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Synthetic gemstones having extraordinary brilliance and hardness are formed from large single crystals of relatively low impurity, translucent silicon carbide of a single polytype that are grown in a furnace sublimation system. The crystals are cut into rough gemstones that are thereafter fashioned into finished gemstones. A wide range of colors and shades is available by selective doping of the crystal during growth. A colorless gemstone is produced by growing the crystal undoped in a system substantially free of unwanted impurity atoms.
1. A finished synthetic silicon carbide gemstone comprising a single crystal of synthetic silicon carbide having facets polished to a degree sufficient to permit the introduction of light into the gemstone for internal reflection from inside the gemstone.
2. The finished synthetic silicon carbide gemstone of claim 1 wherein the synthetic silicon carbide has a crystalline structure selected from the group consisting of 6H SiC and 4H SiC.
3. A simulated diamond gemstone comprising a single crystal of colorless, synthetic silicon carbide having facets polished to a degree sufficient to permit the introduction of light into the gemstone for internal reflection from inside the gemstone.
4. The simulated diamond gemstone of claim 3 wherein said facets are characteristic of a diamond cut.
5. The simulated diamond gemstone of claim 4 wherein said diamond cut is a round brilliant cut.
6. The simulated diamond gemstone of claim 3 wherein the synthetic silicon carbide has a crystalline structure selected from the group consisting of 6H SiC and 4H SiC.
7. The simulated diamond gemstone of claim 6 wherein the colorless synthetic silicon carbide crystal is intrinsic silicon carbide.
8. A finished synthetic silicon carbide gemstone having a color comprising a single crystal of synthetic silicon carbide containing dopant atoms at a concentration sufficient to produce a visibly discernable color, said gemstone having facets polished to a degree sufficient to permit the introduction of light into the gemstone for internal reflection from inside the gemstone.
9. The finished synthetic silicon carbide gemstone of claim 8 having color, crystalline structure and doping characteristics selected from the group consisting of:
______________________________________ Crystalline DopingColor Structure Characteristics______________________________________Blue 6H SiC Al-dopedPurple 6H SiC High Al-dopedPurple 24R SiC N-dopedGreen 6H SiC N-dopedYellow 3C SiC UndopedYellow-Green 3C SiC N-dopedRed 27R SiC N-dopedLight Brown 4H SiC Low N-dopedYellow-Orange 8H SiC N-doped.______________________________________
10. The finished synthetic silicon carbide gemstone of claim 8 wherein said dopant atoms are present in the crystal of synthetic silicon carbide at a concentration in the range from about 1015 to 1019 carrier atoms per cubic centimeter.
11. The finished synthetic silicon carbide gemstone of claim 9 wherein said dopant atoms are present in the crystal of synthetic silicon carbide at a concentration in the range from about 1015 to 1019 carrier atoms per cubic centimeter.
12. The finished synthetic silicon carbide gemstone of claim 8 wherein the synthetic silicon carbide has a crystalline structure selected from the group consisting of 6H SiC and 4H SiC.
13. A simulated diamond gemstone comprising a single crystal of colorless, synthetic silicon carbide having facets polished to a degree of smoothness characteristic of finished diamond gemstones.
14. The simulated diamond gemstone of claim 13 wherein said facets are characteristic of a diamond cut.
15. The simulated diamond gemstone of claim 14 wherein said diamond cut is a round brilliant cut.
16. The simulated diamond gemstone of claim 13 wherein the synthetic silicon carbide has a crystalline structure selected from the group consisting of 6H SiC and 4H SiC.
17. The simulated diamond gemstone of claim 16 wherein the colorless synthetic silicon carbide crystal is intrinsic silicon carbide.
This is a division of application Ser. No. 08/521,635, filed Aug. 31, 1995.
The invention relates to synthetic gemstones. More particularly, the invention relates to synthetic gemstones formed of translucent, monocrystalline silicon carbide.
Gemstones Generally:
There are a limited number of elements and chemical compounds that have the physical characteristics to be useful as gemstones. The physical characteristics that are generally accepted as being most important are hardness, refractive index and color, although thermal stability, chemical stability and toughness are also considered important in many gemstone applications.
To date, the only chemical substances technically considered precious stones are diamond (single crystalline carbon) and corundum (sapphire and ruby single crystalline aluminum oxide!) because their hardness when measured on the Mohs scale is approximately 9 or higher. The Mobs system is a scale for ranking hardness of a mineral with diamond being the hardest at 10, sapphire at 9, topaz 8 down to the softest mineral, talc, which is 1. Emerald, because it is rare, is accepted as a precious stone even though its hardness is 7.5 while other gems, such as chrysoberyl, topaz and garnet, are usually classified as semiprecious stones because of their lower hardness. Hardness has practical value in that it defines the ability of a gemstone to resist scratching.
Refractive index is important because it defines the ability of a gemstone to refract light. When materials with a high refractive index are fashioned into finished gemstones they sparkle and appear brilliant when exposed to light. The characteristic sparkle of a diamond is due mainly to its high refractive index.
The color of a gemstone is determined by a variety of factors, from the impurity atoms that are available to be incorporated into the crystal lattice to the physical and electronic structure of the crystal itself. A ruby, for instance, is simply a sapphire crystal (aluminum oxide) that contains a small concentration of chromium impurity atoms.
The thermal and chemical stability of a gemstone can be important during the process of mounting stones into jewelry. In general, it is beneficial if stones can be heated to high temperatures without changing color or reacting with ambient gases (that mar the surface finish).
The toughness of a gemstone relates to the ability of the gemstone to absorb energy without breaking, chipping or cracking. A gemstone must be able to withstand those impact forces normally encountered during a lifetime of use mounted on a ring or other jewelry item.
Hardness, refractive index, color, thermal/chemical stability and toughness are all characteristics that, in combination, determine the usefulness of a material as a gemstone.
Synthetic Diamond Gemstones:
Dating from the 1960s, an effort to produce gem-quality synthetic diamonds was pursued by General Electric Company as evidenced by numerous patents, including U.S. Pat. No. 4,042,673. These efforts centered around the use of very high pressure/high temperature environments for growth of monocrystalline diamonds on seed crystals. Gem-quality synthetic diamonds generally have not gained commercial acceptance.
Synthetic Silicon Carbide Used As Abrasives And Semiconductor Materials:
Silicon carbide is rarely found in nature. However, it has been manufactured for more than eighty years, in crystalline form, for abrasive products. Silicon carbide crystals found in nature and in abrasive products are black and not translucent because they contain substantial levels of impurity atoms.
During the 1960s and 1970s, significant development activities were initiated with the objective of growing large (bulk) crystals of low impurity silicon carbide for use in the production of semiconductor devices. These efforts finally resulted in the commercial availability of relatively low impurity, translucent silicon carbide crystals in 1990. These silicon carbide crystals are only fabricated and marketed as very thin, green or blue (175 um-400 um) slices useful for semiconductor devices.
Silicon carbide has a very high hardness (8.5-9.25 Mohs depending on the polytype atomic arrangement! and crystallographic direction)and a high refractive index (2.5-2.71 depending on the polytype). Furthermore, silicon carbide is a very tough material and an extremely stable material that can be heated to more than 2000� F., in air, without suffering damage.
Silicon carbide is a complex material system that forms more than 150 different polytypes, each having different physical and electronic properties. The different polytypes can be classified in three basic forms, cubic, rhombohedral and hexagonal. Both the rhombohedral and hexagonal forms can occur in a number of different atomic arrangements that vary according to atomic stacking sequence.
The present invention, in one broad aspect, is the discovery that relatively low impurity, translucent, single crystal silicon carbide--presently used as the material for fabrication of very thin semiconductor devices--may be grown with desired color and thereafter cut, faceted and polished into synthetic finished gemstones having (i) a hardness approaching that of diamond, (ii) excellent toughness, (iii) excellent thermal/chemical stability, and (iv) a high refractive index that renders the silicon carbide gemstone as brilliant, if not more brilliant, than diamond. According to this aspect of the invention, a single crystal of silicon carbide, preferably of consistent color, is grown by an appropriate technique such as the sublimation technique disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. Re. 34,861. Instead of slicing the large crystal into many thin slices, the crystals serve as boules that are cut into rough synthetic gemstones having a weight on the order of, for example, 1/4 to 5 carats. The rough gemstones thereafter are fashioned into finished synthetic silicon carbide gemstones. The faceting and polishing techniques are derived from those techniques currently used in connection with the faceting and polishing of colored gemstones such as rubies and sapphire, incorporating certain procedures utilized in connection with diamonds.
As mentioned above, preferably the single crystals of silicon carbide are grown under the same or similar conditions that are used to produce crystals having the low impurity levels necessary for semiconductor applications, with it being appreciated, of course, that higher impurity levels may be permissible within accepted ranges consistent with the need for materials having suitable translucence and other optical properties for gemstone use.
Silicon carbide crystals can be grown in a wide range of colors (including green, blue, red, purple, yellow, and black) and shades within each color by the appropriate selection of dopants (e.g., nitrogen and aluminum) and by varying the net doping densities (concentrations). Undoped silicon carbide crystals in the hexagonal or rhombohedral forms are colorless and meet, or exceed, the brilliance of diamond.
Rough silicon carbide gemstones are cut from large single crystals and then fashioned into finished gemstones by a combination of techniques currently employed in connection with conventional colored gemstones and diamonds. The hardness and toughness of silicon carbide permit the stones to be faceted with very sharp edges, thus enhancing the overall appearance and brilliance of the stones.
Some of the objects having been stated, other objects will appear as the description proceeds, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which--
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of a boule comprising a large single crystal of one polytype of silicon carbide.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged pictorial view of a rough synthetic gemstone cut from the single crystal of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged pictorial view of a finished synthetic silicon carbide gemstone fashioned from the rough stone of FIG. 2.
While the present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which aspects of the preferred manner of practicing the present invention are shown, it is to be understood at the outset of the description which follows that persons of skill in the appropriate arts may modify the invention herein described while still achieving the favorable results of this invention. Accordingly, the description which follows is to be understood as being a broad, teaching disclosure directed to persons of skill in the appropriate arts, and not as limiting upon the present invention.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a "boule" comprising a large single crystal 11 of silicon carbide that weighs approximately 716 carats and from which approximately 105 five carat rough synthetic gemstones (FIG. 2) may be cut. Each five carat rough gemstone, when fashioned into a finished gemstone, will yield an approximate sized gemstone on the order of two carats. Crystal 11 is substantially cylindrical and measures approximately 44 mm high and 40 mm in diameter. In the preferred manner of practicing the invention, crystal 11 is formed of a single polytype, for example, a hexagonal form such as 6H SiC, and has a low enough impurity level to render the crystal sufficiently translucent for use as a gemstone.
Crystal 11 is grown by an appropriate sublimation or deposition or other growth technique used to grow large (bulk) silicon carbide single crystals, with the preferred method being sublimation growth on a seed crystal. According to this preferred technique, crystal 11 is grown by introducing a polished monocrystalline seed crystal of silicon carbide of a desired polytype into the furnace of a sublimation system along with silicon and carbon containing source gas or powder (source material). The source material is heated to a temperature that causes the source material to create a vapor flux that deposits vaporized Si, Si2 C, and SiC2 to the growth surface of the seed crystal. The reproducible growth of a single selected polytype on the seed crystal is achieved by maintaining a constant flux of Si, Si2 C and SiC2, and by controlling the thermal gradient between the source material and the seed crystal.
Crystals grown by sublimation techniques have been used as a material from which very thin slices are taken for use in the production of semiconductor devices. These slices (175 um-400 um) have been green or blue, like the crystal, with the color (and desired electrical properties) achieved by intentionally doping with selected dopants at selected concentrations during the growth process.
Undoped (intrinsic) silicon carbide has not been grown commercially. The extremely low electrical conductivity of undoped silicon carbide would give it no practical value in the fabrication of semiconductor products. However, it has been found that because the hexagonal and rhombohedral polytypes of silicon carbide have wide energy band gaps (>2.7 electron volts) if they are grown undoped (or, equivalently, with a very low level of impurity atoms) the crystals will be colorless. In order to grow undoped, colorless silicon carbide single crystals, the crystal growth system is maintained substantially free of unwanted gaseous or vaporized impurity atoms that would result in unintentional doping of the crystal as it grows utilizing low pressure bake-out techniques as are well known in the art. Preferred polytypes for colorless silicon carbide gemstones are 6H and 4H SiC. The seed for initiating growth of the single crystal for such gemstones is the seed having the same polytype, 6H or 4H SiC respectively.
To create crystals of hexagonal silicon carbide having different colors, one must intentionally add specific impurity atoms. The cubic or 3C form of silicon carbide, because of its more narrow energy band gap, will appear yellow when undoped with impurity atoms. Since a large number of different atomic arrangements of silicon carbide exist (any of which can be doped with a number of different dopants in various combinations and concentrations) it is possible to produce gemstones in a wide range of colors and shades. With the 6H polytype, the dopants commonly used are nitrogen (n type) and aluminum (p type) in concentrations typically ranging from a low range on the order of 1015 carrier atoms per cubic centimeter to a high range on the order of 1019 carrier atoms per cubic centimeter. Other dopants such as boron may be used at concentrations sufficient to achieve desired colors and shades. The table below gives various atomic arrangements and dopants that produce several representative basic colors.
______________________________________Colorless 6H SiC UndopedColorless 4H SiC UndopedBlue 6H SiC Al-dopedPurple 6H SiC High Al-dopedPurple 24R SiC N-dopedGreen 6H SiC N-dopedYellow 3C SiC UndopedYellow-Green 3C SiC N-dopedRed 27R SiC N-dopedLight Brown 4H SiC Low N-dopedYellow-Orange 8H SiC N-doped______________________________________
Although the above combinations yield a wide variety of colors, all of the crystals have two very important characteristics in common, (1) high hardness and (2) high refractive index. The hardness and refractive index of silicon carbide are compared with other gemstone materials, along with a comparison of density:
______________________________________ Mohs Refractive Density Hardness Index (SG)______________________________________Emerald 7.5 1.59 2.5Corundum (sap & ruby) 9 1.77 3.9Diamond 10 2.42 3.5Silicon Carbide (6H) 9 2.69 3.2Silicon Carbide (4H) 9 2.71 3.2Cubic Zirconia 7.5 1.98 4.7______________________________________
As illustrated by the table above, silicon carbide, when produced in certain atomic arrangements with the controlled introduction of specific dopant atoms, is an excellent colored gemstone material that has physical characteristics comparing favorably with, or exceeding, those of corundum and emerald. In its undoped hexagonal and rhombohedral forms, silicon carbide is the best known candidate to replicate the characteristics of diamond.
Referring back to the drawings, the silicon carbide crystal 11 (FIG. 1) of perhaps 716 carats is cut into multiple rough synthetic gemstones 12 (one shown in FIG. 2) having a selected weight, for example, five carats. The rough gemstone 12 preferably has a cubic or approximately cubic shape. In order to produce a finished gemstone as illustrated in FIG. 3, it has been found desirable to fashion the rough gemstone 12 into a finished gemstone according to a novel process that is best suited to taking advantage of the physical characteristics of silicon carbide. This process incorporates faceting techniques that result in precise angles and very sharp edges to take full advantage of the toughness and hardness of the silicon carbide material, while incorporating other techniques more similar to those used on colored stones. A more complete description of the fashioning process will be set forth below following a brief discussion of fashioning, in general, and certain aspects of fashioning colored gemstones such as rubies, sapphires and emeralds.
Gemstone fashioning includes four techniques: faceting, tumbling, cabbing and carving. Faceting produces flat faces (facets) on gems of many different shapes. Transparent and highly translucent gems are normally faceted. Less translucent and opaque materials are usually tumbled, cabbed or carved because the optical properties associated with faceting depend on light reflecting from inside the stone.
A gem's shape is its outline face up, the position in which it is meant to be seen when it is mounted. Shapes other than round are called fancy. Some popular fancy shapes include the well-known emerald cut, cushion, antique cushion, oval, pear, and marquis. Colored stones (and diamonds over three carats) are generally cut into fancy shapes because a lapidary can keep more weight of the original gemstone by utilizing a fancy shape, thus improving the weight yield.
The precise, standardized faceting seen in diamonds is rare in colored stones. One reason is the inability of some colored stones, because of their lower hardness and toughness, to be faceted into sharp angles without breaking or chipping. Another is the difference in what professionals and consumers expect of diamonds versus other stones. "Oriental or native cut" are terms used to describe faceted gems which have distorted shapes and irregularly placed facets and are more common on colored stones. The jewelry industry accepts not perfected faceted colored stones. Most colored stones are faceted just enough to let the light in.
Most faceted gems have three main parts: crown, girdle, and pavilion. The crown is the top part, the girdle is the narrow section that forms the boundary between the crown and pavilion; it is the gem's setting edge. The pavilion is the bottom. Colored stones usually have facets on the pavilion and crown.
The colored gemstone faceter begins by grinding the rough colored gemstone into the approximate shape and dimensions of the finished stone. This is called preforming. Preforming takes a coarse abrasive. Diamond grit embedded in a nickel-plated copper disc is the best choice for preforming very hard colored stones (corundum, chrysoberyl, spinel and silicon carbide).
Water is the wetting agent in preforming and the rest of the faceting sequence. Lapidaries use various arrangements to keep the wheels wet. Preforming roughs in the girdle outline and the general profile of the crown and pavilion, leaving a frosted surface all around the stone. Before grinding in the facets, the lapidary needs to mount the colored stone on a dopstick. The procedure is called dopping. The stone is gently heated, then brought up against the end of the dop, which has been dipped into melted dopping wax. Once the preform has set in position, it is set aside to cool.
The facets of the colored stone are ground and polished on horizontally spinning wheels called laps. Lapidaries use a series of cutting laps with progressively finer grit to grind in the facets, gradually smoothing out their surfaces. Then they do final polishing on a special polishing lap.
Polishing laps are made from a variety of materials. The polishing agents with which these are charged are very finely ground powders, including diamond, corundum, cerium oxide, and tin oxide. To cut and polish consistently at the same desired angles, the faceter attaches the dopstick to a device that holds the stone in position as it meets the lap. The traditional setup used in many colored stone shops is the jamb peg. This has a block mounted on a vertical post. The dopstick fits into one of a series of holes on the side of the block. The position of each hole sets a specific angle (from the girdle plane) at which the facet is cut. Turning the dopstick in the hole places all the facets of a given type at the same angle in their circuit around the stone.
Because the beauty of most diamonds depends on sparkle, brilliance, and fire (not color), diamond cutters must carefully control the cutting factors that affect these characteristics. It is very difficult to put diamond cuts on colored gemstones.
Because the refractive index of silicon carbide is greater than that of diamond and colored stones, according to the present invention the silicon carbide gemstone is fashioned with precision diamond cuts using diamond hand tools known as tangs. Tangs allow the cutter to set and adjust the angle of the facet, something the cutter is unable to do with colored stone hand tools which are preset. It is the precision of the diamond hand tools, tangs, that enables the cutter to use the angles and proportions of a diamond, resulting in "sharp edges" on the silicon carbide gemstones of the invention. However, because silicon carbide is not as hard as diamond, traditional colored stone lap wheels are used in the faceting process at rotational speeds less than those speeds typically used for diamond wheels, i.e., less than 3000 RPM, and preferably at rotational speeds on the order of 300 RPM.
Turning to a more particular description of the silicon carbide fashioning technique of the invention, the silicon carbide rough gemstone is mounted on a dopstick and secured within the top tang. The edge Girdle is cut first on the grinding wheel. This determines the shape of the stone.
The Table, the flat top which is the biggest facet on the whole stone, is cut next also using the table tang. The Table is then polished using a four-step process of laps (disks, wheels or sciaves) progressing from rough to smooth grit sizes. Polishing may begin with 600 a grit lap moving to 1200 grit, then to 3000 grit and ending with a ceramic disk having an effective grit size of 0.5 to 1 micron, which is the smoothest.
The dop is then transferred to a top tang to cut the top side and make the Crosswork which consists of 4 Basics (facets). Then the dop is transferred to a bottom tang and the bottom side is cut into the Crosswork which consists of 4 Basics (facets). At this time, the stone is examined by visual inspection to determine its precision. After this inspection, the 4 lap polishing process outlined for the Table is repeated for the Basics.
The dop is transferred to the top tang and the top side Star facets--there are 8 of these cut along with the Upper Girdle Facets (16 facets), The dop is transferred to the bottom tang and Lower Girdle Facets (16 facets) are cut. The 4 lap polishing process outlined for the Table and Basics is repeated for the remaining Girdle facets. The rough is now a faceted and polished round brilliant gemstone 13 as shown in FIG. 3.
While the invention has been described in connection with certain illustrated embodiments, it will he appreciated that modifications may he made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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DANBURY, NC — The Stokes County Health Department Thursday could not confirm a case of Rockey Mountain Spotted Fever in Walnut Cove.
Emily Tilley, owner of Emily's Closet on Main Street, says her physician diagnosed her with the disease in April and that an infectious disease specialist in Winston-Salem confirmed the diagnosis with a positive test.
According to Stokes County Health Director Scott Lenhart, the County needs to test Tilley to confirm the case. Now that her doctor has already put her on antibiotics, the case can't be confirmed.
"That's what happens. They don't get tested [here]. So we really don't know. Right now in Stokes County we have no confirmed cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever," Lenhart said.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is a bacterial infection that can cause fatigue, muscle cramps, and fever. It's named for a rash that sometimes breaks out on the skin. It can be fatal if not treated.
The disease comes from different kinds of ticks, but the main carrier in North Carolina is the dog tick.
One thing Lenhart could confirm is that ticks are out in force this spring.
"Prevention is best. Insect repellant, the proper clothing, covering up, that's the best," Lenhart said.
According to Lenhart, Stokes County had two cases of RMSF all last year

subset: commoncrawl


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The Literature of Liberation
A selection of the finest revolutionary classics including Thomas Paine, Karl Marx, Mary Wollstonecr
A selection of the finest revolutionary classics including Thomas Paine, Karl Marx, Mary Wollstonecr
by John Ridpath Published
Agreements of the People
The Levellers (1647-49)
In this revolutionary series of pamphlets, the Levellers –
a parliamentarian faction during the English Civil War – argued for religious tolerance, criminal justice reforms and universal male suffrage. In the end, more modest proposals were adopted by the Commonwealth, and it was not until 1918 that men from all social backgrounds were given the vote.
Social Contract
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1762)
Rousseau began working on this treatise in 1743, while private secretary to a French ambassador. He was unchallenged and ill-paid, and it was perhaps here that he first felt the injustice conveyed in that famed opening sentence: "Man was born free, and everywhere he is in chains."
Rights of Man
Thomas Paine (1791-92)
Responding to Edmund Burke's sensational attack on the French Revolution, Paine recast the storming
of the Bastille as an assault upon despotism. "Hereditary governments are verging to their decline," cheered this veteran of America's struggle for independence, "revolutions . . . are making their way in Europe."
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Mary Wollstonecraft (1792)
In savaging the social construction of gender, Wollstonecraft challenged the compliance of her "weak and wretched" sex just as much as male dominance. Though well-respected among intellectuals at the time, The Rights of Woman lost favour when details of the author's unconventional private life emerged.
Political Justice
William Godwin (1793)
Godwin, the founding father of anarchism, predicted the end of government, proposed that education replace criminal punishment and denounced marriage as "the worst of monopolies". But after his affair with Mary Wollstonecraft led to a pregnancy, the couple married in 1797, much to the surprise of their acquaintances.
The Civil War in France
Karl Marx (1871)
For two brief months in 1871, Parisian socialists and republicans established a proletarian dictatorship known as the Paris Commune. Despite its swift and bloody end, Marx celebrated the experiment as "the glorious harbinger of a new society".
Ten Days That Shook the World
John Reed (1919)
The American journalist John Reed travelled to Russia in 1917, excited by the growing political ferment. In Petrograd he experienced the October Revolution at first hand, and hastily wrote this gripping eyewitness account of what happened during his journey.
Living My Life
Emma Goldman (1931)
The anarchist Emma Goldman campaigned for birth control and free love well before the sexual revolution. But when deported from America to the USSR on the "Red Ark" with other communist sympathisers, Goldman quickly became disillusioned with the Bolshevik Revolution and the realities of the Soviet state.
Homage to Catalonia
George Orwell (1938)
"Someone has to kill the fascists," Orwell is reputed to have said before he went to fight in the Spanish Civil War. After the bitter socialist infighting of the Barcelona May Days, he came to see himself as an anti-communist revolutionary socialist. Shot in the neck during trench warfare, Orwell returned to England to complete this breathtaking work.
Our Word Is Our Weapon
Subcomandante Marcos (2001)
Masked by a balaclava, the "faceless face" of Subcomandante Marcos, enigmatic leader of the Mexican Zapatista guerrillas, represents the group's struggle against neoliberalism. Our Word is Our Weapon is a stirring mixture of political essays, magical realism, and imagined conversations between Marcos and a beetle called Durito.
John Ridpath


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Windows 8 Media Center not only lets customers watch live TV but it also adds enhanced features for viewing pictures as well as watching video content
Microsoft has kicked of its Windows 8 launch with a special offer where the company will be offering Windows 8 Pro with Media Center included for free.
To try and compete with third-party developers who are building media software for Windows 8 the company will be selling a license for Media Center separately however for a limited time punters can get hold of the add-on for absolutely free.
The company launched its new operating system yesterday evening with customers now able to download or go and buy Windows 8 for PC or tablet.
Pricing for Windows 8 in the UK starts at £14.99 for those who are part of the eligable Windows 8 upgrade offer while those who want to take advantage of the free Media Center offer will need to grab a copy of Windows 8 Pro which is selling for £49.99.
The company also launched its Microsoft Surface tablet, the first new piece of hardware from Microsoft since the Xbox 360. Running a tablet-optomised version of the OS, Windows RT, the Surface will run all Windows 8 apps but is unable to run previous generation software.
As a way of making up for that Microsoft is throwing in a special touch-optomised version of Office Home & Student 2013 RT Preview for free.


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International Delivery
Send a patriotic and peaceful tribute to a beloved veteran with this truly original red, white and blue arrangement of roses, snapdragons, delphinium, carnations and more. Elegantly arranged by our florists in a classic vase to send your condolences to the home or the service.
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promotions from 1-800-FLOWERS.COM


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The Blog
Getting It Done
8:34 AM, Feb 9, 2013 • By GEOFFREY NORMAN
The relationship between lobbyists and legislators is a delicate subject and cloaked in language that is meant to obscure and confuse. But the lobbyist is always looking to get something for his client and sweet reason is not necessarily sufficient to make the case. There are legislators who require a little more. But the conventions – and in some cases, the law – put limits on just how far a lobbyist can go. So things are done clandestinely. That, anyway, is what many people suspect.
So the openness – not to say, brazenness – of a Florida lobbyist is almost refreshing. According to the Tampa Tribune, a lobbyist named Dave Ramba, reserved "a private room at Shula's 347 Grill ... arguably the swankiest venue in Tallahassee," to entertain a half-dozen legislators to include the majority leader of the Florida state senate.
Mr. Ramba represents Florida optometrists and:
The dinner, we are assured, was purely "social and political" and the people attending discussed, among other things, the desert.
Which was crème brûlée.
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Browse 19 Years of the Weekly Standard


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The Occupy Wall street movement expanded to classroom politics, as a group disrupted a special meeting of the panel for education policy in Manhattan.
The public meeting at Seward Park High School at 350 Grand Street was supposed to be a meeting for parents to learn about new curriculum standards.
But as soon as Schools Chancellor Dennis Walcott began speaking through his headset microphone, a different type of microphone drowned him out.
Called the "People's Microphone," the protesters' call-and-repeat chants, now a trademark of the Occupy Wall Street movement, derailed the Department of Education meeting.
Walcott continued to introduce the scheduled speaker, despite the chanting, but curriculum specialist David Coleman quickly gave up trying to speak over the call-and-repeat chants.
The chancellor moved the official meeting to the third floor, split between three different classrooms.


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Las Vegas, Nev. - The New Mexico State men's golf team carded an 18-over par, 306 in the first round of the Southern Highlands Collegiate Masters Friday at the Southern Highlands Golf Course in Las Vegas, Nev. The Aggies are currently in 14th out of 15 teams.
"This is a tough golf course and a very strong field and today we got off to a slow start and just couldn't put things together," head coach Mike Dirks said. "Hopefully we can come out tomorrow and climb the leader board a bit and get ahead of some of those ranked teams in front of us."
Senior Zachery Fullerton led the Aggies on the day with a 1-under par, 71 recording four birdies on the day. He is tied for 10th overall. Junior Justin Shin was 3-overpar, 75 in round one and is tied for 40th overall with one birdie in the round.
Freshman Brett Walker carded an 8-over par, 80 in round one with one birdie, tying him at 65th, while senior Gaston De La Torre shot 8-over par, 80, placing him tied for 65 th. De La Torre also had just on birdie on the day. Redshirt senior Miko Alejandro recorded a 12-over par, 84 and is in 77th overall. He had two birdies in the first round.
California leads the tournament at 2-under par, followed by UNLV (-1), Texas A&M (E), UCLA (+3) and Stanford (+4). Logan McCracken of Texas Tech leads the tournament at 6-under par.
The Aggies will be back in action tomorrow morning for the second round of the Southern Highlands Collegiate Masters.


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for carrying out research relevant to materials processing will be essential for achieving high quality and cost effectiveness in all industrial sectors.
The national and federal laboratories, with their extensive technical resources and special facilities, are well positioned to make major contributions to research in materials processing.
Recent scientific and technological developments have provided a remarkably diverse range of challenges and opportunities for research in the processing of materials. Among these opportunities are the following:
Process modeling and simulation: High-speed computing capabilities coupled with improved theoretical understanding provide opportunities for improvements in materials processing technologies.
Ceramics: Improvements in the technologies for processing of ceramic materials will be required in order to fabricate the new high-temperature superconductors, as well as to exploit the potential of ceramics in a broad range of electronic and structural applications.
Optoelectronic materials: Advances in an array of processing technologies will be necessary in order to realize the opportunities present in optoelectronics. These technologies include crystal growth, molecular beam epitaxy, and physical and chemical vapor deposition.
Rapid solidification: The continued development of this processing technology should lead to a wide range of applications and products.
Metals: The processing technologies of the metals industries require a major infusion of resources, with an emphasis on areas such as automation and recycling of materials.
Polymers: Processing techniques such as reaction injection molding, melt spinning, and polymer forging offer significant potential for further development.
Technological challenges in the processing of materials, such as those listed above, bring with them needs for improved understanding at more basic scientific levels. Areas in which new needs for fundamental research are emerging include the following:
Interfaces: Much of materials processing consists of manipulating and controlling the interfaces that separate various components of complex substances. New experimental methods and characterization techniques should lead to significant advances in understanding interfaces.
Nonequilibrium materials: Materials processing technologies generally deal with materials in states that are very far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Experimental and theoretical advances in understanding the thermodynamics and kinetics of nonequilibrium states are now within reach and should lead to improvements in processing technology.


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David Axelrod wouldn't confirm widespread reports today that White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel is leaving the position Friday to run for mayor of Chicago, but President Obama's senior aide did appear to give Emanuel his blessing.
Running a large city takes a "larger-than-life figure" who can take on tough problems, Axelrod told an audience during the Washington Ideas Forum at the Newseum in Washington, and Emanuel possesses those traits, he said.
"He has all the tools to be a great mayor," he said. "I have no doubt about that."
Axelrod, himself a Chicago resident, said anyone who runs has to earn the right to be the next mayor -- it won't be handed to them. Emanuel understands this, he said.
"A mistake would be to take anything for granted," Axelrod said. "But I also know him very well. If he decides to do it, then he will attack it as he has every other challenge in his life and earn it."
Axelrod was joined on stage by NBC "Nightly News" anchor Brian Williams, who repeatedly questioned him about the disillusionment many of the president's supporters feel over the administration's perceived failure to change Washington.
The senior White House aide countered that the administration has survived a greater litany of challenges and emergencies, ranging from the H1N1 flu outbreak to the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, than any administration in "a very long time." Events that were supposed to doom Obama's presidency have been overcome, he said, because of the president's resiliency and decisiveness.
"The oil leak was at the time viewed as kind of a defining, seminal event in the history of the administration and the country, and today the well is sealed," said Axelrod. "We have a lot of work to do to remediate the damage, but it isn't what people thought it would be in May."
When Williams asked if the administration had "gone Washington" instead of changing how politics work, as the news anchor said some of the president's supporters believe, Axelrod responded that becoming part of the political establishment means putting personal political gain above the health of the country. President Obama's decisions since taking office show he's putting the country, not his own political standing, first, he said.
"It took a great deal of leadership and courage on part of president to stand up for the Recovery Act that was absolutely necessary even if we knew it could be exploited in negative ways," he said.


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WARRENVILLE -- A 48-year-old man was arrested for assault and battery in the third degree on Saturday following incidents that took place on Huber Clay Road in Warrenville.
According to a report provided by the Aiken County Sheriffs Office there were three male victims.
One of victims, who lives in Warrenville, said he was on the front porch of a home when the subject approached him and said, You got a problem with me? The victim said that after he told the subject he didnt have a problem with him, the subject hit him in the face three times, causing a laceration and swelling under an eye.
The other two victims, one a Batesburg resident and the other a Warrenville resident, said they were changing a flat tire on a vehicle that was parked on Huber Clay Road when they saw the subject on the side of the road swinging a large knife. According to the Sheriffs Office report, the two victims said the subject approached them in a threatening manner and took a car jack from them.
The responding officer located the subject and took him into custody. The officer also recovered the car jack from the subjects residence on Huber Clay Road and returned it to the two men who had been changing a tire.
The victim who said that the subject had hit him three times was taken to a hospital.
Warrenville man arrested for assault
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Gene Krupa
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Join Date: Feb 2006
Posts: 66
Re: Gene Krupa
It just boggles my mind, because you'd think that no matter what age you are and if you're truly into the instrument you're playing, you'd want to go back and listen to as many drummers as you can, from different genres & just be totally consumed with all different types of music. But, unfortunately most people are not like that, especially when you're younger and more impressionable by other people around you, "Dude jazz sucks stop being a wussy and put on Slipknot" or something like that. But that's also ironic, because when you're younger that's when you should be doing what I mentioned above, before you become older and more 'stubborn' with your musical tastes.
To me, being a true music nut is about listening to everything not only from the present, but from the past as well.....because that's where most of the present music gets their sound.
I would highly suggest going out and buying the Krupa & Rich cd I mentioned above. It's short, but well worth it. Rich's solos on the cd are more 'musical', meaning they're more toned-downed than most other solos I've seen/heard by him. And Krupa, well he's just being himself which is never a bad thing to listen to.
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Full-time: Jamie Ward strikes late to earn Derby County a point against Bolton Wanderers
Posted: February 19, 2013|
JAMIE Ward's 10th goal of the season earned Derby County a 1-1 draw at home to Bolton Wanderers.
Ward headed an 81st-minute equaliser after Bolton had taken the lead in first-half stoppage time.
Michael Jacobs was handed his first league start since New Year's Day after England Under-21 midfielder Will Hughes failed to shake off a groin injury that he picked up in Saturday's goalless draw with Wolverhampton Wanderers.
The Rams were otherwise unchanged, with Jacobs' place on the bench taken by 17-year-old Academy player Jamie Hanson, who was named in a senior matchday squad for the first time.
The hosts carved out a decent opening inside two minutes.
Jacobs' low cross from the left found Ward unmarked in the box but his goalbound effort was blocked by Craig Dawson.
Bolton striker David Ngog tested Adam Legzdins with a shot on the turn but the keeper saved comfortably down to his right.
Derby lost Kieron Freeman to injury just before the half-hour, so Ben Davies was brought on at right-back.
In the 33rd minute, Jeff Hendrick whipped in a first-time cross from the right and Craig Bryson's downward header bounced narrowly wide.
The Rams had a scare soon after when Richard Keogh appeared to handle the ball in the area but referee Gavin Ward had spotted a push on the Derby skipper.
Paul Coutts fired wide under pressure from Sam Ricketts, while Ngog fired straight at Legzdins from a tight angle at the other end.
Derby ended the half strongly but Ward's speculative effort was deflected over the bar.
And they fell behind when Jay Spearing's inswinging free kick from the left was diverted into the net amid a crowd of players, with Keogh appearing to get the final touch.
Ngog volleyed over early in the second half after combining well with Chris Eagles.
Conor Sammon turned Jacobs' centre wide at the near post but the home fans were becoming frustrated.
An equaliser almost arrived just before the hour but Adam Bodgan got down well to palm away Coutts' well-struck shot from the edge of the box.
The home side went close again with 20 minutes to go. Sammon picked out Coutts on the left and his fierce shot was beaten out by Bogdan before Jacobs' follow-up was blocked.
The pressure was building on Bolton and Sammon flashed a shot across the face of goal after a neat turn in the box.
Bogdan kept out a volley from substitute Theo Robinson before Bolton's resistance was broken nine minutes from time.
Jacobs delivered a cross from the left and Ward snuck in at the back post to send a fine header past Bogdan.
Bolton substitute Marvin Sordell had the ball in the net at the other end but the flag was up for offside.
At the other end, Bodgan produced a reflex save to keep out a Robinson header from Jacobs' corner.
It was a frantic finale but neither side could find a winner in the end.
GOALS: Keogh og (45+2) 0-1; Ward (81) 1-1.
DERBY COUNTY: Legzdins, Freeman (B Davies, 29), Keogh, Brayford, Hoganson, Coutts (Robinson, 74), Hendrick, Bryson, Jacobs, Ward, Sammon. Subs: Fielding (gk), Gjokaj, Hanson, Doyle, Bennett.
BOLTON WANDERERS: Bogdan, Mears, Knight, Dawson, Ricketts, Spearing, Pratley, Chung-Yong, Eagles (M Davies, 84), Ngog (K Davies, 65), C Davies (Sordell, 74). Subs: Lonergan (gk), Wheater, Holden, De Ridder.
REFEREE: G Ward (Surrey).
ATTENDANCE: 22,145 (774 away fans).
BOOKINGS: Bolton - Knight (89) dissent. Derby - Brayford (90+3) dissent.


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S14: Part "I Lost Count"
For as long as i've known Mark, I think I lost count on the number of transformations his S14 has been through. But I must say, this current set up is pretty gnarly. Surprisingly enough, I have NEVER sat shotgun while he was getting the car sideways. Last weekend, I finally had an opportunity to and all I have to say is WOW! Let's just say its a beast. Fatlace media photographers and crew had a chance to get a ride along as well and they will tell you the same thing. The good folks from Blacktrax Performance did a great job getting the car back with a fresh new wiring job, tune, push start, and Stack display. The widened fenders and alignment made the 14 even more aggressive than it was before. Let's look at some photos shall we…
Bumpers are overrated
Booty Shots
Such an awesome piece of equipment
What was your favorite setup for the 14?
5 Comments
i wanna have a ride along im only 13 and deep into drifting i love the s14
i miss the cheetah print
RIP Rocket Bunny front bar.
Def gotta say my favorite setup was a long time ago… 6-8years even… Saw the S14 @ Sears Point, pretty stock-ish looking with "Fatlace" decals plastered all over the roof. Was Classic!!
always above the game


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Kia Classic
Seo Cruises To Title
Hee Kyung Seo cruised to her first LPGA title by six strokes over Inbee Park
CARLSBAD, Calif. (AP) -- Hee Kyung Seo ran away with the inaugural Kia Classic for her first LPGA Tour title Sunday, shooting a 2-under 70 for a six-stroke victory in a final round marked by Michelle Wie's latest rules gaffe.
Seo, who is not a member of the LPGA Tour, received one of the three sponsor's exemptions to get into the tournament. The 23-year-old Seo, an 11-time winner on the Korean LPGA Tour, can chose to become an LPGA Tour member.
After opening with a 70 at La Costa, Seo took the lead with a second-round 67 and had a 69 on Saturday en route to a 12-under 276 total.
South Koreans swept the top four spots, with Inbee Park (65) finishing second, and Jiyai Shin (70) and Jee Young Lee (70) tying for third at 5 under.
Wie was penalized two strokes for grounding her club in a hazard after hitting out of the water near the 11th green, giving her a double-bogey 7. She was notified of the penalty by LPGA Tour rules official Doug Brecht a few holes later. At the time, she was five strokes behind Seo. Wie ended up with a 72 to tie for fifth at 4 under.
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text: Quick View save 14% Numbers Rule Your World: The Hidden Influence of… by Kaiser Fung February 19, 2010 | Kobo Edition (eBook) Available for download from $32.39 WHAT ARE THE ODDS YOU'LL WIN THE LOTTERY? How long will your kids wait in line at Disney World? Who decides that "standardized tests" are fair? Why do highway engineers build slow-moving ramps? What does it mean, statistically, to be an "Average Joe"? NUMBERS RULE YOUR WORLD In the popular… See Details $32.39 was $38.05


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|Assistant Professor of Radiologic Technology
Director of Radiologic Technology Program
Department of Health Sciences and Nursing
Teaching Focus
Assistant professor Daniel DeMaio, MEd, RT(R)(CT), teaches the radiation physics, imaging principles, and radiobiology courses of the Radiography program. He provides state-of-the art information using instructional strategies that help students develop a deep understanding of the physical principles of radiographic imaging and radiation safety. DeMaio widely incorporates the use of educational technology in his courses including digital images and videos, clickers, vodcasts, wikis, and web-based flipped lectures.
Professional Interests
DeMaio has over 20 years of clinical experience in radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT). He has lectured nationally on the physics of CT imaging and is the author of Mosby's Exam Review In Computed Tomography (Second Ed.), a leading resource for technologists seeking the professional credential in CT imaging. DeMaio's current research interests include the impact of an audience response system (clickers) on active learning and video-supported student self-assessment of simulated radiographic positioning.


text:
Prescription Medication Misuse and Abuse
Information and resources regarding prescription medication abuse and misuse.
Research-Based Activities
Prevention-related activities for which scientifically-based research has provided some evidence to indicate that the activity will contribute to reducing violence and illegal drug use.
Information on resources for health services and programs, including research and data collection on youth health behaviors.
Science-Based Programs
Programs for which scientifically-based research has provided evidence to indicate that the program will reduce violence and illegal drug use.
Steroids and Dietary Supplements
Information on Senate Bill 37 and the United States Anti-Doping Agency's Guide to Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods of Doping.
Student Assistance Programs (SAPs)
Provides information for implementing new Student Assistance Programs (SAPs) along with resources for strengthening existing SAPs.
Tobacco-Use Prevention Education Program
Provides funding through an application process for tobacco-specific student instruction, reinforcement activities, special events, intervention, and cessation programs for students.
Underage Drinking Prevention
Information and resources for the prevention of underage drinking.


text:
Machine Service
Larry Delceg is your Master Technician operating the Service Department at the Bernina Connection. His father Ron owned and operated a popular sewing store in Bellingham Washington for 48 years, and started training Larry when he was in seventh grade. Larry now has over 35 years of experience and has received factory training from Bernina and several other major manufacturers. No matter what brand or model of machine you have, he will know it's intricate nuances because he has most likely serviced many like it in the past.
Taking great pride in "going the extra mile", Larry treats every machine as if it were his own. When you leave your machine to be Cleaned, Oiled and Adjusted, Larry and his assistant often spend over two hours wiping every part and interior surface, lubricating friction points which are not reachable by the consumer, and restoring all mechanical adjustments back to factory specifications.
Our service department takes great pleasure in providing prompt, excellence and reasonable prices. We look forward to the opportunity to keep your machine purring smoothly and sewing beautifully.
Meet Your Technician
Larry Delceg - Lead Technician-Service Department Manager
Karen Delceg - Serger Technician
David Franklin - Technician


text:
Demonstrates different design strategies, best practices, and actual code examples for creating a web site that can adapt to multiple devices, screen sizes, and browsers.
"As a teacher, I respect the way that your tutorials are hands-on and interactive. They are quick and to-the-point, and the teachers you have chosen are patient and concise." —Joshua M.
more from our members »


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The Kardashians
Lisa Vanderpump Admits She's Seen Kim Kardashian's Sex Tape — And Finds It "Interesting"
Nick Cannon may not be a fan of Kim Kardashian's sex tape, but Real Housewives of Beverly Hills star Lisa Vanderpump seems to find the tape very "interesting."
The housewife is slated to be a celebrity judge for the Miss Universe 2012 pageant alongside Scott Disick, Kourtney Kardashian's baby daddy and Kim's almost-brother-in-law.
When asked by HuffPost Live if she was a fan of the Kardashian's reality empire, Lisa replied that she doesn't have time to watch Keeping Up With the Kardashians, but that doesn't mean she has no interest in all of the family's, um, products.
The reality star admitted that she "did see her [Kim's] porn film" and that it was "really interesting."
Sounds like she's not a total K-Dash hater!
Source: HuffPost Live


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Judge Orders Tulsa Murder Suspects Held On More Than $9 Million Bond Each
Source: CNN
A judge in Tulsa, Oklahoma has ordered two men suspected in a string of weekend shootings that left three people dead held in lieu of $9,160,000 bond each.
Jake England, 19, and Alvin Watts, 33, are charged with three counts of murder and two counts of shooting with intent to kill in connection with last week's shootings, which also wounded two people. Authorities are working to determine whether the violence that left three people dead was racially motivated.
To follow this topic visit CNN.
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text: http://ubuntuforums.org – So what to do, I added port 139 like this site suggested. http://empegbbs.com/ubbthreads.php/t..._printer_shari with windows 7 firewall off, I can connect to server on another subnet, as this shows. My ubuntu pc is on 192.168.1.103 and the windows 7 oc is at another router at 192.168.200.30 Attached Images Screenshot from 2012-12-11 21:50:29.png (79.0 KB) (Hardware)


text:
Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at HardBritLads
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Tyler Johnson is a super fit handsome young black guy from London. He shows off his awesome body, and gets a HUGE bulge in his little adidas shorts, before taking it out revealing a massive ten inch dick, so thick at the base he cant totally get his hand around it. He lubes it up and jerks off for us in diff positions - seriously awesome monstercock!!
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Cookbook Reviews – Older Reviews
What Else is to Eat?
The Dairy-, Egg-, and Nut-Free Food Allergy Cookbook
Linda Marienhoff Coss; $16.95; Plumtree Press
As the parent of a 17-year-old son with multiple food allergies, Linda Marienhoff Coss knows all about cooking within the limits of allergy. Her previous cookbook, What's to Eat? has sold more than 15,000 copies, and this follow up offers more of the accessible recipes that made its predecessor so popular.
Coss focuses on using ingredients that are readily available in grocery stores, rather than sending readers on a search for hard-to-find items from specialty stores or websites. More than half of the book is dedicated to non-dessert items, with recipes ranging from chicken Marsala to dilled pan-roasted carrots. Sections covering meats, side dishes and sweets offer family-friendly choices for those who must avoid dairy, egg and tree nuts.
Allergen Free Baking: Baked Treats for All Occasions
Jill Robbins; $18.95; Family Matters Publishing
Fans of HomeFree (formerly Gak's Snacks) organic cookies and coffee cake will be happy to hear that the company's president and resident baker Jill Robbins has published a cookbook dedicated to delicious baked goods (though none of the recipes for the retail treats are included).
All recipes are free of dairy, peanuts, tree nuts, eggs and wheat, and some are gluten-free as well. Items are cross-referenced by occasion, making it easy to find appropriate desserts for birthdays, holidays and bake sales. Tempting sweets recipes include: cranberry oatmeal cookies, dairy-free ice cream sandwiches, peach muffins and doughnuts.
Both the book and organic dry ingredients are available through the company's website,www.homefreetreats.com
Most of these reviews are originally published in Allergic Living magazine.
© Copyright AGW Publishing Inc.
To order an issue or to subscribe, click here.


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It may at times seem as if you are no longer in control of your life but it isn't true. Your thoughts create your world so think positive today and tomorrow and wonderful things will occur throughout the coming week.
or email email@example.com
August 10, 2013 | 4:00am
We've sent an email with instructions to create a new password. Your existing password has not been changed.


text:
Our anonymous submitter dutifully passes along this company-wide farewell e-mail, but says: "I have no idea what's he's talking about. Holla!"
related: the farewell email to end all farewell emails
Our anonymous submitter dutifully passes along this company-wide farewell e-mail, but says: "I have no idea what's he's talking about. Holla!"
related: the farewell email to end all farewell emails
→ 96 CommentsFILED UNDER: "helpful" advice · Dallas/Fort Worth · e-mail · farewell letter · office · spelling and grammar police
Writes an anonymous submitter in New York City: "So, my mom bought me this doormat that says 'leave.' You know, haha, funny joke, like the ones that say 'go away.' Well, apparently my neighbor didn't find it too humorous."
Adds our submitter: "Some back story: the woman has lived in the apartment across the hall for 40 years and collects cats and garbage, according to the super."
related: Really, enough with the weather
→ 163 CommentsFILED UNDER: a matter of taste · CAPS LOCK · crazypants · etiquette · kids today · more aggressive than passive · neighbors · New York
No, you can't — at least not near the copy machine at Erin's office in Indianapolis.
Meanwhile, Alvaro's office in Madrid is having licking issues of its own near the office coffee machine. (Translation: "Please do not lick this teaspoon/ it's for collective use.")
And the licking doesn't stop there…
P.S. Before you leave, please wipe your feet really good on the rhythm rug.
→ 98 CommentsFILED UNDER: CAPS LOCK · Espanol · Indianapolis · licking · Madrid · office · Spain
Long-simmering roommate issues comes to a head in Toronto…
(Green ink is being kicked out by black ink.)
related: I can't stand this shit anymore.
→ 88 CommentsFILED UNDER: drugs · excessive underlining · not-so-veiled threats · rebuttals · roommates · smiley · spelling and grammar police · Toronto · touching
Gina from Santa Cruz lives in a dorm where ten girls share one bathroom. Says gina, "I love saga notes, and feel we need some more of them, so I figured this collection would certainly do the trick." Indeed, Gina, indeed! The progression here from pleasantries and smileys to — well, you'll see — is classic. And a webmd.com citation? Major bonus points.
Gina also sent in a (small-ish) photo of the whole scene.
UPDATE: Gina responds to team fake!
related: I think it's going to be a long long time
→ 156 CommentsFILED UNDER: "helpful" advice · all clogged up · bathroom · college life · die bitch die · eww · excessive underlining · internet citation · It's science! · mean girls · more aggressive than passive · most popular notes of 2007 · not-so-veiled threats · note wars · rebuttals · saga · Santa Cruz · shower · smiley · that's disgusting · that's unsanitary
Anna brings us this charitable little note from the her apartment building in London, Ontario.
"Anytime Stan" — proof that Canadians really are the nicest people on earth?
Meanwhile, in Milwaukee…
And lastly, a vaguely dadaist interpretation, in what very well may be another one of L.A.'s elevator-cum-film sets.
related: cross-country elevator action
→ 53 CommentsFILED UNDER: Canada · CAPS LOCK · elevator · ellipses-crazed · Los Angeles · Milwaukee · neighbors · Ontario · p.s. · vomit
Thanks to Gina in Flemington, New Jersey for forwarding along these e-mails between a coworker and her former roommate regarding a $22 gas bill. Click to enlarge!
→ 91 CommentsFILED UNDER: e-mail · just wondering · money · New Jersey · rebuttals · roommates
Presenting, for your analysis, this anonymous contribution from a hair salon in Bettendorf, Iowa (pop. 32,394). For the scatologically inclined vandal (and for Putz's owner) the unconscious issues at play appear to be anything but borderline. College psych majors: care to address which stage of psychosexual development is associated with passive-aggressiveness?
related: I can't stand this shit anymore
UPDATE: Here's a little more backstory on the situation from our note's submitter. (Warning: this might confuse more than it illuminates.)
the owner of a salon i work at posted this for the individual that had placed dog poop in the corridor that is shared by other businesses. they left the feces in the hallway shortly after her and her st. bernard, putz, arrived to work. putz goes everywhere with her. for the past eight months he's grown tremendously, and his massive size at this point has freaked out other store owners. putz sleeps in the back room and he has suburb potty training skills — and his owner always picks up after him.
the landlord approached her [re: the feces in the hallway] and said he was very bothered by the possible health code concern. he later told her not to worry about it, seeing how it was totally impossible for putz to let himself out the back door, take a dump in the corridor, then turn around and open the door to let himself back in.
someone kept tearing down her note, so she added the written message at the bottom.
→ 99 CommentsFILED UNDER: dogs · Freudian shit · Iowa · office · rebuttals · shit
Our anonymous contributor works part-time at a large, "troubled" high school in Milwaukee. Today, while making some copies, she found this anonymous wonder.
→ 195 CommentsFILED UNDER: Milwaukee · office · raging against the machine · sarcasm · schools & teachers
Summer from Decatur, Georgia says she found this note "left on a car piously parked while attempting to attend mass on vacation" in Galveston, Texas.
Stealing Hot Pockets is apparently not the only thing that Jesus wouldn't do.
related: There you go, bringing Him into it again
→ 105 CommentsFILED UNDER: Cincinnati · Decatur · Galveston · Jesus · parking · Texas · the lawn


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Tilly's Black Friday 2012 Ad
Tilly's Black Friday 2012 Ad has arrived, with deals on short sleeve screen tees, and pullover/zip-up sweaters. Watches, fragrances, and Skullcandy headphones are all on sale, for the entire weekend. Certain sales are only available for the morning of Friday Nov 23, so get there early for the best deals!


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Kyle Schwochow
Front Range Classic
Photos from the Front Range Classic on May 4.
Air Force Relays
Photos from the Air Force Relays on April 7.
MWC Championships
Action photos from the MWC Championships on May 11-14 (photos by Steve Nowland)
MWC Championships - Day 4
Action photos from the MWC Championships on May 14 (photos by Valerie Perkin)
Don Barrett Duals
Action photos from the Don Barrett Duals on Saturday, Jan. 29 (photos by Mike Kaplan)
JUNIOR (2011): Set the Junior Class Record in the shot put...recorded a distance of 57'11¼" during the indoor season at the Air Force Invitational...that mark is the second-best throw in Academy history...earned the team's Field Athlete of the Week award following that meet...also earned the award after the Don Barrett Duals...threw a then-career best 55'9" on final attempt to win the shot put at that meet...was the runner-up (55'5") at the Robert Shine Invitational...also earned top-five finishes at the New Mexico Classic and Air Force All-Comers Meet...moved into sixth on the all-time list in the outdoor shot put at the Front Range Classic...recorded a distance of 55'7" at that meet to finish second...qualified for the NCAA national semifinals in that event...scored for the Falcons in the shot put at the Mountain West Conference Outdoor Championships (53'2¼")...also finished third in that event at the UC Irvine Spring Break Invitational...competed in the discus throw during three meets...posted a season-best distance of 138'8" at the Sun Angel Classic.
SOPHOMORE (2010): Recorded the ninth-best outdoor shot put mark in Academy history...threw a career-best, team-leading 54'2¾" at the Front Range Classic...scored for the Falcons in that event with a distance of 51'9"...placed fifth in the discus throw at the Military Championships with a career-best throw of 148'4"...finished eighth in the shot put at the MWC Indoor Championships....recorded a career-best 53'8¼" at that meet...that mark is the ninth-best distance in Academy history...that mark was also the best on the team...finished as the runner-up in that event at the Robert Shine Invitational with a throw of 53'1¾"...recorded a career-best weight throw distance of 45'1¾" at the adidas Classic...received the program's Field Athlete of the Week once during the indoor season...also claimed the honor once during the outdoor season.
FRESHMAN (2009): Ranked second on the team in the shot put during the outdoor season...threw a season-best 47'1½" at the Front Range Classic...also competed in the discus throw and hammer throw...posted a season-best 125'6" in the discus at the Arizona State Invitational...threw a 108'4" in the hammer throw at the Colorado Invitational...ranked third on the team in the shot put...recorded a distance of 46'8¾" at the Don Barrett Duals...competed in the weight throw at the Robert Shine Invitational...posted a distance of 39'5¾" at that meet.
HIGH SCHOOL: Brookville High School...earned a sixth-place finish in the shot put at the 2008 Ohio Division 2 state championship meet...claimed a fifth-place finish in that event at the state championship meet as a junior...recorded a personal-best shot put distance of 55'9".
PERSONAL: Full name is Kyle Edward Schwochow...son of William and Brenda Schwochow...has one younger brother, Ian, who attends Ohio State...majoring in English...future career plans include becoming an intelligence officer...hobbies include anything outdoors (hiking, fishing, camping, etc.)...grandfather, William E. Schwochow, retired from the military as a Master Sergeant...member of Cadet Squadron 01.


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PRINGLE — Nancy Tkatch, administrative director of the West Side Career and Technology Center in Luzerne County, resigned Monday night.
According to the Citizens' Voice Newspaper, an internal investigation turned up questionable charges on one of the center's credit cards.
According to the school's website, the career and technology center provided technological training for high school-aged students in Luzerne County.
So far charges have not been filed against Tkatch.


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Spell Check of sauterne
Correct spelling: sauterne
Definition of sauterne:
semisweet golden- colored table or dessert wine from around Bordeaux in France; similar wine from California
Common misspellings for sauterne:
- foccacia (50%)
- sautern (50%)
Examples of usage for sauterne:
1) I always begin with oysters and a glass of sauterne; and, let me tell you, your father's sauterne is excellent Not that I counsel you, however, to start with wine at breakfast. "That Boy Of Norcott's", , Charles James Lever.
2) When we were all conversing in the house, and discussing some excellent sauterne, the opportunity for his successful attempt was seized by the prisoner. "Australia Twice Traversed, The Romance of Exploration Australia Twice Traversed. The Romance Of Exploration, Being A Narrative Compiled From The Journals Of Five Exploring Expeditions Into And Through Central South Australia, And Western Australia, From 1", , Ernest Giles.


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Not just for bloggers…
Be, Blog and Read the Change for Animals!
Come together to support people helping animals in need each 15th of January, April, July and October. Bloggers, write about a cause near and dear to your heart. Readers, share your comments and ideas in answer to these questions and more!
- What have you done to Be the Change for Animals?
- Who do you know who acts tirelessly on animals' behalf?
- What favorite cause has a special need right now?
1.) Grab the badge.
Paste the code from BtC4animals.com's sidebar to your blog's sidebar. This lets folks know you're taking part and how they can too.
2.) Tell others too!
Post this to Facebook and Twitter:
APRIL 15: BE, BLOG AND READ THE CHANGE FOR ANIMALS! – Get the badge & spread the word! http://bit.ly/pO7dZp #BtC4A
3.) Post your blog entry on April 15.
Support your favorite cause, shelter, foster or friend.
Need more ideas? Revisit previous causes on BtC4animals.com.
Many can still use your help.
No matter what cause you choose:
- Make a fresh commitment to act on behalf of animals
- Inspire others to do the same
- Spread the word
4.) Add your link on BtC4animals.com.
On April 15 at 12:01 AM EST, a link list will appear below. Add your blog's name and post URL – not your main domain – so others can find and support your cause.
5.) Share the good will.
Read listings throughout the day and offer help or encouragement where you can. Remember, a kind word can make a difference! Share your favorite posts on your favorite social network (Twitter hashtag #BtC4A).
Extra credit:
Click "Get the Code" at the end of the list and paste it at the bottom of your blog post. While not required, this places the list on your site too, generating traffic to and from your page for the sake of the animals your post supports.
Thanks everybody and we'll see you there!
Kim C, Amy, Kim T, Vicki, Peggy,
Mary, Mel and Maggie


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A shark tank adorns new Route 57 sports bar
Over the years, the restaurant at 7240 Oswego Road has been known by several different names -- Hooligan's Sports Grille, Tournedos American Restaurant and Tonino's Trattoria -- to mention a few.
After a lengthy dormancy, the multi-faceted nightclub re-opens Thursday, Aug. 19, as Sharkey's Eclectic Sports Lounge. It's owned by Christopher Moreland of McKenzie Realty LLC. Moreland offered a sneak-preview of his new place to Liverpool Chamber of Commerce Director Lucretia Hudzinski, who came away duly impressed.
"This is a sports bar like no other," Lucretia said last week. "It's environmentally well thought out. The fixtures, including the bamboo floor, are high-end The menu is top-shelf and so is the chef. Also, if you are a bar-leaner, there will be lots of space for many to hang out. I've seen it with my own eyes!"
From the big outdoor deck out back, you can watch golfers touring the Liverpool Country Club links. Sharkey's boasts two basement dance floors, newly decorated banquet rooms, dart boards, high-definition TVs and a massive outdoor volleyball court overseen by Jim Nichols.
And get this: the place is decorated with a salt-water shark tank! Now that even out-does the live iguana at Limp Lizard Bar & Grille.
Hobin Band plays Aug. 19
Sharkey's celebrates a grand opening at 5 p.m. Thursday, Aug. 19, with its first-ever Sharkapalooza, a free concert featuring the Original Todd Hobin Band.
"It's a freaking free concert," exclaimed bandleader Todd Hobin, "and they're not pumping up the prices on concessions, beer, food or anything! It sounds like this is going to be a very cool place, very exciting."
The Original Todd Hobin Band features guitarists Todd Hobin, Doug Moncrief and Bruce Fowler, plus Todd's brother, Shawn Hobin, on drums and son, Brett Hobin, on bass.
(Continued on Next Page)
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California Faces Federal Judge on Prison Gridlock
Publication Date:September 18, 2009
Lecturer Kara Dansky, executive director of the Stanford Criminal Justice Center, was a guest on Morning Edition on NPR:
California is struggling to deal with its oversize prison population – the largest in the country.
"It's not the court's intention to micromanage the California prison system," says Kara Dansky, head of the Criminal Justice Center at Stanford. She says that the court really wants the state to come up with its own plan to reduce overcrowding, but that's going to be tough.
"The legislature really was not a friend to the Secretary of Corrections this past week, when it really didn't give the Secretary what he needed to go back to the court."


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New National Survey of College Student Political Behavior & Attitudes
What do college students think is "the most important issue facing the country today?" In a survey of 874 college students at Pomona College, Bowdoin College (ME), College of the Holy Cross (MA) and Wellesley College (MA), 24.8 percent responded the war in Iraq/ending the war in Iraq; 14.5 percent said the economy and economic issues; 7.7 percent cited the environment and climate change; and 7.2 percent cited health care. Another 6.8 percent said foreign policy or international relations.
The focus of the survey, conducted between February 15 and the end of March this year, was the students' political behavior and concerns of students at liberal arts colleges, with particular attention to issues relevant for the 2008 election.
The most surprising data came from questions about attitudes toward specific political issues and political media consumption.
- Only 11.3 percent approve of the way President is handling his job.
- Two-thirds (68%) of students believe that the war in Iraq has made the United States less safe from terrorism.
- More than 80 percent (85.2%) of the students support the rights of gay couples to marry.
- 90.4 percent agree that homosexual couples should be legally permitted to adopt children.
- There is strong support (82.3%) for a program to give illegal immigrants the right to stay in the United States if they pay a fine and meet certain requirements.
- Three-fourths (77.5%) of the students rate economic conditions in the United States today as "fair" (53%) or "poor" (24.5%).
- Close to three-fourths (70.8%) say that the lack of health insurance among many Americans is a "very serious" problem.
- Somewhat more than half (53.0%) say that the energy situation in the United States today is "very serious."
- More than three-quarters (77.1%) of students think there is too little government regulation and involvement in the area of environmental protection, and 44.0% rate the condition of the natural environment in the world today as poor or very poor.
Among the students, 80 percent were registered to vote, though only 57.9 percent had ever voted in a local, state or national election. Those interested in public affairs "most of the time" were 32.8 percent, but 40.6 percent said they were "very much interested" in the current presidential campaign, with another 48.5 percent saying they were "somewhat interested." In political affiliation, 56.4 percent reported they were Democrats, 14.8 percent said they were Republicans and 22 percent were independents.
In terms of media consumption, despite doomsday predictions forecasting the demise of newspapers, 80 percent of students at these four colleges reported reading about world or national news in newspapers either hard copy or online once per week or more frequently.
Almost half (45.2%) watch world or national news programs on television at least once per week. About one-third of the students report watching political satire shows (34.9%) and a similar proportion view political blogs or Web pages (31.4%) once a week or more. Slightly more than one-fourth (27.1%) listen to radio programs devoted to politics or current events, and only 7.9 percent watch political interview programs.
Because the four colleges draw from a national pool of students, this sample consists of undergraduates from 49 states plus the District of Columbia. (Only Wyoming is not represented). The state with the highest representation is Massachusetts (21.6%), followed by New York (12.9%) and California (9.3%). Less than three percent of the students report a permanent residence outside of the United States, yet 10 percent were born outside of the United States. The students range in age from 18 to 25, with 72.8 percent between ages 19 and 21.
The survey was designed by a team of faculty members from each of the four colleges: Royce Singleton, Jr., Professor of Sociology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA; Seth Ovadia, Assistant Professor of Sociology at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME; Jill Grigsby, Richard Steele Professor of Social Sciences and Professor of Sociology at Pomona College, Claremont, CA; and Joseph Swingle, Professor of Sociology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA. Kerry Strand, Professor of Sociology, Hood College, Frederick, MD also participated in the research design.
The interviewers were students enrolled in survey research methods or quantitative analysis courses within sociology departments at the four colleges. The course instructors obtained lists of all students who were taking classes during the spring 2008 semester on campus (not studying abroad or on leave) and created a random sample from this list. For the total sample, the sampling error is plus or minus 3 percent.


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thanks AJ... unfortunately, it was needed.
thanks AJ... unfortunately, it was needed.
Thanks to brother Like2God for the great sig!
thank you so much I was getting to the point that i was felt shamed to be a Phin Fan and come here to read some of the crap that was being posted.... Heres to a more Quality Finheaven :beerbang: :beerbang:
Thank you. Awaiting the follow through.
Browser Football: http://goallineblitz.com/game/signup.pl?ref=622548
You know Im farily new to this board so forgive me for not toting the company line but what is it with you guys? A little power hungry. Now just wait a second and hear me out. You and the rest of the "Old" posters now have become obsessed with telling everyone else what is wrong with them now. While we are all complaining about the compliners no sports posts are being posted. And all due respect to the Webmaster, you do a heck of a job but the only posts you seem to make are threats to shut people down. Whos to say what is stupid and what isnt. If a post is stupid and no one replys what happens. It just goes away. But no, everyone has to plie on and spend thread after thread talking about how stupid the guy or his quote is and all that does is keep the posts alive. Its real strange if you ask me. But I know you didnt.
I think the best way to answer this is whoever owns and run this board. One of the problems is that people think they are free to do whatever you want on message boards just because they are on the internet. They tend to think that the internet is this magical freedom that no one owns and they deserve their right to free speech. In reality this here is the property of the people who run it and they should do it how they see fit.Originally Posted by SanDiegoDolphan
Just like you say a post will disappear if what they are going to do is wrong a lot of the poster would disappear and maybe someone will make a "more free" site.
THhat is my opinion
"If a woman has to choose between catching a fly ball and saving an infant's life, she will choose to save the infant's life without even considering if there is a man on base."
by Dave Berry
I would like to personally apologize for my "Jason Taylor is a bust" thread from yesterday.
I did not put enough thought into it, as I didn't put enough thought into the "start Shridonya" thread.
The truth is that I'm just a product of two sarcastic parents and choose to express myself that way.
I will refrain from entertaining this site in the future, saving my threads for serious "good" topics.
Again, sorry.
thank god
Thank you for standing up for the site, AJ.
The rest of us, let's do our part to take the site back by modeling the behavior we expect from others. I'm certainly not saying that we have to stop being funny or witty or sarcastic, just that if we think for a minute before posting - ESPECIALLY BEFORE STARTING A THREAD - we will improve our experience on the site.
This is my only online community; I choose to spend time here because I love the site, and because the staff and good members here are top-notch people whom I would hang out with in real life. I pledge to do my best to keep this community the best place to come for Miami Dolphins' news, information and discussion.


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Goldman Sachs is known for many things, and one of them is its grueling interview process. With so many of the best and brightest from the top colleges, universities and companies vying to work at the financial giant, it must carefully and yes – ruthlessly – pick its employees.
Notable about the above is that it wasn't always so. Indeed, back in 2000 GS's actions signaled that it was running a bit scared vis-à-vis its employees. Despite having just gone public in a share offering that richly rewarded its workers from top to bottom, those same employees were departing this most desirable of companies at a rapid rate for Silicon Valley and its even greater stock option riches.
Evidence that GS was fearful of losing its most valuable asset in the form of human capital was there for all to see. Suddenly employees that had already been showered with IPO shares were given even more restricted stock as a lure to stay put. At the same time Goldman instituted a "coolness committee" to make the world's most attractive destination for the talented even more attractive. And then in an embarrassing example of worried overreach, Goldman announced that "casual Friday" would be casual every day.
Fast forward to 2013 and Robert Samuelson writes that "On this Labor Day, American workers face a buyers' market." Samuelson goes on to quote a lefty economist for the Economic Policy Institute, Lawrence Mishel, who laments a sense " that the economy just doesn't produce good jobs anymore." Before workers and those desirous of unemployment give up, they might keep in mind the source of the Labor Day gloom.
Indeed, it was Samuelson who oddly observed in 2011 that "A specter haunts America: downward mobility. Every generation, we believe, should live better than its predecessors," but "For young Americans, the future could be dimmer." What was funny about Samuelson's sky-is-falling whine in 2011 is that it repeated nearly word for word what was written about Generation X amid the early '90s recession and its aftermath. Generation X, like the "Millennials" of today was supposedly doomed to a life of shirt folding at the GAP while living with the parents whose accomplishments it would not live up to.
When Samuelson wrote what he did in 2011, he seemingly forgot that by the late '90s, Generation X had not only moved out of the house, but that it had moved into residences that were far superior to the ones it was reared in. It's funny how a booming economy can turn goatee-rubbing slackers into Wall Street and Silicon Valley ruling centimillionaires and billionaires in a matter of years.
The history of Generation X and how it eventually put Starbucks Starbucks barista-hood and childhood bedrooms in its rear view mirror needs to be remembered in light of the downcast musings of Samuelson and Mishel in 2013. It's not that the U.S. economy "just doesn't produce good jobs anymore" as much bad policy from Washington has rendered good jobs a far more distant object. What's ironic is that the policies supported by Samuelson and other Keynesian-style thinkers help explain why the economy "just doesn't produce good jobs anymore."
Indeed, going back to President Obama's much-vaunted $787 billion government spending "stimulus" in 2009, Samuelson didn't even bother to question whether the extraction of $787 billion from a limping economy in order to redistribute it might be an unwise move. He didn't given his belief that reduced government spending is "precisely the wrong" step "in a severe slump." Samuelson's problem with the alleged "stimulus" back then was that it was mostly "a political exercise." Ok, by that funny logic, how is government spending whereby money is taken from one set of hands and placed in the hands of others ever not "a political exercise"?
Politics are naturally going to factor into how governments spend money, and this would be true in an economy-suffocating way no matter the political party in power. Once that which strangely confuses Samuelson is out of the way, a simple question reveals itself along the lines of who can allocate capital better: Barack Obama, John Boehner, Nancy Pelosi and Harry Reid, or Amazon's Jeff Bezos, FedEx's Fred Smith, Google's Sergey Brin, and Apple's Tim Cook? The question quickly answers itself, at which point the sentient among us may want to know why Samuelson allowed himself to be distracted by "a political exercise" to begin with. Back to reality, government spending always fails for it robbing those "in the arena" of growth capital that will by definition be wasted by the political class.
And while Samuelson revealed a bit more skepticism about the Fed's myriad "quantitative easing" (QE) programs, he strangely wrote last month that they were "an understandable gambit to reduce human suffering." Really? Money is tight at the moment for most Americans, QE is rooted in the devaluation of the money that Americans earn, yet in Samuelson's odd view of the world a devaluation of the paychecks earned by the "scared" American workers whose suffering pains him is somehow "an understandable gambit to reduce human suffering."
Back to simple economics, it doesn't take a PhD to understand that job creation is a function of investment. That's why when governments tax and borrow away dollars to spend they're as a rule consuming the very dollars that, if left in banks or brokerage accounts, would be lent to companies eager to grow. To government spend is to draw down private sector wages. Also notable here is that when investors commit capital, they are tautologically buying future dollar income streams. But if Fed efforts to "reduce human suffering" take the form of QE, the very investors who create jobs logically have a reduced incentive to buy future dollar income streams.
In Samuelson's defense, he understands that "strong growth" is what would tilt the playing field back in favor of workers. Notable there, though perhaps not obvious to Samuelson is that growth was impressive alongside the power of workers vis-à-vis employers from 1995-2000 when government spending was relatively light, and the dollar strong. Goldman Sachs surely wasn't sucking up to employees as much during the Bush/Obama years of nosebleed spending and dollar devaluing. What's apparently lost on Samuelson is how very inimical to "strong growth" is the government spending and QE that his columns indicate he supports.
Furthermore, it's decidedly not a good thing when "lifetime employment" is the norm, nor is it bad when "low performers" in companies are cut as Samuelson alludes. More realistically, lifetime employment likely signals workers not achieving their full potential in the way they would if profit-focused businesses forced the laggards out of work situations that don't match their skills. In a growing economy workers are constantly on the move, whether by choice, or by the choice of employers whose 'ruthless' cutting of mis-allocated labor is actually compassionate.
What's bad is what we have right now. Workers don't struggle because "the economy just doesn't produce good jobs anymore," rather they struggle thanks to the policies of government spending and QE that are anti-investment, and that Samuelson approves of. In short, the problem isn't an economy that is confused about how to grow as much as economies always grow unless they're being restrained by policies promoted by confused economists with big megaphones.