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The inventions involve material handling apparatus developed to operate in radio frequency rich environments. Articles are provided having at least one large compartment capable of enclosing at least one electronic device or a package populated with a plurality of devices. RFID tags are also provided having three antenna arrays situated on three planes to improve electromagnetic and electrostatic coupling with an external distributed network of devices. Pallets are provided with cellular communications devices to provide track and trace functionality. Sensors and actuators are used in connection with the material handling apparatus.
1. A communications system for a material handling apparatus comprising:
a detectable RFID device having a first memory section and a second memory section,
said first memory section containing first means to identify the apparatus, and
said second memory section containing second means to indicate a condition of the apparatus.
2. A communications system as set forth in
said second means indicates a condition of the apparatus that associates said first means with said second means.
3. A communications system as set forth in
a second detectable RFID device for coupling with an object associated with the apparatus produces said second means.
4. The communications system of
said second detectable RFID device couples with an object selected from the group consisting of a component of the material handling apparatus and a unit load transported on the apparatus.
5. A communications method comprising:
placing a first detectable RFID device having a first memory section and a second memory section onto a pallet,
providing a first identification code in the first memory section to uniquely identify the pallet,
using the pallet to transport an object,
identifying the object with a second detectable RFID device,
producing a second identification code with the second detectable RFID device, and
copying the second identification code into the second memory section to indicate a condition of the pallet.
6. A communications method as set forth in
associating the second identification code with the object while the second identification code is retained in the second memory section.
7. A communications method as set forth in
associating the second identification code with a condition of the pallet.
8. A communications method as set forth in
creating a third identification code, and
storing the third identification code in one of the first memory section and the second memory section.
9. A communications method as set forth in
associating the first detectable RFID device with the second detectable RFID device.
10. A communications device for a pallet comprising:
an RFID tag,
said RFID tag having a first memory section for storing a first level identification code to uniquely identify the pallet, a second memory section for storing a second level identification code to uniquely identify an owner of the pallet, and a third memory section for storing a third level identification code to uniquely identify a user of the pallet, and
said codes indicating a condition associated with said pallet.
11. A communications device as set forth in
said RFID tag includes a fourth memory section for storing a fourth level identification code indicative of data obtained by a sensor.
12. A communications device as set forth in
a reading/writing unit for detecting said identification codes, and
said reading/writing unit communicating over a network with a host.
13. A communications device as set forth in
a pallet body
a plurality of spaced apart components positioned within said pallet body, and
said RFID tag connecting to one of said pallet components.
14. A communications device as set forth in
said RFID tag being an RFID selected from the group consisting of a passive RFID tag, an active RFID tag, and a combination of a passive RFID tag and an active RFID tag.
15. A communications device as set forth in
a plurality of removable components, and
at least one of said removable components connected to said RFID tag.
16. A communications device as set forth in
said first level identification code, said second level identification code, and said third level identification code being selectively detectable between levels.
17. A communications device as set forth in
a host for communicating with the device using said reading/writing unit.
18. A communications device as set forth in
an association identification code in the memory is modified responsive to a condition change.
19. A pallet recycling system for managing a pallet to support pallet recycling comprising:
a managing section connected to a network to manage pallet distribution;
a pallet including a radio tag, said radio tag recording and transmitting pallet distribution information;
a tag reader/writer to read out the pallet distribution information recorded in said radio tag to write the pallet distribution information to said radio tag, and to communicate with said managing section,
said radio tag having a read-only memory having a serial number of said radio tag recorded therein, a first dedicated memory region where information corresponding to a pallet owner information is recorded using said tag reader/writer, and a second dedicated memory region where user information is recorded using said tag reader/writer; and
said tag reader/writer writing to said first dedicated memory region of said radio tag updated pallet owner information.
20. A radio frequency identification system comprising:
a radio frequency identification tag that includes a memory with a first page having a page size that is defined by a first predetermined number of bytes and a second page having a page size that is defined by a second predetermined number of bytes;
wherein the first page and the second page include data that identifies objects to be tracked by the radio frequency identification tag;
a radio frequency identification interrogator that is configured to interrogate the radio frequency identification tag;
a server that communicates with the radio frequency identification interrogator to interrogate the first page and the second page; and
wherein the identified objects are associated based on a relationship between the first page and the second page.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/152,628 filed on Jun. 14, 2005, which claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/770,097 filed on Jan. 24, 2001, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/177,382, filed Jan. 24, 2000. This application further claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/134,049 filed Apr. 26, 2002, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/286,450 filed on Apr. 27, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,661,339, which issued Dec. 9, 2003. This application further claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/798,932 filed Mar. 11, 2004, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/803,681 filed on Mar. 12, 2001, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 60/196,127 filed on Apr. 11, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,718,888. The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to plastic pallets and in particular to plastic pallets developed to operate within radio frequency rich environments.
2. Description of the Related Art
Pallets are used to move products through supply chains and to store products between movements. Wood has been the preferred material of pallet construction. A number of standard pallet sizes, such as the Grocery Manufacturers Association ("GMA") style 48�40 inch pallet, have been used to facilitate the wide spread use of wooden pallets across differing distribution networks with some success. Such pallets are utilized in great numbers in what is known in industry as "pallet exchange". It is estimated that there are 2.2 billion wood pallets in North America.
Wooden pallets have problems. In particular, wooden pallets deteriorate with use and cause problems that add user costs. Fortune 500 companies that utilize large numbers of wooden pallets seek to overcome problems associated with deteriorating pallets by hiring wooden pallets from pallet rental companies. Pallet rental companies maintain large pools of wooden pallets and repair damaged wooden pallets before they are re-used. Large users of wooden pallets have therefore been able to manage their costs by transferring the burdens associated with wooden pallet deterioration and pallet exchange to other supply chain service companies.
Although the business model used by pallet rental companies has enjoyed some success, there have been problems. For example, it is difficult to keep track of wooden pallets after they are let for hire. Chep International, the largest pallet pooling company, reportedly lost 14 million wooden pallets, and booked a $238 million adjustment in its financial reporting. These pallet tracking and other inherent wooden pallet problems have increased the need to modify business models relating to the use of pallets for rental purposes.
For example, there are several business conditions and economic factors combined with a convergence of technologies that have led to the creation of track and trace technologies exemplified by the term RFID (radio frequency identification) RFID holds the promise of providing real time supply chain visibility so that in the first instance pallet rental companies would be able to track their rental assets and in the second instance so that pallet users could trace their product through the supply chain.
Implementation of RFID, in one respect, involves the attachment of a tag, which contains a unique identification code, onto a pallet and a distributed network of tag readers. The tag readers associate a tag with a known location to determine the status or progress of the pallet within the supply chain. In this manner, the pallet can be tracked and traced with some accuracy, and the status of the pallet can be queried and displayed according to well understood principles by industry.
Implementation of any RFID system is problematic with regard to wooden pallets. For instance, in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/701,745, which is assigned to Chep International, it is suggested that a tag can be positioned exteriorly upon a nine block GMA style 48�40 inch wooden pallet. Thus, as each tag is read its location would be known. There are however several problems with such an arrangement. In the first instance, it is known that wood absorbs liquid and liquids interfere with radio frequency signals. Therefore, the reliability of communication between the reader and the tag could be compromised by the wooden materials utilized in the construction of the pallet. In a second instance, a tag that is exteriorly positioned upon a surface of a wooden pallet would be subject to a high level of the wear and tear. The impact of a fork tine against an exteriorly positioned tag could result in the destruction of the tag and the loss of the data stored in the memory of the tag. In the final analysis, wood is not a suitable material for constructing pallets that must work within radio frequency rich environments.
As a result of some of the aforementioned circumstances and problems industry has attempted to utilize plastic materials in the construction of pallets. The replacement of wood with plastic has had some success but there have been problems associated with the use of plastic pallets that are to be used in association with track and trace technologies including RFID.
An early example of a plastic pallet that employees a data collection device (i.e. a tag) to provide a track and trace capability is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,971,592 to Kralj et al. In this cited reference the data collection devices are contained in cavities located on each side of the four corners of the pallet. The apparent need for a tag in each corner is due to, the short interrogation range of the readers of the day. In this arrangement a plurality of tags are required which would be more costly than an arrangement in which only one tag is required.
Similarly, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,199,488 to Favaron et al., a plastic pallet with two RFID cards (i.e. tags) is shown and described. The cards are positioned at angles and in the opposite corners so that at least one card is in communication range with a detector (i.e. a reader) from a side position (i.e. from a portal column or fork lift mounted reader). Although the Favaron et al. arrangement utilizes fewer tags than the Kralj et al. arrangement, Favaron et al. nevertheless utilizes more than one tag which is less economical than the use of one tag. A similar arrangement, requiring two or more tags, is disclosed in more thorough detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,669,089, which was filed Nov. 12, 2001, and is assigned to 3M Innovative Properties Company.
Presumably, the arrangements suggested by Kralj et al. would be more reliable than the arrangement of application '745 because the devices of Kralj et al. are enclosed within the structures forming the pallet and therefore are less susceptible than exteriorly mounted tags to damage from fork impacts, wear and tear and the like. Furthermore, Kralj et al. would be more reliable than Favaron et al. because although Favaron et al. contemplates the containment of the tag within the body of the pallet, the Favaron et al. arrangement could allow liquids and other debris to penetrate into and accumulate within a socket wherein the tag of Favaron et al. is located. Liquids and debris within the socket could damage the tag or result in unreliable communication between the tag and the reader.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,483,434, which is assigned to IFCO Systems, another pallet rental company, it is suggested that the delicate components of a transponder (i.e. a tag) can be protectively housed inside a plastic casing. The casing containing the delicate transponder could be subsequently positioned inside an injection mold and incorporated safely into an injection molded component forming part of a plastic pallet. This arrangement would protect the tags and overcome the problem associated with Favaron et al, wherein the tags are indirectly exposed to wear and tear.
Although the arrangements encasing the RFID tags within the plastic pallet embodiments cited above offer levels of protection superior to the method of application '745, such arrangements nevertheless have additional problems. In particular, in order to remove, replace or repair the tags of the prior art references, the plastic pallets themselves would have to be deconstructed or destroyed to provide access to the tags. Accordingly, the prior art does not contemplate an efficient means to either replace defective or damaged tags or to upgrade long lasting plastic pallets with new tags incorporating enhanced capabilities as these become available. It should be noted that a plastic pallet can have a life span of +/− ten years, which length of time may easily exceed the lifecycle of a deployed RFID technology.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,814,287 to Chang et al. a pallet apparatus equipped with a radio frequency recognition module is described. In a first wooden pallet embodiment the module comprises a molded cup forming a compartment that receives a tag. The cup is covered by a cap to enclose the tag inside the compartment. The module is inserted into a cavity formed in a block or stringer of the wooden pallet. In a second plastic pallet embodiment, the module comprises a removable clip for holding a tag and the clip attaches to the exterior of the plastic pallet. Both embodiments provide an efficient means for accessing a tag without deconstructing or destructing the pallet itself. However, in both cases the module could become detached from the associated pallet resulting in the loss of data and possibly the pallet.
In the above cited references two or more tags are suggested so that information can be obtained from at least one tag. However, in order to write information into the two or more tags, the tags would have to be synchronized with one another. This adds complexity to the implementation of RFID methods and systems. When only a single tag is attached to one side of a pallet, the pallet itself could become an obstacle. In this case the pallet would need to be rotated so that the pallet side with the tag faces the reader. Rotating the pallet is time consuming.
Accordingly, it has been suggested that a tag can be positioned substantially in the center region of the pallet. For example, publication document Netherlands 9401836 proposes locating a tag in the center of a pallet and mounting readers on the tines of a fork lift to enable the reader to communicate with the tag. This arrangement is not amenable to reading the tag from the side through a portal mounted reader. For example, the metal tines could block signals intended for the tag. In U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/962,574, a preferred embodiment involves forming a through hole penetrating from one to the other side of the pallet, and positioning a tag inside the through hole in the vicinity of the middle of the pallet. The through hole is characterized as a transmission pathway for radio frequencies traveling between the tag and the reader. One problem with U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/962,574 is that the through hole could collect debris that could impair the operability of the tag.
As discussed above, the life cycle of a plastic pallet may exceed the useful life cycle of a tag technology. Therefore, it would be advantageous in the adaptation of the plastic pallet to anticipate replacement of earlier tags with technologically up-dated tags. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,844,857, assigned to Linpac Moulding, it has been suggested that a recess, provided with a cover, could be developed to enable the removal and exchange of a circuit (i.e. tag IC) to program the circuit with current data or to exchange the circuit in the case of damage or malfunction or to update tag technology. Although the arrangement does not contemplate the destruction of the plastic pallet to access the tag IC, the recess of U.S. Pat. No. 6,844,857 is not developed to accommodate more than one tag IC at a time. This is a problem because there is a need to provide pallets with a plurality of tags so that the pallet can function across non-interoperable RFID systems existing within the supply chain.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,816,076, assigned to Allibert Equipment, the advantage of providing a plastic pallet with a tag holder (i.e. a recess) is offered. The tag holder is an open design and provides an easy way to change a tag. The carrier (i.e. pallet) disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,816,076 also contemplates the use of first and second tags involving a relay relationship, in which the antenna of the second tag is operable to increase the read range of the first tag. Such an arrangement is impractical because the first tag incorporated into the plastic pallet that contains the unique pallet ID becomes redundant once the unique ID of the first tag is associated with the unique ID of the second tag.
What is needed is a plastic pallet that is adapted to operate in a radio frequency rich environment. In particular, the pallet must be able to protect RF devices from wear and tear. Where practical, only one tag indicative of a first characteristic should be required, not two tags as is known in the art. The pallet must also provide access to the devices for any number of purposes as would be anticipated in the art.
In accordance with the present invention a pallet is provided that is amenable to operating in an RF-rich environment. Towards this end the materials utilized to construct the pallet comprise materials that are substantially transparent to RF signals so that RF signals may pass through the materials utilized to construct the pallet.
It is another object to provide a pallet product with multiple unique identification codes so that a plurality of components each with individual IDs can be combined to form a single product having its own unique product ID. This aspect allows a variety of parties to enjoy multiple levels of product identification.
It is another object to provide the pallet with at least one compartment to accommodate identification devices therein. According to this aspect, in one embodiment, the compartment is created as part of the pallet structure and is located in a position that enables the compartment to occupy a large space to accommodate at least one large identification device.
It is another object to provide an identification device that takes advantage of the large size of the compartment of the pallet. Toward this end the identification device is formed to reside in three planes within the compartment to communicate with external RF apparatus positioned adjacent said pallet. In another aspect the multi-planar device is also multi-modal such that the device operates electromagnetically and electrostatically. In another aspect the multi-planar device is multi-band such that the device operates at different frequency bands used within the supply chain.
It is another object to provide a pallet that accommodates identification apparatus that omits a distributed network of reader devices to facilitate communication between a pallet ID device and a remote host. Toward this end a pallet includes an apparatus populated with at least one of a cellular communications module, a GPS communications module, a Bluetooth communications module, a LAN communications module, a PCS communications module, an interrogation module or any other wireless communications means module as may be anticipated looking forward into the future wherein apparatus is provided to enable close range (up to 10 yards), intermediate range (up to 300 yards) and long range (to several miles) air interface communications without relying upon cable or wire connections. In still further connection with aspect, a pallet is provided that couples said wireless communication devices, including RFID tags and the like, with sensors to monitor conditions indicative of at least one particular external environmental factor.
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the present invention will be more readily appreciated as the same become better understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The present embodiments of pallet structures are merely representative of the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention or application and uses of the invention. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the preceding technical filed, background, or brief summary of the following detailed description. For example, the pallet structures can be made of any plastic, wood, metal, cellulose material or combination thereof. The pallet structures may be injection molded, blow molded, compression molded, differential pressure formed, stamped, die-cut, fabricated and assembled, welded, and bonded together. The pallets can take the form of GMA style 48�40 inch pallets, nine-legged nestable pallets, shipping trays, returnable dunnage and the like. Other products falling within the scope of the invention include IBCs, RPCs, ULDs, fuel tanks and the like.
One preferred embodiment involves exemplary pallet structure 2 comprising a combination of plastic forming techniques as will be described below. Further, the present exemplary pallet structure is in the form of a GMA style 48�40 inch pallet. By way of description the GMA style pallet has the specifications listed below:
1. Exact 48-inch�40-inch dimensions. Square in each direction.
2. True four-way entry. Capable of accommodating existing pallet jacks from all four sides (as opposed to current style with cutouts and stringers).
3. Minimum-width pallet jack openings of 12 inches and minimum height of 3� inch clearance when under load. Width of each center support must be less than six inches to accommodate pallet jacks.
4. Smooth, non-skid, top-bearing surface should have at least 85% coverage. However, 100% is preferred. Non-skid surface should be flat, or have no indentations or protrusions that could cause product damage.
5. Bottom-bearing surface of no less than 60% coverage with properly placed cut-outs (12-inches square) for pallet jack wheels from four sides. Surface should be flat or have no indentations or protrusions that could cause product damage.
6. All bottom entry edges should be chamfered to �-inch for easy entry and exit.
7. Overall height of platform should not exceed six inches.
8. Rackable from both the 48-inch and 40-inch dimensions. Allowable deflection in drive-in and drive through racks no more than � inch.
9. Compatible with pallet conveyors, pallet dispensers, skate-wheel pallet-flow racks, and automatic storage and retrieval systems.
10. No protruding fasteners.
11. Must be made of material that does not contaminate the product it carries.
12. Must meet or exceed current pallet resistance to fire.
13. Must be recyclable. Preferably made of recycled material.
14. Desired weight under 50 pounds.
15. Load capacities of 2,800 pounds. Capable of bearing 2,800-pound loads safely in stacks five loads high.
16. Repairs should be economically feasible.
17. Weather resistant.
18. Moisture resistant.
19. Capable of safely moving product, damage free, through the entire distribution channel with multiple cycles (from manufacturer through distributor to retail).
The exemplary pallet structure of the invention comprises two parts including a deck 4 and a base 6. Together the deck and the base form the GMA style pallet 8. The pallet structure 2 contains at least one identification device 10, for example a radio frequency identification device (RFID) 12 or a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device 14, although the one identification device may be any one of a tag, a capsule, a label, a printed circuit board (PCB), and the like that communicates wirelessly without limitation by employing antennas instead of cables. Preferably a first device 16 identifies the deck and a second device 18 identifies the base. Preferably each part (i.e. the deck and base) is given a unique identification, and this ID record is indicated by the two respective identification devices 16 and 18. The parts are combined to create one product 8. The one product is also given a unique identification distinct from the IDs of the associated parts. Therefore, the pallet 2 has a plurality of IDs, and in the present case three: a first ID for the deck, a second ID for the base and a third ID for the combination product.
The IDs of the exemplary pallet are characterized as first level IDs, second level IDs, third level IDs and so on. In the present case the two part IDs are level one IDs, and the one combination product ID is a level two ID. By way of example, a pallet, with ID number 1006, is associated with the combination of deck, with ID number 101, and base, with ID number 203. Unique pallet ID number 1006 expires when the association of ID numbers 101 and 203 ends. The association ends for example when the deck is reconfigured with a new base, providing a new (upgraded or customized) product. A new unique second level ID is given to the new combination product when the new association is made.
Preferably, both the first and second level IDs are evident in each identification device utilized in each part. In other words, each identification device contains code space for at least two IDs. However, when a product involves only one part the device can have a non-volatile memory or record, therefore getting by with only one unique ID. Such a case is only exemplary.
A pallet may also require a unique third level ID as discussed below. In one scenario the pallet is made by a first company and sold to a second company. The second company utilizes the pallet for internal use i.e. closed-loop purposes. The first company (i.e. the manufacturer) will have a permanent record of a production date, performance specification and material content in the unique first and second level IDs of the parts and product, respectively, sold to the second company. The second company (i.e. the end user) will know at least the second level ID for warranty purposes and the like should the second company return the pallet to the first company for recycling and the like. The second company will also have a dynamic record of the status associated with at least the second level ID or another third level ID if the second level ID is not interoperable within the end user's operating environment (in other words the end user may place another ID device inside the pallet, the second device operating in another mode or frequency band than the first). Therefore, the second company may use a third level ID to associate the pallet within its deployed track and trace system. In a second scenario the manufacturer sells the known parts and product to a second party that leases the product to third parties. A third party may require a unique third or fourth level ID to indicate a customized characteristic indicative of the product. For example, a third party may monitor external temperature to know the shipping status of a unit load. The information indicative of temperature is associated with a unique third or fourth level ID that is distinct from the first and second level IDs associated with the parts and pallet product. Hence, a pallet product may have a plurality of unique IDs.
Therefore, one now appreciates that a pallet must be configured to comply with the GMA performance specifications while at the same time interoperating within a variety of RF-rich environments.
For this purpose the exemplary pallet of
Although the deck and base can be constructed utilizing any combination of materials and formed using any forming technique, the preferred structure is primarily based upon differential pressure forming, which is some times known as thermoforming or vacuum forming. In the present case, the deck and base are thermoformed according to the triple sheet method, but twin sheet forming can be used with satisfaction. Both thermoforming arts are known in the patent record.
Triple sheet is preferred over twin sheet for several reasons, which would be known by referring to co-owned U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,749,418 and 6,718,888. Referring now to
The present embodiment of triple sheet deck is preferred because the added strength of the structure allows the thermoforming practitioner to utilize an all plastic material combination rather than two sheets of plastic plus captive cross-members that would be required to add strength to comply with specification 8 for rack strength. All plastic is preferred because some materials used to construct the cross members may block or interfere with the transmission of RF signals. The cross members also add cost and complexity to the making, maintenance and recycling of the pallet structure.
In the present exemplary case the middle sheet incorporates a series of angles 36 arranged in the 48 inch direction of the 48�40 inch deck, although the angles can be arranged in the 40 inch direction with satisfaction. The angles extend between and fuse to the top sheet and the bottom sheet in a repeating manner between the opposed sides 38 a and 38 b that are 40 inches apart, and thus maintain the top sheet and the bottom sheet a fixed distance apart (+/−1.5 inches). There may be as many as 80 angles or as few as 20 angles extending from side to side in a 48�40 inch pallet foot print. The angles are interrupted in nine locations 40 designated for leg pockets, although any number of leg pockets or parallel runners falls within the scope of the invention. The bottom sheet incorporates a series of rigidifying blocks 42 that are positioned in line 44 to restrict the angles from bending, like an accordion, when the structure is loaded. The blocks may be short or tall, extending less than or the full height of the angles. The blocks are further aligned as suggested in
Although angles 36 are preferred, any rigidifying methodology may be used with satisfaction. The angles are preferred because they are shown to provide the best strength characteristics, as would be known by referring to an article entitled "Plate-Stiffening" written by K. Lowenfeld, published in Der Maschinenmarkt (Wurzburg, Germany), which is incorporated hereunder by such reference.
The base is also constructed according to the triple sheet method, although twin sheet can be used satisfactorily. The base is joined to the deck at a leg interface 48 by a snap fit arrangement 50. The base includes 4 square cutouts 52 that are intended to accommodate the wheels of a pallet jack or the like, which move the pallet.
As indicated in
With respect to compartments 54 and 56, it will be appreciated that the compartments are situated in the location of the center region 58 of the pallet structures, although one or more compartments may be formed in another location 60 corresponding to any one of the nine legs (i.e. in any deep structures) of the exemplary pallet. Additionally, compartments may be formed in locations between the leg pockets, depending upon the preferences of the practitioner. For example, if the pallet embodiment is a nesting style pallet in which case the legs inter-nest for consolidated shipment and storage, the compartment can be incorporated on a top or bottom surface of such a pallet embodiment.
It will also be understood by those familiar with the art of thermoforming that the threaded aspects 62 of the compartments can only be provided through novel intervention as will be described in reference to an exemplary triple sheet molding methodology. With respect to the deck, it should be known that the preferred thermoforming arrangement is one in which the bottom sheet 28 is first formed over a first mold (and the second mold is used as a plug-assist to help form the exterior leg structure 64 of the deep leg pocket having an approximate +/−4:1 draw ratio). Next the middle sheet 26 is formed over a second mold having deep leg pocket portions (not shown) in order to allow the cantenary effect of the heated sheet 26 to benefit the forming thereof. After the first and second sheets are thermoformed they are brought together in a twin sheet phase and compressed together by opposed platens between the first and second molds to make a twin sheet sub-assembly (not shown). The twin sheet sub assembly is extracted from the sheet line when a lower platen carrying the first mold is lowered to make way for the third sheet that is thermoformed over a third mold suspended from a top platen in a position parallel and vertically aligned with the first platen. When the twin sheet sub assembly is in the extracted position a shuttle apparatus known in the art delivers an injection molded insert 66 to a selected location 68 and deposits the insert onto the middle sheet, where formed details 70 of the middle sheet retain the insert in a fixed location upon the twin sheet sub-assembly. (The insert is not limited in size in the 48 or 40 inch directions.) After the third sheet is thermoformed over the third mold the first platen extends upward into the sheet line where after the twin sheet sub-assembly is compressed against the third sheet between the first and third molds to form an instant triple sheet assembly 72. During the "triple sheet" phase the heated third sheet and heated second sheet are caused to fuse to the exterior surfaces 74 of the insert. The insert is thereby incorporated into the triple sheet assembly. After the triple sheet assembly is extracted from the thermoforming machine a trimming router or the like removes a section 76 of material of the third sheet to provide a compartment opening 78, thereby exposing threads 80 formed in the insert, which threads are adapted to receive a cover 82 as will be described later.
It should be noted that the exemplary insert can be incorporated into a triple sheet, twin sheet or single sheet article. Furthermore, the exemplary insert can be incorporated interiorly (as shown) or exteriorly, depending upon the preference of the practitioner. The insert can involve threads positioned annularly on an inside (as shown) or outside surface, and the threads can be substituted with any structure that will receive and retain with security a removable cover in place to enclose the compartment.
In the present exemplary pallet the compartment is formed in the center region of the pallet so that identification and other electronic devices situated within a respective compartment thereof are substantially equidistant from a device reader positioned adjacent the pallet, for example a hand held, portal or fork lift mounted reader Furthermore, the compartment is formed in the center region of the exemplary pallet because the deep leg pocket structure of the pallet affords more space for the compartment than would be the case if the compartment where located in a position between the leg pockets. GMA specifications call for a deck 4 thickness of 1.5 inches, a base thickness of 0.75 inches and an overall pallet height of 6 inches. This provides a fork lift opening 84 between the deck and base of 3.75 inches, allowing a maximum 0.250 inch for deflection to remain within GMA tolerance. Therefore, the deck and base structures of a GMA type pallet do not have the thickness to allow for a deep compartment. By developing a compartment in the legs of a pallet the compartment can be considerably larger allowing for the use of larger identification devices and even a plurality of devices, as will be described later.
Therefore the leg pockets are utilized to increase the size capacity of the compartment. In the present embodiment, the depth of the compartments 54 and 56 of the deck and base are 4 inches and 1.5 inches, respectively. A compartment formed otherwise in the platform section of the deck would be +/−1.25 inches in depth, and a compartment formed in the base would be +/−0.5 inches, while allowing for the thickness of the pallet material.
It is advantageous to provide a large compartment because there is a need to accommodate at least one large ID device plus other devices and sensors as will be described below.
Tags communicate with a reader through an antenna. Tags exist in all forms, shapes and sizes. A number of factors determines the form, shape and size of the antenna, whether it is a small (postage stamp) planar antenna, a small capsule or cylindrical antenna, a label antenna of any type, a printed circuit board, a formed (helical, notched) aerial antenna and the like, as well as passive, active or active/passive antenna. Any combination and variety of antenna, whether deposited on a carrier or formed from a conductor can be accommodated within the compartment. The antennas can also be orientated vertically, horizontally, or diagonally with respect to the reader's signal pattern, broadly interpreted.
Therefore, the compartment should be as large as possible to accommodate a wide range of antenna in a number of different orientations suitable for tag to reader data exchange.
For example, Ultra High Frequency (UHF) (e.g., 915 MHz, 2.45 GHz) electromagnetic tags are preferred in association with pallets because of their relatively long range abilities. Lower frequency (e.g., 125 kHz, 13.56 MHz) electrostatic tags are preferred for close range inventory or shelving applications requiring good signal carrier reflection. However, all frequency bands and modes of operation (i.e. electromagnetic, electrostatic, acoustic) are intended to be used by any possible identification device that may be located in the compartment in order to monitor the pallet and its unit load through all stages of the disparate supply chain.
Lower frequency antennas are comparably large in relation to UHF antennas. Low frequency tags are characterized by label style structures in which a low conductivity ink may be applied to a lower cost substrate to provide a planar antenna that is non-resonant. Such a tag antenna may, by way of example only, be 2�2 inches in size and less than 1/32 inches in cross section. Furthermore, when the low frequency tag antenna is increased in size the range typically increases. Therefore, the larger the compartment, the larger the antenna that can be protectively accommodated inside the pallet, and therefore the greater the tag read range. Increased read range is regarded as beneficial in most cases.
Furthermore, it is known that when the conventional antennas of the reader and the tag are perpendicular to the direction of the signal that there is more effective communication there between the two. Therefore, the tag antenna structures may preferably occupy designated space inside the compartment to facilitate a preferred reader to tag orientation. In association with this requirement, one low frequency tag may contain three antennas in three orientations, as will be discussed below.
As shown in
By way of further explanation, the antenna arrays 112 can be sub-divided further into discreet antenna structures such that the antenna structures on each surface can communicate within different frequency bands, such as with a dipole antenna wherein one pole 116 resonating at 915 MHz communicates with a first reader and a second pole 118 resonating at 2.45 GHz communicates with a second reader. In this fashion the tag can be developed to communicate with a plurality of readers distributed throughout the supply chain.
The identification device of
It may also be recognized that the first identification device may coexist with a second communication device. Hence the need for capacity in the size of the compartment. For example, futurists project a 10 percent improvement in world wide GDP as a consequence of the deployment of wireless communications involving RFID, sensors and actuators.
Therefore, whether the identification device uses band width in the 830 megahertz (cellular), 13.56 megahertz (RF), 1.6 gigahertz (GPS), 1.7-1.9 gigahertz (PCS), 2.4 gigahertz (Bluetooth), 5.8 gigahertz (IEEE802.1 standard for LAN) or surface acoustic wave (SAW), the antenna(s) thereof can be accommodated inside the compartment.
The prior art of RFID is indicated in
Accordingly, "next" generation systems of the inventions hereof are indicated, by way of example, in
The association of sensors with local and far range communicators is also contemplated in the present invention. For example, a second identification device 160 could be provided on a rigid circuit board 162, also comprising RF tags for conventional track and trace functionality, for far range wireless communication capability. In one setting a customized pallet is utilized in the storage and transportation of a hazardous material in a multi warehouse supply chain. Each customized pallet is adapted to comply with standards within the jurisdiction that relate to the safekeeping of the hazardous material, such that external environmental conditions, including high temperature exposure, although any external condition or indicator could be monitored, are recorded in real time, such that upon the occurrence of a catastrophic high heat event the second communication device 160 could send out a 911 emergency call to effect the implementation of an emergency protocol. Therefore, in one embodiment the pallet may include a thermo graphic sensor 164 in the base 6 to monitor temperature and upon detection of indications of high or low temperature outside a proscribed range, actuates a LAN communicator 166 in said base to transmit a signal to a LAN receiver 168 in the deck 2, wherein circuitry actuates a cellular communicator 170 to dispatch a 911 signal in association with a unique identification code to identify the pallet and its unit load along with external temperature conditions. Such a capability would improve the productivity of emergency responders and reduce the consequences of environmental damage and distress on a community in the event of hazardous material accidents.
In the present case the second communication device 160 is not developed to communicate with a host over the 2.4 GHz or the 5.8 GHz bands because of the intermediate read ranges of these frequencies (although in other embodiments of pallets more than one band may be utilized for local use, such as by fire and emergency respondents, who within range of 100 yards would be able to read "emergency instruction" signals emanating from the pallet over a Bluetooth hand held or on-board LAN vehicle communication system.) For Example, the pallet may be on the move from one plant to another and there would be a need to communicate instantaneously hundreds of miles in the event of an accident. To achieve this purpose the second identification device includes at least a second antenna, such an 830 megahertz helical coil antenna 172 operating in a cellular frequency band that can send a signal generated by the 911 protocol contained in the IC. The cellular communications components could exist within a separate module added to an identification device or could populate the circuit board along with other devices and modules of the identification device.
The cellular module 170 would be low cost. One must remember that there are 2.2 billion pallets in use in North America. The demand world wide for cellular enabled pallets could be in range of hundreds of millions, providing sufficiently large economies in scale to reduce the cost of simple cellular devices considerably. The embodied cellular module excludes at least one of a touch pad, a screen, a mouthpiece, a speaker, a camera, a vibrator, and a plastic housing which all add costs, and only includes a circuit board and at least one of a transmitting/receiving antenna (i.e. 172), a digital signal processor, a memory chip, a identification reader card, circuitry, and one of an internal or an external power supply. In deed, the cellular module would be disposable to extent that the value added benefits of remote data transfer would be captured by the cellular network host through the sale of used band width or the like over a period of use, as is the routine with cellular telephony. One would assume the cellular module would be given away to lock up the income stream that will result from a service contract involving the use of digital bandwidth.
Other devices that may populate the circuit board(s) in the respective compartments of a pallet are suggested in
Referring now to
Any combination of devices could be assembled to provide a pallet with a plurality of IDs and functional properties. A combination of devices can be situated in a plurality of compartments. From time to time the cover can be removed to access devices within a compartment so that the devices can be changed to customize a pallet for an intended application. In other cases the compartment is populated with plurality of devices that operate in multiple operating environments prevalent throughout the supply chain.
The inventions contemplate using the Internet for the sharing of data obtained from the devices. The Internet is also used to deliver data processed by a host to the devices. The Internet connection can be made remotely through an interrogator with a direct or indirect connection to the Internet or internally by one or more of communications devices located in the pallet.
All of the above U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheet, are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety.
From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except as by the appended claims.
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text: Charming updated 9th & 9th bungalow complete with Mother-In-Law Apartment! Come see this great open floor plan with updated kitchen overlooking your spacious living room with built in surround sound. Enjoy entertaining friends in your private backyard complete with a hot tub, and park your car in the newly refinished garage that has extra room for storage, or a shop. The basement apartment has a separate entrance, and has great income potential. Easy to show, call for an appointment today! more photos and info here View Larger MapCorey Lee Miner 801-326-8977 (office) 801-505-3004 (mobile) 801-326-8635 (efax) email@example.com www.homebuyergalaxy.com www.doerofall.com

subset: commoncrawl


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Social work in extremis
Lessons for social work internationally
Distributed for Policy Press at the University of Bristol
200 pages
What is the relationship between social work and the state? Who controls which services needs are addressed and how? This important book looks at social work responses in different countries to extreme social, economic and political situations in order to answer these questions. Examples include: war situations, military regimes, earthquakes and Tsunamis. The results show the innovative nature of grass-roots provision and social work intervention and will be of interest to all social work academics, students and professionals.
For more information, or to order this book, please visit http://www.press.uchicago.edu
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You may purchase this title at these fine bookstores. Outside the USA, see our international sales information.


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Citizens Wind develops wind energy projects throughout the United States and Canada which are: socially responsible, environmentally sensitive, and respectful of local communities.
Citizens Wind, established in 2003, develops a portfolio of wind energy projects throughout the United States and Canada. Our development activities are conducted in a socially responsible manner, with particular focus on environmental sensitivity and respect for the local communities where we operate.
Citizens Wind has successfully developed wind projects totaling 233 megawatts, and is currently developing an additional 1,000 megawatts of wind.
Our first project, a 34.5 MW facility in Munnsville, NY, was constructed and began commercial operation in October 2007. An additional 198 MW project that we developed, on Wolfe Island, Ontario, began construction in July 2008 and entered commercial operation in July 2009. In both cases, the successful development work of Citizens Wind continuously generates income for landowners, project owners, and power offtakers.
Citizens Wind develops wind energy projects throughout the United States and Canada.
Citizens Wind manages all aspects of the wind development process, including:
Contact Braden Houston at email@example.com for more information on Citizens Wind
Citizens Wind is a leading developer of projects in partnership with Native American Tribes and First Nations. Our projects in New England, the Midwest, and Quebec have the potential to generate more than 1,000 MW in the next three years, and several projects have the potential for expansion to more than two Gigawatts each.
Citizens Wind has a team of experienced wind power development professionals and an established network of top-tier wind industry consultants, equipment suppliers, and service providers. Through our established networks and partnerships, we provide access to critical equipment—such as wind turbines—as well as required investment capital. In all aspects of the development cycle, Citizens Wind has the expertise and experience necessary for successful development.
Citizens Wind has a team of experienced wind power development professionals and an established network of top-tier wind industry consultants, equipment suppliers, and service providers.
Munnsville, New York
The Munnsville Project, a joint venture between Citizens Energy and Airtricity, a wind development company based in Ireland, is a 34.5 MW wind power facility located in Madison County, New York. Working with local landowners and environmental consultants, Citizens Wind and Airtricity received a permit for the project in less than one year. The project received its environmental permit in June 2005 and began commercial operation in the fall of 2007.
Wolfe Island, Ontario
The Wolfe Island Wind Project, a 198 MW project located at the eastern end of Lake Erie in Ontario, Canada, marked Citizens Energy's entry into the Canadian market. Working with Canadian partners, Citizens Wind completed development of the project in 2008 and it began commercial operation in 2009.
Sioux Projects
Citizens Wind and the Sioux are working together to develop utility-scale wind projects on tribal lands in South Dakota. We are developing projects on two Sioux reservations -- Rosebud and Cheyenne River. In each location, the tribe is a partner in the venture and is involved in all of the project's decisions. Tribal wind development is a unique opportunity for the Sioux to achieve sustainable economic development, realize energy independence, and empower themselves to chart their own future. Citizens is looking forward to helping its Sioux partners to take advantage of their plentiful wind resources.
Cree Nation of Mistissini
Citizens Wind is working with the Cree Nation of Mistissini and Competitive Power Ventures to develop wind power projects on Mistissini lands. Mistissini lands cover millions of acres in northern Quebec, and our partnership has identified a number of prime opportunities. As part of Citizens Wind's commitment to working with the community during the development process, we have hired 15 Mistissini workers. Our first project will be a large scale wind farm within the traditional trapping lands of the Mistissini Cree.
Isla de Margarita, Venezuela
Citizens Wind has partnered with Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A., to begin developing a 30 MW solar project on an island off the coast of Venezuela. Today, most of Isla de Margarita's power is generated by burning diesel fuel that is shipped to the island. This wind project would dramatically reduce Margarita's oil consumption, lower energy costs, and improve air quality. Citizens is looking forward to bringing this project to fruition.
Penobscot Indian Nation, Maine
Citizens Wind has formed a partnership with the Penobscot Indian Nation to study the feasibility of building utility-scale wind projects on tribal trust land in western Maine. These projects would help the Penobscot Tribe develop economically while also helping the State of Maine fulfill its ambitious renewable energy goals. Citizens is working closely with the tribe and local communities to ensure that wind development respects tribal culture and history, has minimal environmental impact, and maximizes local economic benefits.
Braden Houston, Director of Project Development
Braden Houston is responsible for all of Citizens Wind's development activities. He is leading the development of Citizens Wind projects in both the US and Canada, as well as a feasibility review for a project in Venezuela. Mr. Houston has extensive experience with all aspects of the development cycle, including land acquisition, permitting, interconnection proceedings, power sales and construction. Prior to joining Citizens, Mr. Houston had spent over six years working in the renewable energy industry, including three years working with General Electric's wind energy division. Mr. Houston received an undergraduate degree from Bucknell University, a Masters degree from Colgate University and a MBA from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
Braden Houston at email@example.com


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Rx drug information, pharmaceutical research, clinical trials, news, and more
Gadolinium-based contrast agents increase the risk for NSF in patients with:
In these patients, avoid use of gadolinium-based contrast agents unless the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). NSF may result in fatal or debilitating systemic fibrosis affecting the skin, muscle, and internal organs. Screen all patients for renal dysfunction by obtaining a history and/or laboratory tests. When administering a gadolinium-based contrast agent, do not exceed the recommended dose and allow a sufficient period of time for elimination of the agent from the body prior to any readministration [ (See Warnings and Precautions ].
Anaphylactoid and anaphylactic reactions, with cardiovascular, respiratory and/or cutaneous manifestations, resulting in death have occurred. If such a reaction occurs, stop OMNISCAN Injection and immediately begin appropriate therapy. Observe patients closely, particularly those with a history of drug reactions, asthma, allergy or other hypersensitivity disorders, during and up to several hours after OMNISCAN Injection.
[ see BOXED WARNING ]
Gadolinium-based contrast agents increase the risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with acute or chronic severe renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73m2) and in patients with acute renal insufficiency of any severity due to the hepato-renal syndrome or in the perioperative liver transplantation period. In these patients, avoid use of gadolinium-based contrast agents unless the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrast enhanced MRI. For patients receiving hemodialysis, physicians may consider the prompt initiation of hemodialysis following the administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent in order to enhance the contrast agent's elimination. The usefulness of hemodialysis in the prevention of NSF is unknown.
Among the factors that may increase the risk for NSF are repeated or higher than recommended doses of a gadolinium-based contrast agent and the degree of renal function impairment at the time of exposure.
Post-marketing reports have identified the development of NSF following single and multiple administrations of gadolinium-based contrast agents. These reports have not always identified a specific agent. Where a specific agent was identified, the most commonly reported agent was gadodiamide (Omniscan™), followed by gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist®) and gadoversetamide (OptiMARK®). NSF has also developed following sequential administrations of gadodiamide with gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance®) or gadoteridol (ProHance®). The number of post-marketing reports is subject to change over time and may not reflect the true proportion of cases associated with any specific gadolinium-based contrast agent.
The extent of risk for NSF following exposure to any specific gadolinium-based contrast agent is unknown and may vary among the agents. Published reports are limited and predominantly estimate NSF risks with gadodiamide. In one retrospective study of 370 patients with severe renal insufficiency who received gadodiamide, the estimated risk for development of NSF was 4% (J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17:2359). The risk, if any, for the development of NSF among patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency or normal renal function is unknown.
Screen all patients for renal dysfunction by obtaining a history and/or laboratory tests. When administering a gadolinium-based contrast agent, do not exceed the recommended dose and allow a sufficient period of time for elimination of the agent prior to any readministration. [ See Clinical Pharmacology and Dosage and Administration (2) ].
In patients with renal insufficiency, acute renal failure requiring dialysis or worsening renal function have occurred, mostly within 48 hours of OMNISCAN Injection. The risk of renal failure may increase with increasing dose of gadolinium contrast. Use the lowest necessary dose of contrast and evaluate renal function in patients with renal insufficiency. Acute renal failure was observed in <1% of patients in OMNISCAN clinical studies [ see Adverse Reactions ].
OMNISCAN is cleared by glomerular filtration. Hemodialysis also enhances OMNISCAN clearance [ see Use in Specific Populations, ].
Inadvertent intrathecal use of OMNISCAN has occurred and caused convulsions, coma, sensory and motor neurologic deficits.
Paramagnetic contrast agents such as OMNISCAN might impair the visualization of lesions which are seen on the noncontrast MRI. This may be due to effects of the paramagnetic contrast agent, or imaging parameters. Exercise caution when OMNISCAN MRI scans are interpreted in the absence of a companion noncontrast MRI.
Asymptomatic, transitory changes in serum iron have been observed. The clinical significance is unknown.
OMNISCAN interferes with serum calcium measurements with some colorimetric (complexometric) methods commonly used in hospitals, resulting in serum calcium concentrations lower than the true values. In patients with normal renal function, this effect lasts for 12-24 hours. In patients with decreased renal function, the interference with calcium measurements is expected to last during the prolonged elimination of OMNISCAN. After patients receive OMNISCAN, careful attention should be used in selecting the type of method used to measure calcium.
OMNISCAN has been shown to have an adverse effect on embryo-fetal development in rabbits at dosages as low as 0.5 mmol/kg/day for 13 days during gestation (approximately 0.6 times the human dose based on a body surface area comparison). These adverse effects are observed as an increased incidence of flexed appendages and skeletal malformations which may be due to maternal toxicity since the body weight of the dams was reduced in response to OMNISCAN administration during pregnancy. In rat studies, fetal abnormalities were not observed at doses up to 2.5 mmol/kg/day for 10 days during gestation (1.3 times the maximum human dose based on a body surface area comparison); however, maternal toxicity was not achieved in these studies and a definitive conclusion about teratogenicity in rats at doses above 2.5 mmol/kg/day cannot be made. Adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women have not been conducted. OMNISCAN should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, exercise caution when administering OMNISCAN to a nursing woman.
The safety and efficacy of OMNISCAN at a single dose of 0.05 to 0.1 mmol/kg have been established in pediatric patients over 2 years of age based on adequate and well controlled studies of OMNISCAN in adults, a pediatric CNS imaging study, and safety data in the scientific literature. However, the safety and efficacy of doses greater than 0.1 mmol/kg and of repeated doses have not been studied in pediatric patients.
Pharmacokinetics of OMNISCAN have not been studied in pediatrics. The glomerular filtration rate of neonates and infants is much lower than that of adults. The pharmacokinetics volume of distribution is also different. Therefore, the optimal dosing regimen and imaging times in patients under 2 years of age have not been established.
In clinical studies of OMNISCAN, 243 patients were between 65 and 80 years of age while 15 were over 80. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in response between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
OMNISCAN is substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to OMNISCAN may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. [ see Warnings and Precautions ] Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to assess renal function before OMNISCAN use.
Dose adjustments in renal or hepatic impairment have not been studied. Caution should be exercised in patients with impaired renal insufficiency [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3) ].
All Rights reserved - Copyright DrugLib.com, 2006-2015


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We are lucky to have the Bebe au Lait offices in Los Gatos. We are five minutes from home, the girls school, a great coffee shop (Coffee Roasting) and just about everything else. Our staff love that they can pull on their running shoes during their lunch break and head over to Vasona Park which is just 2 mintues walk away. We are surrounded by big old oaks and blossoming trees. We even have our very own pond…actually it looks more like a swamp right now, which might explain the lack of ducks, but it's difficult not to be inspired around here.
Yesterday, I clipped some of the blossoms, took them home and put them in a really tall vase. – now that is the sort of work I love to take home!
The opinions expressed by the Bébé au Lait Bloggers and those providing comments are theirs alone, and do not reflect the opinions of Bebe au Lait or any employee thereof. Bébé au Lait is not responsible for the accuracy of any of the information supplied by the Bébé au Lait Bloggers.


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From the Marmotte Cyclosportive to the Etape to various Italian Gran Fondos, we currently have over 15 European road cycling events in our Reconnaissance DVD line-up.
Our Recon DVDs go beyond simply showcasing the route. We add a little bit of entertainment, travel logistics, ride, gear, training and nutrition advice to each film. This makes our DVDs different to other cycling DVDs.
Enjoy our films either on the turbo trainer or simply watch them from your couch and let us entertain and inspire you to get outside and ride!
Cyclefilm is not associated with the L'Étape du Tour organization and its sponsors. Our aim is to issue independent training and route advice to help cyclists better prepare for this event.
The L'Etape was first held in 1993, and now organised by the Amaury Sport Organisation in conjunction with MondoVelo and TREK, it takes place each July. In 2007, Cyclefilm started producing the L'Etape Recon film and ride guide series.
The ultimate cycling guide and event preview series delivering all of the information you need to stay motivated throughout the year as you count the days down to your 'big ride!'
'The Trilogy' is a must have (legal) performance enhancer for every cyclist eager to ride and conquer some of the greatest and most challenging roads in France, Italy and Spain.
BUY DVDS FROM THE SHOPor click links below for more information
Etape 2011 – Two Roads to Glory
Etape 2010 – The Road to Tourmalet
Etape 2009 – The Road to Mt.Ventoux
Etape 2008 – The Road to Hautacam
Etape 2007 – The Road to Loudenvielle
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Vol.1 – Maratona dles Dolomites (Italy)Vol.2 – Quebrantahuesos (Spain)Vol.3 – La Marmotte (France)
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The Italian Job - Part 1The Italian Job - Part 2The Italian Job - Part 3The Italian Job - Part 4The Italian Job - Part 5The Italian Job - Part 6
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International Face Off: Nutella
Have you ever noticed how some products that we have at home just seem to taste better abroad? Cadbury chocolate, Fage Greek yogurt, and Coca-Cola all taste better overseas or simply below the border. For me, this question becomes most pressing regarding Nutella, the Italian chocolate-hazelnut spread that is akin to my personal crack. More


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Please use the Filter Publications tool to the right to browse and locate book titles and descriptions. In addition to a Title/Keyword search, books can be viewed by Category, Date Published, and Author/Editor. Results will display below. Click Reset to start a new search.
Over the last thirty years, ARCE has published more than forty catalogues, conference proceedings, bibliographies, anthologies, excavation reports, and critical editions. The publications attest to the range of scholarship undertaken by scholars and institutions in Egypt under ARCE's auspices, and to the wealth of the nation's artistic, architectural, scientific, literary, and religious culture.
A Focus on Conservation
During the past fifteen years, ARCE has undertaken an extraordinary new mission to preserve the cultural heritage of Egypt. With generous grants from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), more that fifty conservation projects have been completed, spanning many time periods and geographic regions within Egypt. Documentation and publication of these valuable projects are an ongoing priority.
In 2002 Yale University Press produced the first of these publications. Monastic Visions: Wall Paintings in the Monastery of St. Antony at the Red Sea by Elizabeth Bolman, documents and studies the extraordinary Coptic art revealed during conservation activity at the monastery. A follow-on volume, The Cave Church of Paul the Hermit at the Monastery of St. Paul in Egypt by William Lyster continues the scholarly exploration of the early Christian monastic community and the artwork it produced. This latest book was released in 2008 by Yale University Press.
The American University in Cairo Press' ARCE Conservation Series presents other dramatic ARCE conservation activities. The series began with The Monuments of Historic Cairo by Nicholas Warner published in 2005. Volume 2, Quseir: An Ottoman and Napoleonic Fortress on the Red Sea Coast of Egypt by Charles Le Quesne, and Volume 3, Villa of the Birds: the Excavation and Preservation of the Kom al-Dikka Mosaics by Wojciech Kolataj, Grzegorz Majcherek, and Ewa Parandowska are available from AUC Press. Volume 4, Babylon of Egypt: The Archaeology of Old Cairo and the Origins of the City, by Peter Sheehan, was released in October 2010.
For those readers interested in a comprehensive overview of the many ARCE conservation projects within one volume, ARCE has published Preserving Egypt's Cultural Heritage, edited by Randi Danforth. This large and sumptuously illustrated publication is available now. Purchase the book>>
The International Council of Museums, in an effort to fight against illicit traffic in cultural goods, compiles the Emergency Red List of Egyptian Cultural Objects at Risk. This list aims to help art and heritage professionals and law enforcement officials identify Egyptian objects that are protected by national and international legislations. View the Red List for Egypt.
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Miami Law's Professional Responsibility and Ethics Program completed the spring semester with a CLE ethics training session for the Cuban American Bar Association. Under the supervision of the program's director, Jan L. Jacobowitz, third-year law students Courtney Daniels, Daniela Torrealba and Charlie Muniz addressed ethical issues faced by lawyers in a technologically advanced age.
The students presented a hypothetical scenario to discuss the ethical implications of the use of a social network site to obtain case-breaking information, using advertising such as Groupon to advertise their services, and the ethical duties imposed on attorneys when they offer limited-scope representation, sometimes referred to as "un-bundled" services.
"Presenting for CABA was an amazing experience," Daniels said, reflecting on the training. "The attorneys were very engaged and had great insight into the practical issues that social media and limited representation create. One of the great things about the PREP program is that the presentations allow students to learn about ethical issues from an academic and a practical perspective."
Muniz also weighed in. "Social media issues always seem to provoke dynamic conversations, and given the recent development in these cutting-edge controversies, it was fascinating to discuss the attorney's encounters with these problems in the field," he said.
The Professional Responsibility and Ethics Program develops and presents continuing legal education ethics training for the South Florida legal community, and has educated thousands of members of the Florida Bench and Bar. The experience serves as a great opportunity for students to learn about ethical issues and, through their presentations, facilitate discussion within the legal community.
Need assistance with contacting our world-renowned scholars and former practitioners for commentary? Click here for more information.
View photos of the Miami Law campus, students, events, faculty and many more in our Flickr photo gallery.
View our Miami Law YouTube channel featuring videos covering academics, student life and news from the University of Miami School of Law.


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May 05 2011
Web Deliciousness: Cinco de Mayo
Happy Cinco de Mayo, everyone! If you're a lover of good Mexican food (who isn't a fan of Mexican food?) and love to jump in and celebrate this day with plenty of festive grub, you're about to see some of the most delicious Cinco de Mayo-friendly dishes on the internet.
Honestly. Brace yourself.
Blood Orange Margarita by White on Rice Couple. How gorgeous are these? I want.
Roasted Jalapeno Tomato Salsa Baked Goat Cheese by Chaos in the Kitchen. I love goat cheese, and I would dive into this with great enthusiasm.
Crunchy Mexican Salad Nachos by Drizzle and Dip. This looks so refreshing and light. Love it!
Holy Guacamole by Joylicious. I had some fantastic guacamole at a restaurant last night, and this looks even better. Chunky, simple, and divine.
Restaurant Style Carne Asada Soft Tacos with Guacamole and Corn by Picky Palate. Jenny, you never disappoint. I love everything about these. The steak looks divine.
Mexican Braised Beef Tacos by Kitchen Konfidence. Mmmm. Love the greens on top.
Creamy Baked Chicken Taquitos prepared by Pink Parsley, adapted from an original recipe by Our Best Bites.
My family loves taquitos. Making these soon!
Mexican Chicken and Rice Bake by Sugarcrafter. Oh, does this look good. Comfort food!
Smoky Pork Tinga Tacos by Smells Like Home. Again: divine.
Fry Bread Taco with Mexican Spicy Meatballs by Anhs Food Blog. Fry bread tacos are big in my neck of the woods. These look fantastic!
Beef Enchiladas with Chipotle-Pasilla Chili Gravy by Homesick Texan. Oh, Lisa. Oh, Lisa, Lisa, Lisa. Yum.
Shredded Beef Tacos by Mangio da Sola. I love Memoria's recipes! These look delicious.
Green Mango Margarita Sorbet by Ivory Hut. So refreshing after all this savory food. Yum.
Mexican Wedding Cakes by Shared Sugar. I'll take seven, please. Okay, fine: eight.
Sopapillas from Tara Cooks. These look yummy. Sopapillas make me feel good inside, and I love that these are coated in cinnamon sugar.
Buñuelos (Mexican Fritters) by Muy Bueno Cookbook. These look so crisp and lovely.
Margarita Cupcakes by Confections of a Foodie Bride. Oh, my. How scrumptious!
Tres Leches by Delicious Shots. My favorite dessert, prepared oh so beautifully.
Have a wonderful, festive day, everyone!
121 Comments and 18 Replies
Stephanie Dasher On Thursday, May 5 at 10:44 pm
Ok, for a second I didn't realize that was from Web Deliciousness and I was like, "Someone made all this for one meal?" haha…..illiteracy runs in my family I guess. J/k
D'Ann On Thursday, May 5 at 11:09 pm
Mmmmm. We're having Mexican food this weekend. My fave!!
Lauren On Friday, May 6 at 12:21 am
Next time you're in NYC, go to Rosa Mexicano (there are 3 in the city – I live a couple of blocks from the Union Square location and have only been to that one). They make a table side guacamole that is UNREAL. It's literally the best guacamole I've ever had. They're famous for it. Looks like they have locations in NJ, DC, Baltimore, Atlanta, Los Angeles, Miami, and South Beach too.
www.taracooks.com On Friday, May 6 at 6:34 am
Hi Ree! Thanks for featuring Sopapillas along with all those other lip-smacking recipes. Everything I made for Cinco de Mayo came from Tasty Kitchen. And it didn't forget Ree's Restaurant Style Salsa! It's the BEST!
ErinG On Friday, May 6 at 9:04 am
We actually made your recipe for salsa for Cinco de Mayo which made my kids VERY happy!
THE BASICS Magazine On Friday, May 6 at 10:31 am
The margarita look "delicioso y estoy listo ahora para celebrar"
Georgia @ The Comfort of Cooking On Friday, May 6 at 10:34 am
These all look so delicious! The holiday may be over, but now I'm craving tacos and margarita cupcakes again! Thanks for sharing, Ree.
PauLatina On Friday, May 6 at 11:07 am
God bless you! You never fail me pioneer woman… thank you!
Hilary On Friday, May 6 at 12:45 pm
Oh man! I sadly didn't get to making any Meixcan deliciousness yesterday….this is making me regret it even more!
Jan On Friday, May 6 at 1:20 pm
Since I've been harping about bunuelos all week on fb & twitter I decided to tell you I made these from Muy Bueno for Cinco de Mayo last night and they were fabulous…of course, I couldn't find my rolling pin. But just fyi: a floured wine bottle works like a charm! And my husband LoVed the bunuelos with ice cream & a dab of honey. Thanks for finding this recipe!
Yvette On Friday, May 6 at 1:34 pm
Thank you so much for sharing our buñuelo recipe with your fans. We appreciate it with ALL our heart!
The roundup of recipes is spectacular and we are honored to be in the company of such fantastic bloggers!
The trio over at Muy Bueno
Yvette, Veronica, y Vangie
ZogWee On Friday, May 6 at 1:36 pm
Oh wow, this looks totally amazing dude. Wow.
Debora On Friday, May 6 at 2:07 pm
wow!!! I'm hungry!!!
Doreen @ Redesign by Grace On Friday, May 6 at 5:20 pm
I could just live on tacos – so I'm happy to see so many variations. The margarita cupcakes look really good!
Dana On Saturday, May 7 at 11:34 am
WOW! Everything looks sooooo delicious! Now I must leave work and get to cooking!
ot-mom On Saturday, May 7 at 8:13 pm
amazing! the salsa is amazing.
Elizabeth C. Alley On Sunday, May 8 at 1:25 pm
I made your brother Tim's Tacos for myself and my friends on Cinco de Mayo! They were a huge hit, thanks for the recipe!!
Shawnda On Sunday, May 8 at 10:40 pm
Thanks for including our cupcakes in your roundup!
Anne On Wednesday, May 11 at 2:00 am
Wow, soo yummy! I just love Mexican food, it's my favorite. Germany needs more Mexican food, it's incredible hard to find proper ingredients or even Mexian restaurants. I just miss it.
rosetta stone discount On Sunday, May 15 at 9:17 pm
Excellent! Thank you for sharing these valuable experience with us. What you have displayed really helped us a lot!
Jill G On Tuesday, May 17 at 12:05 am
It's fate..it's my mom's birthday weekend and since my sweet sweet baby was born we haven't been able to spend much quality time together. We love to cook, laugh, NOT WEAR SPANX together.


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All USF students who are currently
registered for on-campus classes are eligible to use the Koret Center
by presenting their USF ID at the front desk.Summer Session A facility use fee must be
paid by continuing students who are not enrolled in on-campus summer
classes. Payment of the appropriate fee at the Koret Center is required
for summer access. Continuing students are eligible for the student
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Connect to this Database
Researchers looking for current California and U.S. data as well as indexes and full-text of recent research and other publications from leading California public policy and research institutions.
This database contains information on California and U.S. public policy issues. The database is divided into three primary sections: 1) California Statistics, also called Databases; 2) Online Library; and 3) What's New. You may also search the entire database and some archived reports.
Coverage varies but mostly includes recent data or publications.
Yes. To access a paper available full-text in the Online Library, go to the URL link at the end of the bibliographic citation. The papers are often available online full-text even though a purchase price may be listed for a paper copy.


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Research impact - Designing nature reserve networks27 July 2015
A case study submitted to the Research Excellence Framework 2014 demonstrating the impact of the University's research.
Honorary degrees awarded as Kent celebrates 50th6 July 2015
Artist Humphrey Ocean is among those to receive honorary degrees from the University in ceremonies during July at Canterbury and Rochester cathedrals.
Treatment for firesetters is effective, research shows30 July 2015
Research from psychologists shows that male firesetting prisoners can be effectively treated with a pioneering treatment.
Chimpanzees may 'detox' tannins in their diet using clay30 July 2015
Wild chimpanzees in Uganda may supplement the minerals in their diet by eating aluminium-rich clay, new research from a University anthropologist shows.
Research could play major role in curbing illegal ivory sales29 July 2015
A new automated data mining system researched at the University could lead to the detection of potentially illegal eBay sales of elephant ivory.
Enhance your workplace skills at Kent29 July 2015
The University offers postgraduate study that enhances professional skills, while fitting in with commitments outside the workplace.
University optical research presented at Parliament27 July 2015
Pioneering optics research by University scientists has formed part of a presentation at the Houses of Parliament.
Artist shortlisted for prestigious film award27 July 2015
Adam Chodzko, Senior Lecturer in Fine Art, is one of six film-makers and directors shortlisted for the prestigious Jarman Film Award.


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- Black
- AM/FM stereo and shortwave bands
- Analog tuner with digital display
- Digital display shows frequency, time and alarm activation
- Clock and alarm function
- 3.5mm headphone output
- Telescopic antenna for FM and SW reception
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- Power source: 2 AAA batteries (not included) and DC input (5V)
- Includes: owner's manual, warranty card, carrying case and earphones
*Items shipped from our warehouse to stores in Alaska and Hawaii will receive a 70% shipping discount.
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What people are saying
Reviewed by 1 customer
- Easy to Use
- Style Is Nic
- Volumn Needs Improvement
- Difficult To Hear
- Ear Phones Needed
- Unreliable
Best Uses
- Indoor
Comments about GRUNDIG 1016551 Grundig Black Shortwave Radio (NGM400B):
This was a gift to my wife. She loves listening to the radio when working around the house and yard. But, I was unaware the sound is so hard to hear that she has to hold the radio to her ear or use the ear jacks in order to hear any station. She is very disappointed in this radio even though its design is very nice and possibly would be fine for someone younger whose hearing is still good.
- Primary use:
- Personal


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Mail Crane
6-22438 | Price: $29.99
The Mail Crane holds the day's post ready to be snatched by a passing Railway Post Office car. Our mail crane is non-operating but a detailed, scale-sized replica that will look perfect trackside.
- Removable Bag
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Gauge: Standard O Scale
Dimensions: Base 2.5" x .5" Height 3.5"
Lionel Signature Edition Volume One 2010


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Paul Quinn College Extends Scholarships to 55 California Students
July 23, 2015
The end of summer is near and students are preparing to ship off to college. 55 students from sunny California will soon prepare to become a part of the freshman class at Paul Quinn College, a private HBCU in Dallas, Texas, on August 2. ...
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Inglewood Mayor James T. Butts Jr., Leading the city into a Better Tomorrow
July 23, 2015
Inglewood mayor James T. Butts Jr., discusses city project updates and the State of the city Adrdress ...
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Board of Equalization Will Accept Cash Payments from Medical Cannabis Business Operators
July 22, 2015
Medical cannabis business owners may pay their tax liability to the California State Board of Equalization (BOE) in cash, simply by securing a seller's permit from the Board of Equalization (BOE) and submitting a written request. ...
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National Commission on Hunger Faces Uphill Challenge
July 22, 2015
Feeding the nation's increased numbers of hungry citizens has become an uphill challenge for local and national organizations alike. ...
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Unemployment Drops in Los Angeles
July 22, 2015
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Los Angeles County dropped to 7.4 percent in June, down from 7.6 percent the previous month, the state Employment Development Department reported. ...
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St. Francis, St. Vincent among Six Hospitals Sold
July 22, 2015
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Councilman Curren D Price, Jr. Present 20th Annual Central Avenue Jazz Festival
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City Commission Signs Off on Uber, Lyft/ LAX Agreement
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L.A. River Restoration Project Gets $1.3 Billion
July 22, 2015
A $1.3 billion plan to restore a portion of the Los Angeles River cleared a key hurdle last Thursday, that will allow federal engineers to request funding from Congress, Mayor Eric Garcetti announced. ...
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Compton Unified School District: Back-to-School Vaccinations – What Parents Need to Know
July 22, 2015
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Like Father, Like Son
July 22, 2015
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Metrolink Installs Safety Feature In Light of 2008 Tragedy
July 22, 2015
A safety feature that automatically slows or halts a commuter train before it collides with another is in place on all 341 miles of Metrolink tracks, Sen. Barbara Boxer and train agency officials announced last week. Positive Train Control, or PTC, uses GPS to avert train collisions. The technology also may be used to keep trains from going at unsafe speeds or from moving onto the wrong tracks. The system was installed in response to a 2008 collision between a Metrolink train and a Union Pacific freight train, resulting in 25 deaths and 135 people injured. ...
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Mayor Aja Brown: Restoring Hope and Making Compton Thrive
July 16, 2015
Hundreds of Compton political, community and business leaders piled into the newly opened Dollarhide Senior Center Friday night to hear Mayor Aja Brown deliver the first State of The City Message in over 20 years ...
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Two South L.A. Churches Catch Fire
July 16, 2015
Two churches, one in South Los Angeles and a second nearby in the unincorporated Florence-Graham area of Los Angeles County, caught fire early morning on July 9, and authorities said the first blaze was arson. ...
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Hermosa Beach Mayor Resigns Abruptly to Challenge Isadore Hall for Congressional Seat
July 16, 2015
On Tuesday, June 23rd Nanette Barragan the newly appointed Mayor of Hermosa Beach shocked many in the audience by announcing her very early resignation of the position and also was resigning from her position on the City Council at the end of the month. At the time of this resignation, she will have only been Mayor for a total of five weeks. On top of that, she is bailing out of her post as Councilwoman a full two years before her term ends in 2017. ...
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Posted 11 Aug 2011
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On the website i read that it is possible to add elements to the propertygrid, but i cannot figure out how to do this. Can anybody show me how to do this. I want to be able to create groups and add elements by clicking a button.
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It may be disheartening that there seem to be so many obstacles in your path but they are there for a reason: to encourage you to try even harder. Look at your life as if it is some kind of challenge – and the coming year will be a time of triumphs.
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Sorry there are no shows for Marcus Nasty, Shiverz, DJ Pressure, Logic right now.
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Cab drivers in the Quad Cities are on high alert after one of their own was stabbed multiple times and robbed Friday, April 25, 2014.
"That could have been me," said David Dang, cab driver and owner of Dana's Cab in Davenport.
Dang is a soft spoken man of many traits. He's a business owner, cab driver, tax preparer, Vietnamese translator, and a salesman, but he doesn't let his busy life get the better of him.
"I'm a nice, decent guy," Dang said.
Sometimes, Dang says he has to put on a "tough guy" demeanor to protect himself when he is driving his cab, but that's not the only thing protecting him.
"I have cameras in the vehicle. That's to protect my passengers and myself," Dang said, pointing to the sticker of a camera sealed to his cab's window.
Dang says even though he lets his passengers know about the camera, he is still put in threatening situations.
Saturday, April 26, 2014, Dang told News 8 that one of the passengers in his cab said, "Hey, don't let the driver go anywhere, we might jump him later."
"It makes you uncomfortable," Dang said.
There's been times Dang says he has reconsidered driving a cab, and after the heinous crime on Friday, that thought lingers in Dang's mind.


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- Books → Practical art → Craft
1980s Bumper Activity Book
52 Grown Up Projects that Look Back to the Future
written by Mel Elliot
Portico | ISBN 9781907554797
Paperback – 144 pages
Member's price: $18.00
Usually ships within 2–11 business days.
The 1980s Bumper Activity Book is a brilliantly unique art and craft book for all those '80s-obsessed people in the world.And last time we checked there were absolutely millions of them! Stuffed to the gills with hugely quirky and fun things to do, the 1980s Bumper Activity Book contains easy peasy instructions to creating and making your own favourite art and design projects. Packed within its glorious technicolour pages are 52 awesome things to create, including: paper dolls of iconic 1980s celebrities; WHAM! glove puppets; funky ties and T-shirts; a 'Pong' duvet cover; 3D glasses ...and even how to bake your very own 'Pac Man' cake! So, don't be a dipstick, step back in time to the decade no one wants to forget with the best 1980s Bumper Activity Book in the world ...EVER! Word count: 15,000