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Childhood Adversity Associated with Shorter Telomeres
Telomeres sit at the end of DNA strands and shorten with each cell replication. Shorter telomeres are associated with aging and an increase in multiple medical and psychiatric disorders. New research draws connections between the production of mitochondrial DNA, telomere length, the experience of childhood adversity, and mental illness.
Researcher Audrey Tyrka and colleagues divided 290 healthy adults into four categories based on whether or not they had experienced adversity in childhood and whether they had been diagnosed with a mental illness in their lifetime, including depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. The researchers also analyzed the participants' telomere lengths and the copy number of their mitochondrial DNA. Both stressful events in childhood (such as maltreatment or the loss of a parent) and a history of mental illnesses (depression and anxiety) were associated with shorter telomeres and higher mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, a measure of cellular aging. Substance abuse was associated with higher mitochondrial DNA copy numbers.
Editor's Note: This research replicates earlier findings that adversity is associated with shortening telomeres. The finding that mitochondrial DNA could play a role in the long-term effects of early life adversity and mental illnesses is new.
High Risk of Suicide Attempts in Bipolar Disorder with Substance Abuse
At the 2014 meeting of the International College of Neuropsychopharmacology, researcher Rieva et al. reported that 60% of bipolar patients with comorbid alcohol abuse have attempted suicide, and 48% of bipolar patients with cocaine abuse have attempted suicide. Thus, both of these comorbidities deserve specific attention and treatment. Unfortunately there are currently no Federal Drug Administration–approved drugs for bipolar patients with these comorbidities. The most promising treatments, based on data in patients with primary addictions, are the nutritional supplement N-acetylcysteine and topiramate, which have both performed better than placebo in studies of alcohol and cocaine abuse disorders.
Learning to Change Brain Activity to Decrease Cocaine Craving
Colleen Hanlon, a researcher at the Medical University of South Carolina, has found that biofeedback can be used to decrease cocaine craving in people with substance abuse problems. In her research, patients were given real time feedback from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and learned to decrease the activation of a part of the brain called the anterior cingulate when exposed to cocaine cues (reminders of their desire for cocaine). They were able to decrease drug craving as well as heart rate and skin conduction, which often accompany it.
Adversity May Increase Risk of Mood Disorders
In adults with bipolar disorder, adversity in childhood has been associated with an earlier onset of bipolar disorder compared to those who did not experience some form of adversity such as verbal abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, loss of a parent, abandonment, or neglect. At the 2013 meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry, Nancy Low et al. reported that the number of these stressful life events a child experienced was associated with the number of their anxiety symptoms, psychiatric disorders, and lifetime substance abuse. Having experienced 3 or more adversities was associated with a 3.5-fold increased risk for developing a mood disorder and a 3-fold increase in anxiety disorders and alcohol or drug abuse.
While the study has not yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal, the abstract (#194) may be found in the meeting supplement, Volume 73, Number 9S of the journal Biological Psychiatry.
Editor's Note: Low's study is the first to report that childhood adversity is a risk factor for the onset of bipolar disorder in the general population.
Given the increasing evidence for the persistence of epigenetic marks on DNA and histones (which can't change the sequence of genes but can change their structure) in those who have experienced such stressors in childhood, this could provide a mechanism for the long-term vulnerability of these children to the development of mood disorders and a variety of physical illnesses.
Synthetic Marijuana Comes with Serious Risks, Including Risks to Fetus
Synthetic marijuana, otherwise known as spice, skank, or K2, is not only vastly more potent than the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in marijuana plants, but it also lacks cannabidiol (CBD), the calming, antipsychotic substance also present in the plants. This makes spice much more likely to induce major psychiatric effects.
New evidence links use of spice during pregnancy to a tragic birth defect, anencephaly, or absence of the cerebral cortex. It can also lead to the later development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, memory impairment, depression, and aggression.
Effects of THC on gestation may occur as early as two weeks after conception, meaning by the time a woman realizes she is pregnant, the fetus may have been harmed by exposure to the drug.
Other new finding associate use of spice with acute coronary syndrome and the kind of acute kidney injury that can lead to the organ shutting down.
Editor's Note: It has now been found that synthetic marijuana, or spice, can lead to psychosis, delirium, acute coronary syndrome (heart attack) in young people, and now kidney dysfunction, in addition to causing birth defects if used by pregnant women. Not only is spice made up of more potent THC without the calming effects of CBD, but it is often laced with unknown contaminants, which are likely the cause of the heart and kidney damage.
Smoking regular marijuana is bad enough—it doubles the risk of psychosis and may precipitate the onset of schizophrenia. It may also cause long-lasting effects on cognitive function. Since many states are legalizing marijuana, it is important to know the risks. In any case the risks are much more serious with the synthetic product, and synthetic marijuana should be avoided at all costs.
Harsh Physical Punishment is Associated with Mood and Other Disorders
Physical punishment of children has long been a controversial subject. A 2012 article by Afifi et al. in the journal Pediatrics suggests that having experienced harsh physical punishment during childhood is associated with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse and dependence, and personality disorders in adulthood.
In this study harsh physical punishment included pushing, grabbing, shoving, slapping, or hitting. Participants who had experienced more severe maltreatment in childhood (including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, and exposure to violence between intimate partners) were excluded from the study, and the results were adjusted for sociodemographic variables and family history of dysfunction, suggesting that physical punishment was the mediator of these effects.
Substance Use Among Canadian Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder: The Critical Need for Intervention and Prevention
At the 2012 meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), Antoinette Scavone presented a poster on correlates of substance use disorders among Canadian adolescents with bipolar disorder. Participants were 62 adolescents aged 14 to 19 with bipolar disorder. Twenty-three participants (37.1%) had a substance abuse disorder.
Those with a comorbid substance use disorder were more likely to have a comorbid panic disorder or an oppositional defiant disorder. They also had higher rates of police contact or arrest, were more likely to have been involved in assault, and were more impulsive. In addition they had experienced more stressful life events.
Editor's Note: These data from a Canadian sample replicate previous findings in the US and again indicate the critical importance of preventing the onset of substance abuse in adolescents at especially high risk because of their bipolar disorder.
How Illness Progresses In The Recurrent Affective Disorders
This editor (RM Post) in collaboration with Jacqueline Fleming and Flavio Kapczinski published the article "Neurobiological mechanisms of illness progression in the recurrent affective disorders" in the Journal of Psychiatric Research this year. The article built on several themes about the progression of bipolar illness that had been explored in previous research.
These themes include:
- The likely acceleration of repeated episodes as a function of the number of prior episodes (episode sensitization)
- The increased responsivity of the illness to repeated stressors (stress sensitization)
- The increased behavioral reactivity to repeated use of psychomotor stimulants such as cocaine (stimulant-induced behavioral sensitization)
Not only are these observations well documented in the scientific literature, but recent observations also suggest that each type of sensitization can show cross-sensitization to the other two types. That is, individuals exposed to repeated stressors are more likely both to experience affective illness episodes and to adopt comorbid substance abuse. In a similar way, episodes of an affective disorder and stressors may also be associated with the relapse into drug administration in those who have been abstinent.
In addition to these mechanisms of illness progression in the recurrent affective disorders, the new article reviews the literature showing that the number of affective episodes or the duration of the illness appear to be associated with a variety of other clinical and neurobiological variables.
The number of affective episodes a patient experiences is associated with the degree of cognitive dysfunction present in their bipolar illness, and experiencing more than 4 episodes of unipolar or bipolar depression is a risk factor for dementia in late life. A relative lack of response to most treatments is also correlated with the number of prior episodes, and this holds true for response to naturalistic treatment in general. While most of these data are correlational and the direction of causality cannot be ascertained for certain, it is likely that the number of affective episodes and/or their duration could account for and drive difficulties with treatment and with cognitive function.
If this were the case, one would expect to see a variety of neurobiological correlates with the number of prior episodes or duration of illness, and in the article we summarize those that have been found in unipolar and bipolar disorder. Considerable data indicate that cortical volume and degrees of prefrontal cortical dysfunction can vary as a function of number of prior episodes. There is evidence that increased activity of the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens are also related to episodes or duration of illness. In those with unipolar depression, the volume of the hippocampus is decreased with longer duration of illness. Read more
The Explosive Combination of Bipolar Disorder and Substance Abuse
At the 2012 annual meeting on pediatric bipolar disorder sponsored by the Ryan Licht Sang Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital, Timothy E. Wilens gave a plenary talk on "The Explosive Combination of Bipolar and Substance Abuse."
Wilens cited the statistic that 10% of adolescents in the general US population have at some time received a diagnosis of a substance abuse disorder. The age of onset of substance abuse peaks between ages 15 and 20.
Wilens said that in a recent survey about use in the past month, among participants in the general population aged 12 or higher with substance use, about 50% use marijuana and about 50% use prescription narcotics (often obtained from their parents' medicine chest).
The rate of mortality from substance abuse has risen dramatically since 1993 and now approximates that from automobile accidents. According to Wilens, rates of emergency room visits and fatalities have increased recently, and this has been linked to opiate overdoses.
Adolescents with bipolar disorder are at greatly increased risk of substance abuse compared to the general population. Most substance abuse follows the onset of bipolar disorder, not vice versa.
Wilens cited the data of researcher Ben Goldstein that on 8-year follow up, 32% of bipolar adolescents developed a substance use disorder. Those treated with antimanic agents were much less likely to develop a substance use disorder. MORAL: Treat bipolar disorder psychopathology in adolescents well and help them avoid substance abuse.
Children with persistent emotion dysregulation were: 1) more likely to develop a substance use disorder; 2) more likely to begin using substances earlier; and 3) more likely to have a more severe form of combined (multiple) substance use disorders.
Treating Substance Use
Wilen suggested that a good interview is better than urine toxicology screens for assessing substance use. He suggested the following treatment paradigm: Read more
Bipolar Disorder and Its Comorbidities in Youth
A symposium on bipolar disorder and its comorbidities in children and adolescents was held at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in 2011. The following findings were reported there.
Researcher Janet Wozniak discussed the relationship of bipolar illness and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Based on interviews of family members of children with bipolar illness alone, bipolar illness plus ADHD, ADHD alone, and controls, she concluded that bipolar illness occurred more often in families of children with bipolar illness with or without ADHD. Similarly, she showed that there was more ADHD in relatives of children with either ADHD alone or ADHD comorbid with bipolar illness. She concluded that the comorbidity of bipolar illness and ADHD is a unique subtype of bipolar disorder and requires further study.
Emotional Dysregulation and Substance Abuse
In another presentation, Tim Wilens indicated that those with bipolar disorder and emotional dysregulation had an 8- to 20-fold increased risk of having a substance abuse comorbidity with their bipolar disorder.
Substance Abuse Comorbidity
In a third presentation, Ben Goldstein reported that the onset of bipolar illness predates the onset of substance abuse in 60 to 83% of instances of comorbid illness. He emphasized the dramatic negative impact of comorbid substance use in children with bipolar disorder in terms of increasing legal entanglements, pregnancy, academic failure, suicide, and decreased compliance with medications. He reported that in the multi-site, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded Course and Outcome of Bipolar Illness in Youth (COBY) study, the largest longitudinal study to date of youth with bipolar disorder, the risk of new onset substance abuse over the course of 4 years of follow-up was 32%. These data taken with the 15% of children who already had substance abuse at intake indicates that in this study approximately half of the children with bipolar illness had or acquired a substance abuse problem near the beginning of their illness. Two-thirds of the children in the study had abused both alcohol and cannabis. Read more


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By jaredmoshe | Jared Moshé's Blog September 2, 2008 at 4:14AM
Third Party Candidates
In response to my entry "Will the Media Cut the Shit" Reader Santa Clause writes:
Hi, Jared:
I'm a candidate for President, advocating for the 2 million children in the US who are abused, neglected, exploited, abandoned, homeless, and institutionalized. There are 50 million adults who used to be in their position as children.
That voting bloc is twice as large as the number of veterans, as large as the number of African American voters, and comprises 1/4 of the entire voting population in the US.
I'm trying to get Obama and McCain to address this pervasive problem in the US and am offering specific solutions.
So, instead of complaining about the lame campaigns of the big boys, how about covering mine.
PS: My legal name is Santa Claus; and, I'm a Christian Monk living at Lake Tahoe.

subset: commoncrawl


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I'm Coming Home
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Re: I'm Coming Home
Originally Posted by
I would hope that if you reach ever the level that Matt is, a profitable career in drumming is guaranteed.
But there's no guarantees.
Thanks Larry but I definitely have weaknesses believe me. For one thing my reading is still nothing close to where I need to have it and there are some classical chops and mallets playing that I've unfortunately almost walked away from. So I've got to keep working. Then there are just times when you want to chill and lately I've started to get a little nonproductive out here. I know the TV show is kind of a body of work. But there needs to be a better branch out. I also think I could do a decent drum clinic and I would be a less expensive alternative for the place that wanted ultra famous until they found out how expensive he/she was.
Right now my biggest obstacle is still age. Guys I would like to be playing with call the age card... as do older drummers who don't want me in their club. But if I'm leading the band then that's supposed to be really good. But if I start all that when I'm 25 then the industry says I'm too old to be a young up and comer. But if I join some rock band as a member then age doesn't factor but I'm pigeonholed.
Seriously...it's all pretty stupid and a juggling act. But it also seems to be the game that goes on.
And yeah I want more school for sure. But I'm not walking away from biz contacts to immerse myself in a system and get the fish eye from my peers at the music school. AIM was one thing. That was a one year get it together program. But doing the 4 year is a way of life, although I'm ready again for a serious mentor/teacher.
My idea is to get myself set up and established THEN go back to school on my own terms. I'm also not altogether sure that my major would be music anyway. But school would have to be where the gigs already were.
Lot to think about for sure.
I endorse Zildjian sticks because I like them.
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WHITE PLAINS, N.Y. -- A federal judge in New York has tossed rapper DMX's bankruptcy filing, making him fair game for creditors.
The Journal News reports that a bankruptcy judge in White Plains dismissed the 42-year-old rapper's July 29 Chapter 11 filing on Friday.
The hip-hop star's name is Earl Simmons. The judge's move means he could lose his possessions including his share in a home in suburban Mount Kisco.
Simmons' biggest debt is $1.3 million in child support owed to some of the 10 children he has fathered.
U.S. Trustee Tracy Hope Davis said Simmons failed to provide trustworthy information in his bankruptcy filing.
Simmons' publicist Domenick Nati said he was unaware of the court hearing.
Simmons was arrested Monday in South Carolina on charges including driving with a suspended license.
Information from: The Journal News, http://www.lohud.com
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11:00 am
Mon December 12, 2011
Unemployed For More Than A Year? You're Not Alone
By editor
A new survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation and NPR found that nearly 5 million Americans have been unemployed for a year or more, with some parts of the population harder hit than others. Host Michel Martin speaks with NPR Senior Business Editor Marilyn Geewax, unemployed bus driver Vincent Brandon, and Ellen Wright, an underemployed paralegal.


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19 Apply to Build Arts Center
Updated: 07/04/2004 - The announcement of the architectural firm who will design the Southern Arts and Entertainment Center could come within the next week.
Updated: 07/04/2004 - The announcement of the architectural firm who will design the Southern Arts and Entertainment Center could come within the next week.
Updated: 07/02/2004 - Another special session is expected to be called soon to deal with a bond program that failed in the 2004 Legislature.
Updated: 07/02/2004 - Several arrests have been made in an apparent multi-county armed robbery ring. All of the robberies have taken place within the last week within a three-county area.
Updated: 07/02/2004 - A federal judge today temporarily blocked enforcement of a new state law that bans second-trimester abortions except at an outpatient clinic or hospital.
Updated: 07/02/2004 - Marlon Brando, the stage and screen actor whose performances in "A Streetcar Named Desire," "On the Waterfront" and "The Godfather" earned him plaudits as one of the greatest actors of all time, has died, his attorney said. He was 80.
Updated: 07/02/2004 - Two people have been indicted in a federal probe for alleged wrongdoing involving West Alabama Health Services.
Updated: 07/02/2004 - A new law is in effect to help protect you against identity theft, a crime that officials say is on the rise.
Updated: 07/02/2004 - This year's Fourth of July parade will take on even more meaning. Former Iraqi prisoner, Thomas Hamil will serve as the grand marshal in his hometown.
Updated: 07/01/2004 - An investigation continues into a fatal accident in Newton.
Updated: 07/01/2004 - A Mississippi law that took effect Thursday is designed to help people recover from identity theft.
Updated: 07/01/2004 - A company has proposed a plan to make the cost of inmate healthcare cheaper for Lauderdale County.
Updated: 07/01/2004 - Three suspects are jailed in the armed robbery of J's Package Store Wednesday night.
Updated: 07/01/2004 - One of Mississippi's largest employers is getting larger. More jobs are coming to the Choctaw reservations.
Updated: 06/30/2004 - Mississippi legislators adjourned their special session without voting to keep the Department of Human Services alive. But a judge issued a court order late Wednesday.
Updated: 06/30/2004 - The new Medicaid changes continue to cause concern for thousands of Mississippians. The division of Medicaid is trying to inform individuals of exactly what those changes will mean.
Updated: 06/30/2004 - Lauderdale County Habitat for Humanity has built and dedicated its 41st new house.
Updated: 06/30/2004 - The Meridian School Board has made changes in its policies for the 2004-2005 school year.
Updated: 06/30/2004 - It has been a good summer for students in a program at Fitkins Church of the Nazarene in Meridian.
Updated: 06/30/2004 - The investigation into the death of Leota Brunson by the Meridian Police Department continues.
Updated: 06/30/2004 - The newest member of the Mississippi Legislature, Gale Gregory of Louisville, was sworn in Wednesday.
Updated: 06/30/2004 - Slow down or prepare to pay the price, literally. Fines for violating traffic laws in construction areas go up July 1.
Updated: 06/29/2004 - Three suspects are being sought in back-to-back robberies in Lauderdale and Neshoba Counties.
Updated: 06/29/2004 - A lawsuit has been filed against the City of Meridian seeking to block annexation.
Updated: 06/29/2004 - The sound shop has closed at its Bonita Lakes Mall location.
Updated: 06/29/2004 - Children got a chance to ride along with the telephone man as he went about his daily business.


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Miami Heat v Charlotte Bobcats - Game Four
Josh McRoberts of the Charlotte Bobcats shoots against the Miami Heat... News PhotoBasketball - Sport,Charlotte - North Carolina,Charlotte Hornets,Game Four,Horizontal,Josh McRoberts,Making a Basket,Miami Heat - Basketball Team,NBA Playoffs,NBA Pro Basketball,North Carolina - US State,Playoffs,Quarterfinal Round,Sport,Taking a Shot - Sport,Time Warner Cable Arena,USAPhotographer Brock Williams-SmithCollection: National Basketball Association 2014 NBAECHARLOTTE, NC - APRIL 28: Josh McRoberts #11 of the Charlotte Bobcats shoots against the Miami Heat in Game Four of the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals in the 2014 NBA Playoffs at the Time Warner Cable Arena on April 28, 2014 in Charlotte, North Carolina. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and or using this photograph, User is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement. Mandatory Copyright Notice: Copyright 2014 NBAE (Photo by Brock Williams-Smith/NBAE via Getty Images)


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Welcome to RPM Motorsports. Here you will learn about our races, the race team and personal life. RPM Motorsports is currently a Karting race team located in SouthFlorida, we call Homestead Karting our Home track, and currently race the local series in TaG Masters as well as the Rok Cup in masters. We are a family operated race team and we are proud of that, on any given weekend you'll find racer Rudy Pantaleon with brother Harold helping him on the pits and a group of friends that race together, we are a big happy racing family.
We hope you enjoy our website and ask you to follow me in twitter @RudypMD.


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The practical and portable kitchen island is space saving and functional kitchen utility that will make your kitchen look elegant and will make your cooking experience into a real pleasure. Each portable kitchen island manufactured by the well-known company John Boos is constructed of durable material, solid wood and with a delicate attention to each detail. Modern portable kitchen islands are great addition to any kitchen, big or small. The practical and elegantly designed kitchen islands suit perfectly in larger L, U and G-shape kitchens.
If you are looking for durable and elegant portable stainless steel kitchen island, be sure to find what you need at our online shop. Our portable kitchen island comes equipped standard with a 30" x 20" x 1 3/4" thick edge grain butcher block top with a sealed finish. The stainless steel front drawer is constructed with dovetail sides for durability. Two stainless steel shelves are provided with the middle shelf being reversible. The portable stainless steel kitchen island is shipped knocked down and please allows 7-14 working days for delivery.
If the kitchen is too small, the best option will be to choose the modern portable kitchen island with cutting board countertop, as it will spare much more working space and add much comfort. The handy portable kitchen island with cutting board countertop is very space saving tool, which will make any meal preparation a snap. Browse our collection of affordable portable kitchen islands and choose the best portable kitchen island with cutting board countertop manufactured by the finest company in the kitchen accessories industry � John Boos.
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At ChoppingBlocks we have been specializing in selling various kitchen accessories: portable kitchen islands, cutting boards, hanging pot racks, bamboo chopping blocks, etc. We are proud to offer you hundreds of products for kitchen manufactured by John Boos. Our goal is to provide you with friendly services, good values and top brand portable kitchen islands, hanging pot racks and other kitchen accessories.


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October 21, 2010
Pablo Castillo, MD, PhD
Professor, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
"Endocannabinoid-mediated plasticity: novel mechanisms and synaptic rules"
Endocannabinoids have emerged as the best example of retrograde signaling at central synapses. Typically, by targeting type 1 cannabinoid receptors, these small lipids can regulate transmitter release in a transient or consolidated manner. Dr. Castillo (Einstein, New York) will discuss key rules governing endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity, as well as novel forms of endocannabinoid signaling in the brain.
Host: Andres Barria
Wednesday - October 27, 2010
Special lecture: 2010 Lamport Lecture
Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, PhD
Chief of the Section on Organelle Biology in the Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, NICHD, National Institutes of Health
"Breakthroughs in imaging using photoactivatable fluorescent protein technology"
4:00pm, T-739
Photoactivatable fluorescent proteins (PA-FPs) are molecules that switch to a new fluorescent state in response to activation to generate a high level of contrast. Several types of PA-FPs have been developed, including PA-FPs that fluoresce green or red, or convert from green to red in response to activating light. The optical highlighting capability of PA-FPs has led to the rise of novel imaging techniques providing important new biological insights. These range from in cellulo pulse-chase labeling for tracking subpopulations of cells, organelles or proteins under physiological settings, to super-resolution imaging of single molecules for determining intracellular protein distributions at nanometer precision. The use of PA-FPs in super-resolution imaging of single molecules is a rapidly emerging field of microscopy that improves the spatial resolution of light microscopy by over an order of magnitude (10-20 nm resolution). It is based on the controlled activation and sampling of sparse subsets of photoconvertible fluorescent molecules whose illumination centroids are fitted and then summed into a final super resolution image, revealing the complex distribution of dense populations of molecules within subcellular structures with nanometer precision. The full potential of PA-FPs in conventional, diffraction-limited and super-resolution imaging is only beginning to be realized. Here, I discuss the diverse array of PA-FPs available to researchers and the new imaging techniques they make possible for unraveling long-standing biological questions.
November 04, 2010
Johanna Montgomery, University of Auckland
"Postsynaptic density proteins as regulators of synaptic function and plasticity"
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) are two major forms of synaptic plasticity expressed in the hippocampus. The induction and expression of synaptic plasticity are dependent on the NMDA and AMPA-type glutamate receptors respectively. The recruitment of receptors to synapses depends on their interaction with scaffold proteins at the postsynaptic density (PSD). SAP97 and PSD95 are central organizers of the PSD, simultaneously binding to receptors and to other synaptic scaffold or regulator proteins through numerous interaction domains. Alternative splicing of SAP97 transcripts gives rise to palmitoylated αSAP97 and L27-domain containing βSAP97 isoforms that differentially regulate the subsynaptic localization of GluR1 subunits of AMPA receptors. We have found that both α- and β- forms of SAP97 regulate synaptic plasticity via independent mechanisms. Examination of the surface pools of AMPARs and NMDARs indicates that αSAP97 selectively regulates the synaptic pool of AMPARs, whereas βSAP97 regulates the extrasynaptic pools of both AMPARs and NMDARs. Knockdown of βSAP97 rescues the synaptic localization of both AMPARs and NMDARs, showing that endogenous βSAP97 restricts glutamate receptor expression at excitatory synapses. Our data support a model wherein SAP97 isoforms can regulate the future ability of synapses to undergo plasticity by controlling the surface distribution of AMPARs and NMDARs.
Host: Ed Rubel
Co-hosting Department: Bloedel Research Center
November 18, 2010
John Bekkers
Associate Professor, The Australian National University
"Cortical microcircuits for processing odors"
The piriform (or primary olfactory) cortex is a three-layered paleocortex that is thought to assemble "odor images" from the chemical components detected by olfactory receptor neurons in the nose. How the piriform cortex achieves this high-level synthetic task, despite its relatively simple architecture, is unknown. We are tackling this question by taking a bottom-up neurophysiological approach in brain slices. I will present our recent work on the major types of neurons in the piriform cortex and how they are wired into cortical microcircuits. Our findings will allow us to test ideas about the cellular processing that occurs in the piriform cortex when an animal sniffs an odor.
Host: Jane Sullivan
December 09, 2010
David Rector
Professor, Washington State University
"Electrical and Vascular Markers of Sleep and Performance"
Increasing evidence points to the idea that any brain region that has been used more might need more sleep. This is particularly evident in rodents that use their whiskers in the dark, and visual system during the light; they exhibit greater amounts of slow wave activity in the respective brain regions. Such evidence may lead to a paradigm shift in sleep research to a more universal model of distributed sleep where the fundamental properties of sleep can be defined within the context of small neural units, but orchestrated by central mechanisms that help to consolidate sleep. We explored two physiological sleep markers that can be localized to cortical columns, namely, an electrical marker apparent as a change in the size and shape of an evoked response, and an evoked metabolic marker, evident as a change in the ability for the tissue vasculature to deliver blood to the activated tissue.
Host: Eb Fetz
January 20, 2011
Jeff Riffell
Assistant Professor, UW Dept. Biology
"The molecular and neural bases of scent and search behavior"
Chemical communication mediates a variety of critical biological processes. Sensory perception of chemical signals, for example, strongly influences reproduction, foraging, and immune function. In this talk, I will show that the physiological bases of olfactory navigation play important roles in regulating behavior and mediating biological interactions. I will illustrate this point with examples from 1) sperm chemosensory behavior, where molecular mechanisms mediating chemotactic behavior are important in fertilization, and 2) olfaction in insects, where odor preference and learning shape the selectivity of the olfactory system, which in turn mediates behavior. While these two sensory systems operate at different spatial scales, both employ similar behavioral search strategies (flux detection) as a means to locate odor sources. In studying these two systems, comparisons can be made to understand how chemical communication systems operate depending upon the environment in which they exist.
Host: Adrienne Fairhall
Tuesday - March 01, 2011
Special lecture: 2011 Hille Lecture
Erwin Neher
Professor and Director of the Membrane Biophysics Department, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
"Biophysics of Short-term Synaptic Plasticity"
3:30pm, Foege S-060
The term synaptic plasticity describes the fact that connection strengths between the neurons of our brain change constantly in a use-dependent manner. These changes occur on many time scales and underly many of the computational capabilities of our brain. Molecular mechanisms for the fast forms, for so-called short-term plasticity, are still a matter of debate. The Calyx of Held, a glutamatergic presynaptic terminal in the auditory pathway, is large enough that quantitative biophysical techniques, such as voltage clamp, Ca++ fluorimetry and Ca++ uncaging can be applied. Using these experimental tools, we have studied the role of Ca++ and other second messengers in neurotransmitter release and short-term synaptic plasticity (see E. Neher and T. Sakaba, 2008, Neuron 59, 861-872 for review). The lecture will cover a number of biophysically interesting aspects of neurotransmitter release, such as i) the amplitude and time-course of the nanodomain Ca++ signal near open channels, which triggers release, ii) the depletion and refilling of synaptic vesicle pools, and iii) a discussion of the question what limits neurotransmitter release during episodes of high synaptic activity.
March 03, 2011
Alex Maier, National Institute of Mental Health
"Does activity in the primary visual cortex support perceptual experience?"
Primary visual cortex (V1) is one of the best studied structures of the primate brain and much of its functional properties are well understood, but whether its neural activity contributes to our conscious experience is a matter of long-standing debate. Using visual illusions such as perceptual suppression, in which a salient visual pattern escapes perception entirely, experimenters can ask if neural responses encode an observers perceptual interpretation or if they truthfully represent the physical structure of a stimulus instead. Single neuron recordings in macaque monkeys as well as neuroimaging studies in humans have successfully applied this paradigm to determine the extent to which activity in primary visual cortex reflects perceptual experience. However, while neurophysiological data from monkeys suggests that V1 neurons represent retinal input regardless of a subjects perceptual state, human neuroimaging (fMRI) studies consistently demonstrate the presence of a strong perceptual signal. To understand the basis of this discrepancy, and to compare V1 signals directly during perceptual suppression, we conducted fMRI experiments and neuronal recordings in monkeys that were trained to indicate their perception during this visual illusion. Under conditions in which a stimulus was present but rendered perceptually invisible, we found a sharp divergence between single neuron responses and the hemodynamic fMRI responses in V1, resolving previously discrepant results. Yet, we also found a direct correlate of the perception-related fMRI response in the so-called local field potential (LFP), which might signify the presence of an unknown neural mechanism that correlates with the subjects perceptual state. We have started to investigate the cellular basis of this signal by converting LFP into a measure of current flow across cellular membranes for the entire laminar structure of the cortical sheet. Using this technique, we have found a strong functional division between the upper and lower layers of V1, suggesting selective modulation by intrinsic connections, other cortical areas and subcortical structures, respectively. These findings, taken together, suggest that the perceptual outcome of visual stimulation is defined by a dynamic network spanning multiple cortical areas, including V1. Future work will determine the neural dynamics of inter-areal interactions underlying conscious perceptual experience.
Host: Stan Froehner
March 10, 2011
Yi Zhou, PhD, Johns Hopkins University
"The Cocktail Party Phenomenon - sound analysis from the perspective of single neurons"
One task routinely faced by the auditory system is the parsing of a mixture of sounds that overlap in frequency, location, and time. My research seeks to understand the neural mechanisms underlying sound processing in a noisy environment, the so-called cocktail party phenomenon. More specifically, how do single neurons process competing information produced by multiple sounds and how is this information represented in the neural responses. Based on results from electrophysiological studies in marmoset monkeys, I will show that, in the awake condition, the spatial-location and sound-level responses of auditory cortex neurons are modulated by inhibition. Functionally, inhibition prevents response summation when more than one sound is played, allows competition between spike-time patterns associated with different sounds, and increases the variability in the ensemble activity of neurons. This process demonstrates that multi-sound analysis is supported by inhibitory components in receptive field structures of cortical neurons. Future theory and experiments that study the variability information in ensemble neuronal responses will be critical for understanding the neural mechanisms of sound processing in a noise environment.
Host: Stan Froehner
March 17, 2011
Robert Fettiplace
Professor of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison
"Prestin and cochlear amplification: the paradox of the outer hair cell membrane time constant"
Outer hair cells (OHCs) provide amplification in the mammalian cochlea using somatic force generation underpinned by voltage-dependent gating of the motor protein prestin. A problem with this mechanism is attenuation of the receptor potential at high frequencies by the OHC membrane RC filter with time constant, τm. We made recordings from OHCs in isolated cochleas of neonatal rats and gerbils and measured τm in cells at different locations corresponding to characteristic frequencies (CF) of 0.35 10 kHz. When hair bundles were exposed to endolymphatic Ca2+ (0.02 mM), about half the mechanotransducer (MT) channels opened at rest causing OHCs to depolarize to near 30 mV and, by activating a voltage-dependent K+ conductance, lowered τm. The opening of the MT channels in endolymph depended on using the appropriate intracellular calcium buffer which was estimated with perforated patch recordings as equivalent to 1 mM BAPTA. By inserting measured MT and K+ conductances into an equivalent electrical circuit, including an endolymphatic potential, we predicted the in vivo OHC resting potential across CFs was 40 mV and the membrane corner frequency (1/2 π τm0) roughly matched CF. We propose that minimal τm filtering in vivo ensures optimal activation of prestin by CF receptor potentials, thus removing a major argument against prestin underlying cochlear amplification.
Host: Peter Detwiler
March 24, 2011
Nathan Sniadecki
Assistant Professor, University of Washington, Mechanical Engineering
"The Little Cell That Could Tug: Traction Forces, Intercellular Forces, and Mechanotransduction at the Cell-Matrix and Cell-Cell Interface."
Forces are essential for a cells ability to adhere, migrate, or contract. These forces are regulated by interactions between actin, myosin, and focal adhesion proteins, but mechanical factors such as stiffness, cell shape, adhesion area, and external stresses influence a cells ability to generate force. It has been difficult to characterize how cells sense and respond to mechanical factors because of shortcomings in the current techniques to control the cellular microenvironment. I will present the engineering approaches my lab uses to study cellular forces in response to mechanical factors. We focus on cell mechanics in the cardiovascular system and are specifically interested in the role that mechanical factors play in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. We use 1) arrays of micro- or nanoscale cantilever posts to measure cellular forces, 2) engineered system to control the mechanical forces acting on cells, and 3) computational approaches for image analysis and cell mechanics models. In my talk, I will highlight our recent work on how applied forces can regulate cytoskeletal tension through mechanotransduction. In multicellular structures like the endothelium, changes in cytoskeletal tension in individual cells affects the tugging force between cells. This tugging force, in turn, can affect the maintenance of the cell-cell contacts. Together these engineering approaches help advance a pathway towards understanding how cells operate in a physical world and how detection of mechanical changes can be early indicators of pathological conditions.
Host: Chip Asbury
March 31, 2011
Susan Ingram
Associate Clinical Professor, Washington State University - Vancouver
"Role of mu-opioid receptor desensitization in morphine tolerance: the presynaptic/postsynaptic paradox"
Our current work focuses on mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) modulation and changes in synaptic transmission associated with long-term opioid use. We have recently observed that the well-described opioid-induced desensitization of mu-opioid receptors does not occur at presynaptic GABAergic terminals indicating that regulatory mechanisms and potentially GPCR protein scaffolds are different at pre- and postsynaptic sites.
Host: Sharona Gordon
April 14, 2011
Hendrikje Nienborg, MD, PhD
Senior Research Associate, Salk Institute for Biological Studies
"Exploring the origin of decision related activity in early visual cortex."
A major effort in systems neuroscience is directed towards understanding the neural mechanisms of decision-making. Previous studies have demonstrated that during perceptual decision tasks, the activity of individual sensory neurons correlates with an animals perceptual decision, i.e. these sensory neurons show decision related activity. A widely held view explains this decision related activity as the causal effect of feed forward noise in sensory neurons on perceptual decisions. I will present evidence obtained from recordings in visual cortex of monkeys performing a visual discrimination task that challenges this view. It suggests that a component of decision related activity in visual neurons reflects top-down signals. Understanding the role of these top-down signals for perceptual decision making, and their interactions with feed forward sensory processing, will be greatly helped by combining optogenetic and viral vector based approaches to target circuit elements, such cortico-cortical feed-back. My current work uses these approaches to examine the role of inhibition on visual processing in the primary visual cortex of the awake monkey.
Host: Stan Froehner
April 28, 2011
Dane Chetkovich
Associate Professor, Northwestern University
"Regulation of HCN channels by the brain auxiliary subunit, TRIP8b"
HCN channels are critical for normal and abnormal brain function. The brain HCN channel auxiliary subunit, TRIP8b, interacts with HCN subunits at 2 distinct binding sites to control trafficking and gating of HCN channels. TRIP8b binds to the HCN subunit C-terminal tripeptides as well as directly with the cyclic nucleotide binding domains (CNBD). This talk will illustrate the mechanisms and functional importance of TRIP8b/HCN subunit interactions and discuss the behavioral outcomes of deletion of the gene encoding TRIP8b in mice.
Host: William N. Zagotta
May 12, 2011
Special lecture: 2011 Crill Lecture
Stephen Smith
Professor of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University
Ill describe my laboratorys work with array tomography, a powerful new high-resolution proteomic imaging method we invented to explore the very-high-dimensional molecular architectures of brains, neurons and synapses. We are applying array tomography to define synaptomes, bodies of knowledge designed to add the molecular component annotation necessary for complete and useful neural circuit connectomes. We are concentrating especially on the search for patterns of change in synapse and circuit architectures associated with memory storage. Ill also share some of the new glimpses array tomography provides of the really stunning beauty of brain circuitry. Background: The foundation of modern neuroscience is a consensus that neural network architectures completely determine all brain function, including memory and mind. Even in the simplest animal brains, however, neural networks are extremely complex, individually variable, and plastic. Although rapid progress in computation and imaging methods has greatly aided recent efforts, the goal of extracting neural circuit wiring diagrams, or connectomes, has remained elusive. Moreover, while it once seemed likely that wiring diagrams alone might suffice to constrain network function, this prospect has faded with growing recognition of the plasticity and proteomic diversity of individual neurons and their synapses. It has now become clear that neural network architectures must be defined with much finer granularity, extending down to the level of individual neural signaling proteins (e.g. ion channels, receptors, transporters, kinases, etc.). This moves the goalposts even further away. Fortunately, the rapid growth of available computation keeps alive the hope of grappling the brains seemingly astronomical complexity and eventually cracking the network architecture codes for behavior, memory, and mind.
Host: Stan Froehner
May 19, 2011
Andrew Huberman
Assistant Professor, UCSD
"Genetic approaches to understanding how the visual systems works and wires up"
Host: Adrienne Fairhall
Co-hosting Department: Biological Structure
May 26, 2011
Andres Barria
Assistant Professor, University of Washington
"Trafficking and Function of NMDA-receptors. A Tale of Two Receptors"
Glutamatergic synapses vary across brain regions in terms of properties and functions. A constant element in these synapses is the presence of NMDA-type glutamate receptors; a receptor that presumably does not participates in the transfer of information. Subunit composition of NMDARs in most brain regions changes throughout development in a process regulated by synaptic activity. We are interested in understanding how synaptic activity regulates the number and type of synaptic NMDARs and how NMDARs in turn contribute to define the properties and function of glutamatergic synapses.
Host: Stan Froehner
June 09, 2011
Michael Gutnick, Hebrew University
"Sodium Channels and Cortical Neuronal Excitability"
Host: Adrienne Fairhall/David Perkel
June 30, 2011
Joshua Dudman, Janelia Farm Research Campus
"Towards a functional architecture of the midbrain GABAergic circuits underlying appetitive conditioning in the mouse"
Dopaminergic neurons of the ventral midbrain are thought to play a crucial role in adaptive learning in vertebrates. Extracellular recordings from behaving animals have shown that individual dopamine neurons modulate their firing rate in response to novel appetitive and aversive stimuli as well as predictive stimuli. There are substantial complexities to the details of signaling by dopamine neurons and their relationship to behavior. We have focused on the role of local, putative GABAergic neurons in the control of dopamine neuron activity using both extracellular recordings from freely moving mice as well as circuit mapping in vitro. I will discuss our recent unpublished work that provides evidence that midbrain GABAergic neurons provide an important source of inhibition that is likely to, in part, determine the response of dopamine neurons to conditioned stimuli.
Host: Fred Rieke


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DURHAM, N.H. - Junior Michelle Harley (Collegeville, Pa.), a member of the University of New Hampshire gymnastics team, was named Thursday to the women's university at-large Verizon Academic All-District First Team. Harley was one of 10 student-athletes from New England and New York to be named to the squad. It marks the second straight year that Harley was a first team selection.
Harley has collected numerous academic accolades in her three years at UNH. A mathematics major, she has been a three-time East Atlantic Gymnastics League (EAGL) All-Academic Team selection and a two-time NACGC/W Scholastic All-American. Harley is also a recipient of the Dean's Scholarship Award as well as the University Honors Award.
This past season, Harley became the Wildcats' first EAGL champion since 1998 when she posted a 9.875 on balance beam. The 2000 EAGL Rookie of the Year, Harley collected conference honors this season as a second team selection on vault and balance beam.
A graduate of Methacton High School, Harley also recorded two of the top five all-around scores in UNH history in 2002 as the Wildcats advanced to NCAA regional competition for the 21st-consecutive year. Against Penn State on Feb. 9, Harley's score of 39.275 in all four events was good for third on the New Hampshire all-time list. She followed that up with a 39.225 one week later against Alaska, the fifth-highest score in Wildcat history.
Harley is now eligible to be named to the Verizon Academic All-America Women's At-Large Team. The at-large category encompasses the sports of gymnastics, crew, fencing, field hockey, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, rifle, skiing, swimming, tennis and water polo.


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First Baptist Church of Sweetwater invites the public to join in celebrating the opening of the newly remodeled Education Building. The building will provide safe and functional meeting rooms and multi-purpose rooms for church education and community events.
Motorists in Texas are paying on average $3.30 for a gallon of unleaded regular gasoline, a 22 cents hike in one week which represents the biggest one-week increase since September, 2005. Nationally prices also jumped 20 cents to $3.43 a gallon according to AAA Texas.
Between Aug. 31 to Sept. 5, 2005, the days before and after Hurricane Katrina slammed into New Orleans, prices in Texas increased 40 cents in one week. Nationally during that same period, the average price for gasoline increased 35 cents.
L.D. "Snake" Gatson, age 77, of Eastland, passed away Wednesday, March 2, 2011 in Eastland.
Graveside funeral services will be held Saturday, March 5, at 2 p.m. at the Eastland City Cemetery with Rev. Danny Brown officiating. Services are under the direction of the Edwards Funeral Home in Eastland.
Funeral services for Larry Vance, 59, of Sweetwater, are pending with McCoy Funeral Home.
Vance died Thursday, March 3, 2011, at Hendrick Medical center in Abilene.
All games at SW's Newman Park field
Slaton 3, San Angelo Lake View 2
Wall 18, Lamesa 2
Post 9, Ozona 3
Clyde 4, Slaton 3
Wall 7, San Angelo Lake View 0
Ozona 3, Lamesa 1
Sweetwater 7, Post 0
8:30 a.m. — Clyde vs. Wall
10:30 a.m. — Post vs. San Angelo Lake View
12:30 p.m. — Slaton vs. Wall
2:30 p.m. — San Angelo Lake View vs. Clyde
4:30 p.m. — Lamesa vs. Sweetwater
6:30 p.m. — Ozona vs. Slaton
8:30 p.m. — Ozona vs. Sweetwater
9 a.m. — San Angelo Lake View vs. Lamesa
11:30 a.m. — Sweet-water vs. Post
2 p.m. — Slaton vs. Sweetwater
Most people who follow baseball would agree that an inside-the-park home run and a no-hitter are two of the most exciting things in the sport.
Sweetwater fans got to see their team pull off both feats against Post in Thursday's opening day of the Wood Bat Classic.
Cameron Fox's inside-the-park homer capped a three-run outburst in the first inning off Post's Chess Postell. And that was more than enough cushion for Sweetwater's freshman hurler Kaleb Hoover, who pitched a no-hitter in his five-inning stint and struck out six in a 7-0 win.
Sweetwater High School's softball team posed with its plaque after a third-place finish at its tournament this past weekend at Jerry Collins Complex. Pictured are, top row, head coach Steve Roberts; middle row from left, Keyli Turner, Jackie Carey, Taylor McKoy, Morgan Runge, Alicia Finn, Maty Montgomery, Loni Mendez; front row, Kelsi Crosson, Kendra Crosson, Angela Garza, Jerren Villa, Kinsey Browning, Suede Shirley. The Lady Mustangs are 6-3 this season and play at San Angelo Lake View at 10:30 a.m. Saturday.


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Continued thoughts on Instagram from earlier today….
Thought 6: If you're a professional creative, you can also post serious pics
There are a number who have been already hard at work. Although she's not in sports, check out Daniella Rosario from Brazil (IG @daniellarosario - pics to the right). If you don't have Instragram here is her blog http://www.daniellarosario.com.br/ . Note, that I'm asking for forgiveness after the fact here so check her out.
She's also kind enough to promote other photographers she likes so cruise her collection on IG to find more examples. At this resolution, any theft would probably be outweighed by the additional awareness of the work I'd guess. Note, that theft is still an ongoing issue on IG, so take that into account and consider watermarking your pics.
Thought 7: Explore the Iphone editing apps available to you
I swear I can edit a photo on my iphone 2x faster than on a laptop. Camera+ is where I suggest you start. The filters in IG are great, but you can do so much more outside. Fact: In two years of being an Iphone owner, photo editing apps have been the only ones I was happy to pay for. That's me though…
Thought 8: Get on the Pop page
From what I can tell, you'll want +200 followers to start making the page. As professionals, I'll leave the artistry to you. Not surprisingly, I can tell you IGers tend to favor quality pics that are interesting. The key is to have a large enough base of followers since the IG pop page algorithm has a lot to do with momentum in the first hour.
Thought 9: Feed word of mouth
For integrated marketing (buzz word alert!) add IG to your website as well as post pics to Facebook, Twitter and/or Tumblr. Another approach I've seen is to host\judge a contest of user photography in your genre. This can position you as an authority.
Thought 10: Direct the right audience to your feed
Figure out the right hashtags (#actionsports etc) so your feed can be easily discovered by community members interested in topics related to your work and tag your pics accordingly. I've been lazy with this, so do as I say, not as I do. Also, think about creating a #[yourbrandname] hashtag. Then, create an RSS feed so non Iphone users can follow using this format http://instagr.am/tags/[hashtag name]/feed/recent.rss
Last thought: It's about integration, so don't forget about your other social channels
Instagram killed my Twitter time as indicated by my Klout diving 30 points over the summer. Oops.


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Hotels in 96730 - Kaaawa HI
Only hotels in 96730 zip code are listed below. Search for cheap and discount hotel rates in Kaaawa, HI for your upcoming leisure or conference / group travel. We list the best 96730 hotels and motels so you can review the Kaaawa hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. Hotels in Honolulu county and area code 808 are also listed.
96730 Hotels, Motels & Accommodations
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Congrats Andy, hope it's not an Aprils fool
Especially because you've been dead on
Moderator: Unholy
jasonh300 wrote:
gettingthere wrote:It's a community awareness thing to keep up the morale. A spreadsheet is not going to have the same affect and as you know the spreadsheets get hosed. You don't have to participate if you are not interested.
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Michael De Leon
Michael A. De Leon is a graphic designer by day, but wears many hats in his off time. In 2004, after several years of covering the Spurs, he started Project Spurs, a Spurs team fansite as an outlet to provide content to Spurs fans, while continuing to write for himself and learning the ins and outs of online publishing and web design. He has since built a writing team and started a popular weekly Spurs podcast called the Spurscast.
Yearly Archive for 2012
Report: Spurs to sign Ike Diogu
By Jeff Garcia & Trevor Zickgraf, Project Spurs According to Sports Illustrated's Sam Amik, the San Antonio Spurs have signed journeyman forward Ike Diogu to a one-year deal. Diogu played with the Los Angeles Clippers last season and averaged 5.8 points, and 3.2 rebounds in 36 games for the Clippers. Click HERE for the complete report at […] [Read More]
Rodman starts topless basketball
By Kyle Boenitz, Project Spurs Let's take a break from all the Manu Ginobili, broken finger talk and enjoy a moment of levity courtesy of former San Antonio Spurs forward Dennis Rodman. For a retired basketball player and new Hall of Famer, Rodman sure is making a lot of headlines. Last month he played a charity basketball […] [Read More]
Video: RJ reacts to Ginobili's injury
By Jeff Garcia, Project Spurs That loud thud you heard across the globe probably was San Antonio Spurs fans slamming their hand on something hard in frustration when Manu Ginobili fractured his finger in the second quarter of last night's loss to the Minnesota Timberwolves. To make matters worse, Manu will be out of action for […] [Read More]
Finley wants to come back to the NBA?
By Kyle Boenitz, Project Spurs Does everyone know where former San Antonio Spurs guard Michael Finley finished out his NBA career? The answer is the Boston Celtics. If you didn't know that, I don't blame you. After Finley left the Spurs, he kind of faded into obscurity, trying to contribute what he could to a […] [Read More]
Manu goes down, Spurs have little time to regroup
By Trevor Zickgraf, Project Spurs In case you missed the collective groan Monday night, San Antonio Spurs guard Manu Ginobili fractured the fifth metacarpal in his left hand in the 2nd quarter of the Spurs' loss at Minnesota. That's doctor talk for his left pinky. Spurs assistant coach Don Newman said after the game they […] [Read More]
Utah's Howard fined by NBA for flagrant foul on Spurs' Anderson
By Jeff Garcia, Project Spurs Utah Jazz forward Josh Howard was fined $25,0000 by the NBA for a flagrant foul two on San Antonio Spurs' James Anderson. Initially, the foul was deemed a flagrant one foul but was upgraded by the league. Click HERE for the complete article at Project Spurs. [Read More]
Gameday Q&A: Spurs vs. Timberwolves
By Jeff Garcia, Project Spurs The San Antonio Spurs will face the Minnesota Timberwolves tonight in Minnesota as San Antonio looks to continue their winning ways versus the Timberwolves. San Antonio has won an impressive 16 games in a row against Minnesota including eight straight at the Target Center. However, this isn't the hapless Minnesota […] [Read More]
Spurs send Neal to Austin
By Michael A. De Leon, ProjectSpurs.com San Antonio Spurs guard Gary Neal is headed to the state capital, according to a news release from the Spurs. Neal, who underwent a successful appendectomy on December 12, will be playing through a rehab stint for the Toros. Spurs guard James Anderson was sent down on a similar […] [Read More]
Scouting the Timberwolves: Spurs to face Spanish sensation Rubio
By Paul Garcia, ProjectSpurs.com After a day of rest and a 104-89 victory over the Utah Jazz on Saturday evening, the San Antonio Spurs (3-1) return to action Monday night looking to earn their first road win of the season as they face Kevin Love, Michael Beasley, Spanish sensation Ricky Rubio, and the Minnesota Timberwolves […] [Read More]
Spurscast #267: First impressions
On this episode of the Spurscast, our first of the 2011-12 season, Jeff and I talked about our thoughts on the San Antonio Spurs' full first week of play, including wins against the Grizzlies and Clippers and loss against the Rockets. We went in detail on some of the newer players, rate Tiago Splitter's early […] [Read More]
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Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. Reports Results For Fiscal Third Quarter - Net Earnings per Diluted Share of $1.03 - Quarterly Net Sales Increase by Approximately 15.3% - Quarterly Comparable Store Sales Increase by Approximately 1.7% - Board of Directors Authorizes a New $2.5 Billion Share Repurchase Program - Modeling Fiscal Fourth Quarter 2012 Net Earnings per Diluted Share of Approximately $1.60 to $1.67 - Modeling Full Year Net Earnings per Diluted Share to Increase by Approximately 10% to 12%, Consistent with Prior Estimates PR Newswire UNION, N.J., Dec. 19, 2012 UNION, N.J., Dec. 19, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. today reported net earnings of $1.03 per diluted share ($232.8 million) in the fiscal third quarter ended November 24, 2012, an increase of approximately 8.4% versus net earnings of $.95 per diluted share ($228.5 million) in the same quarter a year ago. Net sales for the fiscal third quarter of 2012 were approximately $2.702 billion, an increase of approximately 15.3% from net sales of approximately $2.344 billion reported in the fiscal third quarter of 2011. Comparable store sales in the fiscal third quarter of 2012 increased by approximately 1.7%, compared with an increase of approximately 4.1% in last year's fiscal third quarter. The Company estimates that the impact of Hurricane Sandy reduced its comparable store sales percentage during the fiscal third quarter by approximately 0.9%. The Company is pleased to announce that its Board of Directors has authorized a new $2.5 billion share repurchase program. The Company is currently planning that the new share repurchase program will commence after completion of the existing share repurchase program.During the fiscal third quarter of 2012, the Company repurchased approximately $191 million of its common stock, representing approximately 3.1 million shares, under its existing share repurchase program authorized in December 2010. As of November 24, 2012, the remaining balance of the existing share repurchase program was approximately $223 million. Since 2004 through the fiscal third quarter of 2012, the Company has returned approximately $4.7 billion to our shareholders through share repurchases. "Our Board authorized this new share repurchase program based upon its continued confidence in our Company's long-term growth potential, financial outlook and cash flow generation," said Steven Temares, Chief Executive Officer and Member of the Board of Directors. "It is anticipated that this $2.5 billion share repurchase program will be funded from current cash and future cash flows. That said, our Company's Board of Directors continues to review our capital structure on an ongoing basis. In addition to providing value to our shareholders through share repurchase programs, our strong operations should allow us to continue to invest in our infrastructure and maintain our flexibility to take advantage of opportunities as they may arise." For the fiscal nine months ended November 24, 2012, the Company reported net earnings of $2.89 per diluted share ($663.9 million), an increase of approximately 11.2% over net earnings of $2.60 per diluted share ($638.5 million) in the corresponding period a year ago. Net sales for the fiscal nine months of 2012 were approximately $7.513 billion, an increase of approximately 11.0% from net sales of approximately $6.768 billion in the corresponding period a year ago. Comparable store sales for the fiscal nine months of 2012 increased by approximately 2.7%, compared with an increase of approximately 5.5% in last year's fiscal nine months. The Company is modeling net earnings per diluted share to be approximately $1.60 to $1.67 for the fiscal fourth quarter of 2012 and, consistent with prior estimates, to be approximately $4.48 to $4.54 for all of fiscal 2012, which will be 53 weeks and includes World Market and Linen Holdings from the date of each acquisition to the end of the fiscal year. The modeling of net earnings per diluted share is based upon a number of planning assumptions which will be described in the Company's third quarter of fiscal 2012 conference call. Information regarding access to the call is available in the Investor Relations section of the Company's website, www.bedbathandbeyond.com. The accompanying consolidated financial information includes the accounts of Linen Holdings since the date of its acquisition on June 1, 2012 and Cost Plus, Inc. ("World Market") since the date of its acquisition on June 29, 2012. Linen Holdings, a business-to-business distributor, is excluded from the comparable store sales calculations and will continue to be excluded on an ongoing basis as long as it does not meet the Company's definition of comparable store sales. World Market is excluded from the comparable store sales calculations for the fiscal third quarter and nine months of 2012, and will continue to be excluded from the comparable store sales calculations until after the anniversary of the acquisition. As of November 24, 2012, the Company had a total of 1,466 stores, including 1,003 Bed Bath & Beyond stores in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and Canada, 264 stores under the names of World Market, Cost Plus World Market, or World Market Stores, 74 stores under the names of Christmas Tree Shops or andThat!, 78 buybuy BABY stores and 47 stores under the names of Harmon or Harmon Face Values. During the fiscal third quarter, the Company opened four Bed Bath & Beyond stores, seven buybuy BABY stores, six World Market stores and one andThat! store while closing one Bed Bath & Beyond store. Consolidated store space as of November 24, 2012 was approximately 41.9 million square feet. Since the beginning of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 on November 25, 2012, one Bed Bath & Beyond store and two buybuyBABY stores have been opened. In addition, the Company is a partner in a joint venture which operates two stores in the Mexico City market under the name "Home & More." Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") operates a chain of retail stores under the names of Bed Bath & Beyond, World Market, Cost Plus World Market, World Market Stores, Christmas Tree Shops, andThat!, Harmon, Harmon Face Values and buybuy BABY. The Company is also a partner in a joint venture which operates retail stores in Mexico under the name "Home & More." Through its retail stores, the Company sells a wide assortment of domestics merchandise and home furnishings. Domestics merchandise includes categories such as bed linens and related items, bath items and kitchen textiles. Home furnishings include categories such as kitchen and tabletop items, fine tabletop, basic housewares, general home furnishings, consumables and certain juvenile products. Additionally, the Company includes Linen Holdings, a business-to-business distributor of a variety of textile products, amenities and other goods to customers in the hospitality, cruise line, food service, healthcare and other industries. Shares of Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. are traded on NASDAQ under the symbol "BBBY" and are included in the Standard and Poor's 500 and Global 1200 Indices and the NASDAQ-100 Index. The Company is counted among the Fortune 500 and the Forbes 2000. This press release may contain forward-looking statements. Many of these forward-looking statements can be identified by use of words such as may, will, expect, anticipate, approximate, estimate, assume, continue, model, project, plan, and similar words and phrases. The Company's actual results and future financial condition may differ materially from those expressed in any such forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. Such factors include, without limitation: general economic conditions including the housing market, a challenging overall macroeconomic environment and related changes in the retailing environment, consumer preferences and spending habits; demographics and other macroeconomic factors that may impact the level of spending for the types of merchandise sold by the Company; civil disturbances and terrorist acts; unusual weather patterns and natural disasters; competition from existing and potential competitors; competition from other channels of distribution; pricing pressures; the ability to attract and retain associates in all areas of the organization; the cost of labor, merchandise and other costs and expenses; the ability to find suitable locations at acceptable occupancy costs and other terms to support the Company's expansion program; the impact of failed auctions for auction rate securities held by the Company; uncertainty in financial markets; disruptions to the Company's information technology systems including but not limited to security breaches of the Company's systems protecting consumer and employee information; reputational risk arising from the acts of third parties; changes to statutory, regulatory and legal requirements; changes to, or new, tax laws or interpretation of existing tax laws; changes to, or new, accounting standards including, without limitation, changes to lease accounting standards; and the integration of acquired businesses. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update its forward-looking statements. BED BATH & BEYOND INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Earnings (in thousands, except per share data) (unaudited) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended November November November November 24, 26, 24, 26, 2012 2011 2012 2011 Net sales $ 2,701,801 $ 2,343,561 $ 7,513,108 $ 6,767,576 Cost of sales 1,627,791 1,384,868 4,519,230 4,000,312 Gross profit 1,074,010 958,693 2,993,878 2,767,264 Selling, general and 712,361 601,673 1,953,694 1,749,660 administrative expenses Operating profit 361,649 357,020 1,040,184 1,017,604 Interest expense, net (3,122) (602) (3,909) (1,922) Earnings before provision for income 358,527 356,418 1,036,275 1,015,682 taxes Provision for income 125,777 127,874 372,359 377,188 taxes Net earnings $ 232,750 $ 228,544 $ 663,916 $ 638,494 Net earnings per share - $ 1.04 $ 0.96 $ 2.93 $ 2.64 Basic Net earnings per share - $ 1.03 $ 0.95 $ 2.89 $ 2.60 Diluted Weighted average shares 223,687 237,802 226,362 242,033 outstanding - Basic Weighted average shares 226,661 241,718 229,551 246,019 outstanding - Diluted BED BATH & BEYOND INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands, unaudited) November 24, November 26, 2012 2011 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 672,262 $ 765,750 Short term investment securities 112,450 761,930 Merchandise inventories 2,763,907 2,357,254 Other current assets 419,234 405,950 Total current assets 3,967,853 4,290,884 Long term investment securities 74,668 101,864 Property and equipment, net 1,433,592 1,160,994 Other assets 910,723 301,374 $ 6,386,836 $ 5,855,116 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 1,088,651 $ 954,281 Accrued expenses and other current 423,202 346,871 liabilities Merchandise credit and gift card 235,789 197,932 liabilities Current income taxes payable 89,271 2,444 Total current liabilities 1,836,913 1,501,528 Deferred rent and other liabilities 479,164 318,814 Income taxes payable 93,637 124,262 Total liabilities 2,409,714 1,944,604 Total shareholders' equity 3,977,122 3,910,512 $ 6,386,836 $ 5,855,116 BED BATH & BEYOND INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands, unaudited) Nine Months Ended November 24, November 26, 2012 2011 Cash Flows from Operating Activities: Net earnings $ 663,916 $ 638,494 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation 139,411 131,989 Stock-based compensation 34,591 34,682 Tax benefit from stock-based 13,056 (430) compensation Deferred income taxes (13,897) 13,596 Other 826 (1,262) (Increase) decrease in assets, net of effect of acquisitions: Merchandise inventories (496,100) (388,347) Trading investment securities (3,508) (882) Other current assets (86,975) (55,697) Other assets (10,655) 903 Increase (decrease) in liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions: Accounts payable 292,305 238,495 Accrued expenses and other current 8,398 33,663 liabilities Merchandise credit and gift card 21,196 4,871 liabilities Income taxes payable 32,110 (97,435) Deferred rent and other 12,742 15,850 liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities 607,416 568,490 Cash Flows from Investing Activities: Purchase of held-to-maturity investment (393,578) (1,277,815) securities Redemption of held-to-maturity investment 1,031,249 1,128,125 securities Redemption of available-for-sale investment 31,715 15,550 securities Capital expenditures (238,405) (159,244) Payment for acquisitions, net of cash acquired (668,609) - Payment for acquisition of trademarks (40,000) - Net cash used in investing activities (277,628) (293,384) Cash Flows from Financing Activities: Proceeds from exercise of stock options 31,660 161,705 Excess tax benefit from stock-based 3,885 4,638 compensation Repurchase of common stock, including fees (696,237) (859,286) Net cash used in financing activities (660,692) (692,943) Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (330,904) (417,837) Cash and cash equivalents: Beginning of period 1,003,166 1,183,587 End of period $ 672,262 $ 765,750 SOURCE Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. Website: http://www.bedbathandbeyond.com Contact: Kenneth C. Frankel, +1-908-855-4554; or Eugene A. Castagna, +1-908-855-4110
Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. Reports Results For Fiscal Third Quarter
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As Business Manager for Career Services, Bill Montgomery performs the dual duties of Assistant to the Executive Director along with the responsibilities of Business Manager. He applies over 40 years of business management success in the areas of advertising and marketing, printing, trade shows, direct and retail sales, in such positions as Advertising Manager and Director, Graphics Director, Account Executive, Business Partner, Business Owner, and Communications Consultant.
Having experience in the area of NIU inventory purchasing, control and management has added to the depth of Mr. Montgomery's applied knowledge and accumulated skills.
Mr. Montgomery demonstrates a proven ability for organization and detail, applied regularly to budgeting assistance and controls, personnel management, grant administration and office operations.
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MO Bar
MIDTOWN WEST. Distinguished by its upscale attitude, this cocktail lounge has emerged as a popular place for folks who work in the Time Warner Center to gather at the close of the day with clients or out-of-town guests they'd like to impress. Trendy yet ultimately inviting, contemporary yet timelessly comfortable Mo Bar is decorated with plush leather furniture, velvet drapes and central bar topped with hammered nickel. Signature cocktails include the Full Circle (Tanqueray mixed with pomegranate and pineapple juices) and the Saketini.
TRAIN: 1, 2, 3, A, B, C, D to Columbus Cir
Address80 Columbus Cir, Mandarin Oriental Hotel, New York, NY 10023
HoursTue-Thu 4pm-12:30am; Fri-Sat 4pm-1:30am
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The Tribal Government Leadership Forum provides experience-based lessons designed for all elected and appointed tribal leaders and key tribal government staff.
Presented from a uniquely Native worldview, this program brings together outstanding respected leaders who share their experience, stories and wisdom with new and current generations of tribal government leaders.
Participants gain a better understanding of the complex world of roles and responsibilities unique to leadership of tribal governments. The program also explores how to make traditional cultural values a more effective part of the decision-making process to determine the future of Tribal Nations in a contemporary world. During this forum, presenters and participants will share strategies that can enrich their own lives and the lives of their people and communities.
Tribal Government Leadership Forum is offered in partnership with Arizona State University Office of Public Affairs.


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Tag Archives: sleep cycle
Which is the must have iPhone app and why?
Posted on08. Jun, 2010 by nat cagilaba.
OK, so maybe I'm not as much of an early adopter as I would like, but my contract tied me in to the Sony Ericsson I had chosen. But with my renewal of contract comes a whole new world. No longer am looking on enviously at the toys (apps) everyone is enjoying, now I have an [...]


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Lucille Maloney, 79, of Columbia City, died Saturday, June 18, 2011 at 10:10 a.m. at Visiting Nurse and Hospice Home, Fort Wayne.
Born March 4, 1932, in Breathitt County, Ky., she was the daughter of the late Willie and Clara (Little) Young.
Her formative years were spent in Kentucky where she completed her education.
On Sept. 30, 1949 she married Billy Gene Maloney in Kentucky.
After their marriage, they relocated to Larwill.
She has been a Columbia City resident since 1989. Besides being a wife and mother, she worked for Bond Flex Rubber for more than 30 years, retiring in 1992. She was an active member of Thorncreek Bethel Church for more than 30 years, where she served as a song leader for many years. Her other interests included fishing, traveling, gardening, and tending her flower beds.
Survivors include her son, Rev. Lannie (Ellen) Maloney; three grandchildren, Craig and Scott Maloney and Wendy (Jason) Kempf all of Columbia City; great-grandchildren, Heath, Quentin and Andrea Maloney and Kennedy, Jaden and Gage Kempf; brother, Chester (Ladean) Young of Larwill; sister, Willa King of Columbia City; special friend, Jack Moore of Columbia City.
She was preceded in death by her parents, husband, Billy Gene Maloney Aug. 18, 1988, granddaughter Tara Maloney, and two sisters, Alberta Clem and Olean Cassidy.
Visitation will be held Thursday, from 10 a.m. to noon with the funeral service to begin at noon at DeMoney-Grimes Countryside Park Funeral Home, 600 Countryside Dr., Columbia City. Associate Pastor M.E. Burkett of Thorncreek Bethel Church will officiate.
Burial will follow at Blue River Cemetery, Columbia City.
Memorials in Mrs. Maloney's memory may be made to Thorncreek Bethel Church. Envelopes will be available at the funeral home. To send the family a condolence, please visit www.demoneygrimes.com.


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The Bachelor
Bachelor Winner to Join Bravo's Real Housewives of Orange County? — Report
Isn't it great when reality shows combine their super powers in this way? One lucky ex-Bachelor contestant — or are we the lucky ones? — may soon be swapping snarls with the housewives over at Bravo real soon. And that person is...
Shayne Lamas Richie!
Who could forget firecracker Shayne, who won Matt Grant's heart in The Bachelor: London Calling? Radar reports that the pint-sized blonde (and new mother) is in talks with Bravo to become part of the O.C. contingent of their Real Housewives TV franchise.
This is great news for TV watchers the world over. Shayne has managed to stay in the public eye since she married controversial media mogul Nik Richie in 2010, after which she outed her ex-Bachelor fiancé Matt as being "the very first Gay Bachelor."
A Bravo insider told Radar, "Shayne would be a great addition to the show. She's rich, glamorous and gorgeous, and she leads a fabulous life. Shayne has a great personality and it would translate perfectly on the show." True, true — but Bachelor fans have known about Shayne's spitfire charm for years! (Just sayin...)
Source: RadarOnline
Need your daily dose of The Bachelor? Like us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter. After all, you'd get our final rose.


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Report Prepared By John Harris
**Combine measurements
**Arm/Hand Measurements
Newspapers. Home phones. Traditional tight ends. What are things that we used to know? What are things that died in the 2000s? What are things we rarely can find in society in 2014? Okay, so that's a little over the top, I mean, you can find newspapers on a Sunday, no?
I kid, but the point is that a traditional tight end, as those of us in our 30s and 40s remember them to be, aren't often found in college football anymore. But, Iowa had one of the best ones in C.J Fiedorowicz. Back in the early to mid-1990s, Fiedorowicz may have been an early second round pick, but given the NFL's movement seemingly away from the hand in the dirt, lined up at Y, more blocking than receiving tight end, he won't be.
However, the Patriots found a way to make Rob Gronkowski a star and he's probably the closest comparison to Fiedorowicz already in the league. He can do a little of everything but "move TE/H hybrid" types will get more acclaim. But, hey, don't we all like to read a newspaper every now and again? You get the point.


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""CEOs go to their vacation homes just after companies report favorable news, and CEOs return to headquarters right before subsequent news is released. More good news is released when CEOs are back at work, and CEOs appear not to leave headquarters at all if a firm has adverse news to disclose. When CEOs are away from the office, stock prices behave quietly with sharply lower volatility. Volatility increases immediately when CEOs return to work." —David Yermack, a New York University finance professor, whose recently released study shows a correlation between when CEOs take their private jets on vacation and movements in their companies' stock price "
Giving Back
BJT readers—who represent one of the highest-net-worth magazine audiences anywhere—clearly have the means to contribute to a better world. To help you do that, we're spotlighting one deserving organization per issue. All of them have received a four-star overall rating from Charity Navigator (charitynavigator.org), which evaluates philanthropic institutions based on their finances, accountability and transparency.
Direct Relief (directrelief.org), which was founded in 1948, is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization dedicated to improving the health and lives of people affected by poverty, natural disaster and civil unrest. The charity brings critically needed and specifically requested medicines, supplies and resources to community-based groups in more than 140 countries, including the United States. Direct Relief provides services to people in rural areas who lack basic healthcare while focusing on disease prevention and treatment, maternal and child health and emergency preparedness and response. The charity—which has supplied more than $1.4 billion in aid since 2000—consistently receives extraordinary rankings from independent organizations for its efficient management and use of donations.
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Group Events
We regularly run group events with our clients, old and new. Grow from hearing about what others are doing, and realise that we all struggle with remarkably similar things.
The One Day Workshop
Our One Day Workshops take place on the weekend either on a Saturday or a Sunday.
Should you be in a 12-Step Recovery Programme, or attending therapy, counselling or life skills training elsewhere, you can join a specific workshop of your choice for added benefit. We have also found that this is a good networking opportunity for like-minded people. The benefit of the workshop format is that it is intensive, time-efficient and affordable.
The One Day Workshop shares the mission of all our services, namely to provide an opportunity for self-examination whilst strengthening the growth, healing and recovery process of each individual.
Its goal is to provide specialist material that we regard as the building blocks for your personal growth.
- Workshops take place on the weekend either on a Saturday or a Sunday 10h00-15h30
- Each session is limited to 12 people only
- The One Day Workshops are facilitated by a qualified counsellor specializing in psycho-education and a registered clinical psychologist
- The cost of each workshop is R550 for the day, including refreshments, a light vegetarian lunch and notes
- Click here to see when the next One Day Workshop takes place and to book.
'May you live all the days of your life' - Jonathan Swift


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Video:How to Make Mexican White Ricewith Gina Miller
Mexican white rice is a staple of Mexican food, and can easily be made into a main dish entree or a spicy side dish. Here is a delicious recipe for Mexican white rice that is sure to please.See Transcript
Transcript:How to Make Mexican White RiceHi, I am Gina Miller with About.com Food. Today I am making Mexican white rice.
This is not just your plain white rice side dish. This recipe has a lot of flavor and texture, and can be made as a main dish entree by adding in 1 to 2 cups of cooked chicken or turkey.
Ingredients for the Mexican White RiceThe ingredients you will need to make Mexican white rice are:
- 2 tablespoons of vegetable cooking oil
- 1 small onion, peeled and chopped
- 3 cloves of garlic, peeled and finely chopped
- 2 cups of cooked white rice
- 1/2 small red chile pepper, seeded and finely chopped
- 1/3 cup peas, frozen
- 1/3 cup carrots, frozen
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 1 cup chopped cooked chicken breast (optional)
Cook the Mexican White RiceIn a large saucepan heat the oil over medium-high heat, saute onion, garlic, and red chile peppers, for about 3 minutes, then add the cooked rice, salt and pepper to taste. Cook over medium heat about 10 minutes.
Add the frozen vegetables and cook uncovered for another 10 minutes, then cover and reduce heat to low and simmer for another 5 minutes. If adding cooked meat, add it during the last 10 minutes of cooking.
Thank you for watching, and for more information, visit us on the web at About.com.
About videos are made available on an "as is" basis, subject to the User Agreement.


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2013 Annual Report
The inception of salt-free fermentation technology at the commercial scale demands the use of a bacterial starter culture to assure a rapid initiation of the process and the safety of the fermented goods. The design of an appropriate fermentation starter culture is well underway and benefitted from the initial stage of this project to elucidate the susceptibility of a number of the bacterial strains isolated from commercial fermentations to bacteriophages or viruses capable of attacking bacteria. The first stage of the project revealed that a significant number of bacteriophages, present in a commercial cucumber fermentation, reached maximum numbers during the most active fermentation period. Such bacteriophages belong to the Myoviridae or Siphoviridae families, with the exception of one bacteriophage which belongs to the Podoviridae family. Bacterial strains susceptible to the viruses were lactic acid.
Recent findings under this project include the isolation of a group of bacteriophages capable of infecting enterobacteria present in the raw cucumbers and detected during the initial stage of the commercial fermentations. A group of 30 bacteriophages was isolated and 6 of them were characterized. Members of the Podoviridae, Myoviridae and Siphoviridae viral families were found. Specific host were identified as Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter spp. The group of partially characterized viruses will be further screened for their potential to serve as tools to prevent the survival of pathogenic E. coli in foods.
Progress on this project was accelerated, finishing research activities by the end of September 2012 as opposed to March, 2013. A manuscript was published in 2012 describing the research completed under the first stage of the project. A second manuscript describing the second stage of this research is under preparation.