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Apparently people who want Victorino haven't checked out his numbers--
.251/.316/.389, 90 OPS+ -all career lows
* he has a limited no-trade clause
* he's also a free agent after this season. he earns $9.5/mill now
* plus, does anybody really think that the Yankees will trade low-cost rookies to pay this guy $9mill/yr for the next 4-5 years when they've been saying for the past couple of years how they want to decrease payroll?
#1- Jeter- dependable despite all the groundballs
#2- Cano- despite how badly he's done this season with RISP
#3- Arod- people concentrate on his failures too much. Jeter fails too.
#4- Chavez or Ibanez. Both understand situational hitting
#5- everybody else is equal
bronxtonj, let me say this in reply to your post, and then I'll be done with it---
-- I don't think he's slowed down that much in the field. I didn't say he was the best third baseman in the AL, but he's still pretty d@mn good- he's no liability in the field, that's for sure.
-- I don't think it should matter to the fans what a ballplayer is getting paid. I'm serious about that. IMHO, they are all overpaid, but then again I don't have 4 million people willing to overpay to watch me work every day, plus TV, internet and radio coverage. Arod isn't the sole reason Yankees tix are overpriced, so we shouldn't blame him or anyone else, and we shouldn't care what his paycheck says. Plus, no one put a gun to his head to sign the contract & no one put a gun to the Yankees' heads to make them offer all that money. I'd like to smack Hank around a bit, but shenanigans like that is why he's out of the picture now- which is a good thing. If you're a plumber and your customer wants to pay you $1000 for a $250 job, you'd take it, right?
-- Yes, a team leader. You think the players care that he took PEDs? Most of baseball did back then, a few probably still do. The whole Yankees team stood beside him in that press conference. It didn't matter that he was "outed" by that horrible woman, Selena Roberts, who worked so hard just to discredit him. I am so glad her book tanked. What matters is that he took responsibility for his actions. Aren't you sick & tired of the 99% of MLB-ers who say "over the counter at CVS" and a million other things to avoid responsibility? I'm one fan who is tired of being disrespected by baseball players.
-- My feelings on the whole PED issue are complicated, but basically here's who's at fault-- the players, the baseball execs and the fans. That's everybody- the players who took them, the execs who looked the other way & the fans who cheered like monkeys when ballplayers were hitting 60+ HRs each year, etc etc etc. So I don't blame any one person in particular. I'm just glad the MLB has tough rules & I hope they get tougher.
-- "his big $ contract limits the flexibility that the Yankees have in filling other gaps. They don't have an unlimited budget."-- I agree 100%. But that was a problem from the get go, so why bring it up now? The real problem is Arod's skills eroding in Year 5. I truly believe that if he becomes a liability in Year 6 or 7, the Yankees will do something creative about it. We'll just have to wait & see.
-- Yankees fans have a bad rep for booing their own ballplayers. I think those that boo should stop. I personally think Arod's brain gets scrambled in clutch situations because he tries too hard. I'm being serious- some people are calm (Jeter), Arod gets jittery. I think we should get off his back, even be more supportive, and I think he'd relax and allow his talent (and he still has a lot of talent) to take over.
Good conversation.
Nick Swisher may be a fun guy, but he is absolutely NOT VITAL to the Yankees team.
I would get rid of him in a NY minute for a good fielding outfielder who has a better OBP, fewer HRs, but knows how to bat with runners on base. All Swish knows what to do is swing from his heels all the time. He's a big part of the Yankees' failure to score runs. And he stinks in the postseason, every time.
Everybody thinks Swisher is one of the team leaders in OBP, but this season he's only 5th on the team. He is taking much less pitches, swinging much more. He's in a contract year, does anyone think it's related?
Yankees fans' expectations for a man earning $25-30 million/year are unrealistically high. Yankees fans booed him in 2005 and 2007 when he won 2 MVP's and had 102 HRs and 286 RBIs.
If you take his numbers as a Yankee and average them over 160 games, he hits 39 HRs and 124 RBIs. Yes, his RISP numbers this season are down, just like many other Yankees (Cano's RISP numbers are worse!). Yes, he does have a tendency to pop up or strike out with RISP. Yes, he hits meaningless HRs many times. And yes, his skills are deteriorating, whether its because of the steroids he used to take or just age catching up with him, or bad karma or whatever, but there it is.
I frankly don't like him, and I've written that many times in my Pride of the Yankees blog over the years. I didn't want the Yankees to sign him after the 2007 season, and I don't think Cashman wanted to either. Remember how he tried to upstage the World Series? Back then I thought anything more than 6 years was too much, and the Yankees would hamstring themselves tying up so much money into one person, just like what happened to the Rangers. Blame Hank Steinbrenner for doing what he thought his father wanted. But it is what it is, and there are 5 years left on his contract unless the Yankees buy him out or something.
But you have to give him at least a little bit of credit--
1) Without Arod, we don't win in 2009. Seriously, that should go a long way with Yankees fans.
2) He is still an exceptional third baseman.
3) Right now, he is tied with Jeter & Grandy for the 2nd best on-base % on the team, and there is a big drop-off after that. Many baseball people think OBP is a more important stat than batting average.
4) He may not have as much power anymore, but he is a very aggressive baserunner who is usually successful when he tries for a base. People, he TRIES to make things happen!
5) I think he's a better team leader for the youngsters than anybody, and that includes the standoffish Jeter.
6) He stood up & admitted his steroid use. That was hard to do. I didn't see "the beloved Big Papi" do that when he was caught. (ps- what a silly name)
All I'm trying to say is that Arod may not hit 50 or 40 or even 30 HRs but he still has value. He doesn't belong at #4, but he's not a terrible #3 hitter, and if everyone can get over how much he's being paid, you would realize that he's actually a fairly productive ballplayer. Save the boos for the other teams.
Everybody always dwells on Arod.
When you score 8 runs and lose you should blame the pitching.
That's John Sterling's self-appointed job, and he's always up to that task, despite the fact that he's not usually up to the task of good baseball play-by-play.
If it's me, I don't try to "replace" Nick Swisher. I don't want another 25-30HR, one-dimensional hitter in this lineup. I go for someone who has good defensive skills, less power, a good OBP, good speed and a reputation for smart situational batting. No I don't have anyone in mind, but those guys are out there. And I wouldn't worry about having room in a couple of years for those top OF prospects either. I expect the Yankees to resign Grandy, but you know- Gardner will be arbitration-eligible next spring & can be a free agent after 2014. That's not so far away, plus Gardner has also been very injury-prone. It's not inconceivable that if the Yankees signed Melky, Gardner would be the odd man out when Austin & Williams are ready.
I doubt the Yankees are all that interested in Melky though. I'd give it a 1-in-5 chance.
Mickey, I don't see it happening. Too high a price to trade for, too high a salary cost, Joba returns soon and so will Aardsma, providing an all-time bullpen for the postseason....
No, I don't see it happening.
Melky a Yankee? Gentlemen, your request is my command!
I just released a new post, hope you like it.
Schultz, you don't come 'round here often enough anymore. It's good to see you.
I know everybody wants to bat Arod down in the lineup, but he is #2 on the team in OBP. You don't want to bury him. I agree he is rapidly becoming a shadow of his former self but he still can affect a ballgame.
I'll take a crack at a lineup--
#1- (R) SS Jeter - 3rd best OBP on the team.
#2- (L) CF Granderson - I want him at #3, but Cano is #4. 4th best OBP.
#3- (R) 3B Arod - he has second best OBP on the team, and is a smart baserunner
#4- (L) 2B Cano - best hitter on the team
#5- (S) 1B Teixeira - I am feeling a lot better about him recently. A good #5 if he's 'right'.
#6- (L) LF Ibanez - A smarter hitter than I thought. At least he tries with situational hitting.
#7- (S) RF Swisher - All or nothing approach. He's productive, but his OBP is way down this year.
#8- (L) DH Chavez - A smart hitter. Switching him with Ibanez wouldn't be terrible.
#9- (R) C Stewart/Martin - a weak spot this season.
That's the lineup vs righties. Looks a lot like Girardi's, that's why I don't criticize him.
Against lefties I would take out Ibanez & Chavez and replace with Jones and Wise.
One big problem is weak coverage for Cano, unless Teixeira can re-assert himself. I think that's a huge reason why Cano isn't having an even better season. If Tex falls flat again, you switch him with Ibanez vs righties, and against lefties you have Swish-Tex-Jones at #5-6-7 depending on who's hot, then Wise & catcher.
If Tex regains his stroke and gets on base more frequently again, I would bump him to #3 and either drop Arod & Cano down one, or flip Tex with Arod. Either way works.
And it's easy to find the other problem- batting with RISP. Except for #1-4, you have low average hitters with subpar OBP, one after the other. Chavez is the smartest of that group, otherwise not a single one in #5-9 knows what to do in a situational hitting situation, except swing from the heels. So the baserunners ending up stagnating on the bases.
Nova since 2011 AS Game--
28 starts, 18-6, 3.62 ERA, averages 6 2/3 IP/start
* his bat is 31 ounces for increased bat speed through the hitting zone.
* 2LivenDieinLA , you need to separate Cano & Grandy in the lineup. Cano has to bat in the middle of the lineup and you want to keep the 2 lefties apart. Despite his BA, Grandy has the fourth best OBP on the team so you have to bat him higher in the lineup to take advantage of that. You don't construct a lineup to give Grandy better individual numbers.
Prof, this is going to sound nasty... but I think under that everlasting smile of his is a very selfish ballplayer. He is not playing 'for the team'. Obviously the $26 million he's already earned over his career isn't enough for him to stay patient at the plate in 2012.
The Wildwood boardwalk is biggest and best, with several huge piers that extend into the ocean. Wildwood also has a beach that is many times as wide as any of the above-named locations. Most days you see dolphins just offshore. It's well worth the extra drive.
DJ Mitchell up, Adam Warren down & Phelps starts in Sabathia's place next time.
I didn't watch the game so I'll go with your reports guys. I did listen to the first 6 innings while driving to the Jersey shore.
Gotta tell ya, the John & Suzyn Show, which I've been complaining about for several years, gets worse all the time. So many miscalls, John constantly talking over Suzyn... uh, it makes me crazy. And I think Sterling must be going blind- pretty much every call to the area of the outfield wall makes him stop for a few seconds before he reports it and even then Suzyn often reports it somewhat differently after the play has ended. Case in point- on Grandy's 1st inning HR Sterling described it & then stopped for about 2-3 seconds because I guess he couldn't tell if it cleared the wall. Then Suzyn, not 1 minute later, says it was "a tremendous HR". Sounds contradictory, right? Later on, I watched the replay and it was obviously a HR with no attempted catch, and about 3 rows in. It's hard for me to understand how there are Yankees fans who enjoy the Yankees radio team, yet there are. I think people get suckered in with his pre-programmed HR calls. Last night I heard-- "Curtis, you're something sort of grandish! The Candy Man can, the Candy Man!" OK, it's cute, but I'll take a broadcaster who is quick & accurate over Sterling in a heartbeat. The Yankees will never ditch Waldman because 'The Boss' loved her and enough fans seem to like Sterling so we're stuck with what is about the worst play by play team in baseball, and I've listened to many of the other teams' broadcasts thanks to XM & MLB Gameday Audio. You know why it kills me? Because radio and baseball are so perfect together and THIS is what we've got!
ps- the ChiSox broadcast team also stinks, different reasons. Imagine you are listening to a couple of 12-year olds.
Most Effective Pitcher-- Dewayne Wise! Pretty funny! And Jones looked better, I guess, than Thursday evening's PH debacle.
Meanwhile I hope Warren starts again, although now the Yankees could start Phelps, which frankly might make more sense. I'm curious which way Girardi will go on that. This afternoon it's Kuroda vs Peavy-- I'd like to see Kuroda quiet down the ChiSox' bats. I'll be listening to it on a hot & sandy 'Joisey' beach, combining 2 of my all-time favorite things-- baseball on the radio, on the beach. Maybe today I'll get a good broadcast and a Yankees win? One can hope....
Let me add a couple more--
-- The Boss was one of baseball's greatest innovators ever, but I mean that in the financial/marketing sense only. I do NOT mean that regarding the on-field product, where he had -zero- baseball sense. That didn't stop him from interfering constantly.
-- The Boss was a very poor manager of people. You can look up all the smart, young baseball people he had in the organization in the 1970s & 1980s who went on to success elsewhere. The way The Boss treated them, who can blame them for leaving? There are several current baseball execs who started out in the Yankees' organization during that period.
-- He gave his Manager & GM no authority. The GM revolving door policy of the 1980s single-handedly destroyed what should have been a Yankees dynasty. Instead the organization fell apart in 1990, and it took his forced departure for the Yankees (Stick-Showalter) to regroup, and then acquire & retain top talent.
I find it interesting that people pine for The Boss. How true it is, as time passes, we tend to remember only the good things. Howard Spira, anyone? And I think everybody has forgotten how he tried to turn the Yankees into a small-ball, speed-based team for the 1982 season. That winter of 1981-1982 he signed Dave Collins & traded away super setup man Ron Davis for Roy Smalley, Bob Watson for Scott Patterson, and traded away up & coming stars Willie McGee (for Bob Sykes), Greg Gagne (in the Smalley deal), and Pat Tabler for Jay Howell. Howell had 2 bad seasons for the Yankees and one good one & then was traded in the Rickey Henderson deal & was great after that for the A's & Dodgers.
(I could go on & on)
Grandy in #5 would be fine, but I don't want Arod in #6. That's too far down, his OBP is still good. The downside to Cano-Grandy is having 2 power lefties in a row- that would make the opposing manager's job a little easier in the late innings. And then who goes into #2 & #3? You want a good OBP guy. Maybe stick Arod in one of those spots. But then who gets the other spot? It's not Swisher this season. I personally think Swisher has changed his batting style because he's playing for a new contract. So the team is one person short in the #2-3 spot. Teixeira has really screwed up the lineup formation with his diminishing BA and OBP. He used to be a decent #3, no more. Now he's a #6 at best.


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"10 Ways to Produce a Wireframe Image in 3Ds Max" by Michael Grote
Method 1:
This is simply a screen grab from the viewport ('Print Screen' key) when in wireframe mode ('F3′ Key) and 'Backface Cull' is ticked in the object properties. 'Backface Cull' is pretty important for this type of image as the wireframe behind can and does make the image very busy and difficult to see what's going on.
Method 2:
This is a render after applying a standard black material with the 'Wire' box ticked at the top of the material options. This looks similar to method 1 but you should notice that it produces and much cleaner looking image than before mainly due to anti-aliasing.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Hang tight!
Recipe by sue walker
"This is my favorite pie. The addition of raisins makes it sweet and raisin flavored. Love it!"
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1 recipe
pastry for a 9 inch double crust pie
2 cups
fresh strawberries, halved lengthwise
4 cups
rhubarb, stalks only, sliced 1/2 inch thick
1/2 cup
raisins, or to taste
6 tablespoons
all-purpose flour
1 1/4 cups
white sugar
1/4 teaspoon
ground ginger
egg white, beaten
1 1/2 tablespoons
unsalted butter, diced
Using a pre-made bottom pie crust and a rolled out pie crust for the top, the pie baked rather nicely. I followed the recipe for the filling as stated, but found that when my pie baked, it spilled out horribly every where in the baking pan I placed the pie on for spilling purposes. Even with 1 1/4 cup of sugar the pie filling was rather tart. Hubby didn't care for it...son and I agreed it was okay, we are not big on tart fruit pies, 2 of my 3 daughters said it was good with ice cream. Not sure if I will go all out and make again. Just because it was so so in my house. However, if you are a real big fan of Rhubarb, then it's probably for you.
2 Ratings
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Strawberry Raisin Rhubarb Pie
Serving Size: 1/8 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 8
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 447
Calories from Fat: 157
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The rhubarb and strawberry dessert is sweet enough and goes great with ice cream.


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This is a common practice all across the state, specially in Hudson County. I suffered this myself for almost 16 years of service and got tired of this practice and resigned. Teachers are working in a system where if you don't contribute or become part of the machinery, you get eaten or discriminated against, becoming their worst enemy. You have school board officials, school administrators, union leaders, asking teachers to pay for political campaign tickets or to campaign to receive after-school, or even extra jobs during school hours. It is not weird to see the same exact faces getting all these jobs every year. And we are still wondering why there are so many teachers, who in a way or another go through arbitration or resign every year. Why do we have to be interrupted during class hours to be be offered political campaign tickets? I don't doubt of salary raises and even job promotions based on how much you contribute. Union representation is weak at this time as most of its officials are aware of this practice, and are big contributors to the machinery. If you look around you, you can see a lot of faces, who are living in fear, a lot of mouths, that are shut cause they are scared of telling the truth,a lot of sharp minds that are fading away cause they are not allowed to think right. Isn't it high time already for a thorough investigation in all these urban districts? Why do we still have to teach in systems like this? Why are we losing all these many good professionals because of corrupted officials and politicians?The Union City School district has all the answers to many of these questions.


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Residents can dispose of expired, unused and unwanted prescription drugs during Drug Take Back Day on Oct. 26.
People can bring unused medications for disposal to one of 11 sites in Montgomery County between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., with no questions asked. Experts say such collections are often the safest way to dispose of drugs.
Gaithersburg's drop-off locations include the police station, 14 Fulks Corner Ave., and the county's 6th District police station, 45 W. Watkins Mill Road.
More information is at gaithersburgmd.gov.


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Alyssa Campanella
|Beauty pageant titleholder
|Alyssa Marie Campanella
March 21, 1990
Manalapan, New Jersey, U.S.
|Los Angeles, California, U.S.
|Miss New Jersey Teen USA 2007
Miss California USA 2011
Miss USA 2011
|Miss Teen USA 2007
(1st Runner-Up)
Miss USA 2011
Miss Universe 2011
(Top 16)
Alyssa Marie Campanella (born March 21, 1990) is an American actress, fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the 2011 Miss USA pageant.
She was named the first runner-up in the 2007 Miss Teen USA pageant while representing New Jersey and represented California in the 2011 Miss USA pageant. As the reigning Miss USA, she represented the United States in the Miss Universe 2011 pageant held in São Paulo, Brazil, in September 2011, where she finished in the top 16. She is currently a fashion and food blogger.
Early life[edit]
Campanella was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey on March 21, 1990. She grew up in Manalapan and attended Freehold Township High School in Freehold Township. At age 17, she attended the NY Conservatory for Dramatic Arts where she studied acting for film and television. She also attended the Institute of Culinary Education.
Personal life[edit]
Her father is of Italian descent (from Naples) and her mother is of Danish and German ancestry. Her maternal grandfather immigrated from Helsingør in Denmark.[1]
In 2013 she posed partially nude, with 3 other Miss USA winners for a PETA anti-fur campaign to "put an end" to the use of fur coats as award prizes in pageantries.[2]
On June 12, 2015 it was announced that she and her longtime boyfriend Torrance Coombs are engaged.
Miss Teen USA[edit]
In October 2006, Campanella was crowned Miss New Jersey Teen USA 2007 and represented her state at Miss Teen USA 2007, broadcast live from Pasadena, California on August 24, 2007, placing first runner up to eventual winner, Hilary Cruz of Colorado.[3] She is currently the highest placing New Jersey teen state titleholder in the Miss Teen USA competition. She is the most successful contestant from New Jersey - having placed 1st runner up at Miss Teen USA and later winning Miss USA (even though she represented California).
Miss USA[edit]
Campanella competed in the Miss New Jersey USA pageant twice, placing first runner-up in 2008[4] and in the top fifteen in 2009.[5]
On November 21, 2010, she competed in the Miss California USA pageant and won the title. She was the first Miss Teen USA state delegate to represent California at Miss USA since Shauna Gambill in 1998.[6] She was heavily favored by oddsmakers to win the title of Miss USA.[7]
On June 19, 2011, she won the Miss USA title in Las Vegas, Nevada. She is the second redhead and the first Miss Teen USA first runner up to win the Miss USA title. Her sister titleholders were Danielle Doty of Texas and Leila Lopes of Angola.
In July 2011, Campanella attended the Miss Teen USA 2011 competition in the Bahamas.[8] She also traveled to Los Angeles, California to attend the premiere of Captain America: The First Avenger.[9]
In October 2011, Campanella traveled to Chicago on behalf of the USO for their Star Spangled Banner Salute Gala. She also traveled to Boston to promote breast cancer awareness month with Susan G. Komen for the Cure.[10]
In November 2011, Campanella traveled to the Bahamas to attend the Battle 4 Atlantis Basketball competition with several state titleholders about to compete at Miss USA 2012. In December 2011, Campanella traveled to Pensacola, Florida before traveling to Cannes and Monaco for the Five Star Diamond Awards. She traveled back to Los Angeles to attend the First Annual American Giving Awards on NBC.[11] She then traveled to North Carolina to make an appearance at Tribute to the Troops.[12]
In January 2012, Campanella traveled to Palm Springs, California to attend the Miss California USA 2012 pageant. She also attended the Miss Nevada USA 2012 pageant in Las Vegas later that month, where she was a special guest at the grand opening of 1Oak at the The Mirage.
In March 2012, Campanella traveled to Germany with her sister titleholders for a week-long USO/Armed Forces Entertainment tour on March 9–14, 2012. In May 2012, Campanella traveled to Orlando, Florida to cohost the Runway for Hope fashion show with Mario Lopez [13] before traveling to Las Vegas to pass on her crown. On June 3, 2012, Campanella crowned Olivia Culpo as her successor in Las Vegas, who ultimately went on to win the title of Miss Universe.
During her reign she traveled numerous trips across the United States and made many appearances throughout New York City. She also traveled to Cannes, Monaco, Brazil, Germany, Canada, and the Bahamas.
Miss Universe[edit]
As Miss USA 2011, she went on to compete at Miss Universe 2011 in Sao Paulo, Brazil,[14] from August 19-September 12, 2011 and placed in the top 16.[15][16]
Other work[edit]
Campanella began modeling at age 16 in New York City and has appeared in Marie Claire, Allure, InStyle, Elle, and Women's Health magazines. She has modeled in campaigns for Sherri Hill, Aloxxi International, and Conair. Campanella has modeled in Mercedes Benz Fashion Week in New York City in 2010, 2011, and 2012. Campanella appeared in Old Navy's "Bold is the New Black" commercial in 2012.[17] Campanella stars as a "Hotbot" in a Super Bowl 2013 commercial to introduce Kia Motors' new 2014 Forte Compact Sedan.[18]
In January 2012, she was one of eight celebrities participating in the Food Network reality series Rachael vs. Guy: Celebrity Cook-Off. She was eliminated in the second week of the competition.[19]
She now runs a fashion and food blog called "Jumpers & Jasmine." [20]
- ^ "Alyssa Campanella, Miss USA 2011: Where Model Meets Miss (Exclusive Interview)". Thejlublog.com. 2011-05-09. Retrieved 2012-08-25.
- ^ http://www.eonline.com/news/429232/miss-usa-winners-pose-naked-in-sexy-new-peta-ad-check-it-out?cmpid=rss-000000-rssfeed-365-topstories&utm_source=eonline&utm_medium=rssfeeds&utm_campaign=rss_topstories
- ^ "Colorado Woman Crowned Miss Teen USA". The Washington Post. Associated Press. August 24, 2007. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
- ^ "New Jersey 2009". Turn for the Judges. October 19, 2008. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
- ^ "New Jersey 2010". Turn for the Judges. October 18, 2009. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
- ^ Gruszecki, Debra (November 22, 2010). "Glitz, glamour, gowns". The Desert Sun (Palm Springs, CA). Retrieved November 22, 2010.
- ^ Wilson, Simone (June 16, 2011). "Miss USA 2011: L.A.'s Own Alyssa Campanella? Vegas Oddsmakers Say Miss California Redhead Will Win". LA Weekly. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
- ^ https://sg.news.yahoo.com/photos/newly-crowned-miss-teen-usa-2011-danielle-doty-photo-171008475.html
- ^ http://www.zimbio.com/pictures/tRiqF3NjUx3/Captain+America+First+Avenger+Los+Angeles/hpJywviYYgD/Alyssa+Campanella
- ^ http://www.boston.com/yourtown/news/allston_brighton/2011/10/qa_miss_usa_2011_alyssa_campan.html
- ^ http://www.zimbio.com/photos/Alyssa+Campanella/American+Giving+Awards+2011/ZqA5uwNMW5c
- ^ http://www.wwe.com/shows/tributetothetroops/2011/tribute-to-the-troops-announcement-2011
- ^ http://www.orlandomagazine.com/Orlando-Magazine/July-2012/Fashion-Statements/
- ^ "Alyssa Campanella wins Miss USA 2011". BeautyMania.biz. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
- ^ Miss Angola Wins Title of Miss Universe 2011 (VIDEO)
- ^ "Angola's Leila Lopes takes Miss Universe 2011 crown". USA Today. September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
- ^ Old Navy Commercial
- ^ Super Bowl Commercial 2013
- ^ Rachael vs. Guy Celebrity Cook-Off: New Show Premieres This Winter
- ^ [1]
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alyssa Campanella.
- Official website
- Miss USA website
- Miss Universe website
- Miss California USA website
- Official Miss New Jersey Teen USA website – Past titleholders
|Awards and achievements
|Preceded by
Rima Fakih
|Miss USA
|Succeeded by
Olivia Culpo
|Preceded by
Nicole Johnson
|Miss California USA
|Succeeded by
Katie Blair
|Preceded by
Julianna White
|Miss New Jersey Teen USA
|Succeeded by
Michelle Leonardo
- 1990 births
- Living people
- American beauty pageant winners
- American people of Danish descent
- American people of Italian descent
- Beauty pageant contestants from California
- Beauty pageant contestants from New Jersey
- Miss Teen USA 2007 delegates
- Miss Universe 2011 contestants
- Miss USA 2011 delegates
- Miss USA winners
- Participants in American reality television series
- People from Manalapan Township, New Jersey
- People from Los Angeles, California


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Gloucester City's season ends in defeat as Guiseley secure play-off spot
Posted: April 27, 2014|
GLOUCESTER City's fifth season of Skrill North football ended in defeat at Guiseley, who confirmed a play-off place after battling back to seal a win.
Despite City taking an early lead through Billy Jones' long-range effort, Guiseley rallied heading into the break with two goals from hot-shot striker Adam Boyes.
With ten minutes remaining substitute Michael Potts beat the offside trap to put the contest out of reach.
Tim Harris' men stunned Nethermoor Park in the third minute after a wonderful low-free kick from Jones rifled into the bottom corner, silencing a large crowd.
It could have been two shortly after with Adam Mann breaking through a gap in the Guiseley defence, but his effort was shot straight at Steven Drench.
The contest opened up with Boyes blasting into the side-netting to signal a warning for the City defence.
A second Tigers free-kick tested Drench, this time Lewis Hogg forcing a smart save from the Guiseley keeper.
The Nethermoor outfit turned up a gear with Oli Johnson finding his way through the Tigers backline, but goalkeeper Mike Green pulled off a terrific save.
The Tigers had to endure two early injuries with both Hogg and Will Morford limping off in the opening 20 minutes.
The City keeper stood firm again thwarting Boyes excellently from six yards out, before denying Johnson again for a third brilliant save in five minutes.
Harris' side were aggrieved with Nat Jarvis' finish being disallowed for a push by Mann in the build-up, but the striker was denied a second goal for the club.
The comeback began in earnest on the half hour with Boyes finding space behind Matt Coupe and Jack Harris and he coolly slotted home into the bottom corner.
The lethal striker then struck the crossbar, as the wind was thoroughly in the Lion's sails.
Johnson and Boyes continued to cause trouble up top, but Matt Groves could have easily restored City's lead if it hadn't have been for a brilliant Drench save from the winger's half-volley.
However, Guiseley took the lead just before the break as Green parried Wayne Brooksby's shot into the path of Boyes who tapped home the rebound.
Gavin Rothery looked to increase the Yorkshire side's lead with two efforts that both went well over.
With the scoreline from Guiseley's play-off rivals Boston filtering through, the home side seemed to relax and allowed the Tigers more of the ball.
Only a heroic goal-line sliding clearance stopped City equalising after Ed Williams had played a sumptuous ball to Mann who's clipped finish beat Drench but didn't cross the line.
The Tigers began to play possession football but couldn't convert a large period with the ball to a meaningful chance in front of goal.
Guiseley confirmed the victory ten minutes from time after Potts beat the offside trap, took the ball around Green and tucked the ball away.
Guiseley: S. Drench, A. Holdsworth, B.Parker, D. Hall, D. Ellis, J. Lawlor, W. Brooksby, D. Boshell, A. Boyes (K. Holsgrove 59), O. Johnson (M. Potts 70), G. Rothery
Subs not used: R. Meynell, R. Williams, S. Dickinson
Gloucester City: M. Green, M. Green, B. Jones, M. Coupe, J. Harris, T. Webb, L. Hogg (M. Giglio 17), M. Groves (E. Williams 65), A. Mann, W. Morford (N. Jarvis 20), J. Gosling
Subs not used: R. Winters, M. Rose
Attendance: 748


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A former Staunton River High School teacher will serve seven months in prison for a sexual relationship he had with a 16-year-old student on school property in 2005.
David Allen Cherry, 39, of Forest was found guilty Monday in Bedford County Circuit Court by Judge James Updike of seven misdemeanor charges of contributing to the delinquency of a minor in the case. Cherry entered Alford pleas to the charges which mean he accepts the guilty verdict in his own best interest while not conceding his guilt in the case.
A recent incident in which a 21-year-old man traveled to Bedford county to allegedly run off with a 13-year-old girl illustrates the dark side of the Internet, local authorities state.
Thanks to Rick
My first move when the Bedford Bulletin arrives is to open to the editorial page and read Rick Howell's column. He does such a great job of demonstrating the ridiculous thought processes of today's liberals. This week in the Feb. 4th issue he practically gushed defending the pork, oops sorry, "special interest" provisions in this "spend our budget into oblivion" bill.
Over the years Operation Blue Ridge Thunder has taken its share of criticism. In fact, during the last sheriff's race, Bedford County Sheriff Mike Brown was often taken to task by claims from opponents that he brought criminals into the community through the effort, because of the nature of the program. Last week's events in Bedford County should put a halt to such talk.
By now just about everyone knows about the digital TV transition. Three years ago Congress passed legislation setting a hard deadline for television stations to stop broadcasting their signal in analog format. This transition from analog to digital, known as the Digital TV (DTV) transition, was scheduled to take place on February 17, 2009. However, this last week Congress passed short-sighted legislation which delays the upcoming DTV transition for four months.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has advised claims for reimbursement of out-of-pocket medical expenses incurred during 2007 will be accepted beginning January 1, 2009.
This week the Bedford Museum and Genealogical Library continues to honor those that are making history today.
Bedford is proud of Anthony Poindexter who has been Defensive Backs Coach for the football team at the University of Virginia for eight years. He was raised in Forest and attended elementary school at New London Academy. He graduated from Jefferson Forest High School and majored in anthropology at University of Virginia, graduating in 1999.
We're approaching the midway point of the 2008 session, commonly known as "crossover." Before Valentine's Day arrives, both the House and the Senate will have completed work on all the bills submitted by their own members, and also will have approved their respective versions of amendments to Virginia's biennial budget.
From where I live in Roanoke I can hear the factory whistle blow several times a day. It produces a lonely wail first at 7 a.m., at noon and 12:30 p.m. for the lunch break, and then at 3 p.m. for the end of first shift.
My son and I have passed the factory many times as we've walked to the Roanoke River. We never knew what the initials "FWC" stood for. Recently, I saw familiar footage of the factory grounds on television.
Although the weekend's weather was quite mild, cool rather than cold, the big chill we had last week made me think of a story I did in January.
I had heard that the city and county "Democrats" were having Weed at a joint meeting at the Welcome Center. Wondering if the sheriff knew about this, I took a camera and notebook and went there to check it out.
Copyright © 2015
The Bedford Bulletin is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Bedford County and Bedford, VA and the surrounding area.


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BAGGY WILDLIFE: Find out more about the Kestral which swoops over the headline
Posted: May 08, 2014|
Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)
Other names: windhover, mouse falcon, blood hawk and windsucker
Identification: small, chestnut brown bird of prey that is frequently seen hovering over Baggy Point. The male has a blue-grey head. That of the female is brown. Yellow feet and yellow ring around eye.
Easily mistaken for: peregrine falcon which swoops around Baggy like a Top Gun fighter jet and can dive at speeds of 200mph. The peregrine has a square tail that is as short as it is wide. The tail of the kestrel is longer and narrower.
Favourite haunts: grassland, farmland.
Favourite snack: short-tailed voles but will eat other small rodents, frogs and lizards.
Top speed: can swoop onto prey at 65mph.
Special powers: manoeuvrability and special vision.
While hovering kestrels have the extraordinary ability to keep their head totally still, even in the strongest of winds while their body moves around. This allows them to pinpoint and catch small mammals by sight alone.
Kestrels are able to see well into the ultra-violet spectrum. This enables them to track voles through grass very easily especially in May when the grass is shorter, as voles mark their trail with urine, which reflects ultra-violet light. This sends out a big beacon to the kestrels and at the end of the trail, there is the vole itself or its nest.
Current activity: During May, the kestrels are either sitting on eggs or feeding their newly hatched chicks. Kestrels do not build their own nests. They use old nests of other large birds such as crows and pigeons, or the eggs are laid in a hole in a tree, a crevice in a wall or cliff face.


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Aiken has ties to several of the finalists for tomorrow evenings 42nd edition of the Eclipse Awards, which will be held at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Fla.
His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoums Darley Stable is a finalist in the outstanding breeder category, and his Godolphin Racing is a finalist in the outstanding owner division. Aiken resident Jacqueline Ohrstroms Demonstrative, a winner of three stakes races in 2012, is a finalist in the outstanding steeplechase horse category. Godolphin Racings Questing (GB), a winner of the third jewel of the New York Racing Associations Triple Tiara, is also among the finalists in the Three-Year-Old female division.
Darley has its breaking and training division in Aiken, and a number of their Grade 1 winners trained over the Aiken Training Track, a list that includes the 2012 Aiken Trained Horse of the Year Alpha, Better Lucky, Emcee and the 2011 Aiken Trained Horse of the Year Its Tricky.
Were very proud to be a part of the team, said Tim Jones, Darleys trainer in Aiken. Its quite an honor to be recognized. Were just glad to be able to make a contribution, and were all working toward the same goal. Weve been very blessed to work with these kind of horses.
A daughter of the 2004 Horse of the Year Ghostzapper, was among those that came through the program, and the filly chose to win her first Grade 1 in the last start of her sophomore campaign. Better Luckys Grade 1 victory came in the Matriarch Stakes at Betfair Hollywood Park on Nov. 25 at odds of 35/1. She had a stakes score earlier in the year, capturing the 1 1/16-mile Grade 2 Sands Point Stakes on May 28 at Belmont Park.
She was a pleasant surprise, said Jones. Those are the horses that were looking for.
Godolphin Racing, a finalist in the Eclipse Award owner category, captured seven Grade 1s in 2012, Its Tricky, the Ogden Phipps; Questing (GB), the Coaching Club American Oaks and the Alabama; Emcee, the Forego Handicap; Dance Card, the Gazelle and Alpha dead heated for first in the Travers Stakes.
Jacqueline Ohrstroms Demonstrative won two Grade 1s, the New York Turf Writers Handicap in August at Saratoga, and the bay gelding would close the year with a win in the Colonial Cup at Camdens Springdale Race Course. The son of Elusive Quality is trained by Richard Valentine.
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PC given cold shoulder by GTA IV: The Complete Edition
Game developer Rockstar is to re-release the hugely successful Grand Theft Auto IV game on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3, for the first time including the two additional game add-ons in one 'complete' package.
Grand Theft Auto IV: The Complete Edition, which has been marked with an October 26th release in the US by online retailer Amazon, will contain the original GTA IV game staring Niko Bellic and his arrival in Liberty City as well as the two expansion packs, the Lost and Damned and the Ballard of Gay Tony.
With a stateside price coming in at a penny under $40, Rockstar will be looking to further capitalise on the success and popularity of GTA IV that saw the game shift over 13 million units following its launch in 2008. No Complete Edition package has been announced for the PC.
Whilst an official release date and pricing for the UK has yet to be announced, developer Rockstar has confirmed that Grand Theft Auto IV: The Complete Edition will indeed be landing on this side of the Atlantic with further details to be announced in the coming weeks.
For all the latest on the UK launch of GTA IV: The Complete Edition check back to T3 or follow us via the T3 Twitter and Facebook accounts.


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The present invention provides 1-Hydroxy-3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid of formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or C1 -C4 alkyl and the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.
The present invention also provides processes for the preparation of a diphosphonic acid of formula I and pharmaceutical compositions containing it for the treatment of diseases of the calcium metabolism.
1. A diphosphonate compound of the formula ##STR9## wherein R is hydrogen, and the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.
2. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of calcium metabolism disturbance or disease containing an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1 in pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
3. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of calcium metabolism disturbance or disease containing an effective amount in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier of 1-hydroxy-3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid.
4. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of calcium metabolism disturbance or disease comprising administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1.
5. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of calcium metabolism disturbance or disease comprising administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of 1-hydroxy-3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein 0.001-10 mg P/Kg of the pharmaceutically acceptable diphosphonate compound are administered per day.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein 0.01-10 mg P/Kg of the pharmaceutically acceptable disphosphonate are administered per day.
The present invention relates to 1-Hydroxy-3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, processes for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing it.
Federal Republic of Germany Patent Specification No. 18 13 659 describes diphosphonic acid derivatives, of which 1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid has achieved importance as an agent for the treatment of Paget's disease. Federal Republic of Germany Patent Specification Nos. 29 43 498 and 27 02 631, European Patent Specification No. 96-931-A and Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 457, 214 (1979) describe 1-Hydroxy-3-(N,N-dialkylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acids as good calcium complex formers which can also be used for the treatment of increased bone resorption.
Federal Republic of Germany Patent Specification No. 25 34 391 claimed 1-Hydroxy-3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid in the general formula, but it is not described as an example or as a preferred compound.
Compared with the described substances in this patent we now found that this compound which is unsymmetrically dialkylated at the nitrogen atom can also be used as a good calcium complex former, but it is much more effective for the broader treatment of calcium metabolism disturbances and of good tolerance. In particular, it can be well used where the bone formation and breakdown is disturbed, i.e. it can be used for the treatment of diseases of the skeletal system, for example osteoporosis, Paget's disease, Bechterew's diseases and the like.
However, on the basis of these properties, it can also be used for the therapy of bone metastases, urolithiasis and for the prevention of heterotopic ossifications. Due to its influence on calcium metabolism, it also forms a basis for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and degenerative arthrosis.
Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided 1-Hydroxy-3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen or C1 -C4 alkyl, and the pharmacologically compatible salts thereof.
The claimed di- and tetraesters are preferably the methyl, ethyl or isobutyl esters.
The compound of formula (I) according to the present invention can be preferably prepared by known processes as follows:
(a) a carboxylic acid of the formula: ##STR3## is reacted with a mixture of phosphorus acid or phosphoric acid and a phosphorus halide or a phosphorus halide oxide and subsequently saponified to a free diphosphonic acid of formula (I), wherein R is hydrogen; or
(b) a carboxylic acid chloride of the formula: ##STR4## is reacted with a trialkyl phosphite of the general formula:
wherein R' is an alkyl radical containing up to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl, ethyl or isobutyl radical, to give an acyl phosphonate of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R' has the above-given meaning, which is subsequently reacted with a dialkyl phosphite of the general formula: ##STR6## wherein R' has the above-given meaning, to give a diphosphonate of the formula: ##STR7## wherein R' has the above-given meaning, and the resultant tetraester is optionally saponified to the corresponding diester or free 1-Hydroxy-3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid of formula (I); or
(c) a compound of the general formula: ##STR8## wherein R' has the above-given meaning, is methylated and the resultant tetraester is optionally saponified to the corresponding diester or free 1-Hydroxy-3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid of formula (I) and, if desired, the compound thus prepared is converted into its pharmacologically compatible salts.
The carboxylic acid of formula (II) used in process (a) is reacted with 1 to 5 and preferably 2 to 3 mol phosphorus trihalide or phosphorus trihalide oxide at a temperature of 80° to 130° C. and preferably of 80° to 100° C. The reaction can also be carried out in the presence of diluents, for example halogenated hydrocarbons, especially chlorobenzene or tetrachloroethane, or also dioxan. The subsequent hydrolysis takes place by boiling with water but preferably with semiconcentrated hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid.
As phosphorus trihalides in the above-mentioned processes, there can be used, for example, phosphorus trichloride or phosphorus trimbromide, as phosphorus trihalide oxide can be taken phosphorus trichloride oxide.
In the case of process (b), the acid chloride of formula (III) is reacted with the trialkyl phosphite of formula (IV) at a temperature of 0° to 60° C. and preferably of 20° to 40° C. The reaction can be carried out without a solvent or also in the presence of inert solvents, for example diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxan or also halogenated hydrocarbons, for example methylene chloride. The acyl phosphonate of general formula (V) formed as intermediate can be isolated or further reacted directly. The subsequent reaction is carried out in the presence of a weak base, preferably of a secondary amine, for example dibutylamine, at a temperature of 0° to 60° C. and preferably of 10° to 30° C.
In the case of the reductive alkylation according to process (c), a mixture of secondary amine of general formula (VIII) and formaldehyde or of the acetal thereof is treated in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, for example palladium on charcoal or nickel, with hydrogen at atmospheric or increased pressure or with the use of formic acid as reducing agent. In addition, methylation of the secondary amine of general formula (VIII) can be carried out especially advantageously according to the phase transfer process with dimethylsulphate.
The tetraalkyl esters possibly obtained in the processes (b) and (c) can be saponified to the corresponding diesters or to the free 1-Hydroxy-3(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid. The saponification to diesters usually takes place by treating the tetraalkyl esters with an alkali metal halide, preferably sodium iodide, in an appropriate solvent, for example acetone, at ambient temperature. There is hereby obtained the symmetrical diester/disodium salt which, if desired, can be converted into the diester/diacid by means of an acidic ion exchanger. The saponification to the free diphosphonic acids usually takes place by boiling with hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid. However, a cleavage with a trimethylsilyl halide, preferably the bromide or iodide, can also be carried out. On the other hand, the free diphosphonic acid can be converted again into the tetraalkyl esters by boiling with orthoformic acid alkyl esters. The free 1-Hydroxy-3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid of formula (I) can be isolated as the free acid or in the form of its mono- or dialkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt can usually be readily purified by reprecipitation from water/methanol or from water/acetone.
As pharmacologically acceptable salts, there are preferably used the alkali metal or ammonium salts which can be prepared in the usual way, for example by titration of the compounds with inorganic or organic bases, for example sodium or potassium hydrogen carbonates, aqueous solutions of sodium or potassium hydroxide or aqueous solutions of ammonia or of amines, for example trimethyl or triethylamine.
The compound of formula (I) according to the present invention and the salts thereof can be administered enterally or parenterally in liquid or solid form. For this purpose, there can be used all conventional forms of administration, for example tablets, capsules, dragees, syrups, solutions, suspensions and the like. As injection medium, it is preferred to use water which contains the additives usual in the case of injection solutions, for example stabilising agents, solubilising agents and buffers. Additives of this kind include, for example, tartrate and citrate buffers, ethanol, complex formers (such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and the non-toxic salts thereof) and high molecular weight polymers (such as liquid polyethylene oxide) for viscosity regulation. Liquid carrier materials for injection solutions must be sterile and are preferably placed in ampoules. Solid carrier materials include, for example, starch, lactose, mannitol, methyl cellulose, talc, highly dispersed silicic acids, high molecular weight fatty acids (such as stearic acid), gelatine, agar agar, calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, animal and vegetable fats and solid high molecular weight polymers (such as polyethylene glycol). Compositions suitable for oral administration can, if desired, also contain flavouring and sweetening agents.
The dosage can depend upon various factors, such as the mode of administration, species, age and/or individual condition. The dosages to be administered daily are about 1 to 1000 mg in the case of humans preferably 10 to 200 mg and can be given once or several times per day.
The following examples illustrate some of the process variants which can be used for the synthesis of the compound according to the present invention. The structure of this compound was verified by 1 H- and 31 P-NMR spectroscopy and the purity by means of 31 P-NMR spectroscopy, thin layer electrophoresis (cellulose, oxalate buffer of pH 4.0) and by means of C, H, N, P and Na analyses. For the characterisation of the compound, there is given the Mrel value (relative mobility) referred to pyrophosphate (Mrel =1.0).
18 g 3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)prooionic acid are kept for 12 hours at 100° C. with 15 g. phosphorus acid and 32 ml. phosphorus trichloride in 90 ml. chlorobenzene. The solvent is then decanted off and the residue is stirred under reflux with 250 ml. 6N hydrochloric acid for 2 hours. Insoluble material is filtered off and the filtrate is concentrated and applied to a column of Amberlite IR 120 (H+ form). The elution with water is monitored electrophoretically. The desired fractions are combined, evaporated and stirred up with acetone/methanol and the crystals obtained are isolated. There are thus obtained 14.1 g. of crude product. After recrystallisation from water/methanol, there are obtained 9.8 (27% of theory) of analytically pure product in the form of the sesquihydrate; Mrel =0.4; m.p. 96°-102° C., 108° C. (decomp.).
The starting material is obtained as follows:
N-methyl-N-propylamine (J.A.C.S., 79 4720/1957) is reacted with methyl acrylate in toluene in the molar ratio 1:3 and the ester obtained in a yield of 84% of theory is, without distillation, saponified with 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The oily acid is thus obtained in a yield of 92% of theory and is used without further purification.
10 g 3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propionic acid are heated to 80° C. with 11.4 g. phosphorus acid. The melt is mixed with 12 ml. phosphorus trichloride and kept at the same temperature for 16 hours.
Excess phosphorus trichloride is distilled off, 140 ml. 6N hydrochloric acid are added thereto and the reaction mixture is stirred for 3 hours at 100° C. It is then filtered, the filtrate is concentrated in vacuum and the oil obtained is purified by ion exchanger chromatography in the manner described in Example 1. Yield 6.95 g. (35% of theory) as sesquihydrate; Mrel =0.4;
m.p. 96°-102° C., 108° C. (decomp.).
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 2, 15 g. 3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propionic acid are heated to 80° C. with 17 g. phosphorus acid and 19 ml. phosphorus trichloride oxide. After 18 hours at 80° C. the excess phosphorus trichloride oxide is distilled off and the residue is saponified by heating it with 210 ml 6N hydrochloric acid for 2 hours. The crude product was purified by ion exchanger chromotography in the manner described in Example 1 (Amberlite IR 120, H+ form). Mrel =0.4, Yield 16.2 g (54% of theory) as sesquihydrate after recrystallisation from water/methanol;
m.p. 96°-102° C., 108° C. (decomp.).
Male Wistar rats weighing about 160 g. were thyroparathyroidectomized on day 1. On day 5, the success of the operation was controlled by measuring calcemia after a night fasting. From that day on, all the animals were group-fed, that means all of them ate the same quantity of food. Furthermore, the animals received then daily for 3 days 2 subcutaneous injections, one containing 25/μg of ethyl p-[(E)-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthyl)-1-propenyl]benzoat, a synthetic retinoid the other one the bisphosphonate to be tested. Additionally, all animals were given 2/μg of thyroxine the first and last day of treatment. 24 h after the last injection of the retinoid and the bisphosphonate and after one night fasting, blood was taken by retroorbital puncture under ether anesthesia. Plasma calcium was then analyzed by means of atomic absorption.
The bisphonsphonates were given first at a dose of 0.1 mg P/kg in a volume of 2 ml/kg. In a second time, the active compounds were injected at 0.01 and 0.001 mg P/kg.
During all these experiments, the animals received water ad libitum. The diet given was Kliba 331, which contains 1.0 g. Ca/100 g., 0.8 g. Pi/100 g., and to which 800 I. U. of vitamin D3 /kg. was added. Each group consisted of two or more animals.
______________________________________mg P/kg s. c.0.001 0.01 0.1______________________________________A 0 + ++++B + +++C + ++++ ++++______________________________________ o = degradation of hypercalcemia from -0.99 to +0.99 mg % (+) = degradation of hypercalcemia from 1.0 to 1.99 mg % + = degradation of hypercalcemia from 2.0 to 2.99 mg % ++ = degradation of hypercalcemia from 3.0 to 3.99 mg % +++ = degradation of hypercalcemia from 4.0 to 4.99 mg % ++++ = degradation of hypercalcemia from >5.0 A = 1Hydroxy-3(N,N-dimethylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid B = 3(N,N-diethylamino)-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid C = 1Hydroxy-3-(N-methyl-N-propylamino)propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid A and B are compounds of DEPS 25 34 391
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