text:
It's no surprise that the likes of M.J. Rosenberg, whose hatred of Israel and venom for its defenders is practically unmatched, is screeching that the Emergency Committee for Israel has accused Joe Sestak of being "un-American." He's not paying attention — Sestak is being accused of being anti-Israel. A specialist in dual-loyalty charges like Rosenberg should know the difference. And I can't begin to figure out his bizarre assertion that those who care about Iran going nuclear shouldn't bother with "local Pennsylvania politics." It is the U.S. Senate we're talking about, right? Mr. Rosenberg, not only your animus but also your panic is showing.
But it's worth trudging through that hooey to get to this comment from a Rosenberg reader:
As a Democrat I hope Sestak wins, but I find it interesting that far from defending his position on the letter about the Gaza blockade, he will now bend over backward to make sure people in Pennsylvania know how much he disagrees with you, Mr. Rosenberg, on what needs to be done with Israel. For the next six years Joe Sestak will say everything and do everything that AIPAC wants and to that I say: AMEN!
Well, this is the rub, isn't it? Sestak signed the Gaza 54 letter, but now that he's in a Senate race, he has signed on with a majority of his House colleagues in a letter supporting Israel on the flotilla and implicitly criticizing the administration. Did he have a change of heart, or does he merely lack the nerve to be as forthright about his views with the Pennsylvania electorate as he was with his J Street backers?
And what of the anti-Israel left? Aren't they just a bit peeved that first Obama and now Sestak has dropped the Israel-bashing? You would think that they, too, would have the power of their convictions. Why do they prefer to fuzz up the differences between Sestak and his opponent on Israel? Wonder if it has anything to do with the political toxicity of their anti-Israel stance. But Rosenberg's reader has one thing wrong: Sestak isn't likely to get elected by conning the voters that he is AIPAC's best friend. J Street — and ECI — will make that very hard.


text:
Ranked #1 Children's Hospital by U.S. News & World Report
MyPatients provides referring primary care providers with secure access to their patients' information.
Boston Children's has launched the world's 1st program dedicated to offering hand transplants to children who qualify.
Innovation insider is a semi-monthly e-newsletter analyzes innovations at Boston Children's, other academic medical centers and from industry.
Read the latest blog by a Boston Children's doctor, clinician or staff member.
Support the hospital with a donation that helps kids get the care they need.
When a child is diagnosed with hydrocephalus, the entire family is faced with seemingly endless questions, concerns and a significant emotional toll. Boston Children's Hospital's experienced, compassionate health professionals are here to help you at every step of the way.
Here at Boston Children's, you and your child will be cared for by experts from several key disciplines, all working together to develop the best possible treatment plan. Our Hydrocephalus Program includes some of the world's most experienced neurosurgeons, neuroscience nurses, neuropsychologists and other health care professionals. Our strength in all of the related subspecialties ensures that we are ready to address every aspect of your child's care, from initial diagnostic imaging and home-based shunt management to infection control and long-term family support.
Our team is specially trained in surgical and medical procedures for children, with an emphasis on using minimally invasive tests and operations whenever possible.
Boston Children's is a teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School, where all of our physicians have faculty appointments. Just as we continue to provide exceptional patient care and medical expertise, our clinicians are also involved in research that moves us closer to a better understanding of—and treatment for—hydrocephalus and other diseases of the brain, spine and nervous system.
Joseph R. Madsen, MD
Joseph R. Madsen, MD, is a pediatric neurosurgeon who specializes in the treatment of hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, epilepsy and congenital malformations of the brain.
Madsen is also director of Boston Children's Epilepsy Center and an associate professor of Neurosurgery at Harvard Medical School.
Edward Robert Smith, MD
Edward Robert Smith, MD, is a pediatric neurosurgeon specializing in the treatment of:
He is the director of Boston Children's Pediatric Cerebrovascular Surgery and co-director of our Center for Head, Neck and Skull Base, as well as an assistant professor of Neurosurgery at Harvard Medical School.
Benjamin C. Warf, MD
Benjamin C. Warf, MD, is a pediatric neurosurgeon and director of Neonatal and Congenital Anomaly Neurosurgery at Boston Children's. He is one of the world's foremost practitioners of the endoscopic third ventriculostomy procedure to replace the use of shunts in some children with hydrocephalus and spina bifida.
Warf is committed to introducing this minimally invasive procedure in developing nations, where children's access to aftercare is severely limited.
He has helped build a neurosurgical hospital for children in Uganda, where he continues to train pediatric neurosurgeons. Also an expert in treating cerebral palsy, Warf is an associate professor of Neurosurgery at Harvard Medical School.
Larry Benowitz, PhD
Larry Benowitz, director of Boston Children's Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery, whose research focuses on the basic mechanisms that help nerve connections regrow after traumatic injury
Joseph Madsen, MD
Joseph Madsen, MD, Boston Children's neurosurgeon, director of the Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Program and director of the Neurodynamics Research Laboratory, who combines basic science and translational research to improve methods of mapping the brain.
R. Michael Scott, MD
R Michael Scott, MD, Boston Children's Neurosurgeon-in-Chief-emeritus and Christopher R. Fellows Chair in Pediatric Neurosurgery, who is examining growth factors found within cerebrospinal fluid and the role of these substances in the emergence of cerebrovascular disorders.
Edward Robert Smith, MD, Boston Children's neurosurgeon, director of Pediatric Cerebrovascular Surgery and co-director of the Center for Head, Neck and Skull Base, who is working to develop non-invasive biomarkers for detecting neurological disease and to better understand molecular mechanisms in brain tumors and cerebrovascular malformations.
Benjamin C Warf, MD
Benjamin C. Warf, MD, Boston Children's neurosurgeon and director of Neonatal and Congenital Anomaly Neurosurgery, who is researching the emergence and prevalence of hydrocephalus and spina bifida, particularly in developing nations—as well as minimally invasive surgical approaches like endoscopic third ventriculostomy for these diseases.
The future of pediatrics will be forged by thinking differently, breaking paradigms and joining together in a shared vision of tackling the toughest challenges before us."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Art on the Hill
After a one-year hiatus to regroup and refocus its efforts, organizers for Rogers State University's Art on the Hill Festival have announced it will return to the Claremore campus and the event has been expanded to three days.
This will be the fifth year for the festival, which showcases high quality art works by established artisans, rising talents, and students from throughout northeastern Oklahoma. All proceeds from the festival will be directed to fund college scholarships for current RSU students and area high school students.
Art on the Hill has expanded to three days in order to maximize exposure for the artists and performers, said Peggy Rice, who serves as RSU's First Lady and co-chairs the event with RSU art professor Gary Moeller.
A special collection of works from RSU alumni will be exhibited in the Foundation Gallery in conjunction with Art on the Hill.
The event will continue to feature tented venues on the Claremore campus lawn to offer visitors an opportunity to stroll through the art exhibits, experience live art demonstrations, and enjoy music provided by guest musicians. The event will remain free and open to the public, thanks to the generosity of event sponsors.
Artist and Schools
Art on the Hill is currently seeking participating artists and schools. Exhibiting artists who are not students will be subject to a $60 entry fee, with $20 from each entry going directly to the scholarship fund. For questions about showcasing artwork during Art on the Hill, please contact Heather Isaacs at email@example.com or 918-343-7740.
If you are interested in sponsoring this community-wide event, you may contact:


text:
CATHEDRAL CITY, Calif. – Freshman Alexis Gonzalez went 3-for-3 with a run and two RBIs, as the Oregon State softball team defeated Virginia 9-1 Friday evening in five innings at the Mary Nutter Classic in Cathedral City, Calif.
Sophomore Kori Nishitomi went 1-for-1 with two runs, an RBI and three walks, while juniors CJ Chirichigno and Ya Garcia finished with one hit, one RBI and one run apiece. Junior Dani Gilmore recorded two runs and one hit, while senior Hannah Bouska tallied one run and one hit.
Senior Amanda Najdek allowed just three hits and one run, while striking out four in five innings of work.
Oregon State (4-10) jumped out to an early lead, with two runs in the first inning. Nishitomi opened the game with a walk, before Gilmore followed her example with another base-on-balls. Gonzalez then came through with a double down the left-field line to score Nishitomi, before Gilmore came home on a wild pitch to bring the score to 2-0.
The Beavers again got some offense from the top of the order in the third inning. This time Nishitomi started it off with a single, which Bouska followed by ripping a base hit of her own into center. Both runners would advance in the next at bat, before Gonzalez brought them home with a two-RBI single.
Oregon State wrapped the game up with a big fifth inning. Gilmore, Gonzalez and Chirichigno opened the frame with three-straight singles, to extend the lead to 5-1. Freshman Kylie Padilla walked to load the bases, and Virginia (2-9) proceeded to walk in four more runs, as the Beavers showed patience at the plate. Garcia, senior Bailee Niehus, freshman Alleyah Armendariz and Nishitomi all received free passes to give the Beavers the 9-1 win on the run-rule.
The Beavers will return to action tomorrow, when they close out the Mary Nutter Classic with games against Pacific and No. 2/3 Tennessee.
Game Notes:
- Dani Gilmore's first-inning walk moved her into sole possession of seventh on Oregon State's career walks list with 79, moving her past Mia Longfellow.
- Amee Aarhus made her first career start
- Kori Nishitomi set a season-high with three walks. It was the highest total by an Oregon State player since Elizabeth Santana had three ion Apr. 27, 2013
- Oregon State's eight walks was the most the Beavers have had this season.


text:
Find the perfect hotel in Gills Rock using our hotel guide provided below. Search for cheap and discounted hotel and motel rates in or close to Gills Rock, WI for your personal leisure or group travel. Discover the most favored Gills Rock, Wisconsin motel and hotel rooms. Browse the Gills Rock area hotels to find the perfect lodging! Please use the provided map of the Gills Rock hotels.
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text:
Opening Ceremony
Athena Lunch Bag
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How To Use VirtualBox
Computer Inside Your Computer: How To Use VirtualBox
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ReactOS is the most complete working model of a Windows® like operating system available. Consequently, working programmers will learn a great deal by studying ReactOS source code and even participating in ReactOS development.


text:
Hang tight!
Recipe by Ryan Nomura
"Asian flavors and French technique come together to make a great dish. You can also use chicken, scallops, or most types of hearty fish (i.e. tuna, salmon, etc.) to make this."
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For the Pork:
1/4 cup
white sesame seeds
1/4 cup
black sesame seeds
2 tablespoons
shichimi togarashi (Japanese 7 spice)
4 pounds
pork tenderloins
Kosher salt
2 tablespoons
canola oil
For the Sauce:
shallots, minced
2 tablespoons
minced fresh ginger
3/4 cup
dry white wine
2 tablespoons
fresh lime juice
1 cup
whipping cream
2 tablespoons
soy sauce
3 tablespoons
white miso paste
1 cup
cold, unsalted butter, cut into 1-inch cubes
Kosher salt to taste
I made this recipe without shichimi togarashi and used salmon. I loved the idea of coating salmon (pork) in sesame seeds. The sauce is great here. Because miso paste is salty enough, I used just 1 tbs soy sauce. 1/2 cup butter was enough for me too. And I don`t care for ginger so much, so used just a little. The sauce goes great on anything, even as a salad dressing (I had leftovers and used it this way).
Sorry, I wanted to like this, but...terrible balance in the flavors. The meat is just spicy, but not balanced with depth. The sauce was awful. Too acidic with the lime juice AND white wine. And too salty with both miso and soya. All I could taste was "bright" and "acid" and "salty" with no warmth, even after adding the butter. I notice that most other positive reviews used salmon...maybe that oil would help to counter the brightness of the sauce, but not for pork. I was embarrassed to serve this to my wife. I was looking forward to cooking this all week, but had to file this one under "not again." Maybe with some tweaks, like using a miso paste with the sirchimi and sesame instead of in the sauce, and using only one acidic ingredient (wine), it might be good.
I made this as written, except added only a little soya into the sauce.
6 Ratings
This recipe was exactly what I was hoping for. I did however use salmon instead of pork. I also added some straw mushrooms to the miso butter and served it with a side of Japanese rice. Very tasty!!
Followed the recipe to a T. Didn't add any more salt to the sauce. I also used sake for my dry white wine. My husband and I loved it but I had to cut away the edges for my 4 yr old daughter. It was a bit spicy for her. Will def. try again with salmon.
loved it
It was awesome ! Had big challenges finding the shichimi togarashi in our area (found it at Olives & Spices at Marché Jean-Talon, Montreal); however it made it all worth the while !
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Shichimi-Seared Pork Tenderloin
Serving Size: 1/8 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 8
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 718
Calories from Fat: 457
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text:
ComicRack - The eComic Reader :: File Repository
Language Packs
This contains language packs available for ComicRack. The latest release of ComicRack always contains all Language Packs in the setup, but here may be a newer version available.
To install a language pack, simply copy the downloaded zip file into the Languages folder of your ComicRack installation (usually C:\Program Files\ComicRack\Languages)
Greek Language Pack
- Submitted By:
- {Oo}
- Submitted On:
- 19 Feb 2013
- File Size:
- 81.06 Kb
Czech Language Pack
- Short Description:
- Český jazykový balík pro ComicRack 0.9.155
- Submitted By:
- Submitted On:
- 02 Jun 2012
- File Size:
- 68.92 Kb
Latest Files
A script for ComicRack that allows you to add details from the Comic Vine online database to your...
This is the torrent download of the latest setup package. If possible use this to download ComicR...
ComicRack is the best Comic Reader and Manager for Windows PCs. Changes in this 0.9.176: * NEW:...
Many scripts are not available here but are posted in the forum. They are collected in the index ...
If you are using ComicRack to organize your comic library there is sometimes the need to enter da...


text:
The Case Files: Sam & Twitch creative team -- writer Marc Andreyko and artist Paul Lee -- are scheduled to do a signing at Hi De Ho Comics in Santa Monica, CA, on St. Patrick's Day, Wednesday, March 17.
Also at the signing will be artist Brian Horton and writer Scott Allie. The event takes place from 2:30 to 5:30 p.m.
The shop is located at 525 Santa Monica Boulevard in Santa Monica; you can call (310) 394.2820 for info or go to www.hidehocomics.com.
If you enjoy the new Case Files comic and you're in the area, please stop by and meet the artists, have a chat and get 'em to sign your latest issue of Sam and Twitch.


text:
Date: 3 years ago
Runtime: 2:33
Views: 17,417
Top Comments
All Comments
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text:
This invention relates to an implant for treating pathological changes in the spinal column and/or locomotor system. According to one embodiment of the invention, the implant has a surface, a body, and an enamel-like or varnish-like coating that is up to 100 μm thick, comprises a biodegradable polymer such as polylactide which has a mean molecular weight of 100 kDa or less, forms an adhesive bond to the surface of the body such that when the implant is implanted, mechanical friction will not abrade or damage the coating, and is adapted to contact bone when implanted. This coating has an osteoinductive effect, which promotes the healing of fractures. Additional osteoinductive materials such as growth factors may be incorporated in the coating. The invention also relates to a method for producing such an implant using the following steps: preparing a dispersion of a biodegradable polymer in an organic solvent; applying the dispersion on the surface to be coated; and allowing the organic solvent to evaporate.
1. An orthopedic implant comprising:
(a) a friction surface to slide against bone;
(b) a body; and
(c) a varnish-like abrasion-resistant coating, wherein said coating comprises a biodegradable polymer having a mean molecular weight of 100 kDa or less; said coating has a thickness of 100 μm or less; said coating is adhesively bonded to the surface of the body by a method, comprising:
preparing a dispersion of the biodegradable polymer in an organic solvent;
applying the dispersion on the surface; and
evaporating the organic solvent in an atmosphere having a controlled amount of organic solvent.
2. The implant of
3. The implant of
4. The implant of
5. The implant of
6. The implant of
7. The implant of
8. The implant of
9. The implant of
10. The implant of
11. The implant of
12. The implant of
13. The implant of
14. The implant of
15. The implant of
16. The implant of
17. The implant of
18. The implant of
19. The implant of
20. The implant of
21. An orthopedic implant comprising:
a body formed from a biocompatible material;
a surface of the body; and
a film forming an adhesive bond on the surface by a method, comprising:
preparing a dispersion of the biodegradable polymer in an organic solvent;
applying the dispersion on the surface; and
evaporating the organic solvent in an atmosphere having a controlled amount of organic solvent to adjust a rate of evaporation.
22. The orthopedic implant of
23. The orthopedic implant of
24. The orthopedic implant of
letting the colloidal solution stand for between 3 and 12 hours;
filtering the colloidal solution to remove particles larger than approximately 500 nm.
25. The orthopedic implant of
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/801,752, filed Mar. 9, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,998,134, which is a continuation of the U.S. National Stage designation of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP99/06708, filed Sep. 10, 1999, published in English as WO 00/15273, which claims priority to German Application No. 198 43 251.8, filed Sep. 11, 1998. The entire contents of these applications are expressly incorporated herein by reference thereto.
The present invention relates to an implant designed to compensate for pathological changes or conditions in the spinal column and/or locomotor system. The invention also covers a method for producing such an implant.
Implants for treatment of pathological conditions of the spine and/or locomotor system are known in the prior art. They are intended, for example, to mechanically stabilize a fracture, thus promoting the healing process or, in the case of endoprosthetic implants, to be permanently bonded to the bone.
PCT Publication No. WO 98/19699 describes the systemic administration of medications or hormones serving to promote osteosynthesis and thus to accelerate the healing process of the fracture. Examples of suitable means include growth factors such as IGF-I. Such systemic applications, however, can lead to undesirable side effects.
PCT Publication No. WO 93/20859 describes the fabrication of a thin foil or film consisting of a polylactic-acid/polyglycol-acid copolymer containing growth factors. The intent is to wrap a foil of that type, for instance, around fracture-fixation devices prior to their implantation. This is supposed to release the growth factors in localized fashion in the area of the fracture. In practice, however, this method is unsuitable since, for instance, a nail wrapped with a foil of that type cannot be inserted in the medulla in a way that the foil, which only loosely envelops the nail, actually reaches the point of its intended healing action.
In light of the foregoing, a need exists for an implant that promotes the healing process in pathological changes of the spinal column and locomotor system, especially by furthering osteosynthesis, and thus accelerating the healing of fractures or the integration of an implant.
The present invention relates to an implant for treating and/or compensating pathological changes or conditions in the spinal column and/or locomotor system. The implant, in various embodiments, has a varnish-like biodegradable polymer coating of a thickness of 100 μm or less, a thickness of 50 μm or less, preferably 30 μm or less, and more desirably, 20 μm or less. In other embodiments, the varnish-like coating has a thickness of 10 to 30 μm, and preferably 10 to 20 μm. The implant can be a fracture-fixation device or an endoprosthetic device. Examples of such devices include plates, screws, nails, pins, wires, threads, or cages used for the spinal column and locomotor system.
The polymer used for the coating may have a glass transition temperature of 37� C. (98.6� F.) or higher and a mean molecular weight of 100 kDa or less. Examples of suitable polymers include poly-α hydroxy acids, polyglycols, polytyrosine carbonates, starch, gelatins, and cellulose, as well as blends and interpolymers thereof. Examples of suitable poly-α hydroxy acids include polylactides, polyglycol acids, and interpolymers thereof. In one embodiment, the coating contains at least two layers of the biodegradable polymer.
The varnish-like coating according to the present invention can also include pharmaceutically active additives, such as osteoinductive substances. Examples of such substances include one or more growth factors. Specifically, the growth factors can be selected from the group consisting of IGF, TGF, FGF, EGF, BMP, and PDGF. In an exemplary embodiment, the coating contains IGF-I, TGF-β, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the growth-factor percentage of the total weight of the coating is 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 8% by weight and, more desirably, 1 to 5% by weight. In a specific embodiment, the coating contains about 5% by weight of IGF-I and about 1% by weight of TGF-β.
The present invention also relates to a method of producing an implant having a varnish-like biodegradable polymer coating of a thickness of 100 μm or less. Furthermore, the invention relates to an implant produced by such a method. The method for producing an implant includes the following steps: preparing a dispersion of the biodegradable polymer in an organic solvent; applying the dispersion on the surface to be coated; and allowing the solvent to evaporate. The application and evaporation processes may occur, for example, at a temperature of between 0 and 30� C. (32-86� F.), and preferably at about 22� C. (72� F.). Additionally, the evaporation of the solvent may occur, for example, in a gaseous atmosphere substantially saturated with solvent vapor. In an exemplary embodiment, the application of the dispersion and the evaporation of the solvent are repeated two or more times.
The dispersion may be a colloidal solution of the polymer in the solvent. Such a colloidal solution may be produced by allowing a mixture of polymer and solvent to stand for periods of time ranging from 1 minute to 24 hours, preferably 2 to 24 hours, 3 to 12 hours, or 4 to 8 hours, and most preferably for about 6 hours. The colloidal solution may be filtered prior to its application. The filtering may occur through a micropore filter with a pore size of 0.45 μm or smaller.
Suitable solvents include ethyl acetate or chloroform with the dispersion containing, for example, 20 to 300 mg of polymer per ml of solvent.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to an orthopaedic implant having a varnish-like biodegradable polymer coating of a thickness of 100 μm or less, the implant being made by the following steps:
Preferred features of the present invention are disclosed in the accompanying drawings, wherein similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, and wherein:
The present invention relates to an implant having a varnish-like coating of a biodegradable or resorbable polymer that may be up to 100 μm thick. As used herein, the term implant refers to a device, which in the process of a surgical procedure is at least partially introduced inside the body. In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention is directed to implants of the type that serve to support a pathologically changed spinal column and/or locomotor system, especially by providing a mechanical reinforcement. The pathological changes may be in the form of fractures, pathological changes of joints and bones, distended or torn ligaments or tendons and the like. Application of the implants may involve direct contact with, attachment to or insertion in a bone of other part or element of the spinal column or locomotor system (such as ligaments or tendons).
The term implant is to be understood in the broadest sense of the word since it also includes, for instance, implants which are used for elongative or reductive ostectomies, craniotomies, for ligament healing and restoration, for tumor and sports-injury-related surgery, in dentistry as well as in the case of oral, maxillary and facial dislocations.
The term fracture fixation device refers to any device that serves to fix, correct and/or mechanically stabilize a fractured bone. Examples thereof include plates, screws, nails, pins, wires, sutures, or cages for the spinal column and locomotor system. Usually, fracture fixation devices are removed after the fracture has healed, but in certain circumstances, they may be permanently left in or on the bone or they can be reabsorbed by the organism. Endoprosthetic implants are designed to permanently remain in the body and usually function as substitutes for a natural body part such as a joint, a bone section or a tooth.
The implants according to one embodiment of the invention are made of a base material that is chemically and/or physically different from that of the varnish-like coating. In many cases, the base material may not be biodegradable. This implies that under physiological conditions, where the implant is used and for the length of time during which it is typically retained in the body, the base material will not decay, corrode or in any other way change its physiochemical state, or if it does, then only with negligible deterioration of its desired effect. An implant according to one aspect of the invention will in many cases consist of a metal or an alloy such as stainless steel and/or titanium. Alternatively, the implant may consist of a base material which is itself biodegradable or bioresorbable.
In accordance with the present invention, the implants are provided with a varnish-like coating. The term varnish-like means that the coating bonds with the surface of the base material with enough adhesive strength such that, when the implant is implanted, mechanical friction will not abrade or otherwise damage the coating, or at least, not to such an extent as to compromise its physical effect, as described in more detail further below. For example, it is advantageous to properly drive a nail, provided with the varnish-like coating, into the bone without any significant abrasion of the varnish-like coating.
The coating may be up to 100 μm thick. In other words, it is preferable that the average thickness of the coating is 100 μm or less. For example, spots with a thickness of more than 100 μm, occasioned by fluctuations in the coating process, would be allowed.
The coating consists of a biodegradable polymer. This means that, due to its exposure to the physiological conditions prevailing in the area of the implant, it will progressively degrade, over a period of preferably several weeks, months, or years, through molecular breakdown. These molecular separation products and any other metabolites preferably display no or, at worst, only negligible toxicity and the body should be able to metabolize or excrete all or most of them. Polymers, which contain no toxic metabolites and can be completely biodegraded and eliminated, are also sometimes referred to as bioresorbable. The polymers used in applying this invention are preferably of the bioresorbable type.
It is surprising that, even without the addition of other pharmaceutically active agents such as growth factors, the varnish-like coating promotes osteosynthesis (and thus contributory fracture-healing, infection-fighting, and complication-avoiding effect).
The thickness of the varnish-like coating is preferably 50 μm, more preferably about 30 μm, and most preferably about 20 μm or less. In many cases, the preferred thickness is between 10 and 30 μm and most desirably between 10 and 20 μm.
The polymer employed preferably has a glass transition temperature of 37� C. (98.6� F.) or higher so as to retain its desired strength in the body. Polymers with a mean molecular weight of 100 kDa or less are preferred.
The polymer is preferably selected from the group comprising poly-α-hydroxy acids, polyglycols, polytyrosine carbonates, starch, gelatins, cellulose as well as blends and interpolymers containing these components. Particularly preferred among the poly-α-hydroxy acids are the polylactides, polyglycol acids, and their interpolymers. One example of a suitable polylactide is marketed by Boehringer-Ingelheim under the trade name R 203. It is a racemic poly-D,L-lactide. This racemic compound forms an amorphous, varnish-like layer on the surface of the implant. The formation of crystalline polymer structures in the coating should preferably be avoided, which is why an enantiomerically pure lactide is preferably avoided. Suitable polytyrosene carbonates include for instance p(DTE-co-5% PEG 1000 carbonates) and p(DTE-co-26% PEG 20000 carbonates). These are copolymers containing the specified amounts of polyethylene glycols.
The coating may contain additional pharmaceutically active agents, such as osteoinductive or biocidal or anti-infection substances. Suitable osteoinductive substances include, for example, growth factors whose proportion of the total weight of the coating is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight or, more preferably, 0.5 to 8% by weight and, most desirably, 1 to 5% by weight. This weight percentage relates to the net amount of the active agent, without counting any pharmaceutical carrier substances.
The growth factors may be selected from the group of IGF (insulin-like growth factors), TGF (transforming growth factors), FGB (fibroblast growth factors), EGF (epidermal growth factors), BMP (bone morphogenic proteins) and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factors). These growth factors are well known and are commercially available. The varnish-like coating preferably contains the IGF-I or TGF-β growth factors, with particular preference given to a combination of these two growth factors.
This invention also relates to a method for producing an implant of the type described above, which may include the steps of:
The term dispersion refers to any given distribution of the polymer in an organic solvent. This may be a chemical solution, a purely physical dispersion or any intermediate step, especially including for instance, colloidal solutions. The application of the dispersion and the evaporation of the solvent preferably take place at a temperature of between 0 and 30� C. (32-86� F.), and more desirably at a room temperature of about 22� C. (72� F.). This so-called cold coating also allows for temperature-sensitive components such as certain growth factors to be applied on the implant together with the polymer. Applying the dispersion is performed preferably by immersing the implant in the dispersion. Other ways of applying the coating, for example by brushing, spraying, etc. are also possible. Of course, in addition to the polymer, the dispersion may also contain the aforementioned pharmaceutically active agents such as osteoinductive or biocidal substances.
Most preferably, the solvent is allowed to evaporate in a gas atmosphere, essentially saturated with solvent vapor. To that end, it is desirable to manipulate the implant that has been immersed in the dispersion, in a closed space whose atmosphere is highly solvent-saturated. Preferably, this will result in a very slow evaporation of the solvent, and consequently, in a uniform, well-adhering varnish-like coating. The preferred evaporation time is between 1 minute and 1 hour, or more preferably 5 to 30 minutes, and most desirably about 10 minutes. It is also preferred to apply the coating by incrementally building it up in several thin layers, for example by repeating the dispersion and the solvent-evaporation processes two or more times.
Preferably, a dispersion which is constituted by a colloidal solution of the polymer in the solvent may be used. This colloidal solution preferably contains colloidal polymer particles between 1 and 1000 nm and preferably less than 400-500 nm in size. For example, this type of colloidal solution can be produced by mixing the polymer and the solvent, then letting it stand for a period of 1 minute to 24 hours, preferably 2 to 24 hours, more preferably 3 to 12 hours, still more preferably 8 hours, and most desirably about 6 hours. During the most preferred period of about 6 hours, polymer colloid particles will form in the desired size range of less than about 500 nm. To separate any remaining larger polymer particles, the colloidal solution can be filtered prior to its application on the implant, preferably by using a micropore filter whose pore size corresponds to the desired maximum size of the colloid particles. Micropore filters are commercially available with pore sizes for example of 0.45 or 0.2 μm.
The solvents used are preferably popular organic, nonpolar or weakly polar solvents. Particular preference may be given to ethyl acetate or chloroform. Prior to its application on the implant, the dispersion preferably contains an amount of, preferably 20 to 300 mg, and more desirably 50 to 150 mg, polymer (perhaps including other constituents such as osteoinductive or biocidal substances) per ml of solvent.
These and other aspects of the present invention may be more fully understood with reference to the following non limiting examples, which are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims.
Method for Making a Bioactive Implant
400 mg PDLLA (poly(D,L) lactide, Resomer R 203 by Boehringer-Ingelheim) is dispersed in 6 ml chloroform at room temperature. If the coating is to contain other osteoinductive or biocidal substances, these are also added to the dispersion, in which case 400 mg is the total combined weight of the PDLLA and the additives. The dispersion is allowed to sit for 6 hours until a colloidal solution has formed, which is then passed through a sterile microfilter with a pore size of 0.45 μm into a sterile container.
Next, Kirschner wires (1.6 mm in diameter, 3.5 cm long) of titanium and steel as well as titanium bone nails are immersed in the filtered solution, whereupon the solvent is allowed to evaporate in a chloroform atmosphere for a period of 10 minutes. This process (coating and evaporation) is repeated once. The implants obtained preferably will be coated with a thin, varnish-like polymer layer about 10 to 20 μm thick.
Microbiological Properties of the Coating
After an incubation time of either 6 or 12 weeks, microbiological examinations of titanium Kirschner wires coated with a layer of PDLLA according to example 1 revealed no noticeable growth of microorganisms. Additionally, ten implants coated with PDLLA and ten uncoated implants were each contaminated with staphylococci (KD 105). The coated implants displayed a significantly lower adhesion rate of these microorganisms.
Mechanical Strength of the Coating
Twenty titanium and steel Kirschner wires each were weighed and then coated, as in Example 1, with PDLLA containing 1% methyl violet as color marker. The wires were implanted in the tibiae of rats. Following explantation, the mechanical abrasion of the coating was measured by weighing and by photometric analysis. The highest abrasion rate found was 2.9% in the case of titanium wires and 4.6% for steel wires. Raster electron micrographs showed that in none of the implants examined had the coating been abraded all the way to the metal surface.
Method for Making a Bioactive Implant
This example will show the advantages of a colloidal solution for the mechanical strength of the coating. 800 mg each of PDLLA R 203 was added to 2 batches of 6 ml ethyl acetate each. The resulting dispersions were allowed to sit at room temperature for either 6 or 24 hours respectively and were then filtered as in Example 1. The dispersions or solutions thus obtained were used to coat stents, employing the procedure per Example 1. It should be mentioned that although stents are not orthopaedic implants, they were used only because they are particularly well suited for elongation tests, and, as a result, for the analysis of the mechanical strength of the varnish-like coating. The volume of the coating was determined by weighing the stents before and after the application of the coating. The coated stents were expanded with a PTCA balloon at a pressure of 8 bar (116 psi) using conventional techniques. The expanded stents were weighed again to determine the amount of the coating material that had peeled off or was lost some other way.
It was found that the stents which were coated with the dispersion that had stood for 6 hours prior to the filtering had lost an average of 0.8% of their coating while the other stents (which had stood for 24 hours) had a loss of 6.0% by weight. This indicates that for mechanical strength of the coating, it is preferable not to produce a complete chemical polymer solution in the solvent, but rather, a colloidal solution with a colloidal particle size of 0.45 μm or less.
Stability of the Active Agents Contained in the Coating
To determine the stability of the growth factors (WF) incorporated in the coating, titanium Kirschner wires were coated with PDLLA as in Example 1, containing the growth factors IGF-I (5% by weight) and TGF-β (1% by weight). The stability (storage life) of the growth factors was analyzed after 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. After 6 weeks, the loss in effectiveness was found to be less than 3%. After 6 months, the growth factors included in the coating were found to be still better than 95.5% effective; and after 1 year better than 93%. This proves that the active agents, incorporated in the coating as provided for by the invention, retain their biological stability and effectiveness even if the coated implant is stored for an extended period of time before it is used.
Biodegradation of the PDLLA Coating
Titanium Kirschner wires, coated with PDLLA per Example 1, were subjected to in-vitro elutriation tests. To simulate in vivo situations, the elutions were passed through a physiological 0.9% NaCl solution at a temperature of 37� C. (98.6� F.) under laminar air-flow conditions. Within 9 weeks about 10% of the PDLLA coating had progressively degraded. For an in vivo study of the biodegradation characteristics of the PDLLA coating, 10 PDLLA-coated Kirschner wires with a defined coating volume were implanted in Sprague Dawley rats. After 6 weeks, the implants were removed and the in vivo degradation of the PDLLA coating was determined by measuring the difference between the pre-implantation and the post-explantation weight, as well as the inherent viscosity, and the molecular weight of the completely separated coating, followed by a comparison with the in vitro data.
As shown in
Examination of the Release of Active Agents Integrated in the Coating
As in Example 1, titanium Kirschner wires were coated with PDLLA, which additionally contained either 5% by weight of IGF-I or 1% by weight of TGF-β1 or a combination of 5% by weight of IGF-I and 1% by weight of TGF-β1. The release pattern of the growth factors incorporated in the coating was analyzed with in vitro elutriation tests. The results are shown in
Ten titanium Kirschner wires, coated with PDLLA and the above-mentioned growth factors, were implanted in the tibiae of each of the Sprague Dawley rats used. After 42 days, the implants were removed and the residual concentrations of the growth factor inclusions were measured, using ELISA. As shown in
Osteoinductive Effect of the Implants
In an experiment with animals, tests were conducted on 60 such animals (5-months-old female Sprague Dawley rats). All test animals were subjected to a standardized fracture of the right tibia. Differently coated titanium wires (1.0 mm in diameter) were then implanted in the repositioned tibiae as intramedullary supports.
Depending on the group assignments as specified below 2 mg/kg of a rat-specific recombinant growth hormone (r-rGH) or a placebo was subcutaneously injected daily for a period of time up to 42 days. At various time points (0 d, 4 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, 28 d, 35 d, and 42 d) and after administration of an anaesthetic inhalant, x-rays were taken in two planes, 1.25 ml of blood was taken from each by the retrobulbar method (deep-frozen at −80� C. (−112� F.)), and their weight and body temperature were measured. On day 42, the fractured and the unfractured tibiae, along with the periosteum, were separately prepared and subjected to biomechanical tests (torsional load-torsional stiffness).
Group assignments
The coated implants were produced as indicated in Example 1.
The fracturing model employed lent itself well to the creation of a standardized transverse fracture of the right tibia, without any major damage to the soft tissue. In 2 out of 60, the tibia fracture was comminuted; in one, it was helical, requiring premature discontinuation. One animal died in a postoperative examination under anesthesia (32nd day).
Weight and Temperature
In the animals systemically treated with (r-rGH) (Groups III and V), there was no rise in body temperature during the course of the test, in comparison to the animals that had been given a placebo (Groups I, II and IV), but their body weight increased significantly by 13% (p<0.05). No major differences were found among Groups I, II and IV (placebo) or III and V (GH).
Biomechanical Test
The data obtained are expressed in absolute values (torsional load) and in percentages (torsional stiffness), as compared to the unfractured opposite side. The results reveal a significant increase (p<0.05) of the maximum torsional load in Group III, as well as Groups IV and V, as compared to the systemic application. It appears that the local application of growth factors (Group IV) not only leads to a markedly higher maximum torsional load, compared to the control group, but on average also when compared with the results of the systemic application of r-rGH (insignificant). No further increase in the maximum torsional load was observed as a result of simultaneous administration of r-rGH and the local application of IGF-I and TGF-β. The maximum torsional load in the group treated with poly-D,L-lactide increased significantly, compared to that of the control group. In terms of torsional stiffness, relative to that of the contralateral tibia, comparable findings were made. In this case as well, the groups with the local application of growth factors showed the most favorable results.
5 months-old female Sprague Dawley rats (n=144) were subjected to a standardized closed fracture of the right tibia using a fracturing machine; and uncoated versus coated titanium Kirschner wires were implanted in the tibiae as intramedullary stabilizers. A comparison was made between the following groups:
The coated implants were produced as in Example 1. Time-sequential radiographs were taken in 2 planes (a.-p. and lateral). At time points 0 d, 4 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, 28 d, sera were measured, including the systemic concentration of r-IGF-I and r-TGF-β1 and the body weight and body temperature were determined. After 4 weeks, the implants were removed and the fractured tibiae were biomechanically tested in comparison with the untreated contralateral tibiae. The histomorphometric examination (O. Safranin/v. Kossa) of the calli was quantified by means of an analytical imaging system (Zeiss KS 400).
In the radiographic evaluation, the untreated Group I still showed a distinct fractured dissociation. Groups II and III displayed good callus formation, as compared to the uncoated Group I. In the animals of Group IV, the fractures had almost completely consolidated (
The histomorphometric examinations substantiate the radiographic and biomechanical test results. There were substantially more areas of connective tissue cells in Group I than in the treated groups. The group treated with PDLLA displayed good callus formation and a pattern of advanced callus reconstruction, with a minimal proportion of connective tissue cells. Group IV displayed an almost completely restored fracture and the highest bone density in the callus. The group treated with polylactide only also showed a significantly higher bone density in the callus area, as compared with the control group (
Between the treated and the untreated groups, no changes were evident in terms of serum parameters, body weight, or body temperature.
12 months-old Yucatan dwarf pigs (n=30) were subjected to a standardized osteotomy (1 mm gap) of the right tibia which was then intramedullarily stabilized with either coated or uncoated titanium tibia nails and statically locked. A comparison of the following groups was made:
The coated implants were produced as in Example 1. Time-sequential radiographic examinations and serum tests were performed. After 4 weeks, the two tibiae were removed and biomechanically tested. The callus diameter was measured and the callus volume was determined by the Archimedes principle.
After 4 weeks, all of the control-group animals showed an incomplete consolidation of the osteotomy gap. The group treated with polylactide showed good callus formation. Group III displayed substantially advanced callus formation (
Compared to the contralateral tibia, and in comparison with the control group, the group treated with polylactide displayed a considerably higher maximum torsional load and maximum torsional stiffness. The inclusion of growth factors in the polylactide coating produced a significant augmentation of the maximum torsional load and maximum torsional stiffness.
Strength of the Intramedullary Support
The standardized explantation of the titanium wires from the tibiae, using a power extractor, required substantially more extractive force for explanting the wires coated with IGF-I and TGF-β than those in the control group.
It is evident from Examples 8 to 10 that the use of an implant coated with a varnish-like biodegradable polymer coating can significantly accelerate the osteosynthesis and thus the healing process of the fracture. This accelerated process has been documented for a polymer-coated implant, without the addition of other osteoinductive agents. Incorporating growth factors in the coating permits a further acceleration of the fracture-healing process, with the combined application of IGF-I and TGF-β being particularly effective.
The examples also show that by means of the method per this invention, it is possible to produce a varnish-like coating, which by virtue of its physical structure and mechanical strength clearly distinguishes itself from any prior art.
While various descriptions of the present invention are described above, it should be understood that the various features can be used singly or in any combination thereof. Therefore, this invention is not to be limited to only the specifically preferred embodiments depicted herein.
Further, it should be understood that variations and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Accordingly, all expedient modifications readily attainable by one versed in the art from the disclosure set forth herein that are within the scope and spirit of the present invention are to be included as further embodiments of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is accordingly defined as set forth in the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
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Someone's developing a self-referential teenage slasher film that isn't Scream 4. At least, that's what the first three-quarters of this trailer would lead you to believe. The last quarter of the video includes animal growling from the teens, something resembling hell, and something resembling a UFO. Detention looks like it may have been sprung from the mind of a 14 year-old Richard Kelly.
The trailer doesn't do much to reveal how we go from "A" to "B" in the film, but "B" looks pretty damn insane. Even if the film turns into a trainwreck, which it very well could, considering the director of Torque, Joseph Kahn, is helming, it looks like the path this film takes is enough to entertain, or at least mesmerize. (/Film)
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What the hell just happened?
is that what ADHD feels like?


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I am visiting my friend Jim in Walpole, NH, and it is snowy weather. His knee is hurting him (acl surgery scheduled for a fortnight from now) so we can't go for hikes in the woods...So, of course, I taught him how to knit, and he's taken to it like a pro: Got the basics in less than an hour, and thus far today he has knit 3 inches on a simple garter scarf (brown sheep worsted: 34 st on size 9's....could have done size 10's...my fault, scarf could have more drape) but it's all good and he's buzzing right along for such a curmudgeonly old woodchuck...
I whipped out a hat in Adirondec (sp?) organic cotton (not terrible to knit with for a cotton,) but as I was making it up as I went along, it is a little on the largish side. I will probably pull the whole thing out and start again: It took about 2 hours to do. No big deal... All is good: I return to Portland on Monday.... I miss my kids (horses) and the gardens, but it is nice to visit with my friend.
Hello Knitting Gentlemen,
I'm wondering which knitting or fiber magazines folks like and subscribe to? I finally got around to resubscribing to Interweave's Spin Off (after, oh, a good 10 year hiatus) mostly for the ads and resources.
What are your favorites?
Jonathan in DC
From another knitting group - in January of '06 (or so I recall;t may have been February) - I joined a "Knit your own adventure mystery pi shawl" (KYOAMPI) -- and *finally* got it blocked out this week and photographed.
attached are before and after shots of the shawl once off the needle.
there was a "garden" them on this shawl - you could pick various lace and mix and match -- I have a "flower lace" ; lace daffodils, bumblebee lace and leaf lace.
i am looking for home grown wool --- I recieved some as a gift this week and really liked the feel of the natural wool and was wondering if anyone could recommend a website that has home grown and spun wool --- Ifigure I can support the little people in this world too instead of the big corporate america.
Also, aas a side note if any of you men own a wool farm and need help this summer let me know (it would be great experience since I am going to school to get my veterinary technichian certification)


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Tony Bourdain Talking to Food Bloggers and Chefs
Did any of you watch "No Reservations" on Monday night, when Tony was interviewing chefs and food bloggers about their obsessions? I was waiting for someone from SE to appear, especially when he was talking to food bloggers. One the founders of eGullet (don't remember his name) explained why he gets upset over a mediocre dish - "I quit a $400,000 a year job a Lehman Bros. to devote myself to food.....for this?" Tony was laughing his head off. He seemed to think that the bloggers were basically a bunch of nutjobs. So combative - "You don't like what I like, then I want you dead!" Whoa...
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The South District Underground Injection Control Program (UIC)
provides regulatory oversight via permitting and
compliance/enforcement activities of the following types of
injection well facilities within the District boundaries:
Class 1 Municipal and
Industrial Wastewater Disposal well systems
Class V Aquifer Storage
and Recovery well systems
Class V Domestic and
Industrial Wastewater disposal well systems within the
Florida Keys and other barrier island communities along the
southern and southwestern Florida coastline.
Class V well systems that
service swimming pool drainage systems and geothermal
heating and cooling systems for larger residential and
commercial properties.
Class 1 Municipal and
Industrial Wastewater Disposal well systems
Class V Aquifer Storage
and Recovery well systems
Class V Domestic and
Industrial Wastewater disposal well systems within the
Florida Keys and other barrier island communities along the
southern and southwestern Florida coastline.
Class V well systems that
service swimming pool drainage systems and geothermal
heating and cooling systems for larger residential and
commercial properties.
The District's Class 1 Deep Injection Well (DIW) program area
services facilities that dispose of domestic wastewater effluent
by providing a consistently available, highly efficient,
disposal systems during critical periods of wet weather thus
preventing discharge of such effluents to sensitive area
surface waters. The District's Class 1 deep well program
services Solid Waste Program area landfills by providing access
to efficient and effective leachate disposal systems via our
permitting and compliance oversight.
The Class 1 DIW program also services water production
facilities that utilize reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology
to produce high quality potable water from groundwaters that are
typically of poor quality due to mineral content concentration.
The DIW program provides an efficient, effective, and
consistently available disposal methodology for the concentrate
wastestreams generated by these RO facilities by allowing access
to aquifers and formations that are similar in nature to the
saline quality of the RO concentrate wastestream thus avoiding
impacts to the environment.
Our Class V, Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR), program area
provides oversight of systems designed to inject, store and
retrieve water from underground rock formations and aquifer systems
in an efficient and effective manner. The South District
has two types of ASR systems in use:
ASR systems operating within aquifers and formation containing
the Underground Source of Drinking Water (USDW) and systems
operating within aquifers and rock formations that are
underneath the USDW. Systems within the USDW typically
store, during the wet seasons, while supply is plentiful,
partially-treated surface waters and potable water for reuse as
potable water and irrigation water supplies during the dry
season when water supplies are at critically low levels.
This type of water management practice reduces impacts to
valuable fresh water aquifer systems.
Non-USDW ASR systems typically operate using non-potable
water sources such as partially treated stormwater runoff,
excess surface waters, and highly treated reclaimed water from
domestic wastewater facilities as the source of water for
storage and retrieval. These non-USDW systems allow a net
benefit to be realized from water sources that would ordinarily
be lost to tide and provide no net benefits. Waters
retrieved from these ASRs is typically only used for irrigation
purposes, yet provide huge benefits to the serviced populations
by decreasing consumption of water produced for potable purposes
thus conserving resources and providing tremendous savings by
reducing or eliminating the need for additional infrastructure
and potable water treatment facility expansions.
The Class V well program area services area residents and
commercial enterprises by providing access to injection well
systems that allow for effective and efficient handling of
excess swimming pool waters and access to geothermal heating and
cooling resources that would otherwise be unavailable.
The South District UIC program is
staffed with 1.5 Full Time Equivalent positions and 1 OPS
position handling approximately 76 Class 1 systems located at 58
different water and wastewater facilities, 15 Major Class V ASR
facilities, and approximately 12 smaller Class V RO concentrate
disposal systems located on Southwestern Florida barrier islands
and within the Florida Keys. The Class V wastewater disposal
systems within the Florida Keys number approximately 250 with
each facility typically having a minimum of 2 wells in operation
at each facility. The Class V stormwater drainage well program
within the Florida Keys provides well permitting for
approximately 1250 systems and is expanding to include large
municipal stormwater utility drainage systems on a large scale
The South District UIC program
provides technical support on an as-needed basis to the Oil and
Gas Section with respect to well construction and geophysical
logging results. The UIC program area is also responsible for
the permitting and inspection of the district's 219 wastewater
facilities with groundwater monitoring well plans and provides
backup technical support to the solid waste section with respect
to operation of landfill leachate injection systems.
Professional Geologist II:
David Rhodes, PG
(239) 344-5687
Resource Program Highlights
Water Home
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UIC and Ground Water
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- Books → History
- Books → Design → Architecture
- Books → World Art → Western art
St Petersburg Architecture of the Tsars
written by Alexander Orloff, Dimitri Shvidkovsky
Abbeville Press | ISBN 9780789202178
Hardback – 360 pages
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Before becoming a city, St. Petersburg was a utopian vision in the mind of its founder, Peter the Great. Conceived by him as Russia's "window to the West," it evolved into a remarkably harmonious assemblage of baroque, rococo, neoclassical, and art nouveau buildings that reflect his taste and that of his successors, including Anna I, Elizabeth I, Catherine the Great, and Paul I.
Crisscrossed by rivers and canals, this "Venice of the North," as Goethe dubbed it, is of unique beauty. Never before has that beauty been captured as eloquently as on the pages of this sumptuous volume. From the stately mansions lining the fabled Nevsky Prospekt to the magnificent palaces of the tsars on the outskirts of the city, including Peterhof, Tsarskoe Selo, Oranienbaum, Gatchina, and Pavlovsk, photographer Alexander Orloff's portrait of St. Petersburg does full justice to the vision of its founder and namesake. The text, by art historian Dmitri Shvidkovsky, chronicles the history of the city's planning and construction from Peter the Great's time to the reign of the last tsar, Nicholas II. Anyone who has ever visited--or dreamed of visiting--the city of "white nights" will find St. Petersburg irresistible.


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BSD WZA V3 2013 BMX Frame aka Mike 'Jersey' Taylor Signature brakeless Street frame from BSD. Constructed from Butted 4130 tubing and features an internally relieved headtube, External gussets up front, Tapered seat…
BSD WZA V3 2013 BMX Frame aka Mike 'Jersey' Taylor Signature brakeless Street frame from BSD. Constructed from Butted 4130 tubing and features an internally relieved headtube, External gussets up front, Tapered seat and chain stays, tiny dropouts which are designed to fit perfectly with hub guard and pegs and massive rear tyre clearance. A New 20.85" size and new transparent colourways for 2013.
- Material:
Butted 4130 tubing
- Top Tube:
Butted 4130 tubing
- Angles:
Seat Tube Angle 71 degrees, Head Tube Angle 75 degrees
11.5 Inches height, Mid BB Type
- Headtube:
Butted 4130 tubing
- Rear End Length:
13.3 Inches
- Dropouts:
- Weight:
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Arizona Economic Outlook
- The U.S. NAVY AWARDED GENERAL DYNAMICS C4 SYSTEMS A CONTRACT UP TO $83 MILLION for the development, qualification, production and support of Common Enterprise Display System (CEDS) display consoles. The CEDS consists of a series of display configurations based on standardized interchangeable components.
- THE STEEL FOR THE SECOND BUILDING AT SKYSONG IS IN PLACE. TicketMaster's data mining and web ticketing activities will occupy at least one floor of the second building. The first building will be occupied by 16 international companies, a variety of technology-based domestic companies, and technology-related non-academic functions of Arizona State University. Construction of the second building triggers the construction of the planned parking structure at Skysong.
- SCOTTSDALE'S WILDCHARGE had its wildcharger charging pad selected as one of TIME magazine's Best Inventions of the Year. The chargers allows the user to charge and power a mobile device wirelessly. Wildcharge's goal is to enable as many leading mobile devices as possible to receive wire-free power from the WildCharger.
- APTHERA, A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY BASED IN SCOTTSDALE, recently announced the completion of Phase II testing of the company's breast cancer therapy, NeuVax. NeuVax is aimed at preventing disease recurrence and prolonging survival in cancer patients that have tumors. Based on a meeting with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Apthera will submit a finalized clinical protocol to the FDA and expects to start a Phase II/III trial in the first half of 2008.
- SCOTTSDALE-BASED BAYWOOD INTERNATIONAL'S WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY, Nutritional Specialties, is expanding their presence in the Turkish market with their LifeTime dietary and nutritional supplements. Vitamins and dietary supplements are becoming popular among urban Turkish consumers with increasing disposable incomes.
- The University of Michigan's American Customer Satisfaction Index showed while consumers are generally less satisfied with everyday products than they were earlier in the year, Scottsdale-based Dial Corp's customer satisfaction index rating rose by 4 percent. Other companies joining Dial on the list are Nike, Levi Strauss, Anheuser-Busch, Pepsi, Coca-Cola, and Heinz.
- The prestigious AAA Five Diamond awards were announced in early November. Included on the list were the following Scottsdale tourism market area properties: Fairmont Scottsdale Princess, Four Seasons Resort Scottsdale at Troon North, The Boulders Resort and Golden Door Spa, Camelback Inn, Canyon Suites at the Phoenician, The Phoenician.
The seasonally-adjusted Arizona Business Conditions Index fell to 48.2 in October from 55.3 in September, a 12.8 % decrease. An Index reading of over 50 indicates that the local economy is growing, while a reading below 50 suggests a slowdown in the overall level of economic activity in the near term. The Arizona Business Conditions Index has fallen for four consecutive months, from 65.1 in July to 48.2 in October.
"This is likely a ripple from the real estate problems currently plaguing the state," according to Dawn McLaren, research economist at the W. P. Carey School of Business.
"While the decline in the Arizona Business Conditions Index is a concern, it should also be noted that the overall index has shown some volatility over the last year as various sectors have had to deal with both minor and major economic shocks. The index must also be read in the context of the national economy, which has been weakening."


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Does this cut remind you of something? When you check your Sunday newspaper's inserts and you see a good deal, what do you do? You rip it off or you cut it out ...right? Well I tried to make it look like that, like a newspaper insert cut out! Why? Because Pizza Hut is offering this October very good deals. If you still haven't found out on their page what are the pizza deals, dealigg.com can help you choose from the unexpired deals. For example:
2 Liter Soda and Breadsticks for only $5, Any Pizza, Any size, any topping for only $10 and if you sign up for Hut Lovers email program you'll get a coupon for a FREE treat but only if you sign up until Nov 1, 2011!
Pizza Hut has a rewards point system and if you order online you have the chance to earn double points and that entitles you to a free pizza!!! And another deal is the $11 Large Works or Tuscan Six Cheese Pizza! So isn't that a great price for a tasty and big pizza? If pizza is not enough you can order p'zones, pasta and of course wings, now with 8 intense flavors!
Tags: Dealitem.com. restaurants, cheap, eating, coupon deal, flavors, Dealigg.com, food coupons, Dealitem.com. restaurants, free treat, eating, Pizza Hut, flavors, food coupons, free treat, Pizza Hut
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If you are tired of visiting all the deal and coupon sites when you want to buy something, Dealitem.com helps people searching for latest deals and coupons. Dealitem.com brings better result if you search on model no or make and features. Some of the examples are XBox 360 kinect, iPad 2, iPhone 4, Kindle, Nook, Jewelry, Clothing, Toys, Makeup, Garmin GPS MP3, Dell Notebook, Sony VAIO, IPOD Nano, Canon 8mp, Best Buy Coupon, Circuitcity Coupon, etc.


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Yesterday at the age of 86 we lost a pure treasure!
Maya Angelou was many things to many people,She possessed the unequaled ability to let people know that they were indeed a child of GOD!
She left us with so many of her gifts that will live on thru eternity.
This is but one of my favorite poems....
I've learned that no matter what happens, or how bad it seems today,
life does go on, and it will be better tomorrow.
I've learned that you can tell a lot about a person by the way he/she handles these three things:
a rainy day, lost luggage, and tangled Christmas tree lights.
I've learned that regardless of your relationship with your parents,
you'll miss them when they're gone from your life.
I've learned that making a 'living' is not the same thing as 'making a life'.
I've learned that life sometimes gives you a second chance.
I've learned that you shouldn't go through life with a catcher's mitt on both hands;
you need to be able to throw some things back.
I've learned that whenever I decide something with an open heart,
I usually make the right decision.
I've learned that even when I have pains,
I don't have to be one.
I've learned that every day you should reach out and touch someone.
People love a warm hug, or just a f riendly pat on the back.
I've learned that I still have a lot to learn.
I've learned that people will forget what you said,
people will forget what you did,
but people will never forget how you made them feel.
-- Maya Angelou


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C++ and GUI
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Member Since: Feb 24, 2010
Location: Australia
Posts: 318
Mac Specs: 15" MBP i5 4GB DDR3, 500GB HDD 7200 + iPhone 4 32GB iOS4.1
Originally Posted by
Start with the basics first, especially from your question #2, it looks like you're new to programming in general.
It is common practice to use the .h (header) file to define structures, classes and function prototypes that you implemented in .c/.cpp (source) files. The source files will include your local header file along with others to accomplish it's task..
Before you try to run towards a GUI program, first spend some time learning a programming language. In Mac, programs are usually written in Objective-C, but C++ is also good for games.
To answer your last question, most professional game development houses use a game engine that they bought or have developed on their own. Think Unreal engine from ID, the Crysis engine from CryTek, and so on..
Ahhh ok. So it's probably best just to start from scratch and learn the basics of C++ first. I'm Reading C++ for Dummies which is good for beginners. Then I'll move into GUI. I've talked to some old work mares who are programmers (games) and they all write in C++. But I'd be very interested into developing some iPhone apps. Ofcourse this is in objective-c but my work mates have said "I don't have any experience with Objective-C but from what I understand
it's only a proprietary set of poorly thought out additions to C." so it's probably best for me to learn C++ first. I have found a SDK called DragonFireSDK Whig let's you use C++ but it translates to objective-c so it can run in iPhone os. It also comes with a tester to you can run the app from your pc.
Yeah I know about game engines. I used to work for a games development company - Rocksteady Studios in London. They recently released Batman Atkham Asylum and it was using Unreal3 from epic games.
Thanks for your advice! So the beat bet is to just start from scratch and learn all the basics then start GUI when I come to it.
Thanks again man,
Tigers love pepper... they hate cinnamon
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The mod itself looks good. I don't know anything about Project M other than it exists, so I can't help you there.
If you are having problems with normal USB loading, you might want to check out our FAT32 or NTFS guides to see if there is anything you can do there to get things back on track.


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Dear Parents,
We made it through the blazing first week of school. I walked around and asked students to rate the first few days and most ranked it between 9 to 10+. The 9's knocked off one point because it is so hard to say goodbye to summer fun.
I want to thank the PTO Public Liaison Team, Jessica Boscovich, Francina Lopez, Liz Bruny and Renee Sullivan for the fabulous welcome they planned and executed for every new family. They paired up mentor families, hosted a gelato social (thank you Bulgarini family for the delicious donation) and left no detail out on Orientation Day.
The family envelope will soon become extinct as we add more social media links for you to access up-to-the-minute news and information about all that happens at St. Rita School. I want to thank our communications team, Cher Culver, Lisa Gonzalez, Jen Higdon and Jenny Shephard for setting up Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and coming up with a social media plan that is current and very professional. Thank you Mr. Ralph Seymour for our new web site and for orchestrating and managing teacher pages, posts, widgets, tags, stickies… We love the new look.
On Monday, students will begin ITBS/CogAT testing. We start with practice tests in all grades so that the students are able to see the format, ask questions and hear the directions read out loud. The practice tests relieve a lot of anxiety for most kids.
Key Points for the Coming Week
- Back to School Nights Monday and Tuesday
- School Masses begin Tuesday, dress uniforms, parents welcome and choir members arrive at 7:30 am (new members welcome!)
- L.E.A.P.S Classes begin Monday, September 9th
- Please support our Magazine Drive
- Visit Chiquita Bonita all this month- we receive 30% of all St. Rita customer sales
- Harvest Festival T-Shirts with uniform bottoms every Wednesday and Friday until October 18th.
- Harvest Festival Flyers will go home in the family envelope
- Label all backpacks, lunch bags, water bottles, clothing etc. – we already have a pile of unmarked and unclaimed items
Monsignor Richard has a table of 10 for anyone interested in attending the Annual Prayer Breakfast at the Cathedral on Tuesday, September 17th. The bus leaves the front of church at 5:45 am and returns by noon. Call the rectory for your free ticket and details. 355-1292 extension 223


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Monthly Archive for June, 2007
Bradley, Donovan and Bocanegra on Gold Cup (w/audio)
The U.S. men's national team plays Canada in the semis of the Gold Cup in Chicago on Thursday. Here's a little preview chatter, courtesy U.S. Soccer: [Read More]
Owlmaha: Cue Queen … (w/audio, video)
And we don't mean We Are the Champions. This little tune is more apropos. What the heck was that? The hit batsmen, the errors, the baserunning blunders – none of those things reflected a team poised and ready to seize the moment. The Owls got out-toughed by North Carolina starter Robert Woodard (6.2 IP, 5 […] [Read More]
Owls lose 6-1, play again Thursday (w/video)
It's over in Omaha. For today, anyway. The Owls came up empty against North Carolina at Rosenblatt Stadium, falling 6-1 to set up a winner-take-all rematch with the Tar Heels on Thursday at 6 p.m. Thursday's winner moves on to the championship series. The loser goes home. [Read More]
Owlmaha: UNC, Part II
Nothing out of the ordinary regarding the Owls' lineup. WG's card is as follows: Friday Gayhart Henley Savery Luna Lehmann Seastrunk Buenger Dodson Berry will get the start. We wouldn't mind seeing Johnny Bench between "Go, Diego, Go" and Buenger just to break up the lefty bats, but that's just us. An interesting note: The […] [Read More]
Louisiana honoring Kim Perrot
Maybe many of you never cared, but I tell you summers were more fun when the Comets mattered. Whatever you thought of women's basketball, the best in the world was being played by the local squad. Well, that was then and this is now. Winless? 0-10? You don't have to be a fan of the […] [Read More]
An open letter to Ken Shamrock: Enjoy retirement
Dear Mr. Shamrock: Say it isn't so, Ken. A comeback? Come on! Help me with this … did I miss the clamoring on the Internet to bring you back to the Ultimate Fighting Championship? Did the "Reinstate Ken Shamrock" petition pass me by? Did you see your last two fights in the UFC? This just […] [Read More]
Basketball's over?
Sorry I haven't updated the blog in a while, but I've been lamenting the end of basketball season. And the death of basketball as we know it. The NBA Finals were absolutely brutal to watch. Yes, I can appreciate the skill and determination of the Spurs, but man was that some nasty basketball. Watching a […] [Read More]
Q&A with Sam Houston State baseball signee Tim Schneider
At the moment, I'm sitting in the press box at Reckling Park. I'm watching the second game of the Houston Area Baseball Coaches Association All-Star Classic between the Northwest 5A All-Stars and the Southeast 5A All-Stars. In the previous game, the Southwest 5A All-Stars defeated the Northeast 5A All-Stars 4-3. After the game, I caught […] [Read More]
Owlmaha: Movin'; Berry vs. Woodard
If you are like us, you wondered why the Owls switched hotels Tuesday morning. Well, the ongoing renovations at the Doubletree Suites precipitated the move. The renovations were supposed to be completed before the CWS began, but because they weren't, the Owls and their traveling party were forced to deal with paint fumes, plumbing issues, […] [Read More]
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2 Shouts - 418 Scrobbles
Ven is a multi-instrumentalist singer-songwriter from the United Kingdom. He was the frontman for UK rock band All One Surface who released the album 'Such Is The Way To The Stars' in 2005 on Human Recordings. He now lives in the USA and writes and performs as a solo artist.
Ven has recorded a new album in 2009 - 'The Fates Of Our Fathers'. Which he is giving away to family, friends and anyone who asks.
Read more about Ven Pedro on Last.fm.
User-contributed text is available under the Creative Commons By-SA License and may also be available under the GNU FDL.
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Date: 3 years ago
Runtime: 4:56
Views: 165,816
Creamed By An Aussie Cyclist
A hot chilled session with nice closeup shots. finished with a huge load squirting all over and in my ass.
cum, asian, interracial, anal, bareback, raw, breeding, smooth, creampie, internal, asianrawfuck
Categories: Interracial, Asian, Anal
Top Comments
All Comments
***** I'd Love To Cream Your Beautiful Hot Man-Hole
loved it and i am another aussie who is a surfer who loves asian ass and would love to service your ass also
Hot n Intense
damn hot cum shot
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WELCOME TO SINGAPORE! The chinese here are even more foreigner friendly! lol
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hot video
Mmmm tastey
Geiler Ficker und wunderschöner Stutenarsch, und ohne Gummi macht die Sache noch geiler
Where to start?
We'll start with the hot ass bottom with the fuck-me underwear and the VERY hot hole.
Then work our way to the hot dicked top who was in no rush, and really, clearly enjoyed plowing that hole in many different ways.
LOVED watching Mr. Top's asscheeks CLENCHING while fucking bottom boy doggie style. Nice muscular ass!
LOVED watching hottie bottom fuckhole pushing his smooth hole BACK onto the top's big cock.
And of course, we'd be remiss if we didn't mention the AWESOME cum shot all over the OUTSIDE of his hot hole... but then lined it up freestyle and drove it in deep, while still pumping spunk.
Thanks for sharing... we loved it!
beautiful hot ass. dik was hot too
So HOT that I instantly got a boner and pumped a load through my jock straps in my track pants!!!
fuckinh fuckable top....luv it
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luuuv to do that after a bike ride, very hot cyclist there
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WOW. Wish the Ozzie talked more. Other than that not a single complaint.
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Lucky fucker and fuckee!
Hey, I have those undies! Hot breeding shot at the end.
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i really love it. so cute. if you are in china guangzhou city,pls add my qq250605815, or email email@example.com, or skype name: askaformore
one damn hot ass and sizzling vid
What an awesome fuck ...and a beautiful balkl sack! Love it all!
So hard from watching that. Thanks!
oooooh my...


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WASHINGTON, DC - In a move that's expected to increase the use of solar hot water systems across New York, the state's Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) is expanding its Solar Hot Water Program statewide to include projects that displace hot water produced by heating oil, natural gas, propane and wood, as well as projects that displace electricity. After the announcement was made today, Rhone Resch, president and CEO of the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), which strongly supported the expansion, applauded Gov.
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SEIA is the solar energy industry's go-to source for the latest coverage on solar power, including U.S. and international policy, research and polls, business and financing trends, and more. Our staff strives to support the media covering solar energy issues and guide our members on effective media outreach with clear statements, background materials, news and multimedia resources.
SEIA is committed to informing policymakers, the media, and the American public about the benefits of solar energy for today's communities, our economy, and our country.
Learn more from our statements and industry news below.
SEIA Applauds Solar Commitment by Massachusetts Leaders
BOSTON, MA - In a major address at PV America, which annually brings together solar manufacturers, installers and service providers to discuss new technologies, innovations, research and policy that is driving the $13.5 billion a year U.S. photovoltaic (PV) industry, Massachusetts Secretary of Energy and Environmental Affairs Matthew A. Beaton drew cheers when he announced that Gov. Charlie Baker and his administration are supportive of efforts to expand the use of solar across the Commonwealth.
SEIA Welcomes Pennsylvania Governor's Solar Initiatives
WASHINGTON, DC - As part of his administration's 2015-2016 fiscal year budget, Gov. Tom Wolf is asking the state legislature to provide $50 million to relaunch the popular Pennsylvania Sunshine Solar Program. Rhone Resch, president and CEO of the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), said the program will help to create new jobs and expand the use of clean, affordable solar energy across the Keystone State.
Verengo Inc. Installs 15,000th Residential Installation, Wins Angie's List Award
Verengo Inc.has installed its 15,000th home solar system, and has received the Angie's List Super Service Award for the third straight year.
First National Solar Company Comes to NC
Cheaper, Reliable Renewable Energy Is Ready to Help States Meet EPA's New Carbon Rule Cost-Effectively
Renewable energy industries have done their part to cut costs and are already helping every state make progress to cut their carbon emissions. Even better, these industries can help states make even more significant reductions, in accordance with the proposed rule – saving consumers money and driving local economic development in the process.
SEIA: States Can Count on Solar to Help Meet New Regulations
WASHINGTON, DC – As part of President Obama's Climate Action Plan, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) today proposed new regulations under the Clean Air Act to reduce carbon emissions from existing power plants, the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the United States, by 30 percent by 2030. After that announcement was made, Rhone Resch, president and CEO of the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), released the following statement:
U.S. Residential Solar PV Installations Exceeded Commercial Installations for the First Time in Q1 2014
Driven by strong year-over-year growth in the utility and residential markets, the United States installed 1,330 megawatts of solar photovoltaics (PV) in the first quarter of 2014. According to GTM Research and the Solar Energy Industry Association's (SEIA) Q1 2014 U.S. Solar Market Insight Report, the U.S. installed 232 megawatts of residential PV, exceeding the non-residential (commercial) market's 225 megawatts for the first time in the history of the report.
Solar Energy Primed to Help U.S. Meet Future Energy Needs
The Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) today released a comprehensive report, "Cutting carbon emissions: The case for expanding solar energy in America." The report offers a detailed, point-by-by point case as to why states should take advantage of clean solar energy as part of their efforts to comply with Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act.
SEIA Applauds New Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Report
Rhone Resch, president and CEO of the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), released the following statement today after reviewing the Department of Energy's new report, "2014: The Year of Concentrating Solar Power," which profiles five utility-scale concentrating solar power (CSP) plants and calls 2014 a "significant milestone in the history of American solar energy."
Verengo Reaches 75-MW Residential Solar Milestone
SEIA member Verengo Inc., one of the nation's leading residential solar specialists, today announced it has reached the 75 MW (megawatt) milestone with its 13,000th residential rooftop installation. Verengo, honored last month by Inc. magazine on their 500|5000 List as one of the fastest-growing private companies in the U.S., also announced an expansion plan focusing on key strategic markets on the east and west coasts.
Enphase Energy Donates Micro-Inverters To School Solar Installations
Enphase Energy Inc. has partnered with the Brian D. Robertson Memorial Solar Schools Fund (BDR Fund) to install solar photovoltaic systems in at least 25 K-12 schools across the U.S.
The donations will contribute to the fund's goal of installing 20,000 solar PV systems to U.S. schools by the year 2020. Named after the late U.S. solar sector pioneer Brian Robertson, the BDR Fund is a project of The Solar Foundation.
SEIA Member Aquatherm Industries, Inc. Celebrates 25 Years of Solar Pool Heater Manufacturing
New Jersey-based solar pool heater manufacturer Aquatherm Industries, Inc. officially celebrated its 25th year in the solar thermal industry. Founded in 1989, the company has grown to be the largest manufacturer of swimming pool solar heaters in the U.S., thanks in large to a loyal dealer/distributor network that spans the globe.
SolarCity Is Opening a Baltimore County Operations Center
Solar energy company SolarCity Corp. is planning to add a Baltimore-area location by the end of the year. SolarCity (NASDAQ: SCTY) announced the area location as part of an effort to open 20 new operations centers in seven states. The wave includes one other planned Maryland location, in Clarksburg.
Canadian Solar, Sichuan Plan $810 Million Solar Fund
Canadian Solar Inc. (CSIQ), the third-best performing solar panel maker in the past year, and the investment arm of China's Sichuan province will create a 5 billion yuan ($810 million) fund to build solar projects. Sichuan Development Holding Co., Canadian Solar and third party investors will raise the funding, Guelph, Ontario-based Canadian Solar said today in a statement.