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MR. WHITMAN: Good morning and welcome. It's my pleasure to be able to introduce our briefer today, which is not -- known probably to all of you and doesn't need much of an introduction. But General Jones, James L. Jones, is the commander of U.S.-European Command and the NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe. He assumed those commands in January 2003, and of course, he previously served in this building as the 32nd commandant of the Marine Corps. He is kind enough to give us some time today to give you an update on NATO transformation, NATO operations, EUCOM theater security cooperation, and I'm sure some of the questions and issues that you might have for him too.
And without anything further, General Jones.
GEN. JONES: Thank you. I appreciate it.
Good morning. It's great to see all of you again, and thanks for taking the time to be here today. It's a great pleasure. I'd like to start out, if I may, by just making a few comments about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and then EUCOM, perhaps at the end.
I'd start out by saying that 2006 is perhaps the most important year in the history of the North Atlantic Organization since its -- with the possible exception being the day that it was established. But it certainly is a pivotal year for what NATO is going to become and has the potential to become in this next 15 or 20 years, I think.
It's important because there are number of extremely important milestones that are going to take place between now and November, at the end of the year, which will be the NATO summit attended by 26 heads of state in Riga, Latvia, which will be the culmination of this very important year.
As you know in the Prague summit of 2002, NATO embarked on transformation -- transformation and depth of its military capacity. Among the things that were decided in 2002 were to expand the nation by -- expand the alliance by seven nations, which was achieved in 2004.
It also agreed to establish the NATO Response Force.
It also agreed to transform the NATO command structure to disestablish Supreme Allied Command Atlantic, for example, and replace it with Allied Command Transformation.
It also agreed to the -- what we call the Prague Capability Commitments, which is to list some of the major shortfalls that we had in the capabilities of the alliance and work on that over the next 10 years to try to bring things like strategic lift, for example, into the alliance.
And so with that, for the last three years or so, we've been working on implementing the guidance of the Prague summit, and I think we've been doing quite well, and I'll be talking about that a little bit.
But this year, a lot of those things that were scripted in 2002 are coming to fruition, and that's why 2006 is so important.
In 2006, NATO will expand its operation in Afghanistan to the southern sector and the eastern sector of the country, which means that by that the end of the year -- certainly by the time the Prague [Riga] summit rolls around -- that Afghanistan could be a NATO mission. As a matter of fact, I think Afghanistan will be a NATO mission by that time.
The next phase of course is to take over what we call Stage Three. Stage Three in Afghanistan is the southern area. It will be -- we are shooting to do this by July. It will be composed of troops from the United Kingdom, Canada, Holland, Australia and Romania and a very small amount from the United States, but eventually the United States will be the lead nation in what we call Stage Four of the mission.
So -- but this is a fundamental change in the way the alliance does business. It is arguably NATO's most ambitious operation, perhaps in its history, certainly a strategic distance that is very impressive.
And we'll have essentially 36 nations -- 26 from the alliance and another 10 that are non-members of the alliance, but working together to bring peace, stability, reconstruction to Afghanistan.
So that's an extremely important milestone.
The second one that's extremely important is the NATO Response Force. Born in the Prague Summit of 2002, it is to reach full operational capability by 1 October of this year. And in my job as the NATO commander, I'm the one who is responsible for declaring it fully operational capable or not. The reason this is important is because this is the first time in the alliance that we've had a -- roughly a 25,000-man force composed of soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines and special operations working under one single command. It is designed to be NATO's most responsive force. The lead nations are supposed to be on their way within five working days after receipt of mission. So you can see that that's a fairly ambitious timeline. And it's actually just completed its first major mission in support of Pakistan, where the NATO Response Force, in part, was deployed to provide relief to the victims of that very terrible earthquake, and just completed a four-month mission.
The very important aspect of the NATO Response Force is that it is a force that can be task-organized and tailored to meet the specifics of each mission, ranging from disaster relief and humanitarian operations all the way to the higher end of things -- forcible entry operations. So there's a range and a mission set that the NATO Response Force participants have to be certified and trained to certain standards. So it is the place in the alliance where transformation is really the most visible. It's also a place where we can experiment and try different things. One of the key experiments that are going on in the alliance right now is how do we pay for our operations and how do we fund these operations. So you'll hear things like "common funding" being discussed during the course of the year as the alliance searches for new ways to be flexible and to be adaptable to meet the new realities of the new NATO.
I think one of the things that -- one of my conclusions, after three years working in NATO, is that most of our citizens on both sides of the Atlantic fully understand what NATO was in the 20th century -- the common defense, the clearly linear disposition of forces in a static, defensive position; essentially a reactive alliance waiting for something to happen, fortunately that never did happen. But that was really both the position and the mentality of the alliance.
In the 21st century, I think it's very important that our citizens on both sides of the Atlantic understand that the new NATO is a completely different organization in terms of its capabilities and its disposition.
I might also say that transformation is about the physical end of things, certainly how you use your soldiers, your sailors, airmen, Marines and their equipment; but it's also a cultural transformation, a mind-set, if you will, a philosophical shift for the 21st century that says that the new NATO is going to be more proactive, more involved at greater strategic distances than it was in the past, and has the capacity and the will of the member nations to be involved, to look at new missions and new ways in which the alliance can be utilized. And this is vastly different than the reactive, static, defensive alliance that was successful during the Cold War.
Just by way of reminder, I might show you the slide about NATO in 1999 and what it looked like, and the membership that was envisaged after 1999, and then NATO today, which is an alliance of 26 countries, with 20 partner nations. So essentially you have 46 countries working together to achieve interoperable standards, a common view of the security requirements that are out there.
And I would say to you also that the alliance is a vibrant and alive organization, because there are many more countries that are waiting to join NATO. I know of no country that's waiting to leave NATO.
We just joined -- by way of interest, two Russian warships in the Mediterranean joined Operation Active Endeavor, which was a NATO Article V maritime counterterrorism mission, has been fully joined by the Russian navy this month, and are interoperable and part of the operation. So that's -- I don't know how many of you thought you'd ever see a day like that. I certainly didn't think that I would. But this is a sign of the times, of the expansion of NATO and the expansion of people in other countries who wish to have a formal relationship with NATO.
So at 26 today -- and who knows what it'll be 10 years from now -- the next round of enlargement for NATO could come as early as 2008. This will be for heads of state to decide at Riga at the end of the year. But the idea of expansion is definitely one that is on people's minds, because there -- many countries have said, "We want to join NATO." And beyond that, I think there are other countries who simply want to have a formal relationship with NATO, countries like Australia, South Korea, Japan. Obviously Afghanistan has a relationship with us now, but perhaps a more formal relationship might come in the future.
So the new way of thinking of NATO is certainly different from what we thought about it in the past.
Let me just show you a picture of roughly -- very, very quickly -- how NATO's -- what kind of operations we're in today.
We're involved on three continents with roughly about 30,000 troops deployed.
Starting with the Baltics in the North, we -- when they joined the alliance in 2004, of course, we took on the responsibility of air policing in the Baltics, and we have regular rotations going there for -- to enforce that particular mission.
In Kosovo, under KFOR, we have about 16,000 NATO troops still on the ground in Kosovo during this very important time.
We have operation Active Endeavor that I just mentioned -- was joined by two Russian warships this month.
We have a small mission in Darfur in support of the African Union. Essentially, this is a two-pronged mission: one is to airlift battalions into the Sudan, and the other is to assist the African Union military components with some capacity building, help them to understand how you do expeditionary operations, expeditionary logistics, command and control and things that will enable them to better train their forces and be more successful in their deployments.
NTM-I is NATO's contribution to Iraq. There at a camp called Ar Rustamiyah we train 1,000 young Iraqi soldiers to become officers. We also have a responsibility of training outside of Iraq, and our NATO countries are conducting capacity building-type training for the emerging Iraqi army.
And the third component of our mission is to try to provide as much equipment to the new Iraqi army because they're using Eastern European-type of equipment, and we recently delivered over 170 T-72 tanks from Hungary in working condition to the emerging Iraqi army.
So it's that kind of mission that NATO is involved in.
And I come back around to ISAF. Of course, in ISAF, we know that this is going to be a major expansion for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. At the end of the day, when ISAF takes over in Afghanistan, it will be roughly a 21,000-man force from 36 different nations.
And so that's to give you a little bit of a flavor of what's going on in the alliance with the operations and to underscore the fact that today's NATO is dramatically different from what it was in the past, and it's changing virtually before our eyes; and considering how it can be more useful in terms of providing common security at strategic distances for the alliance and for the -- it's a better way to take on the -- for a better way to take on the challenges that face us.
You will hear conversations in Europe now about energy security, the protection of critical infrastructures. You will see a lot of conferences about -- on those particular subjects as the alliance takes on the idea of how it can be more useful in terms of the mission sets that we take on.
So this is a -- an exciting time. It's a pivotal time. And we -- as we go down this year from the -- to the road to Riga, I think the -- at the end of the year, you will see a fairly dramatic restatement, if you will, a new identity for this grand old alliance that is certainly alive, certainly very vibrant and is trying to make itself as relevant as it possibly can in this new century.
So I think I'll stop there right now, and I'd be happy to answer any of your questions.
Q General, you said that ISAF is probably going to be NATO's most ambitious mission, and yet you see stories now that the Taliban are -- they're repeatedly described as resurgent. Are they in fact resurgent? And if it's true, this will become more than just a mop-up operation, and one wonders if parliaments in Europe will stand long for having their troops killed, even small numbers, at the hands of the Taliban. Are the Taliban insurgent? And if so, is it because the Afghan government is -- isn't providing the protection it should, or are the numbers growing or what?
GEN. JONES: Thank you.
My take on the situation in Afghanistan is that the Taliban and al Qaeda are not in a position to where they can restart an insurgency of any size and major scope. From my standpoint -- and I've been going to Afghanistan about once every six weeks now for almost two- and-a-half years -- from my standpoint, the way to understand the level of violence in Afghanistan is to not limit it to the rather simple discussion of the Taliban and al Qaeda. It's more complex than that. Afghanistan is on the way to recovery, but is also fighting some internal demons, and that is -- one is certainly the narcotics culture and the dependence of the economy on narcotics, which, from my standpoint, is probably the most serious problem facing the restructuring and the new path that Afghanistan would like to go on.
Secondly, there's a fair amount of corruption, and the rule of law has not taken place everywhere in the country that it -- we hope it will. And so there's a significant amount of just criminality in the country as well. It's a -- it can be a fairly violent place at times. But I would not discount the criminal element from simply their role in the social fabric, because it is there.
And then you have the remnants of al Qaeda and the Taliban, which are still there in pockets. But I don't think that it's accurate to portray every instance of violence as an indication that insurgency is coming back.
There is no question about the fact that statistically the numbers of the attacks have gone up, but we have to consider that in relation to the baseline, which was quite low. So when someone says there's a 20 percent increase in violence, and you only had 10 attacks, a 20 percent increase is statistically not very significant. But we're talking about those kinds of numbers. And so I think that we're going to see in the springtime -- I think you're going to see more testing, more attacks. I think it's fair to say that NATO, when it comes into the southern part, will be tested.
But I want to make a strong statement to say that the nations that are coming into what we call Stage 3, which is the southern part of Afghanistan, are coming in without any caveats or restrictions; that we will have thousands more troops on the ground than ever before in southern Afghanistan and more military capability than ever before.
And so I think -- and I think that if there is a test, that the outcome is going to be swift and decisive. And then I think that you'll see that the terrorists or whoever it is that's doing it will take their business elsewhere.
One of the reasons that this is happening is because the resurgent Afghan National Army is able to go more places than ever before. So the hiding places and the areas that were previously off- limits are now not off-limits. There are military forces going there, security forces going there, and that's causing another little bit in -- of uptick in violence.
But I'm confident about the future.
Q General, regarding Darfur, NATO has a small mission in there now. Can you tell us about what kind of planning is under way for possible expansion of NATO's mission in Darfur? And what might the possible U.S. role be in that extended mission?
GEN. JONES: Well, the nature of the mission now is of course is to do capacity building and to do -- and to help the second trooplift, and that's going on.
There is obviously a lot of discussion going on about the future, and I might say that NATO has received no request and no mission from the United Nations or from the African Union itself -- which is a precondition for NATO to do anything -- and so where we are, Jamie, right now is to simply -- in a waiting mode to see how NATO might be tasked and what it is it might be able to do in the future.
I know there's a lot of interest. There's discussion between nations. But it hasn't metastasized to the point that the alliance has said to the military component that I head, "Give us your military advice on how to do X, Y or Z," and that hasn't come down yet.
Q Well, are you doing contingency planning for some of the options that have been discussed at all?
GEN. JONES: Well, we always do -- any military headquarters always does pre-military planning -- you know, what more could we do if we're asked, and so on and so forth? And that goes on apace on any operation that we're involved in.
But I don't have -- I can't give you any better answer than I've just given you because I have no tasking to do anything at this point.
Q Just one more follow-up: given that NATO's going to have a major expansion in Afghanistan and you're still short of troops for the NATO Rapid Reaction Force that you're building, does NATO have the capability to do anything on a large scale in Darfur, given the other commitments that we saw on the map, that you could assess?
GEN. JONES: You know, I've discovered that NATO has as much capacity as it wants to. It's compromised of 26 wealthy nations whose GDP, if you add it all up together, is roughly pretty close to ours, and we have quite a few people in uniform in 26 different countries.
So when NATO decides to do something and it really wants to do something, it'll generally come together. But you have to go through that process of getting the political will to instruct the military component to give military advice.
Q In your opening statement, you said, I think, that -- you said that by November, Afghanistan would be a NATO mission. I'm wondering if you can explain what you meant by that, whether that indicates that NATO would take over for the United States as the lead on security --
GEN. JONES: Let me clarify that. You see the map off to the left there -- if you look at NATO's engagement -- it started in the North, and that was under -- with Germany as the lead nation, and then we expanded to the western area, with Italy and Spain as the two lead nations there.
And we're now about to expand in the southern area, the green area, will be the five nations that I mentioned to you earlier. And then at some point after that, in the orange sector, the amber section, Stage 4, in the east, was the -- is -- will be the U.S.-led sector of the country.
So whereas right now if I drew a line right down half the country, you would have -- today you have NATO in the north and the U.S.-led coalition in the south. And what's going to happen, when country -- when the nations decided to do this or everyone is agreed, the two missions will come together, with one important difference. The U.S.-led coalition that wants to continue the counterterrorist mission -- that is, the offensive -- more offensive military mission -- will do so, continue to do so, under a special arrangement under the U.S. Central Command, while the rest of the nations of ISAF will continue to do their, I would say, anti-terrorism defensive nation- building mission under ISAF.
But essentially, the officer that conducts the security mission writ large will have two hats, one working for General Abizaid, in the more offensive mission, and the other one working for me as the strategic commander in the rest of the mission. That's the only distinction. But for all intents and purposes it'll be a -- it'll be one headquarters. It will have a unity of effort and will just have that slight little difference about the military forces and how they're used.
Q In other words, like General Eikenberry today, if he were that person, he would be reporting to you?
GEN. JONES: No, actually, he would be reporting to John Abizaid, because he would be running the -- he would be directing the more offensive counterterrorist piece of the mission. And that's been agreed to by 26 countries. So this is not --
Q Someone else would be reporting to you, you mean, as the ISAF -- (off mike)?
GEN. JONES: Well, there would be a U.S. -- there will be a U.S. major general who will be in charge of security for Afghanistan, writ large. He will have two hats. On -- in his NATO hat, he would be working for the NATO commander, and he will be in charge of security writ large. In his CENTCOM hat, he will be working for General Abizaid, and he will be directing the more offensive operations, for instance, along the border or wherever you need to go after -- to continue the search for bin Laden and those things. So that's the only slight distinction, but it will be a much more cohesive effort, and we will essentially have one headquarters.
Q General, can you talk a little bit more about what you call the most serious problem, narcotics? How does NATO get its arms around the problem? And what -- how much are we talking for replacement crops, other economic aid, and how many years do you expect it to go on for?
GEN. JONES: Well, first of all, I think the important thing that I think that everybody understands with Afghanistan is the reality of the problem and the validity of the problem. As you know, the -- under the G-8 nations, the lead nation for the counternarcotics operation is the United Kingdom. But let me be very clear that that is not a British problem by themselves. It's going to take concerted action on the part of the international community to begin to tackle this problem.
NATO's role in it is not to be an active participant, for example, in destroying crops and eradication. NATO does have a responsibility to be supportive and helpful, but in the more passive areas -- in other words, the intelligence gathering, oversight, overwatch, security. It is in our interest that this problem -- in our collective interest that this problem be solved.
But it's going to be solved by military and -- it's going to be solved with the Afghan face on it, which is extremely important. President Karzai is going to be -- and his government will be the ones who will have the most visible input into this. But it will have to be supported by the family of nations. And it will include a broad- based approach, from eradication to crop substitution, and also, in my judgment, it will have to include a better understanding of how we restrict the export of these drugs, which are all headed for Europe. Ninety percent of the harvest in Afghanistan is bought on the streets of Europe and translated back into supporting terrorist activities in Europe.
So there's a real reason that we should all be concerned about this.
Q Did they come up with a dollar estimate on how much this is going to cost?
GEN. JONES: If they have, I don't know what it is, but it is a long-term proposition. This is not something that's going to be resolved overnight, but it absolutely -- we absolutely have to be successful at weaning this economy off of the narcotics trade.
Q General, wonder if you could -- can I get back to the other point is, how do you see the expansion of NATO in Afghanistan having an impact on the number of U.S. troops' contribution there? It's now, I think, 20 -- I don't know what the number is right now -- but I mean, when would it be reduced, do you think, as you see it?
GEN. JONES: The issue of troop adjustments is very much a national issue, and it's something that I, as a NATO commander, should leave to each nation to basically announce what it's going to be, whether it's in Kosovo or whether it's in Afghanistan. The end state of our expansion, including the United States, will be somewhere around 21,000, and we have about 9,000 NATO troops there now. So you can see an increase of about 11,000 or so -- 12,000, but that will include the United States in the roll-up of all of the stages.
So -- but I think those things are being decided virtually as we speak in capitals as to how they -- how nations are going to -- what their totals are going to be, and so I'd prefer to leave that up to each nation to tell you exactly.
Q Does that include the -- I mean, in other words --
GEN. JONES: The 21,000, roughly, end state will be NATO, but including the U.S.
Q Do you know roughly --
GEN. JONES: I don't have it off the top of my head.
Yes, sir?
Q General, how far short is NATO still of the 25,000 troops envisioned for the response force, you know, ahead of October 1? And are you now any more certain than you have been recently that you'll come up with a sufficient number of troops in time?
GEN. JONES: The NATO response force has gone through a number of milestones thus far and met each one, but this one is a little bit more at risk than I would like, to be perfectly honest and in generating the force required for what we call NRF-7, which is the 7th rotation of the NRF. These rotations are six months in duration. We generate the NRF forces for two years per -- for force generation conference, so we're looking for NRF-7, 8, 9 and 10 right now. NRF-7 is pivotal because this is the one that is going to be in existence when 1 October rolls around, and that's the date of full operational certification.
And we have not -- at this point, we have not generated the force in sufficient numbers for me to be comfortable with standing up here and saying we will be successful. I think we have to -- we have more work to do. We are working with each nation to make sure they understand that the -- NATO's most transformational military component has got to be resourced, and I'm hopeful that we'll get there. But it -- as of right now, if this were 1 October today, I would not be standing here saying that we're fully operational capable.
Q Just to briefly follow up -- how many troops do you have, and how --
GEN. JONES: I understand that -- I understand what you want me to say, but it's not only -- it's not only troops, but it's capacity, also.
So let me just leave it -- let me answer it this way -- we have generated about 75 percent of the requirement, so we're about 25 percent short.
Q General Jones, could you straighten us out a little bit more on numbers in Afghanistan? I don't want to leave here thinking that there's going to be some giant cut in U.S. forces. There's about 20,000 U.S. forces now in Afghanistan. Is that right?
GEN. JONES: I think so, yeah.
Q And about 10,000 NATO?
GEN. JONES: Mm-hmm.
Q And you're talking about going up to about 21,000 NATO?
Q What does that mean for U.S. forces? That you're going to be able to send half of them home and they'll make up the rest with NATO? And also, could you talk about what Stage Four involves for U.S. forces? When you -- in your opening statement, in sounded to be like a reduction of U.S. forces to give a breather, and then have a new influx in Stage Four.
GEN. JONES: The -- at the end of the day when NATO takes on the Stage Four -- actually, the -- I neglected to mentioned this, also -- a Capital Region focus, also, which is going to be secured by Italy, Turkey and France, those three countries. So there's an enormous amount of will in the alliance right now to do this, and I think that's something that I need to say.
We did go through a little delay with -- while the Dutch parliament decided what it wished to do, and subsequently, the Dutch parliament voted and spoke and really overwhelmingly endorsed the mission, so that was certainly a good thing.
And so at the end of the day, whenever Stage Four and the Capital Region come on -- come together -- which could be by the summit, we will have achieved our mission, the mission that was conceived back in February of 2004 with the same map. So it will have taken from 2004 to now to do all of this.
With regard to the final end state of what U.S. forces are, that'll be a U.S. decision. The U.S. can decide to do what it wants. We have a minimum military requirement that I'm satisfied and has been met by all nations, and whatever is over and above that is up to the nations. Of course, we will take whatever contributions we can get. But that's where we are. I think the U.S. will announce what its force disposition is within the overall context of the NATO mission.
Q Can you just address the 20,000 figure, though? Is that separate from the NATO figure? Like, the U.S. force will be whatever the U.S. force is, and then the NATO force will be what the NATO force is, but there's not going to playing off of the two?
GEN. JONES: I'm not sure I understand what you mean by "playing off," but essentially, the -- at the end of the day, the NATO force, which will include the U.S., in order to do this mission, should be around 21,000 troops total.
Q There are that many Americans are there now, roughly. So does that mean half of them are coming home?
GEN. JONES: That's a national decision. The nation could decide to leave more there to prosecute their -- the more aggressive mission that would be done outside of the NATO box. But for the NATO mission itself, it's roughly about 21,000.
Q Sir, given all of the demands on NATO's resources, what are the prospects for airlift and other sorts of common assets that NATO had talked about buying as part of its transformation process?
GEN. JONES: One of the characteristics of the Prague capabilities commitments is that it's expensive. And the alliance does not have any organic strategic airlift, for example, and we still don't. We didn't have it three years ago, we don't have it today. But there are things in the alliance to look at acquiring perhaps some strategic airlift to bring into the alliance, perhaps buying, perhaps leasing, working out the arrangement through common funding. You know, we have the example of the NATO AWACS fleet, which is commonly funded and paid for, and that works very well. The alliance is currently considering whether they wish to do that for strategic lift. And that would certainly be a welcome addition, from my standpoint, because that's a critical shortfall right now.
Q Is there any pressure on the alliance to support, say, the A-400, which is this new common European airlift, versus an American plane?
GEN. JONES: The A-400M is in fact the alliance's goal to achieve in about the year 2010, 2012 time frame. But that is, in my view, a tactical aircraft, not a strategic aircraft. And so there's a need for both. But the A-400M is definitely on the alliance's block to acquire. But over and above that, I believe that there's a need for a strategic airlifter.
Q Like a C-17?
GEN. JONES: Like a C-17 would be an excellent choice, or anything compatible.
Q Can I ask you a EUCOM question?
GEN. JONES: Sure.
Q Jamie mentioned Darfur. Can you give us a sense of EUCOM's involved -- the greater involvement in Western African now? General Wald's been down there a couple of times. Just give us some sense of how you've been expanding the EUCOM footprint down there.
GEN. JONES: Well, the European Command has in fact been proactively engaged with an increasing number of African nations through low-level but consistent interface of Special Operations missions, Marines. I think we drew a very good lesson from the Marine Corps on the Georgia train and equip, which was a highly successfully but relatively low budget type of investment.
One of the things that most of the nations in North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa have in common is a -- it's an enormous piece of real estate, and they don't always know what's going on inside their own territories. And so we have been working with them on a consistent basis to help build up their capacity and to provide them with some information and intelligence about some of the things we have the capacity to know and has resulted in some pretty good successes against the idea that this would be a -- this part of the world could become a recruiting ground for the future extremists.
We do have a fairly well-known terrorist organization called GSPC that has been an al Qaeda look-a-like and want-to-be organization for some time, and we've had some successes in getting some of these -- some of their leaders apprehended and behind bars in different countries. And we intend to continue to develop those relationships with our friends in Africa because we have a common purpose, and I would say that it's yielding good results in terms of building confidence and trust and that we feel that the forces assigned to the European Command are increasingly welcome in a partnership type --
Q (Inaudible) --
GEN. JONES: Pardon me?
Q (Inaudible) -- basing or staging basing there, arrangements -- agreements -- you're coming --
GEN. JONES: No. No, basing -- no long-term basing projects at all, but just a shared -- shared agreements, where we can use the facilities in various places while we're there, obviously, for establishing a footprint, force protection. But I want to emphasize that this is a, really, a collaborative engagement strategy that I think is very exciting for the future.
Q Sir, could I piggyback on that -- on Tony's question? Is there -- is NATO -- should NATO be more involved in Africa, or should it be a coordinated sort of effort between the NATO nations and Africa in addition to the EUCOM effort?
GEN. JONES: Well, I -- the fact of the matter is that NATO has always been more of an East-West organization. That's changing. There is a program in NATO called the Mediterranean Dialogue, and it is composed of seven nations, five of which are on the North African littoral; the other two are Jordan and Israel on the northern rim of the Mediterranean.
This partnership is bringing together for the first time, with -- in a military-to-military context, partnerships and dialogue with countries of the region with NATO, mostly centered, for the moment, around Operation Active Endeavor in the Mediterranean, a maritime operation. But who knows where it could lead? This is a -- but this is a very, very exciting development.
And it is yielding to -- it is yielding a NATO-to-North African relationship. I mentioned the operation in Darfur. That's another example of NATO in Africa.
And the third one would be that in July of this year we're going to have a LIVEX, live exercise, called Steadfast Jaguar, which is an NRF step towards FOC, to be conducted at the Cape Verde -- on the Cape Verde Islands, which is not on the continent but certainly part of the African community. And so there are three examples there of NATO's searchlight, if you will, turning itself in a southerly direction, which I think is not only exciting but also very important.
Q General, are you aware of efforts to negotiate the surrender of the Bosnian Serb military leader?
GEN. JONES: Yes --
Q Yes?
GEN. JONES: I'm aware of the ongoing effort, because I have something to do with that, yeah. (Laughter.)
Q But there had been reports that negotiations to gain his surrender are under way. Are you aware of that?
GEN. JONES: Oh, I'm quite certain that there are a lot of negotiations going on. I know Mrs. Del Ponte, the special prosecutor for the ICTY, is always in contact with governments of the Balkans to arrange for those kinds of things.
I might say that in the overall macro list of the 120 indicted war criminals, I think we're down to six left.
Q For his arrest specifically --
GEN. JONES: For his arrest specifically, I'm not aware personally of the details of any discussions. But I'm -- Mrs. Del Ponte and everyone else have been quite clear that the arrest of General Mladic and Mr. Karadzic are absolutely non-negotiable events that have to happen before we get on to more normalized relationships with certain governments.
Q General, you talk about this new NATO being more proactive.
Is there any preliminary talks about how to deal with Iran, as a NATO official had hinted at, according to some foreign journalists, over the weekend, that there might be some of these preliminary talks going on?
GEN. JONES: At the political level -- as you know, NATO's a political military alliance. I can assure you that on the military side there's no -- there's nothing that I'm doing right now that addresses that particular issue.
At the political end of things, the secretary-general has traveled to the Middle East and meets regularly with heads of state. And so NATO -- I would think it would be fair to say that NATO is -- pays attention to what's going on in the world, and in that part of the world in specific. So it's probably safe to say that they're pretty well up to speed on generally what's going on. But I know of nothing specific with regard to NATO and Iran that's on the table.
Q General, I just want to see if I understand you correctly. You said you don't see signs of a resurgent Taliban in al Qaeda, yet NATO is sending more troops than it ever has to Afghanistan. If you don't have a resurgent insurgency, why are you sending more troops to Afghanistan?
GEN. JONES: The mission of NATO in Afghanistan is to help the Karzai government reach out to the totality of the country. It's a country roughly the size of Texas; it's quite large. I would emphasize to you that the character of NATO's relationship or mission in Afghanistan is to help the -- help in the total reconstruction of Afghanistan, not just the security end of things. So this military mission, that is an important piece of the mission is a civilian mission to augment the numbers and the capacity of the provincial reconstruction teams, of which there will be about 23 when NATO takes over the entire mission. And it's the provincial reconstruction teams which make up for the -- hopefully, the temporary absence of the Karzai government's ability to reach out to the hinterlands to make the changes and bring about security, but also the economic reconstruction, the system of law and order, social justice, and the like.
And so let's be sure that we understand that NATO is not just going in there to fight, it's going in there to help the Afghans help themselves so that they can actually replace us -- replace the military, replace the PRTs -- and gradually extract ourselves. So it's a very broad mission.
Q As a quick follow-up, to what extent does the Karzai government control the country? About how much of it would you say it controls and how much of it is controlled by, say, warlords?
GEN. JONES: That's a very good question. Well, the warlords I would say have a role, but it's certainly not what it used to be. I think how you quantify that answer -- how I could quantify that answer is very hard to say because it's not a smooth wave that just kind of goes out and you can say, well, this is the limit.
It's more of a -- well, if you put it in the category of the Afghan National Army, for example, the Afghan National Army of all the pillars of reconstruction, which the international community defines as being social, police, disarmament, narcotics and the Afghan Army, the Afghan Army is way ahead of all of the others. So what we have to do is figure out the ways to empower and invest more in the other four pillars and make them catch up because that's what needs to be done.
So on the overall security quotient of the capabilities of the Afghan Army, they're doing a lot better than they ever have done in the past, but the police needs a lot of work, the social; the rule of law needs a lot of work. And we have to get those other pillars to catch up.
Q Can you ballpark it? Like, can you say Karzai controls half the country, less than half, more than half?
GEN. JONES: He controls -- I mean, they control the whole country. I mean, there is a government. There is a parliament. I mean, it is functioning, and there are governors. I mean, there is a fabric there. What we're trying to do now is -- the fabric and the mosaic is there -- is to empower it to be able to do the things that it needs to do in order to have it become a viable country and to be successful.
Q General, the problem with standing up the reaction force -- the response force is kind of symbolic of the problem with NATO funding as a whole. You know, the United States has been constantly asking the NATO nations, you know, to increase their defense budgets, and then they've gone the other way. Almost all of them have been reducing their funding. Are you facing an overall problem with resourcing from your --
GEN. JONES: One of the interesting realities of the alliance is that there is great political will to do more. Three years ago, when I left the Pentagon, the alliance was in the Balkans, and that was it. Now, we -- you've seen the map, and you know where we are. So there's great political will to do more, and I'm particularly pleased by the will that nations have shown to do more in Afghanistan, in particular, because that's a challenging mission.
But unfortunately, the other side of that coin is that we haven't seen the -- an equal political will to resource more, and that has to be corrected because there's a contradiction there. And that's why we're working in the alliance. The secretary-general is working on reforming the way we spend our money and we handle our money; reforming the way we fund our operations; and trying to get nations to understand that at some point this rubber band gets stretched to a breaking point. But it is well understood. It's being politically addressed, and we'll have to see where it goes. But it is an identifiable problem.
Q General, is there -- at this point, is a larger role for NATO in Iraq completely off the table?
GEN. JONES: I would say that there is no political discussion -- there is no political discussion going on in the alliance on significantly enlarging the role of NATO's contributions to Iraq at present. Things could change, but we're not significantly -- we're not considering any kind of enlargement at present.
Q General, getting back to that list you outlined earlier about the problems in Afghanistan of the drug trade, criminality and the Taliban, al Qaeda, does that mean that you consider the Taliban and al Qaeda to be the least significant of those three problems?
GEN. JONES: I wouldn't say that it's the least significant. But I think it's the one that's, from the standpoint of reporting, the most difficult to deal with, because it's the one that people immediately go to when violence happens. You tend to say, "Well, here's the Taliban coming back," or "Here is al Qaeda." It just seems to be almost a knee-jerk reaction. And my conviction is that it is an element that -- that they are elements of a wider span of problems within a society. And I listed what I thought the others were.
So I don't -- I wouldn't -- I just don't want to ascribe to them a role that is greater than what I think they are. I think they are remnants. I don't think we are heading towards a revitalized insurgency. And I think that the upticks in violence are in part attributable to the fact that we're actually going to more places and taking the engagement to the enemy.
Q Can you give us a sense of the enlargement -- (off mike)? I mean, I do you think it's definitely ongoing to happen, or is -- (off mike)?
GEN. JONES: I think that it will -- that at the 2006 summit it will -- nations will discuss whether they wish to enlarge further and that it might be done -- it might be something that might be considered in 2008. That's really what's on the agenda. How it comes out, I don't know. But there are a number of nations that would like to become NATO members, and we'll just have to wait and see.
Q So when will a decision be made, a final decision --
GEN. JONES: Well, they could -- the nations could say that they'll consider enlargement in 2008. They could say 2010. We have these summits every two years. But I think this will be something that will be discussed in Riga as to how they wish to proceed. I wouldn't want to speculate on what that is, other than to say that there are quite a few nations out there that regularly tell us how much they want to be part of NATO.
Yes, ma'am?
Q You called the narcotics problem in Afghanistan the most serious internal threat, and then you mentioned that NATO's role is the total reconstruction of the country. So how do you justify saying that NATO role -- NATO's role is in narcotics is going to be a passive one? I mean, wouldn't it be -- don't we need a larger, more aggressive role on the part of NATO to combat narcotics?
GEN. JONES: There is a -- as you know, in the militaries, there is a -- there's pretty strong views as whether that's the right role for a uniformed soldier to participate in. Even our own country -- we have some pretty strong feelings about that.
But it doesn't mean that within the overall context of the effort, which is going to have to go on and is going to have to be a visible expression of the Karzai government's will to tackle this issue -- but it will be supported by the international community. But it won't be just military. Matter of fact, it may not be military, but it would be drug enforcement agencies, it'll be a function of police, it'll be a function of the Afghans themselves and their own security forces, and that's the nature of it.
But what I was trying to say was that because of where these -- the poppy fields are and everything else, that NATO cannot just pretend like it's not going on. And there are some things that we can do to be -- and that are authorized by the alliance to do to be helpful without being the ones that are out actually executing the mission. This is tied to the court system, it's tied to the reconstruction of law and order, it's tied to the development of prison capacity in the country. I mean, all of these things have to be kind of nurtured, and the whole -- the G8 family of nations are the ones that are focusing on this under the leadership of the United Nations.
Q Quick question -- do you see the role of JTF-Horn of Africa changing at all, and expanding to allow some of those countries you talked about in West Africa and North Africa to perhaps -- those operations would fall under the -- an expanded role of the task force?
GEN. JONES: I think JTF-Horn of Africa has been a really powerful and successful mission that certainly exceeded anything that I thought that they'd be able to do when they were first formed.
As you know, the Horn of Africa falls under the U.S. Central Command, and I would say that a parallel mission in the U.S.-European Command is the Trans-Sahel Counterterrorism Initiative. And if you take both of those simultaneously, you actually address the entire sub-Saharan part of Africa, all the way from the west to the east.
But I think that what Horn of Africa-JTF has done has really been -- is worthy of some serious study to see how -- where else that kind of model might be useful.
What I learned from it was that instead of a national focus, it's a regional focus. And as a matter of fact, in the USEUCOM, we now think of our entire AOR, 91 countries, in terms of regions: five in Africa and three in Europe and Asia. And that regional understanding of how to tackle your responsibilities is extremely important and very useful. So the regional -- the line between U.S. Central Command and EUCOM is a very blurry one. And we work on a daily basis with JTF Horn of Africa and U.S. Central Command, as they do with us, to make sure that we have a unified approach to solving the problem of the regions.
Q On that subject, it seems that in the capacity-building in Africa you're starting from a very low level. Are you concerned that the terrorist groups may be in many cases more sophisticated than the armies and, therefore, have a good shot at establishing some presence on the continent?
GEN. JONES: I think that what we're doing here is extremely important because it's at the right time. If we can engage correctly here -- and I think that the engagement and the costs can be quite low -- then you are helping nations help themselves for the future. To turn a blind eye to it I think would guarantee that some years down the road we will be having to do something there to correct the problem. So I think engagement now is the right thing to do, and we should do it on a proactive -- in a proactive and consistent way, as opposed to the way we used to do it, which is to go to Africa -- I think I've -- I don't know how many Liberia missions I've seen in my 40-year career, but it seems like the Marines go to Liberia every six years and wonder why it still isn't fixed. Well, I think it's because we go there, we pour a lot of money into it, we stay there for two or three months, we leave, and come back three or four years later and have to do it again. So I think learning that lesson, that you have to be present, presence with a purpose, that purpose doesn't have to be expensive but it has to be tailored to fit the needs of the region. And I think that's what we're doing.
Yes, Pam?
Q Aren't you -- or are you limited -- do you feel constrained in what you can do, particularly in Africa? The American Servicemembers Protection Act prevents the U.S. military from engaging in a lot of military training and education of foreign militaries in places where they haven't signed a bilateral agreement with the United States to protect servicemembers from the International Criminal Court. A lot of countries in Africa haven't signed that bilateral agreement. So are there constraints on what you can do, and what would you like to see changed there?
GEN. JONES: I think there -- yes, there are constraints, and we live with those and we try to work through them. As an overall comment, I think that we should really do an in depth look at how we empower our forces to make sure that they can actually get out there and do the things they need to do. And so every now and then, some revision just to make sure that such and such a regulation or such and such a law that's been existence for a long time may in fact be no longer appropriate, we need to make sure that we can clean these up so that we can do the things we need to do in the way we need to do them.
And I think we're making some headway on that score, Pam.
Yes, sir? Last question.
Q Thank you. General, how long does NATO anticipate being in Afghanistan? And what are different projections?
GEN. JONES: I think NATO is certainly not getting into this with the idea that next year is -- or the year after. We have the lesson of the Balkans to go on, and so I think I would say that NATO is going down there with the idea that it's going to be there to do what it takes, that it feels that Afghanistan is well worth the effort, and that it was certainly impressed by the short-term progress that has been made in that country. And 26 nations for sure -- member nations -- have signed up to bring about change and to help in this worthy effort, and 10 more who are not NATO nations will join with us.
So this will be an effort to -- it's not a race, but I mean, the expectations of the people of Afghanistan are quite high, and from my standpoint, it's a question of building the governance of Afghanistan so that it can meet the people's expectations. And the delta between the two is where the instability is. So the quicker we can get the government out there and meet the people's expectations, which is extremely high -- I mean, I have to tell you that one of the most striking things about Afghanistan is the people and their collective will to live in freedom and to have a better life for themselves and their children, and that is something you can see almost anywhere you go in Afghanistan. And with that kind of will, I think the probability of success in Afghanistan is very high.
Thank you very much, ladies and gentlemen. It was good to be with you.


text:
Thomas Funchess
Position: T
Height: 6-5 Weight: 265 lbs.
Born: September 12, 1944 in Crystal Springs, MS
High School: Crystal Springs
College: Jackson St. (school history)
Drafted by the Boston Patriots in the 2nd round (32nd overall) of the 1968 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 21 (4564th overall since 1950)
Promote your website or business by sponsoring this page for $5 on Pro-Football-Reference.com. Your message will replace this ad.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
One of the finest features of Pass it to Bulis has nothing to do with Harrison or myself. We are proud to have one of the best comment sections on the internet, full of debate and discussion, lively personalities, and, from time to time, poetry. Like, literal poetry.
We don't always agree with our commenters, but we always appreciate their perspective. And every once in a while, there's a comment that is so perfect that we have to draw more attention to it. There are going to be a lot of post-mortems on the Canucks in the wake of getting swept by the Sharks, but none will be better than what Chris the Curmudgeon wrote in the comments of Game 4′s I Watched This Game:
And with that you can close the curtain on another disappointing finish. It was only two short years ago that we had a thrilling run to the Finals, with much the same core, and yet one wonders if the physical toll of that run has healed, or frankly whether it ever will.
Last season's team went out too soon, but gave us a glimmer of hope before ultimately succumbing in the first round. However, this year's first round exit had a more final feel to it. Losing to a hungrier, tougher and more disciplined team not widely thought to be better than you will do that. Certainly, some officiating could come into question, but there was no question as to who was the better team here.
One now has to look inward, and reflect about the veteran winger who can't seem to catch a break from the injury bug. About the center with Selke candidacies past but perhaps not future, and with injury woes to boot.
About a collection of forwards one year older and further into their primes, with few high draft picks coming up through the pipeline due to an extended run of success and trades designed to extend the life of the present group.
About players who had overachieved and outplayed their contracts but are now being paid to their value at the expense of cap flexibility. About battleworn defencemen contractually attached to the team by long term deals.
About goaltending which seemed more than adequate but in which an underwhelming playoffs may have called into question. About a coach whose Jack Adams credibility might be just about used up on the dressing room.
Yes, ladies and gentlemen, this isn't just the end of a season, but perhaps also of an era. It's going to be a long off-season for your 2011-12 Chicago Blackhawks.
Zing.Tags: Amazing Fan Comment, Chris the Curmudgeon
An aging first line that is soft and can't get it done in the playoffs. A team filled with questionable depth and no real prospects in the pipeline. A team that lacks leadership and heart in the playoffs. A coach that appears to have worn out his welcome and a GM that has made questionable moves and refuses to change the core. President's Trophies don't matter if you lose in the first round! Screw context, I'm frustrated and angry so I will make unfounded and emotional declarations. Blow it up! Ladies and Gentleman, the 2009 San Jose Sharks!
That ending did give me a good laugh! I could feel the sadness seeping into my soul until those last few words.
But when you think about it, you can't really make that a true comparison and dismiss the fan-hand-wringing because there's a big difference in their ages and players. The 2011-2012 Blackhawks had all-star Toews and magic hands Kane at 24 and 23 years old! I repeat, 24 and 23 years old. These guys are young adults. Their careers are just getting started. They will be stars for years and years to come, you can see their future.
Our leaders are two 33 year olds who have played 12 seasons with us. THEY'VE BEEN PLAYING IN THE NHL FOR HALF OF PATRICK KANE'S LIFE. Our core is made up of early 30′s players locked up and that causes some people to freak out.
Also people weren't too upset about the Blackhawks' 2011-2012 season because they WON the Stanley Cup quite recently, something we Canucks fans can't say.
Agreed completely. The Blackhawks also had to dismantle a good third of their team shortly after winning the cup, sending players like Byfuglien packing. So their 2011-2012 campaign was self-inflicted, a product of the salary cap and making their cor players a priority.
The Canucks on the other hand are essentially the same team as they were 2 years ago. They're going to have a tough time in the new division.
Just one of the many reasons that I read PITB- the insights and chuckles from the comments section when it works on this cantankerous server.
Certain posters I scroll over without reading, but CtC is one whose comments are the type that I wish I had the wit to write.
I remember Chris the Curmudgeon before he was a curmudgeon*
*I'm not too good at Internet hipster-ism.
I'm not much of an internet hipster (or any other kind) but I can claim to have commented on THE POST which made Chris officially a Curmudgeon. As I recall, I said words to the effect of "At least you get a cool nickname out of this."
And yes: CtC — and a few others on this site — get more of my attention than the vast majority of commenters, or even primary bloggers.
Looking forward to MGGM's BS.
Let me guess, officiating will be discussed – 'We've sent the league our disapproval with video evidence…blah….blah….blah.
Then, he will go on to say nothing. "We need to assess this team, players, coaches, ourselves."
His press conference, like his tenure as GM, will be a complete waste of time.
Yeah, yeah, whatever to your whatever…Nick.
Well, was I correct in my analysis all year?
In fact, where was I flawed?
How much was I slagged?
Window closed?
Blow it up (and should have after LA loss)?
All the homer fans? Harrison Mooney – "Give the Canucks the edge in goal-tending." NIEMI is a Vezina candidate. I laughed when I read that one.
Time for payback.
Dear Ms. Marpole,
As you know very well, I don't mind disagreement. What I mind are arrogant mocks and impolite posts BECAUSE I have a different opinion.
Just like some of yours.
What a flakey comment you just posted.
Well, I guess if the shoe fits….
PS. Never played hockey, eh!
PSS. Never seem to comment on hockey either – just whine about stuff.
You know things can be said in a way as to not be trollish. Why do people insist on being rude to prove thier point?? I too am not an AV fan. I don't think he's a bad coach just not able to get the results from our team. I truly believe that this team was too defensive in nature for too long and thats where the scoring touch went. They sit back to often with the lead and lose because of it. They are a fast team that has to use that to its advantage. AV needs a larger slower team that can grind and punish its opponents in a defensive manner then take advantage of mistakes. I wish him and all the Canucks the best in the future no matter what happens this year, but I bet AV is gone probably Gillis too.
Here is hopeing for a bright future for the canucks and thier fans
How many Cups did the Canucks win when their window was open? Was it the 5 that the parade routes were planned for or the 24 the 'best team in Canada' deserves?
The Hawks prospect were there in the system, which is why guys like Saad and Shaw are contributing now to a balanced scoring. Who is that in the Canucks pipeline, Kassian? Who is the Logan Cotoure of the Canucks?
Kesler will never repeat his 40 goal seasons, the Sedins still dont have a powerforward to play with, Bieksa and Edler took three steps back and the Sedin's cycle is misfiring because players can get away with bullying them along the boards.
I don't think that comparison is very accurate at all, its actually quite absurd unless I got every comparison wrong.
First of all the Hawks lost the series 4-2 to a higher seeded Phoenix (3). Where the Canucks (3) got swept by a lower seeded Sharks (6).
"The veteran winger who can't seem to catch a break from the injury bug" I'm assuming this is referring to Booth for the Nucks and either Hossa or Sharp for the Hawks and I really don't think its fair to put Booth in the same category as those two.
"The center with Selke candidacies past but perhaps not future, and with injury woes to boot." Is this guy honestly trying to compare a 28 year old Ryan Kesler, who arguably has his best years behind him to a then 24 year old more offensive Jonathan Toews???
"A collection of forwards one year older and further into their primes" I find it a little hard to agree that Toews(25), Kane(24), Bolland(26), Saad(20) are all comparable to H/D Sedin (32), Burrows (32), Hansen (27).
"Battleworn defencemen contractually attached to the team by long term deals." Seabrook, Keith, Hjalmarsson, Leddy don't seem to worn-out and I'd be stoked to have them under long contracts.
"About goaltending which seemed more than adequate." I guess Emery and Luongo are comparable as they've both made it to the cup finals and lost but I think their contracts are a little different, and one may have a greater affect on the team.
Schneider and Crawford are similar but at least Crawford won 2 games in his first round exit.
"A coach whose Jack Adams credibility might be just about used up" Joel Quenneville didn't pull a hot Luongo to put in Schneider to let some weak shit in and then give him a second chance in an elimination game. Enough said.
The Canucks are a sloppy team that can't get the job done, they need to blow up the system and get some grit and character in that soft lineup.
Oh yeah that "thrilling run to the Finals" 2 years ago ended a little bit different for each team.
Very well done, I definitely didn't see that coming.
Of course, like many are saying, the situations just aren't that analogous. It should be pointed out, though, that after 2010 and during the 2010-11 season as they nearly missed the playoffs, many people indeed were proclaiming the demise of the Blackhawks (including PITB's former contributor Qris, to a certain extent). But it was as silly then as it sounds now…
Lady Luck really screwed the Canucks (in a bad way) in 2011 and 2012 by drawing the toughest possible opponent despite finishing first overall.


text: Prev | Next Purchase this photo Candice Mullins/For The Herald-Dispatch Violet Hill performs at RecFest on Saturday, Aug. 24 at the Marshall University Rec Center. Gallery: Marshall University Rec Fest Aug. 27, 2013 @ 11:19 AM The Herald-Dispatch / 2015 Marshall University celebrated the start of a new academic year with many Week of Welcome activities recently including Rec Fest. ()


text:
This traditional chant sung by Still Waters on EWTN has become an increasingly popular devotional album (over 50,000 copies sold) for people who want to pray the sung Chaplet on a regular basis.
|Alicia (milwaukee, WI, January 30, 2010)
|I would have preffered the original that is on the spanish catholic channell EWTN. Where the lady is singing. Cons: Boring


text:
1. violate - verb
· fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns; "This sentence violates the rules of syntax"
Synonym(s): go_against, break
Antonym(s): conform_to
2. violate - verb
· act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises; "offend all laws of humanity"; "violate the basic laws or human civilization"; "break a law"; "break a promise"
Synonym(s): transgress, offend, infract, go_against, breach, break
Hypernym(s): disrespect
3. violate - verb
· destroy; "Don't violate my garden"; "violate my privacy"
4. violate - verb
· violate the sacred character of a place or language; "desecrate a cemetery"; "violate the sanctity of the church"; "profane the name of God"
Synonym(s): desecrate, profane, outrage
Hypernym(s): assail, assault, set_on, attack
5. violate - verb
· force (someone) to have sex against their will; "The woman was raped on her way home at night"
Synonym(s): rape, ravish, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage
Hypernym(s): assail, assault, set_on, attack
6. violate - verb
· destroy and strip of its possession; "The soldiers raped the beautiful country"
Synonym(s): rape, spoil, despoil, plunder
7. violated - adjective
· treated irreverently or sacrilegiously
Synonym(s): profaned
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text: University of Bath PhD student Joe Kinrade has spent six weeks in the Antarctic on an epic research trip to the South Pole with the British Antarctic Survey.His research aims to improve the way the Global Positioning System (GPS) works by producing detailed data highlighting possible disruptions to radio waves high in an area of the earth's atmosphere called the ionosphere.Disturbances to the ionosphere caused by storms on the surface of the sun can disrupt GPS signals, causing problems for satellite communication equipment.Joe explained: "GPS is now an essential tool in modern society, and has countless global applications. We use GPS for everyday Sat-Navs in our cars, for migrational tracking of endangered species, and even in monitoring climate change through sea-level and ice thickness measurements made from space. The ionosphere poses real problems to the GPS, so it's important that we continue to study periods of atmospheric turbulence to help reduce its impact on GPS performance."Joe's research closely monitors atmospheric disturbances in the magnetically dense Polar Regions, where incoming energetic particles from space can play catalyst to a host of interesting phenomena. These include the spectacular auroras of the Northern and Southern Lights, and are particular to the Earth's high latitudes.The long term study of these Polar conditions has allowed him to collect data that will now be used to develop a greater understanding of the ionosphere aimed at improving the way we use GPS on earth.Joe and his team flew between a number of remote and isolated field sites, camping out for weeks at a time.The Eagle site, one of the many Antarctic bases Joe visited on his trip."Before we left the UK we went through intensive physical training; you have to be fit because the high altitude at the South Pole makes the air very thin and you can easily be exhausted just climbing a couple of steps," Joe said . "Jet lag is also a problem for field parties in the Antarctic as there are multiple time zones. Our team was travelling between various field camps on Antarctic Survey Time, to the South Pole which is on New Zealand Time, with a 13-hour difference!"Preparations also included advanced first aid training as although the team had radio contact with one doctor, the group would have had to handle any emergencies themselves.They also completed a week of snow training on arrival in the Antarctic, acclimatising to the bright conditions and -35 degree centigrade temperature.Joe added: "I couldn't really imagine how bright it was going to be until I got there – I wore goggles with an orange tint to take the glare off the snow whenever I was outside, and had factor 50 suncream on all the time. Even then my skin would feel as though it was burnt at the end of the day because ultra violet light is so strong in the Antarctic."There were a few scary moments on the trip, including a couple of bumpy airplane landings on the sea ice and a takeoff in which we had to dig the runway first, but overall it was an experience of a lifetime and I did really enjoy it. I was lucky enough to have some free time when I was dropped on an island where few people are allowed to go alone. I tentatively walked amongst an Elephant seal colony – they are absolutely enormous and really smell! I also saw killer whales, Adelie and Gentoo penguins, fur seals, Skua birds and a whole variety of other wildlife during the trip."Joe kept in touch with the project headquarters and his tutor at the University of Bath by satellite email and telephone.The PhD student has always had a passion for adventure, volunteering in Ghana as a teenager and kayaking in the open sea around his home on the Isle of Man. It therefore fits that his research should take him to exciting places."Very few people get to go to the Antarctic, and to be so early in my career and given the responsibility of being the project manager within an experienced team of people made the opportunity even more meaningful, " Joe said.


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Its the Independence Day here in the Philippines and now is the perfect time to release this voicebank. the first filipino utauloid to have an official Filipino Voicebank //shottodeath this is a CVVC type and it is capable of singing Filipino Songs. i know that the song doesnt fit on the occassion but still its an OPM~(Original Pinoy Music) Translyrics: Never Ever Tell Is there something you need to tell me? Why are you tense? You couldn't even look at me Hoping that you won't let this chance pass by And try to solve it The words that you said Refrain: Someone is right for me That I will truly love Chorus: Oh,oh,oh,oh,oh,oh..Never ever tell That you didn't felt The love that I am willing To give to you even for your freedom Whatever you may think That I maybe a star that is never humbled Though I may not show it My pain reached the skies All the things that you said (Repeat Refrain) (Repeat Chorus) Bridge: And in the evening, who will gently put you to sleep? And in the morning,who will be the wind to caress you? (Repeat Chorus 2x) Credits: Song: wag na wag mong sasabihin Original: Kitchie Nadal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gr6M8HDfQZ4 Vocals: Ryan Moriyama Exp Voice+ PH Adult UST: Me (ryan-kun) I dont own anything except ryan Moriyama and his VB, all credits goes to the respective owners
|Posted by jet_conz on June 11, 2012 at 10:37 PM
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A new study initiated by the Researchers at University of Rochester Medical Center has suggested that teaching self control skills like anger management to kids in school using mentoring programs extends a positive effect on their classroom behavior.
"This study suggests that with appropriate guidance from a trained adult, young children are capable of learning a great deal about their emotions and skills for handling their emotions effectively and those skills can have direct, positive benefits for their functioning in school", said Peter Wyman, Ph. D., lead author of the study and associate professor of Psychiatry at the Medical Center.
The study involved 226 students, possessing behavioral or social problems at school, from two different elementary schools.
In addition, the study claims that the children enrolled in a school-run mentoring program showed more capability to handle anger and other emotions compared to others, thereby facing fewer disciplinary referrals.
Apart from posing improvement in almost all the classroom behavior fields, the children were reported to have a 43 percent decrease in mean suspensions in comparison to the others who were not a part of the program.
Product Launch
- Samsung signs deal with Amazon.in to sell Galaxy K Zoom handset in India
- GE unveils smart LED light bulb – 'Link'
- Report: iPhone 6 likely to be launched one month earlier than expected
- Huawei officially unveils its new high-end Ascend P7 smartphone
- Samsung launches its 'Galaxy K zoom' camera specialized-smartphone


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Shooting in Newtown, Connecticut Elementary School
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Re: Shooting in Newtown, Connecticut Elementary School
[quote=BacteriumFendYoke;1086648] /i].
I find it hard to understand the American attitude towards firearms but I do know a bit about the US Constitution. Nowhere does it say that anybody has the right to own a gun. If they own a weapon, they are supposed to be members of a militia. I doubt that many people in the US that privately hold weapons are members of an organised militia, or have indeed actually studied the Constitutional Amendment. The Second Amendment is actually based on a British writ that says much the same, except with the caveat that any ownership of arms must adhere to other laws - no such caveat is applied in the US Constitution.
Actually it does....
"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."
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Firepistons seem so high tech that it's hard to believe they were not developed at MIT or Carnegie Melon under a top secret DARPA contract with unlimited funding. Since the firepiston is also given credit for Rudolf Diesel's invention of his Diesel engine it is quite surprising that the firepiston was not invented by Diesel himself or by one of his contemporaries or the likes of Ben Franklin and other European and American pyro based device inventors of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries.
What historians note is that the firepiston was most likely invented in conjunction with the invention of the blow gun by prehistoric South East Asians since firepistons are normally found in the possession of those who use blowguns. The need to dislodge the internal partitions at each connecting joint inside a length of bamboo by ramming a rod or piston through the membrane, and in the course of doing so, rapidly compressing the air thereby setting dust particles or the membrane alight, is the reasoning behind co-invention.
I was so amazed at the technology and the science behind it that after building my own firepiston to prove to myself that the science and technology was real I could not resist sharing the science, technology and construction of my first firepiston with you by creating this instructable.
Here then is a description of how to make your own working firepiston to see first hand for yourself that the science and technology do in fact work. I left lots of room for improvement in materials, workmanship and degree of completeness for possible use in the field, if going beyond a demonstration is what you want to do.
Step 1: So how does a firepiston work, anyway?
The principle of increasing temperature by method of compressing air is explained by the Adiabatic process in which the internal energy of a gas must increase when a mass of air is rapidly compressed (or the volume of space containing a mass of air is rapidly decreased). The resulting increase in internal energy results in a rise in the temperature of air sufficient to light an ember, just like the pressure produced by an ice skater's blade is sufficient to increase the internal energy of the ice, which turns ice under the blade into water.
You can envision the effect in a 2D graph (below) with pressure as the ordinate (vertical) and volume as the abscissa (horizontal) and the adiabat or curve of constant entropy as the inverse relation curve. (Black lines are the curves of constant entropy.)
Rapid compression by a factor of 25 to 1 produces sufficient internal energy to send the air temperature to 800 degrees Fahrenheit. This temperature is sufficient to ignite a piece of char cloth for use in kindling a fire.
After several tries and some fine tuning (better sealing with more lubricant) I was able to produce embers with char twine using the apparatus I constructed.
Step 2: Materials and tools
The piston is a rod that fits snugly inside the bore of the cylinder using a gasket or seal of some type to make it air tight. The bore and the piston must be perfectly straight and smooth to achieve and to maintain an air tight seal while it is being operated to produce an ember.
Natives might collect woods and cutting tools and keep at least one firepistons under construction in various stages of completion to be able to go from start to finish within minutes, hours or days.
To speed up some of the process required for construction requires use of a 1/4" by 6" brass nipple with an end cap filled with JB Weld and an aluminum or oak dowel to construct two test pistons. The pistons require a 1/4" OD O-Ring (or slightly larger diameter that can be filed down to fit) to act as an air tight seal. Natives would use fibers of some sort and perhaps anything from animal fat to earwax as a sealing lubricant. We can use lip balm or Petroleum Jelly.
I used a 1/4" power drill and a piece of dowel wrapped with an inch long sheet of tissue paper soaked with a solution of water and Bar Keeper's Friend (Oxalate acid) to polish the inside of the brass nipple to a mirror finish. (On the larger 3/8" nipple I'm working with now the inside of the nipple is much less smooth and straight requiring various grades of sandpaper to hone it smooth before polishing.)
I used a hack saw blade, a glass file and the threads on a bicycle wheel spoke to fashion the seat for the O-ring in both the aluminum and in the oak dowel. A 1mm bit was used to drill the hole in the char twine box. (Commercial units have a much deeper cylindrical hollow to hold more char cloth better.)
Originally I used a temporary piston stop made by using a pair of vice grips clamped around the piston shaft where the handle would be attached to the piston shaft to keep the char twine from striking the bottom of the bore. This worked but it appears that commercial makers of firepistons hollow out the end of the piston much deeper to provide greater room for more char cloth and allow the end of the piston around the hollow to serve as the piston stop, rather than using a shaft pin or the handle as the piston stop. BTW - commercial versions can run upwards of $50, but some come with all of the amenities such as char cloth and lubricant.
Step 3: Polishing the cylinder
I used a 1/4" power drill and a 1/4" oak dowel with an inch wide piece of damp tissue wrapped around it for polishing. I used various grades of sandpaper for honing first since the nipple was dented or had internal high or low areas resulting from the equipment used to keep the nipple from slipping while the threads were cut.
The tissue was dampened with a solution of water and Bar Keeper's Friend (oxalate acid), inserted into the nipple and spun by the drill. The nipple can become quite hot so wear rubber or leather gloves to prevent pain and give a better grip on the brass. Also, stop frequently to add water or more solution to help keep things cool. Adjusting the width and amount of tissue wrapped around the dowel will help to optimize the fit and lower the degree of friction. The more you polish the better, but 10 minutes or less should be enough if your last job of honing was with extra fine grit sandpaper.
Step 4: Putting on the end cap
The end cap is set down like a cup and filled halfway with "steel" and half way with "hardener." They are mixed with a matchstick or toothpick. Then the nipple is held upright and the bottom end threaded into the end cap and tightened. Once tightened the nipple and end cap are either hung by a string or stood up so the JB weld will set with a flat and horizontal surface on the inside to stop the piston and to eliminate all unintended air space.
The hard part comes next - waiting the full 16 hours for the JB Weld to set completely.
Step 5: Cut the hollow and the seat
For construction of this firepiston I just wanted to see if it the limits of the science and technology that might keep it from working. I tried several other configurations. You can experiment with all sorts of arrangements, including a double O-Ring configuration. Feel free to experiment and learn everything you can in case you ever really need to make one of these out in the field!
I cut the seat for the O-Ring next by placing the other end of the piston in a 1/4" power drill and using a hack saw blade, glass file and the threads of a bicycle wheel spoke as lathe chisels.
The O-Ring is and seat are next lubricated and the O-Ring is slid on and the O-Ring fitted to the inside diameter of the cylinder.
Step 6: Test the fit of the piston and O-Ring
If the piston can not be inserted then remove all lubricant from the shaft and O-Ring, slide the O_Ring up onto the shaft past the seat, put the piston back in the drill and spin the O-Ring on some sandpaper to reduce the outside diameter of the O-Ring a very small amount each time.
Re-lubricate and re-seat the O-Ring and try again. Repeat this process if necessary.
Step 7: Add handles
Step 8: Insert char cloth and test
( Here is an instructable for making char cloth in the field for use with a firepiston...)
A piece of char cloth is inserted in the recess of the piston head and the piston is inserted into the cylinder. A rapid motion is used to drive the piston forward with great force and then withdraw immediately (but with some slight delay).
When withdrawn a small ember should be found which must be nurtured if used to set a piece of tinder alight in order to build a fire.
Do a Google search on the keyword "firepiston" and you can find hundreds of sites on the internet that discuss how to use a firepiston and find videos that show the glowing ember and how it is used to light tender and start a fire. If you have an Adobe Flash Player or add-in you may also be able to view this.
Mine works but until I put on handles I'm not going to develop an operating technique. I have learned that a slight delay after plunging rather than a sort of very rapid bounce worked much better. Experiment.
and it's never failed me. It did, however, take me a long time to learn how to turn that ember into a roaring blaze. I've never had problems lighting a fire, but I was accustomed to using flint and steel, or ferrocerium rods.
Any suggestions on natural tinder for fire pistons though? all I've ever used is char-cloth.
You can start with a small piece of char cloth in your piston and use that to light a larger piece to give more time for the tinder or other fire-starter material (e.g. cotton ball saturated with Vaseline) to ignite. Then it's just the usual method of going from smaller combustibles (twigs, for instance) to larger ones to build up the fire.
I like it!
by all means continue to feed your mind better things then drugs and Challenge current technology make it bettermake new ! (lol my life in some old folks home may be much better by you doing it lol)
You just crank the engine over and then flick the decompression lever...causing the engine to rapidly compress air causing heat...
The first is to calculate the pressure change due to the compression ratio (or volume change)
p2 / p1 = (v1 / v2) (gamma)
Knowing that you can then use the second formula which relates pressure change to temperature change.
T2 / T1 = (p2 / p1) ( (gamma - 1) /gamma)
"Gamma" is just a number that depends on the gas. For air, at standard conditions, it is 1.4. (this is a simplification)
For the full workout go to http://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/compexp.html.
Now obviously this has some simplifications, but it should get you a good approximation. Plus their breakdown is for pistons in general which is good.
BTW Temperature is in Kelvin. Using the above equations and with the following:
Compression ratio of 25:1; initial temperature of 25c. The final temperature will be equal to 807c...pretty hot.
Just for one simplification that anyone with some algebra could understand involving why it gets so hot.
Use the formula PV=nRT
Where P = atmospheric pressure. V = volume of gas (air). n = atoms of gas in mols. R = gas costant .0821 and T = Temperature in kelvin.
Keeping in mind P, n, and R remain the same anyone can determine T with simple algebra.
You can use suggestion or not it's still a good guide.
I was just trying to ask how accurate 'my method' would be?
And you know. So, right, thanks.
Hydraulic ram


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KINGSPORT — Taylor Pinto made a 34 out of a possible 36 ACT score his sophomore year of high school.
He at first thought about letting that be his final try at the test.
After all, that was an improvement over his score of 26 his seventh-grade year on the college entrance exam.


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Photos and Review by Oyster.com Investigators
Upscale chain in downtown Austin geared toward business travelers
The Omni principally draws two types of travelers: business travelers, who you'll see scattered around the soaring, gleaming, atrium lobby, and well-heeled couples, who you'll often see congregating at the rooftop pool and bar. Despite the chain's kid-friendly features -- a kids' check-in backpack; loaner toys, books, and games; and milk and cookie delivery on the first night -- families are less common, perhaps due to the hotel's location near the rowdy Sixth Street entertainment district.
Though the hotel's location amid Austin's popular bars, restaurants, and nightclubs is convenient, it can also be noisy; some guests have complained of loud music from nearby clubs and of boisterous guests returning to the hotel after a night out.
In the heart of Downtown Austin, within walking distance of the Sixth Street entertainment district
The Omni sits on 8th Street in Downtown Austin, in the heart of the city's business sector and a short walk to popular attractions, including the famed Sixth Street entertainment district.
Comfortable and modern, with Texas-inspired touches
The Omni's rooms are warm and comfortable, with a blue, yellow and brown color scheme and Texas-inspired touches, like cowhide ottomans and leather studded chairs. The stylish executive suites feature walls plastered with themes that include Texas bluebonnets and windmills. The hotel also has luxury suites, which include Fitness Suites with treadmills and other workout equipment. But some rooms are dated and most overlook the glass-and-steel atrium rather than the outdoors, meaning views are somewhat obstructed and lack of privacy can be an issue.
A chic rooftop pool and a solid fitness center
The Omni's steel-and-glass lobby atrium also houses the restaurant and bar on the ground floor.
The Omni is an upscale chain geared toward business travelers, with a prime downtown location within walking distance of the Sixth Street entertainment district. The soaring atrium lobby is bright and gleaming, the warm rooms have Texas-inspired decor and flat-screen TVs, and the chic rooftop pool with excellent city views is a notable draw. But most rooms have windows facing the atrium rather than the outside, which means that views are obstructed and privacy can be an issue.
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Wednesday, December 11, 2013
Funeral services for Leroy "Bowser" McClary, Sr., conducted by the Rev. Willie Bryant, were held Saturday, November 23, 2013, at Union Missionary Baptist Church of Salters. Burial, directed by Henryhand Funeral Home, followed at Rocky Ford Cemetery of Salters. Mr. McClary died Saturday, November 16, 2013, at DeKalb Medical Center of Atlanta, Georgia. He was born October 13, 1949, in Salters, the son of the late Dazell McClary and Lease Bryant. He was educated in the public schools of Williamsburg County and graduated with the class of 1968 from Williamsburg Training School of Greeleyville. He completed courses at Williamsburg Technical College of Kingstree for auto mechanic. He retired from Milliken as a machine mechanic supervisor after 32 years of service. Upon retiring, he opened his own business, McClary's Tire and Lube. Leroy also dedicated 23 years of service to the Williamsburg County Volunteer Fire Department, where he was Captain of Station 8 (W8). He was also employed with Night Life Lounge in 1973 in various positions. In 1998, he became the Sunday Night Social Manager and held that position until 2008. He played with the Greeleyville Tucks and Kellyfield Baseball Teams, coaching the Salters Jets/Nightlife Softball Team, a member of the Friendship Motorcycle Club, co-founder of Unique Social Club and held the position of president until 2012, and member of the C.E. Murray Football Team Chain Crew. He was a member of Union Missionary Baptist Church, where he served as an Usher. He was Chairman of the Men's Day Program, and Vice President of the Usher Board. Five siblings, Emma Jane Worthy, Sellerstine Smith, Dazell McClary, Jr., Elice McClary, and Joseph McClary, preceded him in death. Survivors are: his wife, Virage McClary of the home; four children, Melissa McClary and Lionel McClary (Pamela), both of Kingstree; and Leroy McClary, Jr. (Latoya) and Kayaunna McBride, both of Florence; one sister, Mattie Wilson (Roosevelt) of Stone Mountain, Georgia; one special niece raised as his sister, Gracie Kimbrough of Brooklyn, New York; two brothers, Franklin McClary and Felix McClary (Brenda) both of Brooklyn, New York; four grandchildren, Destiny Laurie, David JaLease Laurie, TyAyjah Darby, and NyZeer Darby, who he raised as his own, four additional grandchildren; and his Goddaughter, Bette' Miller of Sacramento, California.
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Find hotels in Areu using the list and search tools below. Search for the cheapest discounted hotel and motel rates in or near Areu, Spain for your upcoming personal or group travel. Discover the most popular Areu hotel and motel rooms. Browse the Areu area hotels to find the perfect lodging! Please use the provided map of the Areu hotels.
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Posted at: 11/16/2012 9:08 PM
The Monroe County District Attorney's Office tells News10NBC a jury has found 41-year-old Donyell McKenzie guilty of second degree murder.
This is the second time he's been on trial in the death of 23 year old Tyffany Porter.
Prosecutors said McKenzie stabbed Porter 47 times in December 2006.
McKenzie was previously found guilty of second degree murder in 2007. Last June, the state Court of Appeals overturned that conviction saying that original jury should have been allowed to consider a lesser charge.
McKenzie will be sentenced in early December. He faces 25 years to life in State Prison.


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News Section: Schools and Education
Gagnon and Martin Suspended over Manatee High Investigation
BRADENTON – Manatee County School District Assistant Superintendent Bob Gagnon and staff attorney Scott Martin have been suspended with pay for their roles in the handling of the Rod Frazier case at Manatee High. Frazier, who resigned last week, was charged with multiple misdemeanors after a BPD and state attorney's office investigation into allegations of sexual misconduct with at least one MHS student.
Superintendent Rick Mills said that the suspensions resulted from an internal investigation of the case and that the two employees were notified Monday of their suspensions. Mills said that once the investigation has been completed, he would bring any potential disciplinary action before the school board.
Frazier, who was both a parent/teacher liaison and assistant football coach at the school, had been suspended in 2012 when suspicions of inappropriate relationships with students prompted the district to launch an internal investigation. However, he was reinstated just one day later and in time for the team's first playoff game of the season.
Later, a former Manatee student made accusations through a letter that Frazier had fondled her and requested that she give him nude photographs of herself. Florida state statutes require any school district employee to report any allegations of potential abuse to a state hotline maintained by the Department of Children and Families.
At the time, both DCF and local police confirmed that no one had reported the allegations. The Bradenton Police Department then conducted a thorough investigation, turning over evidence to the state attorney's office, reportedly with the recommendation of multiple arrests.
Because it was known that several district employees had seen the letter as part of an internal investigation, it was presumed that some staff members might be charged in accordance with the state's the Protection of Vulnerable Persons Act, passed in 2012, in response to the Jerry Sandusky scandal at Penn State University, which makes it a felony for such employees not to report knowledge of such accusations.
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text: Mario Chalmers out Tonight with Ankle Injury From @MiamiHEAT Mar 29, 2013 Share Tweet Next ARTICLE » Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories Mike Ehrmann/Getty Images 38 Reads 0 Comments Mario Chalmers (right ankle sprain) will not play in tonight's #HEATgame. He is listed as day-to-day. Continue Reading on @MiamiHEAT »