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Posts Tagged 'The Bachelorette: After the Final Rose Ratings'
August 13th, 2013 at 10:30 am
Up in Viewers and Young Adults, ABC Earns its Best Numbers in 7 Weeks
Posting its 3rd straight week of Total Viewer gains (+5% - 4.2 million vs. 4.0 million) and growing 10% in Adults 18-49[Read-More]
August 6th, 2013 at 1:57 pm
Monday Final TV Ratings: 'Under the Dome' Adjusted Up, 'Siberia' Adjusted Down
Monday's final broadcast primetime ratings.[Read-More]
August 6th, 2013 at 9:07 am
ABC Dominates Monday with 'The Bachelorette' Finishing at Season Highs
Featuring the season finale of The Bachelorette and After the Final Rose, ABC won Monday night by wide margins over its nearest[Read-More]
August 6th, 2013 at 8:39 am
TV Ratings Monday: 'The Bachelorette' Finale Wins Night, 'Under the Dome' Hits Low, 'American Ninja Warrior' Down, 'Get Out Alive' Up
ABC was number one with adults 18-49 and with total viewers.[Read-More]
July 24th, 2012 at 10:32 am
ABC Wins in Adults 18-49, as the Season Finale of 'The Bachelorette' and 'The Bachelorette: After the Final Rose' Tie as the Week's Number 1 TV Show
ABC finished No. 1 during the week of July 16, 2012 among Adults 18-49 (1.5/5), beating Fox by 7% (1.4/5), CBS by[Read-More]
July 24th, 2012 at 7:55 am
Sunday Final Ratings: 'The Bachelorette', 'Big Brother' Adjusted Up; 'After The Final Rose', 'Teen Choice Awards' Adjusted Down
Sunday final broadcast primetime ratings.[Read-More]
July 23rd, 2012 at 9:13 am
'The Bachelorette' Finale Grows Year to Year to Make ABC a Dominant Number 1 on Sunday
Featuring the 9th season finale of The Bachelorette and the After the Final Rose special, ABC overshadowed Sunday night, beating out its[Read-More]
July 23rd, 2012 at 8:57 am
TV Ratings Sunday: 'The Bachelorette' Finale and 'After the Final Rose' Up; 'Big Brother' Down, 'Teen Choice Awards' Flat
ABC was number one in adults 18-49 and among total viewers.[Read-More]


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You may find some useful info on the airlines websites. Not difinitive stuff, but usually accurate. The handgun will be probably more of interest than the rifles and shotguns I'd think.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Seattle's Big Blog
Covering Seattle news, weather, arts and conversation.
Posts by Author
Oil spill practices Monday on Puget Sound
The state, the Marine Spill Response Corp. and several oil companies are conducting unannounced oil spill drills Monday in the Sound off of Seattle, Tacoma, Anacortes, Bellingham and Port Angeles. [Read More]
Student groups call for strike at UW
A coalition of University of Washington students and employees is organizing a strike against the college for next Monday. [Read More]
Local Navy bases tackle anti-terrorism training next week
The U.S. Navy's mainland shore bases — including those in Puget Sound — will go through a week-long stint of anti-terrorism and security training. [Read More]
Ancient artifacts found on UW grounds
Three ultra-ancient artifacts — 4,000 to 7,000 years old — have been found by the University of Washington's botany greenhouse, the university announced Monday. [Read More]


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Blue Ivy Gave the Final OK For Beyoncé's Mom to Get Married
What Blue Ivy says, goes in the Knowles family.
You Can't Buy Beyoncé's Limited Edition iWatch, Sorry
Her Coachella trip revealed another reason you'll never be Beyoncé: her iWatch.
Drake Says There's a Beyoncé Collaboration on 'Views From the 6′
According to Drake, he has two songs he likes for the fourth LP—one being a track with Beyoncé that he says he recorded a "while ago."
Her Boyfriend Passed a Beyoncé Test to Prove His Love—Could You?
She made him take a test on all things Beyoncé to prove his love, and he passed with flying colors. Could you?
Beyoncé Celebrates Her Wedding Anniversary With a Song for Hubby Jay Z: Watch
To celebrate seven years, Beyoncé didn't get her hubby Jay Z anything that's wool or copper or a fancy desk set, like tradition says. Instead, she gave him a song called "Die With You."
Chris Brown Hops on Beyoncé's 'Jealous' Remix
We're definitely jealous of Chris Brown for getting a chance to be on Beyoncé's remix for "Jealous."
This Is How Beyonce & Blue Ivy Floss
As with most things they do, their flossing is just a little bit elevated.
Reality Check For 3/31/15: Jay-Zs new Streaming Service TIDAL, Bieber Roast, McDonald's All Day Breakfast
Oh boy did Justin Bieber get beat up or what?
The TIDAL Promo Video Is So Illuminati It Hurts
A cavalcade of music superstars gather in the video announcing Jay Z's new streaming service, TIDAL.
Surprise! Odds of Big Artists Debuting Brand New Albums on TIDAL Today
Not that we're betting folks, but if we were….


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Broadband USA API
The BTOP (Broadband Technology Opportunities Program) works on expanding broadband access across America. The BTOP API provides access to information on places that have been awarded PCC (Public Computer Center) funding or assistance by the government. This information can be viewed through a map on the website or retrieved programmatically by state, zipcode, or coordinates. The API is capable of retrieving this information in both JSON and XML format.
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An acoustic-electric with attitude.
Based on Tim Armstrong's beat-up old Sixties acoustic, on which he writes all the songs for the legendary punk band Rancid, the Fender Tim Armstrong Hellcat acoustic-electric guitar is ready to slam its way into the mosh pit. Tim has given his acoustic some modern flair and style with pearl acrylic "Hellcat" logos on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th frets while a couple of skulls adorn the 12th fret. Other features include a Fishman Isys III preamp with built -In tuner, strap button, scalloped bracing, solid mahogany top and a look that will have you singing "Roots Radicals" till your Mohawk is ready for its next trim. Fender includes Tim's custom "Let's Go" guitar strap that perfectly complements this acoustic's edgy visuals.
Case sold separately.


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- Home
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Pay Bill Online
(For Bill Payment en espanol, click here)
At Terre Haute Regional Hospital, we are committed to providing you with the best available healthcare along with convenient and reliable billing services. Our financial services office can be reached at 1-800-605-1528 from 8:00AM to 5:00PM Monday through Friday. The office is located on the first floor. Correspondence regarding your bill should be mailed to:
Terre Haute Regional Hospital Business Office
3901 South 7th St.
Terre Haute, IN. 47802
It is important to remember that your hospital bill covers services provided by the hospital: room, nursing care, meals, housekeeping and linen. It may also include services ordered by your physician: X-rays, laboratory tests, medical supplies and oxygen. The bill does not include charges for your personal physician, surgeon, anesthesiologist, pathologist, emergency physician, radiologist, or other physician assistants. You will receive separate bills from these physicians.
Our hospital also provides pricing estimates for you to review.
We hope our financial services office can resolve any questions that you may have. Terre Haute Regional Hospital looks forward to serving you in the future.
Please note:
As you are aware, general Internet e-mail is inherently not secure. We are currently in the process of enhancing this e-mail service and recommend that items considered confidential or private in nature not be communicated through e-mail at this time (i.e., Social Security Numbers, Diagnosis Information, Credit Card Numbers, etc.). When conveying confidential or private information, please contact the Business Office directly at the phone number listed on your statement.
**All payment and account information obtained in other areas of our web site is encrypted or encoded securing the information so it can only be read by the intended recipients.**
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Now it is time to think about food. I know. It is a long time before our trip to WDW, but soon it will be time to make reservations. On April 26, dining reservations can be made at almost all the WDW restaurants for out October trip.
Dining is one of the great Disney experiences of WDW. There are so many settings, themes and cuisines. I suggest that you take advantage of as many experiences as your budget can afford.
On or after April 26, call Disney dining, 1-(407)- 939-3463, and make reservations. There is no toll free number. You will be given choices of dining times. The longer you wait, the fewer available reservations at the most popular times. If you wait too long, there might not be any available times. It is very typical for WDW restaurants to be booked solid, especially the best or most affordable.
Keep a record of the confirmation codes that are given you. Take those numbers with you on the trip. Make sure you write down the EXACT time too. You will be expected to show up 20 minutes ahead of that time. If there is a problem, you will have the confirmation codes to verify.
There are many resources that can explain to you the prices and types of dining available. You now have one month to ask around as to suggestions.
Try the Exotic
My suggestions are to try the exotic. Pick a cuisine that you dont normally have. It is fun to explore new food choices and new settings.
Try Buffets
There are many reasons to stick to buffets at WDW.
There are a lot of them. You have many to choose from in the parks and at the resorts.
There is usually something there to please everybody in the group, kids, vegetarians,big eaters, and sweet lovers.
You can try a little bit of everything. If it is something you dont like, then you can try something else.
Everything is usually included, even dessert.
The meal goes quicker. You dont have to wait for service. If you are like me, I want to go back to the attractions as fast as I can.
The food quality is usually superior to counter service, but not that much more expensive.
It usually works out to be more economical since you can have a big lunch at a buffet and have a lighter dinner, saving money.
Even if you dont only choose buffets, they are a great choice.
Make your reservations early
Once you know where, then work out when. Plan which parks you want to hit what days. If you change your mind, no problem. Call back and make a change, but you will only have the available times to choose from.
Personal favorites:
I do have restaurants that are just the best, either because of the food or atmosphere. I plan on trying some new ones on this trip.
1) Boma-- It has been rated 5 stars. If you have never had African, this is the place. The quality is outstanding and choices plentiful. It is at the DAK resort. It makes a wonderful dinner location for a day at DAK.
2) Crystal Palace-- If you are a Pooh lover, this is the place. Although noisier than most locations, kids and adults will find the food excellent and characters charming.
3) 1900 Park Fare-- Also a character meal, featuring Cinderella and friends. It is a good excuse to see the Grand Floridian resort. Great food and charming atmosphere.
4) Hollywood and Vine-- The atmosphere is bland here, but the food is very good. I still think it is a great choice if atmosphere is not your thing.
5) Akershus Royal Buffet-- You might not have heard of Norwegian food. It scares some people. Believe me. There is nothing frightening here. Hot food is cooked for you when you order. Cool food is available immediately. I found it a great experience.
6) Ohanas-- Hawaiian food brought to your table. Great selection with a wonderful view of the Magic Kingdom.
7) Whispering Canyon Cafe-- Western food served by performing servers who sound like they are missing more they their six-shooters. Fun for kids and the family...
Not buffets but still great restaurants:
>> Restaurant Marrakesh-- A belly dancer in Disney style provide unique entertainment. A wonderful middle eastern selection is generally affordable. Most avoid this restaurant because they think the food is too spicy. In reality, it is very mild.
>> Le Cellier-- Canadian with a strong French influence makes this mainly steak place a wonderful pick. Most enjoy this restaurant very much. Remember to try the cheese soup!
Bon appetite!


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Q: Why should I buy Traveller lubricants?
A:Tractor Supply Company works very hard to provide very high-quality, technologically advanced lubricants that are specifically formulated with balanced chemistry. This comes together in an outstanding product selection designed to give your customers' equipment enhanced oxidation, exceptional deposit and wear control, outstanding ability to handle soot and, in the end, prolonged engine life.
Q: Who makes Traveller Lubricants?
A:Warren Distribution (since 1922) is based in Omaha, Nebraska and has been Tractor Supply Company's supplier of lubricant products since 1997. As a large, privately owned independent oil company, Warren blends and packages private-label oils for major brands in the market, including retailers, the Department of the Defense and other agricultural brands, including Traveller.
Warren purchases the highest-quality severely hydrotreated base oils available from the world's major refiners and combines them with the most technologically advanced additive systems, resulting in finished lubricants that meet or exceed OEM requirements. Warren Distribution is fully licensed and approved by the American Petroleum Institute.
Q: Is Traveller Fleet Heavy Duty Diesel Engine oil approved for use in a gasoline engine?
A:According to the API service classification, these products meet or exceed the performance requirements for API Service CI-4/SL. The "SL" classification indicates these engine oils can be used in gasoline engines. But remember: Always refer to the automobile's Owner's Manual for the preferred SAE grade.
Q: Is Traveller Universal Tractor Fluid compatible with other brands of tractor fluid?
A:Yes, they are fully compatible with every other brand -- although not all other brands meet the same high quality standards set by Tractor Supply Company.
Q: Do Synthetic Oil or Synthetic Oil Blends last any longer than do regular mineral oil formulations?
A:No, Synthetics require oil changes at the same oil drain interval as do regular mineral oil formulations. Here's why: "Synthetic" refers to the base oil used, which is just one part of the formulation. The additive system used with the base synthetic oil is identical to that used in regular mineral oil formulations. These additives deplete at the same rate during engine combustion, whether in a synthetic or a regular oil. The base oils never wear out but they do become contaminated with combustion by-products when doing their job protecting the engine.
Q: Why does Traveller Fleet Heavy Duty SAE 15W40 perform better than straight 30 weight?
A:15W40 pumps much quicker during engine start-up and flows slower at high operating temperatures. Since approximately 50% of engine wear occurs at start-up and 15W40 pumps quicker to the valves, you get improved protection. In addition, at higher operating temperatures, 15W40 flows slower, leaving a thicker oil film between parts. This film offers a better level of protection. Finally, 15W40 helps lower oil consumption by improved wiping of the cylinder walls - this means less "burn-off" and lower emissions.
Q: Can Traveller Universal Tractor Fluid be used where Allison Type C-4 and Cat TO-2 fluids are recommended?
A:Yes, Traveller Universal Tractor Fluid meets or exceeds all the requirements for transmissions requiring Allison Type C-4 and Caterpillar TO-2 lubricant specifications, meaning this fluid is appropriate for a wide range of applications.
Q: What is the weight of Traveller Universal Tractor Fluid?
A:Traveller Universal Tractor Fluid is actually 10W20 multi-viscosity weight oil that has 10-weight pumpability (viscosity) when it's cold, and a 20-weight pumpability during normal operating temperatures.
Q: What about the use of aftermarket oil additives sold under various private labels?
A:Tractor Supply Company specifically recommends not using oil additives and, in fact, the use of additives may adversely affect your customer's machinery warranty. After the warranty period expires, however, there is nothing to prevent a customer's using any number of additives. However, your customers need to realize that our oils already include the proper balance of additives as specified by OEM engineers; this additive package has been designed to protect their equipments' engines. At worst, the addition of aftermarket additives may disturb this fine balance and, at best, are unnecessary.
However, there is generally more to be lost than gained by using aftermarket oil additives. Many oil additives contain PTFE, also known as Teflon. PTFE is a solid. The job of your engine's oil filter is to collect solid particles down to about 10 microns in size. That size means that the much larger PTFE particles will end up in the filter, plugging the filter and causing the bypass valve to open, allowing the engine to run on unfiltered oil. And that's really asking for trouble!
Other additives are nothing but ultra-thick substances that increase the oil's viscosity in an attempt to reduce leaking from a seal that has seen better days. Your customer would be better off to change the seal: Attempting to stop a leaking seal by thickening the oil can't be good for an engine that is not leaking or burning oil.
Some oil additives contain real anti-wear additives such as ZDDP (Zinc). ZDDP is a useful additive when used in the right concentration, and in the right combination with other additives. Good diesel motor oils already contain the right amount of ZDDP along with other additives that come together in a well-engineered, balanced additive package. This is the type of additive package already formulated into Traveller lubricants.


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first tee jitters
first tee jitters
Results: 1 - 2 of 2
From the archives
Tiger's First-Tee Jitters
Even Tiger has had 'em. What can help him can help you too.
July 2011
- keywords:
- tiger woods,
- first-tee jitters,
- max adler,
- 2003 British Open,
- Royal St. George's
How to start strong, by Dr. Bob Rotella
For most players at this week's U.S. Open at Congressional, hitting that first tee shot is extremely nerve-wracking. Not only is it the national championship of the United States of America, it's also a terribly...
Thursday, 6/16/2011 at 10:44AM
- keywords:
- Bob Rotella,
- Roger Schiffman,
- The Instruction Blog,
- U.S. Open,
- first-tee jitters
Results: 1 - 2 of 2


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* required fields
Originally published in Interiors & Sources
Compiled by Erika Templeton
Guests gather for the American Academy of Healthcare Interior Designers (AAHID) Workshop to learn about the required knowledge base, materials, and procedures for achieving certification in healthcare interior design.
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One-on-one networking sessions gave designers and manufacturers a chance to meet and learn face-to-face.
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Lois Wellwood of NBBJ sits down with Kevin Barry of Kevin Barry Fine Art Associates.
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Kristin Kahle gives designers the rundown on new products from Whitehall Manufacturing.
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In their downtime, attendees gathered for dinner and were entertained by a surprise guest: magician Joel Ward.
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Sarah Easterling and Jon Cochran help spread Art is Love story by Kalisher.
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On February 17, we kicked off our first-ever Design Connections event at the beautiful Island Hotel in Newport Beach, Calif. For three days, we heard from key leaders in healthcare design and grappled with the host of issues facing this rapidly evolving sector of the market.
Our 80 guests represented the International Interior Design Association (IIDA), the American Society of Interior Designers (ASID), the American Academy of Healthcare Interior Designers (AAHID), the New York School of Interior Design (NYSID), and dozens of top-rated U.S. design practices and manufacturers. Lively panel discussions, CEU sessions, boardroom meetings, and one-on-one networking chats revealed many of the questions facing both designers and the manufacturers who supply them. And while solving these big-picture riddles will almost certainly require more than the short time we spent together, here's a quick recap of some of the most pressing topics raised by attendees.
the decentralization of care
One of the biggest challenges and opportunities currently facing healthcare designers is the move to community-based care models, where patients choose the services they need in a supportive yet independent environment. The form and structure of these holistic communities will be largely determined by healthcare designers, and as Margi Kaminski, ASID, construction coordinator/interior design with Cadence Health detailed at the event, their experiments are just beginning.
"We recently received a large grant to establish a home healthcare model that just really kind of blows up everything we know about healthcare design outside of the more commercial setting, and it was an interesting outcome," Kaminski said during the opening session, Patient Experience and the Future Role of Interior Design. "The one physician who's leading this up, he had one particular patient who was using the emergency room almost on a weekly basis, and it was getting to be a problem. So they started providing home healthcare to her, and it radically reduced the amount of money and the effort that we spent to treat this woman. It really turned her quality of life around. It will be interesting to see as time goes on if that will become a more popular modality. It's like what's old is new again."
the "doc in a box" age
Changes in healthcare delivery aren't just limited to long-term care environments or specialized communities; thanks to cost and competitive
pressures, drastic changes will be coming to healthcare consumers everywhere. Attendees emphasized the importance of staying appraised of changing standards and trends in the volatile years ahead.
"I heard one healthcare CEO predict that in 5 years 20 percent of the hospitals will be shut down—most of them rural hospitals," recounted Ridley Kinsey, director of healthcare markets for Patcraft. "Because of financial pressure they're not going to make it, so that leaves a big gap if you just look at that on its own. On the other hand, you hear Wal-Mart within the next five years plans to have a 'doc in the box' in all their rural facilities, so that's filling that void pretty quickly. They already have a pharmacy; they already have eye care centers. It's really pretty cheap, quick, and easy to put a little facility in there, and then they're a total provider."
"We're already seeing some other larger healthcare systems now look at their standards programs to create consumer-driven healthcare brands, not just in the U.S. but globally," he added. "Ten years from now, there are going to be more and more global healthcare brands."
Xcel Energy's Data Center Efficiency program can help data centers and large-scale IT operations improve reliability and energy efficiency.
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The BUILDINGS brand serves commercial building owners and facilities management professionals for commercial real estate. BUILDINGS brand offers its audience of commercial building owners and facilities management professionals information on the development, construction, modernization, management and operations of commercial buildings as well as the products and services needed to support such commercial buildings and facilities management. With the information we offer, we help facilities management professionals make smarter decisions for commercial buildings.
BUILDINGS delivers relevant and timely information that equips commercial building owners and facilities management professionals with the knowledge and support they need to solve critical issues; energy management, lowering operating costs, new products for commercial buildings, security, and much more.
BUILDINGS provides facilities management professionals commercial buildings tips and trends trough online webinar events (BuildingsVIP), monthly newsletters, whitepapers and case studies.
In addition to content, BUILDINGS features a comprehensive list of products and services and is your link to the companies that provide these valuable facilities management and commercial buildings resources.
You also have the opportunity to maintain your commercial buildings certifications with BUILDINGS. Continuing Education Units are available with approved content from BOMI.
©Copyright 2014 Stamats Communications, Inc. All rights reserved / BUILDINGS


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Complete security system: This system from Security Labs includes everything youll need to set up a video surveillance system in your home or business: a color monitor, four cameras, a four-channel DVR with a 80GB hard drive, and mounting equipment and cables. Youll have complete control over your surroundings.
View over the Internet: The DVR will record one to four cameras. Fully multiplexed, each camera can be viewed live or played back full screen or quad mode (four at once). Connect the DVR to a router or broadband modem to view over the internet or local area network.
Motion detection: Built-in video motion detection can be set to place the DVR to record automatically when any camera detects activity. It includes a flash card slot for additional image portablity.


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Hotels in 64130 - Kansas City MO
Only hotels in 64130 zip code are listed below. Search for cheap and discount hotel rates in Kansas City, MO for your upcoming leisure or conference / group travel. We list the best 64130 hotels and motels so you can review the Kansas City hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. Hotels in Jackson county and area code 816 are also listed.
64130 Hotels & Accommodations
Next: Show All Available 64130 Hotels with Pricing >


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Posted at: 07/29/2013 9:15 AM
By: Logan Gruber
Lundeen Productions-ShowPro has been an entertainment and promotion staple in the Northland for 40 years now. Lundeen Productions was founded in 1973, and owner Tracy Lundeen is very excited about the 40th anniversary event they are putting on Thursday, August 1st, at Clyde Iron Works.
"We've got some of the old music groups getting together, including my own which should be interesting!" Tracy says. There will be a multimedia slideshow of many of the events and promotions that Lundeen Productions worked on throughout the years. The slideshow and music portion of the event will begin at 7:00 PM, doors open for a social hour at 6:00 PM.
Lundeen Productions was involved in a large part of the music scene in Duluth. They brought Willie Nelson and the Beach Boys to Wade Stadium. They were at the forefront of the creation of Bayfront Festival Park. Fourth-Fest and the Bayfront Blues Festival were major ShowPro efforts created after the park was built.
Lundeen Productions, besides being an entertainer, has also be heavily involved in charity. They raised over $10,000 for local charities through the Great Music Marathon during the 1980's. From 2010-2012 they donated $15,000 through the Engwalls Corn Maze to regional charities including Animal Allies, Second Harvest, Coats for Kids and more.
If you're interested in the history of entertainment in Duluth, definitely head down to Clyde Iron Works Thursday night, August 1st. Doors open at 6:00 PM, the event starts at 7:00 PM.


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Pair in police car chase had string of criminal convictions
Posted: December 13, 2012|
TWO men involved in an early morning police chase where they drove on the wrong side of the road, on a pavement and even down stairs, have been jailed.
Robert Reynolds, 27, and his co-accused Craig Cullen, 27, were both in a Daewoo car and goaded police into following them.
Reynolds has seven convictions for taking vehicles, five for dangerous driving and 15 for driving while disqualified.
He admitted dangerous driving, aggravated vehicle-taking and driving while disqualified and having no insurance.
Last month he stood trial accused of ram-raids at Comet and Staples stores in Swansea. He was found not guilty on one count and the jury at Swansea Crown Court failed to reach a verdict on the second.
The prosecution had alleged the Daewoo car had been used in both those burglaries. His co-accused, Craig Cullen, admitted a single charge of being carried in a vehicle knowing it to have been stolen.
He had four previous convictions involving taking motor cars, Swansea Crown Court heard.
At 3.15am on April 30 police saw the car being driven by Reynolds in Uplands, Swansea.
Specialist traffic officers followed the car on to Mansel Street where Reynolds began to speed up. He then made his way to Neath Road, where they watched him make a handbrake turn.
Patrick Griffiths, prosecuting, said: "It's then that his driving got significantly worse".
He said Reynolds, of Carmarthen Road, Fforestfach, drove "as fast as he could" and drove on the wrong side of the dual carriageway. As he approached Nantong Way, he mounted the pavement before driving the car down a set of steep stairs towards a nearby pond.
When the car was forced to stop, Reynolds, along with Cullen, 27, of Townhill Road, Mayhill, and a third man Carl Thomas, 36, of Mansel Road, Bonymaen, jumped out, before being arrested.
Thomas, who denies knowing he was being carried in a stolen car, will stand trial at a later date.
Dyfed Thomas, representing Reynolds, said that because of the time in the morning, the roads would have been quiet and no-one was injured. But he accepted: "It was a bad period of driving."
"He never quibbled about his involvement in the driving. He accepts his dishonesty in getting in that car and driving it away in the way he did," added Mr Thomas.
Andrew Evans, appearing for Cullen, said his client had got into the car minutes before the car chase. He admitted realising the car was stolen but not getting out of the car.
"He would like the opportunity of putting his offending past behind him sooner rather than later," said Mr Evans.
Judge Keith Thomas, sitting at Swansea Crown Court, imposed 16-month terms on Reynolds for the offences of aggravated vehicle- taking and dangerous driving and another four-month sentence for driving while disqualified, all of which will run concurrently.
Reynolds was also banned from driving for two years.
"You were trying to provoke the police into chasing you because you gained some thrill or satisfaction from that and your previous convictions indicate you have previously driven dangerously when being chased by the police," said the judge.
No separate penalty was imposed for having no insurance.
Cullen was given a 39-week sentence and disqualified from driving for 12 months.


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Out with the old, in the with new: Duraid Lahham replaces Salloum Haddad in new drama
Veteran Syrian actor Duraid Lahham has joined the cast of the new TV drama "Abwab Al Rih" (Gates of the Wind) and will be playing the role of "Yousif Al Nahhas" as a replacement of fellow Syrian actor Salloum Haddad, who was previously nominated for the role but turned it down later.
According to Sayidaty.net, Salloum said no to the part because he's already occupied with filming his scenes for the new TV drama "Al Ikhwah" (The Brothers), which is currently being filmed in Abu Dhabi.
"Abwab Al Rih" was written by Syrian author Khaldoun Qatlan and will be directed by Al Muthanna Subuh. The company "Sama Art" will be producing the historical drama which dates back to the 1860s and tackles events that took place at the time between Lebanon and Syria.


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"Lochgoilhead and Kilmorich, par., Argyllshire, 69,695 ac., pop. 870; contains Lochgoilhead, vil., with inn and pier, at head of Loch Goil, 18 miles (by water) NW. of Greenock; P.O., T.O."
Extract from John Bartholomew's Gazetteer of the British Isles, 1887
- Churches in Lochgoilhead and Kilmorich (NN199009):
You can also perform a more selective search for churches in the Lochgoilhead and Kilmorich area that are recorded in the GENUKI church database. This will also help identify other churches in nearby townships and/or parishes. You also have the option to see the location of the churches marked on a map.
Description and TravelYou can see pictures of Lochgoilhead and Kilmorich which are provided by:
- Ask the GENUKI Gazetteer for a calculation of the distance from Lochgoilhead and Kilmorich to another place.
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Year Population
1801 1145 1831 1196 1861 702 1871 766 1881 870 1891 787


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This adorable Paper Airplane Valentine printable from No Biggie has to be one of the cutest card ideas ever. You can download the printable here, fold it into an airplane
then have your child write their name and the name of a classmate on the underside. Add a piece of candy and watch as their little hearts soar.


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by January 7, 2013
While we highlight the most popular posts from a given month in our newsletter, one of my favorite activities is to look back and see what posts were the most popular overall each year. Keeping with tradition, here's a look back across the 20 most popular posts of 2012! Customer Loyalty Month: 25...read more
by June 1, 2010
While I have discussed many opportunities to collect feedback from employees, one of the most crucial times to check in on employee morale and commitment is after a big change, such as a merger or an acquisition. With change comes uncertainty, and it's very important to gauge how workers feel about...read more
by April 2, 2010
A hostile work environment is often an unproductive one. In tough economic times, the top priority among employees is job stability. As cutbacks and layoffs occur and work piles up, however, employees tend to lose the drive and enthusiasm that got them hired in the first place. The 2010 Global...read more
by March 31, 2010
From small businesses to major corporate headquarters, most offices rely on a team of employees to handle administrative duties such as answering phones, making copies, arranging travel schedules and a variety of other daily responsibilities. These are some of the most important members of the...read more
by March 16, 2010
In one of my recent posts, I explored the value of conducting employee training surveys to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of your company's training program. While understanding how well you are preparing your workers for their responsibilities is crucial, checking to make sure they are...read more
by March 1, 2010
In our last post about increasing customer loyalty, we learned about finding your promoters using customer satisfaction surveys. In this post, we will take a more in-depth look at the Net Promoter Scale and what it means for your success. What is the Net Promoter Scale? The Net Promoter Scale uses a...read more
by February 1, 2010
How information is presented can influence how it's received and people interacted with it. That's why we have graphic designers. If designs and layouts didn't matter, we'd simply stick to words on a page.Appearance does matter, even in survey form design and layout. Will people be receptive to...read more
by February 1, 2010
Is productivity less than you hoped? Is your company failing to meet benchmarks? And are you blaming workforce performance? Workforce performance might not be the problem. It might be employee satisfaction – or dissatisfaction – that's causing the poor workforce performance. And if that's the case,...read more
by February 1, 2010
If sitting down to start writing employee surveys means you're staring at a blank screen with no idea where to start, start with some sample employee survey questions. Don't worry, you're not plagiarizing. You're drawing from a useful resource: employee morale survey samples that will help you do a...read more
by February 1, 2010
Once you decide it's time to measure employee morale via a web survey, how do you know which questions to ask? Try looking at sample employee opinion satisfaction surveys. These employee survey samples are tested and proven, and can determine which types of survey questions to ask to get the...read more


text: It's Free Fishing Weekend in both Washington and Oregon. No license is needed to fish or gather shellfish anywhere in Washington and Oregon. In addition, no vehicle access pass or Discover Pass is needed to park at any of the Fish and Wildlife-managed access sites all across the state. The State of Oregon is also allowing free camping at any state park. This includes all tent and RV sites at parks all across the state of Oregon, offered in connection with State Parks Day. While you can fish for free this weekend, you will still need to observe bag limits, size restrictions and season closures, and you'll also be required to fill out catch record cards for salmon, steelhead and halibut that are caught over the weekend. Your local outfitter has more details on the entire weekend.


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Last night on RuPaul's Drag Race, the final four became the top three, with Darienne Lake (neé Greg Meyer) being sent packing in what many saw as a just elimination. Bobby Hankinson over on Towleroad summed up the popular sentiment toward Lake when he wrote, "I just can't get over that acrid personality and those overstuffed jumpsuits."
Underlying what Hankinson and many others have written about Lake is a palpable, if not always articulated, disdain for her size. To be sure, Lake has proven to be one of the shadier queens on this season—particularly when speaking about fellow contestant BenDeLaCreme—but criticisms of her behavior almost always accompany digs at her weight. For example, last week on the AV Club, Oliver Sava described Lake's runway look as "mylar balloon realness." And on Twitter, users regularly attack everything from Lake's diet to her fabric choices.
Lake is not the first fat queen to compete on Drag Race, but she is easily the meanest. Only one other big girl has made it to the top four, and that was fan favorite Latrice Royale, who won her season's Miss Congeniality award. Lake stands to win no such honors, nor should she. She did her job in the challenges—often far better than she got credit for—and in the workroom, she did her best to rattle her fellow contestants. It is, after all, a competition, and she was in it to win.
On a recent episode of her podcast, Drag Race diehard Julie Klausner said, "Darienne Lake represents the way I wish all women of size could be, which is just bitter that society is an asshole about it." Perhaps Klausner is reading too much into Lake's psyche, but at the end of the day, there is no denying that much of Lake's worthiness has been discussed in relation to her weight.
Part of the problem is that Lake appeared as both a man and a woman on Drag Race, and critics held her alter egos to different standards. In drag, she was a skilled comic with a razor wit and unexpected physicality. Much of the media praise for Lake involved her ability to paint a beautiful face. But when Lake transformed into Greg Meyer, a 300-pound middle-aged white guy, that which made him a compelling queen rendered him unappealing as a man (and more to the point, a gay man). Fat people have limited options in society. We allow them to be clowns or saints, and pretty much nothing in between. Lake refused to be put into either box, and I applaud her resistance.
Without devoting too much space to last night's episode, I must say that it depressed me to see Courtney Act make it to the top three instead of Lake. Act, a petite Aussie who bears a striking resemblance to Naomi Watts, is a competent performer—nothing more, nothing less. She sings well enough (though not as well as she or others would have you believe), and her runway looks consistently impress. She's what Sutton Foster is to Broadway or Amy Adams is to film or Katy Perry is to music—she looks and acts the part, but what's so special about her? What is she doing that another pixie in a wig couldn't do?
The pretty, vapid blonde beats the fat girl with a rough-edged personality. It's like high school all over again. It seems that Drag Race is mirroring the mainstream, and, hunty, trust that it is not a cute look.
–Tommy O'Malley


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Items where Research Institute, Centre or Group is "Learning and Information Services"
|Up a level
- University Structure (8163)
- Learning and Information Services (21)
Group by: Creators | Year | Item Type | Full Text | No Grouping
Number of items at this level: 16.
BORG, M. and STRETTON, E. (2009). My students and other animals. Or, a vulture, an orb weaver spider, a giant panda and 900 undergraduate business students…. Journal of information literacy, 3 (1), 1-30.
BULLINGHAM, Liam and VASCONCELOS, Ana (2013). 'The presentation of self in the online world': Goffman and the study of online identities. Journal of Information Science, 39 (1), 101-112.
CHRISTISON, Andrew (2013). Discovery layers and discovery services. Catalogue and Index, 170, 2-12.
DAVIES, Angela and TAYLOR, Deborah (2011). Information literacy skills and the transition to professional practice. Libraries for nursing bulletin, 31 (3/4), 13-22.
DOEL, M., ALLMARK, P. J., CONWAY, P., COWBURN, M., FLYNN, M., NELSON, P. and TOD, A. (2009). Professional boundaries: crossing a line or entering the shadows? British journal of social work, 40 (6), 1866-1889.
DOEL, M., ALLMARK, P. J., CONWAY, P., COWBURN, M., FLYNN, M., NELSON, P. and TOD, A. (2009). Professional boundaries: research report. Project Report. General Social Care Council.
GLASSMEYER, Sarah and SMITH, Peter (2014). Open law : technology in service of the rule of law. Legal Information Management, 14 (3), 181-187.
GLEDHILL, Peter (2012). Measuring the impact of an information literacy session. Student Engagement and Experience Journal, 1 (2).
GRIFFITH, Peter and SMITH, Peter (2013). LawSync: Collaboration in Action. Legal Information Management, 13 (4), 236-239.
HARROP, Deborah and TURPIN, Beatrice (2013). A study exploring learners' informal learning space behaviors, attitudes, and preferences. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 19 (1), 58-77.
LAHLAFI, Alison (2013). A positive library experience for international students? Results from a Business Librarians Association survey. SCONUL Focus, 57, 28-33.
LAHLAFI, Alison (2013). The value and impact of cross professional collaborations in developing student information and academic literacy skills at Sheffield Hallam University, UK. Nordic journal of information literacy in higher education, 5 (1), 38-43.
LAHLAFI, Alison and BULLINGHAM, Liam (2012). "Library shock" - the expectations and realities of library and information literacy skills for international students. Student Engagement and Experience Journal, 1 (3), 1-15.
LAHLAFI, Alison and RUSHTON, Diane (2013). Development, implementation and impact of active and reflective learning initiatives to improve web searching skills of international business students at Sheffield Hallam University, UK. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 885-894.
LAHLAFI, Alison and RUSHTON, Diane (2011). Enhancing graduate skills for a knowledge-based economy: collaborating with information specialists. In: Enhancing graduate impact. Oxford Brookes, HEA.
SMITH, Peter, WHITTLE, Richard and GRIFFITH, Peter (2012). LawSync: navigating the 'blue oceans' within the 'emerging' legal services markets. Legal Information Management, 12 (3), 203-209.


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It happens like clockwork: Another election cycle, another bill aimed at creating a ballot measure using fear of gayness to herd "values voters" into the voting booth and the Republican fold, another scene of panicked Democrats fearing to take a stand for gays because it might drive some socially conservative voters into the arms of the GOP.
But something funny happened to the clockwork this time out, at least in Minnesota — the Democrats are refusing to panic. Instead, led by our new governor, Mark Dayton — who is turning out to possess more calmly-controlled fire in the belly than anyone dreamed possible — they're standing with the GLBT community, and for marriage equality.
And when I say "fight", I mean fight. The local Democrats are going after this not just as yet another GOP-designed distraction from the Republican-controlled legislature's failure to come up with meaningful jobs bills (one of the Republican Party of Minnesota's key issues last fall), but also taking on the "morality" question itself: Instead of allowing the social conservatives to have the morality playing field all to themselves, the Democratic-Farmer-Labor folks are questioning a "morality" that, under the pretext of respecting religious-based versions of morality, sends the government snooping into our bedrooms and legislating against the actions of consenting, loving adults. Or, as state representative Steve Simon puts it in the video segment above, "How many more gay people does God have to create before we ask ourselves whether or not God actually wants them around?"


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Obituaries, March 27, 2014
Ida "Mae" Dodson Bolton
DURHAM — Mrs. Ida "Mae" Dodson Bolton, 96, died Monday evening at Brookshire Nursing Center. Mrs. Bolton was born in Orange County, the daughter of the late Sam Dodson and the late Ida Ann Garrett Dodson.
Mrs. Bolton is survived by sons, Jerry Craig and wife, Jeanine, and Jim Craig and wife, Pam; daughter, Jane Craig Carroll; six grandchildren; seven great-grandchildren and one great-granddaughter expected.
Funeral services will be held Friday 3 p.m. at Mt. Hermon Baptist Church with the Rev. Rich Goodier officiating. Burial will follow in the church cemetery. The family will receive friends Friday from 1:30 to 2:45 p.m. at Mt. Hermon Baptist Church and following the service at the home of Jerry Craig.
The family is being assisted by Clements Funeral Service, Inc., in Durham, N.C. Online condolences may be made at www.clementsfuneralservice.com.
Brenda Ann Davis Joyner
DURHAM — Brenda Ann Davis Joyner, 63, died Tuesday, March 25, 2014 at Duke University Hospital. Born on November 11, 1950, Brenda was the daughter of James Davis and the late Annie Brouner Davis.
In addition to her father she is survived by her brother, Allan Davis and wife, Annie of Richmond, VA; her sisters, Pamela Davis of Dothan, AL, Loretta Smith and husband, Frederick of Dothan, AL, Sandra Holden and husband, Glenn, of Kittrell, NC, Erika Davis of Mableton, GA, and Teresa Davis of Dothan, AL; her grandchildren, Jeffrey Davis, LaShanda Reese, and Hanna Reese; and her great-grandson, Jaiden Davis. Brenda is also survived by many nieces and nephews.
A memorial service will be held 2:00pm Thursday, March 27, 2014 in the Chapel of Hall-Wynne Funeral Service with The Rev. Kenneth Buie officiating.
Arrangements for the Joyner family are under the care of Hall-Wynne Funeral Service. Online condolences: www.hallwynne.com. Select Obituaries.
Ruth Luhman Lewis
DURHAM — Ruth Luhman Lewis, of Durham, died suddenly Monday, March 24, 2014, at The Forest at Duke. She was 78 years old.
Ruth was born February 19, 1936, in Mahnomen, Minnesota. After graduating from Mahnomen High School she received her Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Minnesota, and then served for three years with the American Red Cross, both domestically and internationally. Following this service she returned to the University of Minnesota, earning a master's degree in social work. A longtime resident of Durham, Ruth worked at Durham Technical Community College for a number of years and was an active member of Pilgrim United Church of Christ, where she particularly enjoyed singing in the choir.
She was preceded in death by her parents Paul Luhman and Lorraine MengeLuhman, her husband Charles Lewis, her brother Francis Luhman, and her sister Marjorie Gill.
She is survived by her daughter Elizabeth Atchison of Durham, her sister Betty Smith of Lake City, Minnesota, her brother Don Luhman of Fridley, Minnesota, her sister Carol Richards of Northfield, Minnesota, and numerous nieces and nephews.
A memorial service will be held at 3:00 Friday, April 4, 2014 at Pilgrim United Church of Christ, 3011 Academy Road in Durham with the Reverend Dr. Ginger Brasher-Cunningham officiating.
In lieu of flowers memorial contributions may be made to the American Red Cross or to the charity of one's own choosing.
Kenneth Lovell McCall
DURHAM — Kenneth Lovell McCall, age 85, died Monday night in Duke University Hospital.
Born November 30, 1928 in Apopka, Florida, Mr. McCall was the son of the late Winborn and Mattie Lovell McCall. He graduated from Orlando College and served in the U.S. Air Force during the Korean War. A resident of Durham for 60 years, Mr. McCall was employed with Lucent Technologies for 40 years as an installation engineer.
He was a member of Hope Valley Baptist Church, and the Goodwin Sunday School Class.
Surviving are his wife of 62 years, Mildred Williams McCall; and his niece, Diane Umberger of Dallas, Texas. In addition to his parents, Mr. McCall was preceded in death by his son, William Vann McCall, who died October 20, 2012, and also by two brothers and two sisters.
Funeral services will be held Friday at 1:00 PM at Hope Valley Baptist Church, Rev. Dr. Bill Bigger officiating. Burial will be in Wake Memorial Park. The family will receive friends at the church from 12 to 1 p.m.
Pallbearers will be Terry Griffitts, George Hunt, Herbert Barbee, Jerry Tew, Joel Pendergraft and Gary Gentry.
In lieu of flowers, memorials may be made to the Capital Campaign Fund at Hope Valley Baptist Church, 6900 Garrett Road, Durham, North Carolina 27707.
Howerton & Bryan Funeral Home is assisting the McCall family. Online condolences may be submitted to www.howertonbryan.com. Select Obituaries.
Shirley Harward McLean
DURHAM — Mrs. Shirley Harward McLean, 75, died Friday morning at her home surrounded by her family.
Mrs. McLean was born and raised in Durham County. She graduated from Durham High School in 1956, and attended Durham Business College. For 42 years, she was employed by Duke University as an Administrative Assistant, retiring in 2000. An avid Duke fan, she and her late husband Charles shared the same seats in Cameron since 1957, rarely missing a game. She was a lifelong member of Temple Baptist Church, actively involved with the church choir, bells, and the nursery.
Mrs. McLean is survived by her sons, Charles A. McLean, Jr., his wife Jennifer, and their children, Madison, Sydney, and Cooper; Richard Todd McLean, his wife Janet, and their children DeShaun and Byron, all of Durham; sister, Patricia Crutchfield of Pittsboro, and several nieces and nephews.
A funeral service will be held on Friday, March 28, at 2:00 pm at Temple Baptist Church. Officiating will be Rev. Mark Mofield. Burial will follow in Maplewood Cemetery.
The family will receive visitors Thursday evening from 4-7pm at Howerton & Bryan Funeral Home, and at other times at the home of Charles and Jennifer McLean. Flowers are acceptable, or memorials may be directed to Temple Baptist Church, 4504 Sterling Drive, Durham, NC 27712.
The McLean family is under the care of Howerton & Bryan Funeral Home. Online condolences may be submitted at www.howertonbryan.com. Select Obituaries.
Willis Ramsey
DURHAM - Willis Ramsey, 58, departed his life on March 25, 2014.
He leaves behind his dear wife, Brenda Ramsey, three daughters, two sons, six grandchildren, one sister and his father.
Services will be at Holloway Memorial Funeral Home on Saturday, March 29, 2014 from 11:00 am to 12 noon with visitation at 10:00 am.
Sandra Faye Oakley Sarvis
HENDERSON — Mrs. Sandra Faye Oakley Sarvis, 72, of 103 Bobcat Lane, died on Tuesday, March 25, 2014.
Mrs. Sarvis was born in Durham to the late Jesse Lewis Oakley and Helen Mozelle Glasgow Oakley. She attended the Harold Sherman Adult Day Care in Granville County. She was preceded in death by Oscar Elliott Sarvis.
She is survived by four sons, Charles "Breeze" Fowler of Henderson, Michael C. Fowler of Chapel Hill, Brian Glasgow of West Virginia, and Donald Earl Sarvis of Henderson; two daughters, Sarita Lestyan of Henderson, Sheila Olds of Henderson; stepson, Roy Sarvis of Bahama; step-daughters, Barbara Leos and Janice Moore, both of Durham; two sisters, Donna Evans of Carrboro and Linda Sarvis of Bahama; 13 grandchildren, 17 great-grandchildren; 10 step-grandchildren and 13 step-great-grandchildren.
Funeral services will be held on Friday at 2 p.m. at Hudson Funeral Chapel. Pastor Frank Sossamon will officiate. Active pallbearers will be Bradley Olds, Chard Olds, Kevin Davis, Daniel Sarvis, Justin Sarvis, Joseph Sarvis and Michael Fowler.
The family will receive friends this evening from 6 to 8 p.m. at Hudson Funeral Home. Online condolences may be made at www.hudsonfuneralhome.com.
Haywood Lawrence Thompson
WASHINGTON, D.C. — Haywood Lawrence "Joe Louis" Thompson of Washington, DC, passed on March 20, 2014.
Loving father of Linwood Little, Michael Thompson, Diane Wilks, G. Lauren Thompson-Russ and Brian Thompson; one brother, Paul Thompson; five grandchildren; eight great-grandchildren; one great-great-grandchild and a host of other relatives and friends.
Funeral services will be Saturday, 2:00 pm at St. Lewis Missionary Baptist Church in Jacksonville, NC.
Interment at Thompson Family Cemetery in Jacksonville, NC.
Arrangements entrusted to Holloway Memorial Funeral Home.


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IPO market quieter this year
Singapore's initial public offering (IPO) market this year has so far been modest in scale, but investors in these new listings have good reason to smile.
Only five firms have listed to date this year, raising a fairly underwhelming $414 million between them – a far cry from the eight IPOs worth about $8 billion at the same point last year.
But the good news is that all five companies are still trading above water. At Wednesday's market close, the five listings were between 10 per cent and 60 per cent above their IPO price.
'IPOs are usually very sentiment- driven. For those that listed last month, they chose the right time to list,' said remisier Desmond Leong.
Category: Singapore


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|Benjamin Darrell Johnson
|Friday, 24 January 2014 09:12
Benjamin Darrell Johnson, age 68 of Scottsville, passed away Wednesday, January 22, 2014 at his residence. He was born August 19, 1945 to the late Benjamin Nimow Johnson and the late Elzada Ozella Toye Johnson in Ingram, Arkansas.
Darrell was a member of Park City Baptist Church, Past Master of McLure Lodge #539 F&AM , American Legion and UAW # 2164. He served in Vietnam and was a Naval Reserve veteran. He retired from the GM Corvette plant and was a bus driver and substitute teacher for the Allen County School System.
Darrell is survived by his wife Melinda Marie Francis Johnson of Scottsville, KY; one son, Benjamin Darrell Johnson II (June) of Portland, TN; two daughters, Klara Dawn Mann of Bowling Green, KY and Melissa Lynn Greenfield (Tony) of Scottsville, KY; four stepsons, Donald James Francis (Jenny) of Park City, KY, Ronald Wayne Francis (Pam) of Alvaton, KY, David Allen Francis of Park City, KY and Larry Dean Francis (Connie) of Cave City, KY; two stepdaughters, Peggy Lynn Gallitan (John) of Princeton, KY and Debbie Titsworth of Park City, KY; one sister, Kathy Cooper of Smiths Grove, KY; five grandchildren; twelve step grandchildren; eighteen step great grandchildren . He was also preceded in death by one stepson, Herbert Lee Francis and one brother, James Gary Johnson.
Funeral service will be officiated by Bro. Robbie Perkins with graveside military rites at Bon Ayr Cemetery.Masonic service will be 7:00 pm, Saturday, January 25, 2014 at the Patton Funeral Home Park City Chapel.
• Friday, January 24, 2014 from 5:00 PM to 8:00 PM
Park City Chapel
• Saturday, January 25, 2014 from 11:00 AM to 8:00 PM
Park City Chapel
• Sunday, January 26, 2014 from 11:00 AM to 2:00 PM
Park City Chapel
• Sunday, January 26, 2014 at 2:00 PM
Park City Chapel


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Search Results for: omnichannel
February 11, 2015
4 Shipping Predictions Ecommerce Businesses Need to Watch in 2015
Small and mid-sized ecommerce businesses are facing unprecedented competition from retail giants with a strong online presence. In 2015, business owners will need to take a closer look at their technologies and tactics in order to compete.
One thing that will …More...
In Blog, Omnichannel
February 9, 2015
Mobile Still Tops Retailers' Priority Lists in 2015
As more consumers take to smartphones and tablets to shop with their favorite retail brands, retailers agree that keeping mobile at the top of their marketing priority lists is a smart move. According to the 2015 Shop.org/Forrester Research Inc. …More...
April 29, 2014
A Ship-From-Store Solution Bridges Omnichannel Gaps
Last week, eBay Enterprise announced a new offering for clients using its ship-from-store solution. The goal of eBay Enterprise's Ship-From-Store Freight is to reduce the shipping cost for retailers and brands and enable them to transfer these savings onto their …More...
In Omnichannel, Videos
February 8, 2015
Will 2015 Be the Year of Retail Chapter 11s?
It was as inevitable as the sun rising, but RadioShack finally filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on February 5.
The electronics and gadgets retailer has been struggling for more than a few years now, and there's a stalking horse plan in …More...
February 4, 2015
Macy's, Inc. Agrees to Acquire Bluemercury
Macy's, Inc. has announced it has signed an agreement to acquire Bluemercury, Inc., a luxury beauty products and spa services retailer, for $210 million in cash.
Bluemercury, based in Washington, D.C., currently operates about 60 specialty stores in 18 states, typically …More...
April 22, 2014
Omnichannel Shopping Activity is Virtually Everywhere
Consumers Want it All: Omni-Channel Shopping Activity is Virtually Everywhere, Reports CFI Group and eBay Enterprise™ (via PR Newswire)
The Omni-Channel Retail Customer Experience study shows customers want their products when, where and how they want it. ANN ARBOR, Mich., …
April 19, 2014
Mobile is the Anchor of Omnichannel Retailing
The new paradigm of omnichannel retailing has pushed businesses in all retail sectors toward a completely new way of conducting business. Customers and brands now interact anytime and everywhere: mobile browsers, mobile apps, social media networks, PCs, tablets, smartphones, email, …More...
In Mobile, Must Reads
April 19, 2014
Gap Inc. Discusses Omnichannel and Global Strategies
During its annual investor meeting, Gap Inc. highlighted its use of technology, innovation and scale as competitive advantages as it makes progress toward bridging the growing digital world with its physical stores to create omnichannel shopping experiences for its customers.
In Global, Must Reads
January 29, 2015
Ready for Cross-border Ecommerce? A Checklist for Glocalization
Location, location, location – that's the mantra of realtors everywhere to convey the number one factor in determining a property's desirability. For cross-border online sales destinations, its glocalize, glocalize, glocalize. When it comes to international e-tailing, glocalization is …More...
January 27, 2015
GameStop Brings Mobile Shopping Cart to Brick and Mortar
GameStop announced at the National Retail Federation's 104th Annual Convention & Expo that its plans to use Microsoft Azure cloud platform to continue to enhance the in-store engagement of its customers in interactive, informative and entertaining ways.
GameStop will be …More...


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The Physicians Communication website is a tool to help increase and improve communication between our medical staff and the health system. By clicking on this link you will be taken to the site where registered users can login.
Thank you for your interest in Graduate Medical Education at PinnacleHealth.
The PinnacleHealth Continuing Medical Education Department has been accredited since 1984 through the Pennsylvania Medical Society to sponsor continuing medical education programs for physicians.
Physician & Practitioner Services is committed to making PinnacleHealth System the hospital and healthcare system of choice for physicians by nurturing collaborative relationships with our medical staff.
PinnacleHealth and its dedicated nursing staff are proud to be named as one of only 21 Magnet hospitals in Pennsylvania – and approximately 6% nationwide.
We invite you to learn more about how you can build your nursing career with us. From pediatrics to geriatrics, inpatient to outpatient and all disciplines in between, you have the opportunity to reach your fullest potential.
Find more information about National Provider Identifier (NPI) Numbers here.
This website is intended for the use of active PinnacleHealth System employees only. Access to the linked systems is for authorized individuals only. All access is monitored and logged.
Our physician marketing coordinators serve as your liaison to provide two-way communication between PinnacleHealth and referring physicians and their office staffs.


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A pressure-sensitive switch which finds useful application with electro-surgical instruments includes a first electric conductor leaf having spaced axially aligned electric insulating sleeves of a heat-shrinkable material defining an actuation gap therebetween. The insulating sleeves maintain a predetermined spacing between the first conductor leaf and a second electric conductor leaf which is disposed in adjacent parallel relation to the first conductor leaf. Electrical leads are attached to each conductor leaf and the entire switch is encased within a flexible heat-shrinkable material that forms a seal around the switch and allows pressure to be applied against one of the conductor leaves in the actuating gap between the insulating sleeves to move the leaves into electrical engagement. The switch is specifically adaptable for use with electro-surgical forceps wherein the switch can be mounted either for automatic or selected manual operation and for use with electro-surgical pencils wherein a modification of the switch includes double actuating gaps whereby selected electrical currents can be supplied to an electrode probe received in the pencil to permit cutting and coagulation with the same electro-surgical instrument.
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent 1191 J arrard SWITCHING DEVICE FOR [73] Assignee: Neomed Incorporated, Boulder,
[22] Filed: Dec. 15, 1972 [21] Appl. No.1 315,678
[52] US. Cl. 200/157; 200/168 G; 128/303.14;
128/303.l7 [51] Int. Cl. H01H 13/08; A6lB 17/36; A61N l/28 [58] Field of Search l28/303.14, 303.17; 200/86 R, 157, 168 G [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,911,444 5/1933 Fator 200/157 2,012,937 9/1935 Beouy l28/303.l4 X 3,100,489 8/1963 Bagley 128/303.17 3,209,089 9/1965 Weissburg... 200/168 G X 3,461,874 8/1969 Martinez l28/303.l7 3,648,001 3/1972 Anderson...v 128/303.l4 X 3,720,896 3/1973 Beierleinm. [ZS/303.14 X 3,732,384 5/1973 Fischcl 200/86 R 3,746,814 7/1973 Lackey et al. l28/303.14 X
FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 535,440 11/1955 ltaly 200/86 R I V "IIIII'II!"I'll'llull'lllln'lfl Primary ExaminerChanning L. Pace Attorney, Agent, or Firm.lohn E. Reilly; Earl C. Hancock [5 7 ABSTRACT A pressure-sensitive switch which finds useful application with electro-surgical instruments includes a first electric conductor leaf having spaced axially aligned electric insulating sleeves of a heat'shrinkable material defining an actuation gap therebetween. The insulating sleeves maintain a predetermined spacing between the first conductor leaf and a second electric conductor leaf which is disposed in adjacent parallel relation to the first conductor leaf. Electrical leads are attached to each conductor leaf and the entire switch is encased within a flexible heat-shrinkable material that forms a seal around the switch and allows pressure to be applied against one of the conductor leaves in the actuating gap between the insulating sleeves to move the leaves into electrical engagement. The switch is specifically adaptable for use with electro-surgical forceps wherein the switch can be mounted either for automatic or selected manual operation and for use with electro-surgical pencils wherein a modification of the switch includes double actuating gaps whereby selected electrical currents can be supplied to an electrode probe received in the pencil to permit cutting and coagulation with the same electro-surgical instrument.
4 Claims, 9 Drawing Figures III! I US. Patent 0a. 7,1975 Sheet 2 of 2 3,911,241
I I II II Fig.
Fig- 8 SWITCHING DEVICE FOR ELECTRO-SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS The present invention relates generally to pressuresensitive switches and more particularly to a pressuresensitive switch adapted for use with electro-surgical instruments.
Numerous pressure-sensitive switches having flexible outer rubber casings have been contrived for operating electrical devices. Examples of such switches are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 1,91 1,444 issued to C. D. Fator; U.S. Pat. No. 1,296,088 issued to B. J. Jones; US. Pat. No. 3,541,488 issued to C. S. Odson; and US. Pat. No. 2,138,549 issued to O. .l. LaBell. The switches disclosed in the aforementioned patents were developed for various uses and assume numerous designs dependent upon the use for which they were intended. In general, however, it has been found that switches now commercially available vary drastically in complexity and sensitivity depending upon their intended use.
More recently, pressure-sensitive switches have been incorporated into electro-surgical instruments to avoid disadvantages which were previously inherent in electro-surgical systems wherein switches for operation of the electro-surgical instruments were operated by a foot pedal beneath the operation table. According to previous procedures, it was necessary for the surgeon to contact the tissue to be cauterized or cut and then actuate a foot pedal switch. Not only was this distracting to the surgeon but increased the danger of accidently cauterizing or cutting adjacent tissue.
Several hand-operated electro-surgical instruments have been developed having an electrical switch built into the instrument so as to alleviate the problems which accompanied the previously described footoperated switch. Examples of these instruments can be found in US. Pat. No. 2,894,512 issued to R. Tapper and US. Pat. No. 3,494, 363 issued to R. Jackson. It will be readily apparent that the electro-surgical instruments disclosed in these patents are an improvement over the foot-operated electro-surgical systems previously employed; however, as will be appreciated from the description of the present invention hereinafter, the prior art electro-surgical instruments are not entirely satisfactory for several reasons.
The pressure-sensitive switch of the present invention is a simple and highly reliable device which is longlasting and dependable in operation. The simplicity and highly reliable nature of the switch makes it especially suitable for use with electro-surgical instruments in selectively controlling electrical energy supplied to the instruments. In its preferred form, the switch of the present invention includes a first electrically'conductive element having spaced and axially aligned electric insulating sleeves defining an actuation gap therebetween and a second electrically conductive element spaced from the first conductive element. A heatshrinkable casing surrounds both conducting elements and the insulating sleeves to enclose the switch and form an outer protective seal so that pressure applied through the rubber casing in the vicinity of the actuation gap will cause the conductive elements to move into electrical engagement to close the switch.
The switch of the present invention is principally intended for use in combination with hand-operated electro-surgical instruments, such as, electro-surgical forceps or electro-surgical pencils, whereby the surgeon need merely apply fingertip pressure to the switch for operation of the instrument. An important feature of the switch is that it can be easily incorporated onto existing electro-surgical instruments for operation thereof in obtaining the desired electrical potential on the operating tips of the instrument. The simplicity and compactness of the switch make it readily adaptable for attachment to electro-surgical instruments merely by positioning the conductive elements adjacent the body of the electro-surgical instrument and applying the heatshrinkable flexible rubber casing around the switching elements and the associated body portion of the instrument so that the switch is positively secured to the instrument. It will be readily appreciated from the detailed description hereinafter set forth that in the case of electro-surgical forceps wherein spaced arms are mounted for pivotal movement toward and away from each other to grasp skin tissue, the switch can be mounted between the arms of the forceps whereby when the arms are moved toward each other a pushbutton actuator on one arm will move into the actuation gap of the switch to close the switch when increased pressure is applied in pinching the skin tissue between the arms of the instrument. Alternatively, the switch can be similarly affixed to the outer surface of one of the forceps arms so that the switch can be closed by finger pressure of the surgeon when desired.
A modified form of switch has been devised for electro-surgical pencils which are used both for cutting and coagulation purposes, depending upon the form of the electricity transmitted to an electrode probe on the pencil. In the modified form, spaced axially aligned elctrically conductive actuating elements having spaced electric insulating sleeves therearound define two actuation gaps so that either actuating element can be moved into engagement with a common electrically conductive contact element lying contiguous to the insulating sleeves. The switching elements are encased in a flexible rubber heat-shrinkable material so that pressure applied in either one of the actuation gaps will effect transmittal of a preselected frequency of electrical energy from an electrical source to the electrode probe.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a pressure-sensitive switch having spaced electrically conductive elements, one of which includes axially aligned and spaced electric insulating sleeves defining an actuation gap whereby pressure applied to one of the conductive elements will move the elements into electrical engagement in the actuation gap.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a pressure-sensitive switch having spaced electrically conductive elements disposed for movement into and out of engagement with each other and having a heat-shrinkable flexible covering to establish an environmental seal about the conductive elements.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a pressure-sensitive switch adapted for ready attachment to electro-surgical instruments to facilitate easy operation of the instruments.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an electro-surgical instrument having a simplified pressure-sensitive switch attached thereto either for automatic or selected manual operation by a surgeon.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a pressure-sensitive switch for use with electrosurgical instruments having an electrically conductive actuation element covered by spaced insulating sleeves and a contact element adjacent the insulating sleeves whereby the actuation and contact elements can be moved into engagement to cause electrical energy to be transmitted to the operating end of the electro-surgical instrument.
Other objects, advantages and capabilities of the present invention will become more apparent the description proceeds taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section taken through one embodiment of the pressure-sensitive switch of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a transverse section taken along line 22 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section taken through electro surgical forceps incorporating the switch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section of the forceps shown in FIG. 3 with an alternative arrangement of the switch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section taken through a second embodiment of the switch of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an electro-surgical pencil incorporating an alternative arrangement of the switch of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal vertical section taken through the pencil of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic longitudinal horizontal section of the pencil of FIG. 6 showing the electrical wiring connections; and
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal section view of another alternate embodiment for an electro-surgical pencil.
Referring to the drawings, there is shown in FIG. 1 a preferred embodiment of a pressure-sensitive switch 10 of the present invention which broadly includes a switch actuation element or electric conductor leaf 12, a switch contact element or second electric conductor leaf 14, axially spaced electric insulating sleeves 16 surrounding the actuation element 12, and a casing 18 surrounding the switching elements and the insulating sleeves.
In the preferred form, the electric actuation element 12 and the electric contact element 14 are flatened elongated resilient strips of an electrically conductive material such as beryllium copper or a similar metal with good corrosion resistance, excellent electrical conductivity, and high fatigue strength. At corresponding ends of the actuation and contact elements, electrical lead wires 20 and 22 are secured at 24 and 26, respectively, to connect the elements 12 and 14 to an electrical supply, not shown. The insulating sleeves 16 around the actuation element 12 are axially or longitudinally spaced to define an actuation gap 28 therebetween. preferably, the insulating sleeves are composed of a heat-shrinkable material such as a material sold under the trademark Kynar by Raychem Corporation of Menlo Park, Calif. The heat-shrinkable material preferably used is characterized by having a heat shrink capability of 50 percent at temperatures above 175C, is an extremely tough, semi-rigid material having high strength with outstanding resistance to abrasion and cut-through and will withstand steam autoclaving (275F steam under pressure). Moreover, the material does not split when shrunk over sharp or irregularly shaped objects and remains flexible in its shrunken condition. Accordingly, the material provides an effective seal around metallic materials to resist chemical or solvent attacks and is sufficiently resilient to allow pressure to be applied through the material to actuate the switch in a manner to be set forth hereinafter. The casing 18 which embraces the actuating element 12, the insulating sleeves l6, and contact element 14 so as to hold the contact element 14 in spaced parallel relationship to the actuation element, is also preferably of a heat-shrinkable material such as Kynar" to provide a corrosion resistant seal around the switching elements and also forms a durable, long-lasting cover for the switch. As mentioned before, the heat-shrinkable'material retains its resiliency after shrinking so that pressure applied through the covering or casing 18 in the vicinity of the actuation gap 28 will cause the flexible closure elements 12 and 14 to move into engagement with each other thereby closing the switch. Release of the pressure, however, will allow the switch to automatically open due to the resiliency of the elements 12 and 14 of the heat-shrinkable material forming the sleeves 16. As will be appreciated, the lead wires 20 and 22 pass through one end of the heat-shrinkable casing or covering 18 and are sealed by the covering as it shrinks; and, to assure that the seal is completely water or moisture-proof, silicone rubber adhesive or similar sealant may be used to seal the end of the covering around the lead wires.
Referring now to FIG. 3, the hereinbefore described pressure-sensitive switch 10 is shown incorporated porated onto electro-surgical forceps 30 to control transmission of electric current from an electrosurgical source, not shown, to the tips 32 and 34 of the forceps. An electro-surgical source, or control unit which would be suitable for use with the forceps 30 is described in US. Pat. No. 3,100,489 issued to R. W. Bagley.
For clarity in describing the forceps 30, like parts of the pressure sensitive switch previously described have been given like reference numerals with a prime suffix. The electro-surgical forceps 30, with the exception of the pressure-sensitive switch 10, are conventional and have spaced arcuate arms 36 and 38 of a conductive material connected by wires 40 and 42 respectively to the electro-surgical source. The arms 36 and 38 are commonly joined at one end by an electric insulated connector 44 with the conductive operative tips 32 and 34 at their opposite ends disposed to be moved together for gripping engagement with skin tissue. The forcep arms 36 and 38 may include insulating coverings 46 which cover the entire arms except for the operative tips 32 and 34. The pressure-sensitive switch 10 may be incorporated onto the forceps 30 in one of several ways to best suit the desires of the surgeon. One application of the switch 10' to the forceps is shown in FIG. 3 with the switch 10 connected on an inner surface of the forcep arm 36 and with the covering 18' for the switch passing not only around the switching elements 12 and 14' but also around the associated arm 36 of the forceps so that the switch is securely and immovably attached to the arm. Preferably the switch 10' is disposed so that the contact element 14 lies closer to the arm 36 than the actuation element 12. In this manner, a switch operating protrusion 48 secured to the op posite forcep arm 38 as with a heat-shrinkable sheathing 50 will be disposed to apply pressure in the actuation gap 28 between the insulating sleeves 16 on the actuation element when the tips 32 and 34 of the forceps are moved into engagement. The size of the protrusion 48 is preferably such that the switch will not be closed unless a slight additional force is applied to the forcep arms after the tips have been moved together. The lead wires and 22 from the conductive elements of the switch are connected to the electrosurgical supply. Alternately, one of the lead wires may be electrically connected directly to one of the opera tive tips of the forceps.
Another application of the pressure-sensitive switch is illustrated in FIG. 4 with like parts of the switch and the forceps given like reference numerals with a double prime suffix. The switch 10" is shown incorporated onto a pair of electro-surgical forceps 60. Basically, the switch 10 is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 with the addition of a pushbutton actuator 62 adjacent to the actuation gap 28"The pushbutton actuator 62 may comprise a cylindrical pushbutton guide 64 that is disposed to rest on the insulating sleeves 16" in alignment with the actuating gap. The heat-shrinkable material covering 18" passes ov er the pushbutton actuator to positively position the actuator relative to the arm 36 of the forceps. A pushbutton 66 having a cylindrical body portion conforming in external size and shape with the internal dimensions of the guide 64, is disposed for sliding movement within the guide so that a reduced diameter foot portion 68 of the pushbutton can move the actuation element 12 into engagement with the contact element 14" when pressure is applied to the pushbutton. Pressure is applied through the heatshrinkable covering 18" against the pushbutton 66 to cause it to slide inwardly within the guide. It will be seen with this arrangement of the pressure-sensitive switch, that the switch 10' is mounted on the outer sur face of the forcep arm 36" so that the pushbutton is conveniently disposed for actuation by the fingers or thumb of the surgeon. As in the case of the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, the heat-shrinkable covering 18" passes around the switch elements as well as the associated arm 36 of the forceps to positively secure the switch and pushbutton actuator to the forceps.
A double switch embodiment 70 of the pressuresensitive switch of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5; The double switch embodiment is seen to include first and second switch components 72 and 74 defined by first and second longitudinally aligned electric actuating elements 76 and 78 each having an electric insulating sleeve 80 and 82 respectively of a heatshrinkable material around its outermost end and a common insulating sleeve 84 of a heat-shrinkable material around the innermost end of each actuating element to maintain the innermost ends in spaced noncontacting relationship. The three insulating sleeves 80, 82 and 84 define first and second actuating gaps 86 and 88 therebetween, similar to actuation gap 28 of the switch shown in FIG. 1. A common element 90 preferably made of the same conductive material as elements 76 and 78, e.g., a beryllium copper strip, or a similar material with good corrosion resistance, excellent electrical conductivity and high fatigue strength, is disposed in parallel spaced relationship with the actuation elements 76 and 78 against the external surface of the insulating sleeves. The actuation elements and the Contact element are preferably flat elongated flexible strips which are resilient to resume their normal straight disposition shown in the drawings and each element as well as the insulating sleeves are encompassed with a covering 92 of a heat shrinkable material so that either switch component can be operated by appropriate pressure applied in one of the gaps 86 or 88. The actuation elements 76 and 78 have lead wires 94 and 96 respectively connected thereto and the common contact element has a lead wire 98 connected thereto which extends outwardly through the ends of the covering 92 for connection with the electrical circuit in which it is to be operative.
One application of the double switch embodiment 70 is shown in FIGS. 6 through 8 with like parts given like reference numerals with a prime suffix. In this application, the double switch 70' is incorporated into an electro-surgical pencil 100 which is used for both cutting and cauterizing functions.
The electro-surgical pencil 100 basically includes an elongated body 102 of a moldable plastic or other material which preferably will withstand temperatures up to 300F. The body 102 is provided with suitable cavities and passages for the reception of the double switch 70 and electrical lead wires to be described hereinafter. At the forward end of the body 102 of the pencil 100, an elongated axial recess 104 is provided for the reception of a conventional chuck 106 for releasably retaining a conventional electrode probe 108. The electrode probe 108 is designed to cut or cauterize skin tissue depending upon the frequency of the electrical current transmitted to the probe from a conventional electro-surgical generator or control unit which is not shown but which could be of the type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,100,489 with slight modification. The recess 104 is connected to a centrally located radially opening switch cavity 110 in the body of the pencil by a first passage 112 for electrical lead wires, as will be explained in more detail later, and the switch cavity 110 is connected by a second electrical lead wire passage 1 14 through the opposite end of the body of the pencil from which the electrical lead wires pass out of the pencil to the electrosurgical generator for supplying the curre" needed for the cutting or cauterizing proce dures. The electro-surgical pencil 100 is shown with pushbutton actuators 116 of the type previously described in connection with the forceps of FIG. 4, wherein generally cylindrical pushbutton inserts 118 are disposed for sliding movement in outer concentric guides 120. However, the pushbutton actuators 1 16 are not necessary inasmuch as a double switch arrangement, as shown in FIG. 5, could be used wherein direct pressure is applied against the actuation elements 76 and 78 by the fingers or thumb of the surgeon. A heatshrinkable covering 122 passes around the body 102 of the pencil fully enclosing the pushbutton actuators 116 so as to be sealed within the covering. In this way, either first or second switch component 72' or 74 of the pencil can be closed by the application of pressure through the heat-shrinkable covering against the associated push-button. Electrical lead wires from the electro-surgical generator pass through the lead wire passage 1 14 into the switch cavity 110 where first and second switch lead wires 94 and 96' are connected to the outermost ends of the actuation elements 76 and 78 respectively, and an active lead wire 124 is connected to the electrode chuck 106. A common lead wire 98 also from the electro-surgical generator is connected to the contact element 90 to complete the wiring of the pencil. The electro-surgical generator supplies a preselected radio frequency current to the electrode probe 108 dependent upon which switch component 72' or 74 of the pencil is closed. In other words, the first switch component 72' could be connected to the electro-surgical generator so that when it is closed a circuit with a predetermined electrical frequency would be completed through the electrode probe but when the second switch component 74 is closed, a circuit with a different frequency would be completed through the probe, one frequency being suitable for cutting skin tissue and the second frequency being suitable for cauterizing the skin.
In actual operation, the patient who is to be operated on with the pencil is grounded so that when the electrode-probe 108 is moved into engagement with the skin tissue of the patient, and one of the push-button actuators 118 is depressed to place a positive potential on the probe, a current will be completed through the body of the patient to effect the desired reaction with the patients tissue. The same procedure of grounding the patient is followed when using the forceps 30.
A second embodiment of an electro-surgical pencil 130 is shown in FIG. 9 including a body portion 132 having an internal cavity 134 for the reception of a double switch 136, such as of the type shown in FIG. 5, an elongated axial recess 137 at the forward end of the body portion for the reception of a conventional chuck 138 for releasable retention of a conventional electro probe 140, and an offset rear passage 139 through which the electrical lead wires 143 are admitted into the body and prevented from being pulled out of the offset 145. The body portion 132 is notched at 141 in its forward most end so as to receive a collar 142 on the electro-probc which serves to positively position the probe relative to the body portion. As with the electro-surgical pencil 100, shown in FIGS. 6 through 8, the body portion 132 of the pencil is preferably made of a mold-able plastic material capable of withstanding temperatures up to 300F. The body portion serves as a housing for the double switch 136 as well as the chuck 138 and electrical lead wires, generally designated 143, connecting the double switch to the chuck and to an electro-surgical supply which is not shown. Spaced openings 144 open through one flat side 146 of the body portion of the pencil into the internal cavity 134 in which the double switch 136 is disposed. The openings 144 are aligned with the actuation elements of the switch whereby pushbutton actuators 148 slidably retained in the openings by collars 150 will be operative upon fingertip pressure to effect selective engagement of the actuation elements with the contact element of the switch. To more positively guide the sliding movement of the pushbutton actuators 148, raised sleeves 152 are integrated with the body portion of the pencil in axial alignment with the openings 144 so that the pushbutton actuators are free to slide axially within the sleeves.
It will be appreciated that with this embodiment of the electro-surgical pencil an outer covering of a heatshrinkable material is not needed since the cavity in which the double switch is retained is enclosed by the surrounding body portion and the pushbutton actuators 148 are positively guided for selective operation of the double switch.
It will, therefore, be seen that the pressure-sensitive switch of the present invention in its various embodiments is a very simple, reliable, well protected and long lasting switch which is well suited for use with electrosurgical instruments where reliability and simplicity of operation are most often critical. Also, the design of the switch gives the capability of being positively incorporated onto existing instruments or being made a part thereof during manufacture so that the switch is very attractive from a commercial standpoint.
Although the present invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made by way of example and that changes in details of structure may be made without departing from the spirit thereof.
What is claimed is:
1. A hand-actuated device for controlling the transmission of electrical current between an electrosurgical generator and a surgical electrode comprising in combination a body portion with a conductive socket for releasable retention of a surgical electrode, said body portion including means for mounting a dual switch assembly for effecting selected transmission of electrical current from an electro-surgical generator to the conductive socket, said dual switch comprising first and second electrically conductive actuating elements, spaced electric insulating sleeves around each of said actuating elements, actuating gaps between said insulating sleeves in which the actuating elements are exposed, an electrically conductive contact element adjacent to said insulating sleeves and slightly spaced from said actuating elements, said actuating elements movable to become temporarily engaged with said contact element in said actuation gaps, electrical leads connecting each of said actuation elements, said contact element, and said socket to an electro-surgical generator, pushbutton means including a pair of generally tubular guides in alignment with said actuating gaps and pushbuttons in said guides disposed for sliding movement therein to cause the aligned actuating element to move into engagement with said contact element, and a flexible covering around the body portion of the device including means covering said pushbutton means whereby pressure applied through said covering means against said pushbutton means will force said pushbutton means against the aligned actuating element causing it to move into contact with said contact element.
2. The hand-actuated device of claim 1 wherein said covering comprises a heat-shrinkable sleeve and said insulating sleeves are made of a heat-shrinkable material.
3. The hand-actuated device of claim 1 wherein said body portion comprises an elongated non-conductive housing, an interior cavity within said housing adapted to retain said dual switch, a pair of openings in said housing aligned with said first and second actuating elements and extending between an exterior surface of the housing and said interior cavity, and said pushbutton means being slidably retained in the guides within said openings to selectively effect engagement of said actuating elements with said contact element.
4. A hand-actuated device for controlling the transmission of electrical current between an electrosurgical generator and a surgical electrode comprising in combination a hardened insulating body having a recessed socket portion, a recessed switch mounting portion for the mounting of a dual switch means, and electrical lead wire retaining passages for electrical lead wires, an electrically conductive chuck in said recessed socket portion including means for releasably retaining a surgical electrode, dual switch means in said switch mounting portion, said dual switch means comprising first and second elongated flexible flat actuating strips of electrically conductive material, said actuating strips being longitudinally aligned, a first spacer sleeve of an electric insulating heat-shrinkable material covering adjacent ends of the actuating strips and retaining them in spaced relationship to one another, second and third electric insulating heat-shrinkable sleeves covering the opposite ends of said actuating strips, actuatioin gaps between said first insulating and said second and third insulating sleeves wherein the actuating strips are exposed, an elongated contact strip of an electrically con ductive material adjacent said first, second and third insulating sleeves and extending parallel to and spaced from said actuating strips, a pair of pushbutton guides aligned with said actuation gaps on the opposite side of said actuating strips from said contact strip, said pushbutton being slidably received in said guides in a position to move the actuating strips into operative engagement with said contact strip when pressure is applied to said pushbuttons, electrical leads in said retaining passages, said electrical leads being individually connected to said actuating strips, said contact strip, and said chuck and passing out of the body for operative connection to an electro-surgical generator whereby engagement of either of said actuating strips with said contact strip will cause a preselected potential to be placed on said chuck, and a flexible heat-shrinkable covering around said body forming a seal around said actuating and contact strips whereby pressure applied through the flexible opening and against the pushbuttons will cause the pushbuttons to move the aligned actuating strip into engagement with the contact strip.
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Bay Of Naples Family Camping
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GPS Coords: 43.9681, -70.5988
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