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Great article. A small comment regarding incoming calls: Once the call is incoming your internet connection is actually interrupted once you start receiving the call even before you choose to pick it up. The only thing you can do at that point is ignore the call as quickly as possible. I've had this happen to me numerous times when using my phone as a mobile hotspot (Very very annoying).
Verizon and Sprint iPhone 4S and the limitations of CDMA
iPhone 4S is the first iPhone to have both Verizon and Sprint CDMA versions available alongside the AT&T GSM version. CDMA is famous for its rock solid reliability and call quality and now that iPhone 4S is a world phone, it can even roam on international GSM network. However, CDMA brings with it some downsides as well, including lack of simultaneous voice and data over 3G, subtle quirks to SMS, and greatly reduced conference call options.
None of these are unique to iPhone 4S on Verizon or Sprint, but they're something to keep in mind if you're thinking of switching to one of those networks now that they have iPhone 4S.
So here's the deal.
There are some great advantages to CDMA. It tends to need less towers to cover greater areas so CDMA networks typically have better reception in more places. This also means they tend to sound better, more often for voice calls. If you use your iPhone as a phone -- who knew? -- and that's the most important thing to you, or if Verizon or Sprint provide the only reliable coverage in your area, than case closed.
If cost is a factor, well we've already put together that breakdown for you.
But if you want to know what you're getting into when it comes to the data and conference calling tradeoffs, there are several things to consider.
Note: We'll be using a lot of tech terms, so see our wireless networking guide for more on what all these acronyms mean.
Slower 3G data
iPhone 4S on AT&T and other GSM networks supports 14.4 Mbps HSPA+ download speeds. Depending on where you live, you may never get anywhere near that speed in the real world, but the potential is there.
By contrast, while CDMA-2000 give Verizon and Sprint great voice, their EV-DO rev A 3G data speeds are theoretically limited to about 3.1 Mbps.
No simultaneous voice and data
Verizon and Sprint's EV-DO Rev. A network does not support simultaneous voice and data the way HSPA and HSPA+ does for AT&T (and other GSM carriers).
That means if a call comes in while you're using 3G data -- surfing the web, Skyping, sharing your connection via personal hotspot -- you can either ignore the call and continue using 3G data, or answer the call and effectively put your 3G data connection on "pause". If you're on a call you won't receive email or push notifications and if you try to surf the web or download an app you'll be informed you're not connected to the 3G network. Once the call ends, 3G data reconnects and you can start using the internet again.
If you're on Wi-Fi as opposed to 3G data you can make calls and use data without a problem. It's only 3G data that cuts out during calls.
Verizon and Sprint have chosen not to roll out EV-DO Rev. B, which does support simultaneous data in favor of more quickly deploying a 4G LTE network (currently a hybrid CDMA-voice with LTE-data network, in the future a Voice over LTE network) and WiMax with LTE to follow, respectively. There are some phones that support Voice over Rev A (VoRA) aka SVDO which will allow for simultaneous voice and data on CDMA/EV-DO phones, but not the Verizon or Sprint iPhone. (See The Cell Phone Junky for more on the technology.)
SMS/Text splitting
SMS/Text messages are limited to 160 characters. On many phones, if a message exceeds 160 characters, the OS will be able to put it back together and still show it as a single message to both the sender and receiver.
On CDMA networks this doesnOn Verizon once an SMS hits 160 characters, any additional text is split off into a second message, after 320, a third message, etc. The same content is still delivered, it's just not presented as nicely. (In some cases the message parts might even appear out of order which is even more annoying.) Some users claim to seldom if ever experience this problem in the real world, others say it happens often enough to annoy them.
Limited conference calling
Verizon and Sprint's CDMA networks only supports "3 way calling" so you can only enter into a conference call with up to 2 other people (3 including yourself) at the same time. It doesn't matter if iPhone can handle more, CSMA networks and hence the Verizon and Sprint iPhone is limited to 3-way calling.
Likewise, handling conference calls is also more challenging on the CDMA iPhones since you can't take one party "private" or hang up on one caller while keeping the other active. You can only hang up on all of them at once.
Apple provides the following diagram in their knowledge base:
The network
So yes, overall there are a lot of limitations to the way CDMA handles voice. However, if Verizon or Sprint has great coverage in your area, you're on Wi-Fi when you want to talk and surf, split SMS/Text messages rarely happen or don't bother you, and agile conference calling isn't a must-have business feature for your iPhone, you may not care.
Otherwise it's a compromise. Decide what's most important to you and which carrier best provides it. If anything is a deal-breaker, then that makes your choice much simpler.
For more information and help check out our iPhone 4S Forum.
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
Verizon and Sprint iPhone 4S and the limitations of CDMA
My concern is the speed if Sprint's 3G. I'm coming from Tmobile's HSPA+ Even though my current phone is capable of 14.4 mbps, I usually see 2-3 mbps.
As long as webpages load quickly and I can watch the occasional video without buffering interruption, the actual speed doesn't matter to me.
The SMS/texting split is completely not true for GSM! I know many people with the AT&T iPhone and I get split messages with my Verizon iPhone if they send more than 160 characters! And if it is Verizon to Verizon texting if I use 1000 characters it will show up as one text. Get your facts straight. Besides that virtually everyone I know is a Verizon Wireless customer so I don't deal with these split messages.
I have a VZW Android phone and don't receive split messages from any carrier. I have noticed that I get a lot of repeat SMS from iPhone users on any network. 2 sometimes 3 times that ill repetitively receive the same message. They tell me its because of Android but it only happens on SMS from iPhone users.
Also usually when I do get a long txt message it defaults to an MMS instead of the 160 character limit it grooves on up to 1000.
Ha! So that's why text messages from my aunt's Verizon phone come as like six messages. My phone beeped six times in a row the other day and I thought it was spazzing out. Nope, just a long text that got split up.
This is a limitation of the actual phone(s) and not the network. The HTC Thunderbolt can Talk AND surf at the same time, while only being on 3G.
It actually is a limitation of the network, which is why the Thunderbolt is the only handset that supports it. It's also a contributing factor to the Thunderbolt's thickness, it has dual CDMA radios to make that a possibility, which is absurd to include to work around a networks inability.
iphone should feel shame for that
No shit. I've got to keep ATTWS since they're the only carrier that covers my entire family where they live. I wish ATTWS would figure out how to load-balance their WCDMA network where they have dual frequencies - if I'm in one of their new areas (850) or old coverage areas (1900), it's all good, but if I'm in Seattle or Portland with both WCDMA networks it's (s)hit-n-miss for calls (but data rates are blazing!)!
Yup its got an SVDA VoRA CDMA radio. Not two CDMA radios.. it's thickness is contributed to having that radio and the 4G LTE radio.
The thunderbolt isn't obnoxiously thick IMO and I do not own a thunderbolt, I did but it was a POS at launch so i got rid of it, but if Verizon or anyone else really cared, it is possible to Talk + Surf on the Verizon Network.
Rene, your section on SMS is incorrect. SMS to another phone on the same carrier will piece the multiple messages together. SMS to a different carrier will not, including one GSM carrier to another GSM carrier. There is no difference here between GSM and CDMA.
Furthermore, simultaneous data and voice is no longer a limitation of Verizon EVDO Rev. A. It's now squarely on phone makers to use capable chipsets, just as it is up to a phone maker to include a HSPA+ chipset if desired.
None of these affect me and being on the better network does. Would never consider leaving for AT&T. It's interesting to see what the real world HSPA+ speeds will be. Even if Rev. A gets "3.1 Mbps", I never see over 1.5. But I am not dismayed at all by this, I am just happy to have a data connection.
I already liked this comment, but I don't think that's sufficient. You are so right. I HATE when people routinely send novels over SMS.
You wanna know why ? Because people don't have time to log into their emails and type a damn email, also they want a faster reply, they don't wanna have to wait for an email. With text you get replies instantly.
Not really... using email isn't just about yourself. The person you are emailing has to be on board too.
Not really you wont have fast data connection everywhere so it would really be a pain in the ass to have to wait while logging into your email or actually waiting and not to mention most of these carriers dont allow unlimited data anymore so in retrospect text would be the easier way to go because it doesnt use data you'll always get instant replies.
And people who are on a CDMA network would say something like this.
pretty much
I don't have AT&T 3G in my area or on the transits that I use (Often). Verizon 3G covers me where ever I go. I'm sure in a year or two Verizon's 4G LTE is going to cover more areas than AT&T's 3G (forget their 4G LTE, it'll take 20 years for them to make an LTE network that covers equal to Verizon's LTE & even after 20 years they'll be running their GSM-EDGE network !). Even when I try to use AT&T's GSM-EDGE in my basement, calls drop, left & right. Verizon is for those people who really want a reliable phone.
You guys are all missing the fact that any Wimax Sprint phone has had simultaneous voice and data since they came out. And, really how many of you ACTUALLY need simultaneous voice/data that don't also have access to a seperate device like an iPad, Android Tablet, or Laptop? So much focus on a feature less than 1% of users use less than 1% of the time.
I agree that simultaneous voice and data is overrated, but the Wimax argument is moot, since the iPhone won't support it. Personally, I don't care, since I live in Santa Monica, and can only get Wimax reception when I'm further inland. The lack of "4G" (Wimax) speeds will be a bigger problem for most people coming from another phone than voice/data multitasking.
THANK YOU! i've been saying this all along on the forums, but my threads get deleted
kch50428 is the first to flame me when i do
This is a great article not just for iPhone users, or GSM/CDMA pros and cons. But a good description of how really networks work around. What i've seen in over a month of using Verizon's iPhone compare to my old BlackBerry I had with T-Mobile, is true that Verizon or any CDMA network you can't talk and surf the web at the same time, but in some devices. GSM like T-Mobile depends on the device. I couldn't do that on a BlackBerry but that's in the past. I don't mind the combo, i'm fine with Verizon and my iPhone...
I have to say that both networks have pros and cons and it comes down to personal use.
I use voice and data calls every single day and I really enjoy being able to access online documents to review them with clients while we're on phone calls.
Also being able to use my iPhone4 as a Mobile HotSpot while still being able to talk is a big plus for me.
There's nothing about Verizon I can knock and if you're on that network you can't miss what you've never had but as a person who rely's on the benefit of simultaneous voice & data AT&T happens to be my network of choice.
I personally am happy to have other networks join us with the iPhone experience since it will mean we'll truly be able to enjoy the iMessage & FaceTime experience with even more adapters joining the iPhone experience.
We as iPhone users already have to deal with the haters from the Android fan base so I say even though we're on different networks, we're actually on the same team so let's enjoy our iPhone experience no matter which network we choose.
Well said
I have a Verizon iphone 4, have never needed voice and data simultaneously, never dropped a call, never needed to talk to 4 people at the same time, and never had a text split up (regardless of length) to either me or the recipient. But maybe that's just me....
I look at it this way AT&T has had the iphone the longest as it started on AT&Ts network and they have had time to iron out a lot of the bugs and believe me there were quite a few. I had tons of dropped calls when I had my 3G and horrible data and when I first got my iphone 4 I had lots of problems but as the months went on it got better and better. I like the ability to check mail or respond to an SMS while I am on the phone as I use a bluetooth headset to talk and it makes it much easier to do this and you can check information or if you are talking to someone look something up and it comes in very handy.
Sprint has NOT had the data like the iphone generates so I know they will have issues and problems once the iphone goes live on their network. I had Sprint and I didn't like their service as it didn't sound very good everyone sounded like they were in a tunnel and I would get voice mails and sms messages sometimes a day later for some reason so I will stick with AT&T.
I think it really boils down to price and what features your carrier offers.
I know my parent's had someone get ahold of their number on VZN and they charged over 200 bucks of SMS charges for some service and NEVER let them know that it happened. It happened to me with AT&T and they sent me a text message about it!
So I like AT&T and will continue to support them as they have done very well for me!
service is different everywhere. whatever works for the person i guess. i live in olrando so service is great for all three carriers although my parents have att they suffer from alot of drop calls. at times they have data and voice outages. i have never suffered from any of that on sprint. i have been with sprint for 8 years and ive always had a reliable data speed. when i had my palm pre i would tether to my laptop and at times the speed would feel like highspeed internet which would really impress me. voice quality has always been great. the only problems i have is when i call people with att and it always sounds crappy. so for now ill stick to sprint until some other cheaper plan comes up else where.
ill be switching from AT&T to sprint I hope using data over 3G won't be at a snails pace pretty nervous about that!
it will be. better count on that
It really depends on where you live that dictates your opinion about this issue.
If I am standing at a coffee shop in the heart of downtown Chicago, my signal can fluctuate from 1 bar to 4 in a span of 15 mins. In addition, if I am on a call in the same coffee shop, I might drop a call or I might not. It depends on where you are and what is going on around you wirelessly that will affect your signal.
I know the limitation of CDMA, but a least a phone call will interrupt the data. I had a phone on att(We did not have 3g here), so when I was using data I could not get a phone call.
sprint is the only one who has unlimited data...nuff said
Not exactly true anymore. ATT is backhualing many towers with fiber and and installing more radios at cell sites which significantly increases capacity in preporation for their LTE rollouts. My area was 3G til around mid summer of 2011 when they rolled out HSPA+. My old iphone ran at around 1.3Mb/s down and 200k up. Now my Inspire runs an average around 5-6Mb/s down and 1-2Mb/s up. Big difference in less than 1 year.
Great article. I recently switched from the At&T iphone 4 to the Verizon iPhone 4s. I'm now able to stay on the phone during a long commute without getting dropped. The inability to efficiently conference call on Verizon may be a deal breaker for business users. I certainly didn't know about it until I encountered this Verizon problem. If AT&T had a reliable voice network it would be the "no-brainier" choice. I have AT&T three years to improve voice - in Manhattan and suburbs - and they failed. So I'm now happily stuck with an inferior technology.
Great article. I recently switched from the At&T iphone 4 to the Verizon iPhone 4s. I'm now able to stay on the phone during a long commute without getting dropped. The inability to efficiently conference call on Verizon may be a deal breaker for business users. I certainly didn't know about it until I encountered this Verizon problem. If AT&T had a reliable voice network it would be the "no-brainier" choice. I have AT&T three years to improve voice - in Manhattan and suburbs - and they failed. So I'm now happily stuck with an inferior technology.
I just got an sprint iPhone 4s & I'm very disappoint about the 3 way call I think that's gay
I have an ATT HTC Inspire 4G phone and have no complaints. I can talk and surf at the same time which is a nice option. My entire area(Southeast Michigan) is covered by 3G/HSPA+ so no speed issues. Last spring I switched to Verizon for 3 months and got the HTC Thunderbolt which is an awesome phone. The problem is I am on the fringe of Verizon LTE here and the Verizon 3G speeds were very slow often running below 40 Kb/s so I switched back to ATT. I disagree with one point in this article. The Thunderbolt sounded very tinny and words were often pixely and cut off and when the person I was talking to spoke at the same time, you could only here half of the words. Now, my ATT Inspire sounds crystal clear and when two people talk at the same time you can here the entire words and no pixelating. Lastly, when I run a speedtest and get 5Mb/s down and 1.5 up I know which network is superior(excluding LTE). The BIG advantage Verizon has is their entire network is minimum 3G and ATT's BIG disadvantage is their 3G/HSPA+ network is limited to a much smaller geographical area :(
Nope, I will need to create several albums, but this is not happening... is there a bug in 1.45?


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This year brought moviegoers an array of music that ranged from uplifting (About Time "How Long Will I Love You") to depressing (The Great Gatsby's "Young and Beautiful") to catchy (Inside Llewyn Davis' "Please Mr. Kennedy") to nostalgic (Saving Mr. Banks' "Let's Go Fly a Kite") to just plain out there (Spring Breakers' "Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites"). Whether it was a film about throwing (or attending) the best party of your life or one about intense family drama, the music pushed stories to new heights, whether it was an Alien rapping on the beach or two mothers pushing their children to the breaking point.
Film music is no longer just orchestration and catchy pop songs – it is dubstep and bands you would normally hear on the radio taking to the conductor's stand. Simply put – it is an exciting time for music in film because there are no rules.
Now it's time to relive some of the best music moments from this past year with scores from composers new to the scene and those continuing to churn out groundbreaking music, as well as soundtracks that featured songs from bands and artists who discovered new talents while collaborating.
13. Saving Mr. Banks
As is standard with any Disney film, Mary Poppins is full of music you can sing along to, and anyone who grew up with this Disney classic should be taken right back to their childhood when these songs strike up. Saving Mr. Banks takes audiences behind the scenes of the making of Mary Poppins, but it is the scenes featuring Mary Poppins' author P.L. Travers (Emma Thompson), screenwriter Don DaGradi (Bradley Whitford), and composers Richard Sherman (Jason Schwartzman) and Robert Sherman (B.J. Novak) creating this music that shine, giving these iconic songs even more meaning.
Composer Thomas Newman rounds things out with a score that helps tie together these catchy tunes with the conflicted emotions Travers had bringing her story to the big screen to create a nostalgia driven compilation that should also stand the test of time.
12. About Time
Richard Curtis knows how to put together a great soundtrack, and he proves that fact once again with the soundtrack for About Time. Tim (Domhnall Gleeson) is a man who can bounce around the timeline of his life and Curtis wisely uses recognizable music to help subtly place the time period he has landed in. But the music is not merely a story device, it rounds out the narrative to make Tim and Mary (Rachel McAdams) feel like real people who listen to the radio and comment about music in every day conversation.
The soundtrack itself is a great mix of artists from Ben Folds to The Cure to Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds that never feel forced within the context of the film and work together as a fantastic playlist when listening to the soundtrack on its own.
11. Mud
10. The Great Gatsby
9. Pain & Gain
8. Sound City
Dave Grohl is known for making good music so it's no surprise his directorial debut, Sound City, features a rocking soundtrack. The film celebrates the famed studio by filling the narrative with the famous songs that were recorded there and having renowned artists come back together to record new ones. From Rick Springfield to Fleetwood Mac to Grohl's other famous band (Nirvana), Sound City gives their hits new life by explaining how the studio helped launch their careers and creates an electric journey through this period in music history. But the soundtrack is more than just a tribute album, it is proof that while the studio may be gone, the Neve board and the sound it created lives on.
7. The Secret Life of Walter Mitty
Of Monsters and Men's "Dirty Paws" introduced the world of The Secret Life of Walter Mitty in the film's trailer and the film's full soundtrack continues that uplifting feeling with songs from José González and Rouge Wave. Walter (Ben Stiller) lives in a fantasy world and that feeling of being connected to reality while still being slightly removed from it is reflected in the soundtrack with artists like Jack Johnson singing "Escape (The Pina Colada Song)," Bahamas with The Weather Station singing a stripped down version of "You Don't Want Me," and Grace Mitchell singing "Maneater" plus David Bowie singing "Space Oddity" along with Kristin Wiig.
These new versions are fun and quirky, much like Walter himself (or at least the version he fancies himself to be), and they create a soundtrack that is emotionally connective without being too serious. Most importantly, it is a compilation that you will have no problem leaving on a loop.
6. Dallas Buyers Club
Ron Woodroof (McConaughey) is a character who is larger than life (even when life tries to take him down a notch) and the music to accompany the story of such a man also has to sound large. While Dallas Buyers Club is set in 1985, the soundtrack is full of current artists such as The Airborne Toxic Event, The Naked and Famous, AWOLNATION, and Thirty Seconds to Mars that bring a palpable energy that will have you tapping your feet as you cheer Ron on. Capital Cities brings an '80s vibe to the Bee Gee's '70s tune "Stayin' Alive" which grounds the song in the time period of Dallas Buyers Club while working as a sly nod to exactly what Ron is trying to do (and help others do) – stay alive.
5. Spring Breakers
When Cliff Martinez teamed up with Skrillex you knew you were going to get something insane, and Spring Breakers needed something insane. The story of a group of bored college students looking to have the best spring break of their lives quickly devolved into madness when the girls hook up with local thug, Alien (James Franco). From the opening track, you are brought into a heightened world that is equal parts mindless party and timeless trance. Where Skrillex delivers the beats, Martinez scales things back a bit to create a tranquil sound that perfectly sets you up for the next downbeat. Alien may be charming enough to make you forget your inhibitions and the Spring Breakers soundtrack is the perfect mix to have you dive into a world of pure escapism.
4. Oblivion
Creating music for the future is never an easy task, but M83 rose to the occasion by composing a score that sounds like it was created sixty-four years from now while still having the emotional resonance to make you want to fight for humanity alongside Jack (Tom Cruise). Veteran composer Joseph Trapanese (who also worked with Daft Punk on Tron: Legacy and Linkin Park's Mike Shinoda on The Raid: Redemption) helps give the score a cinematic feel without losing M83's signature sound. M83's understanding of how to layer electronic elements keeps Oblivion feeling fresh and draws you into this off-putting world that has familiar elements, but never feels quite right.
3. Inside Llewyn Davis
When you combine Joel and Ethan Cohen with T-Bone Burnett, you are pretty much guaranteed fantastic music and the three deliver once again with the soundtrack for Inside Llewyn Davis. The music is endlessly singable (as folk music should be) while still reflecting the pain Llewyn (Oscar Issac) is going through as he struggles to create a place for himself within the gig scene of the time and come to terms with the loss of his collaborator.
Inside Llewyn Davis celebrates this music by allowing the performances to play without interruption and the soundtrack gives you all that music in one place on a compilation you will be playing (and singing along to) well into the new year.
2. Stoker
1. Only God Forgives
Cliff Martinez described his score for Only God Forgives as an accidental "horror score," and he is not wrong. Nicolas Winding Refn's long-time collaborator follows the director to Bangkok and creates a score that delivers his signature electronic elements, but infuses them with the sounds of Thailand. But the most memorable element is the terrifying undercurrent of vibrating tones that run throughout the entire score, never letting up and never letting you (the listener) relax.
The local singers featured on the soundtrack have beautiful voices, but that tranquility is ironically juxtaposed with intense violence on screen. And even though you cannot see those images when listening to the soundtrack on its own, Martinez reflects that fear throughout his score, and did in fact end up creating his own brand of unforgettable, unrelenting "horror."

subset: commoncrawl


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Megadeth performed at the Metal Open Air festival this weekend at the Parque Independência in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The festival was reportedly quite chaotic, with many bands dropping off the bill due to various problems, but Megadeth came through and played several hours after their scheduled set time. The following day, Dave Mustaine released the following statement:
"To the fans last night in São Luís,
"Thank you. It's all I can say. One Big Mega Thank You!
"Yesterday's show in Sao Luis was very challenging, but we did it! It was almost 3:00 a.m. last night, when we finally left the stage.
"One of the highlights for me was when my good friend Michael Romeo [of Symphony X] came up to me during one of the breaks in the show and gave me a much-needed bear hug.
"I love Symphony X!
"I especially want to say thanks to my band and my fabulous crew for making it happen.
"If it weren't for my crew, specifically, the festival probably would not have happened. They are so modest; they'll say something humble, like, 'We just made lemonade out of lemons.' Sure, they did; but it was really like making silk sheets out of pig skin.
"I was told a lot of the talent opted out from coming. I was also told the tickets cost $450 Brazilian Real for the three day weekend, and $250 BRL for just one day. The average person in this area makes $28 BRL a day, so you can do the math. About nine days of work to come to the festival for just one day. Sixteen days for the whole weekend.
"We were playing, no matter what. We weren't playing for the promoter anymore; we were playing for the people!
"That's what this whole thing is about. The MUSIC and playing it for YOU!"
Megadeth have North American tour dates coming up very soon, and their latest album, TH1RT3EN, is available now in our webstore.


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• Welcome
A Superior Lifestyle is what Anaheim offers for businesses and residents by providing benefits, services and recreational amenities unlike anywhere else in the world. No other city can boast of world-class business districts, golf courses, quality neighborhoods, theme parks, arenas, a stadium, a convention center and a Mediterranean climate - attributes that make Anaheim the finest in Southern California living.
An Outstanding Location is one of the primary reasons businesses and residents call Anaheim their home. Look at a map of Southern California and you will find that Anaheim is ideally situated in the middle of one of the world's largest economies. Airports, seaports, freeways and railways are all easily accessible from Anaheim. Close proximity to the ocean, mountains, lakes and deserts are reasons why Anaheim is the location of choice by over 15,000 businesses and 328,000 residents.
Starting a Business
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Utility Savings Program
Business and Government Organizations


text:
Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at All American Heroes
All-AmericanHeroes features amateur straight guys out of uniform. These straight men are REAL current or former cops, marines, firemen, lifeguards, military police.
Beefy and Muscular Petty Officer Nick Is In Town This Week and He Is Ready for Some Discreet but Naughty Fun.
Pixels: 320X240 | Bitrate: 350K
Pixels: 640X480 | Bitrate: 700K


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- Wine corks- lots of them
- Piece of MDF- my piece was pre-cut to 36inch x24inch
- trim for the outside frame
- picture frame for the chalkboard
- chalk paint
- paint for the outer frame- I used White Wheat from SW
- liquid nails- to secure your frames
- hot glue gun- to secure your wine corks
by laura janning
A "Corky" Tutorial
April 13, 2012
23 comments:
AWESOME!! What a great idea! Have a great weekend!ReplyDelete
Laura, this is so great! I have a stash of corks, now you've given me an idea for them!ReplyDelete
Have a great weekend,
I love this project so much! What a clever idea! Linda posted an entire wine cork floor!ReplyDelete
I am totally pinning this.
Can't visit, I gotta go drink some wine, I'm about 300 bottles short.ReplyDelete
LOVE it!! I can't wait to do this. I wish I would've started collecting corks sooner because I'd have enough to make two of these lol!ReplyDelete
Such a great looking piece. I love the idea. I am collecting corks, so maybe I will have enough soon. I love to display them. Hugs, MartyReplyDelete
Very nice. I love that you combined the chalkboard with the corkboard. I like that a lot!ReplyDelete
I'm your newest follower!ReplyDelete
This is amazing! I have many corks just waiting for a cool project. This may be it! Great job!!ReplyDelete
I'm going to have go and buy me some more wine I think! This is great!ReplyDelete
My weekly Say G'day Linky Party is on now and I would be so thrilled if you could join in and link up this great post!
Best wishes for a fabulous weekend!
Natasha in Oz
Hello, I'm visiting from the UBP - that's a lot of wine! Both my husband and I love wine and we are slowly collecting for some project of our own.ReplyDelete
I love how it turned out!! I would love it if you linked this project up to my weekly blog hop: http://romanceonadime.com/diy/take-it-on-tuesday-blog-hop-24-moss-wreath-finished/
I just wanna know where the tute is for the pillows.... I just went thru every post since then, (over a week) and I don't see it... :(ReplyDelete
Hey, Laura, I love your project & all the time you put into it, but yeah, it's a project & not really a thrifty find. Please come back & share again when you get a thriftstore/yardsale find. I don't mind redos, but this one is out of the box for my party. Thanks for stopping by! I hate to be the rule nazi, but have to keep it on track.ReplyDelete
I love it! Very pretty cork art. I would love for you to share at my Anything Goes linky, it runs every Friday to Monday.ReplyDelete
350!?! Oh, I'm a long way off, better open up another bottle.ReplyDelete
I should have plenty of corks for this project b/c I've been collecting for 5-10 yrs. Never have done my wine cork projects. Thanks for the inspiration.ReplyDelete
love this! inspires me to finish mine!ReplyDelete
gonna show off your project as well when I post mine hope you dont mind!
Amazing! I'm new to crafting so I'm trying to get inspiration from others, not quite sure where I want to start. This looks fun though. I've never even heard of liquid nails or chalkboard paint.ReplyDelete
I'm new to your blog following via GFC, Linky Followers, plus all the other ones Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. I found you at Make the Scene.
You can find my blog here at this link http://skylarinc.blogspot.com/
This is a fantastic project! I would love it if you would consider sharing it at my Pinworthy Projects Link Party over at Just Us Four!ReplyDelete
Super fun project....loaded with lots of fun to get there (yeah for wine!)ReplyDelete
I LOVE your cork project!!! I would love for you to share it at my party going on now at Jillify It!ReplyDelete
Have a wonderful day! I'm a new follower!
- AnonymousSeptember 18, 2012
So I went to Lowe's today to get my supplies and found that MDF is 3/4" thick, and quite heavy! Do you recommend usinf 1/4" plywood instead for hanging?ReplyDelete
I found this project fascinating, but as someone not familiar with diy terms, acronyms like MDF and SW are unfamiliar to me.ReplyDelete
Thanks for stopping by and for your comment. For those who are not a blogger or on G+, After you type your comment..... click on the drop down box that says "Comment As" and select "Name/URL". There you can enter your full name, or just your first name ... Just put something in there. You can leave the URL box blank. Click continue and then click post comment.


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Great writing and another interesting issue for architects.
What i would like to add maybe is a small introduction to the work of Pedro Costa. Films of ambiguous nature about local slums, Foucault's heterotopias could match to give a perspective of communal life and 'the other spaces'.
I prefer other people to take on from that small intro and some links, in case they find it interesting too.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6LHlKj5eCQ ]
Closing with a more generic idea on the contradictory aims of architects and the final-existing space we tend to live in:
Nothing in the body is made in order that we may use it. What happens to exist is the cause of its use.
—Lucretius, De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things), IV, 833; cf. 822-56.


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Finally, a Heavy Metal Cookbook: 'Hellbent for Cooking'
"As someone who owned several Iron Maiden records before ever thinking about investing in a cast-iron skillet, I couldn't wait to get my hands on this." There are a few guys who have rightly earned themselves the title of "culinary bad boy" in the past few years—ex-chef and travel show host Anthony Bourdain for his legendary snarkiness and propensity for drinking and smoking on air, Marco Pierre White for his legendary temper and exemplary cuisine, hot-headed Momofuku chef David Chang, king of the pork buns. But these guys are nothing compared to the heavy metal home cooks who contributed the recipes for Annick Giroux's new cookbook Hellbent For Cooking. As the editor and publisher of Morbid Tales, underground Canadian metal... More


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Create Green Energy
Using Green Energy Sources
Us humans have been depending on fossil fuels as our primary source of energy for a long time now. These fossil fuels heat our houses, provide fuel for our vehicles, as well as electricity for appliances we use every day.
The problem is that we are in the process of using up the Earth's resources. Said in a different way – we are slowly killing our planet. However, there is still time for this to change. If people start to focus one green energy sources, earth will survive. So what can we do?
Why Green Energy?
There are great benefits by using green, renewable energy sources. Besides saving our planet, using green energy can also cut down on our energy bill. There are many kinds green energy sources out there to choose from and this website is one of many which provides you with more information on your options for using green energy.
Types of Energy Solutions
Three types of energy solutions fall into the category of renewable energy solutions:
- solar energy solutions
- hydro energy solutions
- wind energy solutions.
Solar energy solutions: The sun's energy is the most abundant energy available on earth. We can all make use of this free energy. You can employ solar power solutions at home. Not only will this cut down power bills, but it will also help you contribute to a greener environment. Solar power solutions comprise of solar cookers, solar heating systems, solar lighting systems, solar dryers, and so on.
The solar energy systems have many advantages, besides being cost-effective and environment-friendly. Solar energy solutions are low on maintenance, and as a result, they save your time and effort. Furthermore, solar systems give you a return on your investment very soon, which makes the solar system pay for itself after a short while.
Hydro energy solutions:: The hydro energy or water energy is another effective renewable energy. You can convert hydro energy into electrical energy to run vehicles and other electrical appliances. Hydro energy is typically generated on a large scale. About 90 percent of the electrical energy produced by renewable resources is produced solely by hydro power. Particularly, dams are built to help generate electricity by tapping the water power, and this is very effective.
There are concerns about using this energy, because it may affect the water-borne flora and fauna in a negative way. We believe there are ways to accomodate for this, if we carefully plan how we use hydro energy.
Wind energy solutions: Windmills have been in use for thousands of years on our planet. They helped tow boats and pump water before the Middle Ages, even. Nowadays, wind power has became a source for generating electricity.
Windmills and wind turbines can help generate tonnes of megawatts of electricity. As an excellent renewable source of energy, the wind energy will go far in providing a good future to generations to come.
Earth 4 Energy
Don't pay for your electricity any longer. Instead, the power company will pay YOU! "Michael's complete step-by-step fully illustrated manual + easy to follow videos will have you generating your own electricity for less than $200!" From the DIY workshop of Michael Harvey (Renewable energy enthusiast and creator of Earth4Energy).
-> Learn more at Earth4Energy <-
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- Willamette
- Athletics
- Teams
- Cross Country
- Giving to Cross Country
Giving to Cross Country
Thank you for your interest in supporting Willamette Cross Country. Each year, gifts help offset the risings costs of running quality athletics programs. Your gift in support of Cross Country helps to ensure that our program continues to grow and thrive, and sends the message that Willamette Cross Country is a vital and enriching part of the Willamette experience.
Cross Country Endowment (No fund established yet)
An endowment fund for the Cross Country program can be established with a gift of $50,000 or more. Once an endowment is established, any gift amount may be directed to the cross country endowment fund. Endowment funds are invested and earn annual income for the sport's operating budget in perpetuity.
How Can I Donate?
Gifts to Cross Country can be made online or by contacting the Office of Annual Giving at 503-370-6805 or email@example.com.
Tune in to the Bearcat Network and watch live webcasts for select competitions and see live stats for nearly all Bearcat competitions. You can also find social media links like Facebook and twitter, rss feeds and video archives.
Purchase Action Photos
Naomi Stukey is the official bearcat photographer. Click the above link to browse and purchase action shots.


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Valve Manufacturing
ATI Expands Presence to United Kingdom
- Details
- Published on Thursday, 28 March 2013 12:51
Automation Technology, Inc. has expanded to offices in London. This is the first step in ATI's global expansion plan.
"From the beginning, ATI has focused on designing, manufacturing and delivering top-quality customized valve automation equipment to our customers across the globe," says ATI CEO Cooper Etheridge. As we have grown, the need for more intensive localized domestic sales and support has become apparent. Expanding to the UK is ATI's solution to our customers needs in emerging markets."


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Paul Howard
Howard: A Top Ex-APS Administrator To Plead Guilty
Fulton County District Attorney Paul Howard says the former human resources chief for Atlanta's public schools has agreed to plead guilty in connection with a test cheating scandal.
The Mo Ivory Show: APS Scandal…The Bigger Issue
On Friday, District Attorney Paul Howard named 35 educators in a 65 count indictment relating to the APS CRCT cheating scandal. They are required to surrender at the Fulton County Jail by Tuesday. Taxpayer money […]
Probe Clears Ousted SCLC Members
ATLANTA (AP)-Prosecutors in Georgia have found no proof that two ousted board members of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference stole more than $560,000 from the landmark civil rights organization, according to a draft report. The […]


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Optical filters are directly mounted on the surface of photo-detectors. The filters have maximum radiation permeability for the operating range of the photo-detector. For that region of the spectrum which lies outside of the operating range, the filters are of maximum impermeability and considerably decrease interfering currents resulting from the incidence of foreign light. The direct mounting of the filters on the detector surface effects not only technical but also economical advantages.
1. A photo-detector for sensing light in a narrow spectral range, comprising:
a semiconductor body of first conductivity type having a region of second conductivity type doped into the semiconductor body at a major surface;
a metal contact connected to said region of second conductivity type;
at least one filtering layer means directly adhering to the major surface of the semiconductor body and covering at least a portion of said region of second conductivity type, said layer means being permeable to a narrow spectral range of electromagnetic radiation and impermeable to adjacent spectral ranges; and
said filtering layer means comprising a Perot-Fabry filter consisting of alternating silicon and silicon-dioxide layers, one of said alternating layers being in direct contact with the major surface.
2. A filtered photo-detector comprising: a photo-detector having a light receiving surface; and a filter means comprising at least one layer directly applied to the receiving surface and a metal contact arranged on the semiconductor surface and passing through the filter means, said filter means being permeable to a spectral range of electromagnetic radiation including an infrared wavelength which lies in an operating range of the photo-detector, said filter means being largely impermeable to other spectral ranges, and said filter means comprising a Perot-Fabry interference filter means having alternating layers of silicon (Si) and Silicon dioxide (SiO2).
3. A photo-detector as claimed in claim 2 in which said filter means comprises double Perot-Fabry filters.
4. A photo-detector as claimed in claim 2 in which said filter means comprises multiple Perot-Fabry filters.
5. A photo-detector as claimed in claim 2 in which said filter means includes an additional absorption filter.
6. A photo-detector as claimed in claim 5 in which the absorption filter comprises inorganic substances.
7. A photo-detector as claimed in claim 5 in which the absorption filter comprises organic substances.
8. A photo-detector as claimed in claim 5 in which said filter means comprises an edge filter.
9. A photo-detector as claimed in claim 2 in which said filter means comprises an edge filter.
10. A photo-detector as claimed in claim 2 in which said filter means is deposited on an entire surface of a semiconductor wafer and the wafer is divided into individual photo-detectors.
11. A photo-detector as claimed in claim 2 in which said filter means operating range includes a wavelength of approximately 950 nm.
12. A photo-detector as claimed in claim 2 in which the Perot-Fabry filter means includes only silicon and silicon dioxide layers.
13. A photo-detector as claimed in claim 2 in which one of said silicon and silicon dioxide layers is in direct contact with the receiving surface.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to filters for photo-detectors, where the filters are permeable to that spectral range of electromagnetic radiation which lies in the operating range of the associated photodetector, and are largely impermeable to other spectral ranges.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Semiconductor detectors generally exhibit a wide sensitivity range, of which, however, frequently only a narrow spectral range is employed as an operating range. The sensitivity range of semiconductor detectors, which lies outside the operating range of the detector, gives rise to undesired interference currents under the influence of foreign light. Therefore, in order to reduce these interference currents, it is desirable to provide semiconductor detectors with optical filters which are impermeable to electromagnetic radiation in the entire sensitivity range of the detectors, excluding their operating range. A measure of this type could be readily effected employing commercially available optical filters. However, in a mass production of optical semiconductor components, important factors oppose the use of commercially available filters. As is known, optical filters are expensive which would lead to a considerable increase in the cost of the end product. The costs of the filter assembly would also constitute another, not inconsequential increase in the cost for the end product. Thus solely for economical considerations, it is not advisable to equip photo-detectors with commercially available filters.
The use of pre-manufactured, optical filters in photodetectors also restricts the technical possibilities for use, since only a specific assortment of filters having specific technical characteristic parameters and specific shapes and sizes are available. Any deviation from the predetermined characteristic data and the predetermined dimensions would at least increase the costs of, if not render impossible, the use of pre-manufactured filters.
Therefore an object of the present invention is to provide filters for photo-detectors, the technical parameters of which can be matched simply and with low cost to the requirements of the photo-detector and which, even for mass production of such photo-detectors, results in a practical cost.
This object is realized in accordance with the invention by providing filters consisting of one or more layers which are directly applied to the detector surface.
Filters arranged directly on the detector surface have the advantage, in comparison to filters which are not directly applied to the surface, that generally speaking the reflection losses are lower and laterally incoming interference light is kept away from the detector. Furthermore, filters not arranged directly on the detector surface involve a considerably higher cost outlay for the acquisition and assembly of the filters. In particular, in the case of mass produced photo-detectors, this extra cost is extremely high.
Furthermore, the design possibilities when using filter layers arranged directly on the detector surface are extremely great, due to the fact that the filter layers can be easily adapted to specific detector characteristic data.
It is novel to employ thin film filters as light filters with photo-detectors.
A further development of the invention is that the thin film filters are provided as a multiple layer sequence with alternatingly high and low indices of refraction.
It is also a novel feature that the optical layer thickness of at least one layer of a multiple layer sequence amounts to λ/4 or a multiple of λ/4, where λ is the most heavily concentrated wavelength of the spectral group of beams which passes through the filter.
With the aid of this technique it is possible to produce thin film filters which transmit a relatively narrow band of optical radiation.
It is also advantageous that the filters consist of Perot-Fabry interference filters. The function of a Perot-Fabry interference filter is to allow a light beam having a specific most heavily concentrated wavelength λ through the filter with a high intensity, whereas it allows spectral neighboring ranges to pass through with only a low intensity when metal reflectors are used; and when dielectric reflectors are used the adjacent ranges are only let through over smaller spectral ranges. The band width of the transmitted light beam is dependent upon the indices of refraction of the filter materials. The object of a detector filter process is to adapt the transmitted light beam to the operating range of the detector.
It is also novel that the filters are double or multiple Perot-Fabry filters.
In order to optimize the function of Perot-Fabry filters, double or multiple Perot-Fabry filters may be used.
A further development of the invention is that the layers of the filter arranged on the detector surface consist of at least two of the following materials: aluminum oxide (A12 O3), germanium (Ge), silicon (Si), silicon oxide (SiO), silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), tantalum pentoxide (Ta2 O5), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), silver (Ag) and aluminium (Al).
The use of the quoted materials for the production of thin film filters on semiconductor bodies has proved particularly suitable for mechanical, thermal and optical adaptability.
It is also novel that the filters are absorption filters, which can consist of inorganic and/or organic substances. The application of absorption filters to semiconductor surfaces is generally extremely simple compared with the application of corresponding thin film filters wherein it is necessary to deposit extremely small layer thicknesses homogeneously over the entire semiconductor surface. Absorption filters can frequently be applied in the form of lacquer layers to the surface to be provided with filters.
It is also novel that the filters for the photo-detector consist of a combination of different types of filters.
The application of different types of filter to a semiconductor surface which is to be provided with layers is generally a desirable method of producing filters since cooperation between different types of filters frequently produces the optimum effect.
It is also novel that the filters consist of a combination of thin film filters and absorption filters. Although thin film filters generally allow a relatively narrow-band light beam to be filtered out, usually it is impossible to achieve sufficient elimination of all the other wavelengths. However, this elimination can be attained by the additional use of suitable absorption filters.
It is also advantageous that the filters are edge filters. Frequently it is desirable to filter out specific groups of beams in such manner that their absorption profile exhibits an approximately rectangular shape. For this purpose, thin film filters and absorption filters with absorption profiles as steep as possible can be combined in such a way that the resultant radiation exhibits as rectangular as possible an absorption profile.
It is also novel that the filters are deposited on the detector surface by means of vapor deposition, sputtering, pyrolytic deposition, sedimentation from a suspension, or application of lacquers, particularly by centrifuging.
Of the aforementioned methods, vacuum deposition in particular is extremely widespread. It allows the production of substantially homogeneous layer thicknesses which can be varied by varying the vapor deposition time.
It is particularly advantageous that the filters are deposited onto the entire surface of a semiconductor wafer which is to be coated, and division into individual photo-detectors is subsequently carried out.
The coating of the entire surface of semiconductor wafers with filters corresponding to the invention, and the subsequent division of the semiconductor wafer into individual semiconductor crystals, constitutes a method of producing photo-detectors which is particularly economical with respect to labor time and costs.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view through a photo-detector of the invention with an absorption filter on a surface of the detector;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a Perot-Fabry interference filter on the silicon surface at part "A" of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view illustrating a double Perot-Fabry interference filter on a silicon surface at part "A" of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 illustrates curves representing the relative spectral sensitivity of Si-photodiodes equipped with filters and not equipped with filters; and
FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view representing an edge filter on a silicon surface at part "A" of FIG. 1.
FIG. 1 is a cross-section through a photo-detector 1 with a semiconductor body 2, which has a zone 3 of a first conductivity type, e.g. having a n-doping. Beneath the semiconductor surface 5, a further zone 4 of a second conductivity type opposite to the first, e.g. a p+ -zone, is doped into the semiconductor body 2. A metal contact 6 is arranged on the semiconductor surface 5 in the region of the zone 4 for the current supply of the photo-detector 1. The remainder of the semiconductor surface 5 is covered with an optical filter 7 consisting e.g. of an absorption filter. Beneath the semiconductor surface 8, which lies opposite the semiconductor surface 5, a n+ -doped zone 9 is provided in the n-doped semiconductor body 2. A continuous contact layer 10 is arranged on the semiconductor surface 8. The dash-dot circular line in FIG. 1 indicates part "A", which is represented in the other Figures in enlarged views and provided with different types of filters.
The doping, described in FIG. 1, of the photo-detector, p+ /n/n+ can also be replaced by the reverse doping, n+ /p/p+. In both cases blocked-free contacts are obtained. The filter arranged on the detector surface can represent any type of filter, e.g. absorption filter, interference filter, Perot-Fabry interference filter, double or multiple Perot-Fabry interference filter, and in particular a combination of different types of filters.
FIG. 2 shows part "A" from FIG. 1, with a Perot-Fabry interference filter on a silicon surface. The optical filter 7 on the semiconductor surface 5 of the silicon semiconductor body 2 consists of a silver layer 12 arranged directly on the semiconductor surface 5, a SiO2 layer 13 arranged above the silver layer 12, and having a layer thickness of λ/2, where λ is the peak wavelength of the spectral beam which is transmitted through the filter, and amounts to 405 nm, and finally consists of a further silver layer 14. In place of silver layers, it is also possible to employ e.g. aluminum layers or other reflective metal layers. A light beam oncoming in the direction of arrow 11 is split up into a transmitted beam, indicated by arrows 11a, and a reflected beam, indicated by arrows 11b. Multiple reflections take place within the optical filter 7 indicated by arrows 11c.
The layer thickness of the silver layers 12 and 14 are such that they produce 10% transmission for the wavelength 555 nm. The silver layers 12 and 14 can also be replaced by dielectric reflectors or by a high or low refraction λ/4 layer. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the silver layer 12 can be constructed as a λ/4 layer which consists of SiO2 and is arranged on the semiconductor surface 5, and an overlying λ/4 layer consisting of silicon, whilst the silver layer 14 can be replaced by a λ/4 layer consisting of silicon. It is unnecessary to provide a further, low-refraction λ/4 layer on the last-mentioned silicon layer, if the medium adjoining the filter surfaces possesses a lower optical index of refraction than silicon, such as e.g. air. When metallic or dielectric reflectors are employed in the construction of Perot-Fabry interference filters, it should be noted that outside the transmitted spectral beam, metallic reflectors are virtually constantly reflective in a relatively wide spectral range. Dielectric reflectors, on the other hand, transmit specific spectral ranges with greater or lesser intensity, depending upon the wavelength, near the transmitted, spectral beam.
FIG. 3 illustrates part "A" from FIG. 1, with a double Perot-Fabry interference filter on a silicon surface. On the surface 5 of the silicon semiconductor body 2 the following layers are deposited in turn: a λ/4 SiO2 layer 15, a λ/4 Si layer 16, a λ/2 SiO2 layer 17, a λ/4 Si layer 18, a λ/4 SiO2 layer 19, a λ/4 Si layer 20, a λ/2 SiO2 layer 21 and a λ/4 Si layer 22, where λ =950 nm (infrared range). A light beam approaching in the direction of the arrow 23 is split into a transmitted beam indicated by the arrows 24, and a reflected beam indicated by the arrows 25. Within the filter, multiple reflections occur along the arrows 27 and 28. The multiple reflections also involve a certain sub-transmissiveness in the path direction, e.g. indicated by the arrows 29, and a certain sub-transmissiveness in the direction of the reflected beam, e.g. indicated by the arrows 30.
The series connection of more than two Perot-Fabry filters allows the production of arbitrary multiple Perot-Fabry interference filters. The layer sequence of high-refraction and low-refraction λ/4 and λ/2 layers must not necessarily follow the above arrangement. It is also possible to reverse the described high-refraction and low-refraction layers, in which case the λ/2 layers are highly-refractive, and not low-refractive as in the quoted example, for the production of Perot-Fabry filters.
In FIG. 4, the curve 50 indicates the spectral sensitivity of a Si-photodiode, and the curve 51 illustrates the spectral sensitivity of a Si-photodiode which is provided with a filter as described in FIG. 3. The sensitivity range of the Si-photodiode provided with a filter is thus matched to the emission range of a GaAS-diode, a luminescence diode, having an emission maximum at 950 nm (infrared range).
FIG. 5 illustrates part "A" from FIG. 1, with a notch filter on a silicon surface. On the surface 5 of a silicon semiconductor 2, the following layers having a layer thickness of λ/4 are arranged in turn: a low-refraction SiO2 layer 31, a high-refraction silicon layer 32, a low-refraction SiO2 layer 33, a high-refraction silicon layer 34, a low-refraction SiO2 layer 35, a high-refraction Si layer 36, a low-refraction SiO2 layer 37, and a high-refraction Si layer 38. A light beam approaching in the direction of the arrow 39 is split into a reflected beam in the direction of the arrows 40 and a transmitted beam in the direction of the arrow 41. A filter of this type virtually forms an edge filter, whose path edge exhibits the wave value λ, which is calculated from 4 times the layer thickness of one individual filter layer.
According to the invention, the photo-detectors employ combinations of different types of filters, always with the aim of optimizing the desired effect. The optimization produces a maximum permeability to optical radiation in the operating range of the photodetector, and at the same time a minimum permeability to optical radiation lying within the sensitivity range of the corresponding photodetector, but outside the operating range of the associated detector.
The filters corresponding to the invention can be used to coat different photo-detectors, in particular photo-resistors or photo-diodes.
Although various minor modifications may be suggested by those versed in the art, it should be understood that we wish to embody within the scope of the patent warranted hereon, all such embodiments as reasonably and properly come within the scope of our contribution to the art.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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