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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Maybe the best album ever
I love this album. I have the Mexican version, but the cd says: "Lo mejor del siglo XX" Although the CD design, the content it's beautiful, it's loaded with ballads and some R&B and Dance.
A funny R&B song
The best ballad ever written
The best song of the album it's...
Published on June 12 2004 by Carlos L.
2.0 out of 5 stars Overrated - Not a very good overall CD
If you look at each decade in music, there seems to be an artist that rises as the "Artist of the Decade". Although in some cases you can dispute it, you can make the argument that the following artists dominated their decade: Elvis Presley (1950s), The Beatles (1960s), The Bee Gees (1970s), and Michael Jackson (1980s). The 1990s was a more difficult decade to...
Published on July 13 2004 by L.A. Scene
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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Maybe the best album ever,
I love this album. I have the Mexican version, but the cd says: "Lo mejor del siglo XX" Although the CD design, the content it's beautiful, it's loaded with ballads and some R&B and Dance.
A funny R&B song
The best ballad ever written
The best song of the album it's a ballad with R&B & Gospel elements
I love it. It has a sadness feeling
One of the dance hits ever
Sweet & beautiful but boring
This song was number one here in Mexico!!!! I LOVE IT!!!
I like it
It has a Hip-Hop style, only needs some rap why not Run DMC?
Awesome but boring
This is the spanish version of "Hero", Mariah has a very clear Spanish
4.0 out of 5 stars Relaxing & Sleepy Album.,
Steph Feeney (The Shwa, Canada) - See all my reviews
"Music Box" is Mariah Carey's best selling album and often seen as Mariah Carey's 'masterpiece'. I feel a little differently, I think Mariah Carey's first masterpeice was "Butterfly" where she truly expressed who she was and came out into her own.
The thing with Mariah Carey's earlier work is that it seems very tame and marketable, and at times kind of forced. Of course everyone knows that Mariah Carey was under the thumb of Tommy Mattola at the time in the early nineties and unfortunately recorded a lot of songs she didn't necessarily want to record. Yes - Mariah Carey wrote her own music but from reading interviews and the turn in an R&B direction she took on in the later nineties with "Butterfly" and beyond, I honestly think that is the direction Mariah Carey wanted to be in the whole time.
That aside, 'Music Box' is a slow and more adult-contemporary album. The songs themselves set a mood.
The singles themselves are effective. "Dreamlover" is a breath of fresh air even all these years later and a Mariah classic, "Hero" - it's very schmalzy but even then I think it's pretty effective and Mariah brings so much passion and emotion to the vocals. I love "Everytime You Need A Friend", what a beautiful and moving song. "Without You" is a cover song that was originally by Badfinger and I think Mariah's version is nice.
The title track, 'Music Box' is cute.
The album tries to have a bit of a fun side with songs like "Now That I Know" and "I've Been Thinkin' About You" but they don't fit in in my opinion.
It kind of seems like they were just put there to give the album a bit of a fun side because the majority of the album is very mellow. Not a bad idea, but these songs aren't that great. Perhaps if they were mixed differently or just not included at all, it's be better.
As for the remainder of the tracks - "Never Forget You", "Just To Hold You Once Again", and "All I've Ever Wanted" are nice ballads.
To conclude, 'Music Box' is a nice album. The ballads are beautiful but because of how mellow it is, they shouldn't have included those upbeat dance songs, it really ruins the overall relaxing mood of the album.
In retrospect this album is a landmark and important part of Mariah Carey's discography because of it's cultural impact and significance but in my opinion, it is not her best work in the scope of her career
5.0 out of 5 stars This CD is my Biggest 'Hero',
By A Customer
'Music Box' is Mariah's bestselling TO THIS DAY which is quite amazing considering on my media player the songs come up 'Ballads' in the category section. A BIG FAT LIE! "Dreamlover", one of the CD's biggest singles as well as "Now That I Know" (the best song on the album), 'I've Been Thinking About You" are way far away from any ballad form. Note: In the fold-out picture notice the wedding band on her finger. Tommy Mattola (her then husband) has a very distinct style, and this really shows up on the CD. "Anytime You Need A Friend" is great, but it drags on for quite a long time compared to the arguably short "Never Forget You". And the award for most underrated goes to "Without You". "Without you is a classic MC Remake, and she must have spent a darn long time in the studio trying to hit the long note on the second verse. "Hero" is one more #1 off this CD, and it is ok, but after you hear a lot, you get tired of it. The CD ends on a high note with "All I've Ever Wanted". A great buy, so buy it.
2.0 out of 5 stars Overrated - Not a very good overall CD,
L.A. Scene (Indian Trail, NC USA) - See all my reviews
If you look at each decade in music, there seems to be an artist that rises as the "Artist of the Decade". Although in some cases you can dispute it, you can make the argument that the following artists dominated their decade: Elvis Presley (1950s), The Beatles (1960s), The Bee Gees (1970s), and Michael Jackson (1980s). The 1990s was a more difficult decade to decide as it was a down decade in the music industry. If you take a look at commercial sales and #1 singles alone, Mariah Carey is one name that certainly comes to the top of the list for 90s artist of the decade. She had #1 songs in nearly every year of the decade and sold lots of albums. Her biggest selling album was her 1993 release entitled "Music Box". "Music Box" sold some 24 to 25 million copies and was a monster selling album. However, this is a case where I just don't get it because I don't believe this is a very good album.
There are several problems I have with "Music Box". First up, the sound is very familiar. The album definitely has a Whitney Houston feel to it - and haven't we had enough Whitney Houston in the 80s. I don't feel this album brings that much new to the table. One thing I will give Mariah credit for is that she plays a much more prevelant role in songwriting than Whitney Houston. Most of her #1 songs have been written by Carey herself. This brings me to the second point - the lyrics - in many cases (with on exception) I don't think the lyrics are all that strong and don't go very deep. Finally, the album just isn't very interesting. There are three good songs, but there isn't much more that is going to capture your interest.
There are three songs that really save this album. "Dreamlover" was a #1 song and is a catchy song with some catchy, but not necessarily deep lyrics. It has somehwat of an 80s feel to it since there is a heavy dose of keyboards and synthesizers in it. Carey herself wrote the lyrics and co-wrote the music and does a nice job. The background vocals are mixed in nicely - I believe they are done by Carey herself. Although "Dreamlover" doesn't go deep with the lyrics, the song "Hero" (another #1 song) does. Personally this is as good a song that Mariah Carey has done. Although it doesn't sound anything like a Dan Fogelberg song, Mariah Carey does something that Dan Fogelberg was a master of in his music - making use of music and lyrics to paint a picture. In this case Carey paints a picture of a Hero. Another analogy in this song is the "Air Supply" approach. The group Air Supply were masters at building a song up to a crescendo and in "Hero" builds up to a magnificent crescendo. Mariah also shows her trademark vocal range in this song. The third song that is worth listening to on the album is the song "Anytime You Need a Friend". This song doesn't get the attention that the #1 hits got on the song, but what really sets this song apart are the gospel-style background vocals in this song. It makes for something different and some enjoyable listening.
After those first three tracks things get boring and uninteresting. The title track "Music Box" doesn't really excite me that much. "Now That I Know", "Just to Hold You Again" , and "All I've Ever Wanted" are ok songs with nice Carey vocals, but sound almost like clones of Whitney Houston songs. "Never Forget You" has its moments, but isn't a song that I'm really going to want to hear. Babyface, who is the co-writer and background vocalist on "Never Forget You" really doesn't kindle any magic like he did when he collaborated with Eric Clapton. The remake of Nillson's "Without You" is helped by Mariah's vocals, but this really isn't one of the better remakes of this song. I don't think "I've Been Thinking About You" does much to stand out in my mind. This song is one of the weaker songwriting efforts by Carey as it seems like she forced the lyrics to work in many parts of this song.
All of the lyrics and credits for the musicians are included in the liner notes. Mariah includes a whole "panel" in the liner notes that has a bunch of "Thank Yous" to the various people whom she collaborated with. Her at the time husband, Sony Boss Tommy Mottola gets a huge thank you - and oh my,have things changed since this album was recorded back in 1992/3.
The Mariah Carey fan will probably like this album. The casual fan will definitely like the hit songs off this album, but I feel this album doesn't bring that much to the table. I do feel this is an example of an album that received a boost from some singles that got a lot of airplay and sales, but as a whole this album just isn't very good. I don't recommend it.
5.0 out of 5 stars Again, musical excellence,
Anthony Early "AEarly" (Cardiff, Wales) - See all my reviews
Imagine it is 1993. You are eagerly awaiting the release of Mariah Carey's new disc, and love 'Dreamlover'. All is nice and sweet, the music and vocal talent apparant and excellent. Fast-forward to 2004, and 'Music Box' is still one of the best albums ever made, having sold over 25 million copies world-wide. 'Dreamlover' is the starter here, a brilliant and catchy pop song. The lyrics and vocals here are impressive. 'Hero' is one of Mariah's trade-mark ballads, along with 'Butterfly', 'Can't Take That Away' and 'Through The Rain'. 'Anytime You Need A Friend' has a gorgeous gospel feel to it, and has a very meaningful message. 'MusicBox' is a beautiful and subtle ballad, a soothing and romantic 4 mins. of pure bliss. 'Now That I Know' returns to party form; Mariah is one of only a few artists who go between ballads and up tempo numbers so effortlessly. 'Without You' is a massive favourite with fans. My favourite track, though, is 'All I've Ever Wanted'. This is an epic ballad, and once again shows us the talent and strength of Mariah's voice, when she chooses to unleash it. The ballads don't over-dominate the album because the up beat numbers are so effective. Although I feel that 'Daydream' and 'Butterfly' were better, this album is still a pure delight. Congratulations Mariah.
5.0 out of 5 stars Music to my ears,
Laura (Ontario) - See all my reviews
It's no surprise that this album is a hit. Two very strong singles backed up by an intimate, beautiful cover song is what makes an album a delight. Here's a detailed song review:
1) Dreamlover: one of her #1 singles. A fantastic upbeat song that is self explanatory.
2) Hero: I'm sure almost every single person knows this song. It's such an amazing, strong song about finding one's self and making it through the tough times.
3) Anytime You Need A Friend: This is a wonderful song to play for a friend who is having trouble in their life or is about to move away. It's got touching lyrics.
4) Music Box: One of the slower songs, I love the vocals in this song so much because the songs main focus ARE the vocals. The piano is a very nice touch.
5) Now That I Know: A faster song, great beat and catchy lyrics. More pop than R&B but still very Mariahish. I think every girl experiences this kind of emotion where your friends tell you the guy is no good but he proves them wrong.
6) Never Forget You: Though a great song, it's probably my least favourite on the disc. Even though vocals ARE up to pitch and the music is great, I just don't find it as intriguing as the others.
7) Without You: Now here's the amazing cover song. When I was little, I listened to this version so many times it got worn out. So I was so incredibly happy when I heard this knowing this song would never leave my heart.
8) Just To Hold You Once Again: If I had a movie, this song would definitely be on the soundtrack. Everyone experiences this after a break up. Great lyrics for after a breakup and you want the guy back.
9) I've Been Thinking About You: Another one of the upbeat, faster songs. The lyrics are really good and the vocals are amazing. Obvious Mariah song.
10) All I've Ever Wanted: The album ends with the perfect ballad. EVERYONE and ANYONE can relate to this song.
In all, I think this album is great for when you break up or when you find someone you truly love. It's a mixture of both emotions. I would recommend it to anyone.
5.0 out of 5 stars awesome, awesome, awesome !!!!!!!!!!!,
Anthony D. Howell "scificrackerj" (Houston, Tx USA) - See all my reviews
mariah carey is my favorite singer in the world. the reason i am writing this review first is to tell you that music box is my favortie album of hers. dreamlover is my absolute favorite song of all time and is what got me into her. i was in 7th grade when i got this album. i was sick on christmas day and was feeling really crappty until my aunt gave me the cassette. i was not sick anymore let me tell you!!!!!!!!! i was so excited. my aunt said she went to 6 diffrent stores before she was able to get it. i have never worn down a cassette before. i played this so much that mariah carey sounded like a man with a baritone voice!!!!!! i eventually ended up having to go cd format a couple of years later. this is my review of music box
1.dreamlover (my favorite song of all time) is the perfect radio friendly , put you in a good mood, hopeful to find that special someone song. crafted very well, and oh my gosh, the video....man she looked so hot... nearly creamed in my pants!!!
2.hero, if this song doesn't lift your self esteem, nothing will. this song will remain timeless, mariah has beautiful vocals in this one.
3.anytime you need a friend. again, another lift me up song , but it lets you know that hey just when you think your all alone, your really not, you have me, and that i am here for you if you need me. this song has that right soulful touch.
4.music box- a light and simple song, starting off just like a music box. has a nice even structure and flows evenly. very nice lyrics. as with all the lyrics on this album.
5.not that i know- went from slow and simple music box to a nice dancy number, and is very catchy!!!!!!! like a celebratory song for the i can't believe you love me now, but now that i know, i can be every thing you need masses, (in the lyrics) muy bien indeed!!!!
6.never forget you- starts the second half of the album and is more of the mellow side except for track 9. this song is basically about reflecting on a love that has passed away. this song is really good song and babyface helps out with the lyrics and music here. so you will know that this song is good.
7.without you- a remake song- it shows mariah at her vocal best. you can tell how much she loves this song. she puts in a whole lot of effort into this and succeeds greatly. to me it is unmatched. kelly clarkson had a go at this song that was a great effort , but not mariah. it is said that the person that had originally did this song passed away like right after mariahs version was released as a single.
8.just to hold you once again- this is a really good typical mariah song, a nice ballad , she is so good at those. i like it because its not too much, and not too slow, just like music box as far as music structure. i love her background singers on this song, which adds a more soulful feel. which it think this song needed. this song is about a relationship that did not end well(both people growing apart) but reflecting on just how nice it would be to be to hold you once again. ahh past memories.
9.i've been thinking about you- another dance number kinda awakening from you the ballads. in my opinion this track is out of place but it so sooo good. this song is about that friend next door type that you have known forever as a friend , but never in a relationship way, and then oh my gosh.... things start to change, and the next thing you know,the person from next door is the one you've started to fall in love with. cool lyrics for a dance number.
10.all i've ever wanted- the perfect ballad ending to this album. this song (to me anyways) is about two people in a relationship where one person, isn't sure about continuing on with it, and the other person explaining why this relationship is right, basically professing their love, in hopes to keep the other person. i love this song............ a lot.
so if all you readers are still awake , let me tell you in my opinion , this album is flawless, mariah carey is a voice like no other, and the collaboraters are awesome. the producer on this album ,walter afanasieff, is very well known in the music biz, and he did a lot of great stuff with mariah, this album clearly shows this. i wish that they would work together again!!!!!!!!!!!! you have to get this album, its my favorite , favorite one. pure perfection.
p.s. sorry for grammar, and spelling errors, but i am sure you figured out what i meant. lol
5.0 out of 5 stars Good Work !!Miss. Carey,
RICO (SAN DIEGO CA.) - See all my reviews
Im not big on mariah, as a mega fan but I must say she has done a good job here. My favorite is (anytime you need friend), all the tracks are good. Yes this was her album that really made mariah huge internationally, Yes # 1 selling over 20 million copies world wide. yeah yeah.They say she is the most sucessful female artist of all time, just because she has 15#1'hits( not all solo efferts) sold more albums in the 90's Mariah did kick butt!! But her peak was in 1995/96 with her Daydream cd. Everything after Daydream's peak! Mariah's sound went down hill to many duets nothing on her own was being created, for example using other people beats all the time it got old. She got to ghetto(late bloomer)tried to show more skin look good! but its has been done already!!!! This is not putting mariah down in any way. her early music still is good, thats what she needs to bring back, all this crap even off her latest cd is horrible. However Through the rain is beautiful I really like that song. But Music Box with Daydream are both dam good album I have to admit that.
5.0 out of 5 stars I finally saw the truth, that a heroine lay in Mariah,
Daniel J. Hamlow (Narita, Japan) - See all my reviews
I hadn't been too keen on the "Emotions" single and had prematurely written "sophomore slump" on her forehead. With Music Box being on power play at the retail store I worked, I was not only quick to erase those words from her forehead but found myself offering to shine her shoes as well. If her debut was a delicious chocolate truffle, Music Box was a truffle with extra maple syrup and a drop of brandy that brings the heart to a nice and sizzling warmth.
The first single and #1 hit "Dreamlover" from opening keyboards, high-pitched note, and dreamy vocals accompanied by drum-machines and synths make this more lush than "Someday" from her debut. She speaks for millions when she sings "Dreamlover come and rescue me."/...take me anywhere you want to baby now."
Three Mariah ballads in a row, especially by her and Walter Afanasieff, is like taking a bath in warm latte. Ooh, that feels soooo good! I don't know if Mariah read any Joseph Campbell before doing "Hero", but the opening words "There's a hero/if you look inside your heart" belies that inner journey. Yet I get so enveloped with this song, I keep thinking she's the one to rescue some poor slob.
"Anytime You Need A Friend" has shades of "All Alone In Love" from her debut, but it's enhanced by her usual gospelish backing chorus that includes Kelly Price. Her voice has very strong R&B stylings here. After hearing this I thought, Whitney who?
The title track begins with keys that sound like an actual music box, and is a more quieter and tender affair. Key lyrics: "You take me through the loneliness and the emptiness/And I feel alright 'cause you're by my side."
Clivilles and Cole of the C&C Music Factory get Mariah boogeying down with "Now That I Know" with the skippy percussion. It's the kind of song Taylor Dayne would've torn her hair to get--but she doesn't have the range. There's some old disco-style synths here. The other song they do for her, "I've Been Thinking About You" is the same skippy 80's Paula Abdul-style dance floor pop.
Another three ballads in a row? Stop! Oh, this is sheer bliss!
Mariah and Babyface did the music, lyrics, and backing vocals for "Never Forget You" is one of those "I'll remember you" kind of songs for a departed lover. Then comes her cover of Harry Nilsson's "Without You". While she admirably does this, I find myself siding with Heart's rendition of it on Magazine. "Just To Hold You Once Again" with its resonant organ synth and gospel choir is another "Whitney who?" song. "Even though you're not my lover/even though you're not my friend/I would give my all/to have you ehre/just to hold you once again" goes the chorus. I would give my all? But that's two albums away.
"All I Ever Wanted" which follows the second C&C song, is my favourite ballad here, as it's one loving embrace of a song, hair softly brushing against ear, cheek to cheek, slow-dancing,... it's so wonderful I can't listen to it time after time without melting.
Music Box, with its seven(!) ballads, is one of the three diamonds in the Mariah tiara (hey, that kinda rhymes). The first was of course her debut, and the third would be this album's successor, and was it a daydream come true!
3.0 out of 5 stars MUSIC BOX IS THE ULTIMATE MARIAH CLASSIC,
S. Quinto (Guatemala, Guatemala) - See all my reviews
This album should be consider Mariah's peak album!, totally classic, overselling 10 million copies!, including the number one hits Hero and Dreamlover. I totally hated is "Never Forget You": I don't get this track!, many people like it, but for me is totally boring and does not apport nothin' new, why if Babyface made such great tracks for Madonna and Toni make this dreadful song for MC. I remember the video of "Dreamlover" was the first shocker of this album. "Music Box" for my taste is the best track of the album, makes you want to sleep and hug somebody! a total love declaration!, "Anytime You Need A Friend" I love the lyrics, but I must said I enjoyed the C&C Dance Mix better!, "Without You", this cover is way better than the original, Mariah's voice sound strangely painful here, this is a 90's ballad classic!, this album is worth it, a great stand out. Some fillers like the last two ballads(Just To Hold.., All I've Ever...), remain unnoticed. The C&C produce tracks "Now That I Found You" and "I've Been Thinking About You" are great dance numbers and they take out the album monotony. "Hero" a classic, I shoul've give a 4 stars to this album but "Never Forget You" is sooooo bad I'm givin it 3 for it!
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Music Box (K2hd Remastering) by Mariah Carey (Audio CD - 2012)
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> Calling All Liberals! Watch it & Celebrate!
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Calling All Liberals! Watch it & Celebrate!
Gayle in MD
I can't say that I disagree with anything that these liberals said. Most conservatives are very distrustful of Romney and are only driven to vote for his as the lessor of two evils.
I dont like thems two words. What do they mean. We need a better word.
In ozz the Liberal Party iz the GOP, ie conservativ.
No, wait, i dont like the word conservativ. Uzually there iz no conservation within miles of it. We need a better word.
Only a moonbat believes that Romney is a right winger.
Only a moonbat believes that a leftist is a liberal.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Liberal may refer to:
[edit] Politics
Liberalism, a political ideology
Classical liberalism, a political ideology that advocates free markets, limited government, constitutionalism, rule of law, due process, and individual liberties including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and others
Conservative liberalism, a variant of liberalism, combining liberal values and policies with conservative stances, or, more simply, representing the right-wing of the liberal movement
Economic liberalism, the ideological belief in organizing the economy on individualist lines, such that the greatest possible number of economic decisions are made by private individuals and not by collective institutions
Social liberalism, the belief that liberalism should include social justice and that the legitimate role of the state includes addressing issues such as unemployment, health care, education, and the expansion of civil rights
[edit] AustraliaThe Liberal Party of Australia, a center-right-wing conservative party
[edit] BelgiumIn Belgium, the political denomination "liberal" is used as a misnomer, as it actually refers to a conservative ideology.[citation needed] Hence "liberal" parties in Belgium are actually conservative parties, as opposed to socialist parties. Their typical logo colors are indeed blue, the identifying international color for conservatism.
[edit] CanadaThe Liberal Party of Canada, a center-left-wing party
[edit] United Kingdom"Liberal" in the United Kingdom is customarily used to describe political beliefs in the classical liberal tradition of the old Liberal Party (see classical liberalism, above). It is also used as a short hand to describe policies of the modern Liberal Democrats.
Liberal Democrats, the third political party in the UK, and the successor to the 19th and 20th century governing Liberal Party (which developed from the Whig Party)
Liberal Party (UK, 1989), The party that was formed in 1989 following the formation of the Liberal Democrats
[edit] United StatesModern liberalism in the United States, a form of liberalism
Progressivism in the United States, a political ideology of reform, often associated with left-leaning movements
[edit] Other uses in politicsLiberal democracy, a form of government based on limited majority rule
Liberal Party, a common name for political parties around the globe
Liberal Democratic Party, another common name for political parties throughout the world
Liberalism (international relations), a theory of international relations
Liberalism in Russia. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, namely those that have had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in the scheme. The listed parties didn't necessarily label themselves as liberal.
European liberalism, liberalism in Europe
Liberalism worldwide, liberal parties around the world

Originally Posted By: LWW

Only a moonbat believes that Romney is a right winger.
Only a moonbat believes that a leftist is a liberal.

Only a dorkwad believes anything you say! At the end of the day you will kiss big hairy elephant ass and vote straight GOP. You know it, and I know it. So, how about you stop with your BS? Are you so dense, so incredibly ignorant, that you honestly believe we haven't caught on to you and and all your tactics?
Did you even read what Mac posted ... "Classical liberalism, a political ideology that advocates free markets, limited government, constitutionalism, rule of law, due process, and individual liberties including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and others" ... of course not.
Liberalism is an ideology that you reject on every point.
Mac is a toerable fascist because he is an honet fascist ... you, OTOH, ae a fraud in that you are a fascist in full denial.
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About Park Avenue Catering
Park Avenue Catering is the leading full-service event specialist and caterer in the North Bay. We strive to bring joy and prosperity to our community through wholesome food, gracious hospitality, and philanthropic giving. By employing sustainable practices and creating opportunities for growth, we support quality of life for our Park Avenue Catering family, our community, and the world at large. Our business is built on a solid foundation of superb food, exceptional service, and flawless execution.
We are your liaison to wine country living and cuisine. At Park Avenue Catering, we have been creating memorable experiences in Sonoma, Napa, Marin, San Francisco and throughout the Bay Area since 1986.
Bruce Riezenman is the Executive Chef and owner of Park Avenue Catering, the first Green Certified caterer in Napa and Sonoma counties. He is the author of Pair It!, a food and wine pairing application for the iPhone and Droid.
Bruce has cooked and taught food and wine pairing throughout the world and has been a Guest Chef at the James Beard House in New York City three times. Chef Riezenman was one of the early leaders in local and wine country cuisine, going back over 25 years. He continues to grow, learn, and lead, offering his personal passion for food and wine to you.
For more information about Bruce and Park Avenue Catering, click here.


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SAN ANTONIO — What do you do?
That's the question coach Scott Brooks, his staff and every last member of the Oklahoma City Thunder must be asking themselves.
SAN ANTONIO — What do you do?
That's the question coach Scott Brooks, his staff and every last member of the Oklahoma City Thunder must be asking themselves.
Fans, too.
What on earth do you do to stop the San Antonio Spurs?
After an encouraging debut in this Western Conference final, the Thunder left San Antonio still in search of a successful scheme to slow down the red-hot Spurs.
San Antonio held serve at home and seized a 2-0 series lead with an authoritative 120-111 win in Game 2 on Tuesday night inside the AT&T Center.
It was the 20th consecutive win for the Spurs, who have not suffered defeat since April 11, and their 11th straight at home.
In this latest victory, like many of the 19 before it, the Spurs scored in every way imaginable en route to a lead that ballooned to as many as 22 points. Not once did the scoreboard show the Thunder owning more points than the Spurs.
"Our guys played hard," said Brooks. "Unfortunately, we came away with nothing the last few days."
Oklahoma City must now win four of the final five games to advance to the NBA Finals for the first time.
If the Thunder is to get to there, it must first find an answer to the riddle that is exposing every flaw
San Antonio sliced through the Thunder's defense with ease throughout Game 2 just like the Spurs, and guard Manu Ginobili in particular, did in the fourth quarter of Game 1. The Spurs shot 55.1 percent from the field and scored a mind-blowing 65 second-half points against a Thunder squad that wants to pride itself on being a defensive-minded team.
All the while, nothing the Thunder tried provided any resistance against San Antonio's onslaught. If it wasn't one thing, such as the pick-and-roll, for instance, it was another that torched the Thunder, like the Spurs pinpoint ball movement, for example.
And what's got to be scary for the Thunder and everyone who bleeds Thunder blue is that even coach Gregg Popovich, a championship coach four times over, confesses that this is his best offensive team.
"We've had good ball movement with other teams that we've had here, but I think that the combination of penetrate and pitch and post-up with Timmy (Duncan) is probably the best that we've had," Popovich said. "Other teams were more halfcourt. This team has more pace to it that what we've had in the past."
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Query: Ackles
Shirley Wheet submitted a query about her ACKLES ancestory of Orange County:
I am researching the Ackles Family. Charles Ferrell b about 1773 married a Sarah Ackles 19 April 1792 in Orange County, NC – source of marriage is 1741 – 2000 Orange Co. Marriage Collection FHL #0823664 & 04118148. Can you provide me with any additional information other than their marriage day?
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Hennepin Health's county-based accountable care organization (ACO) integrates medical, behavioral, and social services, with a specific emphasis on high users of medical care among Medicaid beneficiaries in Hennepin County, Minn. The ACO, which included more than 6,000 enrollees in February, is a partnership between four county government–affiliated organizations:
The state of Minnesota pays Hennepin Health a set per-member-per-month fee to cover the cost of care for enrollees, with four different rates being paid based on gender and age. The partners are at full risk financially for any surpluses or deficits at the end of the year.
Although most savings are reinvested in program services, a small amount goes to participating providers according to an annual gainsharing formula. In its first year, the ACO tied these incentives to reducing admissions, readmissions, and ED visits by at least 10 percent and to improving performance on preventive care measures by at least 5 percent.
By improving the quality of care and promoting the appropriate use of health services by newly enrolled Medicaid beneficiaries, Hennepin Health has achieved the following results:
Fewer admissions, readmissions, and emergency department (ED) visits. Inpatient admissions declined by 29 percent—from 17 per 1,000 enrollees in January 2012 to 12 per 1,000 by December 2012. The readmission rate for ACO enrollees fell by 2 percent between January and July 2012. ED visits by ACO enrollees fell by 39 percent between January and December 2012.
Lower costs for high users of healthcare services. Care coordination has reduced the cost of care for high users of health services by 40 percent to 95 percent. In addition, medication management for these enrollees has led to a 50 percent reduction in their prescription drug costs.
High enrollee satisfaction. Surveys reveal that 87 percent of enrollees are satisfied with the ACO.
Hennepin Health achieved its results through a number of joint activities that facilitate coordinated care. Examples include the following strategies:
Care coordination. The ACO identifies the top 200 users of health services, who account for 64 percent of total health costs. A care coordinator contacts new ACO enrollees and encourages them to participate in a health assessment and primary care visit. Enrollees who cannot be reached by telephone are assigned to a physician near their homes. If they seek care at a Hennepin Health site, they are linked to that primary care provider.
The care coordinator also assesses the patient's medical, behavioral, and social needs and assigns the enrollee to one of three tiers of care. These tiers dictate the degree of ongoing care coordination, management, and monitoring that the enrollee will receive.
Medical and behavioral health collaboration. ACO partners have stationed mental health and chemical health clinicians in primary care clinics to expedite access to therapy and provide referrals for more intensive services.
Urgent care option. The ACO established an urgent care clinic in the ED to treat patients' nonemergent needs and link them to primary care.
Medication management. The ACO identifies enrollees with a history of high prescription and pharmacy use. Pharmacists contact the enrollees to coordinate prescriptions and answer questions.
Hennepin Health tracks cost, usage, and health outcomes through electronic health records and a central data warehouse that ACO partners can access for patient information. The ACO also reports its performance based on MN Community Measures (a state-based quality improvement organization), HEDIS measures, and Press Ganey patient satisfaction survey data.
The partners know that they must continue to support the ACO or face escalating costs they cannot afford and the possibility of having to deny needed services to beneficiaries. This reality helps sustain a sense of urgency to ensure the ACO's ongoing success. The partners are also looking beyond their current capabilities to expand their services to new populations, including the disabled and Medicaid families with children.
This article is adapted from "County-Based Accountable Care Organization for Medicaid Enrollees Features Shared Risk, Electronic Data Sharing, and Various Improvement Initiatives, Leading to Lower Utilization and Costs," Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Health Care Innovations Exchange, AHRQ.
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Gordon Mountford, executive vice president, Huron Healthcare, discusses business imperatives for undertaking transformative change.
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Welcome to Jet Clean
Today, the effects of water borne diseases are well documented. Cholera,typhoid, hepatitis, dysentery, diarrhea… The list is endless. Yet, we find that the problem of safe drinking water is neglected or at most addressed only at the individual family level by having water purifiers etc.
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7.5" Zadro™ Cordless Dual LED Lighted Round Wall Mount Mirror with 10x and 1x Magnification
A lighted wall mirror is an absolute "must have" for any woman. Looking your best is easy when you have a lighted and magnified vanity mirror at your side. It makes doing your hair and make-up easier than ever before. The LED Lighted Wall Mirror features a dual-sided, premium quality mirror with two magnifications. On one side, a 10x magnification mirror allows you to see up-close and in detail, allowing for easy make-up application. The other side features a normal, 1x magnification mirror that is great for checking hair and make-up. The vanity mirror lights up with energy-saving LED bulbs that illuminate your entire face, allowing you to see the finest details in even the dimmest lighting, and its cordless design allows you to place it anywhere!
- Dual Sided LED Lighted 10X and 1X Magnification
- Cordless, so you can take it anywhere, or use the optional Power Adapter (Included)
- Energy saving LED lighting consumes up to 70% less electricity than regular bulbs
- Dual-jointed wall mount with extendable arm
- Arm extends 12"
- Mirror Head Swivels 360 °
- Available in Satin Nickel or Oil-Rubbed Bronze finish
- Round 7.5" Wall Mount Mirror
- On/Off Switch in Base
- Patented
- AC Adapter (Included) or 4 C Batteries (not included)
- Dimensions: 11" L x 3.5" W x 13.5" H
- Weight: 4.44 lbs.
- Made in China
90 day limited warranty from the date of purchase against defects in materials and workmanship. The warranty does not include damage to the product as a result of misuse or accident.
Brand: Zadro
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The system for treating an internal organ has a generator source for producing a shock wave connected to a portable shock wave applicator device, wherein the shock wave applicator device has a side-firing shock wave head having a variable angle adjustment relative to a release and lock connected handle or holder means for holding said device. The inclination of the shock wave head can be set to a fixed inclination to reach the organ at various locations or surfaces or can be pivotally inclined continuous to vary the treatment surfaces area.
1. A small portable hand-held electro-hydraulic shock wave applicator device comprising:
an applicator housing extending longitudinally;
a side firing shock wave applicator head at one end of the applicator housing;
a pair of electrodes with tips to create a shock wave generating spark to create the shock waves being used in medical applications having amplitudes above 0.1 MPa and rise times of the amplitude below 100 ns, the duration of a shock wave being below 1-3 micro-seconds (μs) for the positive part of a cycle and above a micro-second for the negative part of a cycle;
a reflector for redirecting and shaping a shock wave pattern transverse to a longitudinal axis of the shock wave device;
a membrane or lens covering said reflector for transmitting said shock wave pattern; and wherein the pair of electrodes includes an inner electrode centered and held in an inner probe housing and at an opposite side of the applicator head is an outer electrode, the pair of electrodes being aligned and gapped at a distance S and being partially surrounded by the reflector wherein the shock waves are emitted from the applicator head in a sideways direction relative to the length of the applicator housing.
2. The shock wave applicator device of
3. The shock wave applicator device of
4. The shock wave applicator device of
5. The shock wave applicator device of
6. The shock wave applicator device of
a pivotable handle attached to the longitudinal housing for holding said device, the handle being pivotally inclined relative to the longitudinally extending housing of the device between 0° and at least 180°.
7. The shock wave applicator device of
8. The shock wave applicator device of
9. The shock wave applicator device of
10. The shock wave applicator device of
an inlet passageway and an outlet passageway in said reflector open to said cavity; and
an inlet fluid hose and an outlet fluid hose connected to said passageways for fluid delivery.
11. The shock wave applicator device of
12. The shock wave applicator device of
13. The method of employing a small portable hand-held shock wave applicator device comprises the steps of:
providing an at least partially exposed organ or direct access portal to an organ,
activating an acoustic shock wave generator or source to emit acoustic shock waves from a side firing applicator head with a pair of electrodes with tips to create a shock wave generating spark to create shock waves used in medical applications having amplitudes above 0.1 MPa and rise times of the amplitude below 100 ns, the duration of a shock wave being below 1-3 micro-seconds (μs) for the positive part of a cycle and above a micro-second for the negative part of a cycle, the shock wave emitted from a shock wave applicator head in a side firing pattern relative to the shock wave applicator device, a reflector for redirecting and shaping a shock wave pattern transverse to a longitudinal axis of the shock wave device; a membrane or lens covering said reflector for transmitting said shock wave pattern; and wherein the pair of electrodes includes an inner electrode centered and held in an inner probe housing and at an opposite side of the applicator head is an outer electrode, the pair of electrodes being aligned and gapped at a distance S and being partially surrounded by the reflector wherein the shock waves are emitted from the applicator head in a sideways direction relative to the length of the applicator housing; and
subjecting the organ to the acoustic shock waves stimulating said organ wherein the organ is positioned within an unobstructed path of the emitted shock waves, positioning the shock wave head adjacent to and on an inclination relative to the organ, and emitting a shock wave pattern in a generally transverse direction relative to the applicator head.
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. The method of
This application is a continuation in part and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/763,018 filed on Jan. 27, 2006 entitled "Shock Wave Treatment and Method of Use" and also claims priority to U.S. 60/688,927 filed on Jun. 9, 2005 entitled "Pressure Pulse/Shock Wave Therapy Methods for Organs" and to U.S. Ser. No. 11/238,731 filed on Sep. 29, 2005 entitled "Pressure Pulse/Shock Wave Therapy Methods for Organs".
The present invention relates to a method and a device for generating shock waves generally, more specifically to a method and device for treating internal organs or tissue.
The use of shock waves to treat various conditions affecting the bone or soft tissues of a mammal, usually a human is known.
Shock waves produce a high energy pulse that when focused can pulverize hard calcium deposits such as kidney stones. This technology is commonly and very successfully employed in lithotripsy.
More recently, the use of shock waves has been employed in the art of healing non union bone fractures and in treating soft tissues and organs extracorporeally in a non-invasive manner.
The pressure pulse or wave form when applied was thought to require a high energy to achieve a deep penetration to an affected organ, as a result focused beams were transmitted that had a focal point or region set at a distance deep enough to penetrate the underlying organ or tissue. It was believed that the skeletal system of hard bone mass greatly dampened the wave pattern making it difficult to treat such organs as the heart.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,755,821 B1 entitled "A System and Method for Stimulation and/or Enhancement of Myocardial Angiogenesis" a proposed solution to treating the heart using shock waves was proposed. Shock-waves were applied using a combination lithotripsy probe/balloon system, comprising a needle and cannular balloon which can be inserted through the skin at a point between the ribs into the cavity beneath the chest wall and overlying the heart. Alternatively, the shock-wave can be administered extracorporeally or via a catheter. A fluid injector was connected to the balloon, allowing it to be inflated with saline or other appropriate fluid to fill the space (for transmission of shock waves and/or to displace tissue—such as lung) and contact the surface of the heart. A shock-wave (acoustic) generator was used to generate shock-waves through the lithotripsy probe, through the fluid and into the myocardial tissue. The fluid provides a uniform medium for transmission of the acoustic energy, allowing precise focus and direction of the shock-wave to induce repeatable cavitation events, producing small fissures which are created by the cavitation bubbles. In this case, channels would not be 'drilled' into the heart muscle, minimizing trauma to the tissue while still creating conditions that will stimulate increased expression of angiogenic growth factors.
The concept in U.S. Pat. No. 6,755,821 provides an alternative to procedures in place today that rely on lasers. As stated in the above referenced patent.
"Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) using a laser (sometimes referred to as TMLR, LTMR, PMR, PTMR, or DMR) has been developed over the past decade, initially by a company called PLC Systems, Inc., of Franklin, Mass. PLC's system utilizes a high power (800-1000 W) carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) laser which drills small channels in the outside (epicardial) surface of the myocardium in a surgical procedure. The holes communicate with the left ventricle, which delivers blood directly to the heart muscle, mimicking the reptilian heart. Many other companies are developing laser TMR systems, most introducing the laser light via optical fibers through a flexible catheter, making the procedure less-invasive. These companies include Eclipse Surgical Technologies, Inc., of Sunnyvale, Calif., and Helionetics, Inc., of Van Nuys, Calif. The Eclipse TMR system uses a Ho:YAG laser with a catheter-delivered fiber optic probe for contact delivery to the myocardium. The Helionetics system is based on an excimer laser. In addition to the holmium:YAG and excimer lasers, and other types of lasers have been proposed for TMR.
While the channels created during TMR are known to close within 2-4 weeks, most patients tend to improve clinically over a period of 2-6 months.
Such clinical improvement may be demonstrated by reduction in chest pain ("angina"), and a dramatic increase in exercise tolerance ("ETT", or treadmill test). The mechanism of laser TMR is not fully understood, but it is postulated that the laser causes near-term relief of angina through denervation or patent channels, with subsequent long-term clinical improvement due to angiogenesis, i.e., growth of new blood vessels, mainly capillaries, which perfuse the heart muscle. These new "collateral" vessels enable blood to reach downstream ("distal") ischemic tissues, despite blockages in the coronary arteries. Some of the possible mechanisms by which the laser induces angiogenesis could include activation of growth factors by light, thermal, mechanical, cavitational or shockwave means. In fact, all lasers which have been successfully used for TMR are pulsed systems, and are known to create shock waves in tissue, and resulting cavitation effects."
The problem of delivery of a shock wave to an internal organ is more complex than simply avoiding bone tissue. In the case of treating the heart special care must be taken to avoid damaging the thin membrane of the nearby lung. Shock waves inadvertently transmitted to this area can cause bleeding and other damage.
Another problem for the use of shock waves is internal organs are three dimensional masses that in the case of the heart need the waves to be directed from two sides front and back, more preferably from at least three directions.
Accordingly the devices such as the laser or the shock wave system of U.S. Pat. No. 6,755,821 are limited to one surface of the heart or would require multiple points of entry.
The team of inventors of the present invention has developed both a device and a methodology for treating an internal organ which addresses these limitations and provides a multiple direction system for delivering shock waves.
The system for treating an internal organ has a generator source for producing a shock wave connected to a handheld or otherwise small shock wave applicator device, wherein the shock wave applicator device has a side-firing shock wave head having a variable angle adjustment relative to a release and lock connected handle or holder means for holding said device. The inclination of the shock wave head can be set to a fixed inclination to reach the organ at various locations or surfaces or can be pivotally inclined continuous to vary the treatment surface area.
The pulse or wave propagation being emitted from the head on a sideways direction relative to the holder means enables the surgeon to rotate the head about a longitudinal axis of the holder or tilt the head relative to the length of the holder providing an infinite number of angular choices for emitting the wave pattern. The device may employ acoustic shock waves from electromagnetic or piezo electric, ballistic or electro hydraulic sources or generators.
In a preferred embodiment the head portion or end includes two electrodes or two tips in one assembly of an electrode as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,217,531 and is commercially available under the trade name Smarttrode to create a shock wave generating spark, and the head portion further includes a reflector for redirecting and shaping the wave pattern. The head is preferably round or oval of a small geometric size sufficient to be positioned under or around the soft tissue of an organ to permit access around the periphery of the organ being treated. Alternatively the reflector and head of the applicator can be an oval of more ellipsoidal shape with the major axis lying along the longitudinal axis of the device. In such a case the minor diameter transverse to the longitudinal axis can be made 3 cm or preferably 2 cm or less. The device can further include an integral shielding means which would insure the only emitted shockwave energy was directed outward from the front cover or membrane of the shock wave head. The shielding means preferably would be an air cushion covering at least the back and preferably the sides of the applicator head to dissipate any transmitted energy. This is particularly useful to prevent damage to the thin lung membrane during an open heart procedure. Alternatively the shielding means can be made a part of a sterile sleeve or even a separate sterile layer positioned between the treated heart and the underlying lung. In one embodiment the device is disposable intended for one time use.
The applicator device may be used by placing it inside a disposable sterile sleeve or cover. In such a case the applicator can be simply cleaned with a disinfecting agent prior to use as it is not directly exposed to the tissue. Alternatively the applicator without a sleeve or cover can be used wherein the applicator should be sterilized prior to use. In either use the sleeve or cover or the applicator without a cover should be coupled acoustically to the treated tissue or organ by a sterile coupling fluid or viscous gel like ultrasound gels or even NaCl solution to avoid transmission loss.
The method of employing the shock wave applicator device comprises the steps of providing an at least partially exposed or direct access portal to an organ, activating an acoustic shock wave generator or source to emit acoustic shock waves from a shock wave applicator head of a shock wave applicator; and subjecting the organ to the acoustic shock waves stimulating said organ wherein the organ is positioned within an unobstructed path of the emitted shock waves, positioning the shock wave head adjacent to and on an inclination relative to the organ, firing the electrodes and emitting a shock wave pattern in a generally transverse direction relative to the applicator. The method further comprises repositioning the shock wave head at a second position or inclination and firing the electrode. The step of positioning the applicator may further include setting a holding means at an angle between 0° and about 360° more typically between 0° and 180° relative to the applicator prior the firing the electrodes, the holder means being a pivotable handle. In one embodiment the emitted shock waves are divergent or near planar. In another embodiment the emitted shock waves are convergent having a geometric focal volume or focal point at a distance of at least X from the source, the method further comprising positioning the organ at a distance at or less than the distance X from the source. The organ is a tissue having cells. The tissue can be an organ of a mammal. The mammal may be a human or an animal. The organ may be a heart, a brain, a liver or a kidney or any other organ with associated other types of tissue. The tissue may be a part of the vascular system, a part of the nervous system, a part of the urinary or reproductive system.
The method of stimulating an organ can further include a result wherein the step of subjecting the organ to acoustic shock waves stimulates at least some of said cells within said organ to release or produce one or more of nitric oxygen (NO), vessel endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) or other growth factors.
The organ can be a tissue having a pathological condition, a tissue having been subjected to a prior trauma, a tissue having been subjected to an operative procedure, or a tissue in a degenerative condition. The organ is at least partially surgically exposed if not removed from the patient during the exposure to an unobstructed shock wave treatment.
The method may further include the steps as activating the applicator device to transmit the shock wave pulses in response to a repetitive body or organ function. In particular the method may include triggering the shock wave pulse during the R phase of the QRS and T curve or the contraction of a heart wherein the R phase is that portion of the heartbeat depicted by and including the peak amplitude on an ECG monitored display. This controlled pulse triggering avoids irregular heartbeat patterns from being stimulated by the transmission of the shockwave pulses.
"cirrhosis" liver disease characterized pathologically by loss of the normal microscopic lobular architecture, with fibrosis and nodular regeneration. The term is sometimes used to refer to chronic interstitial inflammation of any organ.
A "curved emitter" is an emitter having a curved reflecting (or focusing) or emitting surface and includes, but is not limited to, emitters having ellipsoidal, parabolic, quasi parabolic (general paraboloid) or spherical reflector/reflecting or emitting elements. Curved emitters having a curved reflecting or focusing element generally produce waves having focused wave fronts, while curved emitters having a curved emitting surfaces generally produce wave having divergent wave fronts.
"Divergent waves" in the context of the present invention are all waves which are not focused and are not plane or nearly plane. Divergent waves also include waves which only seem to have a focus or source from which the waves are transmitted. The wave fronts of divergent waves have divergent characteristics. Divergent waves can be created in many different ways, for example: A focused wave will become divergent once it has passed through the focal point. Spherical waves are also included in this definition of divergent waves and have wave fronts with divergent characteristics.
"extracorporeal" occurring or generated outside the living body.
A "generalized paraboloid" according to the present invention is also a three-dimensional bowl. In two dimensions (in Cartesian coordinates, x and y) the formula yn=2px [with n being ≠2, but being greater than about 1.2 and smaller than 2, or greater than 2 but smaller than about 2.8]. In a generalized paraboloid, the characteristics of the wave fronts created by electrodes located within the generalized paraboloid may be corrected by the selection of (p(−z,+z)), with z being a measure for the burn down of an electrode, and n, so that phenomena including, but not limited to, burn down of the tip of an electrode (−z,+z) and/or disturbances caused by diffraction at the aperture of the paraboloid are compensated for.
"myocardial infarction" infarction of the myocardium that results typically from coronary occlusion, that may be marked by sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea and loss of consciousness, and that sometimes results in death.
"open heart" of, relating to, or performed on a heart which could be temporarily relieved of circulatory function and surgically opened for inspection and treatment.
A "paraboloid" according to the present invention is a three-dimensional reflecting bowl. In two dimensions (in Cartesian coordinates, x and y) the formula y2=2px, wherein p/2 is the distance of the focal point of the paraboloid from its apex, defines the paraboloid. Rotation of the two-dimensional figure defined by this formula around its longitudinal axis generates a de facto paraboloid.
"Plane waves" are sometimes also called flat or even waves. Their wave fronts have plane characteristics (also called even or parallel characteristics). The amplitude in a wave front is constant and the "curvature" is flat (that is why these waves are sometimes called flat waves). Plane waves do not have a focus to which their fronts move (focused) or from which the fronts are emitted (divergent). "Nearly plane waves" also do not have a focus to which their fronts move (focused) or from which the fronts are emitted (divergent). The amplitude of their wave fronts (having "nearly plane" characteristics) is approximating the constancy of plain waves. "Nearly plane" waves can be emitted by generators having pressure pulse/shock wave generating elements with flat emitters or curved emitters. Curved emitters may comprise a generalized paraboloid that allows waves having nearly plane characteristics to be emitted.
A "pressure pulse" according to the present invention is an acoustic pulse which includes several cycles of positive and negative pressure. The amplitude of the positive part of such a cycle should be above about 0.1 MPa and its time duration is from below a microsecond to about a second. Rise times of the positive part of the first pressure cycle may be in the range of nano-seconds (ns) up to some milli-seconds (ms). Very fast pressure pulses are called shock waves. Shock waves used in medical applications do have amplitudes above 0.1 MPa and rise times of the amplitude are below 100 ns. The duration of a shock wave is typically below 1-3 micro-seconds (μs) for the positive part of a cycle and typically above some micro-seconds for the negative part of a cycle.
Waves/wave fronts described as being "focused" or "having focusing characteristics" means in the context of the present invention that the respective waves or wave fronts are traveling and increase their amplitude in direction of the focal point. Per definition the energy of the wave will be at a maximum in the focal point or, if there is a focal shift in this point, the energy is at a maximum near the geometrical focal point. Both the maximum energy and the maximal pressure amplitude may be used to define the focal point.
The invention will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
With reference to
At the opposite end of the applicator 2 is an applicator head portion 40 as shown the applicator head portion 40 has a rounded contour with a diameter of approximately 5 cm, preferably smaller which enables the device to be easily positioned around or under the organ to be treated. It is in this portion 40 that the shock wave patterns are produced, reflected and emitted to the organ or tissue 100 being treated. The head portion 40 includes an outer membrane 3 which is sealed and retained by the annular fixation ring 4 which secures and holds the membrane 3.
Attached to the applicator housing 16 is an external pivotable handle 5 which can be swiveled about a lock and release pin 6. Preferably the handle 5 can be moved and fixed in position at various inclinations. In the illustrated embodiment the handle 5 is shown being movable in a range of 0° to 180° or more as much as 360° as can be seen in
With reference to
With reference to
A cavity 30 is formed between the membrane 3 and the reflector 15 is filled with a fluid medium preferably filled with water. The water helps create a cavitation bubble when the spark is generated from which a shock wave 200 is propagated outward to the tissue or organ 100 to be treated.
It is possible to reduce the size of the applicator head 40 from about 5 cm maximum to much smaller almost half that size by reducing the volume in the cavity 30 and the size of the reflector 15. This can be accomplished by applying over pressure to the volume around the tips of the electrode to control the size of the emitted shock wave bubble. The size of the bubble will increase with the energy and this over pressure put on the tips of the electrode enable the wave propagation to be effectively the same as in the larger sized reflector head.
With reference to
As further shown the activation of the shock wave head 40 can be triggered by the surgeon by depressing the switch button 42 which closes the switch 46 allowing the high voltage current to pass along the cable or rod 8. Preferably this switch 46 including the switch button 42 is sealed within the housing 16 and the housing 16 can be squeezed to depress the switch button 42. This minimizes the protruding portions on the device 2 which is important to avoid damaging vessels or nerves on insertion of the device 2 into the access portal provided by the surgical procedure. The switch 46 could also be replaced with a foot switch or a switch attached to the power and control unit 41.
When treating an organ such as the heart the transmission of the shock waves can be triggered such that the shockwave pulse is emitted at a time when the heart is contracting. As is well known and observed in electro cardio graphs, ECG's, the heart transmits a repetitive beat or wave form often described as the QRS and T wave. The R portion of the curves includes the peak of the curve and it occurs during a heart contraction and during the contraction the heart is in a vironlevel phase such that the heart beat pattern cannot be altered during a triggering of the shockwave pulse. Accordingly it is preferred in sensitive patients that the shockwaves are transmitted during the R phase of QRS and T curves. To stimulate at other times during the heartbeat can create an alteration of the repetitive pattern of the heartbeat and could trigger an irregular and uncontrolled heart spasm which can easily be avoided by timing the shockwave pulse transmission to occur during the R curve portion of the heartbeat wave pattern. This method of controlling the transmission of the shockwave pulse can be tied to any number of repetitive body functions including, but not limited to pulse rate, pulmonary rate, breathing, brain wave activity or the like. The use of equipment monitoring devices to measure such body function can therefore be computer controlled to provide the necessary feedback to permit precise control of the triggering of the generator or shock wave source to insure a fully automated system wherein the temporal firing of the device is controlled without the need of the surgeon or physician intervention. A similar type technique of using the cardiac rhythm or pulse rate frequency of the patient was taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,313,954 to control the shockwave frequency of generation and the subject matter of that patent is being incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The advantage of such a technique is that it enables the determination of the frequency of extrasystoles such that the pulse generator can be deactivated for a given period of time to permit the patients circulation to regenerate itself during this interval. To do otherwise could induce irregular heart rates which in patients with weakened or damaged hearts is more problematic and potentially could be life threatening during the procedure of treatment. Accordingly in the case of treating the heart, in particular, such as the use of ECG gating to control the transmission or triggering of the shockwave pulse and the frequency of the pulse and the frequency of the pulse interval and dwell time between pulses is considered particularly important.
As shown the electrode tips 11, 13 spacing can be controlled by using the magnet 9 and the coil 10 which can move the inner tip 11 to control the gap spacing (S). Alternatively the tips 11, 13 can be replaced with adjustable electrodes using other means such as piezo ceramics, magnets, motors with gear boxes, pneumatic or hydraulic to change the tip distance.
A low cost alternative is to provide two fixed electrodes 11, 13 which are pre-set at fixed gaps and are not adjustable. In this way the entire device can be disposable adapted for a one procedure use which would provide the surgeon with a shock wave applicator device 2 capable to treat a single patient after which the device 2 can be simply discarded. This is possible due to the very low cost such a non-adjustable device 2 would require to manufacture. It is believed such a simple device may be usable for up to 4 or more treatments prior to being rendered inefficient due to the burning of the electrode tips. Alternatively any of the devices 2 can be easily refurbished by replacing worn components generally by replacing the firing mechanisms such as the electrode or tips.
In practice the use of the device 2 can be enhanced by the addition of a light and or miniature camera system (not shown) integrally attached at the head portion 40 or housing 16 of the applicator 2. The camera or light can be internal of the housing 16 and the housing can be or have a clear window portion for transmission. Preferably the light source is one or more LED's adapted for high light and low heat generation. The light and or viewing system combination can be connected to a remote optical monitor to enable the physician to focus on the rear of the organ being treated or any portion obstructed from view. Alternatively the surgeon may employ a flexible endoscope device to get light and a camera for viewing the treatment location and positioning the device 2.
Additionally the device 2 as shown in
The shock wave device preferably can be packaged in a sterile wrap or package and opened and connected in the operating room by the technical staff.
Alternatively as shown in
As shown in
With reference to
These and other aspects of the reflector characteristics and the use of the shock wave head have been described in co-pending application U.S. Ser. No. 11/238,731 portions of which are restated for a clear understanding of the method and use of the inventive device described above.
In the shock wave method of treating an organ of a mammal be it human or an animal with an at least partially exposed target site on the organ, the organ is positioned in a convenient orientation to permit the source of the emitted waves to most directly send the waves unobstructed to the target site to initiate shock wave stimulation of the target area with minimal, preferably no interfering tissue or bone features in the path of the emitting source or lens or membrane 3. Assuming the target area is within a projected area of the wave transmission, a single transmission dosage of wave energy may be used. The transmission dosage can be from a few seconds to 20 minutes or more dependent on the condition. The number of shock waves could be from 10 to a few hundred or a few thousand within one treatment. The repletion frequency of shock waves per second could be from 0.5-20 per second. Preferably the waves are generated from an unfocused or focused source. Preferably the shock waves should be emitted at maximum energy densities of about 0.3 mJ/mm2 or less. The unfocused waves can be divergent or near planar and having a low pressure amplitude and density in the range of 0.00001 mJ/mm2 to 0.3 mJ/mm2 or less, most typically below 0.2 mJ/mm2. The focused source preferably can use a diffusing lens or have a far-sight focus to minimize if not eliminate having the localized focus point within the tissue. Preferably the focused shock waves are used at a similarly effective low energy transmission or alternatively can be at higher energy but wherein the tissue target site is disposed pre-convergence inward of the geometric focal point of the emitted wave transmission.
These shock wave energy transmissions are effective in stimulating a cellular response and can be accomplished without creating the cavitation bubbles in the tissue of the target site. This effectively insures the organ does not have to experience the sensation of hemorrhaging so common in the higher energy focused wave forms having a focal point at or within the targeted treatment site.
If the target site is an organ subjected to a surgical procedure exposing at least some if not all of the organ within the body cavity the target site may be such that the patient or the portable shock wave applicator device 2 must be reoriented relative to the site and a second, third or more treatment dosage can be administered. The fact that the dosage is at a low energy the common problem of localized hemorrhaging is reduced making it more practical to administer multiple dosages of waves from various orientations to further optimize the treatment and cellular stimulation of the target site. Heretofore focused high energy multiple treatments induced pain and discomfort to the patient. The use of low energy focused or un-focused waves at the target site enables multiple sequential treatments.
The present method does not rely on precise site location per se. The physician's general understanding of the anatomy of the patient should be sufficient to locate the target area to be treated. This is particularly true when the exposed organ is visually within the surgeon's line of sight and this permits the lens or membrane 3 of the emitting shock wave applicator 2 to impinge on the organ tissue directly during the shockwave treatment. The treated area can withstand a far greater number of shock waves based on the selected energy level being emitted. For example at very low energy levels the stimulation exposure can be provided over prolonged periods as much as 20 minutes if so desired. The number of shock waves could be from 10 to a few hundred or a few thousand within one treatment. The repletion frequency of shock waves per second could be from 0.5-20 per second. At higher energy levels the treatment duration can be shortened to less than a minute, less than a second if so desired. The limiting factor in the selected treatment dosage is avoidance or minimization of cell hemorrhaging and other kinds of damage to the cells or tissue while still providing a stimulating stem cell activation or a cellular release or activation of VEGF and other growth factors.
The underlying principle of these shock wave therapy methods is to stimulate the body's own natural healing capability. This is accomplished by deploying shock waves to stimulate strong cells in the tissue to activate a variety of responses. The acoustic shock waves transmit or trigger what appears to be a cellular communication throughout the entire anatomical structure, this activates a generalized cellular response at the treatment site, in particular, but more interestingly a systemic response in areas more removed from the wave form pattern. This is believed to be one of the reasons molecular stimulation can be conducted at threshold energies heretofore believed to be well below those commonly accepted as required. Accordingly not only can the energy intensity be reduced but also the number of applied shock wave impulses can be lowered from several thousand to as few as one or more pulses and still yield a beneficial stimulating response.
The use of shock waves as described above appears to involve factors such as thermal heating, light emission, electromagnetic field exposure, chemical releases in the cells as well as a microbiological response within the cells. Which combination of these factors plays a role in stimulating healing is not yet resolved. However, there appears to be a commonality in the fact that growth factors are released which applicants find indicative that otherwise dormant cells within the tissue appear to be activated which leads to the remarkable ability of the targeted organ or tissue to generate new growth or to regenerate weakened vascular networks in for example the cardio vascular system.
The use of shock wave therapy requires a fundamental understanding of focused and unfocused shock waves, coupled with a more accurate biological or molecular Focused shock waves are focused using ellipsoidal reflectors in electromechanical sources from a cylindrical surface or by the use of concave or convex lenses. Piezoelectric sources often use spherical surfaces to emit acoustic pressure waves which are self focused and have also been used in spherical electromagnetic devices.
The biological model proposed by co-inventor Wolfgang Schaden provides a whole array of clinically significant uses of shock wave therapy.
Accepting the biological model as promoted by W. Schaden, the peak pressure and the energy density of the shock waves can be lowered dramatically. Activation of the body's healing mechanisms will be seen by in growth of new blood vessels and the release of growth factors.
The biological model motivated the design of sources with low pressure amplitudes and energy densities. First: spherical waves generated between two tips 11, 13 of an electrode; and second: nearly even waves generated by generalized parabolic reflectors. Third: divergent shock front characteristics are generated by an ellipsoid behind F2. Unfocused sources are preferably designed for extended two dimensional areas/volumes like skin. The unfocused sources can provide a divergent wave pattern or a nearly planar wave pattern and can be used in isolation or in combination with focused wave patterns yielding to an improved therapeutic treatment capability that is non-invasive with few if any disadvantageous contraindications. Alternatively a focused wave emitting treatment may be used wherein the focal point extends preferably beyond the target treatment site, potentially external to the patient. This results in the reduction of or elimination of a localized intensity zone with associated noticeable pain effect while providing a wide or enlarged treatment volume at a variety of depths more closely associated with high energy focused wave treatment. The utilization of a diffuser type lens or a shifted far-sighted focal point for the ellipsoidal reflector enables the spreading of the wave energy to effectively create a convergent but off target focal point. This insures less tissue trauma while insuring cellular stimulation to enhance the healing process.
This method of treatment has the steps of, locating a treatment site, generating either convergent diffused or far-sighted focused shock waves or unfocused shock waves, of directing these shock waves to the treatment site; and applying a sufficient number of these shock waves to induce activation of one or more growth factors thereby inducing or accelerating healing.
The unfocused shock waves can be of a divergent wave pattern or near planar pattern preferably of a low peak pressure amplitude and density. Typically the energy density values range as low as 0.000001 mJ/mm2 and having a high end energy density of below 1.0 mJ/mm2, preferably 0.20 mJ/mm2 or less. The peak pressure amplitude of the positive part of the cycle should be above 1.0 and its duration is below 1-3 microseconds.
The treatment depth can vary from the surface to the full depth of the treated organ. The treatment site can be defined by a much larger treatment area than the 0.10-3.0 cm2 commonly produced by focused waves. The above methodology is particularly well suited for surface as well as sub-surface soft tissue organ treatments.
The above methodology is valuable in generation of tissue, vascularization and may be used in combination with stem cell therapies as well as regeneration of tissue and vascularization.
The methodology is useful in (re)vascularization of the heart, brain, liver, kidney and skin.
The methodology is useful in stimulating enforcement of defense mechanisms in tissue cells to fight infections from bacteria and can be used germicidally to treat or cleanse wounds or other target sites.
Conditions caused by cirrhosis of the liver can be treated by reversing this degenerative condition.
The implications of using the (re)generative features of this type of shock wave therapy are any weakened organ or tissue even bone can be strengthened to the point of reducing or eliminating the risk of irreparable damage or failure.
The stimulation of growth factors and activation of healing acceleration is particularly valuable to elderly patients and other high risk factor subjects.
Similar gains are visualized in organ transplant and complete organ regeneration, wherein a heart, liver, kidney, portions of the brain or any other organ or portions thereof of a human or animal may be transplanted into a patient, the organ being exposed to shock waves either prior to or after being transplanted.
With reference to
With reference to
In each of the representative treatments as shown in
Heretofore such invasive techniques were not used in combination with shock wave therapy primarily because the shockwaves were believed to be able to sufficiently pass through interfering body tissue to achieve the desired result in a non-invasive fashion. While this may be true, in many cases if the degenerative process is such that an operation is required then the combination of an operation in conjunction with shockwave therapy only enhances the therapeutic values and the healing process of the patient and the organ such that regenerative conditions can be achieved that would include not only revascularization of the heart or other organs wherein sufficient or insufficient blood flow is occurring but also to enhance the improvement of ischemic tissue that may be occupying a portion of the organ. This ischemic tissue can then be minimized by the regenerative process of using shock wave therapy in the fashion described above to permit the tissue to rebuild itself in the region that has been afflicted.
As used throughout this application wherein the use of exemplary shock waves 200 in an unobstructed path has been described unobstructed path means that there is no or substantially no interfering tissue or bone skeletal mass between the shock wave applicator 2 and the treated organ. It is believed that the elimination of such interfering masses greatly enhances the control and the efficiency of the emitted exemplary shock waves 200 to create the desired beneficial healing effects and regenerative process needed for the organ to be repaired.
Furthermore such acoustic shock wave forms can be used in combination with drugs, chemical treatments, irradiation therapy or even physical therapy and when so combined the stimulated cells will more rapidly assist the body's natural healing response.
The present invention provides an apparatus for an effective treatment of indications, which benefit from low energy pressure pulse/shock waves having nearly plane or even divergent characteristics. With an unfocused wave having nearly plane wave characteristic or even divergent wave characteristics, the energy density of the wave may be or may be adjusted to be so low that side effects including pain are very minor or even do not exist at all.
In certain embodiments, the apparatus of the present invention is able to produce waves having energy density values that are below 0.3 mJ/mm2 or even as low as 0.000 001 mJ/mm2. In a preferred embodiment, those low end values range between 0.1-0.001 mJ/mm2. With these low energy densities, side effects are reduced and the dose application is much more uniform. Additionally, the possibility of harming surface tissue is reduced when using an apparatus of the present invention that generates waves having nearly plane or divergent characteristics and larger transmission areas compared to apparatuses using a focused shock wave source that need to be moved around to cover the affected area. The apparatus of the present invention also may allow the user to make more precise energy density adjustments than an apparatus generating only focused shock waves, which is generally limited in terms of lowering the energy output.
The treatment of the above mentioned indications are believed to be a first time use of acoustic shock wave therapy invasively. None of the work done to date has treated the above mentioned indications with convergent, divergent, planar or near-planar acoustic shock waves of low energy or focused shock waves in a direct unobstructed path from the emitting source lens or cover using the soft fluid filled organ as a transmitting medium directly. As is the use of acoustic shock waves for germicidal wound cleaning or preventive medical treatments.
With reference to
This converging wave pattern 200A is commonly used in focused shock wave treatments wherein the focal point F2 is targeted at a specific point in the tissue mass 100. Alternatively the wave pattern can be used off target to avoid the high energy focal region if so desired. These wave patterns 200A are most commonly produced by using an ellipsoidal shaped reflector surface in the cavity 30.
Various wave patterns 200A-200E are by no means intended to be more than exemplary and any such wave pattern or type may be used at the surgeon's discretion. Accordingly the depiction 200 in
It will be appreciated that the apparatuses and processes of the present invention can have a variety of embodiments, only a few of which are disclosed herein. It will be apparent to the artisan that other embodiments exist and do not depart from the spirit of the invention. Thus, the described embodiments are illustrative and should not be construed as restrictive.
Variations in the present invention are possible in light of the description of it provided herein. While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the subject invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in this art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the subject invention. It is, therefore, to be understood that changes can be made in the particular embodiments described which will be within the full intended scope of the invention as defined by the following appended claims.
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Session E6: Accelerators for Sub-Atomic Physics: I. History
3:30 PM–5:18 PM, Saturday, April 30, 2011
Room: Terrace A-F
Sponsoring Units: DPB FHP
Chair: Lia Merminga, TRIUMF
Abstract ID: BAPS.2011.APR.E6.1
Abstract: E6.00001 : Cyclotrons: From Science to Human Health
Preview Abstract MathJax On | Off Abstract
Michael Craddock
(University of British Columbia \& TRIUMF)
Lawrence's invention of the cyclotron, whose 80th anniversary we have just celebrated, not only revolutionized nuclear physics, but proved the starting point for a whole variety of recirculating accelerators, from the smallest microtron to the largest synchrotron, that have had an enormous impact in almost every branch of science and in several areas of medicine and industry. Cyclotrons themselves have proved remarkably adaptable, incorporating a variety of new ideas and technologies over the years: frequency modulation, edge focusing, AG focusing, separate magnet sectors, axial and azimuthal injection, ring geometries, stripping extraction, superconducting magnets and rf...... Even FFAGs, those most complex members of the cyclotron (fixed-magnetic-field) family, are making a comeback. Currently there are more than 50 medium or large cyclotrons around the world devoted to research. These provide intense primary beams of protons or stable ions, and correspondingly intense secondary beams of neutrons, pions, muons and radioactive ions, for experiments in nuclear, particle and condensed-matter physics, and in the materials and life sciences. Far outnumbering these, however, are the 800 or so small and medium cyclotrons used to produce radioisotopes for medical and other purposes. In addition, a rapidly growing number of 230-MeV proton cyclotrons are being built for cancer therapy - 12 brought into operation since 1998 and as many more in the works. Altogether, cyclotrons are flourishing!
To cite this abstract, use the following reference: http://meetings.aps.org/link/BAPS.2011.APR.E6.1


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Advance Parental Control Software.
Hi guys,
I was given today a MacBook Pro, and was asked to configure the KIDS account in such a way that the kid will be able to log in and use the account for a maximum of 10 minutes, with a 20 minutes reset.
For example: The kid logs in and uses the computer for 10 minutes, after witch the kid gets kicked out and is not able to log back into the account for 20 minutes.
Is there anyway I can somehow configure an account to work in such a way?
Or is there any software (free or commercial) that provides such a utility for Macs?
Thanks a lot guys!
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