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al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
`Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Kattani said: "Al-Khatib followed the [doctrinal] school of Abu al-Hasan al-As`hari Allah have mercy on him." Al-Dhahabi reports this and comments: "This is true. For al-Khatib explicitly stated, concerning the reports on the Divine Attributes, that they are passed on exactly as they were received, without interpretation." Ibn al-Subki comments: "This is al-Ash`aris position, yes. But al-Dhahabi is the victim of his lack of knowledge of Shaykh Abu al-Hasan's position just as others were also victims: for al-Ash`ari also has another position allowing for figurative interpretation (al-tawîl)." Al-Dhahabi does go on to relate al-Khatib's precise disowning of both nullification (tatîl) and anthropomorphism (tajsîm) of the Divine Attributes:
Abu Bakr al-Khatib said: "As for what pertains to the divine Attributes, whatever is narrated in the books of sound reports concerning them, the position of the Salaf consists in their affirmation and letting them pass according to their external wordings while negating from them modality (kayfiyya) and likeness to things created (tashbîh). <A certain people have contradicted the Attributes and nullified what Allah (swt) had affirmed; while another people have declared them real then went beyond this to some kind of likening to creation and ascription of modality. The true objective is none other than to tread a middle path between the two matters. The Religion of Allah (swt) lies between the extremist and the laxist.> The principle to be followed in this matter is that the discourse on the Attributes is a branch of the discourse on the Essence. The path to follow in the former is the same extreme caution as in the latter. When it is understood that the affirmation of the Lord of the Worlds [in His Essence] is only an affirmation of existence and not of modality, it will be similarly understood that the affirmation of His Attributes is only an affirmation of their existence, not an affirmation of definition (tahdîd) nor an ascription of modality. So when we say: Allah (swt) has a Hand, hearing, and sight, they are none other than Attributes Allah (swt) has affirmed for Himself. We should not say that the meaning of hand is power (al-qudra) nor that the meaning of hearing and sight is knowledge (`ilm), nor should we say that they are organs (lâ naqûlu innahâ jawârih)! Nor should we liken them to hands, hearings, and sights that are organs and implements of acts. We should say: All that is obligatory is [1] to affirm them because they are stated according to divine prescription (tawqîf), and [2] to negate from them any likeness to created things according to His saying ( There is nothing whatsoever like unto Him) (42:11) ( and there is none like Him) (112:4)."
Our teacher Dr. Nur al-Din Itr comments al-Khatib's position thus:
This is a vulnerable spot where feet tread a slippery path. Many are those who fell into likening Allah to His creatures because of it, or into something like it – our refuge is in Allah – while believing that this was the position of the pious Salaf but Allah has exonerated the latter from holding it. Imam al-Khatib passed the obstacle at which point pens lapsed and illusions flared, for he refuted the M`utazila and their likes who contradict the Divine Attributes, and he understood the position of the Salaf as it truly is by affirming those Attributes with a kind of affirmation that commits to Allah (swt) the knowledge of their reality, not an affirmation of dimensionality and modality (athbata tilka al-sifât ithbâtan yufawwidu `ilma haqîqatihâ ilâ Allâhi ta`âlâ lâ ithbâta tahdîd wa takyîf). He thereby asserted the school of the Salaf as it really was, not as some erratic people in our time understand it to be. The latter are in fact arrogant wranglers who cannot tell the difference between the Salaf's committal of the actual knowledge of these matters to Allah (swt), their holding His Transcendence above whatever anthropomorphism the terms may suggest, and the anthropomorphism of the ignorant Karramiyya!
Abu al-Faraj al-Isfarayini said: "Al-Khatib was with us in Hajj, and he used to conclude an integral recitation of Quran out loud every day. People would gather around him as he was mounted, saying: Narrate hadith to us, and he would narrate to them." `Abd al-Muhsin al-Shihi said: "I was al-Khatib's travelling companion from Damascus to Baghdad, and he used to recite the entire Quran once every day and night."
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Marriage Counseling Therapists in Indianapolis, IN 46227
Buffalo Creek and Carson Square
Verified by Psychology Today
David J Burkhard
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, LMHC
"I offer brief and long term individual, couple, and family counseling from a psychodynamic perspective. My goal is to provide a "safe space" where people can talk about the many complicated facets of their lives. This process leads to greater awareness, new insights, and new behavior - all of which lead to a more satisfying and fulfilling life.
(317) 207-2766
Verified by Psychology Today
Lori Karch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, IMAGO
"Is your relationship in pain? Experience a weekend workshop for couples and gain a deep understanding of your relationship. Are you in constant conflict with your partner arguing over the same old things without finding resolution? Would you like the passion, joy and trust back in your relationship? Most people come to couples therapy because they want something they don't have and they think they can get it. Well, you CAN get it! You can have the relationship of your dreams.
(317) 791-2211
Verified by Psychology Today
Jo Anne Burkhard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
"My goal is to provide a safe and caring environment in which individuals, couples, and families can examine their lives and develop new ways to cope with everyday stress. I view the client as the "expert" concerning his or her life. My intent is to assist my clients in making positive changes in their lives through exploring and understanding the emotions, thoughts, and behaviors which are problematic. I adapt my approach to the particular needs of each individual, couple, or family with whom I work.
(317) 758-3633
Christine DeHart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
"Licensed clinical social worker/psychotherapist, published author (A Different Kind of Mother by Christine Howser). Personal experience with infant loss and miscarriage. Reiki Master Teacher. Ordained Interfaith minister. I've worked with all age groups, individuals and couples, addictions, depression, anxiety, grief, stress mgmt, mindfulness, marital issues, mental health. Borderline personality disorder utilizing schema therapy. EMDR (eye motion desensitization and reprocessing) and EFT (emotional freedom technique). My clients want to get the most out of life and are goal oriented. I also am available to provide supervision for clinical licensure. Payment by cash or credit card currently.
(317) 857-0378
"If you have questioned why you are not experiencing life to the fullest, if you are struggling with depression, anxiety, addictions, compulsions or life controlling issues, or your relationships are not working as you had intended, I would love to help you find answers. I have worked with individuals, children, and adolescents, through out my career to help individuals and their families receive emotional healing. Historically, I have worked in inpatient, outpatient, substance abuse treatment centers, as well as individual outpatient settings. When you contact me I will work with you to develop a course of treatment that is best for you and your family.
(317) 653-4079
Verified by Psychology Today
Rebecca Bickel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
"In different setting over the years, I have had the opportunity to work with many people from many various walks of life. From that, I have seen first hand, the strength and potential for growth that is within all of us. I work with children and adults, providing individual, couple and family counseling. I have experience with emotional distress, stemming from abuse and neglect, victimization, depression, anxiety, marital problems, grief, gender issues, and gay/lesbian issues among other things.
(317) 739-4269
Verified by Psychology Today
Elizabeth Mellencamp Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, AAMFT, NADAAC, QCS
"Welcome! Please call me Beth, I am the Clinical Director of Stillpoint Consultants. Please feel free to explore our practice in more depth at stillpointconsultants.com. My office staff can be reached at 317.781.1571. I look forward to talking with you about the opportunities available to meet the mental health and therapeutic needs of you and your family. At Stillpoint you can expect for your therapist to deliver quality service in an atmosphere of tolerance, humor, and cooperation whether we are meeting with you, your spouse or your family.
(317) 836-5099
Verified by Psychology Today
Christie Clayton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
"I'm so glad your search for a therapist has brought you here; without a doubt, the decision to seek support from a mental health professional takes courage. I strive to empower clients to find hope within life's most difficult situations. I feel that each client is the expert on their life and we can navigate life's challenges and successes together from a gentle, collaborative, and strengths based approach.
(317) 497-5692
Verified by Psychology Today
Indy Counseling Professionals
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
"Thank you for considering Indy Counseling Professionals for your counseling needs! Our staff of experienced and qualified counselors are prepared to help you overcome the challenges you are facing. With varying specialties, including children/adolescents, adults, mental health, additions, and more, our well-rounded staff is skilled at addressing a wide range of presenting concerns.
(317) 653-4188
Verified by Psychology Today
Nikki Batta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAC
"Do you feel stuck or worn down? Do you want to overcome the roadblocks that are standing in your way? Is there something that is holding you back from experiencing authentic joy? Therapy is a great first step. Therapy is an amazing way to gain insight, learn ways to challenge distorted thoughts, learn relaxation techniques, and develop new coping skills.
(317) 548-3836 x5
No more Marriage Counseling Therapists in 46227 - try other Therapists below
Broaden search to +1 miles Marion County Indiana - IN
Verified by Psychology Today
Eric L Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSW, LCSW, LCAC, BCPCC
"I focus on many issues affecting the well-being of my clients including substance abuse, psychological and emotional issues, social and family relationships, personal and professional goals, wellness, spirituality, and coping with trauma and life stressors. I am here to help and I am here to listen. If you or someone you know is hurting right now, please pick up the phone and call me for a confidential consultation today. I would love the opportunity to help you improve your quality of life!
(317) 606-2601
Verified by Psychology Today
Debbie M Warman
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP, ABPP
"I have seen anxiety rob people of what they want to do and make what might seem to others small tasks feel downright impossible. I have also had the privilege of seeing people with anxiety learn new ways of dealing with their problems so they can do the things they've wanted to do for so long. I am passionate about helping people with anxiety - such as obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety, and phobias - fight against these problems. I am well aware of how difficult the fight is, but I believe it is a fight worth fighting.
(317) 758-3569
"If you are in need of a safe, non-judgmental environment to begin the healing process, I can help. I am passionate about working with individuals facing a variety of issues such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem, relational issues, and much more. Making changes can be difficult, but you do not have to go about this alone.
(317) 739-4894
Verified by Psychology Today
Scott J Watson
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LCAC, SAP, BRI
"Heartland Intervention exists to save lives and families by lovingly offering recovery as an alternative to addiction. I specialize is assessments following DOT violations or legal charges. I also see a few clients each week as a therapist. Clients find that I focus on the solution in a caring yet direct manner. Call 877/752-8811 today for an appointment.
(317) 739-4791
Verified by Psychology Today
Katie Raines
Counselor, MA, LMHC
"Sanctuary Counseling Center is all about you, the client. The purpose of my practice is for you to find a safe space, refuge and healing during life's toughest times. I am here to provide you empathy, encouragement, and partnership which can change the trajectory of your life. You are safe and welcome here!
(317) 653-4351
Verified by Psychology Today
Thelma Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCAC
"I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Licensed Clinical Addiction Counselor. I work with adult individuals, couples and families dealing with substance abuse, anger control/resolution, anxiety, depression, grief/loss, trauma, and health related issues--specifically Huntington and Parkinson Diseases. I practice a person-centered approach and have clinical experience with substance abuse, mental health, co-occurring disorders, and trauma. I have worked with a variety of populations including veterans, homeless, court-ordered and self-referred individuals.
(317) 653-4191
Verified by Psychology Today
Lisa Elwood
Psychologist, PhD
"I work specifically with survivors of trauma, generally physical or sexual abuse, and focus on trauma responses. I typically work with adults.
(317) 662-2500
Verified by Psychology Today
Robbi Crain
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP
"Life can be good - for you, your children, your family, and your career. Often times the daily struggles and stressors seem to overshadow the everyday successes that we all experience. As a mother and working professional, I certainly understand how overwhelming life can be. Beech Tree Consulting and Psychological Services is here to assist you with learning ways to better understand yourself, your personal needs, and the dynamics of your family, life, and work. We are also committed to helping you find ways to transition from understanding to making life changes that matter.
(317) 780-5750
Verified by Psychology Today
Thomas P Prendergast
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCAC, ICAADC
"I am a Licensed Clinical Addiction Counselor and have worked in the field of addiction treatment for over twenty years. I offer specialized services designed to assist you in not only getting sober and healthy, but in developing and maintaining a sober and healthy lifestyle. I also am Certified as a Supervisor by the Indiana Coalition Against Domestic Violence to provide Batterers Intervention Programming. You can learn more about all of my services at my website.
(317) 758-3833
Verified by Psychology Today
Mary E Hays
Counselor, MS, LMHC
"I began my private practice in June 2004. Prior to that, I had twenty years of experience working with children, adults and families in educational settings as a teacher and a counselor. Early in my education career, I lived and worked in Haiti for three years. This experience continues to help me have a worldview that values and celebrates the unique expressions of life and creativity present in all people. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults. I have day and evening hours available for appointment.
(317) 489-5729
Therapists: 1 to 10
Not enough Marriage Counseling Therapists in Marion County, Indiana (IN), 46227 to choose from?
Try expanding your search for Therapists in 46227 to a larger area (e.g. click the plus sign or 46227+ .)
Marriage Counseling Therapists
If you're looking for marriage counseling in 46227 or for a 46227 marriage counselor these professionals provide marriage counseling services. They include marriage and family counselors in 46227 (or sometimes referred to as 'marriage family counselors' or 'family marriage counselors') and Christian marriage counselors. These counselors are licensed and are drawn from the best in their field.
Note: Counselling (with a double 'l') is the more traditional spelling of the term in Canada and the UK, so the same terms might appear as marriage counselling in 46227 or for a 46227 marriage counsellor who provides marriage counselling services in 46227. They include marriage for couples.
How can I tell if a therapist is right for me?
Therapists in Buffalo Creek and Carson Square - Indianapolis have broad skills and are able to work with a wide range of issues.
For example, if you're seeking a marriage counselor in 46227 you'll find that most therapists are trained in marriage counseling or couples counseling in 46227 and couples therapy. And they welcome families for family counseling in 46227 or family therapy in Buffalo Creek and Carson Square - Indianapolis.

subset: commoncrawl


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Jim is an extraordinary realtor. We were very lucky to find Jim from an internet inquiry on a property. From day one, he was such a great help to my husband and I in our quest to find property in the San Diego area. The things that I found so great about Jim are numerous. He was so very pleasant to talk to, helpful, thorough, knowledgeable, extremely timely in returning calls, organized, always on top of deadlines, and handled affairs extremely professionally. I would recommend Jim to anyone who is looking for a great person to guide you through the process of finding real estate in the San Diego area. Jim is a super nice person who worked his butt off to find us our dream place and I will always be grateful for all he did More Less
James Hiatt, MBA
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We had a great experience working with Jim. He goes out of his way to take care of all things necessary. House hunting is not always a joyous task but having a Realtor like Jim really helped us in our search and closing. He took it upon himself to gather and deliver all items required for our closing because we were out of town. He is available when need be to address any concerns or questions. Above all he is honest in his opinions and will listen to your requirements and needs for a property. Thanks to Jim we are happy house owners in SD.
Amit & Nicky Gossain More Less
James is detail oriented, respectful and gave information that we required within hours. We specifically asked for details on zoning and city permits which are usually difficult to get, but James provided the required information within a matter of hours. He also gave some idea about the selling agents approach. He is patient with his clients. We are still working with him to find a house. More Less


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Originally from Philly, moved to Hawai'i about a year ago. Weather is tough to deal with.
Also, why do so many users take it upon themselves to use the Bio area to talk like Ricky Henderson?
Zac Lange posted 1846 days ago
clown, well thought response...moron
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Veritas Square Level
Veritas' Square Level converts a carpenter's framing square or other steel ruler into a sensitive level (1/16" bubble movement equals 1/2° slope change). Rare earth magnets make setup instantaneous. A vertical channel in the body accommodates a second ruler, at a right angle to the first, letting
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Scheduled Courses
See the Course Descriptions page for a list of courses planned for Summer School & May Immersion. Students should be aware that most of these courses have enrollment limits and may be oversubscribed. It is also possible that some courses will be canceled due to low enrollment. Therefore, students should include alternates on the Registration Form.
Priority in registration for oversubscribed courses is given to degree candidates at Millikin University.
Internship/Independent/Directed Study
In addition to the scheduled courses, a limited number of Millikin faculty are available for internship/independent study/directed study courses during the summer Immersion term.
One academic credit is given for every 40 hours of internship, and every internship must be approved through the appropriate department. The internship, independent study, and directed study fees are set at $364 per credit hour plus an $11 per credit hour university fee. No Summer internship registration will be accepted after July 1, 2013.
To receive academic credit for internship/independent study/directed study courses, students must complete their registration at the University. A Millikin faculty member serves as a supervisor and, generally, a plan for the internship/independent study/directed study is discussed well in advance. The student and faculty supervisor shall complete the approved individual study contract form available from the Registrar. This form and the required paperwork must be filed with the Registrar by Monday, July 1, 2013, for the Summer School session. In most areas, it is the student's responsibility to arrange the details of the internship.
Faculty/staff tuition waivers do not apply to internship/independent study/directed study courses.
Registration Procedures
Registration for Millikin students may be completed in person at the Registrar's Office (Gorin Hall) or online beginning Wednesday, April 10, 2013. Payment may be mailed and received or made in person at the Student Service Center in Shilling Hall, Room 119.
Adult Enrichment Courses
Courses with the designation Adult Enrichment are designed to be of interest to adults in the area. Community adults will be able to enroll in these courses for the reduced fee of $167 per credit hour ($500 for a three credit course). Expectations for these students will be identical to the traditional student. No credits or grade will be issued. No currently enrolled college students are eligible to take a course as an Adult Enrichment course.
Travel Courses
In order to fully benefit from an international or travel experience, students should be in good physical and mental health. All participating students must meet program/course requirements. A Millikin University Waiver Release and Indemnification Agreement are required for all students participating in a travel course. All students are required to complete a Student Travel Contract with expense details and payment deadlines to enroll in the travel course.
An international student travel card is also required for travel courses (international and domestic travel). See the Center for International Education (Richards Treat University Center, Rm. 121) about obtaining this card and related required travel forms. The travel forms are also available from the Immersion/Summer School office, Shilling Hall, Room 209.
Student Accommodations
Students who are seeking classroom accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act should submit documentation to the Office of Student Success, located in Lower Staley 14D at the
time of registration.
Continuing Millikin Students
Students currently enrolled as degree candidates at Millikin University may enroll in the Summer & May Immersion courses by registering online. Online registration for May Immersions courses closes on May 17, 2013 and online registration for Summer courses closes on May 31, 2013. You may register at the Registrar office prior to the 1st day of class. Students interested in immersion travel courses will enroll by submitting a Student Travel Contract deposit receipt to the Immersion & Summer School (I&SS) office in Shilling Hall, Room 209, then the I&SS office will submit the registration to the Registrar office. Online registration is not available for travel courses.
New Millikin Students
Students who have been admitted to Millikin for the Fall of 2013 may enroll in the Summer term courses. Courses taken during summer will become a part of the Millikin transcript. The student should submit the Registration Form to the Registrar's Office.
Visiting Students
Full or part-time students attending other colleges or universities may enroll as visiting students for the summer school or May immersion term.
Visiting students should complete and submit the Registration Form.
Visiting students also must complete a Visiting Student Application available at <http://www.millikin.edu/admission/howapply>.
Both of these forms should be submitted to the Registrar's Office. Visiting students are responsible for verifying with their home institutions that the courses they take at Millikin are appropriate to their academic plans and can be transferred to the home institution.
Millikin University
Registrar's Office
1184 W. Main St.
Decatur, IL 62522
Current High School Students or Recent High School Graduates
Millikin invites high school students to enroll with special student status. This option is appropriate for juniors or seniors who have strong academic preparation (generally a B or better average in related high school courses). High school students should complete and submit the Registration Form.
High school students are considered "Visiting Students" and also must complete a Visiting Student Application available at <http://www.millikin.edu/admission/howapply>.
Both of these forms should be submitted to the Registrar's Office.
High school students must also submit a statement and a signature from a high school counselor or principal to the Registrar office, stating that the student is at least a junior or senior in high school, and prepared for advanced work in the area selected. Immersion or summer school courses may be applied toward the Millikin degree if the student is admitted later and enrolls as a degree candidate. Students may be able to transfer these courses to other institutions as well.
Tuition and Other Charges
Scheduled one credit courses - $364
Scheduled two credit courses - $728
Scheduled three credit courses - $1092
Scheduled four credit courses - $1456
University wide comprehensive fee - $11.00 per credit
Internship - $364 per credit
Independent Study - $364 per credit
Directed Study - $364 per credit
Adult Education (non-transcript adults) - $167
per credit hour (or $500 for a 3-credit course)
Tuition and fees will be billed to the student. It is advisable to remit payment as soon as the registration is processed. Payment can be made online or in person at the Student Service Center, Shilling Hall, Room 119, or by mail to:
Student Service Center
Travel Course Contracts
All travel courses have a unique Student Travel Contract agreement that specifies total expenses for the course. All students are required to complete the Student Travel Contract that provides details, including deadlines for deposit and full payment of costs. Adult Education students are also required to complete the Student Travel Contract.
All travel courses must be paid in full prior to traveling. Some courses have additional fees to cover supplies or special expenses associated with off-campus travel and/or lodging.
Request a Student Travel Contract to see all fees and expenses associated with that course. Continuing Millikin students need to check with the Financial Aid Office regarding eligibility for loan options such as Stafford, or alternative loans. Students may make arrangements with the Student Service Center for alternative payment schedules.
Once the non-refundable deposit for travel courses has been paid, students are responsible for all charges incurred and expended by Millikin University for the travel course (airfare, housing, activities, etc.), even if they choose to withdraw from travel courses. In addition, the deposit made by the student to hold a place in the travel course will not be refunded in the event of withdrawal.
NOTE: The following withdrawal refund guidelines for immersion courses DO NOT APPLY to travel courses due to the travel expenses paid by the university several weeks in advance for each student.
Faculty/staff waivers are valid only on a space available basis and when courses reach the minimum enrollment. Faculty/staff waivers do not apply to internship, independent, or directed study courses.
Contact the Summer School & Immersion Director's Office for additional information 217-424-6205.
University Tuition Refund Schedule - May Immersion & Summer Terms
Withdrawal from courses:
Tuition Refunds
Withdrawal from any course
· There is a full refund before 8:00 a.m. of the first day of class
· There is a 50% refund through 5:00 p.m. of the first day of class
· There is no refund after 8:00 a.m. of the 2nd day of class
Each student is financially responsible for courses in which he/she is enrolled. If it becomes necessary to drop a course, the student is responsible for submitting the proper form (available in the Registrar's Office). Simply not attending or ceasing to attend a class does not constitute a formal withdrawal. The instructor cannot withdraw the student; proper paperwork must be completed at the Registrar's Office. If you must withdraw and are unable to come to the University to complete the proper paperwork due to extenuating circumstances, you may call the Registrar's Office at (217) 424-6217 or email the Registrar, Walt Wessel at <firstname.lastname@example.com>.
Insufficient Enrollment
The University reserves the right to withdraw courses for which there is insufficient enrollment. Courses may be canceled for other unforeseen circumstances as well.
Due to the short duration of May Immersion and Summer term courses, attendance is imperative. Each faculty member establishes an individual definition of satisfactory classroom attendance and informs students of this policy. Students are expected to attend regularly scheduled class meetings and laboratory sessions.
It is the student's responsibility to report circumstances regarding their absence to the instructor as soon as possible. In the event a student has difficulty reaching instructors to report an absence, the Student Life and Academic Development Office will assist the student at 217-424-6340.
In case of an emergency that could close the University, please contact Campus Safety & Security at 217-464-8888.
Final Examinations
Final examinations for most courses will be given at the last scheduled class meeting. The specific hour will be announced by the instructor.
Current Millikin students who will be in need of housing during the Summer Immersion periods may sign a summer contract with the Office of Residence Life. Housing is limited and is rented at the rate of $18/night for double accommodations and $28/night for single accommodations (although singles may not always be available). The location of such housing is at the discretion of the Office of Residence Life. It is essential that students contact the Office of Residence Life at 217-362-6410 prior to May 10, 2013 to ensure appropriate housing. Failure to do so may result in a student's inability to live on campus due to lack of availability. Students living in The Woods should contact The Woods office at 217-464-8635 to inquire about summer rates. Payment for summer housing is charged to the student's account. A deposit may be required.
Students not currently living in on-campus housing and in need of temporary housing during the immersion term may choose to live in the University residence halls at the cost of $18/day for double occupancy rooms and $28/day for single occupancy rooms. Charges will be posted to the student account. Individuals living in Greek housing should clear arrival date with their chapter president.
Students may use cash or "flex dollars" on their meal cards at a reduced number of locations. Students must complete the validation process in order for their meal cards to be activated. Students should be aware that only a limited number of student services are available during the summer session.
Library Facilities
The library will be open most days and some early evenings during the immersion session. Full hours are posted on the library's web site, at <http://www.millikin.edu/staley/about>.
Classroom assignments will be posted online. Go to <http://www.millikin.edu> then Quick Links, then MUonline, then Course Listings, and select Term: Summer 2013. Select subject for course. Then submit. Classroom changes will be announced on MUonline.
Course Evaluations
We have simplified the process of completing evaluations for each course, providing a convenient online approach. You will receive email instructions prior to the end of your summer school course about how to log in to MyMillikin to complete the evaluation process, and you will have until the end date of the class to complete the evaluations. All answers and comments are anonymous, reported back to the faculty and administrators as data from all students in the class. Comments are reported back as text without names attached. Your evaluations are an important contribution in the development of the highest quality learning experiences possible at Millikin University.
University Study Requirements
With each course listing, current Millikin students will find in what way the course can fulfill their University Study requirements.
Grades are posted on MUonline at the end of July. Incomplete grades awarded for course work must be resolved by the eighth week of the fall 2013 semester. In the event that an incomplete is not resolved by that time, a grade of 'F' will be recorded. The full policy regarding incomplete grades is listed in the current Millikin University Bulletin.
If you have never attended Millikin and do not have a network account, visit the University Services Department in Shilling 106 to get one. 217-362-6488
Additional Information
Additional information is available from the Summer School & Immersion Director, Randy Brooks, Shilling Hall, Room 209, or by phone at 217-424-6205.
The Summer School and May Immersion term course offerings, meeting times, and room assignments are subject to change. Students should check room assignments on MUonline, and the Registrar's Office when they return to campus. Questions about admission and registration issues should be directed to Walt Wessel, Registrar, Room 16, Gorin Hall, phone 217-424-6217 or email <firstname.lastname@example.com> or <firstname.lastname@example.com>.


text:
Forum: ContinuousWave: The Whaler GAM or General Area
Topic: Only One Whaler
Note: You must be registered in order to post a topic or reply.
To register, click here. Registration is FREE!
*If HTML and/or UBB Code are enabled, this means you can use HTML and/or UBB Code in your message.
posted 05-14-2012 08:30 AM ET (US)
Just two years ago we had 2-13 ft whalers, a 15 sport, a Montauk and a 1973 21 Revenge. Now only the 15 is left. Still in the non whaler fleet, a 19 ft pontoon boat for river clean-ups, 24 ft Seaark for swamp tours, 26 ft pontoon boat for tours, 36 ft trawler, a 2160 Robalo and 12 kayaks. So you can still call me 2manyboats.
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text:
This recipe was inspired by Tyler Florence, however I changed up the last part.
Be forewarned, this is a time consuming, labor intensive process. The result however is delicious, and well worth the effort.
Set aside half an afternoon (2-3 hours)
Step 1: You will need...
- 1/4 cup extra-virgin olive oil
- 1 large yellow onion
- 1 small fennel bulb
- 2 lemons
- 1/2 cup pine nuts
- 1 cup long-grain rice
- 1/2 cup stock
- 2 tablespoons dill leaves
- 1/4 cup parsley
- Salt and pepper
- 1 (8-ounce) jar grape leaves, rinsed and drained
- 1 cup (additionally) stock
- 1/4 cup (additionally) extra-virgin olive oil
Step 2: Prepare the grape leaves
You then take the best leaves, and remove the stems.
After that, blanch them (boil them for about 5 minutes, then transfer them to an ice bath to stop the cooking process).
After blanching, arrange them on a plate, 'glossy' side down.
Step 3: Prepare the stuffing (part one)
Dice the onion, and the fennel bulb, then get 1 teaspoon of lemon zest from one of the lemons.
If you don't have a zester, you can carefully scrape one of the peels of the lemons and julienne it (shown)
Saute these ingredients with the first 1/4 cup of the oil, until the onions start to become clear.
Step 4: Preparing the stuffing (part 2)
Stir until they're coated in the oil, and then add 1/2 cup of the stock.
Simmer until the rice absorb the stock.
Scrape the rice into a mixing bowl, and add in the dill and parsley.
Season to taste with salt and pepper. I like to put together my salt and pepper in a cupcake cup, and add only how much I need. This lets me control the concentration however I want.


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The Mississippi Legislature ended the session without a texting and driving law. One is probably forthcoming in the intervening years. But before the ink dries, I would like to suggest lawmakers consider a comprehensive approach.
Over the last year, I have tried to be more aware of the distracted driver.
I have witnessed a driver putting on makeup and nearly hitting the car in front of her. I saw a driver eating lunch while driving with his knee, drifting across lanes on the interstate.
I have seen parents managing children while driving. Some have even been reading the newspaper or a magazine and reviewing notes for the next business meeting.
Texting while driving is a safety concern. The primary issue must be on the distracted driver who puts himself and others at risk with multi-tasking.
Danny Chandler


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MSgt William E. Dorsey, Sr.
MSgt William E. Dorsey, Sr., USMC Ret. ,age 63, passed away suddenly Friday, May 17, 2013, following complications from surgery in Havelock, NC.
Born July 11, 1949, he was a native of Warren, OH.
Bill was a proud Marine, having served his country with honor for over 20 years, retiring in Havelock, NC, in 1988. Bill enjoyed working on any engine he could get his hands on. He was a genius with small engines, running "Bill's Small Engine Repair" until his untimely death.
Private inurnment will be at Coastal Carolina State Veterans Cemetery, Jacksonville, NC. Those wishing to offer words of hope and condolences may visit www.pollockbest.com. Memorials, in Bill's memory, may be made to the Dorsey Family 928 Greenfield Heights Blvd. Havelock, NC 28532.
Bill is survived by his loving wife of 45 years, Carol Gotschall Dorsey; parents, James and Geraldine Metcalf Dorsey, of Salem, OH; children, William E. Dorsey Jr., and wife Amy, Michael Dorsey, and wife Jennifer, and Dawn Fulton, and husband Greg, all of New Bern, NC; and his siblings, James Dorsey, Jr., Donnis Hink, Betty McFarland, and Ella Cibula, all of Salem, OH; Nancy Straela, of Leetonia; OH; Pamela McArdle, of Robertsville; and Cheryle Sevek, of Lisbon. Bill also leaves behind his grandchildren, Sara Dorsey, Jonathan Dorsey, Brittney Patton, Melanie Dorsey, Ryan Dorsey, and two great grandchildren.
Pollock-Best Funerals & Cremations was entrusted with the Dorsey Family arrangements.
©2013 The Free Press Standard
Carrollton Free Press Standard, P. O. Box 37, Carrollton, OH 44615


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Each weekday, Nailpro selects one gorgeous nail design from followers....
Nail Art How To: Puppies and Kitties
Treat your clients to nail art featuring their BFF (Best Furry Friends) with these puppy and kitty designs!
7 in all!
This kitty design is the "Cat's Meow"
nail art how to »
For more Animal How To's, check out our Nail Art How To Gallery!


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An old lady at a crosswalk gets us every time!
An old lady at a crosswalk gets us every time!
Well, the Russian version.
[thanks, ben!]
This is the smallest functional bike you'll see all day.
The video description, translated from Russian, also promises it's very fast.
If ever there were a time to track down a friend with a truck...
Afternoon Snack: Members of Moscow's premier hip-hopera company, "Cops On Fire," add some much needed flavor to Burger King Russia's latest marketing campaign.
And by "flavor," I mean fire-breathing chefs, Burger King tattoos, backup ballerinas, and unicorns. Of course.
Everything Went As Expected of the Day: As the saying goes: Mess with the crab, get the pinchers.


text:
Buy online front row tickets for all Concert, Theater and Sporting events, and tickets to all sold out major events.
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Ticket delivery
All tickets are sent via Federal Express. Once you locate Tera Melos tickets you want to buy, they can be purchased online via our secure encrypted server. If you prefer more personal service, call us today and speak to any of our ticket brokers. Tera Melos tickets are usually sent within 6-24 hours. Your shipping address must match the billing address of your credit card. If you wish to ship to an alternate address; we require ID. Please contact one of our ticket experts to provide you with excellent service.
Ticket refund policy
All Tera Melos sales and all other event tickets are final.
Circa Survive / Title Fight / Tera Melos: live in Bostonlive in Boston (2014)
Punknews.org (registration)
Published on November 8th 2014 Circa Survive have taken very little time off since parting ways with a major label and self-releasing their last album, 2012's excellent Violent Waves. They've hit this general area plenty since, with a stacked-bill ...
Brooklyn Vegan (blog)
Tera Melos guitarist Nick Reinhart released a Halloween LP (stream it); Tera ...
Brooklyn Vegan (blog)
Nick Reinhart, guitarist/vocalist for math rockers Tera Melos, is celebrating Halloween with Scary Sounds II, the spooky-sounding guitar-only followup to last year's similarly themed Scary Sounds. Every sound you hear on the album was made with a ...
and more »
Tera Melos follows its own weird tune
Daily Trojan Online
Hardly a household name, Sacramento noise-rock outfit Tera Melos's experimental brand of in-your-face punk and prog-rock/jazz technicality often confuses and alienates listeners. But those who like it, really like it. For about 10 years now, the group ...
Tera Melos' math rock not by numbers | Concert preview
The Seattle Times (blog)
Indeed, for Tera Melos, headlining The Crocodile Saturday, it was initially an uneasy marriage. The Sacramento band's back-to-back 2007 EPs "Drugs/Complex" were auditory ADD, the vocals cluttering up material that was busy and dense enough on its own.
Tera Melos is about more than technique
The ace drummer for the Sacramento three-piece is no stranger to travel, and not just in North America. Tera Melos has toured extensively in Europe, where its musically accomplished mix of intricate alt-rock, thinking man's metal, and proggy punk has ...
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text:
Field Trips
Welcome! The Castillo de San Marcos is a very popular destination for school field trips. In fact, approximately ten percent of our total visitation, or sixty thousand people, visit the Castillo every year as part of a school visit.
Sorry we do not provide Ranger led educational tours.
Effective October 1st, 2013 Castillo de San Marcos NM has updated its Academic Fee Waiver process.
If you tour the Castillo de San Marcos NM with a Commercial Tour Guide you do not qualify for an Educational Fee Waiver.
For an Academic Fee Waiver form click here.
For the National Park Service Guidlines on Academic Fee Waivers click here.
While your group is visiting the Castillo de San Marcos NM, we ask that you follow these rules. Click here.
If you have any questions or are planning to visit with a large group, please call 904-829-6506, x239 for more information or email us.


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NEW YORK—The number of people commuting into Manhattan from outside Manhattan rose significantly from 2002 to 2010, especially in nearby neighborhoods in Brooklyn and New Jersey but also in counties very far away from the island.
From 2000 to 2010, the share of New York's workforce living within 5 miles of the Central Business District increased by 1.3 percent, found Carson Qing, graduate research assistant at New York University's Rudin Center for Transportation Policy and Management. Qing crunched numbers from the U.S. Census Bureau.
"What we're seeing is that areas that are closer to the core of the region, which is Manhattan and maybe parts of downtown Brooklyn or Jersey City, are attracting a greater share of jobs," said Qing in a phone interview, calling the phenomenon "a re-centralization of employment in the New York City region."
After discovering more people working in New York's core, Qing wanted to discover where the people are living, so he posted the findings of follow-up research on where Manhattan commuters are living, broken down by zip code.
The biggest increase in commuters into Manhattan from 2002 to 2010 came from five neighborhoods—Williamsburg (+5405), the Paulus Hook section of Jersey City (+4262), Downtown Brooklyn (+3598), Williamsburg/Bedford-Stuyvesant (+3373), and Greenpoint (+3139)—according to Qing's research.
The large increase along the waterfront was borne out of the higher-than-expected ridership of the East River Ferry, which should be "strongly considered as a strategy to relieve rush hour crowding on subway lines such as the L and 7 lines and provide a more convenient travel alternative," wrote Qing on his NYU blog.
Mayor Michael Bloomberg said in his recent State of the City speech that the ferry, designed as a pilot project, would be made permanent.
There was also an increase in people coming into Manhattan to work from other zip codes across Brooklyn and outlying areas, mostly from New Jersey.
The growth in New Jersey commuters is not limited to so-called "one-seat" rides into Manhattan, either, which refers to getting into Manhattan by public transit without having to switch to another line.
"Communities in Bergen and Passaic Counties along the Main-Bergen and the Pascack Valley rail lines, where Manhattan-bound rail trips require transfers at either Secaucus Junction or Hoboken to enter Manhattan, have also seen significant increases in commuters to Manhattan: these include towns such as Fair Lawn (+39% increase), Paramus (+30%), and Lodi (+47%)," wrote Qing.
On the other hand, the number of commuters from a host of districts has neither increased or decreased, mostly from Eastern Queens, north of Manhattan, or Long Island.
Qing and other researchers with the Rudin Center released a report, "Commuting to Manhattan," in March 2012, examining where commuters to Manhattan live, but Qing measured growth this time by zip code instead of county."At the zip code level, it just seems to be a lot more meaningful because you can pinpoint which specific areas that have seen growth," he said.
The earlier report found that more than two-thirds of Manhattan workers lived in New York City as of 2009, and more than three-quarters of Manhattan workers use mass transit to get to work.
As far as future research, Qing said that he is interested in studying whether the theory is true that people and economic activity have been moving back into the center of cities. So far, the data he has indicates only New York City and San Francisco have been undergoing the trend of "re-centralization," he said.
"I'm a little skeptical about that after looking at the jobs data," said Qing. "I have to think: Are the jobs following the people or are the people following the jobs?"


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SOUTH WHITLEY — Three bid packages were submitted for Phase II of the waste water treatment plant and opened by project manager David Harvey with Fleis and Vandenbrink at Tuesday evening's South Whitley town council meeting.
Mandated by the state, Phase II includes upgrades to the waste water treatment plant by enlarging the main water inceptor along Water and Main Streets, constructing a headwaters work building, and a new electrical building on an adjacent property.
To read the rest of this story, please order the e-edition [1] or call The Post & Mail at 244-5153, ext. 207 and ask for a subscription.
[1] http://www.thepostandmail.com/http


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A system and a method for measuring and quantitatively analyzing the jitter in repetitive electrical signals in a chip using a tester are described. The tester sorts chips based on the jitter measurements, thereby eliminating the need for external instrumentation. The waveform is sampled by the tester at various points of a period over a large number of periods and results are collected. The data is analyzed to determine the total range where the waveform is found to undergo a transition. The transition area is further analyzed to pinpoint the precise location of the transition for each period of the repetitive waveform. The data is used to quantify the jitter by means of statistical analyses, the results of which are used by the tester to sort the chips by comparing the calculated jitter characteristics to predetermined criteria.
1. A method for testing a chip by measuring jitter on repetitive waveforms generated by a circuit integral to the chip under test, the waveforms being inputted into a tester coupled to the chip under test, the method comprising the steps of:
a) determining where the waveform generated by the circuit undergoes a transition;
b) taking a plurality of measurements from the waveform at periodic time intervals, said measurements being taken in a region where the waveform undergoes said transition;
c) analyzing the measurements taken from said region to quantify said transition and calculating a jitter on said waveform; and
d) having said tester sort the chip under test according to said jitter and record results of said sorting in a recording device.
2. The method as recited in
3. The method as recited in
4. The method as recited in
5. The method as recited in
6. The method as recited in
7. The method as recited in
8. The method as recited in
9. The method as recited in
10. The method as recited in
11. The method as recited in
12. The method as recited in
a) gathering and analyzing statistical data obtained from good and bad chips previously tested; and
b) correlating the statistical data against the data of a chip under test.
13. The method as recited in
14. A method for testing a chip by measuring jitter on repetitive waveforms generated by a circuit integral to the chip under test, the waveforms being inputted into a tester coupled to the chip, the method comprising the steps of:
a) determining where the waveform generated by the circuit undergoes a transition, said transition taking place when said waveform crosses a predetermined voltage threshold;
b) taking a plurality of measurements from the waveform at periodic time intervals, said measurements being taken in regions where i) the waveform is always at low, ii) the waveform is always at high and iii) the waveform undergoes said transition;
c) analyzing the measurements taken from said regions and calculating a jitter on said waveform, said jitter being determined by a distance by which an edge location of a jittering waveform is displaced with respect to the edge location of an ideal waveform, said jitter being the difference in the edge location of said ideal waveform from the edge location of said jittering waveform, said ideal waveform being a waveform having a transition which is positioned at a statistical mean of a plurality of synchronized waveforms having the same period;
d) having the tester sort the chips according to said jitter by gathering and analyzing statistical data obtained from good and bad chips previously tested, correlating the statistical data against the data of a chip under test; and recording results of said sorting in a recording device.
15. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by as machine to perform method steps for testing chips by measuring jitter on repetitive waveforms generated by a circuit integral to the chip, the waveforms being inputted into a tester coupled to the chip, said method steps comprising:
a) determining where the waveform generated by the circuit undergoes a transition;
b) taking a plurality of measurements from the waveform at periodic time intervals, said measurements being taken in a region where the waveform undergoes said transition;
c) analyzing the measurements taken from said region to quantify said transition and calculating a jitter on said waveform; and
d) having said tester sort said chips according to said jitter and record results of said sorting in a recording device.
16. A system for testing a chip by measuring jitter on repetitive waveforms generated by a circuit integral to the chip under test, the system comprising:
a) a tester coupled to said chip under test; and
b) a microprocessor comprising:
i) means for determining where the repetitive waveform generated by the circuit undergoes a transition;
ii) means for taking a plurality of measurements from the repetitive waveform at periodic time intervals, said measurements being taken in a region where the waveform undergoes said transition;
iii) means for analyzing the measurements taken from said region to quantify said transition and calculating a jitter on said waveform, said tester sorting said chips under test according to said jitter.
17. The system as recited in
18. The system as recited in
19. The system as recited in
20. The system as recited in
The invention relates to a system and method for measuring jitter in repetitive electrical signals, and more particularly, to measuring and quantitatively analyzing the jitter in clock signals using a tester to easily sort chips based on the jitter measurements, thereby eliminating the need for external instrumentation.
A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a component that is commonly used in many circuit designs. A circuit of this kind typically synchronizes an input signal to an output signal. It operates such that the output signal tracks the input signal in phase or relative position of the waveform. The frequency can be the same, or by means of a divider or multiplier circuit, the input and output frequency may differ while still being synchronized in-phase. Jitter of the output of the clock signal in a PLL determines the quality and even the performance of the output signal and of any circuit depending thereof. Therefore, jitter measurements in a PLL become indispensable for any circuit design. Such PLL circuits have proven to be excellent vehicles for determining the presence of jitter and lend themselves as vehicles for sorting good chips from bad ones.
It is well known that the semiconductor industry constantly strives to achieve higher processing speeds in connection with computers, telecommunication equipment, and the like. The common factor which extends to all the technological fields strives to achieve an ever increasing transfer of large volumes of data at high speed. By way of example, microprocessors move data at speeds which are based on high frequency clocks that determine the rate at which electrical signals are clocked through the circuitry.
A PLL is commonly used to stabilize the clock signals, multiply their frequency, synchronize different parts of the circuit, synchronize one chip with another, clean up the signals, and numerous other similar applications. It offers a clean and stable reference signal. The benefits of a PLL depend on many factors, such as how quickly it responds to differences in its phase and adjust its output, what range of input frequencies it handles without losing its locking capabilities, how much noise or jitter exists on the output signal, and the like.
Jitter is a measure of the timing instability in a waveform or circuit. It is the variation from an ideal waveform that is caused by electrical changes, design problems, characteristics of components in a system, or other similar problems. Unexpected changes in frequency, pulse length, and phase are indicative of the presence of jitter. Jitter becomes more significant at higher speeds since the same jitter comprises a larger proportion of the overall signal. Circuits that are time dependent, particularly when they operate at high frequencies, are especially susceptible to problems of jitter.
Microprocessors typically use an on-chip clock signal provided with a PLL. Because multiprocessor systems are commonly used, the timing of events is critical. Conventional systems are configured having a plurality of processors running in parallel, sharing and swapping data and commands to accomplish the computing task. Data is transferred via data busses which are synchronized between the many processors to ensure proper data transfer. Any problem with the data bus results in incorrect data at the other end. Thus, PLL is advantageously used to synchronize different chips attached to the data bus.
As mentioned previously, PLLs are particularly susceptible to jitter. Small amounts of jitter may go unnoticed, but at high speed, jitter on the PLL causes data transfer errors. Redesigning the PLL or the system may normally be an option, but often the problem is not discovered until the system is shipped to a customer when it is no longer feasible to redesign. A way to measure and categorize the jitter is the next best option so that only good chips are used to ensure a good product.
Signal integrity analyzers and other special equipment exist to perform a quick jitter analysis of signals, but this approach is both costly and complicated, especially in a manufacturing environment. Added to the cost of the equipment there is additional time and cost associated to connecting other components to an existing tester, integrating systems, and ensuring proper operation. Preferably, the best approach is to use an existing production logic tester without any additions. It lowers the test cost, reduces the number of necessary components, and allows the use of equipment as it exists
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide a method for measuring jitter in repetitive signals, such as clock signals, using only a tester, and without requiring any added external instrumentation.
It is another object to provide a process for quantitatively analyzing the jitter to sort chips as good or bad based on the results of the jitter measurements.
The invention provides a method for testing chips by measuring jitter on repetitive waveforms generated by a circuit integral to the chip, the waveforms being inputted into a tester coupled to the chip, the method including the steps of: a) determining where the waveform generated by the circuit undergoes a transition; b) taking a plurality of measurements from the waveform at periodic time intervals, the measurements being taken in a region where the waveform undergoes the transition; c) analyzing the measurements taken from the region to quantify the transition and calculating a jitter on the waveform; and d) sorting the chips according to the jitter.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and which constitute part of the specification, illustrate presently preferred embodiments of the invention which, together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the preferred embodiments given below serve to explain the principles of the invention.
The invention provides a solution to the above problems by way of a novel method for measuring the jitter and assessing its effect. The ensuing analysis and evaluation will be described using for illustrative purposes only, a Teradyne tester J973. The concept applies to other test platforms besides the Teradyne tester and other waveforms besides PLL clock signals.
The basic flow chart representing the preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in
While the invention is preferably used to measure the jitter on any repetitive pulse string, for illustrative purposes, a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit will be used. The measurement of jitter will be performed on the tester, as previously stated.
The tester is used primarily to probe the chip and measure the output of the PLL integral to a microprocessor. The tester is configured so that it takes measurements at any point within the period and handles any voltage at a high or low value. For simplicity, the tester is preferably programmed such that for a 1.2 volt PLL waveform any voltage above 0.6 volts (as the high value), and below 0.6 volts (as a low value) will be measured. The tester is also programmed to measure any point within a period, preferably with a 10 ps resolution. It is further necessary that the microprocessor be powered and fully operational and that an output waveform be generated by the PLL.
The flow chart will now be described in detail with reference to
A measurement point is initially set (Step 101). It provides a reference that pinpoints the location within the period at which the measurement points are to be taken. The tester is set to take measurements anywhere within the period. In the first occurrence through the flow, this step sets Measurement Point 1 (see
In Step 102, the tester samples the waveform at the location specified in Step 101 by way of hardware that is configured to take the measurement at a precise location within the period, and at a threshold specified to differentiate between a low and high value. This threshold should approximately be one-half the maximum voltage of the waveform and must be constant throughout the duration of the jitter measurement.
Next, in Step 103, the measured value is checked. Therein, it is determined whether the value measured is above or below the threshold specified in Step 102. If it is above the threshold, it is labeled a high. If it is below, it is labeled a low. During this step, a decision is made. If the waveform is found to be at high, a branch to step 104 takes place. Otherwise, the flow moves to Step 105, omitting Step 104.
In Step 104, the total number of high measurements is incremented. Thus far, only the measurement point specified in Step 101 is accounted for. No account is made of any number of highs found at any other measurement point.
In Step 105, a check is made to determine whether all the measurements are accounted for. This number represents the total number of the measurements that are to be taken at the point specified in Step 101. Alternatively, the number of measurements may represent the number of periods to be sampled. By way of example, as will be shown hereinafter with reference to
At Step 105 a new decision is made. If the prescribed number of measurements has not yet been completed, the chart returns to Step 102, taking additional measurements at the same measurement point on subsequent periods. However, if the number of measurements coincides with the number of periods required, a branch to Step 106 takes place.
In Step 106, the measurements are adjusted. Thereat, the number of highs that were accumulated from previous measurements at the Measurement Point specified in Step 101 is determined and adjusted as will be discussed hereinafter with reference to Table 2. The total number of measurements corresponds to a number found in the "Probability of a High" column in Table 2. The adjustment provides an equivalent number in the "Jitter" column. This number is derived by taking the difference of the current measurement and subtracting thereof the preceding measurement. For instance, if the total for the present measurement point is X and the preceding measurement point has a number of highs is Y, then the adjusted measurement is X-Y.
In Step 107, the adjusted measurement (X-Y) from Step 106 is stored in an array. The actual measurement X from Step 106 is temporarily saved so that it can be used to adjust the next number. It is this adjusted value X-Y that is used to calculate the jitter.
In Step 108, a decision branch determines whether additional measurement points are necessary. For instance, and with reference to
In Step 109, the process returns to the beginning of the process, taking measurements at a new location, i.e., by incrementing the measurement point within the period.
Still referring to
As previously described, the jitter is defined as a deviation in the waveform pulse length or the phase from an ideal waveform. For reference purposes, an ideal waveform is shown with reference to
The waveform shown is preferably used for comparison to the waveforms outputted by the PLL. A reference point T0 is labeled in each period thereof. This point is preferably selected to coincide in each period with the transition from low to high. Hereinafter T0, when referenced, is intended to describe the location of the transition point in an ideal waveform. For a non-ideal waveform, the transition point will occur at some point other than T0. The jitter of the non-ideal waveform is determined by the distance of the transition point from T0 within the same period.
It is necessary, therefore, to define an ideal waveform and T0 so that the jitter of the measured waveform may be calculated by reference thereof. In
Jitter causes a lateral displacement of the edge of the waveform. It is caused by a change in the period or simply a phase shift. In either case, the edge placement of a jittering waveform differs from the edge placement of the ideal waveform, as seen with reference to
The present measurement technique involves sampling the waveform at various points. It is assumed for illustrative purposes, that only the high or low values are measured when sampled and further that the transition from high to low or low to high is always instantaneous. No measurement is to be performed at some unknown middle transition when it switches from high to low or vice versa. For the ideal waveform, this implies that as long as the same frequency is sampled as the waveform's, the same result will always be obtained.
Now, comparing the aforementioned waveforms to one that is not ideal, when the jittering waveform is sampled at a given frequency, the same value will not always be measured. Depending on where the sample is taken, it may be at low or high, or only sometimes at low or high.
At the measurement point illustrated in
Referring to
For the measurements illustrated in
For the examples depicted in
The number of high measurements divided by the number of samples gives the probability of the measurement being at high. This probability is related to the jitter even though it is not the actual jitter. The jitter is calculated by taking the difference in the edge locations of the ideal versus the jittering waveform. The distance that the edge moves represents the actual jitter.
To further clarify, and with reference to
Referring again to the previous example with reference to
By measuring more periods at each measurement position and increasing the number of measurement positions as well, it is possible to measure the jitter very accurately.
Now, with reference to
As one proceeds with the sampling, it is intuitive that as one moves from Region 1 where no waveform at high is found towards Region 3 where the waveform is always at high, an increasing number of high values will be encountered. This increase is illustrated in
Referring now to previous discussion of Table 2 for the explanation of these numbers, it is observed that in
At this point it is now possible to begin a statistical analysis. To calculate the mean the measurement point is first to be adjusted. Although points 1 through 250 have been labeled, in actuality they are time based measurements. Each measurement is 10 ps apart, and for the next steps they will be used in the same format. The Measurement Points in this table below are the time values. By way of example, MP1 in the table below is 1�10 ps, or 10 ps. MP3 is 3�10 ps, or 30 ps. When, finally, the results are obtained for the mean and standard deviation they will be in picoseconds.
The standard formula for calculating the mean is:
where X are the individual values and N is the sample size, or number of values.
The above formula must be adjusted slightly. For each Measurement Point, one million samples are preferably taken, thus weighting each Measurement Point. The value X in the standard formula is replaced by (MPX times JX) Similarly, the number of samples in the denominator needs to be adjusted. It is not 250, the number of measurement points, but instead the total number of highs measured. The new formula is shown below.
Recalling that at the beginning of the present discussion, T0 was defined to be the mean value of the plurality of measurements, for the discussion that follows hereinafter, calculation of the mean will be omitted, and an estimate of its location places it at Measurement Point 125. Further analyzing
From the data collected it is further determined that:
The next piece of information that can be calculated is the standard deviation.
Using this mean one now calculates the standard deviation. The standard formula for calculating the standard deviation is as follows. Using the unbiased equation with N−1 instead of N in the denominator
The numbers calculated must then be correlated to the hardware being tested. After testing multiple chips a correlation between good or bad chips and a certain level of jitter is found and the tester is programmed to sort out chips as good or bad depending on the level of jitter. These criteria are determined from real data and vary for each application of the present invention. It has been found that the standard deviation and the total (or peak) jitter are most useful in evaluating the chips tested.
For illustrative purposes, the example above was implemented using a Teradyne J973 tester. This method applies to other test platforms as well. On the J973 the implementation was as follows:
The tester is known to include a test pattern generator which contains the desired states of the various pins for the duration of the test, and a timing generator which takes the states of the pattern generator and places them precisely within the period, either for inputting data to the chip, or for reading values from the chip. The tester first initializes the chip and configures the PLL to run at the desired frequency. Then, the measurement circuitry reads the values in each period at a predetermined location (
When the first 1 million measurements were collected, the tester analyzes the collected data to determine how many highs there are and that data is adjusted to find the unique edges (Step 106). This measurement is saved in the tester memory in an array and the test proceeds to the next measurement point. At the second measurement point, it is not necessary to reinitialize the chip, simply to continue the measurements as before, reading 1 million values and storing them in the memory. This process continues for as many measurement points as necessary until END is reached.
It is at this point that the tester determines the statistical values, the mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, and the like. These are calculated by the tester code, although other calculations can be programmed as well. The resulting values may also be stored in an off-tester database for analysis for future comparison to other chips. The values are then taken by the tester and compared to predetermined limits to determine if the chip is good or bad. In some cases, the standard deviation is used as a sorting criterion, in others the minimum or maximum, or the total jitter. The PLL may also be run at multiple frequencies with different configurations and those results compared. Regardless of the number of criteria, the tester compares its calculated values and determines sorting the chips accordingly. It is also possible to sort chips according to their jitter, rather than simply distinguishing as good or bad. Chips of like jitter may be grouped into different categories, allowing the criteria used to vary widely based on the specific application to which the method was applied.
The method as described presents numerous advantages, which include:
While this invention has been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments outlined above, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the embodiments of the invention as set forth above are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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The Lake County Retired Teachers Association will meet at noon on Tuesday, Feb. 11, at Lambs Farm restaurant, Route 176 and I-94, near Libertyville. The cost is $16 per person for the buffet luncheon and meeting. The guest speaker is Ainsley Wonderling, director at Lakes Region Historical Society in Antioch. Wonderling has an extensive personal collection of Civil War-era clothing and accessories with intriguing histories. All retired educators are welcome to attend and no reservations are necessary.
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Spring break is fast approaching and it seems like all of Baldwin Wallace is well aware. At least three times a day I hear someone talking about what they are going to do over spring break, how many days of school we have left (ten, by the way), or how they feel like they really need a break from the constant "go-go-go" lifestyle of college.
I am no exception to this trend. I have been counting down the days until spring break since February began. I have reason to be even more excited this particular year because I get to fly to Florida to visit my aunt and uncle at their vacation home. I'm going to give myself the right to brag here a little, so brace yourselves… I can't wait to lay on the beach with the sun warming me and get a tan. I can't wait to swim in the ocean and eat fresh fruit and wear shorts and tank tops. I also can't wait to see my aunt and uncle because its been a while since I've seen anyone in my family. I just hope that the weather is good and that it doesn't rain the whole time!


text:
Who Should Attend
Anyone who is responsible for the success of marketing programs within a company will benefit as well as anyone seeking to move into a marketing position.
To be accepted to the GMCP, you must have an undergraduate degree. On a case-by-case basis, an exception can be made for those with some college courses and significant marketing work experience. We do not require GMAT testing as a condition for admission.
|Sample of job titles of previous participants :
|Account Executive
Business Owner/Entrepreneur
Brand Manager
Corporate Marketing and Sales Director
Director of Business Development
Marketing Communications Manager
Marketing Manager
Media Planner
Product or Services Manager
Public Relations Director


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Register now for free, or sign in with any of these services:
Best line of last nights episode?......"We're not hookers, we're just from Jersey".
I liked most of the article, but how about some balance, fellas?
You had no trouble relating a tale of "a police force not answerable to the public". Well, how about balancing that with just a couple of of the NJ Troopers that made the ultimate sacrifice on the Turnpike?
Remember Trooper Chris Scales who died under the wheels of a tanker truck at exit 12 in Carteret in 2002?
How about Trooper Werner Foerster who died from Black Liberation Army gunshot wounds near exit 9 in East Brunswick in 1973?
I guess that would be asking too much.
Vicki...Great comments from you (as usual). I love this column more than watching the show (almost) hahaha
The thing that struck me when Snooki was flashing her stuff on the dance floor in Florence was that she was copying Deena's floor show in Riccione. Sort of a ..."Meatball see...Meatball do"?
And holy crap, how many times has Snooki used that phrase..."I don't deserve this right now.."
Actually Snook...maybe you DO deserve it. Can this girl be a more obnoxious drunk?
As far as The Situation...it's been clear to me for some time now that Mike wants to hook up with Snooki as BF/GF. The "Snitch-uation" is a devious little bugger and I think there was a method to his madness when he "confided" to Ronnie that he and Snooki got together a couple of months earlier. He planned on the word getting out and hoped that it would break up Snooki and Jionni and plans to move in. I saw the "Snitch" on the After The Show a week ago and he was telling the world that Snooki gave him oral sex that night. What a loser. If Snooki ends up with the Snitch...they both deserve each other.
A preview of next weeks show has The Snitch confessing to Snooki his undying love for her. This one I GOTTA see! I can't wait to see your comments on next weeks show.
And lest I be charged with hijacking someones catch phrase...."Yeahhhhh buddy"! hahaha
..."It was ok when DiBiasi was taking criminals off the streets"
Hey...that's what he was getting PAID FOR, REMEMBER?
"Spicuzzo is one thing but these other guys didn't come up with this idea"
What idea is that you speak of? Being an alleged "BAG MAN"?
Since when did being an alleged bag man in a bribery situation become OK? Surely, they could have said the word "NO"...couldn't they? Please don't make excuses for their alleged conduct. And let me say that I certainly am NOT prejudging these officers....in my eyes, and under the law they are INNOCENT until proven guilty in a court of law.
"and what about the individuals that paid for the jobs?"
I say investigate them also...and if they can be shown to have committed any crime? PROSECUTE THEM TOO! This whole situation STINKS to high heaven...and from the previous Star Ledger articles , this situation appears to have been going on for DECADES!! The NON-Civil Service title of Sheriff's Investigator...An appointed position...needs to be done away with. Many of the "Investigators" are/were KIDS...right out of high school. TOTALLY unqualified for this position with absolutely NO previous law enforcement experience of any kind.
I'll tell you what angers me...is that the hundreds of honest, decent, hard working Sheriff's Officers and Superior Officers in the Middlesex County Sheriff's Department employed there now...and in the past 25 years have had their reputations tarnished FOREVER by this alleged corruption. The honor and good reputation that so many good officers have worked so hard to obtain has been spat upon. Now it seems that every Superior Officer who has ever worked in the Sheriff's Dept. for the last 25 years is tarnished by the thought of..."Did he pay for his promotion too"?
So yes....I'm in favor of every person who has paid for a job or promotion being investigated and prosecuted. Let's start with looking at the title of Investigator.
Sunlight is the best disinfectant.
Keep up the thorough investigation, and turn over every rock. Let the truth come out once and for all. Let the chips fall where there may no matter which party it is or who is involved.
This type of political thievery and thuggery must stop! The citizens of Middlesex County and N.J. deserve nothing less!
"The Scooz" is gonna sing like a canary.
...and that sound you hear? Those are all the rats running for cover... panicking rats who will soon be looking for their own deal with the AG.
Sunlight is the best disinfectant. Jail EVERY corrupt pol no matter which party they're from.
Is that atheists billboard offensive to me?..... Yep.
Am I gonna get all bent out of shape about it?..... Nope. I'm just gonna say a prayer for the people responsible for that billboard, and wish all the atheists out there a Merry Christmas, and God's blessings for you and your families.
To the Christians out there.....we know that "HE" is the reason for the season. Merry Christmas and God bless you!


text: The Black Longspine Urchin is especially useful in reef aquariums because it will eat unsightly Green Hair Algae. It is also useful for controlling algae in aquariums containing aggressive fish that may eat other invertebrates. They are nocturnal and spend the night grazing while the fish sleep. When they feel threatened by a fish they will actually point their spines at the fish to protect themselves. They are venomous so be careful not to get poked. The sting is similar to a bee sting.


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Free iTunes Gift Card Codes To Get Tuned
It goes without saying that the Apple devices have created excellent platforms for listening to great quality music. You will not feel like listening through any other devices once you have started using Apple devices. However, in order to enjoy stuffs in your Apple device, you will have to acquire them from the iTunes store which can be purchased with the help of cards. These cards have to be purchased through real money, which often turns out to be expensive. Thus, the best option is to make use of free itunes codes so that you can save your money while continue enjoying the music in the Apple device.
Free iTunes Gift Card, Get Updates:
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Free iTunes Gift Card, Do Not Worry About Scams:
It is true that, the market is flooded with scams in the recent years. Therefore, you will have to be careful before using any itunes code generator. Well, if you acquire them from legitimate sources, you will not have to bother about scams. The codes generated will be legal and the generator will be safe for a machine. As a whole, you can reap great benefits when you get access to itunes card generator.Therefore, make sure that you do not miss out the opportunity to obtain the same to fulfill your desire.


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Slice through stubble the Bluebeards way with this truly stunning, bespoke double edge safety razor! It really is the height of luxury.
Totally stunning, bespoke, precision engineered double edged razor - the epitome of traditional shaving instruments. Laser etched with Bluebeards Revenge logo. Unique.
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Product code: SHBBRSCIM


text:
Graduate Academic Catalog 2012-2013
Credit Hour
Definition of a Credit Hour - One credit hour corresponds to one hour per week of classroom work for a semester, or to three clock hours or its equivalent of laboratory work per week for a semester. Some exceptions exist.
Full-time Students
Graduate students enrolled for 8 or more credit hours are considered full-time students. Graduate students enrolled for 6 or more hours are considered full-time during summer term.
Note that the federal government and some other agencies have different definitions of student status.
Catalog Links


text:
Professional Education
Bachelor of Science, Zhongshan University (2004)
Doctor of Philosophy, University of Illinois Chicago (2010)
Stanford Advisors
Thomas Sudhof, Postdoctoral Research Mentor
The generation of functional retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is of great therapeutic interest to the field of regenerative medicine and may provide possible cures for retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although RPE cells can be produced from either embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells, direct cell reprogramming driven by lineage-determining transcription factors provides an immediate route to their generation. By monitoring a human RPE specific Best1::GFP reporter, we report the conversion of human fibroblasts into RPE lineage using defined sets of transcription factors. We found that Best1::GFP positive cells formed colonies and exhibited morphological and molecular features of early stage RPE cells. Moreover, they were able to obtain pigmentation upon activation of Retinoic acid (RA) and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathways. Our study not only established an ideal platform to investigate the transcriptional network regulating the RPE cell fate determination, but also provided an alternative strategy to generate functional RPE cells that complement the use of pluripotent stem cells for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy of retinal degeneration.
View details for DOI 10.1007/s13238-013-0011-2
View details for Web of Science ID 000332461300007
View details for PubMedID 24474194
In the past few years, progress being made in stem cell studies has incontestably led to the hope of developing cell replacement based therapy for diseases deficient in effective treatment by conventional ways. The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are of great interest of cell therapy research because of their unrestricted self-renewal and differentiation potentials. Proof of principle studies have successfully demonstrated that iPSCs technology would substantially benefit clinical studies in various areas, including neurological disorders, hematologic diseases, cardiac diseases, liver diseases and etc. On top of this, latest advances of gene editing technologies have vigorously endorsed the possibility of obtaining disease-free autologous cells from patient specific iPSCs. Here in this review, we summarize current progress of stem cell therapy research with special enthusiasm in iPSCs studies. In addition, we compare current gene editing technologies and discuss their potential implications in clinic application in the future.
View details for DOI 10.1038/aps.2013.77
View details for Web of Science ID 000319915000005
View details for PubMedID 23736002


text:
Cavaliers vs. Timberwolves
Submitted by bjirousek on July 19, 2012 - 10:59am
Derrick Williams scores 23 points, Coby Karl adds 18 as the Timberwolves defeat the Cavaliers.
Unlike the NBA season, in summer league, teams freely change lineups and rotations from game-to-game. On Tuesday night, the Cavaliers went with a new look, but the result was the same as the previous evening: another win for the Wine and Gold.
Cleveland managed just 37 points in the first half of Tuesday's matchup with Phoenix. But they turned it up in the second stanza and blew past the Suns, 89-74, at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas.


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General Education Assessment
While the student who earns a baccalaureate degree at LSUS will have specialized in a major field and pursued personal interests in elective studies, the pursuit of a degree would have been incomplete without a foundation in the common knowledge that unites us in our humanity. The following links provide information on course requirements and student learning outcomes for the General Education program at LSU Shreveport.
General Education RequirementsGeneral Education Competencies and Learning Outcomes


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