text:
Systems and methods are described for integrating anatomical information from a plurality of sources of information. The system receives two or more three dimensional (3D) anatomical maps sharing a common plane specified by three or more marker points common to the two or more maps; places one or more marker points on one or more teeth; generates a digital teeth model with the marker points; and aligns the two or more 3D anatomical maps and the teeth model using the marker points.
1. A method for visualizing anatomical information from a plurality of sources, the method comprising:
providing a dental appliance with one or more teeth markers;
receiving X-ray information including X-ray marker information;
receiving three-dimensional anatomical information including anatomical marker information;
receiving a three-dimensional teeth model including teeth marker information derived from the one or more teeth markers of the dental appliance;
aligning the X-ray information, 3D anatomical information, and 3D teeth model using the X-ray, anatomical and teeth marker information; and
displaying the aligned X-ray information, 3D anatomical information, and 3D teeth model.
2. A system for visualizing anatomical information from a plurality of sources, the system comprising:
dental appliance with one or more teeth markers embedded therein;
an X-ray camera for generating X-ray information, including X-ray marker information;
a three-dimensional digital camera for generating three-dimensional anatomical information, including anatomical marker information;
a dental scanner for generating a three-dimensional teeth model, including teeth marker information; and
a computer comprising:
an alignment module for receiving and aligning the X-ray information, 3D anatomical information, and 3D teeth model using the X-ray, anatomical and teeth marker information; and
a display for displaying the aligned X-ray information, 3D anatomical information, and 3D teeth model.
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7. A method for integrating anatomical information from a plurality of sources of information, the method comprising:
receiving two or more three-dimensional (3D) anatomical maps sharing a common plane specified by three or more radiographic tie-points common to the two or more maps;
placing one or more radiographic tie-points on one or more teeth;
generating a digital model of the teeth with the radiographic tie-points; and
aligning the two or more 3D anatomical maps and the digital teeth model using the radiographic tie-points.
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This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/560,424, filed Apr. 27, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,947,038, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/560,052, entitled "Systems and Methods for Integrating 3D Diagnostic Data," now U.S. Pat. No. 6,621,149. The present invention relates to three-dimensional (3D) representations of objects such as anatomical structures.
Many applications, including medical and dental applications, rely on data visualization to provide a holistic display of information and to maximize the amount of information that can be conveyed at once. In data visualization, a graphical mapping from an information space to a display space is performed. The process allows a user to visually explore the 3D representations or models of objects. The 3D models become much more useful when they are integrated, that is, when a number of related models are merged and overlaid to provide spatial context, among others.
For example, knowledge of the spatial relationships of the jaws, teeth and cranium is needed in various dental applications. Such relationships include the relative positions of hard structures (teeth and bones) and overlying soft tissues and skin. The customary types of physical record obtained by dental clinicians include photographs of the face (both extra-oral and intra-oral), X-ray images of the skull taken from different projections, and plaster study casts of the teeth themselves. Conventionally, most diagnoses are currently made using 2D photographs, 2D X-ray films and 3D plaster study casts.
A system integrates anatomical information from a plurality of sources of information. The system receives two or more three dimensional (3D) anatomical maps sharing a common plane specified by three or more marker points common to the two or more maps; places one or more marker points on one or more teeth; generates a digital teeth model with the marker points; and aligns the two or more 3D anatomical maps and the teeth model using the marker points.
Implementations of the system may include one or more of the following. The anatomical information can be stereo craniofacial data. One of the anatomical maps is an X-ray map. The X-ray map is generated using correlated points on X-ray pairs and using y-parallax measurements. The X-ray information is stereo. The system can calibrate one or more X-ray sources. The calibration determines a principal distance from an X-ray source to a film plane. The system can also characterize internal dimensions of the one or more X-ray sources by locating an X-ray film relative to an X-ray source. One of the anatomical map can be a 3D image map. Another anatomical map can be a dental map. Each marker can be a tie point. The system can also use discrete anatomical landmark information. The system can display the aligned maps as an integrated 3D anatomical model.
In another aspect, a method visualizes anatomical information from a plurality of sources by receiving X-ray information having X-ray marker information; receiving a three-dimensional anatomical information having anatomical marker information; receiving a three-dimensional teeth model having teeth marker information; aligning the X-ray information, 3D anatomical information, and the 3D teeth model using the marker information; and displaying the aligned X-ray information, 3D anatomical information, and the 3D teeth model.
In another aspect, a system includes an appliance with one or more teeth markers embedded therein; an X-ray camera receiving X-ray information with X-ray marker information; a three-dimensional digital camera receiving three-dimensional anatomical information with anatomical marker information; a dental scanner to generate a three-dimensional teeth model with teeth marker information; a computer to align the X-ray information, 3D anatomical information, and the 3D teeth model using the marker information.
Advantages of the invention may include one or more of the following. The system improves the capability of orthodontic practitioners to develop diagnoses orthodontic treatment plans.
Through the use of markers called tie points, the system allows merging of multiple data sources such as X-ray images, study cast images or models, and facial images into a single unified coordinate system. Because the coordinate frame of reference is unified, two or more data sources that are not directly tied together can in fact be compared. For example, because the study casts are referred to the X-ray anatomic framework, and the facial imagery is tied to the same X-ray anatomic framework, therefore the study casts and facial imagery can be compared to each other, even though they are not directly tied to each other. Overall, the system also provides a uniform accurate coordinate system in three dimensions, meaning that accurate unbiased measurements can be obtained, regardless of subject orientation.
The system permits each type of anatomical structure to be imaged using an appropriate imaging modality and perspective best suited for locating that structure, after which all the optimal locations can be merged into a common 3D map by using tie points. The system is robust in construction, simple to operate and requires a minimum departure from the technician's usual procedures. The user only needs to identify and locate landmarks, after which all measurements, computations, and integrations of data from different primary sources are made semi-automatically or automatically by computers and computer-aided technicians.
The ability to tie the data sources together opens up new diagnostic and treatment planning opportunities. The system supports a dynamic analysis of the functioning of the jaws, teeth, and musculature.
Referring now to
The skull X-ray images can be of either the bi-planar or co-planar type. If they are of the coplanar type, three-dimensional locations of structures not lying in the sagittal plane can be obtained. Thus, 3D wire frame representations of skull and jaw anatomy can be constructed in a manner similar to the 2D tracings of traditional orthodontic cephalometrics.
A 3D image-capture system 30 captures digital 3D images of both 1) the tooth surfaces and their associated tie points and 2) the facial surface and its associated tie points. Particularly, three or more measurable tie points are available in common for each pair of 3D images to be integrated or merged.
Additionally, an appliance 50 is mounted on the patient's teeth. In one of these implementations, the tooth tie points are temporarily cemented to the teeth prior to taking the impression for the appliance 50. In the other implementation, the impression is taken first and the tie points are incorporated into the appliance 50 during its fabrication. An integration system 70 receives data from the X-ray camera 20, the 3D camera 30 and a digital model of the appliance 50 and integrates the data to provide a holistic view of the patient 10 for treatment. The integration system 70 is shown in more detail in
An exemplary use of the system of
In order to integrate the data from all sources the positions of the tie points on each physical record must be located. On study casts such as those made in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,893 issued to Align Technology, Inc., the 3D data are generated by the Align software/hardware system. On the facial photographs, the procedure can be done by an operator on screen, also directly in three dimensions using a suitable 3D camera. The reconstruction of X-ray information on tie point locations must be done individually on each image as an on-screen operation. However, it can be done by a minimally trained technician or assistant and does not require any orthodontist's time. Automated digital pattern recognition methods may also be used to locate tie points on images without human intervention.
For the three space coordinates of an anatomical landmark on an X-ray cephalogram to be precisely known, the landmark must be independently located on both images of an X-ray stereo pair. This step requires involvement of either an orthodontist or a trained technician or dental assistant. Since the tie points are in the same position as the face during the taking of both the lateral X-ray images and the frontal X-ray images, all anatomical landmarks can be methodically transferred and displayed in the proper anatomic relationship to each other. The existence of the tie points allows landmark information from lateral images to be precisely related to information from frontal images despite changes in position of the head between stereo pairs. In addition, when information from a panoramic X-ray image is combined with information from the study cast map, the positions of tooth roots will be able to be located with only slightly reduced accuracy and precision.
At this point, the treating professional has available a fully explorable multi-layered representation of the skull in three dimensions. Measurements from the teeth to each other and to the surfaces of the face can be performed using a mouse-driven cursor. If the treating professional desires conventional two dimensional cephalometric information, he or she can obtain it by locating landmarks and surfaces solely on the centered lateral and centered frontal images from the emitter 310 without the emitter 312 (
In one implementation, to assist in relating the data from the data sources, radiopaque and photographable metal spheres are attached to the surface of the face while similar spheres are mounted on temporary removable plastic templates which are formed on the study casts and are readily transferable between the casts and the mouth. All these reference markers are mounted on the face or in the mouth at the time the appropriate stereo X-ray pairs are exposed. Following processing of the images, the tie points coordinates are located and mapped in a fashion identical to that employed for any anatomical landmark of interest. Landmark locations on the final maps are usually expressed in terms of an anatomical coordinate system based on the lateral skull X-ray film map. After the various individual coordinate maps for the X-ray films, study casts, and facial photography have been generated, they are integrated with each other through a series of mathematical transformations. After these transformations, the resulting integrated map can be visualized, manipulated and measured on a computer monitor.
The information stored in the integration system 70 is merged to create a holistic view of the patient data from a plurality of data sources.
In the process 199, the radiopaque markers are then positioned on the patient's teeth at their designated locations using the aligner (step 200). At the same time, the patient is also fitted with a second series of tie points that consists of radiopaque markers on the face. Next, stereo X-ray images are acquired using a calibrated X-ray machine (step 202). Lateral and frontal images are digitized, and three dimensional coordinates are computed for the tie points on the teeth, the tie points on the face, and any desired anatomical landmarks visible on any two or more X-ray images (step 208).
From step 202, 3D facial data are acquired using a 3D camera (step 204). Next, 3D coordinates for facial Tie Points from facial digital image are computed (step 210). From step 204, one or more casts are created (step 206), and 3D coordinates for tie points on teeth computed from the casts (step 212). The 3D coordinates are computed from the study casts for the tie points on the teeth. At this point, 3D coordinates are available for: a) anatomical features from X-rays; b) tie points on the teeth from X-rays; c) tie points on the face from X-rays and facial images; e) tie points on the study cast and therefore the model of the dentition.
During this process, the correspondences between the markers on the teeth and their images on the X-ray images are identified. Also, the correspondences between the markers on the face and the images of the markers on the X-ray images are identified. Using the two pairs of correspondences, the three data sets are mathematically registered in 3D space as a computer operation so that the corresponding tie points coincide. The integrated map can now be viewed in any desired orientation.
Once aligned, the system can display all three data sets together with the upper and lower tooth images. The face image is correctly positioned with respect to the X-ray image. The stereo X-ray and the resulting anatomical coordinates act as a framework or scaffold upon which the other data sources (study cast and facial images) are hung. In this way, the study cast data and the facial image data can be visually and analytically compared to each other, even though there is no direct data connection between the two.
3D coordinates of tie points on the patient's teeth and face (from X-ray Images) are transformed to an anatomical framework (step 214). Further, 3D Coordinates of Tie Points on the study casts are transformed to the teeth tie points from the stereo X-rays (step 216). From step 216, the study cast 3D data is transformed to the anatomic frame of reference using visualization software (218).
From step 216, 3D coordinates of tie points from the patient's face (from facial digital images) are transformed to the facial tie points (now in the anatomical frame of reference) from stereo X-rays (step 220). From step 220, the facial imagery is transformed to the anatomic frame of reference using visualization software (222).
In sum, two appliances representative of the two jaws are fabricated upon the study casts of the upper and lower dental arches in such a manner that the teeth can occlude freely and without interference with the appliances in place. Each appliance has fastened to its surface three or more radiopaque metal markers called tie points. The same technique is used on the facial 3D photos to define a known plane in the face by the expedient of placing three or more radiopaque and photographable markers (tie points) on its exterior surface. The stereo X-rays of the skull are made with the appliances in place in the mouth and with the facial tie points in position. Because of the radiopaque property of the tie points, they will also be unambiguously identifiable in the stereo X-rays of the skull.
In one operating approach, a clinician bonds tie points to teeth using a fitting such as that of
In a second approach, the clinician takes appropriate impressions. An appliance is then created with tie points embedded at known locations with respect to the teeth. The appliance containing the tie points is provided to the clinician who positions it in the patient's mouth. X-ray and 3D facial images are then captured, as discussed above.
This embodiment includes a rigid rectangular structure with twin HRT1 General Electric X-ray emitters 310–312 mounted at one end. At the opposite end of the stereo X-ray imaging system, beyond the patient's head is a machined cassette holder defining the datum plane 319. The emitters 310–312 and the carrier or cassette holder 318 taken together constitute the "cameras" of the stereo system. The relationship between the cassette holder 318 and both X-ray emitters 310–312 is known through previous use of a calibration device. The calibration process consists of imaging a calibration cage with three planes of precisely known radiopaque targets. Using a simultaneous least squares adjustment ("bundle adjustment"), the 3D locations of the X-ray emitters are determined.
The mathematical calculation of the 3D positions of the tie points and anatomical structures on the stereo X-ray images depend upon having accurate and precise information on the physical relationships between the focal spots of the two entities (310 and 312) and the surface of the X-ray film or its digital equivalent located in the cassette carrier at 318. The information needed includes: (1) the distance between the two focal spots 310 and 312, measured parallel to the surface of the film in the cassette carrier; (2) the perpendicular distance between each focal spot and the plane of the film surface, and (3) the precise location of the cassette within the cassette carrier for each exposure. This location differs slightly for different projections as may be seen by examining the X-ray intersections in
By repeating exposures for both X-ray sources, (the equivalents of 310 and 312), the distance from each X-ray source to the film plane can be computed. Next, a point 520 on the film plane at which the perpendicular ray strikes the point is identified. This point is called the "principle point" and the distance between the principle points of both X-ray images in the precise measurement of the distance between the focal spots of the two X-ray sources measured parallel to the film surface.
To locate the principle point for each X-ray source, a line is drawn in the plane of the film passing through the images of each rod top point and its rod own bottom point. Information from two rods can be used in the absence of measurement error and the redundant information arising from the use of four rods strengthens the calculations in the presence of error. At this point, the distance from each X-ray source to the film plane, the point of contacts on the film plane of the principle ray from each source, and the distance between the two X-ray sources are known.
In certain cases, it is impractical to use the system of four perpendicular rods surrounding the patient's head because of physical clashes with the cephalostat that is required for the control of head orientation in object space. For this reason, another exemplary calibration device 518 is shown in
The next task is to obtain precise information about the precise orientation of the film cassette with respect to X-ray emitters. For this purpose, a cassette holder 318 (
Since the control array cannot be maintained in position all the time, a slightly lower order auxiliary calibration checking frame is supplied. This device (not shown) consists of a smaller number of radiopaque spheres mounted on a plastic cone or box in known positions which can be periodically fastened to a cassette positioned within the cassette holder. While it is not sufficiently redundant for use as a calibration array, it is powerful enough when used periodically to check the robustness of calibration achieved using the full calibration array.
The sequence of steps in the operation of the stereoscopic X-ray system is as follows:
After producing the stereopair of lateral skull films, the patient and the cephalostat are next rotated 90 degrees such that the patient faces the cassette carrier 318. Two more films are exposed from the first and second stations. These constitute a frontal X-ray stereopair. The film pairs are processed and examined by a monocular analytic method in which a person examines the two images sequentially and marks the locations of the cassette holder fiducial points, the tie points, and one or more sets of anatomical landmarks. The location of these structures on the X-ray images can be done manually or by using suitable computer programs.
Software is then used to examine the tracings for each film as a unit of information. If duplicate tracings have been made, the software rotates, translates and rescales the multiple tracings for each X-ray image to a least squares best fit upon the directly measured known X and Y coordinates of the fiducial points on the datum plane. The set of coordinate values for all landmarks of each film is stored as a block. The coordinates of the principal point of each film and of the fiducial points on the datum plane are added to the set of coordinate values for the X-ray image.
The coordinate files for the two films of each stereopair are now used to produce a three dimensional map in the following manner. The file for the film from second camera station (the offset film) is rotated and translated such that its four registration points are best fit upon the registration points of the film from the first camera station (the centered film). The X parallax of each point in the system may now readily be computed as the X between any landmark on the "centered" film and its conjugate on the "offset" film, and the altitude of the landmark is computed automatically using standard photogrammetric equations. In addition, the Y parallax for each landmark and registration point is computed as measure of the degree to which the same physical structure was actually identified on both films of the stereopair. More information on the transformations is described in Elements of Photogrammetry, Paul R Wolf, McGraw-Hill (1974). Systematic Y parallax deviation for anatomical landmarks which are significantly greater than those for the fiducials are indicators of patient movement between the exposure of the two images of the stereopair.
In one embodiment, the raw data acquisition module receives 3D facial data from a 3D camera such as the Venus3D camera available from 3DMetrics of Petaluma, Calif. The 3DMetrics camera uses a 3D Flash light projector and a conventional digital camera. The 3D Flash light projector projects a color-coded white light pattern onto an object, the digital camera takes an image of the object, then the data is transmitted to a computer which performs a cross-talk-free-color-decoding operation. The 2D data is then converted into a 3D image. In this manner, the 3D camera or imaging system enables a single regular digital camera to take a 3D image with only one shot and does not require any additional mechanical scanning, laser light source, or additional shots. The 3D data generated by the 3D camera is then scanned for the location of tie points. In one embodiment, the tie points are manually identified by a person. Other embodiments would provide automatic detection of the tie points.
Referring now to
Next, appliances with radiographic markers will be discussed. In one implementation, radiographic markers are embedded in an appliance 300, shown in
One procedure for creating the appliance 300 with the radiographic tie points 302–308 is discussed next. First, a dental professional takes one or more PVS impressions and a wax bite for measuring inter-arch relationship. The impressions are used to generate one or more models, which are then scanned. The dental professional then sets up a bite registration of both arches, and tooth-attachments are mounted onto the desired teeth which is exactly the same size and shape of the actual tie points 302–308. In one embodiment, the attachments are mounted on three teeth in each quadrant (canines, first molars and second molars for a total of twelve attachments in both arches. Aligners are then fabricated with sufficient spaces for retaining the tie points 302–308. The tie points 302–308 are positioned onto the spaces, and a thin film of unfilled composite adhesive is applied to secure the tie points 302–308. Next, the dental professional opens the occlusal surface of aligners to establish contact between the opposing maxilla and mandible casts. Further, the dental professional can polish the appliance 300 to make it more comfortable to wear.
In order to avoid the possibility that images of the tie points on the right and the left sides of the face are confused when locating them on lateral X-ray images, the facial tie points on the side of the face nearer to the X-ray emitters 310 and 312 are slightly larger and are positioned slightly lower on the face than are the facial tie points on the side of the face nearer to the cassette carrier 318. Similarly, to avoid errors, the tie points on the upper teeth are a slightly different size from the tie points on the lower teeth. The information in the tie points alone is itself sufficient for the construction of an integrated three-dimensional craniofacial image map without any specialist intervention or time commitment.
In another implementation, the procedures for the 3D mapping operation are as follows:
Additional supplementations of the stereo X-ray system have been used in prosthetic dentistry (R. Bellagamba, F R Brigante, S. Baumrind (1986) J. Prosthetic Dent. 55:625–28) and in orthopedic surgery for the detection of pseudarthrosis following lumbar fusions (N. Chafetz, S. Baumrind, J E Morris, H K Genant, E L Korn (1985) Spine 10-368-75) and for the detection of loosening of femoral prostheses (N. Chafetz, S. Baumrind, W. Murray, H K Genant, E L Korn (1985) Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research 210-60-67).
The database 104 maintains 2D and 3D coordinates of patient data, computed measures derived from the patient data, digital facial images, study cast images, X-ray images and video, collateral material associated with the patient, and treatment records. The database 104 also receives data from a film digitizing module 112, which extracts 2D and 3D coordinate information from the raw images of the patient. The database 104 can also output data using a publication module 114. The publication module 114 can publish image as well as text data for a variety of applications, including teaching and data sharing.
The database 104 can be accessed using a variety of browsers 106, 108 and 110. The browser client 106 can view images and data. The browser client 106 can overlay landmarks upon request, and perform various analytical operations. The analysis client 108 performs spatial and temporal analysis and other statistical operations, among others. The client 108 contains one or more analytical software tools for analyzing data in the database 104. The training client 110 performs tracer analysis and displays ellipses, among others. The client 110 is a training module for training and calibrating human judges so that they are consistent in identifying points on images. The display ellipses store information relating to acceptable deviations between two judges. As such, the display ellipses improve the quality of the landmark locations on X-ray images and photographs. Thus, the database 104 supports training (calibrating) clinicians and the treating professionals in identifying three-dimensional landmark locations, and integrating information from pairs of X-ray images to yield three-dimensional data and comparing information from multiple time points.
The user interface input devices typically include a keyboard and may further include a pointing device and a scanner. The pointing device may be an indirect pointing device such as a mouse, trackball, touchpad, or graphics tablet, or a direct pointing device such as a touchscreen incorporated into the display, or a three dimensional pointing device, such as the gyroscopic pointing device described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,440,326, other types of user interface input devices, such as voice recognition systems, can also be used. User interface output devices typically include a printer and a display subsystem, which includes a display controller and a display device coupled to the controller. The display device may be a cathode ray tube (CRT), a flat-panel device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), or a projection device. The display subsystem may also provide non-visual display such as audio output.
Storage subsystem 606 maintains the basic required programming and data constructs. The program modules discussed above are typically stored in storage subsystem 606. Storage subsystem 606 typically comprises memory subsystem 308 and file storage subsystem 614.
Memory subsystem 608 typically includes a number of memories including a main random access memory (RAM) 610 for storage of instructions and data during program execution and a read only memory (ROM) 612 in which fixed instructions are stored. In the case of Macintosh-compatible personal computers the ROM would include portions of the operating system; in the case of IBM-compatible personal computers, this would include the BIOS (basic input/output system).
File storage subsystem 614 provides persistent (non-volatile) storage for program and data files, and typically includes at least one hard disk drive and at least one floppy disk drive (with associated removable media). There may also be other devices such as a CD-ROM drive and optical drives (all with their associated removable media). Additionally, the system may include drives of the type with removable media cartridges. The removable media cartridges may, for example be hard disk cartridges, such as those marketed by Syquest and others, and flexible disk cartridges, such as those marketed by Iomega. One or more of the drives may be located at a remote location, such as in a server on a local area network or at a site on the Internet's World Wide Web.
In this context, the term "bus subsystem" is used generically so as to include any mechanism for letting the various components and subsystems communicate with each other as intended. With the exception of the input devices and the display, the other components need not be at the same physical location. Thus, for example, portions of the file storage system could be connected via various local-area or wide-area network media, including telephone lines. Similarly, the input devices and display need not be at the same location as the processor, although it is anticipated that personal computers and workstations typically will be used.
Bus subsystem 604 is shown schematically as a single bus, but a typical system has a number of buses such as a local bus and one or more expansion buses (e.g., ADB, SCSI, ISA, EISA, MCA, NuBus, or PCI), as well as serial and parallel ports. Network connections are usually established through a device such as a network adapter on one of these expansion buses or a modem on a serial port. The client computer may be a desktop system or a portable system.
Scanner 620 is responsible for scanning casts of the patient's teeth obtained either from the patient or from an orthodontist and providing the scanned digital data set information to data processing system 600 for further processing. In a distributed environment, scanner 620 may be located at a remote location and communicate scanned digital data set information to data processing system 600 via network interface 624. Fabrication machine 622 fabricates dental appliances based on intermediate and final data set information received from data processing system 600. In a distributed environment, fabrication machine 622 may be located at a remote location and receive data set information from data processing system 600 via network interface 624.
The invention has been described in terms of particular embodiments. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. For example, the three-dimensional scanning techniques described above may be used to analyze material characteristics, such as shrinkage and expansion, of the materials that form the tooth castings and the aligners. Also, the 3D tooth models and the graphical interface described above may be used to assist clinicians that treat patients with conventional braces or other conventional orthodontic appliances, in which case the constraints applied to tooth movement would be modified accordingly.
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COLLEGE STATION - UPDATE (3:55 p.m.):
The driver involved in a multi-vehicle accident in College Station late this morning has died.
According to the College Station Police Department, 50-year-old Clifford Degner from Caldwell was having serious medical issues when his pick-up truck struck the back of a Lexus sedan causing the two vehicles to become stuck together. When the car turned right on New Main Drive, the two vehicles detached.
Witnesses say Degner was slumped over the wheel. His truck hit a tree, fence and brick wall at the front entrance of campus, before coming to a stop.
Degner was transported to the College Station Medical Center where he was pronounced dead.
CSPD says the road is now open once again.
Traffic is backed up Wednesday afternoon because of a multi-car accident on Texas Avenue at New Main.
College Station Police officers are working the crash on southbound Texas Avenue at New Main. Officers and investigators are on scene and may be at that location for a period of time.
According to officials, a truck struck the back of the car and the two became stuck together. When the car turned right on New Main Drive, the two vehicles detached. Officials say it was then that the truck lost control, running through a tree and crashing into the Texas A&M University fence line.
The driver of the pick up truck was transported to a local hospital for serious injuries.
The public is asked to avoid the area and use caution if travel necessitates being in that area. The outside southbound lane of Texas Avenue where it enters the A&M campus at New Main, as well as the outside lane of New Main, as it enters onto campus will be restricted. Additionally, the merging lane from Texas Avenue onto campus at New Main will be closed for several hours while College Station Police reconstruct the crash. Chuck Fleeger, with CSPD, says the department hopes to have the roads back open by 5 o'clock Wednesday.
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Below is the poem entitled WINTRY DAWN which was written by poet
Siedzikowski. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Eric Siedzikowski
May I touch thee beneath a springtide moon
with the warming of love's rapture
to synchronize our hearts with passion's tune.
Might I taste thine lips within summer's seethe:
soft and flared of cerise red hue;
to quench our pleasures and draw to appease.
Embrace thee I shall amongst autumnal rise:
leaves aflutter,semblable to hearts;
tepid winds breathe upon destiny's devise.
Should we ever part from such lovers' bliss;
thy pray our love shall never verge.
If a day comes to rend us,please remember this:
I shall reach thee amidst a wintry dawn,
in a pang-chilling memory
that no season of other love shall ever thaw.


text:
George Hartley began visiting South Walton in the late 1980s, staying at Sandestin.
In 1991 he switched to 30A, and the
"30A was the new up and coming thing," says Hartley.
The family loved it, and the Hartleys purchased their first property here in 1991.
In 1997 the Hartleys took a step farther, decided life is short, said let's move to the beach and did.
Hartley commuted back to
Wondering what he would do next, one day he walked into Seagrove Village Market to purchase a coke and the owner was grumbling about wanting to retire. Hartley told him he would buy the market, and was back with a check by the end of the day.
"I had no prior restaurant or grocery experience," said Hartley. "My wife told me I was crazy."
He also had not even seen the market's books.
"But I was eating here three days a week and the parking lot was always full. It's been here forever and all the locals go there," he says now of his reasoning.
At that time, the market was mostly a grocery store with a small cafe in the back that served lunch.
When Hartley took over July 1, 1999, he told his six employees that "I had no idea what I'm doing, I gave everybody a raise, and told them not to go anywhere."
"Nothing changed," he said. "The same cook has cooked here for 26 years."
After Publix's opening just a few blocks away, the market has evolved into more of a gift shop and cafe with increased seating indoors and out.
Open from 10:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. Monday through Saturday, and Sundays from 10:30 a.m. until 2 p.m. for lunch, all the locals still eat there, and it is a must-visit for the tourists as well, as they look forward to coming back year after year for their "deep-fried love" fix. The market's tag line is "Serving Deep Fried Love Since 1949."
The lunch menu is served from 10:30 a.m. until 5 p.m. offering seafood baskets, burgers, salads, seafood platters, sandwiches, gumbo, chicken tenders, and fish and shrimp tacos, with nothing more than $24.99. There is also a kids' menu. And don't pass on the famous key-lime pie. Beer and wine is available. Smoked tuna dip or chicken salad are offered to go.
The front of the building at Seagrove Market Cafe is original and was built in 1949 as a live/work station by Seagrove founder C.H. McGee. The back part was added in the mid 1970s. Diners today can enjoy meals in the original front building on red-checkered tablecloth covered picnic tables, outside on the patio, or in the back section where you can watch a video with pictures of Seagrove dating from the 1940s as you enjoy your "deep-fried love."
"We do love our customers," said Hartley. "I asked the former owner what is the secret? He told me to buy fresh, cook to order and serve with a smile. If you take care of customers with a smile, you'll be fine. And we try to do that every day."


text:
You Don't Always Know What You Think You Know
By Alan Scherstuhl
Daniel Radcliffe'll Never do a Rom-Com With Emma Watson
By Amy Nicholson
Film Critics Need to Learn to Look and Enjoy
By Charles Taylor
Robin Williams Could Always Find the Raw Seriousness in...
By Stephanie Zacharek
By Brian Feinzimer
The Purge: Anarchy Sets Up Frank Grillo to Finally Be...
By CAROLINA DEL BUSTO
Anna Kendrick Had Her Heart Broken by a Hot Dog
By AMY NICHOLSON
Richard Linklater Explains His Secret Movie Boyhood
By Amy Nicholson
The turning point came in 2005. Players in Bullets Over Broadway and Mighty Aphrodite had won acting Oscars in the '90s, and the same decade saw the release of a couple of near-classics in Deconstructing Harry and Sweet and Lowdown. Nevertheless, Allen arguably struggled to assert himself artistically in the years following his well-documented 1992 breakup with Mia Farrow—his girlfriend of 12 years, his most frequent star during that period and the mother of his only biological child.
After a string of four consecutive films flopped with critics and audiences in the early '00s, Allen traveled to London to make Match Point, a romantic drama/thriller starring Scarlet Johansson. That film may have been a kind of English transposition of Allen's far-superior 1989 Crimes and Misdemeanors, but many critics declared it a return to form, and the film's $23 million gross made Match Point Allen's most popular effort in nearly 20 years.
He subsequently made three films in England (Scoop, Cassandra's Dream and You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger), one in Spain (Vicky Cristina Barcelona, which netted Cruz an Oscar) and then Midnight In Paris. Filming abroad allowed him to make his movies independent of Hollywood and its institutions, of which, Allen admits, "I don't have a great view."
As far as his personal taste in films, he mentions A Separation and Blue Valentine as recent favorites. "These are not Hollywood pictures," he says. "The pictures that come out of Hollywood are industry pictures, pictures that are made for a profit motive exclusively, and I don't have any interest in them."
But his Euro-phase is not really a matter of aesthetics. He's not following his muse so much as following the money.
"The European film industry never had a studio system, so they're very happy being bankers," Allen says. "In America, these guys who are only fit to be bankers—and barely that, but they are fit to be bankers—say, 'Well, we're not just bankers. We want to talk to you about the casting and talk to you about the script.' Whereas in Europe, they're happy to say, 'We're bankers, and you're a product. We know what you do, and we'll give you the money to make the film.'"
Allen's seventh film since the beginning of his European sojourn, Midnight In Paris spans several time periods and features a gallery of impersonations of larger-than-life figures such as Salvador Dali, Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald; it's certainly more ambitious than, say, Scoop. But it's also, essentially, a one-joke enterprise—a Bill and Ted sequel for cultural-studies majors, inviting a kind of cultural-historical trainspotting that flatters the viewer who can recognize a tossed-off line about Djuna Barnes' pushiness on the dance floor as a gay joke.
Woody Allen has been making a film a year for 40-plus years—why did this one become such a phenomenon?
"I have no idea," he says. "It was a happy accident that, for some reason, everybody embraced that picture tremendously. It had nothing to do with me. I made it the same way that I make any picture, and that one, people loved. And that was great. But it certainly has not resonated—the film studios, they didn't come to me after and say, 'Please make films with us. We'll give you whatever you want, or give you anything at all.' So it didn't resonate with me as a practical matter, and by the time it was successful, I wasn't thinking about it."
Midnight In Paris ultimately has its protagonist realize the folly of the very nostalgic thinking that the film, for the bulk of its running time, indulges. It's notable that the movie delivering a rebuke to the practice of fetishizing the past would become Allen's long-overdue late-career blockbuster, given the nostalgic thinking that has dogged him for decades. His critics (professional and otherwise) constantly measure his contemporary work against his "early, funny ones"—another phrase Allen coined in Stardust Memories.
Shortly after Stardust bombed with American critics and audiences, Allen quipped, "I do better in Milan than Moline." But it took him 22 years to make a movie in Italy. Why now?
"Well," Allen says simply, "Rome put up the money."
* * *
To Rome With Love opens on the image of a traffic circle at the center of the city—an international symbol of controlled chaos. The narrative interweaves four distinct stories. Cruz plays a prostitute who shows up unexpectedly at the hotel room of a country bumpkin. She ends up posing as his wife for a day of networking with Rome's business elite, while his actual wife is seduced by a movie star. Page plays a young woman who arrives in Rome and disrupts the domestic placidity of aspiring architect Jack (Jesse Eisenberg) and his girlfriend, Sally (Greta Gerwig), while Baldwin's John, who may or may not be an older version of Jack, looks on and offers advice. Italian superstar Roberto Benigni plays a middle-class office drone/family man who wakes up one morning to find that, through no apparent fault of his own, he's the most famous man in Rome. And Allen, in his first onscreen role since 2006, plays a retired opera director who discovers that the father of his daughter's fiancee is a hell of a tenor—but only in the shower.
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text:
Hawks Win Big In First Round of Play-Offs
102-60 over Mount Aloysius
- Release Date:
- February 22, 2011
- Contact:
- The Office of Sports Information
- (716) 649-7900 ext. 333
Hamburg, NY – In another career night, Dan McFarland propelled the Hilbert College men's basketball team to a 102-60 victory over Mount Aloysius College February 22. With the win, the Hawks move on and play in the semi-final game of the Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference Tournament against the number one seed and host institution, La Roche College . Hilbert continues to add wins to their overall record which now stands at 12-14 while Mount Aloysius finishes their season at 10-15.
McFarland (Lancaster, NY/St. Mary's) {in photo to right} matched his career-high 38 points, most of them coming inside the arc. The sophomore's shooting display tonight was impressive (17 for 25 from the floor) and consistent from the first half to the second where he hit for 19 points each period. Hilbert thrived in the up-tempo pace of the game with many players attacking the rim with confidence. Senior Miguel Lantigua (Brooklyn, NY/Uniondale) chipped in 16 points (four for five from the floor and eight for ten from the charity stripe) and junior Chris Parrott (Warsaw, NY/Warsaw) hit for 14 second half points to pair with his 15 rebounds, four block shots, three assists and three steals. Another big man inside to earn a double-double was junior Keon Rembert (Bennetsville, SC/Archbishop Walsh) who scored 13 points and pulled down 11 rebounds. The quarterback for the team distributing the ball for game-high seven assists was freshman CJ Hodge from Rochester, NY (Gates Chili).
Mount Aloysius, who was ranked in the national Division III statistics for scoring offense (5th at 89.9 ppg) was held to 29 points below their average. The Mounties starting five shot a dismal twenty six percent from the floor with their leading scorer Demetrius Davis scoring only ten points. Senior Joey Stephenson led the visitors with 12 points, only two below his scoring average.
The win tonight marks the third time the men's basketball program moves on in the play-offs to play against the top seed in the semi-final game of the AMCC tournament. Hilbert will face off against La Roche College at 1pm February 25 with the winner of that contest vying for the championship the next day. The AMCC champion earns an automatic bid to the Division III National Basketball Tournament which begins the following week.
Hilbert College, located in suburban Hamburg, N.Y., south of Buffalo, is a private four-year college founded in 1957 in the Catholic Franciscan tradition. With nearly 1,100 students, Hilbert is a dynamic Western New York college that offers career-focused majors, including one of the top criminal justice programs in the region, and more than 50 minors and concentrations. The college's engaging, student-centered campus community offers numerous leadership, internship, and service learning opportunities from which students launch successful careers while making positive changes in their communities. The Hilbert Blueprint promotes a well-rounded student experience over four years – starting with the Foundations Seminar in the freshman year, followed by Sophomore Service, Junior Symposium, and culminating with the Senior Capstone. Hilbert has expanded its academic offerings with the college's first graduate programs and new Accelerated Degree Programs geared to adult learners.
Upcoming Events
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 14, 2015
- Summer Session A2 Ends
- Aug 21, 2015
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 28, 2015


text:
Cursive retains place in Lee County curriculum
The writing is on the wall for cursive across the country, but elementary school students in Lee County will nevertheless continue to learn how to make those loopy ABCs.
With the handwriting technique dropped from the official curriculum in the new Common Core standards that 45 states — including North Carolina — have recently adopted, many school districts are moving away from teaching the script that has been used to write everything from the U.S. Constitution to the Gettysburg Address, generational family recipes and more. But according to a recent Wall Street Journal article, the majority of North Carolina school districts are no longer teaching it.
Lee County, however, isn't one of them.
"It's a skill, maybe an art, but I think it's something children need exposure to," said Carol Chappell, the district's director of K-5 instruction. "You need to be able to read it because it will still be around, and it's hard to read it if you never learned it."
Chappell said she herself writes mainly in print-style manuscript with some elements of cursive thrown in, and that she thinks that that's probably how most people write. But she said students should at least be able to read cursive, if not write it perfectly, which is shown by the fact that the district won't require students to write in cursive after third grade, when it's taught.
"When I was in school, cursive writing was stressed certainly more than it is now," she said. "And even then, a lot of people went back to manuscript or a combination, whatever was more comfortable for them."
Stephanie Needham, a third-grade teacher at B.T. Bullock Elementary School, said studies have found cursive is helpful for people who have to take lots of notes, like students, because it can be written faster.
Plus, she said, she writes in cursive, so her students must be able to read it — otherwise they wouldn't be able to read her notes on their work and on the board — even if they aren't expected to become paragons of penmanship.
"The kids need to be exposed to it," she said. "They need to know the function of it, how to form the letters, but they don't need to write in it."
Needham said that since teaching cursive doesn't take that much time, there's really no reason to abandon it even if the world is becoming more reliant on emails, texting and other non-hand-written communication.
"We had an assignment where you bring things in from home that mean a lot to you, and I had one student bring in a letter from their grandmother that was written in cursive," she said.
Each school also has its own typing program, Chappell said, and most start in second or third grade with the basics, getting more intensive in fourth and fifth grade when students' hands become bigger and they develop more dexterity. She said a typing class she took in high school was one of the most useful classes she ever had, so she definitely supports typing instruction. But as long as she's in charge in Lee County, she plans to keep requiring cursive even if no one else does.
Lynn Smith, chairman of the Lee County School Board, said he will defer to Chappell's wishes to keep teaching cursive as long as the district is also moving toward preparing students for the digital age, which he said he thinks schools are doing well. It also appears that cursive hasn't fallen out of favor as much locally as it has in other parts of the state and country.
Chappell said several parents contacted her to make sure that schools will continue teaching cursive, but no one has called asking the schools to stop teaching it. And although a recent poll by education company Scholastic found that more than three-fourths of 3,900 students interviewed didn't think cursive was important, Needham said her students generally hold the minority opinion.
"They love it," she said. "We're telling them that we're getting them college ready, and plus they think the're all grown up because they can write fancy."


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Derived from the term "ototeman" in the Ojibwe language, meaning "brother-sister kin," Totemism is an aspect of religious belief centered upon the veneration of sacred objects called totems. A totem is any animal, plant, or other object, natural or supernatural, which provides deeply symbolic meaning for a person or social group. In some cases, totems may imbue particular person with a feeling of power and energy. In other cases, a variety of totems can serve to demarcate particular groups or clans subsumed within larger tribes. Often, totems are seen as representative of desirable individual qualities, or the natural power from which a given social group has descended. Thus, totems help to explain the mythical origin of the clan while reinforcing clan identity and solidarity, and as such, killing, eating, and even touching a totem is often considered taboo. This form of religious activity is most commonly found within tribal cultures and it is frequently associated with shamanistic religions and their rituals. It is important to note that the concept is generated in the academy by scholars imbued with a sense that European culture is "more civilized." In fact all religions, including modern Christianity, have aspects to them that function precisely as do "totems" in what nineteenth- and early twentieth-century scholars called "primitive" societies.
Totemism can be said to characterize the religious beliefs of most indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States. The Sauk and Osage peoples of the northeastern United States, for example, assigned qualities of their clan totems through names to individual members. It was expected that those in clan of the Black Bear or the Wolf, among others, would develop some of the desirable traits of those animals. Among the Ojibwa people, from whose language the concept of totemism originated, people were divided into a number of clans called doodem named for various animals. Of the various totemic groups, the crane totem was considered the most vocal. The bear, since it was the largest, was sub-divided into various body parts that also became totemic symbols. These totems were then grouped according to habitat of the given animal, whether it is earth, air or water—and served as a means for governing and dividing labor among the various clans.
In addition, North American native peoples provide one of the most recognizable examples of totemism in all of human culture—the totem pole. Totem poles are monumental sculptures carved from great trees, typically Western Red cedar, by a number of indigenous peoples located along the Pacific northwest coast of North America. Some poles are erected to celebrate significant beliefs or events, while others are intended primarily for aesthetic presentation. Poles are also carved to illustrate stories, to commemorate historic persons, to represent shamanic powers, and to provide objects of public ridicule. Certain types of totem poles are part of mortuary structures incorporating grave boxes with carved supporting poles, or recessed backs in which grave boxes were placed. The totem poles of North America have many different designs featuring totemic animals such bears, birds, frogs, people, lizards, and often are endowed with arms, legs, and wings. Such designs themselves are generally considered to be the property of a particular clan or family group, and ownership is not transferable even if someone outside this clan or group possesses the pole. Despite common misconceptions, there has never been any ubiquitous meaning given to the vertical order of the images represented on the totem pole. On the contrary, many poles have significant figures on the top, while others place such figures bottom, or middle. While totem poles can be described as an example of totemism due to their representation of clan lineages, they were never used specifically as objects of worship. Hence, any associations made between "idol worship" and totem poles were introduced upon the arrival of Christian missionaries.


text:
Hello everyone,
I am new to X Box Live and I'm looking for friends to play with. I like all sorts of games, but 1st person shooters are my favorite. right now I'm playing Pinball FX2, I have all the tables and would like new friends who play so we can both up our Wizard Scores and get that FANTASTIC Pinball Suit. I have to have it. My X Box Live Gamer Tag is
Psycho Fluff
Let's connect and get ourselves that suit.
Add me, new to Pinball FX2. Playing the following tables, Spiderman, Wolverine, Streetfighter, Fantastic Four and Iron Man.
Gamer tag - TheSWFC
How many points does it take to get the Pinball suit?
Pinball suit???
The Avator clothing and I'm guessing the suit is the second one that you'd get.
There's only 2 avatar awards, the 2nd one is for getting wizard score over 100,000, as far as I can remember anyways.


text:
Contact Info: Bob Iannucci Carnegie Mellon University Silicon Valley Campus Building 23 (MS 23-11) Moffett Field, CA 94035
Office: B23 #224 Phone: 650-335-2801 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Areas of Interest
Mobile and embedded computing, scalable systems, sensor networks, emergency communications systems
Ph.D. 1988, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT
Dr. Bob Iannucci leads the CyLab Mobility Research Center and is known for leading both software and systems research in scalable and mobile computing. Previously, he served as Chief Technology Officer of Nokia and Head of Nokia Research Center (NRC). Bob spearheaded the effort to transform NRC into an Open Innovation center, creating "lablets" at MIT, Stanford, Tshinghua University, the University of Cambridge, and École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Under his leadership, NRC's previously established labs and the new lablets delivered fundamental contributions to the worldwide Long Term Evolution for 3G (LTE) standard; created and promulgated what is now the MIPI UniPro interface for high-speed, in-phone interconnectivity; created and commercialized Bluetooth Low Energy - extending wireless connectivity to coin-cell-powered sensors and other devices; and delivered new technology initiatives including TrafficWorks (using mobile phones to crowd source traffic patterns, Point and Find (augmented-reality using the mobile phone's camera for image recognition and "zero click" search) and the Morph Concept (opening new directions for using nanotechnology to significantly improve mobile phone functionality and usability).
Bob has led engineering teams at startup companies focused on virtualized networking and computational fluid dynamics, creating systems that offered order-of-magnitude improvements over alternatives. He also served as Director of Digital Equipment Corporation's Cambridge Research Laboratory (CRL) and became VP of Research for Compaq. CRL created some of the earliest multimedia indexing technologies, and these became part of Alta Vista. In addition, the CRL team and Dan Siewiorek's team at CMU created MoCCA — a mobile communication and computing architecture - that prefigured and anticipated (by more than a decade) much of what has become today's smartphone technology. MoCCA won the IDEA Gold award for its innovative approach to facilitating real-time interaction within teams. Bob spent the earliest days of his career at IBM studying and developing highly scalable computing systems.
Bob remains active as a hands-on systems builder. His most recent iPhone app for radio direction finding is in use in over 70 countries, and he is actively engaged in building WiFi-based "internet of things" devices and the cloud services behind them. He serves as advisor to companies developing new technologies for ultra-low-power computing, mobile video systems, and cloud-connected mobile apps.
Bob earned his Ph.D. from MIT in 1988, and his dissertation was on the hybridization of dataflow and traditional von Neumann architectures, offering advantages over both. He has served on a number of scientific and engineering advisory boards and was on the program committees for the 3rd and 4th International Symposia on Wearable Computing. Bob also served as a member of the selection committee for the Millennium Technology Prize in 2008.
Research: CyLab Mobility Research Center, DMI
Publications: http://works.bepress.com/bob/


text:
Florida Championship Wrestling Roster
A selection of articles related to florida championship wrestling roster.
Original articles from our library related to the Florida Championship Wrestling Roster. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Florida Championship Wrestling Roster.
- My Experiences with the PK Man
- My experience with Ted Owens started in 1979, when Owens contacted me at the Enquirer . He portrayed himself as "PK Man" and said he could predict events and control the world's weather. Owens claims were met with skepticism by both myself and my...
>> Psychic Abilities
- Dogwood: Correspondences
- Cornus florida Folk Names: Boxwood, Budwood, Dogtree, Florida Dogwood, Flowering Cornel, Flowering Dogwood, Green Osier, Virginia Dogwood Gender: Planet: Element: Deity: Power: Wishes, Protection...
Herbalism >> Herbs dictionary D
- The PK Man Seen From an African Perspective
- I have been fortunate over the past ten years to have had the opportunity to study the shamanism used in the rain forest of southwestern Nigeria. This is the traditional home of the Yoruba Nation which is one of the largest cultural groups in Western Africa...
>> Psychic Abilities
- Survivalists' Guide for the New Millennium: Chapter 5
- WHERE I LAY MY HEAD IS HOME A foot and light-hearted I take to the open road, Healthy, free, and the world before me, The long brown path before me leading Wherever I choose. Henceforth I ask not for good fortune, I myself am good fortune, Henceforth I...
Philosophy >> Survivalists Guide for the New Millennium
- Egyptian Temples, part VI: The House of Life
- Library - Archive 'The House of Life' could well be called a library. It was that part of the temple where all records and texts were kept and stored. These papyrii encompassed many different fields of learning as well as the accountings on the daily and...
Religions >> Egyptian
- Subliminal Persuasion: References
- (1957). " Persuaders' Get Deeply 'Hidden' Tool: Subliminal Projection " Advertising Age , Vol 37, page 127, September 16, 1957. Benes, Kathryn M.., Gutkin, Terry B., Decker, T. Newell, (1990) "The effects of mellow and frenetic music on...
Parapsychology >> Subliminal Persuasion
Florida Championship Wrestling Roster is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Florida Championship Wrestling Roster books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
- Football to Wrestling
- 13 NCAA Wrestling Championships. • 3 Heisman Trophy Florida State 4A Wrestling. Champion - 189 lb.
- www.zimmermanwrestling.com
- A Guide to the Expanded Universe Edition of "Kayfabe Flashback
- Promotion: Championship Wrestling From Florida (CWF). Roster Size: 36. Referee: Bill Alfonso.
- www.kf-80.com
- 2011 CCIW Wrestling Championship February 10, 2011 Hosted by
- Wrestling Championship Information .................. 2. Wrestling Rosters .
- www.cciw.org
- ROSTER. Liberty University Wrestling. 2006-07 Alphabetical Roster.
- www.libertyflames.com
- St. Andrews Wrestling Adds 14 Student-Athletes to 2009/10 Roster
- Sep 28, 2009 St.
- www.sapc.edu
Suggested News Resources
- Lilian Garcia Releases Her Latest Music Video, Masked Wrestler Joins FCW, More
- Benicio Salazar, a masked wrestler, has been added to the Florida Championship Wrestling roster page. He is billed at 6'3", 225 pounds and from Mexico City, Mexico.
Suggested Web Resources
- Talent - Florida Championship Wrestling
- All images and information contained in this website are copyrights of Florida Championship Wrestling.
- www.fcwwrestling.info
- Florida Championship Wrestling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Roster. [edit.
- en.wikipedia.org
- List of WWE personnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- 1.4 Broadcast team. 2 Developmental roster.
- en.wikipedia.org
- FLORIDA CHAMPIONSHIP WRESTLING ROSTER UPDATES. By Richard Trionfo on 2011-08-16 21:31:24.
- www.pwinsider.com
- Florida Championship Wrestling - Pro Wrestling Wiki - Divas
- Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) is a Professional wrestling promotion based on the former indep. Roster Edit Roster section Edit.
- prowrestling.wikia.com
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text:
This new Holiday Inn Express Tampa North – Telecom Park is conveniently located off I-75 at Exit 266 – Fletcher Avenue. This new hotel in Tampa Florida's Telecom Park is minutes away from the University of South Florida (USF – 2 miles), Busch Gardens (3 miles), University Community Hospital, and the Moffitt Cancer Center (2 miles).Your family will love staying at our 100% smoke free Florida Green Certified Hotel. We're located just off I-75, a short drive to Busch Gardens, the Museum of Science & Industry (MOSI), and Adventure Island water park. Area attractions located nearby include the Sun Dome, Lowry Park Zoo, Port of Tampa, Florida Aquarium, and Lettuce Lake Park. Business travelers will appreciate the amenities and services provided at our hotel too! Our hotel in Tampa is in close proximity to many area businesses, such as Circle K, Verizon, Hidden River Business Park, Achieve Global, BICSI, Johnson Controls, USAA, and the VA Hospital. In addition, we provide meeting space that can accommodate up to 60 people with free wireless Internet access. While staying at our tropically landscaped Tampa hotel, you can enjoy our premium amenities, including an outdoor swimming pool & spa, 24-hour fitness & business centers, and free full hot breakfast. Book your reservations now to take advantage of our great Tampa, FL hotel room deals and rates. We also offer at the hotel Busch Garden tickets, visit during the Christmas town event at Busch Gardens.InterContinental
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text:
- Musician's Friend Best Selection, Price & Service. Guaranteed.
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at: 800-449-9128
Call our Gear Heads
at: 800-449-9128
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text:
University Apartments for Upper Classmen - University of Northern Colorado
Greetings from the University Apartments!
We are conveniently located just three blocks east of Central Campus and welcome families, international, graduate and undergraduate students who meet one of the eligibility requirements below. We host 98 two-bedroom apartments that are either furnished or unfurnished with a kitchen, dining room, living room and bathroom. All utilities (electric, gas, trash & water/sewer), local phone service, extended cable and high speed internet are included with your monthly rent!
To live at the University Apartments you must be
a student with a family (married couple or single parent) OR a UNC student who has earned at least 20 credit hours OR are 20+ years old OR a UNC Faculty or staff
member with an FTE of .50 or greater.
Each apartment at University Apartments, whether furnished or unfurnished, comes equipped with a full-size refrigerator, stove and oven, garbage disposal and space-saver microwave. Additionally, a furnished apartment has a dining room table with 4 chairs, a couch, and a chair. In the bedroom, there is a twin bed, a dresser and a desk with a chair. We are pleased to offer several amenities within our apartment complex, including on-site laundry facilities, a fitness room, a community room with a big screen TV and table tennis, bike rack areas and a playground.
Photos of the University Apartments complex:
360°panoramic views of Sample Bedroom and Living Rooms. Living room does not show standard University furniture. (Displayed in the Quicktime Player program. If you have problems viewing the images, you may need to download the Quicktime program.)
Additional Facility Photos (Displayed in the Windows Media Player program. If you have problems viewing the images, you may need to download the Windows Media Player program.)
Click Here for Sample Floor Plan
We have several contract options to better serve our students/residents. Rates are subject to change. The rates listed below are the rates for the 2013-2014 academic year:
- Academic Year Contract (August 16, 2013 - May 15, 2014)
- Furnished: $378 per month per bedroom
- Unfurnished: $352 per month per bedroom
- 12-Month Contract
- Furnished: $368 per month per bedroom
- Unfurnished: $342 per month per bedroom
- Month-to-Month Contract
- Furnished: $422 per month per bedroom
- Unfurnished: $395 per month per bedroom
To apply:
Please login and fill out the housing application through the Housing webpage. If you have questions, please contact our office at 970-351-2570.
Faculty/Staff Contracts:
If you are a faculty or staff member of UNC, please use the following contracts for housing at University Apartments for the 2014-2015 academic year:
- Faculty/Staff - 12 Month Lease
- Faculty/Staff - Month-to-Month Lease
Please print out the application and bring the completed faculty/staff application to the Housing & Residential Education office located in Tobey-Kendel Hall, Room 199.
Contact Us:
University Apartment's Mailing Address:
Housing & Residential Education
Campus Box 38
Greeley, CO 80639
University Apartments Office:
509 18th Street, Greeley, CO 80631
Phone: (970) 351-2570 | Fax: (970) 351-4293 | E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


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|Home > Tutorials > Getting Started > How To Create A Struts 2 Web Application > Create Struts 2 Web Application Using Maven To Manage Artifacts and To Build The Application
You can checkout this complete example project (and all the other Getting Started tutorial example projects) from the Struts 2 GitHub repository at https://github.com/apache/struts-examples. The example projects use Maven to manage the artifact dependencies and to build the .war files.
In your Java IDE create a Java web application with a project name of basic_struts that follows the standard Maven project folder structure. In your pom.xml include the following:
Our next step is to add a simple index.jsp to this web application. Create an index.jsp under src/main/webapp with a title of "Basic Struts 2 Application - Welcome" and in the body add an h1 heading of "Welcome to Struts 2!"
Run mvn clean package to create the war file. Copy the war file into your Servlet container so that it will deploy the war file.
Start up your Servlet container and in a web browser go to http://localhost:8080/Basic_Struts2_Mvn/index.jsp. You should see the following:
Now that we know we have a working Java web application, lets add the minimal required Struts 2 framework Jar files to our web application's class path. In pom.xml add the following dependency node:
Of course replace the X.X.X.X with the current Struts 2 version. Maven will get the struts2-core jar and the other jar files struts2-core requires (transitive dependencies). (NOTE: Beginning with Struts version 2.2.3 you do not need to specify a separate dependency node for javassist.)
To see what's happening under the hood, the example application for this tutorial uses log4j. You'll need to add to pom.xml a dependency node for the log4j jar file:
Setup a log4j.xml configuration in the src/main/resources folder. You can copy the one from the example application, which contains the following
Note the above log4j configuration specifies the console as the log target.
To enable the Struts 2 framework to work with your web application you need to add a Servlet filter class and filter mapping to web.xml. Below is the filter and filter-mapping nodes you should add to web.xml.
For more information about configuring the deployment descriptor for Struts 2 see web.xml. Note the url-pattern node value is /* meaning the Struts 2 filter will be applied to all URLs for this web application.
Struts 2 can use either an XML configuration file or annotations (or both) to specify the relationship between a URL, a Java class, and a view page (such as index.jsp). For our basic Struts 2 application, we'll use a minimal xml configuration. Note the file name is struts.xml and it should be in the src/main/resources folder (struts.xml must be on the web application's root class path).
This minimal Struts 2 configuration file tells the framework that if the URL ends in index.action to redirect the browser to index.jsp.
For more information about the struts.xml configuration file see struts.xml.
With all of the above in place run mvn clean package to create the war file. Remove the previously created war file and exploded web application folder from your Servlet container's webapps folder. Copy to your Servlet container's webapps folder the new war you just created.
Start up the Servlet container. View the console where you should see numerous debug messages that tell you the Struts 2 framework is being included in the Basic_Struts2_Mvn web application.
Open a web browser and go to http://localhost:8080/Basic_Struts2_Mvn/index.action (note that's index.action not index.jsp at the end of the URL). You should see the same web page as when going to http://localhost:8080/Basic_Struts2_Mvn/index.jsp. View the log messages written to the console and you should find several that discuss index.action and index.jsp:
Note that the xwork2 artifact is one of the Jar files that is a transitive dependency for the struts2-core Jar file. The xwork2 library is used heavily by the Struts 2 framework.
The Struts 2 user mailing list is an excellent place to get help. If you are having a problem getting this Basic Struts 2 application to work search the Struts 2 mailing list. If you don't find an answer to your problem, post a question on the mailing list.
Onward to Hello World Using Struts 2
Return to Tutorials


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A forced air dryer designed to dry an infant's bottom during the diaper changing process comprises a housing having an end piece designed to reduce skin abrasion, skin heating, and air flow blockage. In one embodiment, the device is powered by a rechargeable electric battery. In another embodiment, the invention is associated with a diaper changing table.
1. A forced air dryer for drying an infant's bottom as part of a diaper changing process, comprising:
a housing having an air inlet and an air outlet;
an electric fan mounted within the housing operative to draw air into the housing through the inlet and force air out of the outlet;
an air heater mounted within the housing;
a rechargeable battery supported in the housing and operative to power the electric fan and the air heater;
a cylindrical tubular foam plastic end piece, connected to the air outlet so as to receive air from the outlet;
an air passage formed through the end piece, laterally to the axis of the cylinder, operative to vent outlet air to the atmosphere at such time as the tubular outlet of the end piece is blocked;
a cradle for removably supporting said housing; and
a source of electric power supported in the cradle for charging the battery.
2. The dryer of
3. The dryer of
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/617,641, filed Jul. 17, 2000, abandoned, which claims the priority dates of provisional applications No. 60/144,577 (filing date Jul. 19, 1999), Ser. No. 60/173,529 (filing date Dec. 29, 1999), and Ser. No. 60/159,667 (filing date Oct. 15, 1999), which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates generally to forced air dryers and, more specifically, to a forced air dryer designed to dry an infant's bottom during the diaper changing process.
During the first few years of life, human infants typically wear diapers to retain or absorb solid and liquid waste. Once a caregiver notices that a diaper has become soiled, the soiled diaper is removed, the infant's bottom and crotch region is cleaned, and a new, unsoiled, diaper is placed onto the infant. (In this specification, the term "infant's bottom" is used for convenience to describe the buttock area, crotch, and surrounding regions of a baby; areas which may be covered by a diaper). To clean the infant, caregivers often use disposable, pre-moistened towelettes. The soiled skin area is wiped with the towelette to remove waste residue prior to placing the new diaper on the infant.
Infants often suffer from skin irritation, commonly known as diaper rash, on the infant's bottom attributable in part to the moist environment. In order to minimize diaper rash, it is desirable to dry the infant's bottom prior to placing a clean diaper on the infant. Using a dry towel to remove moisture from the infant may irritate sensitive skin. It is preferable to air dry the skin. However, it is often impossible to allow enough time for the infant's bottom to dry completely if the process depends on natural, unassisted, evaporation. Infants are often unwilling to lie still during the diaper change process, and extending the time required to allow for natural evaporation may be difficult if the infant continually tries to move. Also, the caregiver may only have limited time during which to complete the diaper change process so that they can return their attention to other children or other tasks. In light of the above, there is a need for an apparatus to assist in the drying of an infant's bottom during the diaper change process. It is preferred that such a device air-dry the region more quickly than would be possible through natural, unassisted, evaporation. However, it is obviously also important that such a device be designed such that it is easy to use and does not risk injury to the infant.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,394,620, Chimera describes a hand-held body drier with selective attachments. However, this patent does not describe the use of resilient end surfaces adapted for contact with the body to minimize abrasion of sensitive skin. Also, the attachments described do not have means for relieving pressure if the air outlet is blocked. In one embodiment described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,394,620, an attachment having a brush is described. However, a brush is difficult to clean, and may abrade the skin.
The present invention solves the problems (such as diaper rash) caused by the moist skin of a baby after a diaper changing process. The invention incorporates essentially an air blower mounted within a housing having a resilient end surface material designed to minimize skin abrasion. In other embodiments, the air blower is associated with a diaper changing table.
Referring to
One configuration of the end piece 24 is illustrated in
In an alternative embodiment, the outlet duct 16 of the housing 12 is formed from plurality of air outlet holes in the housing, or a mesh or grid covers the outlet duct 16, and the end piece fits over the output duct providing a protruding soft ridge around the outlet duct, with the end piece having at least one outlet hole. In a preferred embodiment, the protruding ridge formed by the end piece 24 around the outlet duct 16 is formed by a soft, resilient material, such as soft plastic, as discussed above.
The nature of the mechanical connection between the end piece and the housing is not critical to the invention. The end piece 16 may be permanently attached to the housing 12 in a unitary structure, but preferably the end piece is removable. Preferably, the end piece 24 pushes over the outlet duct 16 and is secured by friction (e.g. using a tapered outlet), but other configurations are possible, e.g. screw connections, clips, snaps, etc. A hand-grip may also be formed on the housing, preferably near the end opposite the air outlet duct, e.g. by molding the housing with ridges and/or depressions, by adding a sleeve around the housing to improve grip, or by some other method.
In use, a parent or caregiver uses the dryer 10 to dry the infant's bottom prior to placing a clean diaper on the infant. The old soiled diaper is removed from the infant, the infant's bottom is cleaned in the traditional manner, and the dryer 10 is then used to dry the infant's bottom. The dryer 10 is preferably battery powered for safety reasons. The parent or caregiver grips the blower 10 by the housing 12 and turns it on using the switch 22. A grip, touch, or tilt-activated switch may also be used. A flow of air is then directed out of the outlet duct 16, and then out through the end piece 24. This flow of air is directed against the infant to evaporate moisture. If the resilient end 24 comes in contact with the infant, its deformability prevents discomfort or injury. During use, the end piece 24 may become soiled in some manner. For this purpose, it is preferred that the end piece 24 be removable from the outlet duct 16 so that it may be cleaned or disposed of.
Because the dryer 10 is intended for use with infants, it is preferred that only room temperature or slightly heated air be blown out through the outlet duct 16. Therefore, unlike a hair dryer, the dryer 10 does not include high-powered electric heaters. In one embodiment, the dryer 10 includes no heating device so that only room temperature air flows out through the outlet duct 16. In an alternative embodiment, a low power air heater (preferably an electrical air heater) is provided for slightly warming the air flowing out through the outlet duct. These may be formed by heated wires (e.g. nichrome wires). It is preferred that the air be heated only to approximate body temperature or a few degrees warmer. The low heat level also allows the use of batteries to power the device. A temperature sensor may be provided in the outlet duct 16 for monitoring the temperature of the out flowing air and a feedback circuit may be used to control the heating elements. It is also preferred that the air flows out of the dryer 10 at a low rate to be gentle, and that the dryer 10 be quiet. The cradle may alternatively be wall mounted, in which case the cradle may hook on to the side of the housing 12.
As shown in
Referring back to the embodiment shown in
It is preferred that air flow out of the housing not be blocked completely if the end piece is placed directly up against an object, such as some part of a baby. Blocked air flow may cause overheating of the air blower. Conventional hair-driers possess a thermostat, which turn off the device if the air outlet is blocked. A number of methods may be used to avoid air flow blockage; these means for venting air are described below. For example, additional holes may be placed in the housing, near the outlet duct. The connection between the housing and the end piece may be non-airtight. The end piece may be configured to allow air flow laterally to the walls of the end piece. For example, the end piece may be made in whole or in part using a porous material, such as foam rubber, which allows air to diffuse through it. The end piece may be shaped to reduce the possibility of air flow blockage, having e.g. a curved, undulated, or castellated outermost end.
The housing (or end piece) may additionally contain, or otherwise have associated with it, other functionality besides blowing of air. For example, the housing may contain a radiation source, such as a lamp, for illuminating the infant's bottom and/or providing gentle heating. The lamp may be an incandescent lamp, which provides both light and a degree of heating, a visible-emitting light emitting diode, an IR-emitting light emitting diode for heating, or a combination of radiation sources. The housing may also contain a dispenser for one or more substances, e.g. vapors of volatile liquids (e.g. scents), powders (e.g. anti-irritation powders, medicated powders), aerosols, mists, etc.; for example a disinfectant dispenser, soothing medication dispenser, baby oil dispenser, etc. The housing and/or end piece may contain an air filter, for removing particles, odors, or other contaminants from the blown air, which may be useful in some applications of the present invention.
Referring back to the device shown in
The blower may also be reversible, so that the device may be used as a vacuum cleaner. Infants often have the tendency to deposit food from their mouths (or surrounding regions) onto the clothing of the person holding them. The direction of the fan may be reversed in order to remove such food particles. In this embodiment, the housing or end piece should contain a trap, e.g. a removable screen, to catch such items removed.
The device shown in
The present invention may also be used for the gentle drying or heating of other heat-sensitive objects, e.g. fabric-based items (e.g. clothes, carpets, furniture, curtains, etc.), animals (pets, farm animals, etc.), animal products (e.g. eggs, fur, hides, etc.), other living or once-living things (e.g. plants, microorganisms, salad vegetables (e.g. lettuce, spinach), etc.), sensitive equipment of any kind (e.g. electronic equipment, computers, optics), crystals, mineral specimens, semiconductor wafers, fossils, archeological finds, works of art and other valuables, gels, sol-gels, films, membranes, avionics, etc. The end piece, in particular its outermost surface, is chosen to present a minimal contact hazard for the object to be dried or warmed, e.g. non-particulating and soft for drying of optical instruments. The present invention may also be used for personal drying of an adult, e.g. as a supplement or alternative to toweling of sensitive areas. It may also be used as a low-power hairdryer, relatively low powered compared to conventional devices, but useful to people with sensitive scalps, easily heat-damaged hair, or very short hair.
The dryer may have a power source other than a battery, for example a hand crank (e.g. a rotary mechanism powered by a squeezing hand), or be mechanically powered by potential energy e.g. using a spring.
Referring to
Referring to
As will be clear to one of skill in the art, other embodiments are possible without departing from the spirit or teaching of the present invention. For example, a dryer may be provided that is a self-contained box, which may be placed upon a diaper changing table. Alternatively, the box would serve as the diaper changing table, resting on any convenient surface. The box would include a blower and an outlet side that will direct air against the bottom of an infant. Such a box would preferably be padded and have rounded edges so as to prevent injury. This embodiment of the dryer could be battery powered or plug in and include appropriate safety measures. With all embodiments of the present invention, it is preferred that the surfaces and components be cleanable in case it becomes soiled during the diaper change process. Other variations on the present invention will be clear to those of skill in the art. Therefore, the present disclosure and drawings should be interpreted broadly.
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I have to evaluate different tools capable of managing scrums projects. What we need is pretty basic:
- Just PBI / SBI management (no code reviews, no bugs, just PBI and SBIs).
- No web tools, we do not want to have our data on 3rd party servers.
- It will be a plus if the PBI / SBI templates allow customization.
- Trial version it's a must.
- Reports available.
We're evaluating TFS but may be it's overkill just to handle this kind of data (we don't need source control for example).