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By Maj. David Kurle, USAFSpecial to American Forces Press Service
BAGRAM AIR BASE, Afghanistan, Aug. 18, 2006 Six U.S. and coalition troops peer out from a remote position on a ridge top in Afghanistan. At sunset on the third day of their vigil, a large force of Taliban extremists carrying heavy machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades surround and pin down the team.
By design, an Air Force joint tactical air controller is with the team. His job is to direct strike aircraft to targets on the ground. The situation on the ridgeline is desperate until an Air Force pilot flying an A-10 Thunderbolt II in the vicinity contacts him.
Helping the A-10 pilot find and target his attackers on the ground, the air controller stays in radio contact, except when forced to pick up his weapon and fire at the enemy closing in.
The A-10 and its pilot hammer at the enemy with bombs and the plane's massive gun.
"Fifty minutes later the remaining enemy retreated and (the JTAC) and his team walked off that ridge to re-supply and fight again the next day," said Air Force Lt. Col. Keith McBride, commander of the 81st Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed here.
McBride, an A-10 pilot, uses this real-life story to illustrate his point that the A-10 is saving lives in Afghanistan.
"There have been numerous occasions where our troops have been taking heavy fire and we show up, and either our presence ends the engagement or we employ against enemy positions and end the engagement," said Air Force Col. Tony Johnson, the 455th Expeditionary Operations Group commander and an A-10 pilot.
Flying hours and the amount of bombs and bullets used by A-10 pilots here have increased all summer due to two offensives by ground forces against the enemy.
Operations Mountain Lion and Mountain Thrust flushed Taliban extremists out of where they normally hole-up, exposing them to U.S. and coalition forces on the ground, who called on A-10 pilots to provide close-air support.
"The increase in weapons deliveries is primarily because U.S. and coalition operations have carried the fight to the extremists," Air Force Brig. Gen. Christopher Miller, 455th Air Expeditionary Wing commander, said. One of Miller's jobs is to advise Combined Joint Task Force 76's U.S. Army commander on the use of combat aircraft in Afghanistan.
"Where extremists have attacked the Afghan people and their infrastructure, we have helped defend them, and we have carried the fight to the enemy, to push them back and reduce their ability to carry out further attacks," he said. "The whole A-10 team, from the airmen who launch them to the pilots who fly them, should be proud. They are saving the lives of Americans and many others they don't even know. And in the big picture, they're enabling the security Afghanistan needs to rebuild into a society where terrorists can't flourish."
The A-10's ability to precisely hit targets also lends itself well to U.S. forces engaged in rebuilding Afghanistan, Johnson said. Preservation of infrastructure and limiting damage on the ground are crucial, since the country of Afghanistan is not the enemy.
"We're also rebuilding a country," he said. "I don't know what other airplane would be better at this than the A-10."
The A-10 originally was designed around its 30 mm gun, designated the GAU-8. The gun is more of a small artillery piece --firing huge bullets into target areas at a rate of 65 per second. The A-10 is the only Air Force aircraft designed specifically for close air support -- providing firepower for ground troops in fights with enemy forces.
If the gun isn't enough, 11 stations underneath the plane hold up to 16,000 pounds of bombs, missiles and rockets.
"Our weapons effects make a decisive impact on the battle," McBride said. "Ground forces rely on our rapid response and our pinpoint accuracy."
The GAU-8, with its 8-foot, rifled barrels, delivers bullets at a blistering 3,000 feet per second. When pilots pull the trigger, they aim using the plane's computer, which takes into account factors like speed, altitude, distance from the target, and angle of the plane's nose. This combination of physics and software make the 30 mm gun on the A-10 extremely accurate.
"Just the large amount and type of weapons the A-10 can carry, combined with a long loiter time over our troops on the ground, makes up for the lack of organic, heavy weapons (carried by U.S. and coalition forces)," McBride said.
But it's not just the A-10's firepower that makes it an excellent choice for supporting Operation Enduring Freedom. The plane is designed rugged, much like the mountainous terrain of Afghanistan. To enable twists and turns through low valleys and high peaks, the wings stick straight out, allowing small, sharp turns. It's heavily armored for the benefit of its pilots and is built to land and take off from the well-worn surface of Bagram's runway.
The A-10 combines some of the best of today's high-technology Air Force with a solid, low-tech foundation. The addition of a targeting and laser-designation pod was a huge boost to the plane's capabilities but still no substitute for the pilot's eyeballs.
"Most other aircraft rely heavily on (electronic) sensors to find and target the enemy," said Capt. Rick Mitchell, an active-duty pilot deployed here from the Air Force Reserve's 442nd Fighter Wing, at Whiteman Air Force Base, Mo. "In the A-10, it's not unusual for a pilot to use binoculars."
When Mitchell flies, his preparation for the mission is extensive and can take more time than the actual combat sortie.
Once in the air, pilots can fly to pre-planned targets or fly in holding patterns above potential battlefields, waiting to swoop down when ground forces encounter the enemy.
The Combined Air Operations Center, in an undisclosed Southwest Asia location, generates missions for Bagram's A-10s. This high-tech command center runs air operations for both Afghanistan and Iraq.
"We work those guys pretty hard," said British Royal Air Force Flight Lt. Matthew Adamson-Drage, a fighter controller who helps assign missions to the A-10s at the CAOC. "The A-10s are pretty much the backbone of (air operations in Afghanistan) because they're flying all the time every day."
To keep the A-10 in fighting form and meet this summer's sweltering pace, the 455th Expeditionary Maintenance Group had to get creative to keep the aircraft ready for missions.
Airmen in the 455th Expeditionary Maintenance Squadron, commanded by Maj. Tim Coger, work around the clock on two aircraft at a time in Bagram's A-10 "phase hangar." Every 400 flight-hours, an A-10 requires a thorough inspection of certain essential parts.
"We're flying off 400 hours here faster than we do at home station," Coger said. "The maintenance tempo is driven by the flying. Since the pilots are flying the jets more, it has caused us to do more maintenance."
And they're not just keeping aircraft flying. Maintainers also load the weapons A-10s need to support ground troops.
That's where Master Sgt. Dennis Peterson, from Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany, comes in. He is the 455th Expeditionary Aircraft Maintenance Squadron's chief weapons loader. "It's been steady work ever since we touched down here," he said. "Rarely a day goes by when (the A-10s) don't come back empty. To see that airplane come back empty is the hallmark of being a weapons loader."
The load teams at Bagram keep a running score of the bombs, rockets and bullets used by A-10s since arriving here in May by posting the tallies on a mural painted next to the group's lounge to remind airmen about the gravity of their mission.
"Our maintenance troops have performed magnificently," McBride said.
The sum of maintenance and flying efforts enables the A-10 to be an effective protector of U.S. and coalition ground forces on the front lines against extremists whose goal is to drag Afghanistan back to the Taliban's repressive brutality and again let the country be used as a haven for terrorists.
"The A-10 is employing lethal firepower when it's needed most by troops on the ground," Mitchell said. "There's nothing more rewarding to a close-air-support pilot than knowing the firepower you employed just saved the lives of guys on the ground."
(Air Force Maj. David Kurle is assigned to the 455th Air Expeditionary Wing.)


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This project examines the ways in which climate variability influences human behavior, focusing on migration and resource-sharing within families. In this project, VanWey studies how risk affects migrant transfers in Mexico. This contributes to her larger work looking at how migrant transfers can be used not only to increase the financial well-being of sending households, but to transform the nature of local social institutions, leading to new schools and the protection of natural resources.
This project brings together 14 research teams at different universities and several disciplines to analyze changes in U.S. society over the last several decades and particularly post-2000, using trend data from Census 2010, the American Community Survey, and Current Population Survey. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship between urban change and inequality.
Kertzer's recent book Amalia's Tale, which documents the experience of an 19th-century Italian peasant who contracts syphilis while serving as a wet nurse, comes from a very different setting and methodological tradition, but its themes of unequal access to health care and the response of the legal system clearly resonate with the theme of persistent disparities in health and human capital.
This 15-year project with Emilio Moran looks at how households manage forest resources in Brazil. The project studies the relationships between demographic change, land-use change and agricultural development in three sites in the Brazilian Amazon. Central to her work is the question of how the changing availability of family labor affects the extent to which farmers clear existing forestland. Recent work suggests that the process of learning and specialization in different activities also helps to explain the variation and timing of land acquisition and forest clearing.
Logan looks broadly at the impacts of hurricanes on the Gulf Coast from 1950-2005, questioning whether their effects on population and employment are long-term or short-lived and asking which population groups are more vulnerable to damage and displacement. A significant barrier to such analysis is the lack of detailed information on the actual wind damage from historical hurricanes. Logan and Zengwang Xu examine the potential for hurricane wind models to be used as a basis for filling this important data need.
Rubinstein examines the effects of bank deregulation on black-white wage differentials. As would be predicted by a model in which discriminating employers pay a cost in terms of profitability because they only hire white workers, he finds that bank deregulation increased business startups and reduced the racial wage gap.
This project traces some of the sociocultural repercussions of Botswana's highly successful Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission program and nationwide antiretroviral drug rollout. The project asks why stigma against HIV-positive children appears to be increasing in response to highly effective treatment and prevention efforts (which global health experts predict should lead to decreased stigma).
Logan in studying trends in school segregation since 1970 shows that the substantial desegregation in the 1970s did not continue after 1980. He is also evaluating the relationship between racial and class segregation and the disproportionate exposure of minority students to subpar schools.
This collaborative project will analyze the relationship between C8 (perflourooctonoic acid) and reproductive health outcomes, including miscarriage, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, birth defects, and neurodevelopmental deficits among residents of West Virginia and Ohio who had elevated exposure resulting from environmental contamination from a chemical plant.
Munshi uses data from a village in India to examine the role of caste politics in determining local election outcomes in rural India and how these elections affect the provision of basic services, including lighting and sanitation. He finds that if an ethnic group in a particular political unit is sufficiently large it can solve political commitment problems that might otherwise cause people to vote for candidates who on average share their views, but are not otherwise qualified or capable.
With Robert Mare, Jackson considers the relative importance of changes in neighborhood quality that occur because of families' mobility vs. within-neighborhood processes of change. Preliminary results are consistent with the idea that there are important differences in the effects of each process on children's welfare.
This study uses longitudinal data from the U.S. and the U.K. to examine social disparities in children's health in the two countries, with a focus on early and middle childhood. Of particular interest are how health patterns among children with migration backgrounds change over time; how any changes are related to changing family environments; and whether there are meaningful cross-national differences in these relationships. In related work, Jackson examines U.S.
Pitt uses innovative data methods to consider environmental-health issues in Bangladesh. This project assembles, collects and analyzes multiple rounds of survey data from Bangladesh, providing family-based and individual panel information on the long-term health and productivity effects of childhood nutritional intakes, indoor air pollution, and health interventions over a 25-year span. As part of a long-term longitudinal survey on nutrition and economic activity he has collected, among other things, toenails, which provide a record of exposure to arsenic.
In this project, Aizer and Dal Bó find that policies that compel prosecution even if the victim later wishes to drop charges result in an increase in reporting and a decrease in the number of men murdered by intimates. These surprising results are shown to be implications of a model in which victims have time-inconsistent preferences.
This project evaluates conditional economic incentives for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in high-risk populations in Mexico. The study focuses on willingness to accept cash transfers conditional on being free of sexually transmitted infections in key populations in Mexico, including men who have sex with men in Mexico City. Involved in this project is contingency evaluation techniques; econometric analyses, and cost effectiveness evaluation.
Chay is engaged in research that empirically investigates the consequences of segregation (and desegregation) in the American South for health outcomes and human capital formation. He finds that the 1946 Hospital Act that led to new hospitals for whites improved health among whites only. The introduction of the Civil Rights Act, which helped provide access to hospitals for blacks, led to substantial relative reductions in black infant mortality.
In this two year project Tyler will conduct a largely qualitative study of the constraints and opportunities that arise when a state or urban school districts attempt to design and implement a new and more rigorous teacher evaluation system.
Sautmann looks at the connection between population growth, age at marriage and dowry in India. Using an economic framework that incorporates search frictions she finds evidence for the so-called marriage squeeze hypothesis, the theory that population growth together with a large age difference at marriage can cause a surplus of women and lead to increased dowry payments.
Nagavarapu has interdisciplinary projects that examine environmental outcomes in Mexico and Brazil. In Brazil, he looks at the relationship between changes in agricultural prices, wages and forest cover with particular focus on the issue of uses of sugar cane for ethanol. In Mexico, he works with marine biologists Heather Leslie and Sheila Walsh to look at the management of fisheries resources. In particular, the team is examining the extent to which cooperatives can more effectively manage fishing resources through establishment of rights over certain fishing grounds.
This project studies the effects of the housing subsidy program in Mexico, with particular focus on the notion that increased access to housing influences labor force and civic participation as well as measures of family health and well-being. Using a unique administrative data set, Hastings estimates the impact that home ownership has on economic outcomes such as labor-market stability, civic participation, and investment in savings and childhood education.
In a separate research project, Weil and his co-authors study the Zambian Malaria Initiative. Combining data from a number of sources, they examine the speed and geographic pattern of the decline in malaria mortality and morbidity, and assess the effectiveness of different health interventions, such as bed nets and indoor spraying.
Kertzer and White employed innovative multidisciplinary methodology and cutting-edge theory to seek a better explanation for very low fertility. They focused on Italy, a country that in the 1990s had the lowest fertility in the world, and which today has among the very lowest. Their findings support the views that both women's employment and a transition towards secular values explains significant fertility variation at the individual level in Italy; however, there remains substantial evidence of the kind of regional grouping in fertility that is often attributed to ideational change.
This research investigates the relationship between family organization and child well-being in Southern Africa, a region with substantial variation and change in children's living arrangements due to the current HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Nagavarapu initiated an innovative project along with one of Andrew Foster's former students on the public distribution system that allocates food rations to the Indian poor. Preliminary work provides a strong circumstantial case that the rations of individuals with low social influence are being diverted by shopkeepers to the black market. Nagavarapu is now working with an NGO that is implementing a randomized trial that incorporates an alternative source of supply for these rations.
PSTC researcher Short joins Juhua Yang of People's University in Beijing to examine patterns of housework among husbands and wives in China over the period 1989 to 2006. They find that as of 2006, Chinese wives on average do five times more housework than their husbands, a gender difference that is little changed since 1989. This study suggests that highly asymmetric housework arrangements can be maintained in settings with high female labor force participation.
McGarvey examines the role of genetic variation in influencing the extent of obesity in Samoa. In-depth dietary, physical activity, socio-demographic and village environmental information is collected from more than 3,000 adult Samoans residing throughout the developing country of Samoa. Genome scan methods will be used to identify across the whole genome susceptibility loci for obesity in this population.
In work with a former student, they test the hypothesis that societies that are either too cohesive or too diverse will grow more slowly than those with an optimal intermediate level of diversity. It is tested using the fact that the process of human migration out of Africa created substantial variation in genetic diversity across the globe, with those populations that are furthest from Africa being more homogenous. The evidence is supportive of the optimal diversity hypothesis and robust to consideration of other hypotheses such as those related to climate or opportunities for trade.
This education grant will increase training and research opportunities in global health for Brown University students and faculty.
Indian cities face tremendous challenges of governance because of entrenched inequalities and accelerating urban migration. Yet the social science literature on urban governance in India is conspicuous by its absence. This interdisciplinary team proposes to fill this gap through a long-term research project that is motivated by three fundamental questions. First, what are the predominant patterns of inequality in urban India and how is inequality structured? Second, how are Indian cities governed and how do these patterns of governance both reflect and impact patterns of inequality?
Dahl's anthropological research in Botswana explores the social effects of international humanitarian organizations' efforts to provide aid during the HIV pandemic, with particular focus on programs that support orphaned children. She also finds a significant tradeoff associated with the provision of aid. In particular, aid workers provide an alternative and much needed source of authority and nurture for orphans; but in so doing the workers erode the traditional kin-network as an alternative source of care giving.
Foster has a series of projects on groundwater in rural India that also focus on issues of scale in agriculture. A central question in this body of work is how the spatial distribution of the population affects the rate of aquifer depletion. In joint work with a former student he finds surprisingly that water markets are more likely to arise in areas where water is not scarce. He also finds that whether water buying or selling increases or decreases aquifer depletion depends in part on the relative sizes of neighboring farms.
Foster has several projects looking at the relationship between air quality and health. In Delhi, India, he has a project that was initially directed at identifying the effects of a court mandate to enforce vehicle regulations with regard to the use of compressed natural gas (CNG). This study involved the systematic collection of ground data on air quality in combination with a household-level survey that included spirometry-based measures of respiratory health.
For this study of drug resistance to HIV, Hogan is providing biostatistical expertise and numerical programming. In particular, his expertise will assist in characterizing geographic variation in antiviral therapy resistance.
Hull is interested in interdisciplinary approaches to the study of household well-being, particularly in smallholder frontier contexts.
Weil's recent research focuses on how changes in health and fertility affect economic growth in the setting of developing countries. Regarding health, he has examined how improvements in overall health, as proxied by life expectancy, as well as control of specific diseases (malaria and tuberculosis) feeds through channels such as worker productivity, human capital accumulation, and population age structure to effect the level of income per capita.
Tyler uses objective data in the form of automatically generated web logs to examine how much and in what ways teachers view student performance data when it is presented to them in a web-based application. This work also examines the extent to which the use of web-based student data is related to student test score growth.
This project, which seeks to identify connections between human trafficking and migration, is part of Smith's collection of work studying the effects of migration on the sexual behavior of young rural-urban migrants in Nigeria. Working with his doctoral student, this project will be conducted over 12 months in Nigeria, using the ethnographic methods of participant observation, self-reporting, and formal and informal interviews.
The complex relationship between demographic processes, spatial segregation, and inequality is evident in work by Logan on the impact of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans. Logan finds that primarily black neighborhoods within the city limits were more likely to be damaged and less likely to be rebuilt than were otherwise similar neighborhoods.
Munshi examines the long-term effects of fractionalization arising from parochial institutions in the American Midwest. Individuals born in counties with greater ethnic fractionalization in 1860 are today more likely to participate in institutions such as churches and parochial schools and less likely to select into mobile skilled occupations.
White's longtime research on immigrant adaptation led to the publication (with Jennifer E. Glick) of Achieving Anew: How New Immigrants Do in American Schools, Jobs, and Neighborhoods (Russell Sage Foundation, 2009), which was awarded the 2010 Otis Dudley Duncan (Book) Prize from the Population Section of the American Sociological Association.
Schooling choice can lead to persistent disparities if individuals in different groups have different levels of access to good schools or make different types of decisions about which schools to attend. This project investigates impacts on student outcomes, competitiveness and racial segregation as a result of the implementation of a new public-school choice system that was first approved in December 2001 by the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education. In this study, Hastings looks at the consequences of winning one's first choice school in a choice lottery.
This project studies racial and ethnic differentiation in U.S. cities in 1880, with a particular emphasis on the relationships between people and places. Using geocoded data from the 1880 Census, Logan was able to measure, for example, the ethnic composition of one's neighbors at the level of the household and to group proximate households with similar "neighborhoods" into an overall neighborhood.
Motivated by Foster's previous work examining the relation between democratization, allocation of public goods, and land ownership, this study will use experimental economics to determine whether the same policies would have a different effect if implemented democratically or by fiat.
This interdisciplinary training and research program brings together Brown University and four partner institutions in Brazil, China, India and South Africa, to examine inequality in the developing world. It aims to help resolve one of the most crucial, but intractable, problems of the twenty-first century: the high levels of inequality in many developing countries. The project is housed at the Watson Institute at Brown.
One of humanity's greatest contemporary challenges is producing enough food to sustain human populations in developing regions while preserving naturally functioning habitats that provide key ecosystem services such as clean drinking water, biodiversity, carbon storage, and climate moderation. This project, which is funded by NSF's Partnerships for International Research and Education Program, leverages substantial existing investments in Africa by the Millennium Villages Project (MVP) to mount an international and interdisciplinary study of this great challenge.
This is a planning grant in which Smith follows up on work that chronicles the transition toward modern marriage in Nigeria and finds that the associated ideals of morality make the discussion of, and thus protection against, risky sexual behavior more difficult than may have been the case in the past.
Aizer is looking at the long-run effects of the Mother's Pension program, which was established as early as 1911 in some states, and is the first government-sponsored welfare program in the U.S. It was designed to improve the conditions of young children that had become dependent through the loss or disability of the breadwinner. Because of the program's historical nature, she can investigate the long-term effects of cash transfers to low-income families on a variety of outcomes, including educational attainment and earnings.
D. Hogan examines health effects of the 2008-2009 Gaza Strip attack and changes in marriage and fertility in occupied Palestine.
Aizer, along with Laura Stroud in Community Health, is examining the role of the 1964 Surgeon General's Report on maternal smoking in changing smoking behavior during pregnancy and how these changes spread across educational groups. Their results suggest that not only were the educated more responsive to the initial announcement but, consistent with a peer-effects model, smoking reductions among the educated were more dramatic in areas of high educational segregation.
In a joint paper with Henderson and a current student, Weil establishes that satellite-based images can be a useful measure of local development, thus making it possible to track growth effects of regional variation in health improvements.
This comprehensive study measures social support systems of children in a rural area of South Africa. Designed to address the gaps left by standard census and survey tools, it combines intensive ethnographic data with longitudinal demographic data from the Agincourt Demographic Surveillance System (DSS). The ethnographic data can identify instances of support and relate these to information from the household database. The value of this approach is then assessed by measuring the relationship between the resulting measures of social support and child outcomes.
In this interdisciplinary and collaborative project, VanWey coordinates a team that includes Andrew Foster and other colleagues from Brown, along with researchers from the Woods Hole Research Center, and Brazilian colleagues from the University of Campinas and the University of São Paulo. The team will be evaluating the state of the Xingu River near Altamira, Pará, Brazil, before construction begins on what will be the world's third largest hydroelectric project.
Labor-market migration can transform individuals as they develop new skills that may or may not be marketable at home. Lindstrom examines this issue in the context of temporary Mexican immigrants to the U.S. Consistent with the literature on investment migration there is evidence that migrants return with financial capital that can be translated into self-employment; however, it appears that the Mexican labor market does not reward U.S. labor-market experience.
This study examined the role of migration or human population movement in the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in South Africa. Funded by the Welcome Trust, this was a 3-year cohort study with biological (HIV and STI) and behavioral outcomes, among migrant men and their rural partners, and non-migrant men and their rural partners.
This pilot investigation will address a significant AIDS-related public health issue in South Africa: the relationship between human geographic mobility and risk for disease transmission. The project uses existing data and conducts a feasibility study. It brings demographic methods and field research, coupled with a refined understanding of human geographic mobility and health transition to the present public-health concern of HIV transmission and AIDS mortality.
J. Hogan is providing biostatistical expertise on this project, designed to determine neuroimaging and genetic biomarkers of cognitive decline.
J. Hogan is providing biostatistics expertise on this project, which examines the effects of alternative modes of care such as community-based programs, detention centers, and homes run by NGOs for children in Western Kenya who have been orphaned as a result of AIDS.
This project focuses on policy-relevant research on adolescent life, physical and reproductive health, and risk taking, with the goal of improving the lives of the next generation of Ethiopian citizens. Partnering U.S. and Ethiopian researchers from Brown, Emory, Jimma, and Haramaya Universities allows the project to improve long-term research capacity through enhanced training programs and communication networks and fostering jointly published scientific and policy papers.
Smith examines the response of Nigerian Pentecostal churches to the AIDS epidemic, focusing on the intersection between religion and health and offering deeper understandings of the popularity, meanings, and wider societal effects of the fastest-growing religion in Africa's most populous nation.
This project focuses on coastal villages in post-tsunami Indonesia, examining the ability of local political leaders to carry out public projects through "volunteer work days." It uses a panel data set containing rich detail on local economic and political institutions, interaction of villages with external institutions, population change, and trauma suffered. Pre-existing social capital, the number of aid projects and the method of aid delivery all strongly affect village volunteerism in 2007, but many effects weakened by 2009.
Henderson, in work with a former student, looks at the issue of spatial exclusionary policies as a mechanism of population control. He argues that the political elite deliberately used the under provision of basic water and sanitation facilities in poor areas to suppress migration. Consistent with this theory, there was an increase in the equality of access to such services in large and wealthy cities following the transition to local democratic governance.
This project examines the ways in which individual, family, and school factors influence the postsecondary choices of Hispanic adolescents—a group whose educational attainment trends threaten to prepare them primarily for lower-skill and lower-wage jobs as adults, resulting in negative health and socioeconomic implications for the population as a whole. Cho and Rivas analyze the relationships of Hispanic youths' individual motivations and family and school resources with their postsecondary choices.
Aizer (in collaboration with Laura Stroud and Stephen Buka in Community Health) explores the effects of maternal stress on child outcomes using a unique longitudinal data set. She finds that cortisol levels of low SES mothers are both higher on average and more variable, suggesting that prenatal stress may play an important role in explaining why relatively few children born into poverty are able to escape it as adults.
High rates of incarceration are in part a consequence of persistent inequality and may have long-term impacts on economic and social well-being for individuals and communities. Loury recently focused on the rise in rates of incarceration, particularly among African Americans. In his recent book, Race, Incarceration and American Values: The Tanner Lectures, he argues that the disproportionately black and brown prison populations are the victims of civil-rights opponents who successfully moved the country's race dialogue to a seemingly race-neutral concern over crime.
In U.S. cities, there are important relationships between segregation and public service delivery. Baum-Snow examines the role of urban school desegregation in determining processes of ethnic groupings. He shows that desegregation, in addition to leading to substantial outmigration from urban districts by whites, tended to reduce outmigration among blacks while also reducing private school enrollment among blacks in the South. Because of these countervailing forces, school desegregation was not an important driver of urban population decentralization in the United States.
In this new project, VanWey joins Brown Geosciences Professor John Mustard in leading a team of researchers studying agricultural development in Brazil. The project focuses on the agricultural frontier of Mato Grosso, where there are not only rapid and large-scale land transformations (ex from natural land cover to agriculture, and from pasture to crop), but also the most rapid population growth in the country, the highest human development index in the country, and dramatic economic growth.
Using GIS techniques, South African Census data and qualitative fieldwork, this project explores the economic and social reconfiguration of the post-apartheid city. The spatial engineering of apartheid resulted in the concentration of public services and infrastructure, such as access to electricity, trash collection, schools, and paved roads in the sections of cities designated as white under the Group Areas Act. Efforts to undo these inequalities have been a focus of all levels of post-apartheid government.
Hurricanes have a devastating effect on nursing home residents, as they may be adversely affected either by being transferred to another setting or by sheltering in place. Using existing nursing-home data from multiple sources, Logan and his collaborator, Vincent Mor, seek to understand the consequences of hurricanes and evacuation decisions, providing the first evidence base to inform the creation of evacuation guidelines.
Foster, along with a former student, evaluates how race-based preferences and geographical distance affect nursing home sorting. He finds that the resulting segregation exacerbates racial disparities in the quality of nursing-home care. In addition to peer-reviewed academic papers, this project resulted in a repository of long-term care data and state policies, and a Web site providing access to policies, provider data, and a quality-based map of LTC providers by location.
Recent advances in genomic science, and understandings of biological difference, present new research opportunity in regard to social inequality. In particular, researchers can consider more explicitly whether and how human physiology is relevant to institutional and structural explanations of inequality. This grant supports the PI in development of this line of inquiry through funding training in relevant areas of inquiry outside of sociology.
Tyler uses objective data in the form of automatically generated web logs to examine how much and in what ways teachers in the New York City school system use ARIS, an online tool designed to deliver student information and test data to teachers in order to inform and improve instructional practice. The study will also examine the extent to which usage is associated with student achievement and school performance.
Tyler examines the extent to which various classroom practices result in student test score growth and the extent to which going through a rigorous classroom-observation evaluation system impacts teacher effectiveness.
Kaivan Munshi and Chay are examining how the consequences of the Great Migration for blacks moving to northern cities depended in part on the presence of an effective civic culture and network support in their respective sending areas. They note that there was substantial variation across sending areas in the density of the black population and that a certain threshold of density was necessary to develop an effective social network prior to migration.
Hollos examines the well-being and social relations of sub-fertile or infertile women in Nigeria. Two communities are compared: one that is strictly patrilineal versus one that has a mix of patri- and matrilineal practices. While both sets of women face challenges and are, for example, more likely to be divorced from their first husband than their fertile counterparts, the women in the mixed village have better sources of support. Sub-fertile or infertile women in the patrilineal villages are more likely to migrate, shift occupations, and accumulate wealth.
Short and H. Xu, PSTC graduate trainee, examine disparities in health insurance across rural and urban China over the 1997-2006 period. Despite similar levels of health insurance coverage in urban and rural areas by 2006, differences in outpatient and inpatient reimbursement rates suggest continued urban advantage.
Aizer applies economic models of bargaining and econometric techniques to estimate the causes and consequences of domestic violence. Aizer shows that there is a negative causal relationship between violence during pregnancy and newborn health, exploiting for identification variation in the enforcement of laws against domestic violence. Her findings show that a decrease in the male-female wage gap can improve the health of women via reductions in violence.
Tyler uses rich, longitudinal data from the Cincinnati Public School system to examine the extent to which going through Cincinnati's rigorous teacher evaluation program increases teacher effectiveness as measured by the ability to increase student test score gains.
Interested in the early origins of inequality and the role of child health in the production of social inequality, Jackson uses longitudinal data from the U.S. and the United Kingdom to study child health as a source of compounding disadvantage in skill development during the school years. A recent paper examines health as a source of cumulative disadvantage in skill development, focusing in particular on whether the timing and persistence of poor health have a lasting impact.
In this project, Savitz will analyze data from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS), which covers all hospitalizations in New York State. By linking delivery and depression hospital-discharge records, he can estimate the prevalence and incidence of severe postpartum depression on more than 1.1 million births. Savitz and his collaborators will address demographic, social, and medical predictors of postpartum depression, and evaluate the relationship with infant health measures and pregnancy complications.
Hogan studies the effects of child disability on caregivers, with particular focus on the increased costs that families must bear when a severely disabled child is not institutionalized. The bottom line of this body of research is that while there has been a long-term trend to reduce institutionalization of severely disabled children, the family bears much of the cost.
PSTC researchers Short and Logan join Principal Investigator Buka to provide the Providence County, RI and Bristol County, MA components of the National Children's Survey. The study will examine the effects of environmental influences on the health and development of more than 100,000 children across the U.S., following them from before birth until age 21. The goal of the study is to improve the health and well-being of children.
Loucks is using a 50-year follow-up of the New England Family Study to explore how conditions during pregnancy and early life may impact epigenetic alterations and aging processes that could subsequently appear in midlife as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, adiposity and cognitive decline. During this project, Loucks will assess the aging processes in 500 of the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) participants born in 1959-1966 to explore the life course effects on aging.
This project compares the children of Peruvian immigrants to Spain with adopted Peruvian children in Spain to discover meaningful contrasts and similarities between the two groups, leading to a better understanding of both adoption and migration.
In 2000, hourly wages of prime-age men were 31% higher in metropolitan areas of over 2.5 million people than those of less than 100,000 people. Moreover, the relationship between wages and population monotonically increases by about 1 percentage point for each additional 100,000 in population over the full range of metropolitan area size. The existence of this city-size wage gap implies that workers are more productive in larger cities. Since 1980, a strong positive monotonic relationship between city size and wage inequality has also emerged.
This project aims to improve methods of data collection for sexual behavior among young men and women in urban Kisumu, Kenya. Using a life course approach, the project constructs retrospective relationship histories for a random sample of 1,275 youth ages 18-24 and interviews these respondents' marital and nonmarital sexual partners to create a unique matched partner sample. Fieldwork was conducted in spring and summer 2007.
Interview using the Relationship History Calendar.
In China, controls on movement of people to urban areas have been more explicit, as they were in apartheid South Africa. This control has altered the trajectory of these cities and created an underclass without full access to relevant service. Logan is building on a long history of work examining population distribution and stratification in Chinese cities. His recent work uses both original surveys and Chinese census microdata to evaluate residential restructuring, disparities in access to housing between local urbanites and migrants, and the development of private housing markets.
Baum-Snow evaluates the role that transportation infrastructure plays in the spatial organization of population and economic activity. He investigates how the expansion of urban highway networks has led to decentralization of people and firms, and changed the spatial distribution of commutes in U.S. metropolitan areas. He has also evaluated the extent to which urban rail transit expansions have led to changes in commuting patterns and undertaken welfare analysis of such projects.
This project, focusing on China, studies the societal impacts of urban highway and rail infrastructure investments, the biggest (non-defense) public sector investment a country makes. By assembling data on key instrumental variables and policy contexts, Henderson estimates how these choices affect: 1) city population, employment, and GDP growth; 2) urban form, including the spread of developed land by use; 3) environmental outcomes; and 4) urban land-use patterns across residential, commercial, mixed and industrial categories.
In this new project, White will use geocoded DHS microdata to examine neighborhood-level disparities in health and socio-economic conditions and their relationship to urbanization in Ghana and Kenya. This work will provide insight into the relative importance of better provision of public health infrastructure in urban areas versus greater variation in access to resources due to income variation or to exclusionary policies in urban areas.
Co-directors with studentsAt the heart of this project on tuberculosis treatment in India is the simple and practical question of whether community volunteers can be used instead of professional monitors to ensure drug-therapy compliance; but the investigators use this idea in order to explore broader social science questions, including the extent to which caste membership creates effective generalized (as opposed to specific) reciprocity among its members.

subset: commoncrawl


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Tech Talk with Intel: Will Robotic Dogs Guide the Blind?
I'll never forget the first day of service dog team training. One of the first things the trainers told us was, "Your new dog is not a robot." And, here we are 20 years later talking about robots as assistance dogs.
Intel's technology, as it relates to assistance dogs, was recently discussed in an article by Scott Jung, iQ Contributor & Senior Editor at MedGadget. During International Assistance Dog Week, Intel suggested technologies that honor not only the dogs that faithfully guide the visually impaired to greater independence, but also the work they inspire.
The report explains that because guide dogs can't go everywhere, and can't live with everyone, doctors, engineers, and scientists are developing technology that can help people with visual impairment.
In Japan an electronics company and a university have teamed up to work on guide robots. The project, which has been underway since 2009, now has refined their earlier models, which look less like R2-D2 and operate more like a dog now, with four robotic legs that can climb stairs, and the ability to respond to verbal instructions.
Other companies around the world are working on wearable technology, like the Eyeronman, a vest which uses LIDAR, a sort of laser radar, to detect obstacles. Smart glasses that use technology to enhance vision are another strategy being explored. And there's the BrainPort, which converts images seen by a video camera into an "image" the user feels on his tongue.
As the article concludes, "While robots and wearable devices don't look, bark or snuggle like dogs, the guide dogs we salute this week and the assistive technology they've inspired have something very important in common: both help the visually impaired lead more independent lives."
You can read the full article at http://iq.intel.com/the-future-of-fetching-robotic-dogs-guide-the-blind/
Assistance Dogs in the Workplace: Kate Bales and Bonnie
In the International Assistance Dog Week newsletter, we've been asking people to share their stories of their dogs in the workplace.
Although she describes herself as semi-retired, Kate Bales has found a new career as a writer. Here's the story submitted by Kate Bales about her retirement career of writing, and how Bonnie has been a help and inspiration.
Bonnie and I are both semi-retired now, but she is heavily involved in my new retirement career as a novelist. Her somewhat unorthodox manner of performing her tasks is typical of a pit bull. Her greatest joy in life is to cause people to laugh. That gave me the incentive to write her life story, which was accepted for publication in an anthology.
From there, we branched out to fiction. We are currently working on a four book series about a group of internet list pit bull owners who charter various means of transportation and go on tours with their dogs. The first book in the series, "Crazy Ladies on a Bus", was published last winter, and the second, "Crazy Ladies on a Train", is nearly complete and is scheduled for release in late October. The combined antics of the dogs keeps the reader laughing hysterically throughout the stories, and an element of crime and just a smattering of romance are the glue that holds them together.
Bonnie, as my service dog, plays a leading role, as does my deaf pit bull, Fionna. Fionna has only one manner, and it is bad. If there is any way to get into trouble, she will find it. All proceeds from the series are being donated to pit bull rescues around the country.
We are also working on a serious novel about a mystery writer and Homeland Security. Internet research on the many ways to kill a person and cause nationwide panic has attracted their attention, and our writer is being held for investigation. His escape and the ensuing pursuit by various law enforcement agencies should captivate the reader. He was badly injured during one encounter and, while hiding in a remote area, comes across an abused, abandoned dog who helps him in his recovery, ultimately becoming a working service dog. Bonnie, working under a pseudonym, will be the dog who saves our writer.
Kate Bales & Bonnie
Elko, Nevada
International Assistance Dog Week 2014 is August 3-9. Learn more about IADW and subscribe to the newsletter at http://www.assistancedogweek.org/about/.
Tell us how your assistance dog helped you to get and/or keep your job. Send in photos of you and your assistance dog at work. You can send your stories and photos to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Assistance Dogs in the Workplace: Lisa Loftis and Diabetes Alert Dog Ija
In the International Assistance Dog Week newsletter, we've been asking people to share their stories of their dogs in the workplace.
Here's the story shared with us by Lisa Loftis.
Language Arts teacher Lisa Loftis and her Diabetes Alert Dog, Ija, go to work each day during the school year at the Creative Education Preparatory Institute (CEPI), a small charter high school in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Ija, whose name is pronounced with a long "e" sound to start, and ends with a sound like the last part of amnesia, Lisa says, has been paired with Lisa for about a year and a half. This was after about a year and a half of training.
Ija has helped Lisa a lot, alerting her to high or low blood sugar levels 15 – 20 minutes before her best equipment can. Lisa loves being a teacher and enjoys helping her students. Having Ija with her means Lisa loses much less teaching time
Everything went smoothly when Ija joined Lisa on the job. For one thing, the school administration at CEPI was fully aware that Lisa was training with Ija, and that Ija would be coming to school with Lisa when her training was complete. The students were also supportive. Key Club members even organized a fundraising project to help with expenses.
Ija was the first assistance dog at the school, and the school director had a few questions and concerns, but was very supportive. The administration just asked Lisa to keep Ija with her at all times and to keep her on leash. Whether in the classroom or the lunchroom, Ija is with Lisa.
A school visit by a dog trainer from Assistance Dogs of the West, the organization in Santa Fe that trained Ija, helped both the students and teachers at CEPI learn more about what Ija was trained to do and how they should behave around her.
Some students do still ask to pet Ija, but Lisa just tells them that they can pet her after they graduate. Then when her former students come back to CEPI to visit and tell Lisa what they're doing, she makes good on her promise. Otherwise the students know that Ija is on the job, and shouldn't be distracted.
Lisa also hears from students sometimes that they feel sorry for Ija because they think all she does is work. So Lisa started a Facebook page, in part to post pictures showing Ija when she's not working. Ija enjoys swimming and hiking, going on vacation out-of-state during the summer, and sometimes just hanging out at home, lounging on the sofa.
Whether at school, out for dinner, or visiting a doctor's office, Lisa says the best confirmation that Ija is a well-trained assistance dog is hearing people say, "Oh, I didn't even know your dog was with you," when they see Ija get up and leave with her.
In addition to that, of course, is the fact that Ija is constantly attentive to Lisa, monitoring her diabetes and alerting her when needed. Having Ija on the job means Lisa can be better at her job of teaching high school students.
Read this longer article about Lisa and Ija written by Kate Kelly: http://americacomesalive.com/2014/08/04/diabetic-alert-dog-permits-teacher-live-normally/
International Assistance Dog Week 2014 is August 3-9. Learn more about IADW and subscribe to the newsletter at http://www.assistancedogweek.org/about/.
Tell us how your assistance dog helped you to get and/or keep your job. Send in photos of you and your assistance dog at work. You can send your stories and photos to email@example.com.
Assistance Dogs in the Workplace: Kathy Taylor and Hearing Dog Janet
In the May issue of the International Assistance Dog Week newsletter, we asked people to share their stories of their dogs in the workplace.
Here is a story shared by Kathy Taylor.
From the moment I received my Hearing Dog Janet in the spring of 2008 from Canine Companions for Independence, we hit the road working as a team across the nation deploying business CPE (customer premises equipment) products for CenturyLink. I work in field operations as a System Designer-Engineer which requires extensive traveling to customer sites.
When the alarm goes off in the morning it's a bouncing Labrador that greets me; if a co-worker should happen to knock on my hotel door I no longer miss the opportunity to meet for breakfast or perhaps join in going out as a group for dinner.
No longer do I have to sleep sitting up at night with my hearing aids in for fear of missing my early morning flight, for Janet will keep nudging me until I get up. Now I can rest peacefully knowing if the fire alarms should go off in the night, Janet will nudge me awake.
Also, while driving to customer sites, if Janet hears any police/fire or emergency sirens, she will nudge me. In May of this year while on a business trip in Alabama when tornados were moving thru the area, it was Janet that alerted me to the tornado sirens and led me from my third floor hotel room to safety.
While at home I no longer miss people ringing the door bell or knocking on the back door. Nor do I miss the oven timers, microwave timers, or dryer signals, as Janet will simply nudge me and lead me to the sound sources.
For the first time in my life I can now visit a doctor's / dentist office and not have to scope the room out to sit facing the exam room hallway in order to watch for the assistant to call my name. I can now sit wherever I wish and read a magazine / book or simply watch the lobby TV. When my name is called, Janet will nudge my leg and sit up, wanting to lead me to the assistant who has called my name.
It may not sound like much but in the past, no matter how much I informed office employees, the message of my hearing impairment never quite made it to the person calling my name over and over again. My appointment has even been skipped because I failed to hear the office staff call my name, but not anymore, all because of Janet.
There is not a day that goes by that Janet doesn't display excellence and devotion, all for a scratch and a pat.
Recent newspaper article featuring Kathy and Janet: http://www.journalgazette.net/article/20140705/LOCAL/307059984
This year International Assistance Dog Week is August 3-9. Learn more about IADW and subscribe to the newsletter at http://www.assistancedogweek.org/about/.
Tell us how your assistance dog helped you to get and/or keep your job. Send in photos of you and your assistance dog at work. You can send your stories and photos to email@example.com.
Gravel or artificial grass? Tell the FAA what you think service animal relief areas at airports should be like.
Do you travel by air with your assistance dog? Would you like to have some say in what the animal relief areas at airports will be like?
The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is asking for input from service animal partners, and organizations about the issues related to service animal relief areas at airports.
Standards are being developed for relief areas for airports to follow. The standardization would include signing, and guidance for people with vision impairments.
A proposed rule was published in 2011 that would require relief areas at certain airports. The rule also requires that airports consult with service animal training organization(s) about these areas. Consensus standards are being developed in hopes that the standards would satisfy the requirement for consultation. The FAA believes that by having standards, the development of relief areas will be sped up.
The FAA is also asking about the needs of service animals and their partners. In particular, they would like input on the use of artificial turf, gravel or other materials that could be used for relief areas within secure areas at airports. We understand that it's tough to grow grass indoors, so it's great that the FAA is asking us our opinion about what materials would be best to use.
Submit your ideas by commenting on this blog post at the bottom of the page. We'll send in all of your ideas by the January 2nd deadline
If you want help in finding relief areas at airports, you can use the free Working Like Dogs "Where to Go" app. Find out more and download the free app.


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Things to see and do - Cambodia
Leaving for Cambodia
Nearby hotels
Sambor Village Hotel from47 $Book
Golden Chenla Hotel from50 $Book
Steung Chi Neth Boutique Hotel from80 $Book
Things to do nearby
Angkor Temples Small-Group Tour
- 63 €
- Book
Private Tour: Angkor Wat and The Royal Temples Full-Day Tour from Siem Reap
- 75 €
- Book
Private Departure Transfer: Hotel to Siem Reap Airport
- 11 €
- Book
Angkor Spirit Palace :
Nearby tourist sites
Angkor Spirit Palace
Angkor Spirit Palace
Address : Phneachey Village, Svaydongkom Commune KHM - Siem Reap
from : 25.90 USDBook
Featuring traditional Khmer architecture, Angkor Spirit Palace is located in Phneachey Village in Siem Reap. It features a spa, a restaurant and an outdoor pool. Rooms at Angkor Spirit feature modern facilities like a TV and personal safe. A fridge and bathroom amenities are provided. Free Wi-Fi access is provided. Rejuvenate your body at the hotel's spa, which features massage services and a sauna. The hotel also offers a tour desk and an on-site ATM machine. The on-site restaurant serves a variety of Western and Asian dishes. Angkor Spirit Palace is a 20-minute drive from Siem Reap International Airport.
Useful Information
- Address : Phneachey Village, Svaydongkom Commune KHM - Siem ReapSiem Reap
Main services
- Air conditioning
- Non-smoking rooms
- Internet
- Satellite TV


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Excavations at the Port Arthur Historic Site (PAHS) are revealing an intriguing insight into the dietary habits of residents of the former penal colony.Fragments of condiment bottles, such as Worcestershire sauce and pickles, are among a host of items being unearthed during the summer public archaeology program.The finds are delighting children and adults who are working with archaeologists and students on the site of an old rubbish dump and sawpit.Port Arthur's public dig runs until January 23 and is part of the historic site's annual Summer Archaeology Program.Annita Waghorn, Port Arthur's conservation project officer for archaeology, said the dig offers members of the public an opportunity to do something active and engage with the site."It is very popular and provides a structured and practical program of digging, screening and sieving, cleaning and documenting," Annita said."The aim is to encourage our participants to ask questions, find some answers and enjoy the challenge of piecing history together like a jigsaw puzzle."Annita said the amateur archaeologists had found pieces of glass, ceramics and nails as well as remnants of condiments containers."Pickles, chutneys and sauces were used a lot in the colonies," she said."They would have added variety to a fairly monotonous diet and also would have disguised the flavour of not-so-fresh meat."Port Arthur Historic Site archaeology manager Greg Jackman has been involved with the public dig since its inception in 2001.He said the aim was to provide a "transformative" experience."We hope participants go away with some new information," Greg said."It should exercise the mind and be good for the soul as well."Archaeology is not just about finding treasure. Digging should be turned into something meaningful highlighting an important and ethical respect to preserve heritage."It is the information that is important."The dig is supported by volunteers, many of whom are archaeology students from all over Australia.Greg said the program was a popular among university students who looked to it as an opportunity to gain practical experience in surveying and excavation.
Canberra visitors Kerrie, Sarah, Thomas and John Monck examine the pit for remnants of the past with archaeology program education consultant Sarah Stockwin Satchell (left)
Greg Jackman and Annita Waghorn examine the morning's findings
© 2010-2011 This page was produced by the Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority.
Use of this website is subject to our disclaimer and copyright notice. This is our Customer Service Charter.
This page www.portarthur.org.au/index.aspx?base=5708 was last updated Monday, 15 March 2010.


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In Earth Leakage Testing for Class I appliances, the amount of current which leaks through the insulation (No insulation is perfect; some current, however small, will leak through) is measured.
In Touch Current Testing for class II, because there is no earth, two different methods of testing can be used. One is a probe test where the Earth Bond Lead is used as a probe to measure any current leaking onto the enclosure or casing.
The second method is called a 'Differential' test; the tester measures how much current it is supplying to the appliance; it measures how much current is being returned and calculates the difference. The pass/fail limits are on page 77 table 15.3 of the IEE Code of Practice 3rd edition.
Written By Austin
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There are several earth leakage tests depending on the class of the item to be PAT tested.
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- Studio: Sony Pictures Classics
- Release Date: Sep 14, 2001
- Starring: Josh Kornbluth
- Summary: A comedy about tempness versus permness, both in the workplace and in life. (Sony Pictures Classics)
- Director: Jacob Kornbluth and Josh Kornbluth
- Genre(s): Comedy
- More Details and Credits »
Score distribution:
Positive: 12 out of 23
Mixed: 8 out of 23
Negative: 3 out of 23
Not all of the jokes hit, but enough of them do that anyone who's ever filed, collated, or played Mixmaster DJ with the transcribing machine will find cathartic giggles in this breakout debut.
Delivers deliciously low blows at corporate America, office politics and the lengths people will go to avoid work.
They're a far cry from the Coen brothers, or even the Polish brothers, but Josh and Jacob Kornbluth emerge intact from their first filmmaking venture and score more hits than misses in this comedy.
Already too long. It makes you want to start moving globs of dirt to tunnel out of the theater as the movie ends with the famous theme to "The Great Escape."
Let's not waste any time: This movie is just awful. Prime problem: Josh Kornbluth, the chubby, wild-haired, bug-eyed star.
Score distribution:
Positive: 9 out of 11
Mixed: 0 out of 11
Negative: 2 out of 11
VickieR.Jan 25, 2007I am a big fan of the "loser" movie genre, plus orginally from the bay area, so I really loved it. I thought it had some dead on satire, and I am a big fan of the "loser" movie genre, plus orginally from the bay area, so I really loved it. I thought it had some dead on satire, and some great quotes. I have to admit tho that I recommended it to some friends and they now give me funny looks.… Expand
- 1:56
- (1 view)
- By user score


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ECU offers innovative and practical courses across a variety of disciplines and we have a vibrant research culture. ECU is a leader in developing alternative entry pathways to higher education.
We have three campuses in Western Australia. Joondalup and Mount Lawley in the Perth metropolitan area and our South West campus in Bunbury, 200km south of the Perth CBD.
ECU provides a variety of services and facilities that go beyond the classroom, with opportunities for personal development and social interaction for students and staff.
ECU welcomes students from all over the world. We're home to more than 3500 international students.
At ECU we concentrate our research in areas of strength to deliver tangible outcomes.
There are several ways to get involved with research at ECU.
ECU has a lively research community that is committed to supporting research students.
Our Office of Research and Innovation provides comprehensive support services to researchers.
Mutually beneficial ECU collaborations and partnerships with industry, educators and the wider community.
Our Faculties are actively involved in a range of community partnerships.
ECU is a leader in the rapidly emerging area of simulated learning and teaching in health.
We welcome the general community to engage in events on-campus.
Don't miss our annual Open Days at Joondalup on 19 July, Mt Lawley on 9 August and Bunbury on 23 August.
Help us improve our content by rating this page.
Thursday, 17 November 2011
New Head of School of Marketing, Tourism & Leisure, Professor Hugh Wilkins
It is my pleasure to join the Executive Dean of the Faculty of Business and Law, Professor Atique Islam, in welcoming Professor Hugh Wilkins to the role of Head of School of Marketing, Tourism & Leisure.
Professor Wilkins comes to ECU from Griffith University in Queensland where he has worked since 1996. During this period he held a number of roles including Head of School of Tourism & Hotel Management and, more recently, as Director Offshore Operations for the Griffith Business School – responsible for transnational education.
Prior to this he worked at Oxford Brookes University and Staffordshire University in the UK.
Before joining academia, Professor Wilkins also owned and managed small businesses in the hospitality industry in the UK.
Professor Wilkins has already begun his role as Head of School and I'm sure the ECU community will join me in making him feel welcome.
Professor Kerry O. Cox *
* Professor Kerry Cox was Vice-Chancellor of Edith Cowan University from March 2006 to September 2014.


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Risotto with Southern Greens and Bacon
I'm enamored with at least a few aspects of Southern cuisine. One, pork in everything. Two, slow-cooked greens. And three, pecan pie. I've included two of the three here in this somewhat rowdy risotto dish that's left its Italian heritage far, far behind. More


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From what we know, Paterno is mainly guilty of trusting his two superiors, both of whom are charged with two felonies in the Sandusky matter.
Paterno reported the allegation of child abuse to his superior Curley and to Schultz, the head of the campus police. Paterno is fired despite following the law, but Curley, charged with 2 felonies, is put on administrative leave. Why is that?
McQueary had the greater moral failing. He was the eyewitness, and he should have gone to the police himself.
Given the way whistle blowers are usually treated, it is understandable why McQueary hesitated in reporting. He would have been better off had he simply not told anyone. Now, his reputation and his career as a football coach are both ruined.
Absolutely right.
There were probably over 100 people who knew in 1998 that Sandusky hugged boys in the showers and did nothing. Freeh found no solid evidence that Paterno even knew about the 1998 incident. Most of those people in 1998 were in far better position to stop Sandusky including the PA Dept.of Public Welfare, Centre County District Attorney's office, University Police, The Second Mile charity and the county child protective services that had contracts with Sandusky's charity. The boy's parents could have sued Sandusky, complained to the Penn State Board of Trustees or gone to the newspapers and exposed Sandusky.
In 2001, several others knew as well, especially McQueary, who was much, much worse than Paterno. McQueary's father and his family doctor, Dranov, also knew and they were not bound by any Penn State loyalty because they did not work for Penn State.
McQueary did nothing when he thought he saw Sandusky raping a boy right in front of him!
I think McQueary didn't call the police because he was protecting himself. If he turned Sandusky in, he would have been labeled a snitch and would have never worked as a football coach at a major college.
Penn State was stupid not to demand a full investigation and hearing by the NCAA. It would have delayed any punishments for a year or two and allowed Curley and Schultz's court case to play out.
Penn State should have asked Sandusky's victims if they wanted sanctions against Paterno and the football program. One victim released a statement to the press that he did not want to see Penn State football punished by the NCAA.
The Freeh report conclusion lies about the evidence of Paterno's involvement. There is no solid evidence Paterno knew of the 1998 investigation and that he made the decisions in 2001. Paterno said he felt a conflict of interest in 2001 so he left it up to Curley, Schultz and Spanier. The factual evidence in the Freeh report strongly supports that.
It makes no sense to vacate wins to punish a dead Paterno. It just punishes the players. The NCAA lacked jurisdiction and punished the wrong people.
How did the NCAA punish Sandusky and athletic director Curley?
How did the NCAA punish McQueary,who was the most guilty after Sandusky because he did nothing when he thought Sandusky was raping a boy right in front of him.
If you read the evidence in the Freeh report, not the faulty conclusions, they support Paterno's version.
Paterno said he had a conflict of interest as Sandusky's former boss, so he let Curley, Schultz and Spanier deal with the 2001 allegations by McQueary.
Paterno testified that he never knew of the 1998 investigation, and Freeh found no solid evidence that he did. The police didn't question Paterno, Sandusky's boss, in 1998, so why would Paterno have known? It was like the police were trying to keep it from Paterno.
Vacating wins is not that same as a forfeit. It's very unclear exactly how it impacts the records of Penn State's opponents. The other team doesn't get a win for any of those 112 losses that the NCAA vacated.
I don't know if the other teams can wipe those losses from their records or not.
You'd need a much longer statement for that asterisk because it was probably over 100 people who had evidence that Sandusky was a pedophile in 1998 and didn't stop him, including the Centre County District Attorney's Office, PA Dept. of Public Welfare, University Police, State College Police, The Second Mile charity and the parents of the two boys Sandusky hugged in the showers in 1998.
The NCAA doesn't seem to have any concern for Sandusky's victims.
The NCAA should have asked Sandusky's victims if they wanted the Penn State football team and Paterno punished. One victim has come forward and said he didn't want Penn State football punished. He still is a big Penn State fan.
Thanks to the NCAA, now Sandusky's victims may feel responsible for the damage to the local economy and damage to the football team.
If Paterno had called the police in 2001, he would have been the hero. The blame would have gone to the DA, the PA Dept.of Public Welfare and The Second Mile charity who knew Sandusky routinely hugged boys in the showers in 1998 and did nothing to stop him.
I don't think Paterno was acting to protect the football team. If he was protecting anyone, it was McQueary and Sandusky.
McQueary would have been labeled a snitch had he called police in 2001 and a big scandal occurred. He never would have worked as a football coach. McQueary knew that or he would have called the police himself. McQueary's dad and Dr. Dranov knew that too or they would have called the police or told McQueary to call them.
McQueary's story to Paterno in 2001 seemed much weaker than his memories ten years later after the Attorney General had grilled him. Paterno likely was worried in 2001 about Sandusky and his charity being ruined by false charges.
You didn't read the all the Freeh report objectively. Page 51 says that Freeh found no evidence that Paterno ever received the results of the 1998 investigation, yet he concluded earlier that he knew.
If Paterno wanted to cover up the 2001 incident, he never would have told Curley and Schultz. He could have just reported back to McQueary a few days later that he met with Sandusky and the boy and determined that it was all a misunderstanding.
It is false that Paterno knew for about "crimes" for 14 years. At best, it was 10 years.
There is no good evidence Paterno knew about the 1998 investigation, and the DA and PA Dept.of Public Welfare found that there was no crime in 1998.
It is also true Sandusky could have been stopped in 1998 if the police, DA, PA Dept.of Public Welfare, The Second Mile and the parents of the two boys had done more then. What is their penalty?
It is quite likely that even if Paterno had called the police in 2001, that the same group would have let Sandusky off a second time. Even if the boy was sexually assaulted, he may not have admitted to it in 2001.
We don't even know if the boy McQueary saw in 2001 was actually sexually assaulted. That boy had not been identified at trial and McQueary testified that he saw no sexual contact. It remains to be seen if the man who has recently come forward to sue Penn State claiming to be the boy McQueary saw in 2001 is who he claims.
It seems very likely that McQueary told a much milder story in 2001 than he told ten years later. Everyone else remembers a much milder story from 2001, even McQueary's father and his family doctor, Dr. Dranov.
Either McQueary's memory was faulty or he felt pressure from the Attorney General to embellish it.
Why would Paterno have been fired in 1998 if the Sandusky scandal happened then? There is no evidence anyone knew before that.
The blame Paterno game is just way out of control.
Many people at VA Tech knew they had a mentally ill student, Cho, and they did little to deal with him. His parents and family knew of his long history of mental illness but didn't tell the school.
VA Tech could have easily expelled Cho after he stalked two students and had many complaints from faculty and students but they didn't. The campus police should have shut down the campus after two students were murdered, but they didn't.
Cho murdered 32 students and employees, yet no one at VA Tech was fired and no one was vilified for their failures anywhere close to the way Paterno has been.


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Look crisp, wash after wash. Soft, washed cotton with microsuede finish treated to maintain a neat appearance. 9" inseam. Machine Wash. Imported.
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Good product at a great price.
By Joe Bag of Donuts
from Chicago
About Me Casual Dresser
Comments about Jos. A. Bank Poplin Plain Front Plaid Shorts:
Just got these but so far, so good.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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shopping experience
By ed
from houston,tx
About Me Classic Dresser
Service and delivery comments:
love the shorts
By avb?
from virginia
About Me Trendy/Stylish Dresser
very stylish, my kind of shorts.
Anther great Jos Banks purchase
By fish stories CJ
from Marathon, Florida
These shorts fit perfectly, look great and feel great.
Everything was perfect. I had a conversation with Jos Banks customer service folks after losing a lot of weight and completely changing sizes and body shape. The information I received allowed me to order and purchase Jos Banks clothes that fit perfectly. Thank you so much for helping me look, and feel, great in high-quality, properly sized and shaped clothes.
Great Price - Fantastic Shorts
By Bob W
from Ft Myers Beach FL
Great shorts for Golf - Large Pockets
Great product
By convinced customer
from CT
Great quality adn fit.
Nice shorts for the price
By Pinball Wizard
from Fairhope,Al
use them for golfing and casual dressingwish they had pleats
delivery was per expected...great shape...traded in 2 shirts and got great service from Antoinette in Malbis,Al.
Poplin Plain Frnt Palid shorts
By Gordo
from Indian Rocks Beach FL
Don't wash as well as I expected
Very satisfied!
By AndyH
from Louisville,CO
I'm very happy with these shorts! Great fit and finish. Look good. Very comfortable. Lightweight.
By Paul
from Loveland, co
great - same as ususal
Excellent service as usual
Great shorts
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I'm a day late in posting this. Sorry baby girl, so much has happened Daddy and I have barely had a chance to breathe!
Yesterday, you turned five...FIVE!!! Hard to believe our little girl is five and will be starting Kindergarten next year. In three short weeks, your sister follows!
Every passing day Daddy and I are thankful you are in our lives. Your smile, your giggles, even your whines, tantrums, and crying, they remind us of how lucky we are that we have a healthy happy little girl that is growing up too fast. Your fiery spirit, relentless energy, insatiable curiosity, and sharp wit are gonna get you grounded more times than I can predict as you get older, but that's okay. It's those same traits that will push you to accomplish great things...like being a dentist...in space...married to Buzz Lightyear!
Daddy and I love you Rose with all our hearts and souls. Happy birthday Rosie posie, now would you please stop pinching your sister!


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The Raspberry Pi is a great little board just ripe for hardware hacking and the quickest way to build hardware is on breadboard. So we are going to b...
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The first thing we need to do is cut our piece of veroboard / strip board to an appropriate size. I cut mine so it had 6 holes across and 15 holes lo...
Once we've cut our strip board to size we can solder the 26-w IDC box header to it. It's easier if you use something to hold the strip board will yo...
Because the I'm only using single sided strip board, we need to adjust the pins of the Pin Headers so they can be soldered to the strip board and stil...
It always makes sense to check your soldering to make sure there are no short circuits. You can visually check it and use a multimeter set to resistan...
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Playing games on deadline day — unfair?
Feb 27, 2012, 11:55 AM EDT
There are five games on tonight's NHL schedule, all of them involving teams that could be highly involved in today's trade dealings.
The Rangers, believed to be the lead contenders to land Rick Nash, host New Jersey at Madison Square Garden. So what if Brandon Dubinsky gets traded? Pretty sure Nash won't make it to New York in time to replace him.
Nashville, reportedly still looking to add players after acquiring Andrei Kostitsyn, host Los Angeles, another team that could be active today.
Edmonton, Anaheim, Winnipeg, Colorado and Calgary are all playing, and each of them could be without roster players after the 3 p.m. deadline expires.
Not to mention, today is a massively stressful and distracting day for players.
Kings coach Darryl Sutter weighed in on the issue last week, as per LA Kings Insider.
"It's hard to believe that, on the trade-deadline day, you've got to play games," he said.
"It's really unfair to players, coaches. It's really not fair to anybody. Sometimes there's nothing better, but usually there's nothing worse than being traded. … There's a grace period, where your roster opens up and you have extra players and all that stuff, so how do you do it on that day, when you're playing? You could have a 40-man roster, but you can't have what you want."
Anyway, just something to chew on as we wait for things to get a little busier.
- govtminion - Feb 27, 2012 at 12:19 PM
I don't entirely disagree with him, but I'm curious if he'd have said anything if the Kings played tomorrow instead- or if this is simply because he feels like his team is being picked on.
- wingsdjy - Feb 27, 2012 at 12:26 PM
I doubt he feels like his team is picked on. I'm sure if you look over the last decade of schedules, there's been an even mix of who plays on the trade deadline. If I had a stat-boy on staff, I'd actually look into this, but for now I'll just make the assumption.
- govtminion - Feb 27, 2012 at 12:33 PM
Oh I fully agree- I just mean for this year. If the Kings played tomorrow instead of today, would Sutter have said a word about this? Or is it because he's having to deal with it today that he's speaking up?
- protek67 - Feb 27, 2012 at 12:42 PM
Does anyone else think Darryl Sutter looks like (Robert Englund) Freddie Kruger in this picture? He could star in Nightmare on Elm Street 25
- lostpuppysyndrome - Feb 27, 2012 at 12:53 PM
Sutter makes a good point. As a player how do you focus on tonight's game when you might be dealt, especially if your name is plastered all over the hockey media outlets? Even if you're not being traded, another guy on your team might be and there's at least one name on each team that's tossed about in trade rumors. I wonder how that all affects team chemistry, even if most of these rumors and speculations are just media bluster and ploys for click-counts (wink-wink).
- comeonnowguys - Feb 27, 2012 at 2:00 PM
They should schedule no games on deadline day, and a full slate the next day.
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Legends play host to Intimidators
South Atlantic League baseball
Kannapolis Intimidators
at Lexington Legends
What: Three-game series
When: Monday through Wednesday (7:05 Monday and Tuesday nights, 10:05 Wednesday morning)
Where: Whitaker Bank Ballpark
Tickets: Call (859) 422-7867
Major League affiliates: Kansas City Royals (Legends), Chicago White Sox (Intimidators)
UPDATED Probable pitchers (Legends listed first): Monday, RH Bryan Brickhouse (1-3, 2.41) vs. RH Jake Cose (2-3, 2.14); Tuesday, RH Miguel Almonte (1-4, 3.52) vs. LH Jefferson Olacio (1-4, 7.13); Wednesday, RH Christian Binford (2-2, 3.21) vs. RH Myles Jaye (4-1, 2.20).
Intimidator to watch: RHP Zach Isler (6-foot-5, 230 pounds, age 22, from Union) is 2-1 with three saves and a 2.21 ERA over 10 relief appearances spanning 20 1/3 innings. He has recorded 21 strikeouts to five walks, while holding left-handed batters to a .179 average and has not given up an earned run in his four home appearances. Out of Covington Catholic High School and the University of Cincinnati, Isler was an eighth-round draft pick last June. Assigned to Great Falls of the Pioneer League last season, he went 1-0 with a 4.50 over 18 games, including one start. He struck out 33 and walked 12 over 44 innings.
Legend to watch: Wednesday starter Christian Binford (6-6, 217, 20, from Boynton Beach, Fla.) was selected in the 30th round of the 2011 draft out of Mercersburg (Pa.) Academy. He fired a no-hitter in his first high school start as a freshman in 2008, then underwent Tommy John surgery on his right elbow in 2009. As a senior, he compiled a 0.64 ERA in 55 innings, then bypassed a chance to play collegiate ball for Virginia by signing for $575,000. Assigned to Burlington of the Appalachian League last season, Binford went 2-3 with a 2.03 over eight starts and 40 innings, striking out 31 while walking four. With the Legends, his 2-2, 3.21 marks come over six starts and 33 2/3 innings, with 34 strikeouts and nine walks. Coming into the season, Baseball America rated him the No. 26 prospect in the Royals system.
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Archive for June, 2011
Free lunchtime seminar – Social Media as a b2b tool
Posted on01. Jun, 2011 by Richard Spencer.
Over the course of the year, TWO Social will be hosting a number of free seminars looking at how social media is changing the face of business. Everything from b2b to Facebook, from HR to LinkedIn, we'll look at what you need to know and how you can capitalise on the opportunities Social Media brings [...]


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Cashew Butterscotch Pudding Cookies posted on May 26, 2014
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Antigua Women's Los Angeles Kings Black Signature Full-Zip Fleece Hoodie
Product Information:
Keep yourself toasty rink-side in the Antigua® Women's Los Angeles Kings Black Signature Full-Zip Fleece Hoodie. This hooded sweatshirt is made with garment-washed fleece for ultimate comfort, and features your team's wordmark on the front, so you can focus your full attention on sending good vibes down to the ice while staying warm. Support your team this NHL® season in the Antigua® Signature Full-Zip Fleece Hoodie.
- Midweight, full-zip, fleece hoodie
- Team wordmark above smaller team logo on chest
- Antigua® logo on front pouch pocket
- Matching-colored drawcord in hood
- Ribbed cuffs and waistband
- Garment-washed material
- Fabric: 80% cotton, 20% polyester
- Officially licensed by the NHL®
- Style: 100223-010-01-JC2177
- Antigua
Country of Origin: PakistanWeb ID: 19066366
Customer Reviews:
Rated 5 out of 5�by 1 reviewer.
Rated 5 out of 5�by Meg Perfect I love this jacket! It's thick and and long enough for my torso which is rare. I was a little worried about the quality but when I received the sweater it was perfect! Definitely worth the money. September 5, 2013
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Undergraduate Academic Catalog 2012-2013
Home > Undergraduate Academic Catalog 2012-2013 > Degree Course Descriptions > Course Descriptions > Political Science Courses > POLS 3801 Political Behavior
POLS 3801 Political Behavior
Prerequisite: POLS 1101 and SIS 2100
This course provides an examination of institutional, social, and psychological influences on mass political behavior, political sophistication, political participation, voter choice, partisanship, ideology, and values. Students will be required to conduct research of voting and political behavior using statistical analysis.
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Welcome to Week 3 of VH1's Song Of The Summer Countdown, brought to you by our good friends over at Dove Clinical Protection Deodorant. Each week from now until Labor Day, VH1 will be keeping tabs on which songs will ultimately come to define the summer of 2012, as measured by their performance across six categories: the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown, Billboard's Hot 100, Spotify's most-streamed songs, the iTunes Singles Chart, YouTube's music chart, and YOUR VOTES (which, btw, if you haven't voted yet, you should totally vote now!).
Last week, Katy Perry outmuscled presumptive frontrunner Carly Rae Jepsen to overtake the #1 spot on our countdown, and the top of the chart remains the same this week. Buoyed by a strong number of votes from the Katycat contingent —only One Direction's "What Makes You Beautiful" and Pitbull and Shakira's "Get It Started" received more fan votes on sots.vh1.com— Katy Perry's "Wide Awake" is staying put in the #1 position this week. (Subscribe to our VH1 Song Of The Summer 2012 playlist on Spotify!)
That doesn't mean that she doesn't have some challengers, though! In addition to Carly Rae Jepsen's summer smash, Flo Rida's "Whistle" lept up three spots to #7 this week, and the aforementioned One Direction climbed from #17 all the way to #7 with their irresistable hit, "What Makes You Beautiful." Who will be on top next week? Be sure to check back with us all week for updates, and don't forget to vote for the Song Of The Summer over at sots.vh1.com! (Oh, and if you want to see how this week's chart was formulated, check out our super detailed/nerdy chart below.)


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- Willamette
- Athletics
- News Archive
- 2006
- March
- Ninth Inning Blast By Johnson Propels Bearcats to 8-7 Win over Pacific: Willamette Stays Atop NWC
Baseball | Sunday, March 19, 2006
Ninth Inning Blast By Johnson Propels Bearcats to 8-7 Win over Pacific: Willamette Stays Atop NWCFOREST GROVE: Matt Johnson's tied the game with a ninth inning home run before Adam Holden and Colin Young won it with RBI hits in the 10th as the Willamette University baseball team rallied to beat the Boxers, 8-7, in the deciding game of a three-game Northwest Conference series.
The win keeps the Bearcats (13-6, 8-4 NWC) in first place in the NWC with a half game lead over George Fox. Those two teams tangle next weekend at Spec Keene Stadium with a double-header scheduled for Saturday.
Pacific (9-9, 6-5 NWC) held a 6-4 lead going into the top of the ninth when Johnson hit a two-run homer to straightaway center field to tie the game.
After reliever Nic Nottingham held Pacific scoreless in the ninth, the Bearcats used a RBI single by Adam Holden and a RBI double by Colin Young to secure the win.
Willamette reliever Matt Bicocca appeared to be in trouble in the bottom of the 10th, giving up a single to Cedric Steinhouser, a double to Scott Yasumoto and a walk to load the bases. Bicocca ended it though by coaxing the next three batters into fly outs, including a sacrifice fly by Ryan Raagas that cut the lead to one.
The Bearcats manufactured a 2-0 lead in the top of third. Anderson singled and moved to second on a ground out, then scored on Matt Johnson's RBI single to center. Steve Johnson singled home the second Bearcat run, but that lead was short-lived.
Starter Drew Herbert hit Frankie Guros and Raagas, and walked Nick Williams to set the table for Matt McCord who hit his second grand slam of the season. Another hit batter and three more walks added one more to a 5-2 Pacific lead.
Willamette scored single runs in the sixth and seventh to cut the edge to 5-4. Anderson doubled home Lee Eklund in the sixth. In the seventh, Steve Johnson singled with two outs and scored on Grant Yamaguchi's double.
But Robert Lloyd added to the Boxers' cushion with a solo home run to left center field in the seventh. That set the stage for Johnson's first home run of the season. Kyle Stalker walked to lead off the ninth, and then Young ran for him. Johnson homered to tie the game and end Azril's day.
In the tenth, Ellis Webster singled, and then moved to second on Eklund's sacrifice bunt. Holden's single to left gave the Bearcats the lead and Young gave the Bearcats an insurance run with his double to center.
McCord led Pacific offensively, going 2 for 4 with the grand slam. Matt Johnson and Steve Johnson each went 2 for 4 to pace Willamette, while Adam Holden went 2 for 5.
Nottingham (2-1) earned the win in four innings of relief, allowing one run on one hit and one walk while striking out three. Bicocca earned his fifth save of the season.
Andrew Rau took the loss for Pacific (0-1), allowing two runs on three hits in 1.1 innings. Pacific starter Adam Azril went 8.1 innings, allowing six runs on eight hits and six walks, striking out 10.
Willamette plays defending NWC co-champion George Fox in a three-game series beginning on Saturday.