text:
The present invention provides a handheld portable, efficient instrument for curing light-curable compounds. The instrument comprises a housing, a light emitted structure supported in the housing, and a reflector configured to interface with the light emitting structure such that light emitted is captured and directed by the reflector onto a light-curable compound. The reflector maximizes the amount of light transferred and contacting the light-curable compound thereby reducing the instrument=s power requirements and improving efficiency. The light emitting structure comprises state of the art, energy efficient, light generating dies. The curing light instrument may also have a self-contained power supply lending portability and convenient of use.
1. An instrument for curing light-curable compounds comprising:
a housing;
a light emitting structure positioned in the housing and including at least one light emitting die mounted on a substrate;
a lens structure positioned proximate to the die and positioned over the die and at least a portion of the substrate to capture light from the die, the lens structure extending forwardly of the die to refract captured light;
a reflector configured for being positioned with the light emitting structure and configured to capture light emitted from the die, the reflector being a tubular structure having open proximal and distal ends;
the lens structure and die being positioned proximate to the open proximal end of the reflector and the lens structure extending into the tubular reflector structure from the proximal end so the light is refracted into the reflector and directed toward the distal end and onto a light-curable compound;
a light guide operably coupled to the distal end of the reflector, the light guide including a plurality of fiber-optic strands capable of transmitting light along the length of the light guide for transmitting light captured by the reflector onto a light-curable compound.
2. The instrument of
3. The instrument of
4. The instrument of
5. The instrument of
6. The instrument of
7. The instrument of
8. The instrument of
9. The instrument of
10. The instrument of
11. The instrument of
12. The instrument of
13. The instrument of
14. The instrument of
15. The instrument of
16. The instrument of
17. The instrument of
18. The instrument of
19. The instrument of
20. An instrument for curing light-curable compounds comprising:
a housing;
a light emitting structure comprising a plurality of solid state light emitting dies forming a collective array on a first substrate;
a lens structure positioned proximate to the array and positioned over the array of dies to capture light collectively from the dies, the lens structure extending forwardly of the array to refract captured light;
a reflector forming a generally tubular passage having open proximal and distal ends, the lens structure and array being positioned proximate the open proximal end and the reflector configured to surround the array of dies with the lens structure extending through the proximal end, the reflector operable to capture and direct light emitted by the array of dies toward the distal end;
a light guide operably coupled to the distal end of the reflector, the light guide including a plurality of fiber-optic strands capable of transmitting light along the length of the light guide for transmitting light captured by the reflector onto a light-curable compound.
21. The instrument of
22. The instrument of
23. The instrument of
24. The instrument of
25. The instrument of
26. The instrument of
27. The instrument of
28. The instrument of
29. The instrument of
30. The instrument of
31. The instrument of
32. The instrument of
33. The instrument of
34. The instrument of
This application is a Continuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/215,210 entitled Curing Light Instrument and filed on Aug. 8, 2002, which Application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates to light generating instruments for curing light-curable compounds, such as those utilized in dental applications. More particularly, the present invention relates to energy and light efficient curing light instruments.
Light-curable compounds, such as adhesives and bonding or filling compounds, are widely used to attach objects to surfaces or to fill gaps or other openings, such as a cavity, in a tooth. Such curable compounds are generally available in a semi-solid state, and are manipulated and positioned on the surface or in the gap as desired, and hardened or cured into a more solid state for permanency. Curing or hardening is generally a chemical polymerization process, which is promoted and driven by various curing conditions and factors. For example, a semi-solid compound or component thereof, may be cured by exposure to air or to energy, such as heat or light energy.
Today, many adhesive and filling compounds are cured by exposure to light energy, particularly visible light energy. The light curing process involves directing a beam of light, such as visible light, at a specific wavelength or band of wavelengths onto a semi-solid light-curable compound to cure the compound. The compound includes light sensitive, chemical components therein which, when exposed to light at the specific wavelength, generally polymerize to harden the compound onto the work surface to bond, fill, or coat the surface.
Specifically, light-curable compounds are widely used in dental procedures. Dentists use light-curable compounds for tooth repairs in a variety of applications including a base, a liner, a coating, a surface seal, a filling for caries and cavities, and to secure crowns or similar dental structures to a tooth surface. Generally, visible light in the blue range of the light spectrum will be sufficient to cure most commonly used dental compounds. Once cured, the dental compound functions, for example, to reduce further tooth decay, to bond dental structures, and/or to provide additional structural support to a tooth.
Generally, curing is effected by various instruments or devices capable of generating visible light, particularly a beam of blue light, and directing this light onto a tooth surface containing the light-curable compound. The blue light penetrates into the compound layer on the tooth surface for complete curing. The duration of the exposure to blue light for proper curing of the compound layer depends upon the light-curable compound itself, thickness of the compound layer, and the power and characteristics of the blue light emitted from the curing light instrument. For example, curing a compound to provide a thin tooth surface coating or veneer will require less light energy, while curing a compound to provide a thicker, deeper filling for gaps, such as caries and cavities, will require a greater amount of light energy.
Presently, the prior art dental curing light devices utilized to deliver blue light to the tooth have exhibited various drawbacks. For example, the blue light directed towards the tooth inevitably exposes the surrounding oral tissue to certain wavelengths of blue light known to be undesirable for human tissue. Hence, curing light devices must be tuned to emit light at the proper wavelength to cure a specific wavelength sensitive light-curable compound for proper curing and have their output radiation limited to within a suitable wavelength band.
Filtering of unwanted wavelengths of light is accomplished by use of complex filtering devices or special filters which receive broad spectrum light from a lamp element, such as a halogen lamp bulb, and allow only the light at the desired blue wavelength to pass through or reflect onto the light-curable compound. The undesired wavelengths are then deflected back into the housing of the instrument adding to the accumulation of heat during operation of the instrument. The heat must be dissipated and therefore, large heat sinks, fans and other devices are necessary. Furthermore, the heat degrades the operation of the bulb and shortens its effective life. In addition, filtering mechanisms often cause a loss of a portion or spectrum of radiation emitted by the light source. Only the specific angle of incidence of light entering the filtering device will be reflected to the curable compound while light outside the specific angle of incidence will be filtered out and lost.
While filtering and angle of incidence effect to decrease light intensity, the light intensity is further diminished by dispersion and scattering of light emitted from the light source. Curing light instruments of the prior art, particularly those utilizing filters, typically have a gap or an empty, hollow space between the light emission source and the filter or other means to direct or transmit the curing light out of the instrument and onto a light-curable compound. However, a portion of the light emitted into this space misses the outlet, thereby reducing the amount of light contacting the light-curable compound.
Thus, curing light instruments of the prior art, with or without filtering devices, are inefficient by virtue of loss of emitted light available to cure the compound. As a result, these instruments require more power output from the light source, increased light emission, and/or longer curing time. Consequently, such instruments also require larger and more efficient heat dissipation components, which increases their overall cost and size. The size, cost of manufacture and operation, and decrease in convenience, to both the operator and the patient, renders these instruments less useful and less desirable.
Thus, there is a need to provide a curing light instrument to cure compounds in a fast, efficient, and effective manner, while improving convenience and reducing size and overall costs.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a curing light instrument, which efficiently and effectively cures light-curable compounds by maximizing the amount of light directed onto the light-curable compound.
It is also desirable to provide a curing light instrument, which is small, portable and convenient to use for curing light-curable compounds.
It is further desirable to provide a curing light instrument requiring low maintenance and radiating light from energy efficient light emitting elements having a long life.
The present invention provides curing light instruments which overcome the weaknesses and drawbacks associated with the prior art light generating instruments by providing an instrument which efficiently and effectively maximizes the light available to cure light-curable compounds. To this end, and in accordance with the principles of the invention, the curing light instrument comprises a housing, a light emitting structure positioned in the housing comprising at least one light emitting die, and a reflector configured to capture and direct light emitted from the die onto a light-curable compound. The reflector is generally a tubular passage having proximal and distal ends, one of which interfaces with the light emitting structure such that a maximum amount of the emitted light is captured and directed onto the light-curable compound.
The housing of the instrument generally includes a handle portion and a barrel portion. The handle portion may house a power source, such as a battery, connected electronically through a control circuit to the light emitting structure. The control circuit controls the time the radiation is emitted, and may further control other factors related to the emission of curing light. The barrel portion of the housing has a proximal end and a distal end. Curing light is radiated directly out of the distal end onto a light-curable compound or alternatively transmitted through a light guide configured to attach to the distal end of the housing. A light shield may be coupled to the distal end of the housing to protect the operator=s eyes from the curing light.
The light emitting structure emits the light necessary to cure the light-curable compound. Light emitting structures, such as structures having at least one light generating die, capable of emitting light, such as blue light, in wavelengths necessary to cure light-curable compounds are suitable. In one embodiment, the instrument utilizes a highly efficient light emitting structure which comprises a collective array of solid state light emitting dies formed on one or more substrates and selectively generates blue light. The first substrate, if only one or the substrate furthest removed from the dies, is generally coupled to an optional base which in turn may be mounted on a printed circuit board. It is beneficial for the printed circuit board, the base, and the substrates to comprise thermally-conductive materials, including metals, such as aluminum, copper and alloys thereof, to conduct heat away from the dies. Cooling of the light emitting structure and corresponding substrates and base may be accomplished by a heat sink thermally coupled to the printed circuit board. Alternatively, a cooling device, such as a fan may be located proximate the heat sink to cool the heat sink and further cool the light emitting structure.
The reflector improves light energy efficiency of the curing light instrument by minimizing or eliminating the loss of light emitted from the light emitting structure thereby maximizing the light radiated out of the instrument housing onto the light-curable compound. To this end, one end of the reflector, such as the proximate end, may be positioned to surround the light emitting structure thereby capturing a significant portion, if not all, of the light emitted and directing this light out of the other end of the reflector. Advantageously, the reflector may comprise a suitable material, such as metal, plastic or glass. To further enhance efficiency, the reflector may have an inner surface comprising a reflective material, such as aluminum or a metal-coated plastic. In one embodiment, the distal end of the reflector is connected to a light guide to transmit the directed light out of the housing.
Accordingly, the present invention minimizes loss, dispersion, and scattering of the light radiation, thereby improving curing efficiency, effectiveness, and decreasing costs associated with curing a light-curable compound on a work surface. The invention is particularly useful for curing light-curable compounds commonly used in dental applications, such as providing an adhesive bond to secure crowns or similar dental structures to a tooth surface, a base, a liner, a coating, or a filling for caries and cavities. These and other objects and advantages of the present invention shall be made apparent from the accompanying drawings and description thereof.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with a general description of the invention given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
The present invention provides curing light instruments to cure light-curable compounds, such as dental compounds, efficiently and effectively from a cost and energy perspective. While the invention will be described in one embodiment herein as having application to curing dental compounds, it is not so specifically limited. Also, the curing light instrument illustrated herein is portable, however, the invention is not so limited and could alternatively be plugged into a source of power. Portability, of course, provides added convenience of use.
As shown in
Light emitting structure 20 is capable of emitting light 34 having wavelengths suitable to cure a light-curable compound. Advantageously, the light emitting structure 20 emits a narrow wavelength band of radiation or light sufficient to cure the compound. Referring to
A suitable light emitting structure 20 may further comprise a first substrate, a base, and optionally a second substrate, positioned between the first substrate on which the dies are formed and the base. The light emitting structure 20 may further comprise a printed circuit board on which the first substrate, second substrate, or base is mounted. Referring to
Printed circuit board 25 generally serves to relay the necessary electrical energy, generally through electrical leads, to the dies 32 to generate light. Printed circuit board 25 may additionally provide cooling for the light emitting structure 20. Accordingly, printed circuit board 25 may comprise thermally conductive materials including metals, such as aluminum, copper, silicon and alloys thereof. Advantageously, the printed circuit board 25 will comprise aluminum, thus maximizing the dissipation of heat emitted by dies 32 during the operation. The printed circuit board 25, and therefore the light emitting structure 20, may be supported by the housing via direct attachment or indirect attachment through an intermediary structure, such as a heat sink 51 (
The light emitting structure 20 depicted in the figures provides many advantages over those used in prior art instruments. Some of the advantages include extremely high flux and flux density, and a longer operating life in the range of up to 10,000 hours for the light-generating components. The die 32 are solid state devices having significantly long life spans as compared to prior art bulbs. This translates into cost savings and convenience for the operator by providing a curing light instrument 10 having a longer useful lifetime without the need to constantly replace bulbs.
A particularly important advantage is that light emitting structure 20 allows instrument 10 to emit desired light, such as blue light radiation, necessary to cure specific compounds. In one embodiment, the die 32 provides radiation in a blue light at a desirable band of wavelengths, for example, around 470 nanometers. Such blue light is useful for curing dental compounds, particularly those being currently used in tooth repairs. To this end, the present invention eliminates the need for filtering devices, typically used to filter undesired wavelengths of broad spectrum light, as is required with prior art halogen lamp bulbs. In addition, the light emitting structure 20 is generally more energy efficient than incandescent and most halogen lamps. Furthermore, the emitted light tends to be cooler, safer to touch, and generally turns on/off instantaneously. One embodiment of a light emitting structure 20 suitable for the present invention is available from Lumileds Lighting Company, U.S.
In accordance with the principles of the invention, the light radiated from the light emitting structure 20 is efficiently captured and directed for effective curing. As mentioned before, the dies 32 emit light 34 which is scattered and multi-directional and not in the form of a dense beam directed in any particular direction. As shown in
Reflector 40, in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in
Reflector 40 may generally be supported by housing 12, advantageously at distal end 15 of barrel portion 14 of housing 12. Alternatively, reflector 40 may be supported through attachment to another structural component of instrument 10. For example, reflector 40 may be supported via attachment to light emitting structure 20. More particularly, as illustrated in
Adapter 45 not only serves to secure or support reflector 40, but also to couple reflector 40 to a light guide 52. More specifically, adapter 45 is configured to couple to the distal end 43 of the reflector 40 and to the proximal end 50 of the light guide 52. In this manner, the adapter 45 couples the reflector 40 to the light guide 52 so as to provide one continuous interface without a loss of light. Adapter 45 may be formed of a lightweight material, such as plastic.
The embodiment of the instrument 10 illustrated in
Light guide 52 may generally be any shape effective to transmit light. Preferably, the shape of the light guide 52 will be adapted for convenience of use depending upon the work surface. For instance, while the light guide 52 may have a relatively uniform diameter from the proximal end 50 through the distal end 48, advantageously, distal end 48 will have a smaller diameter then proximal end 50 to increase the intensity of the exiting light 34 and improve the curing efficiency and convenience of use of the instrument 10. In one embodiment of the invention the reflector 40 is configured to fill a conventional 13 mm light guide. The adaptor 45 is also configured to interface with a 13 mm light guide. While suitable light guides 52 may be commercially available in a variety of different sizes and shapes, for example, in diameters of 8 mm, 11 mm, and 13 mm, respectively, it has been discovered that a distal end 48 diameter of about 11 mm will allow sufficient exposure of the light-curable compound to light 34 and curing of the compound without significant movement of distal end 48 around the work surface. In one embodiment of the invention, a light-receiving end 50 at 13 mm is tapered down to a light-output end of around 11 mm. The larger proximal end 50 of about 13 mm allows the light guide 52 to maximize the capture of light 34 from the reflector 40 thereby further improving the light curing efficiency of instrument 10. The 11 mm distal end concentrates the light 34 to allow a higher intensity of light than a conventional 11 mm or 13 mm light guide. Therefore, in the one embodiment, light guide 52 has a proximal end or receiving end 50 having a diameter of about 13 mm and a distal end or transmitting end 48 having a smaller diameter of about 11 mm. Furthermore, slight bending or tapering of the light guide 52 between the distal end 48 and the proximal end 50 allows the user to cure compounds on work surfaces which would otherwise be difficult to reach. As shown in
Generally, the light guide 52 will comprise components capable of effectively transmitting light 34. For example, one embodiment of the invention utilizes a light guide 52 comprising a plurality of optical fibers (not shown) which are operably fused together into a single light guide or light pipe type structure to transmit the light 34. In another embodiment, the light guide 52 utilizes a plurality of individual optical fibers or strands which collectively form a conductor. Each strand in the conductor has a taper separate from the taper of each other strand. For example, to form a conductor having individual tapered strands, each of the fiber-optic strands may be separately tapered, bundled and fused together to form a solid conductor. The solid conductor may then be stretched to form an elongated stretch section of conical geometry wherein each strand is uniformly tapered over the stretched section. The combined bundle of tapered strands generally imparts a taper to the light guide 52. This solid conductor generally has a light receiving end or proximal end 50 and a light transmitting end or distal end 48 as described above. Further details and additional light guides 52 which are suitable for the present invention are set forth in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,371,826, titled "Dental Fiber-optic Light Bundle with Uniform Taper" and herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Also, conventional light guides known in the art are suitable for the invention.
A shield 68 (
Referring again to
The embodiment illustrated in
The present invention also provides a method to cure light-curable compounds. While the method refers to curing compounds used in dental applications, the invention is not so limited. Generally, the operator, a dentist for example, initially positions the curing light instrument in proximity to the compound. The operator grips the instrument 10 at the handle portion 17 of housing 12 and directs the light transmitting end, typically the distal end 15 of barrel portion 14, towards the work surface (not shown), such as a tooth. The operator then activates the curing light instrument 10 by adjusting and/or depressing the trigger switch 60 appropriately to generate light, or turn ON light 34, to begin to cure a light-curable compound. The light emitting structure 20 then emits light 34 having the desired power and wavelength to cure the compound. In one embodiment, the light emitted will have a power in the range of from about 200 to about 1400 mW/cm2. The multi-directional light 34 emitted is captured and directed by the reflector 40 onto a light-curable compound to cure the compound. Once the operator is satisfied that the compound has been cured, the curing light may be turned OFF by simple release of the trigger switch 60. Where the curing light instrument includes a light guide 52, the operator positions the transmission end 48 of the light guide 52 into the mouth of a patient in proximity to the compound and radiates the light 34 to effect the dental repair.
Thus, the invention provides a small, compact, durable, and portable curing light instrument for hardening or curing light-curable materials used in dental applications. The invention also eliminates the need for filters by providing a light emitting structure comprising dies which generate a desired narrow wavelength band of blue light. Also, the dies have long useful lifetimes and state of the art light generating capabilities. In addition, the invention includes an appropriately dimensioned reflector, strategically interfaced with the light emitting structure, to reduce or eliminate the loss of light radiation emitted thereby reducing both the required periods of light emission and power requirements of the instrument as a whole. To this end, the inventive instrument reduces the heat generated within the instrument housing and eliminates the need for complicated cooling systems. Thus, the inventive instrument is efficient with respect to curing times and heat generation. In addition, the small size of the highly efficient light emitting structure provides an instrument which may be assembled in a housing generally smaller than instruments of the prior art. To this end, the device is lighter and easier for the operator to manipulate. Also, the portable nature of the device allows the operator to carry the instrument and use as needed.
While the present invention has been illustrated by a description of the embodiments thereof, and while the embodiments have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of the applicant to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details and representative apparatus and method, and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of the applicant=s general inventive concept.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
Use our concierge-style service to match you with your perfect forever friend.
Current LHS Volunteers - Click here to log in to your VicNet account
Time is a valuable gift to offer LHS and the animals we serve. Volunteers are very important to the Lexington Humane Society! LHS volunteers must be at least 14 years of age, abide by the shelter volunteer policy and attend a volunteer orientation session. Volunteers must commit to a minimum of four hours a month for at least a six month period.
Regrettably, we are currently unable to accommodate court-ordered, traffic diversion, KTAP or Kentucky Works community service.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Interlink's VersaPad Touchpad integrated into Toughbook 19
CAMARILLO, Calif. –September 12, 2012 – Interlink Electronics announced today that Panasonic has integrated Interlink's VersaPad touchpad technology into a second Panasonic Toughbook mobile computer specifically designed for civilian and military use in the harshest outdoor environments – from oil field to battlefield.
Interlink's VersaPad is now built into the latest Panasonic Toughbook 19 convertible tablet PC, a fully-rugged mobile computer which is MIL-STD-810G and IP65 certified by an independent third party test lab to survive extreme conditions, such as drops up to six feet, rain, pressure, dust and extraordinary swings in temperature. Last year, Interlink announced that Panasonic had chosen VersaPad for its upgraded Panasonic Toughbook 31 rugged laptop. Both Toughbook computers are designed for use in mission-critical situations by first responders, military personnel and field workers in such industries as telecommunications, utilities and energy.
VersaPad is a resistive touchpad that uses a unique pressure-sensing technology enabling exceptionally light touch and smooth tracking. Unaffected by moisture and other contaminants, VersaPad is operable with any glove or passive stylus, and can be environmentally sealed to NEMA 4X / IP65 standards. This compelling combination makes the VersaPad ideally suited to the harsh environments in which the Panasonic Toughbook excels. The VersaPad is supported by a mouse driver which provides users with an advanced feature set and multi-language support.
"Our Toughbook mobile computers are built to excel in some of the most rugged conditions on Earth, and we make no compromises on the quality and durability of every component that goes into each unit," said Kyp Walls, Panasonic Solutions for Business Director of Product Management. "The touchpad on Toughbook computers is a critical user interface, and we chose to upgrade our popular Toughbook 19 PCs with the Interlink VersaPad, following their success in our Toughbook 31 laptops, to help us surpass our customers' high expectations for user experience, reliability and quality."
"Panasonic has now selected Interlink's VersaPad as a key component in two of its strongest and sturdiest Toughbook computers that are used in highly demanding settings all around the world," said Steven N. Bronson, CEO, Interlink Electronics. "We are delighted at this affirmation of the outstanding quality of our technology, and we are excited that Panasonic has chosen to expand its relationship with Interlink."
For more information on Toughbook mobile computers, go to www.toughbook.com.


text:
Daily news
In the spirit of promoting year-round professional development, ASCD has assembled a diverse list of books essential to educators who seek to improve their practice over the summer months.
Read more
Daniel Domenech, executive director of AASA, The School Superintendents Association, has announced the launch of AASA's new National Superintendent Certification Program, a program is designed to help new superintendents build their leadership tool box.
November 7-9, 2013
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Named the Education Technology Council of Illinois (ETCI), the state chapter will address the needs of K-12 chief technology officers and other district technology leaders on a local level across the state.
David K. Pennington, superintendent of the Ponca City Public Schools, Ponca City, Okla., has been elected the 2013-14 president-elect of AASA, The School Superintendents Association.
October 29 - November 2, 2013
Anaheim, California
The conference—which will take place over two and a half days—will focus on the topic of teaching excellence and will have more than 150 sessions tailored for educators of all levels, including teachers, teacher leaders, principals, and district supervisors.
On Monday, Daniel A. Domenech, executive director of the American Association of School Superintendents (AASA) released AASA's response to President Obama's FY14 Proposed Budget.
The American Statistical Association (ASA) and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) are calling on school administrators across the country to provide high-quality training and professional-development opportunities that will help prepare future and current teachers to lead classes on statistics.
AASA's Legislative Advocacy Conference is the premier opportunity for school superintendents to make their voices heard on Capitol Hill.
Privacy Policy | Copyright © 2015
Professional Media Group. All Rights Reserved.
35 Nutmeg Drive, Suite 205
Trumbull, CT, 06611


text:
I see a lot of authors who give playlists to accompany their books, and some of them even admit that they put that list on shuffle and just listen to it repeatedly during the writing process. We like to swap favorite songs and help each other find inspiration through them. But here's a question for you: Does listening to music while writing actually help the process?
This could very well be a subjective thing, but I'm putting on my scholarly glasses here, and trying to look at it from a scientific standpoint. Does writing to music maybe hinder our abilities? Or is it the best thing for us? Is there a certain type of music that is better to listen to?
Here's what I found.
There was a study done on Taiwanese college students to determine if music impacted their reading comprehension. Since writing and reading comprehension are pretty close, I figured it was better than a poke in the eye, right? The study compared reading comprehension between three test groups: reading without music, reading with classical music, and reading with hip hop music. I won't bore you with all the statistical jargon (mostly because I got a C in my college statistics class and I really wouldn't be able to tell you what most of it means anyway), and I'll get right down to the results. They used a point system, but it's not really important to understand how they were calculated or what they mean. Just know that higher is better and lower is not.
The non-music students got an average of 67. The classical students got 64, and the hip hop ones got 58.
So, okay, what does that mean? Based on this study, your comprehension and focus would probably be optimal with silence.
And I found another interesting study done on surgeons to see if music affected their performance at all. The results said kind of the same thing--they did better with silence.
But wait, you say. Hold on a second. I'm a writer who needs music! Silence is too distracting. I can't focus without it.
So here's my theory with that. Because all my academic searching kept telling me silence was the best method for concentration, I figured that maybe writing is just a different process than comprehension or concentration. It's an emotional thing, too. When we write, we are channeling the thoughts and feelings of each character we portray, and that takes a lot of emotional juice we sometimes don't have on hand. And that might be where music comes into play.
I, myself, actually can't write with music going on in the background. I need it for inspiration, however. My best ideas come when I'm listening to music and cleaning my house, actually. Which means sometimes I actually want to do the dishes, and hey, everyone wins there. But when I'm actually writing, silence produces the best results for me.
www.rainymood.com as a soothing rainstorm background.
And then again, if you like your favorite band droning away as you type, that's cool too! Everyone is different, especially when it comes to the writing process.
But it's food for thought.
How about it writers. Do you listen to music when you write? What is your favorite kind of music to use as background noise or inspiration?


text:
If a Veteran is receiving a VA pension due to poverty and is enrolled/receiving for health care as a Category 5 veteran, how will having additional income impact his eligibility for VA health care?
66 year old Vietnam era vet
Social Security is currently his only other income.
Enrolled as a Category 5 and is receiving a huge amount of VA health care with no co-pays.
He might have opportunity in the future to earn some money. If he does, in fact, earn some money will he lose his Category 5 and be reduced to Category 8?
He realizes his pension will be reduced dollar for dollar by whatever he earns, but he is extremely nervous about losing his access to health care (aren't we all?). If it only means that he will have to pay co-pays, he sees no problem.
I have never dealt with VA pensions and/or VA enrollment, so I have no answers for my friend. I am sure my friends at hadit will.
PS I was shocked to see him get approved for his pension and Category 5 enrollment 23 days after he applied! Is this common?
Va Pension W/category 5 Va Health Care
Started by GuaymasJim , Mar 01 2010 09:57 PM
1 reply to this topic
Posted 01 March 2010 - 09:57 PM
Posted 01 March 2010 - 10:29 PM
Jim they keep changing the rules but you should double check everything. I think that once he is in the system the health care will stay the same unless they notify him differently. I know that Pension is offset dollar per dollar in the old days.


text:
I've blogged before about being authentic. About being critical. About speaking up and not being afraid to not "be nice." And even though I believe every single one of those things, they're all things I struggle with regularly, especially when it comes to blogging about books.
Monday, January 21, 2013
Critical Reviews & Critical Advocacy
I've blogged before about being authentic. About being critical. About speaking up and not being afraid to not "be nice." And even though I believe every single one of those things, they're all things I struggle with regularly, especially when it comes to blogging about books.
7 comments:
It took me a while to realize that you were using the word "critical" as synonymous with "negative." I come from an academic background (albeit an already out-of-date one), so I made an assumption about your writing even from your tweet this morning.ReplyDelete
I'm thinking about that mostly because of the kinds of baggage (good and bad) that we bring in to a reading and then what we take out of it to represent. I'm also considering my own reaction when faced with criticism of various sorts and the different people from whom it's easier and harder to hear those observations.
On the one hand I do, truly, believe that we need constructive and honest criticism, and I know that the word "constructive" is crucial, because it honors the advocacy that you're talking about (I saw SILVER LININGS PLAYBOOK and rec'd it to someone that I thought would like it, even though the film has diminished in my experience and memory of it; they're _going_ to like it, why should I mess up their experience?). In an open discussion (a published review) there's going to be more frankness and this is where the other hand comes in, that it still stings to get those notes, especially once there's nothing to be done about them (the project - book, film, play, whatever) is done.
The adult thing to do as the critiqued is to walk away or to say thank you for watching. If the desire for engagement is too strong, maybe questions for the reviewer but not assertions.
It makes me think that among the many skills we don't teach, one of them is receiving criticism. We _get_ grades in school, but we don't talk about the process of receiving them, processing them, and using them. Which is funny, now that I think about it, because that's like saying (in a way) that we don't learn how to talk to one another.Replies
I really like what you say here for several reasons, and there is a lot to unpack. First, and most of interest to me, is the way you mention I say critical as synonymous with negative. Not true! Sure, I use critical as a means of talking about the negative review aspects, but I also wholeheartedly believe being critical comes through positive reviews, too. The books I love I still review with a critical eye, even if it's not a negative review. It's just how I read and how I process.Delete
What else intrigues me and makes me wonder if there's a whole other thing to think about is your last bit -- about how we receive but don't engage with one another when it comes to assessment and criticism. You're right. We DON'T talk to one another about it. We take it and we give it, but there's not a dialog involved. When it comes to reviewing books and, in a way, the larger book blogosphere in general, I don't think a dialog is necessarily a good thing. I think because there is a dialog along the paths to get to publication and into the hands of readers, it's not necessary (and this is why I take some strong stances when it comes to reviewing self-published books -- I want those layers in between myself and the book's creator).
I'm going to be thinking about what you say here all day. Thank YOU.
I think one of the issues is that there's such a wide variety of blogs out there. Some people really do seem to see themselves as publicity machines for authors and publishers. Others have very close relationships with authors but don't seem to have the sense of obligation that the first group does. And then there are some who are definitely very critical--in both senses of the word--but who are able to do it in a professional way.ReplyDelete
And you know, I'm quite happy to have that variety. Also, I value people saying what they want to. So I think one of the key questions is who the blogger is and what they're trying to do. All that aside, however, for those of us who are both bloggers and library people, I think there's a huge value in just what you're talking about--being able to point to what is flawed or didn't work for you in a book, while at the same time knowing what kind of reader might enjoy it.
For myself, I tend to be fine with that when I enjoyed a book in a mild kind of way; it's when I either really really loved or really really hated a book that I have trouble getting past the emotional blitz to sound reasonable.Replies
Oh there's definitely a wide variety of blogs, and I think that's a GREAT thing. I read a wide variety too -- those which are publicity machines and those which are much more critical. In either case, what matters to me is disclosure (which gets at some of what you're talking about). Beyond that, though, the big thing I want to hit home is that because of this variety, it's easy to see why critical reviews are sometimes seen as a bad thing when they're not. They're just another perspective.Delete
I completely agree! And as I said on Twitter, I think there's a general usage (critical=negative) and a more academic sense (critical=thoughtful) which often get confused and conflated when they don't need to be.Delete
I critically review books with Indigenous (or psuedo-Indigenous) themes, culture, characters, settings, and I do so with two populations in mind.ReplyDelete
First is the Native reader whose identity, culture, history is too often misrepresented. Coming upon misrepresentations or stereotypes or bias can yank that reader right out of the book. One after another after another and another can have a negative effect, distancing the reader from the joys that he/she ought to find in a book.
Second is the reader who is not Native and who does not know that the images he/she is getting are stereotypical, biased, incorrect, etc. This monster of expectations is what, in my view, is driving the popularity of books that misrepresent who we are in present and past contexts.
As you might imagine, I'm not very popular with the fan base of authors that I'm critical of... This includes old authors like Laura Ingalls Wilder, but newer ones, too, like Ann Rinaldi and Sharon Creech.
Recognizing problems with repsentations of American Indian people is hard. America is so damned ignorant. Fed on things like playing Indian, racist Indian mascots, and products from songs to butter, people don't recognize their own ignorance. Rather than listen to a critical voice, they turn away. Its a vicious cycle of misrepresentation.
My blog is American Indians in Children's Literature. I've reviewed for Horn Book and SLJ and have professional articles in both their publications as well as others.
It also took me a while to realize that you meant critical as in negative, as well. I was thinking you were talking more about scholarly criticism.ReplyDelete
But, anyway.. I agree wholeheartedly with what you are saying. It's difficult to write a review that is negative. I will usually write one if I read enough of the book. But if it's so awful that I can't get into it, I tend not to write a review at all.
I have written a few negative reviews and have been (at times) the blunt of the publisher's or authors rage when they see such negativity.. but I don't take it back. Like you had mentioned, someone has to advocate for the readers. I can't be scared of hurting feelings.
Book Reviews


text:
'); } -->
4 bed, 4 full bath. RARE opportunity for this type set up in Middleborough. 2 side by side units were opened up betweenMore info
3 bed, 2 full bath. REDUCED!! PRICED TO SELL!Well maintained 3 bedroom condo, corner unit overlooking Williams Brice StMore info
2 bed, 1 full bath, 1 half bath. Truly spotless cozy spacious 2 BR well kept and only been owner occupied during this sellers ownersMore info
2 bed, 2 full bath. Enjoy the best of downtown Columbia living! Just a stone's throw from the stadium! Great floor planMore info
2 bed, 2 full bath. Immaculately maintained 4th floor Condo. Beautiful Hardwood floors, molding, high ceilings, great vMore info
2 bed, 2 full bath. Beautiful 2br,2bath condo in the Shadow of Williams Brice Stadium, Easy game day walk to the stadiuMore info
3 bed, 2 full bath, 1 half bath. Lake living at it's best-Look no further! Well maintained and updated 2 story 3 bedroom, 21/2 bathMore info
2 bed, 1 full bath, 1 half bath. 2 BR 1 1/2 BA Condo... New carpet. New paint. HVAC replaced. Must see to appreciate! Buyer to verifMore info
2 bed, 2 full bath. Well maintained, READY TO MOVE in property. Beautiful laminate flooring on first level. New carpetMore info
2 bed, 2 full bath. Luxury 5th floor condo overlooking Williams Brice Stadium. Gated building just minutes away from doMore info


text:
Kerry Is Borrowing Edwardss Common Touch
By DAVID M. HALBFINGER
Published: February 27, 2004
LOS ANGELES, Feb. 26 — Senator John Kerry , who is not the son of a mill worker, is borrowing heavily from the message and manner of Senator John Edwards , who is.
Mr. Kerry is talking nonstop about job losses, about the "haves and have-nots," about hardship and heartache in the industrial heartland. He is even surrounding himself with mill workers to prove his point — and retelling their stories about as often as Mr. Edwards mentions that he grew up in a textile town and saw the broken spirits of those whom global trade left behind.
Mr. Kerry's transformation into an empathetic candidate with a decidedly blue collar on his navy pinstriped suit began months ago as he struggled to connect with audiences put off by his patrician manner and emotional distance.
It has taken on new significance, however, since the Democratic race narrowed to Mr. Kerry and Mr. Edwards, whose affability, speaking style and up-from-the-bootstraps biography stand in contrast to Mr. Kerry's Boston Brahmin image and background. And it will be even more vital, Democratic strategists say, should Mr. Kerry win the nomination and take on a president whose popularity is based largely on his regular-guy, emotionally direct appeal.
Tony Coelho, who served as Al Gore's campaign chairman in the early part of his 2000 campaign, said Mr. Kerry seemed to have left his cerebral policy wonkishness in Iowa, where at the low point of his campaign he had nothing to lose by loosening up. "He had a lot of Gore in him," Mr. Coelho said.
If Mr. Kerry's transformation lasts, Mr. Coelho said, "this is going to help him out tremendously against Bush, because that's what Bush has."
"If Kerry, who everybody agrees has intellectual curiosity, has inner peace, he'll go against Bush, who has that, but no intellectual curiosity," he said.
Mr. Coelho described that inner peace as "being able to reach out to people, hug them, and touch them — as opposed to being the brightest kid in class."
"The danger is," he added, "if it's not real, it will come out."
To bolster his credibility with the working class, Mr. Kerry is trying everything: touring deserted mills and still-bustling ones, talking about the plight of struggling mill and factory workers, campaigning with them at his side, exchanging hugs with tearful laborers, and assuring the countless union members whose bosses are now backing him that he will fight to keep their jobs from disappearing overseas. On Thursday he campaigned at the side of striking California grocery workers.
The day after Mr. Edwards's strong showing in the Feb. 17 Wisconsin primary, Mr. Kerry walked past a vacant lot where an auto-parts factory once stood in Dayton, Ohio, then walked a block to a crowded forum at a United Auto Workers local. He sat between two mill workers and listened as they described their plight.
"I'm hanging on by a thread," said Vicki Johnson, an electrician who is raising a daughter.
Lucy Hopkins, a millwright at another factory with three daughters of her own, said she had the "job of a lifetime" until she was laid off Nov. 30.
"It was like a slap in the face, like having the rug pulled out from under you," she said. "I don't know what the future holds."
In Jamaica, Queens, on Monday, Mr. Kerry listened to Chris Gleason, a single father and plumbers' union official, complain that the Bush administration was trying to roll back labor protections like overtime pay.
"None of us in this room are rich," Mr. Gleason said. "We want a piece of the pie, we're not asking for everything. When we work over 40 hours, we're entitled to our overtime pay, because right now they're taking my time away from my daughter."
Mr. Kerry listened intently as Mr. Gleason said he had had to leave New York to find work. "Chris," he said, "What did you do for child care?" Mr. Gleason said he relied on his daughter's grandmothers.
Mr. Kerry's moments with such workers at times seem forced, and almost always clearly delineated. Typically he steps out of his dress shoes and into duck boots, throws a barn coat over his suit, and slips into a kind of dialect heavy on "Hey, man" and accompanied by shoulder-clasps.
Outside Youngstown, Ohio, on Wednesday, he tramped through a rusting, long-abandoned steel mill with a few members of the steelworkers' union who said they had been locked out of work at a titanium plant since last October.
Randy Velk, 50, said he had diabetes and was finding it difficult to pay his $500-a-month prescription drug bills. "I only work sporadically," he said. "It's really tough."
Mr. Kerry said, "That's tough, man."
The shut-down steel mill was mainly a photo opportunity, but many of these encounters give Mr. Kerry fodder for the kind of anecdotes he likes to use on the stump. In Iowa in October, he met a 50-year-old man named Bob Anderson, who was out of work with a sick wife and no health insurance. Mr. Anderson popped up in a speech as recently as Wednesday night in St. Paul, Minn.
And in Toledo on Wednesday, Mr. Kerry recycled the story of Ms. Hopkins, the millwright from Dayton.
"You know, they didn't just ship her job to China, they took things a step further," Mr. Kerry said. "They literally unbolted the equipment and shipped the equipment out piece-by-piece and reassembled it in another country, in China."
Kathleen Hall Jamieson, an expert on political messages and director of the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania, said Mr. Kerry was taking a sensible route in responding to Mr. Edwards.
"The only message the very wealthy Edwards has to differentiate himself is that, `Because of my experience as a son of a mill worker, seeing unemployed mill workers my whole life, I understand what it means to not have a job'," she said. "If Kerry demonstrates he listens and understands, he's neutralized Edwards's message."
Ms. Jamieson said another part of Mr. Edwards's message was that he had translated his life experience of "understanding pain" into advocacy for the unfortunate.
"But Kerry can say, `So did I — and it's more unusual, because given my background, you wouldn't expect me to,' " she said.
Indeed, in Columbus, Ohio, last week, Mr. Kerry acknowledged his well-to-do background, but said he had put his advantages to good use.
"How can we have a president, who incidentally graduated from the same privileged university that I went to — it was a privilege," Mr. Kerry said. "But how can he cut the Pell grants? How can he see the Perkins grants cut? How can he turn his back on the ability of everyone else in this country to be able to get the same kind of opportunity and the same chance in life?"
Many challenges are ahead for Mr. Kerry should he capture the Democratic nomination. He was assigned Secret Service protection last week, and has already disappeared to a degree into the protective bubble that insulates him from the up-close interaction he found so valuable in Iowa and New Hampshire.
"Now that he's in the cocoon, can he let it come out?" Mr. Coelho, the Gore campaign chairman, said. "If it's not real, it'll flip right back to where it was before, and he'll be in trouble."


text:
The Vampire Diaries
The CW Resurrects The Vampire Diaries' "Starve a Vampire, Give Blood" Campaign
The cast of The Vampire Diaries is on message today! Not only are they telling us to get out and vote, they're also encouraging blood donation.
OK, so the video The CW re-released today, "Starve a Vampire, Give Blood," is a little old, but the sentiment is timeless. The recent Superstorm Sandy devastated regions of the East Coast, and caused the Red Cross to cancel a number of their blood drives. According to their site, this has impacted their blood supply at a time when it's needed most.
So, what do you say? Starve a vampire and give blood to someone truly in need!
Source: The CW, The Red Cross
Need your daily Vampire Diaries fix? Like us on our Facebook page or follow us on Twitter!


text:
"Together Everyone Achieves More in Excel"
Between an outstanding idea and an outrageous one…there is often just a thin line.. Our company believes in finding outstanding solutions for each project. And our clients greatly appreciate.
Ms. Isha Khurana
Deputy General Manager – Operations
Ms. Isha Khurana is an alumnus of the prestigious Rajiv Gandhi Institue of Technology, majoring in Computer Engineering. Armed with innumerable extra – curricular activities to her credit, this vivacious lady has a keen eye for the Operational activities in our centre, acting in the role of the Operations Manager mending out instructions as regards to the Campaigns, Client retention and the likes.
She is an Integral part of Excel in the Operations Department. Additionally, she has juggled the financial aspect of the company as well. An articulate lady, she keeps her head firmly on her shoulders and drives her team to prosperity through honesty, dedication, perseverance and oodles of hard work.
Ms. Isha proclaims, "I devotedly believe in the passion for Team work. I do believe that hard work coupled with smart work, dedication and loyalty reaps rich benefits at the helm and produces assets for the organization and richness by the dozens".
Mr. Mrinal Khurana
Asst. General Manager – Business Development
Mrinal has over 4 years of experience of BPO industry; he has been associated with the Contact Center industry right from the beginning of his career and has worked with global leaders like Ventura, Convergys, IBM Daksh and EXL leading projects for clients in the UK, USA, Australia and India.
"As the vehicle drawn by 'Action' and 'Vision' is so important and real for success in human life that non other can be equal to it, I rely on it for the building of a golden future. I believe in honesty; honesty comes from courage, courage comes from hard-work and hard-work is, definitely, the outcome of sincerity. So, honesty, courage, hard-work and sincerity are the principles of my life."
Ms. Bela Ash


text:
Bill Ellis: Dec. 7 a special day for me
What happened on today's date 108 years ago is very important to me. I owe my very existence to the events of that date.
My Dad, Clarence Ellis, was born on Dec. 7, 1904, the son of William Hamilton Ellis, formerly of Putnam County, and Octavia Hodge Ellis of Wevaco, W.Va. My Grandpa Ellis died when my Dad was 9 years old. I wish I could have known him and something about his life in the county where I now live.
I feel some degree of possible kinship to every Ellis I hear about who also has Putnam County roots. Just maybe?
I recall clearly the day my Dad celebrated his 37th birthday. It was a cold, but sunny day. I was 11 years old, soon to be 12 one month after Christmas. My beautiful sister, Marie, was 9, and brother, "Whitey" who was called "Butch" in those days, was just 4. We were playing in the yard when Mom came outside to tell us that the Japanese had bombed Pearl Harbor — the day which President Franklin Roosevelt said would "live in infamy."
Would Dad be going to war? He did not serve in the military but was the Civilian Defense Director in our Wevaco community that would have been difficult for any enemy to locate. I was honored to be a messenger boy in this war effort.
The bombing of Pearl Harbor marked the entrance of Japan into World War II on the side of Germany and Italy. On December 8, the United States declared war on Japan and likewise against the Axis powers on Dec. 11.
A dozen of our family members, cousins and uncles, served in the military, some seriously injured for life and one uncle killed.
In October of 1943, my Dad and three cousins, Henry Hodge, Hobart Hodge and Ben Mullins, bought 168 acres of land, the old Simms farm that dated back to Civil War years. I live on the five remaining acres of that purchase to which my parents, Clarence and Goldie Ellis, and children moved on June 2, 1947.
Dad is the one who stands out among many of the famous, powerful, wealthy and brilliant I have met. He is in a class by himself. My mentor and role model.
More than once in those years of growing up, he and I would head for the top of the mountain with a good sharp hatchet to cut down a small evergreen to be the Christmas Tree in our house. I can recall so much about those days. Things we did together.
It will be Christmas in 18 more days. Remember that Christmas is all about the birth of the Christ Child. Anything less is not enough.
Anything more is too much. Be determined to stay out of debt with Christmas purchases. Buy only what you have the money to pay for.
Enjoy this "most wonderful time of the year" — you, your friends and family.
Bill Ellis is a syndicated columnist who can be reached at P.O. Box 345, Scott Depot, WV 25560; phone 304-757-6089.


text:
Paramount thought they could make a Chris Pine-starring Jack Ryan film before Star Trek 2. They thought wrong.
The studio had a plan to reboot Tom Clancy hero Jack Ryan in an origin story film helmed by Jack Bender ("Lost"), with Pine as the lead, a part that's been portrayed by Harrison Ford and Alec Baldwin – good company. Rather than adapt one of Clancy's many novels, the studio wants someone to rewrite a spec screenplay that had nothing to do with Jack Ryan. The new plot involves young Jack Ryan escaping a deadly helicopter crash. Sounds helicopter-y, and by working the name "Jack Ryan" in there, serious cashola can be acquired by audiences who hate new things.
Many writers are being interviewed, and many more have already banged the script and were kicked out of script's bed the next morning. Steve Zaillian (Clear and Present Danger) made a deal to do the job last month, but he backed out. Unfortunately for lovers of helicopter destruction cinema, without a solid script, production won't move forward.
So even though Paramount was trying hard to get this project off the ground before Pine starred as Captain Kirk in the next Star Trek, it looks like the Enterprise is traveling a whole lo faster than the Red October, even though J.J. Abrams hasn't officially signed on to direct the sequel yet. Paramount hopes that little detail won't stop them from shooting this Fall and hitting their June 29, 2012 release date.
Damon Lindelof, Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci are are working on the Star Trek 2 script. (Deadline)
Consider posting a comment.


text:
Sorry, there are no current plans to re-stock this product. Instead, please consider some of our similar products listed below.
The Ascoli Prostar team kit set of 15 for juniors. This junior set of Prostar team kit from the Ascoli teamline, is an excellent set of football kit, designed with 15 jerseys, shorts and socks.
This Ascoli football kit set includes, 15 x Prostar Ascoli football jerseys, 15 x Prostar Prime football shorts and 15 x Prostar Mercury (please state which design you would prefer) football socks.
An excellent set of Prostar team kit, this junior Ascoli set is complete with 15 x free jersey numbering and 1 x free supplied kit bag courtesy of ACA Sports. Free printing and kitbag worth £55
If you wish to customise this team bundle further, please leave a message in the comments box when checking out or e-mail email@example.com with your request.


text:
Nip Slips are so last year. Lindsay Lohan showed us the future last night… at Nickelodeon's Kids Choice Awards, of all places. So pay attention kids– nipples are out, ass slips are in.
The ass slip movement has already swung into full gear, with elementary school teachers from coast to coast calling in to announce that several attention seeking pre-teens with a history of poor decision making and a killer coca-cola addiction have already begun to "accidentally" slip out of their Underoos. It's true. Lindsay has made Ass Slips the new Pokemon.
Click below to see the money shot that started the revolution, or just head over to Egotastic to see a whole bunch of Lindsay Lohan money shots. Umm, that sounded dirty. Sorry about that.


text:
The 27-year-old spent most of the last campaign on loan at Hull City, where he helped the Tigers to seal a Premier League return, and he has been linked with a permanent switch to Steve Bruce's side.
The arrival of Maarten Stekelenburg means that Stockdale will face increased competition for the number one shirt at Fulham, but he insists he is preparing for a return to the London club.
"I've been trying to get back fit and getting ready for Fulham's next campaign," he told talkSPORT.
"I'm a Fulham player.
"This is the first year I'm not worried about my future because there's not much going on.
"I'm just going to relax and enjoy my holiday, keep fit and prepare for another chapter at Fulham."


text:
- Home
- Featured Destinations
- Sample Trips
- Exclusive Deals
- Custom Trip Planning
- Travel 101
- Blog
- About Us
Tanzania Wildlife and Culture
Tanzania's National Parks and Incredible Cultures
The birthplace of the modern safari, Tanzania is truly a mecca for adventurous travelers. From the snowy peak of Kilimanjaro to the endless plains of the Serengeti and the white sand beaches of Zanzibar, the country has one of the highest concentrations of wildlife in all of Africa and is the perfect choice for exploration.
If your primary reason for traveling to Africa is to experience an abundance of African wildlife in an unspoilt wilderness, Tanzania should be your destination of choice. This safari has been designed to offer an in-depth view of the natural history of Tanzania with a special emphasis on wildlife and in-depth cultural interaction that takes you well of the standard tourist circuit.
This incredible itinerary is just a sample trip to get your imagination flowing. Call us now at (866) 577 2462 or submit the form and let one of our international travel specialists custom design the perfect trip for you today!
Why Travel to Tanzania with Global Basecamps
- Expert local naturalist guides with an intimate knowledge of local culture and wildlife.
- Private vehicles and beautiful sustainable camps and lodges
- Travel at a slow pace with a focus on cultural interaction and intimate wildlife encounters
- All of our safaris and treks directly benefit local communities through a variety of educational and cultural initiatives.
- Through our partner CarbonFund.org, Global Basecamps will plant a Nepal fruit tree for each trip booked (full carbon offsets coming soon)
Sample Itineraries
Browse our collection of sample trips which have been designed to inspire you. Keep in mind, we customize every trip to meet your specific travel needs and budget.
Tanzania Wildlife and Culture Itinerary
Day 1: ArushaUpon your arrival you'll be met at the airport and transferred by road to a charming eco-friendly guesthouse located just outside of Arusha. In the early evening you will be met at the lodge by your safari guide for a pre-trip briefing outlining the route that you'll be taking with plenty of time for any questions that you have regarding your safari.
Day 2: Tarangire National ParkThis morning after an early breakfast at the lodge you'll head to Tarangire National Park, a quiet seasonal park with excellent game viewing in the summer. Tarangire has regions of dense bush with high grasses and huge old baobab trees instead of the green forests of Manyara. The land is hilly and dominated by the impressive valley of the Tarangire River which attracts high numbers of migratory animals during the dry months of June through September. During the dry months the concentration of animals around the Tarangire River is almost as diverse and reliable as in the Ngorongoro Crater, but the ecosystem here is balanced by a localized migration pattern that is followed by most animals other than lion, who maintain their territory throughout the year. You'll spend the night at a permanent tented camp set in the Tarangire Conservation Area, astride the elephant migratory route which is thought to run from Tarangire National Park right through to Amboseli in Kenya.
Day 3: Tarangire - Lake EyasiThis morning after breakfast you'll leave Tarangire and the main tourist trail behind and enter the true tribal areas of Tanzania on the road to Lake Eyasi. Lake Eyasi, just south of the Serengeti, is a wild and scenically stunning area where you can get a real insight into the way of life of some of Tanzania's fascinating tribes, most notably the Wahadzabe and Datoga peoples. The road from Tarangire is the same road that leads to the Ngorongoro Crater and Highlands, but divides in Karatu, just below the Crater Rim. The north-eastern tip of the lake lies in the shadow of Oldeani Mountain on the edge of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Lake Eyasi lies in one of the oldest parts of the Eastern Rift Valley, it runs northeast - southwest for a distance of about fifty miles below the impressive three thousand foot escarpment, which forms the south-eastern boundary of the Serengeti National Park and Maswa Game Reserve. To the southeast of the lake is the Yaida valley, home to the Wahadzabe tribe of hunter-gatherers. This area is inhabited by small groups of bushmen - the Hadza and Watindiga, who live in small groups hunting with bow and arrow and gathering roots, tubers and wild fruits much as humankind lived in the Stone Age. Over 100 years ago, when the stronger Maasai tribes moved into the Ngorongoro and Serengeti, the tribes made the area around Lake Eyasi their home. Another interesting tribe in the area is the Datoga, one of the last click-speaking hunter-gatherer tribes in East Africa. Your base in Lake Eyasi is a small tented camp situated on the shores of the lake with sweeping views toward the Rift Valley. The camp is beautifully set in a date palm and acacia forest and is part of 200-acre family-owned farm. You'll have the opportunity to spend the remainder of the day exploring the lake and interacting with the local Wahadzabe and Datoga communities before settling down for the night at the camp.
Day 4: Lake Eyasi - Crater HighlandsToday after a very early morning wake-up call you can take part in a truly once-in-a-lifetime experience, a morning of traditional hunting with your Wahadzabe guides. There is perhaps no better way to understand the way of life of the local communities than by joining them in their quest for sustenance. There are other early morning cultural activities available for anyone who doesn't wish to take part in the hunt. After returning to the camp for brunch you'll leave the Lake Eyasi region to head for the world-famous Ngorongoro Crater Highlands. Your base for exploring the highlands is a luxurious lodge consisting of individual cottages perched overlooking the Rift Valley. You'll spend the afternoon exploring the Crater Highlands with your guide on a walking safari through the farms and villages of the Rift Valley escarpment. Today will be spent learning about another fascinating local tribe, the Iraqw, who are culturally very different than the Wameru and Maasai of the surrounding areas. You will be led on a guided walking safari culminating in a cultural tour of a traditional Iraqw village in the Ngorongoro highland forests above the Great Rift Valley. The Iraqw people settled the Ngorongoro area some two thousand years ago and speak a Cushitic language with its origins in Ethiopia. Today they are primarily agriculturalists and live along the hills and valleys of the plateau that stretches from the Ngorongoro Highlands south towards Lake Manyara.
Day 5: Crater Highlands – Ngorongoro CraterThis morning after an early breakfast you'll head out of the highlands and continue on to the world famous Ngorongoro Crater. The Ngorongoro Crater is the remains of a once massive volcano, nearly three million years old, on the eastern border of Serengeti National Park. Now collapsed and eroded to leave the world's largest unbroken caldera, it forms an extraordinarily fertile 'bowl' in the midst of rolling highlands, with permanent water sources and steep sides ensuring that the wildlife that thrives here has little reason to leave. Situated in the midst of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, a wildlife preservation area roughly the size of Crete, the crater forms an important aspect of the northern Tanzania safari circuit. The crater is the spectacular stalking ground of around 20,000 to 30,000 wild animals at any one time, the most densely packed concentration of wildlife in Africa. The crater holds an astonishing microcosm of East African wildlife within its boundaries, and has achieved renown as 'the eighth wonder of the world.' Upon arrival you'll descend into the Crater for an incredible game drive. The Crater comprises areas of grassland, swamps, lerai forest (small patches of forest made up of yellow-barked acacia and yellow fever trees), and Lake Makat, a central soda lake filled by the Munge river. These habitats attract all kinds of wildlife to drink, wallow, graze or hide, and although the animals are free to move in and out of this contained environment, the rich volcanic soil, lush forests and spring-fed lakes on the crater floor incline both grazers and predators to remain. After the game drive and a picnic lunch you'll head out of the Crater and up to the Crater rim for the evening. Perched high on the Ngorongoro Crater rim, your lodge overlooks one of the most fascinating volcanic calderas in the world and provides extraordinary accommodation in a spectacular situation.
Day 6: Ngorongoro Crater – SerengetiThis morning you'll leave the Ngorongoro Crater behind and continue on to Serengeti National Park, perhaps the most famous park in all of Africa. The drive to the Serengeti is for all practical purposes an extended game drive through the plains and greater Ngorongoro Conservation Area and you'll have plenty of opportunities to stop and spot wildlife en route. The drive will take you through the Olduvai Shifting Sands region of the Ngorongoro Conservation area. This fascinating area is not only the home to mankind's earliest hominid remains but also the fascinating volcanic ash dunes known as the "shifting sands." After exploring the area with your guide and visiting the museum you'll continue on to the central Serengeti for two nights at our luxury tented camp. The camp has varying numbers of tents throughout the year to accommodate guests, the environment and the location of wildlife. This new camp is intimate and special, with only four to ten luxury tents at any one time. The vast Serengeti is one of the most stunning wildlife sanctuaries on the planet and this vast savannah hosts the world's largest surviving concentration of plains game. In addition to the short grass plains there are beautiful rocky out-cropping called kopjes (pronounced copies) and thousands of acres of bush and acacia woodland. The Seronera area has permanent water and therefore is an excellent area to spot big cats and elephant in the dry season. In addition to daily game drives the camp offers guided night walks and a large amount of cultural interaction with Maasai from the neighboring communities.
Day 7: Serengeti – Esilalei - ArushaThis morning you'll have time for another fantastic game drive in the park before heading to the Crater Highlands through the Maasai corridor between Lake Manyara and Tarangire parks. The afternoon will be spent at the village of Esilalei for an in-depth cultural experience. All of our safaris directly benefit the local communities and you will have an opportunity to meet members of the village, see the schools and community buildings, listen to stories by the Mzees, or elders, and go on a walking safari through the surrounding bush. There are also opportunities for collecting food and water in traditional Maasai ways and taking part in arts and crafts. In the early evening you'll return to Arusha and your lodge for the night
Day 8: Arusha OnwardThis morning you'll be met at the hotel and transfered to the airport for your onward flight.
Tanzania Wildlife Safari Includes
- Prices from $2325 per person
- Prices include expertly guided private safari, all meals, lodging, domestic flights and conservation and national park fees
- Prices do not include international airfare, taxes, international visas or gratuities for guides and camp staff.
- This incredible Tanzanian safari is only one option for your travels in East Africa and the world. Contact one of our safari specialists for a completely customized itinerary today!
Request Free Quotes!
Who is Global Basecamps?
Global Basecamps is a bonded, insured, and trusted travel company which creates customized experiences for independent travelers – bringing together diverse destinations and cultures, unique lodging and a spirit of adventure to create personal, memorable journeys.
Help Us Plant a Tree!
We love planting trees, and Global Basecamps makes it a priority to donate to reforestation efforts every year. In fact, we plant a tree for every traveler we send around the world.
Reforestation projects are one of the best ways to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, so travel responsibly by choosing Global Basecamps.
In 2014, Global Basecamps, along with local partners, financially supported the planting of 56,000 Quena trees in the Yanacocha and Queunacocha communities in the Peruvian Andes mountains.


text:
CHERRY HILL, N.J. (AP) -- The search is on for a woman suspected of biting another woman's finger amid a dispute over a parking spot at a southern New Jersey mall.
Police are still trying to identify the woman who bit Tonya Knight-Joseph's finger outside the Cherry Hill Mall on Saturday.
The 42-year-old Philadelphia resident says she was arguing with two women who accused her of stealing their parking space when one attacked her.
Knight-Joseph says the attacker was cursing, yelling, getting in her face and hitting her. Then, the woman bit her finger, nearly severing it. That was "game over," in Knight-Joseph's words.
She says hospital workers who took X-rays couldn't believe the bite was caused by a human.
Police have released an image of the suspect. They say she could face aggravated assault charges.
To comment, the following rules must be followed:
Comments may be monitored for inappropriate content, but the station is under no legal obligation to do so.
If you believe a comment violates the above rules, please use the Flagging Tool to alert a Moderator.
Flagging does not guarantee removal.
Multiple violations may result in account suspension.
Decisions to suspend or unsuspend accounts are made by Station Moderators.
Questions may be sent to firstname.lastname@example.com. Please provide detailed information.


text:
(based on 2 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
4 Stars
3 Stars
2 Stars
1 Stars
Reviewed by 2 customers
Sort by
Displaying reviews 1-2
Back to top
Fab deal!
By brooklynbg
from Denver, CO
About Me Style Driven
Best Uses
Comments about Orage Melena Baselayer Pants - Women's:
My only regret is there not being a size small available when I purchased these. According to the size chart, a size medium should have fit me snugly (my hips are 39"), but they are too big and ride up to my waist. Regardless, the day I received them in the mail I tried them on and didn't take them off until bedtime! They are super comfy, warm, and show off my curves - a plus for an undergarment!
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
- You may also flag this review
Awesome Deal!
By brooklynbmg
I needed some baselayers for the up & coming season, and settled on the Heather Gray color for these. My hips measure at 39 inches, so I went off of the size chart and ordered a medium. I am regretting my choice in size because they are a little big - I totally should have ordered a small. HOWEVER...these pants are just ridiculously comfy and I ended up wearing them all evening after trying them on. The fabric hugs every curve which is a plus, since I like still being able to feel sexy in my undergarments :)


text:
W.Va. lawmakers to hear from regional jail director
CHARLESTON, W.Va. (AP) — West Virginia lawmakers are set to hear from the head of the state's regional jails.
West Virginia Regional Jail Authority executive director Joe DeLong is scheduled to brief members of the Joint Standing Committee on the Judiciary on Tuesday during the Legislature's interim meetings.
He's expected to talk about the decrease in bond revenues because of lower collection of court fees.
During the interim session, the committee also will discuss regional jail revenue and driver's license suspension.
The Herald-Dispatch welcomes your comments on this article, but please be civil. Avoid profanity, obscenity, personal attacks, accusations of criminal activity, name-calling or insults to the other posters. Herald-dispatch.com does not control or monitor comments as they are posted, but if you find a comment offensive or uncivil, hover your mouse over the comment and click the X that appears in the upper right of the comment. If you do not want your comment to post to your personal Facebook page, uncheck the box below the comment.


text:
Training Room C
Located in the Event Center building, Training Room C is our largest meeting room available. The seating capacity is up to 135 depending upon the layout. The restrooms are located on the same level as the meeting room. The room measures 40 x 47. Rental hours are from 7:00 am- 11:00 pm.
Meeting Facility Fee:
Up to four hours-$200.00
Over four hours- $300.00
Training Room C features:
|Theatre Style
maximum capacity: 135
|Classroom Style
maximum capacity: 85
Pod Style
maximum capacity: 66


text:
Twins recall Kyle Waldrop, option Jeff Manship back to Rochester
Get the 1500 ESPN SportsWire delivered to your inbox daily, and keep up with all the news in Twin Cities Sports
MINNEAPOLIS -- Kyle Waldrop is rejoining the Minnesota Twins' ever-changing bullpen.
The team announced after its 12-5 loss to the Chicago White Sox they have recalled the right-hander from Triple-A Rochester and optioned Jeff Manship, whose earned-run average rose to 10.97 after he allowed three runs on five hits in one inning on Wednesday.
Waldrop, 26, was 1-0 with a 5.73 ERA with the Twins last season. The former first-round pick (25th overall in 2004) was in line to compete for a roster spot again this season but landed on the disabled list during spring training with a right elbow strain.
Since recovering from that injury, Waldrop has appeared in nine games at Rochester, posting a 1.26 ERA, five walks and five strikeouts in 14 1/3 innings.


text:
Leadership Lesson 11: Building Board Relations
Perhaps the greatest issue that comes from chats with other leaders or aspiring leaders is this question, "How do I work with the board?" Today's blog will focus on practical steps to building board relations. Many leaders go into board meetings with fear and trepidation. They view the board in an adversarial way and as a place of confrontation. I have learned a few tips that will change the way you view the board.
A Leader must view the board as a place to gather wisdom from wise counselors.
There were many occasions over the last twenty years when I could have fought with boards, but early in my career I chose to have an open ear to those around me. Leaders will at times have board members who vociferously oppose their direction of leadership, but leaders who keep their spirits open to even their worst critics will find nuggets of gold. It is amazing how much one can learn when evaluating what every person is saying. Now, I do not suggest that leaders should subject themselves to constant beatings from their critics. However, my worst critics have taught me lessons. A correct view of the board yields dividends in many ways.
The best and most underutilized tool for board relations is one-on-one time.
When I led a small church through tremendous growth, some opposed me. As pastor, I would take my meager $75 salary and use some of it to take board members to lunch on a regular basis. I baled hay with farmers, helped milk cows, visited business firms, and just spent time with people so I could understand their viewpoints. Everyone wants to feel they are heard. As a leader, I regularly spend time with board members to talk about new ideas and build trust. The most adversarial persons usually just want to give their perspectives and will be more supportive in group settings after individual meetings. In fact, the effective leader is able to share ideas with board members privately and allow those members to receive public credit for the ideas.
As a leader, you must be prepared to lead the agenda and elevate the meeting.
The leader must always know where meetings are going, whether at a small church or on a university board. The leader must have thought through all scenarios, learn board members' agendas through private chats beforehand, and build the agenda to accommodate board members' desires or concerns while still leading. At the same time, a leader must always work to elevate meetings from personal differences or attacks to the "meat" of the issue at hand. Leaders can either attack each other or work together to solve problems. Leader, you are hired to solve problems! The board hires you to lead, so do not go into board meetings unprepared or ask open-ended questions that can destroy the agenda. Know where meetings are going and move your organization forward. Over the years I have watched many organizations flounder because they discussed the "electric bill" instead of strategies to reach a world for Christ. Leader, do you plan and elevate your board meetings?
I have learned that board members are wise counselors to leadership—yes, even the naysayers have their contributions. As a leader, you must find a way to move the organization forward through working and elevating those around you to an agenda that will impact the world. Leader, how do you work with your board?


text:
Processing Federal Malpractice Tort Claims and Reporting to the National Practitioner Data Bank
An article from the October 2005 issue of The IHS Primary Care Provider
See the National Practitioner Data Bank below.
National Practitioner Data Bank-Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank
The National Practitioner Data Bank contains a practitioner's licensure, professional society memberships, medical malpractice payment history, and record of clinical privileges.
Indian Health Service Application for Medical Staff Appointment and/or Privileges [PDF – 683 KB]
This website may require you to download plug-ins to view all content.
Accessibility · Disclaimer · FAQs · Website
Privacy Policy · Plain Writing Act · Freedom
of Information Act · HIPAA · No Fear · Glossary · Contact
Indian Health Service (HQ) - The Reyes Building, 801 Thompson Avenue, Ste. 400 - Rockville, MD 20852


text: Waze: Outsmarting Traffic by Lindsay Carreiro // June 18, 2014 // No Comments I hardly post about technology on here and usually if I do it comes in pink. Well for awhile now I have been noticing how great the GPS app that I use on my iphone is becoming. Everytime I use... Continue reading →


text:
Nov. 20, 2008
NORTHRIDGE, Calif. - After a successful weekend at the UC Irvine Fall Invitational, Cal State Northridge plays its second and final tournament of the fall this weekend as the Matadors travel to UCLA for a trio of matches.
Northridge's first match will be Friday, Nov. 21 against UC Santa Barbara at 4 p.m. On Saturday, Nov. 22, the Matadors will take on Long Beach State at 10 a.m. followed by a 3 p.m. match against the host UCLA Bruins.
The Matadors will travel a 13-man squad to UCLA this weekend.
Last weekend at UC Irvine, Northridge defeated UC San Diego and Stanford and lost to UC Irvine in five sets.
The full tournament schedule this weekend is as follows:
Friday, Nov. 21
UCLA vs. Long Beach State, 4 p.m. UC Santa Barbara vs. Northridge, 4 p.m.
Saturday, Nov. 22
UCLA vs. UC Santa Barbara, 10 a.m. Northridge vs. Long Beach State, 10 a.m. UCLA vs. Northridge, 3 p.m. Long Beach State vs. UC Santa Barbara, 3 p.m.


text:
Discussion in 'Italy: National Teams' started by toronto_soccer, Feb 3, 2013.
should be a great game. i'm expecting to see a mainly experimental squad though.
Gk: Buffon (Juventus), De Sanctis (Napoli), Marchetti (Lazio), Sirigu (Paris St. Germain);
D: Abate (Milan), Astori (Cagliari), Barzagli (Juventus), Gastaldello (Sampdoria), Peluso (Juventus), Ranocchia (Inter), Santon (Newcastle);
M: Candreva (Lazio), De Rossi (Roma), Diamanti (Bologna), Florenzi (Roma), Giaccherini (Juventus), Montolivo (Milan), Nocerino (Milan), Pirlo (Juventus), Verratti (Pars St. Germain);
F: Balotelli (Milan), El Shaarawy (Milan), Gilardino (Bologna), Giovinco (Juventus), Osvaldo (Roma)
when is it?
it's on wednesday.
I really want to see Santon fulfill his potential one of these days. He could be incredibly useful in 2014 if he is in form.
im a juve man and i think gio needs to step it up big time. He is always a step away from being a great player. And Peluso doesnt deserve the national team, he sucks. Santon needs to be a starter on the left.
Giovinco sucks
Insigne is the future.
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.. afterwards, he created Italian soccer and politics and the two have been embroiled together ever since.
Italy XI v Holland: Buffon; Abate, Barzagli, Astori, Santon; De Rossi, Pirlo, Montolivo; Candreva [or Diamanti], Balotelli, El Shaarawy.
looks like prandelli is going strong for this one. I guess he's trying to prepare for WCQ and confed cup in the next few months
Would like to see Verratti feature in this one too!!
totally agree.
he was labeled as the next maldini when he was a teenager. imagine that.
Any idea where I can watch this online with decent quality? Been having satellite issues recently and don't want to miss this!
I remember his first senior match and thinking he was going to be a pillar on the national team. Talented, versatile, big, etc...
Try thefirstrow.eu but hard to tell when game time comes, it's hit/miss.
Then Inter ruined him ... next year when he comes to Milan, he'll get back on track
That lineup has huge potential if Santon and Abate can give the team width. Balotelli and SES would have space to destroy. I'm a little worried about the defense and coverage in the midfield. DeRossi will have to do a lot of hard work.
I personally would love to see Candreva get more of a shot. He's been stellar at Lazio and he's younger and more consistent than Diamanti.
I would love to see Insigne on the team. Napoli strangely only play him like 30 min a game but he's always making things happen and scoring when he is on the pitch. Can't believe they start that stiff Pandev but it must be some tactical BS.
they need to switch to a back 3...
What do you guys think of Prandelli starting Candreva over Diamanti?
I really like the way this young Italy team is starting to look.
Even with Chiellni and Marchisio out still a strong squad!
Both are industrial. Diamanti more creative, maybe good for a second half forward push!
Post your streams. Here's one so far:
WatchESPN is showing the match aren't they?
In North America the match is only shown Live on ESPN Deportes in the US and Sportsnet World in Canada.
on espn3.com it says its showing on the online feed they have as well
Separate names with a comma.


text:
The Roland Backpack-style Gig Bag (Black) is a custom-fit bag designed to carry a Roland AX-Synth remote keyboard. It has a padded interior for extra protection. The bag has 3 large exterior pockets for cables, headphones or wireless unit. It is carried by 2 handles or hide-away backpack straps.
- Construction
- Polyester and polyethylene resin exterior
- Padded interior for extra protection
- Zipper closure
- Three large exterior pockets for cables, headphones or wireless unit
- Embroidered AX-Synth logo
- Carrying options
- Two carry handles
- Hide-away backpack straps
- Compatible with Roland AX-Synth remote keyboard


text:
August 2, 2015
Currently: 84° — Complete forecast |
Log in | Create an account
Miguel Cotto, of Puerto Rico, reacts after winning a WBC World Middleweight Title boxing match against Sergio Martinez, of Argentina, Sunday, June 8, 2014, in New York. Cotto won by technical knockout after the ninth round. (AP Photo/Frank Franklin II)
© Las Vegas Sun, 2015, All Rights Reserved


text:
Full name Everton Football Club
Nickname(s) The Toffees, The Blues, The School of Science, The People's Club
Ground Goodison Park
League Premier League
Who do you support? Tell Paddy Power who your favourite team is and we'll give you the most popular markets and prices for upcoming matches as well as recent results and key stats.
Today's In-Play Betting
Selections Odds Stake E/W
Total stake: 0
Potential returns:
Everton Betting-
Another Champions League challenge or 'second-season syndrome' for Everton's new manager?
After years of solid top 8 performances, 2013/14 was a terrific season for Everton. Under new manager Roberto Martinez, the Toffees registered their highest ever points total in the Premier League and won more league matches since they were champions in 1987. Without lots of cash to splash Everton will hope they can once again sustain a European challenge on a limited budget.


text:
Two Washington, D.C., men pleaded guilty this week to robbery, gun and carjacking charges stemming from an October 2012 armored truck heist in Takoma Park after which a man was shot in the face.
According to their plea agreements, Tonnie Floyd, 22, Marcellus Ramone Freeman, 23, and a third man used a stolen Jeep to follow an armored truck to a Cricket store in the 1300 Block of University Boulevard East in Takoma Park at about 4:10 p.m. on Oct. 26.
The third defendant, Anthony Tyrell Cannon, 25, also of the District, has not made a plea agreement and is scheduled to go to trial Sept. 2.
The truck, operated by Garda Cash Logistics, stopped at the store and an employee went inside to pick up a bag of money containing $3,911. When he returned to the truck, the employee was confronted by two of the defendants, who were holding guns, according to the plea agreement.
After the Garda employee dropped the bag, one defendant began firing. The employee shot back, continuing to fire at the Jeep after the defendants drove away in the Jeep, striking a tire and the back window. Floyd was hit in the shoulder during the gunfire, according to the plea agreement. It was not clear from court records which defendant was firing at any given time.
The three defendants then ditched the Jeep, which now had a flat tire, in a nearby neighborhood. They saw a man entering a vehicle and shot him in the face, causing permanent and life-threatening bodily injury.
The three defendants then drove the man's car into the District and set the vehicle on fire, according to the plea agreement.
Police used DNA and fingerprint evidence to link Floyd and Freeman to the crime, according to their plea agreements.
Floyd pleaded guilty in U.S. District Court in Greenbelt to robbery, discharging a gun during a robbery, and carjacking Friday; Freemen pleaded guilty to the same charges on Aug. 11.
The men are scheduled to be sentenced Nov. 25 and Dec. 11, respectively.
Each faces the possibility of life in prison, but prosecutors have agreed to ask the court for no more than 30 years for Freeman and 27.5 years for Floyd as part of the plea agreements, according to the U.S. Attorney's office.


text:
Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by Anonymous on 08/18/2012
My wife and I had the Pre fixe menu at Old Fulton "thanks Livingsocial". We eat at the bar,thank god because the bartender was great but the waitress couldn't even tell us about the wine that came with our dinner. We ask if it was dry and she told us its very nice everyone likes it. The pasta was good and we liked the mussels, but my steak and mushrooms came with mashed potatoes from a box. If that's the only way you can serve mashed potatoes at your restaurant then just don't serve mashed potatoes. I really don't understand how a chef could let a plate leave his kitchen with fake potatoes. Call Gordon Ramsey this kitchen needs help.
Posted by Food lover on 07/21/2012
Day was going great until we went here for lunch. Sat outside because it was a gorgeous day and the outdoor area was quaint looking. Took 45 mins for our order to come. And then the food was meh! Scallops were overcooked and there were only 4 small ones. The busboys were hardworking and attentive but the waiters and waitresses couldn't be bothered. You're better off getting something from one of the stands on the pier.
Posted by Anonymous on 05/19/2012
We took our one year old daughter to DUMBO on a beautiful Sunday. Took the ferry over and went to the carousel. It was a perfect day until we had lunch at 7 Old Fulton. The ambience is wonderful! They have a lovely patio which would be very romantic on a summer evening. The staff was great! Very accommodating with a highchair and shaded table for our toddler. The problem was the food. The quality was great but the quantity was poor! We got two sandwiches....chicken & vegetables and prosciutto & mozzarella. They arrived on a homemade ciabatta. The amount of ingredients to fill the sandwich was so sparse that it was comical....think of an airport sandwich where there is a small piece of chicken lost in a giant roll. The sandwiches were only $7, but we felt so cheated. It wasn't what we expected when we sat down at this gorgeous restaurant. I beg that the owners see this and act immediately. My husband and I both agreed that if they drastically improve the filling size of the sandwiches (can't speak for the rest of the menu) that they could become a great restaurant...a place that people talk about and journey to....a destination. They have got it almost right. The place looks great! The menu reads very well. The food quality is dead on. Please just fix the filling to bread ratio in the sandwiches and where ever else the dishes may be skimpy. The best of luck!


text:
Saskatoon RSS
TSX up despite lower oil, gold prices; AutoCanada shares continue to rally
Toronto's main stock market index is clawing its way higher in early afternoon trading Wednesday, despite a sharp drop in oil prices and slightly lower gold prices. Oil futures are currently down about $1.75 US a barrel in New York … Continue reading
Avis Budget Group to acquire Edmonton licensee for $30 million US
U.S. car rental giant Avis Budget Group (Nasdaq:CAR) says it has agreed to purchase its existing Edmonton-based Budget Car & Truck Rental licensee for $30 million US, plus the cost of the acquired fleet. The deal includes 26 Budget locations … Continue reading
WHL round-up: Edmonton Oil Kings blank visiting Seattle Thunderbirds
WHL round-up of games Saturday, Jan.4 (The Canadian Press) Edmonton Oil Kings 7 Seattle Thunderbirds 0 EDMONTON — Tristan Jarry stopped 22 shots and Henrik Samuelsson had five assists as the Oil Kings blanked Seattle for their third win in … Continue reading
Pink reschedules two U.S. shows, put on "vocal rest" before Canadian dates
Pop star Pink was forced to reschedule two of this week's U.S. dates so she can rest her vocals. She postponed gigs in Salt Lake City, Utah (Oct. 17) and Denver, Colorado (Oct. 18) so she could get four days … Continue reading
Kevin Martin in final of Direct Horizontal Drilling Fall Classic
After playing three four-end games in his first four contests, Kevin Martin had to go to an extra end to edge Tom Appelman 5-4 Monday morning and advance to the final of the Direct Horizontal Drilling Fall Classic at the … Continue reading
Drake delays Edmonton show to December
Like the release of his album, hip-hop/R&B star Drake is pushing back the date of his Sept. 30 show at Rexall Place. The former Degrassi actor, and current obsession of Amanda Bynes, will now perform Sunday, Dec. 1, with rapper … Continue reading
Do I need to wash fresh berries from my garden?
Question: Do I need to wash fresh berries from my garden? Answer: Yes, you do. While we've all pinched a berry from a backyard raspberry bush without a rinse, it's best to wash berries before using them. They're outside in … Continue reading
2013 WHL bantam draft tracker
The top two picks in Thursday's WHL bantam draft hail from Edmonton and its surrounding communities. Tyler Benson and Sam Steel were taken with the first and second selections of the annual draft, by the Vancouver Giants and the Regina … Continue reading
Kevin Martin wins classic showdown in Alberta men's curling championship final
"Edmonton Brier." With those two words, Kevin Martin let everyone at the Leduc Recreation Centre know what winning his 12th Alberta men's curling championship on Sunday meant to him. "I've never had the chance to do one of those," Martin … Continue reading