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Compared to...
Studio scene comparison (RAW)
In order to achieve as near to a level playing field for comparison as possible, we also shot our studio scene in RAW mode with each camera and converted it using Adobe Camera RAW (in this case ACR 5.6). Because Adobe Camera RAW applies different levels of sharpening to different cameras (this confirmed) we use the following workflow for these conversions:
- Load RAW file into Adobe Camera RAW (Auto mode disabled)
- Set Sharpness to 0 (all other settings default)
- Open file to Photoshop
- Apply a Unsharp mask: 80%, Radius 1.0, Threshold 0
- Save as a TIFF (for cropping) and as a JPEG quality 11 for download
This is our standard studio scene comparison shot taken from exactly the same tripod position. Lighting: daylight simulation, >98% CRI. Crops are 100%. Ambient temperature was approximately 22°C (~72°F). Camera settings as per previous pages.
Nikon D3S vs. Nikon D3
Nikon D3S
Nikon D3
4.1MB JPEG (4256 x 2832)
4.1MB JPEG (4256 x 2832)
Apart from the fact that Adobe Camera RAW 5.6 is applying a slightly different color profile to files from the D3S and D3 there is little to distinguish raw files from these cameras at their native ISO setting of 200 (equivalent). There is slightly more detail here than can be seen in both cameras' respective JPEG output, which is especially evident in this scene in the fine lines on the lady's face in the third crop from the top, and the texture in the cotton balls and the fabric of our toy dog's head.

subset: commoncrawl


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A Florida investment company has snapped up a North Charleston hotel at deep discount.
Liberty Group said today it has acquired the 125-room Candlewood Suites at 2177 Northwoods Blvd.
The hotel was built in 2007 for $15 million, the Tampa-based buyer said last week.
With debts totaling $12.3 million, the property went into foreclosure last year and was seized by U.S. Bank NA in July 2012.
The exact sale price wasn't disclosed and county ownership records had not been updated as Friday. Liberty Group said it acquired the lodging from a company representing the lender "at a 50 percent discount to the original development cost and intends to invest in renovations in early 2014."
The deal marks Liberty Group's 23rd hotel purchase since 2010 and the first acquisition through its Liberty Hospitality Fund I LLC. The North Charleston property is the firm's first South Caroline lodging, according to its website.
"The purchase adheres to our disciplined fund strategy of acquiring a well-located, income-producing hotel asset at a significantly discounted basis," said Punit Shah, president and chief operating officer of the Liberty Group. "We anticipate creating tremendous value by repositioning the hotel through capital improvements and operational efficiencies."
Before the foreclosure was finalized, the hotel was run by Premier Hospitality Group, a Charleston-based company founded in 2001 by Duane Parrish, who now the director of the S.C. Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism.
Parrish said last year he wasn't one of the investors in the group that lost the Candlewood Suites to foreclosure, though two of his associates at Premier Hospitality were.
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American Idol
American Idol 2013 Promo: Sudden Death Rounds Continue!
The sudden death rounds continue in Las Vegas tonight on American Idol 2013! Ten more girls from the Top 40 will take the stage to face the judges and a live audience at the Cirque du Soleil theater at the Mirage Hotel & Casino.
Will a girl be the American Idol Season 12 winner? The ladies are looking VERY strong this year! Could the future queen of American Idol 2013 be performing tonight? Tune in and watch all the action at 8 p.m. ET!


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PIKEVILLE – The University of Pikeville Bears held their spot in this week's poll, spending their second straight week at No. 7.
This after the Bears improved to 19-3 on the season with a 74-68 win over Bluefield College last Thursday night. The game against the Rams was the only one of the week for Kelly Wells' club.
The poll's release also means Thursday night's game at Georgetown will be a Top 25 matchup, as the Tigers have re-entered the poll and are tied for 22nd this week. The Tigers, 17-5 and on a three-game win streak, are tied with Mid-America Nazarene (Kan.) this week.
The teams will hook up in Davis-Reid Alumni Gymnasium as the second game of a doubleheader Thursday night and are scheduled to tip at 8 p.m.
The Bears and Tigers are two of three Mid-South Conference ranked in the Top 25, with two others getting votes this week.
Lindsey Wilson, 21-2, lead the pack and are ranked third this week. The Blue Raiders have won seven straight and moved up one spot after Lewis-Clark State (Idaho) fell from third to fifth this week.
Columbia (Mo.) remains at the top of the poll, getting all 11 first-place votes with a 24-0 record. Lee (Tenn.) is still second with a 21-1 worksheet.
Lindsey Wilson is followed by John Brown (Ark.), 20-4, which moved up two places, and Lewis-Clark in the Top 5.
Pikeville is preceded by Westmont (Calif.) and followed by Cal State-San Marcos, Emmanuel (Ga.) and Oklahoma Baptist in the Top 10.
In addition to the three ranked teams, Shawnee State picked up enough votes to be tied for 28th, while Cumberlands, a former No. 1, is one of 10 teams in the receiving votes column.
The Patriots will face a tough test on Thursday as well when they host Lindsey Wilson at the O. Wayne Rollins Center in Williamsburg. Tip off is slated for 8 p.m.
In addition to their meeting with Georgetown, the Bears will visit St. Catharine College on Saturday afternoon at 4 p.m.


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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by Disappointed on 08/18/2011
The fish (halibut) was spoiled:the chef tried crispy broiling but it still stunk. Then, without my request for, the waiter produced the skimpy tail of a Branzino. Shame on all of you involved in this caper. The waiter should be grateful that he got a 20% tip.
Posted by NYC_eats on 07/28/2011
Sloppy, distracted service and shockingly overcooked pasta (both my black tagliolini and my dining companion's spaghetti). Given the prices and this place's reputation—particularly in terms of the pastas—the whole experience was surprisingly disappointing. The spacey service and mushy pasta would have been a let-down even in a lesser restaurant, but here those issues are especially egregious. Scott Conant is all over TV cooking shows talking about high standards for pasta; he needs to keep an eye on this disappointing, overrated kitchen.
Posted by Anonymous on 06/18/2011
The room is sophisticated - lighting is great. Sommelier knowledgeable, helpful and not judgmental! Waiter and staff unobtrusive and terrific for being that way! Most of all - loved the menu - enjoyed everything we ordered -- shared and tasted among ourselves. I would definitely go back but would love it if they opened uptown!!!
Posted by hazel1 on 05/12/2011
We were lucky enought to have a reservation for the first day of Scarpetta's 3rd anniversary special - 4 courses for $50 including a complimentary wine flight. What an incredible deal for an incredible meal. The polenta with truffled mushrooms is to die for - I've never had a smoother, creamier polenta. The spaghetti everyone raves about was very good, just not extraordinary, but I loved the short rib with marrow agnolotti, although it's very rich. The black cod is wonderful, as is the spiced duck, and the chocolate cake that we had for dessert was divine. Service was superb, and the only thing I could possibly find fault with is the noise level - it's so loud that I had trouble hearing my dinner companion at a small two-top table. Four people trying to converse would be vey difficult.
Posted by Nina on 05/04/2011
Had reservation at 8pm on a Tuesday night; however, 48 minutes later, we were still waiting with no hopes of getting a table. Both hostesses were unapologetic and unsympathetic to the fact that they were clearly unable to manage the reservations list. Not to mention the fact that a place this upscale, and with this kind of hype, the hostesses should not only be interested in catering to the customer, but should also be presentable. One of the hostesses looked unkept and the other hostess was extremely snooty (which only added to my irritation since it was quite evident that she had no idea how to handle the front of the house). When we told the snooty hostess that we were leaving, she had no response and offered no apologies for their mistreatment. Sadly, no matter how great the food might have been, it is not enough of a draw for me to make a second attempt at returning.
Posted by mitchk on 03/16/2011
I ate at Scarpetta a few years ago, around when it first opened, and it was one of the best meals I ever had. The chef is now everywhere, books/tv/new restaurants, etc., and the effects are obvious. Forgetting the bad service (nothing for a toddler to eat, refusal to make smaller portion, and refusal to put the sauce on side of the dessert had to be "on it, or not at all"), most importantly, the food has suffered. It wasn't bad, but it wasn't anywhere close to what it used to be. The prices, formerly worth the occasional splurge, are now simply expensive for food that is average. Please return to your restaurant and remind us how good simple Italian food can be.
Posted by Anonymous on 02/27/2011
High priced but really enjoyed the food and atmosphere. I recommend and would go back. Get the spaghetti trust me but the only issue is it would ruin spaghetti anywhere you get it!


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On the Roof of the World
15-Day, Beijing, Xian, Lhasa, Shigatse, Dingri, Private Tour (CT-OT-01)
Peggie Lv,
Tour Manager
Tailor-make Your Trip!
Want to make some changes on this itinerary? Just tell us your dates, your interests and your way. We can tailor-make a trip for you.
Day by Day Tour Itinerary
Beijing Arrival (Flight not Inlcuded)
Destinations & activities: Airport pick up and transfer to hotel
No matter how late your international flight arrives in Beijing, your Beijing tour guide will be waiting for you at the airport. On the way to your hotel, he / she will give you a brief introduction about the tour to come.
Sleep tight for the first night in China.
- Smart Tips:
Meals: None
Destinations & activities: Tian'anmen Square, Forbidden City, the Former Residence of Soong Ching Ling and a Hutong visit
Tian'anmen Square is an extensive open area in Beijing, adjacent to the Forbidden City. Inside the Forbidden City, you will visit the four cores: the Palace of Heavenly Purity, Hall of Mental Cultivation, Hall of Supreme Harmony and Royal Garden. Have lunch at a famous hotpot restaurant .
The most interesting fact about the Former Residence of Soong Ching Ling is that China's last emperor Pu Yi once lived in a courtyard house in a Hutong but not the majestic Forbidden City. Afterwards, you will take a rickshaw Hutong ride and visit a local family.
- Smart Tips:
Meals: Breakfast and Chinese Lunch at Haidilao Restaurant
Destinations & activities: Land transfer to the Great Wall at Huanghuacheng Section
Today your Beijing tour guide will pick you up take you to the Great Wall at Huanghuacheng Section.
Huanghuacheng Section of the Great Wall is known for its unique state: a great part of the Great Wall is under water because of the dam and creat a picture of a dragon playing in the water.
Today you will hike at this beautiful section for about 3 hours and camp up for overnight.
- Smart Tips::
Meals: Breakfast and Chinese Lunch
Destinations & activities: Land transfer to the Jiankou Section of the Great Wall, Mutianyu Section and back to downtown Beijing
Waking up at the Great Wall, you will take in the first sunlight whilst a simple breakfast. Later, we will drive to Jiankou Section, a wild and unrepaired section of the Great Wall.
After an easy hike at Jiankou, your Beijing tour guide will lead your way to Mutianyu Section. You will walk uphill and take an exciting slide-way downhill.
Later today, you will be back to your hotel in Beijing.
- Smart Tips:
Meals: Breakfast and Chinese Lunch
Shanghai to Xi'an (Flight CA1225 1520 - 1725)
Digging out more royal grace, today you will visit the scenic Summer Palace and Temple of Heaven. Have lunch and you will take a flight to Xi'an. Check in upon arrival.
Meals: Breakfast and Chinese Lunch at Ba Guo Bu Yi Restaurant
Destinations & activities: Terracotta Warriors and Horses, Big Wild Goose Pagoda and Ancient City Wall and a handicraft center
After breakfast, your tour guide will take you to some simple breakfast and help you check in. Later, you will visit the wonder of ancient China: Terracotta Warriors and Horses. Have lunch in a Sichuan restaurant nearby before a walk at a handicraft center.
In the afternoon, you will be back to Xi'an downtown, waiting is the famous Big Wild Goose Pagoda. Later, take a walk on the <Ancient City Wall, one of the oldest milatry defense systems in China.
Have the rest of today free at your pace.
Meals: Breakfast, Chinese Lunch at A Wa Shan Zhai Restaurant
Destinations & activities: Huashan Mountain
Today you will spend a whole day at the famous Huashan Mountain. Not ideally safe to climb, you will take a cable car up the mountain ridge.
Mount Hua is known for its sheer cliffs and plunging ravines and blessed with perfect angles for photographers and travelers alike.
You will be back to Xi'an at the end of the day.
- Smart Tips:
Meals: Breakfast and Chinese Lunch
Xi'an to Lhasa (Flight MU2335 1135 - 1445)
You will have a free morning in Xi'an before the flight to Lhasa. Check in upon arrival and explore the neighborhood.
- Smart Tips:
Meals: Breakfast
Destinations & activities: Jokhang Temple, Sera Monastery and Barkhor Street
Today, you will visit the highlights of Lhasa. Firstly, get to the famous Jokhang Temple. Have lunch in a Tibetan-style restaurant.
Afternoon, you will visit one of the most important monasteries in Lhasa: Sera Monastery. Later, your Lhasa tour guide will lead your way in a free stroll in Barkhor Street.
- Smart Tips:
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch at Lhasa Kitchen
Destinations & activities: Potala Palace, Norbulingka, visit a Tibetan family
Enjoy your breakfast. The sublime Potala Palace will be the first stop for today. Waiting for us is the Summer Palace of Tibet: Norbulingka. Have steak at a Tibetan style restaurant.
This afternoon, you will visit a Tibetan family, to learn about their day-to-day life and faith.
Meals: Breakfast, Steak Lunch at Steak House Restaurant
Lhasa to Shigatse
Destinations & activities: Land transfer, Tashilunpo Monastery
Today you will be taken to Shigatse. On the way, we will visit the biggest monastery in Shigatse: Tashilunpo Monastery. There is a Stupa-tomb of the Tenth Panchen Lama inside the chhapel. Have simple lunch en route.
Arrive in Shigatse in the afternoon, check in and stay overnight.
Meals: Breakfast, Chinese Lunch
Shigatse to Dingri
Destinations & activities: Land transfer, Mountain Everest Camp, Rongbuk Monastery
Known as "The Roof of The World", Mountain Everest (or Mountain Qomolangma) has been a dream for many adventurers. Today you will chanllenge yourself with the high altitude. This is a rewarding trip and definitely a day to remember. Have simple lunch en route.
You will also visit the highest monastery in the world: Rongbuk Monastery.
Meals: Breakfast, Chinese Lunch
Dingri to Shigatse
Destinations & activities: Land transfer
Today your Lhasa tour guide will escort you to Shigatse. Have simple lunch en route.
Later today, you will arrive in Shigatse, check in a simple accommondation for overnight.
Meals: Breakfast, Chinese Lunch
Shigatse to Lhsa
Destinations & activities: Yomdrok Lake, Karola Glacier ( viewed from distance) and Palkhor Choede
Today you will stop by the beautiful Yomdrok Lake. Also, you can take a distance glance at the marvelous Karola Glacier. Have simple lunch en route.
Later today, you will visit a unique monastery: Palkhor Monastery, which is known as a stupa inside temple, temple inside stupa. Check in a simple accommondation for overnight.
Meals: Breakfast, Chinese Lunch
Lhasa Departure (Flight not Included)
Destinations & activities: Airport - hotel transfer
Hopefully this adventure has made your dream come ture. Today your Lhasa tour guide will escort you to the airport. Thank you for choosing us. Hope to see you again soon!
Meals: None
Terms & Conditions (More...)
Note: A Tibet Travel Permit is required to enter Tibet in addition to a China Visa. The Tibet Tourism Administration has recently indicated that they will tighten the regulations which control the issuance of Tibet Travel Permits. Besides now having to enter Tibet in a group of five people or more of the same nationality, the permit will be issued just 4-5 days before arriving in Lhasa. This means that we are unable to guarantee that a permit to travel will be approved. Also the permit will need to be sent to the place of departure in China for Lhasa by express courier. The additional cost will be 300–400 CNY. Your travel advisor will provide additional information. We apologize for this extra cost. However, it is out of our control.
You May Also Like These Tours:
Tour Highlights
- Mt.Everet with camping and breathtaking views
- Key sites in Beijing Xi'an and Lhasa
- Overnight at the Great Wall
- Steep Mountain Hua in Xi'an
Tour Tips
Suitable for:
It needs 20 days to process Tibet Travel Permit. China Travel kindly suggests you confirm your tour at least 30 days ahead of time.
Feel free to contact us via:
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 86-773-2889566 ( Leon Long )
Fax: +86-773-2827424 or 2885308
Mail Address: Chinatravel.com/CITS Guilin, Binjiang Road No. 11, Guilin, P.R. China, 541002
Travel Confidently with Us
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Our pretty personalized Roman Holiday Petite Tote Bag is one of our most fashionable! The tote arrives embroidered in one of our 10 signature thread colors with an initial and matching ribbon. Expandable for all your needs, the bag features a flat bottom, snap closure, outside pocket and zippered inner pocket. Bag measures 8 1/2" x 5 1/4" x 11 1/2". Available in Natural with black trim or Black with natural trim. Personalized with one letter in one of our 15 signature thread colors.


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Calif. terror suspect ordered held without bail
Federal prosecutors say a judge has ordered a man held without bond after he was swept up in a federal terrorism probe and accused of taking part in a plot to kill Americans overseas.
U.S. attorney spokesman Thom Mrozek says 21-year-old Arifeen David Gojali was ordered Monday to remain behind bars. He is scheduled to be arraigned Dec. 5.
Gojali is one of three Californian men investigators arrested just two days before they planned to board a plane headed for Istanbul, and then on to Afghanistan where they were to meet up with 34-year-old American Sohiel Omar Kabir.
In a 77-page affidavit, which included references to the group's online video conversations and audio recordings, federal officials say the men planned attacks on military bases overseas.


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So Mike "It is no secret to get a probation job in Western Mass you have to go through Tom Petrolati" Mike you don't see anything wrong with that? You don't find that unusual that a State Rep would have control over jobs in a state agency not the professionals? Time for Mike Ashe the hack to retire. And one other thing how many of those "qualifed' job seekers contributed to Tommy
I don't know. Four cops to subdue a 65 year old drunk and a woman, while just 50 feet away on Main Street they are selling drugs, not to mention the Meth lab just down the street. But then again it is NOHO so we do have our priorities.
Here is the budget problem. There is only 6 months left in the fiscal year. If people in the DA's office retire or leave they are entitled to be paid for all unused accured vacation time and 20% of their accured sick leave. So imagine some one leaving who was there 20, 15, even 10 years they leave.and have accurred let us say 5 unused vacation days a year for 20 years that is 100 days paid plus 20 % of the sick time. Thus the new DA would be forced to pay someone nearly 4 months pay for not working. He therefore could not replace that person for 4 months. Now multiple that by 6-10 others and you can see Mr. Mastrioanni's problem and why he has to start with a much smaller staff. He has got budget and personnel problems let alone a crushing case load
I remember the telvision commercial by Sarno well. As he stood there and said I will trash the trash fee. I guess this people took him at his word and they thought since he got elected he trashed it.
Steve B is such a typical politician and it has reached the point of shameful. For the record in the AUG 13 WGBY debate a question was asked about liberal and lenient judges. This is what Steve's response was you can see the video on WGBY.org the State WE ARE IN. 180 degree flip flop in hopes of getting votes. Sad.
I believe we have a great system now, a balanced system, a human system. where you have a district attorney elected by the citizens, the only one in the court house that the citizens can touch through there vote. While you have police departments and judges. The real issue is getting to the root of crime, the roots of crime are issues that are right in the community. People, parents who have children are not watching their children, poverty issues that are out there, the struggle to get a job. Those are the issues we need to turn around more than bickering with either police chiefs or judges about changing the system. Because the system is never going to change because that the way it is intact. We we do need to do is to stop people from coming into the court house. That's what we have to change
Nearly 100 percent of the elected officials in Hampden County are democrats. Ashe took the permit out. Ray Jordan is the vice chair of the state Democratic committee, the mayor is a democrat etc etc. but nobody knows nuttin about nuttin and even if I did I ain't talking to no stinking reporter. So if everybody keeps their mouths shut and da we get the vote from the rubes out there we will be ok nuttin is gonna change and dat's good for deem dats got the in. You know what I mean (wink)
Martin Help me with this which debate was that. I find it incredible. He just says what ever is convienet.
Does this mean Steve will give back the $1,250 Steve Roberts owner of F.L. Roberts gave for his campaign seeing F.L. Roberts was fined $30,460 in April by the Department of Environment Protection.
It seems to me to be the right thing to do not that Steve has gone green. Oh wait money is green now I get the connection.
Let's see. Career politicians Knapik, Ashe and Olver endorse Buoniconti oh yeah and Chief Burke who had special legislation passed by Buoniconti so he could pad his pension all endorse Buoniconti.
Springfield police, Palmer Police, West Springfield police, state police, 40 former state and federal prosecutors endorse Mastrioanni. Which endorsements should carry more weight with a voter. Hmmmmmmm?
Does Senator Buoniconiti expect us to believe that the Brueger family of Pennsylvania who run a huge national nsurance business based on buying life insurance policies at a fraction of there value from people who are done on their luck and have legislation pending before the committee Sen, Buoniconti is chairman of contributed all that money becuase they care who the next District Attorney of Hampden County is. Come on Steve you can't expect us to buy that. They contribute because they want access, they want influence, they want favorable legislation. It is pending legislation. Give the money back.
Buffy: You can't let Steve trick you. He is recycling this endorsement they endorsed him back in may when they contributed to him in the primary. So there is nothing new with this one. Plus they have been regular contributors to his campaign. The real news is that a defense attorney is endorsed by the police. Below is information from OCPF
Records 1 through 2 of 2 total records ($350.00)
WHERE Contributor Name includes 'international brotherhood' AND Recipient Full Name includes 'Stephen J. Buoniconti'
Date From Occupation/Employer Recipient (To) Amount
5/23/2010 International Brotherhood of Police Officers
130 Pearl Street Springfield, MA 01103
Buoniconti, Stephen J. $100.00
5/1/2009 International Brotherhood of Police Officers
130 Pearl Street Springfield, MA 01103
Buoniconti, Stephen J. $250.00
fcj9800 Which is the odd thing about Brimfield from my reading of the accounts. The Turbine company was offering to pay for a 3rd party reviewer selected by the Town. So how is that bad? In addition the company even sponsored visits to their other projects, plus other meetings were held as well as open meetings with the selectboard. And I think there was some discussion about the town gettting $175,000 per year in taxes. So I am wondering if this anger isn't really about something else. One thing I read was that wind companies get tax subsidies but doesn't all new technologies in the beginning and doesn't the oil companies still get tax breaks. So I am wondering if this isn't somewhat a spill over of the tea party movement anger I don't get why you would kill a project when you don't even know all the details pro or con. Seems a little reactionary to me.
Sorry for the typos in the previous post. It was just so stunning that with so many other great candidates they endorse the one who is least qualified, most political, and least experienced in the court room and the only idea he has had is fighting identity theft which of course the DA has not role in.
The reason Buoniconti was endorsed his because he is in the tank with the Casino' s and if casinos come the paper stands to get ad revenue plan and simple
":Talk about community boards, tough sentencing and Springfield's so-called "war zones" is fine, but we would have preferred to hear more about what the candidates would do to ensure that justice in Hampden County is even-handed and the public is kept informed as much as possible about ongoing cases. We know that's a real concern of the region's minority residents."
Enusre justice. Openness and reach out to minority residents. Kogut talke about web site which the DA office does not have, Buoniconti has not said a word. Kogut spoken at many inner city churches, reached out to ministers and other clergy to help fight crime. Kogut supports CORI reform Buoniconti doesn't. Kogut has promised to remove politics from the office. So they endorse the biggest politician of the group. Who says money can't buy you love.
I am ashamed to admit it I did not see personally either of the last two debates but I have got to believe these men talked about something more than campaign contributions. Am I missing something or are the reporters. Isn't this a DA race, what happened to the gun court idea, the war zone comment, vicitims, home invasion, no DAweb site, experience, plans to keep kid of drugs. What are their plans? I don't get the obesssion with income tax returns and fund raising.
Bennett's legacy. Project remove-- Spelman says there are more guns on the street than ever--it's a war zone. So much for project remove. Bennet fought for more prosecutors. Then why have a policy of allowing assistant district attorney's to take leaves of absence to run for office. If people are on leave politicking doesn't that leave you short of prosecutors. I don't get it. And what does that say about the two on leave they were key players in an office that was ineffective to the point that it is a war zone out there and there are more guns on the street than ever. Hmmmmmmmmm
Thanks deer357. I can't imagine the political deals and patronage that will be going on if Bouniconti gets elected. Spelman and Goodhines have been there for too many years. How can Spelman say things are worse than ever then talk about the good job he has done in the DA office I don't get it. I'm narrowed down to Voterro I think
And the other candidates remain silent. All I hear from the others in the debates is we got to do something, well what? All they do is say I am better than the other guy what's the plan? We know what Spelman's is "boots on the ground" A Hampden County surge.
I am still trying to get some answers Does Mr. Spelman's war zone tactics mean curfews, random searches, road block check points, detentions? I tried to talk to him at the Chicopee democratic picnic but he had already left Looked for position paper none to be found. Plus I have raised this point before. If things are so bad hasn't he been in the District Attorney's office for 10 years does that mean he and Bennett failed?
I think all the candidates recognize that there is crime. After all they are running for DA. The criticism of Mr Spelman stems from his war zone comment and that we need to employ Iraq tactics and have "boots on the gorund." I think many feel this is just trying to capitalize on fear and that is wrong. Also if he is correct then he should not be DA because he as been a key player in the office and thus has failed. On the one hand he says vote for me I can do the job on the other he says there "are more guns on the street than ever" and there are parts of Hampden County that are war zones. So to me he is saying he has failed. The next question that comes to mind is the tactics used in Iraq. So are we to have a curfew, check points, random searches, be required to carry special indentification? Crime yes there is. War Zone tactics I think not. We need real solutions not sound bites.


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WILTON, Conn. – Here's a list of home sales and property transfers in Wilton from Feb. 15 to Feb. 21 as reported by the Wilton Town Clerk's Office:
▪ Suzane Rixon and David Helman sold 66 Old Ledge Lane to Avi M. Rothkopf for $570,000.
▪ Daniel J. and Heidi B. Murphy sold 57 Canterbury Lane to Michele J. and Scott R. Bender for $785,000.
▪ Carol B. Hastings sold 88 Nod Hill Road to Daniel J. and Heidi B. Murphy for $892,500.
▪ Frances D. Dunn sold 1 Chipmunk Lane to John and Christine Macken for $514,500.
▪ Brian Dolan sold 62 Wilton Crest to Brendan Boyle for $160,000.


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Kickoff is scheduled for 7:30 p.m. at Greyhound Field.
"I don't know if we're ready to play a game, but the guys are ready to go against someone else," Jones County coach Dwight Jones said.
"We've been going at it since July 25, four good weeks, so they're tired of seeing the same people across the line every day. And I know they're tired of us barbecuing their tails for what they aren't doing right. We need to play someone else to see where we're at."
Fans will notice a new, larger scoreboard that was recently erected, and the new section of stands that was often delayed last year is in place and will be open.
The new stands will be reserved as the student section and will be called the Barking Lot.
For the full story, pick up a copy of this week's newspaper or subscribe to our e-Edition at http://ee.jcnews.com.


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With last night's stunning comeback victory, the Detroit Red Wings have forced a game seven in their series with the San Jose Sharks. This means that the Canucks won't know who their Western Conference Final opponent is until
But who would they prefer to face? PITB takes a look at their two potential opponents, weighing the pros and cons for each, in another segment of This Guy or This Guy.
[ SJS ] – While getting the puck from the Red Wings can be a chore, San Jose leads the postseason in giveaways.
[DET] – They also generate a lot of takeaways, such as when they acquired Dany Heatley, Joe Thornton, and Dan Boyle for next to nothing. Ryan Kesler could be playing for them by the end of the series.
[DET] – The Sharks are a much bigger team.
[ SJS ] – Bigger does not always mean stronger. For instance, rumour has it that Patrick Marleau is completely hollow.
[DET] – The Sharks have four Olympic gold medalists and an Art Ross winner.
[ SJS ] – The Canucks have four Olympic gold medalists and two Art Ross winners. Instant win.
[DET] – When it comes to regular season and Olympic accomplishments, however, Detroit's roster simply doesn't measure up.
[ SJS ] – Detroit has a bit playoff experience, though.
[ SJS ] – Detroit scores when it counts.
[DET] – Detroit counts their age in scores.
[ SJS ] – Detroit has the heart of a champion.
[DET] – It's an artificial pacemaker.
[ SJS ] – Detroit has Nicklas Lidstrom, perhaps the greatest defenseman of his generation.
[DET] – And the last two generations. If you read the right spell from the Book of the Dead, he may return to his sarcophagus.
[DET] – Did I mention Detroit is old and enfeebled? They may wear down as the series goes along.
[ SJS ] – The older they look, the more often Dan "Community Man" Hamhuis may find himself continually out of position as he tries to help them cross the neutral zone.
[ SJS ] – San Jose recently frittered away a 3-0 series lead. They clearly lack killer instinct.
[DET] – So did the Canucks. A Vancouver-San Jose series would be so devoid of killer instinct, it could go on for nine games.
[ SJS ] – The San Jose Sharks have a reputation as chronic chokers. A little adversity and they may crumble.
[DET] – If the Sharks begin to choke, Dan Hamhuis may take a lot of holding penalties as he tries to clear the blocked airway with abdominal thrusts.
[ SJS ] – For as good as Ryan Kesler's been, Pavel Datsyuk's been almost as good.
[DET] – Unlike the Sharks, the Canucks might try to defend him.
[ SJS ] – Detroit's Pavel Datsyuk has gotten the best of Ryan Kesler in consecutive years.
[DET] – None of the games will be played in Las Vegas.
[ SJS ] – The Red Wings have a history of winning.
[DET] – So does Charlie Sheen. A meltdown may be imminent.
[DET] – Detroit has a Swedish captain. He can't possibly lead his team to a Stanley Cup.
[ SJS ] – Wait, he already did once? Then the secret to winning a cup is having a Swedish captain. Vancouver 1, San Jose 0.
[DET] – Detroit forward and former Canuck Todd Bertuzzi hasn't been the same since he broke the neck of Steve Moore.
[ SJS ] – San Jose forward and former Canuck Kyle Wellwood hasn't been the same since he broke the spine of his limited edition, hardcover copy of Hitchiker's Guide.
[ SJS ] – Detroit coach Mike Babcock has been to the Stanley Cup finals three times in seven seasons.
[DET] – But he's never won a Jack Adams. He must be terrible.
[DET] – San Jose's goaltender, Antti Niemi, won the Stanley Cup last year.
[ SJS ] – Chicago didn't care. Vancouver probably shouldn't either.
[ SJS ] – Detroit has shown a startling penchant for tying up games in the third period, something the Canucks have had trouble preventing in the second round.
[DET] – Detroit tends to shoot from in front of the net, where Roberto Luongo is better at making the save.Tags: Questionable Comedic Content, Red Wings, Sharks, this guy or this guy
It doesn't matter whom we play,
Detroit Redwings or San Jose.
For neither team has what it takes,
Unless they get some Nashville breaks.
Should Bobby Lou be at his best,
The Nucks will represent the West.
Jenny Wren
Although they're not the Habs of old
When Guy Lafleur the wing patrolled
You know back when the greats did play
Like Bobby Clarke and Cournoyer
But still they are with talent blessed
The Nucks will represent the West.
Olde Coot
If at the Joe or in the Tank,
We'll see the skills of Hank and Dank,
And Kessler will continue to
Do all the things that he can do.
Throughout the year they played with zest;
The Nucks will represent the West.
Chicken Chick
I'll take Detroit please. The Red Wing organization has, for years now, been the gold standard by which good teams measure themselves and, if I am not mistaken, provide the blueprint by which GM Mike Gillis is constructing this Canucks team. If we are going to win our first Stanley Cup (and I hope we are), let's beat the very best to do it.
Those Canucks-haters won't shut about our right to be in the playoffs unless we do. And if the Canucks do win against the Red Wings, the haters will have to slag Detroit in the process. And you know that'd just kill them. Don't we have a slightly better history against Detroit anyway?
[SJS ] – Detroit has Nicklas Lidstrom, perhaps the greatest defenseman of his generation.
[DET] – And the last two generations. If you read the right spell from the Book of the Dead, he may return to his sarcophagus.
[DET] – Did I mention Detroit is old and enfeebled? They may wear down as the series goes along.
[ SJS ] – The older they look, the more often Dan "Community Man" Hamhuis may find himself continually out of position as he tries to help them cross the neutral zone.
You guys are AWESOME! haha
I'm not sure if I care about wich team is easily, I just want to know who we're gonna face soon…
Both match-ups are equally unpalatable. That's all I could come up with. This is uncharted territory for me as I was but a small town boy with a pocketful of dreams the last time we made it to the WCF. For that reason there is a part of me that just wants the easiest match-up possible. But looking at how close the SJS/DET series has been and how wildly momentum has shifted-as it did in our series with CHI-the only clear answer is that there IS no easy road* to the cup.
So having said that, I'm with John. We go big or we go home. Detroit.
*Unless ex-military Canuck fanatics form roving hit squads and create a Sniper's Alley on the way to Rogers Arena.
I think you guys are clearly forgetting the Mascot factor here. Fin is a whale and fight between him(it?) and the Sharks mascot, "Sharkie" I presume?, would clearly end in a stalemate due to equal amounts of aquatic prowess. Detroit's mascot is an octopus though, which whales eat for breakfast.
Can't wait to see the Eastern Conference Final either, as a Bear will be attempting to fight Lightning……
Allow me to blow your mind: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SS6NjdGLVZs
lolol soo funny
but in all seriousness. I'd take our chances against the Sharks. The Wings making a 3 game come back to force a game 7 is proof enough that they're finding their swagger back that they lost in games 1- 3…Jimmy Howard's looking bigger in net, Lidstrom's found the fountain of youth before Capt. Jack Sparrow, Datsyuk has turned on his Russian equivalent of Superman genes, and Zetterberg's beard is almost as imposing as Shea Weber's (not that it helped Nashville, but hey it's the thought that counts!)
Sharks on the other hand…are living up to their lack of killer instinct reputation, Niemi still hasn't proven to me that he's a goalie capable of winning Stanley Cups without an all-star crew in front of him, Thornton, Marleau and Heatley are once again lacking in the post-season production…(Ryan Clowe is team leading in points in the post-season…are you for serious?)..and not to mention their only player who clutches up in times of need is their rookie, Logan Couture.
all in all, it's harder for Vancouver to shut down Zetterberg, Datsyuk, Filppula, Holmstrom, Franzen(?), Bertuzzi…and the defensive game of Lidstrom, Kronwall, Rafalski is annoying
whereas with SJ….Marleau, Thornton, Heatley, Clowe, Couture are easier to beat down, long as our boys keep throwing them hits…and Dan Boyle is due for a goal on net soon…his OWN net that is ;D


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"The death of Representative Herb Bateman is a great loss to this country and the Department of Defense.
"A strong proponent of our national defense, he provided wise leadership and counsel as a senior member of the Armed Services Committee and chair of the Subcommittee on Military Readiness. His convictions, wise leadership and steady support helped guide the military through its crucial years of downsizing and to make it the best fighting force in the world.
"Representative Bateman's 16 years of selfless service will live on as a legacy of his dedication to the nation and the armed services."


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Sydney Opera House
Issued Friday, 5 March 2004
Valuable new information about the Opera Theatre has come to light during the technical investigation work for the theatre's improvement program.
This research suggests options and opportunities for the theatre's potential refurbishment which had not been apparent previously.
While these new concepts would be more comprehensive than the current, smaller scale plans, Sydney Opera House believes there is considerable merit in exploring them further.
Consequently the initial plan to close the Opera Theatre in October 2005 for refurbishment work currently will not proceed. This will be reviewed again during 2004.
Sydney Opera House is working closely with the primary users of this theatre (the Australian Ballet and Opera Australia) on this project and both companies are very supportive of further exploration and the change in timing.
After investigating the nature of the Opera Theatre we have discovered a lot of issues that will need careful consideration. I'm looking forward to be engaged in, and work with the detailed study and design process. Jørn Utzon 2003
Various Venues
© Copyright 2015 Sydney Opera House


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Can leopard mail be locked?
Hi I recently switched to Mac & as expected am loving it:Smirk:
I have a little question regarding the default mail client of leopard. Can you lock the mailboxes? I know that mail can be configured to ask for password everytime you launch it, but it already shows & gives access to the mails I had retrieved previously, irrespective of the password being right/wrong.
I want mail to ask for a password & then show me the contents for my mailbox.Is it possible?
-Thanks in advance
any ideas welcome...
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|University | Hospital | Blackboard | Pulse | JeffNet | RAP | JEFFLINE
Find People | JeffMail | JeffCal | JeffShare
(click to enlarge)
|Cartoon from Punch (British) magazine, 1872.
Established in 1824, Jefferson Medical College has granted 28,297 MDs to its graduating students. Although its well-deserved reputation for the latest thinking and forward pedagogical methods has always been recognized, it was not until 1961 that the medical school first admitted women students. Jefferson has the dubious distinction of being the last medical school to become coeducational (Harvard also lost its "stag rating" at that time.) Currently the student body (411 women and 497 men) roughly parallels the national average in male to female ratio for med schools, but traditions were strongly attended to at Old Jeff and the early idea that women were unfit for the manly arts of medicine was one of them.
Dean B. Howard Rand, MD, published this refutation in the 1870-71 JMC Student Catalogue.
To the Alumni of Jefferson Medical College.
The following "item" has been circulated largely in the South and West. It has only just been brought to the notice of the Faculty, and the paper in which it originally appeared is as yet unknown:--
"The Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia has announced that hereafter it will make no distinction of sex or color, among applicants for admission to its classes."
It need hardly be said that the above is a mean and malicious falsehood, fabricated by some enemy of the school. Inasmuch as the Diploma of each graduate is depreciated in value in proportion as the above statement is believed, the Faculty trust that each Alumnus will feel interested in having a contradiction published in his local newspapers.
By order of the Faculty.
(click to enlarge)
|First nine co-eds at JMC, Sept. 11, 1961. L to R, Seated: Merle G. Salerno, Bette-Lee Jarvis, Dean William Sodeman, Mary Knepp, Margaret M. Libonati. Standing: Amilu S. Martin, Carol A. Miller, Joyce E. Price, R.N., Nancy S. Szwec.
In 1873, a "young woman from a Western State presented herself...desiring to enroll" and was rebuffed by Dean John Barclay Biddle as recorded in his Introductory Lecture at the college opening session for that year when he declaimed that "Women entering medicine must be willing to subordinate love and marriage to the stern requirements of the most exacting vocation..."
The fact is that until 1961, applications from prospective women students were routinely forwarded (across town) to Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, the first college to grant women MDs in 1850. (WMCP became MCP, now Drexel University College of Medicine.) Although some members of the 19th century JMC faculty condemned women physicians, other Jeffersonians served on the faculty of WMCP (even the illustrious William W. Keen) and may have even championed the idea either from a liberal viewpoint (equal rights) or a Victorian conservative one (women doctors for women patients).
(click to enlarge)
|Dean Sodeman and first woman med student Nancy S. Szwec (Czarnecki).
In 1869 a "Remonstrance Against the Clinical Instruction Being Given to Classes Composed of Both Sexes," was jointly published by the faculties of Jefferson and the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, along with most of Philadelphia's "Physicians at Large," protesting "mixed classes of male and female students of medicine." The thinking among most medical men was that if women medical students were refused access to clinics and hospital appointments, the movement would wither away. Instead, women's medical schools established their own hospitals, foreign medical missionary services, and shared networks of education and opportunities. They also established their worth to a dubious public as physicians in private practice.
By 1918, JMC and WMCP began discussions of merger possibilities after the Jefferson faculty unanimously endorsed coeducation. In the midst of World War I, neither school took any subsequent action to realize such a merger.
The first women applicants to be accepted to Jefferson Medical College matriculated in 1961. Nancy S. Szwec was first of the nine co-eds who accepted places for that year. By the time of graduation (1965) she had married and taken the name Czarnecki, which put her alphabetically at the front of the line of women graduates. The first African American woman to attain an MD from JMC was Cora LeEthel Christian in 1971. These "pioneer" doctors have significant careers and have returned to their alma mater for many alumni events.
Other "Firsts:"
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TU Editors' Blog
A gateway to reach the editors who make decisions about our news coverage.
Monthly Archive for September, 2010
Rex Smith: Wires we fix. But Medicaid?
Late Wednesday afternoon, as a light equinox breeze stirred the Capital Region, an ancient maple tree hollowed out by generations of insects and rodents gave way on my neighbor's lawn. Its fall was snagged by a sturdy power line, which in turn yanked down two wooden poles, including one near my driveway that split vertically, […] [Read More]
Rex Smith: The politics of Fashion Week
Perhaps you missed the big news of the past week in New York. Hard to imagine, but if you're one of those busy people who sometimes overlooks the important stuff, I am here to report to you that Fashion Week has just ended. Some of you were distracted, no doubt, by the primary balloting earlier […] [Read More]
Rex Smith: Restraint, even as news ignites
There was a time, Tom Palmer was telling me the other day, when he was part of a plot hatched by a bunch of fellow Southerners to conceal what the Ku Klux Klan was up to. Actually, that's not precisely what I heard from Tom, who is the Times Union's design director. Back in the […] [Read More]
Rex Smith: Refusing to settle for potholes
One day last week I became one of those very satisfied drivers whose auto loan has been paid off. In my 5-year-old chariot — my car! — I rolled out of the driveway, feeling like I was gliding on a slide. Then it occurred to me: I wasn't imagining things; the road was, in fact, […] [Read More]


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Direct Service Volunteer Opportunities
Direct Service volunteers can be involved in several ways and through multiple pathways. Click the links to find great long term opportunities near you, or read through our temporary positions below!
FIRST Robotics Team Mentor/Coach
Help mentor Girl Scouts aged 9-14 by coaching a LEGO Robotics team! FLL challenges kids to think like scientists and engineers. This is a fulfilling, life changing program for both the girls and coaches that tackle real life issues! Teams are forming now and work will together from August to November, with a few other dates throughout the school year. Commitment is two hours a week. To learn more visit our FLL page. Questions? Contact Melissa Mason.
Volunteers needed in Bennington VT; Sandown, NH; Hampton, NH; Lebanon, NH; and Rutland, VT
FIRST LEGO League Mentor/Coach: Hopkinton
Help mentor Girl Scouts in grades 4-8 in Hopkinton starting in August. The team is looking for people with robotic, engineering, or coding skills, and will meet one day a week for two months ending in a regional competition. To learn more visit our FLL page. Questions? Contact Melissa Mason.
FIRST Tech Challenge Mentor/Coach: Rutland
Help mentor Girl Scouts in grades 6 and up at Otter Valley Union starting in August. The team is looking for people with robotic, engineering, or coding skills, and will meet one day a week for two months ending in a regional competition. To learn more visit our FTC page. Questions? Contact Melissa Mason.
Virtual Book Club Facilitator
Open a world of possibilities to girls by sharing your love of reading. Lead a group of girls on themed adventures in reading from your home on your own time! Help girls earn badges, make friends and develop their leadership potential. The club will have monthly virtual meetings. To learn more, contact Jessie.
Virtual Model UN Club Leader
Are you a world news junkie? Or were you on a Model UN Team in your youth? Share your love of world politics as you help develop girls into the global leaders of tomorrow from the comfort of your home! Help girls as they research international current events from the perspective of their UN member country and draft resolutions, make speeches, debate and negotiate while following the Model UN conference rules of procedure. The club will have monthly virtual simulations and meet in May for a live conference. Contact Jessie for more information.
Virtual Girl Scout Troop Leader
Make a difference in a girl's life and help develop her leadership potential! Be a mentor to a group of girls from your home on your own time! Help girls earn badges, make friends and become girls of courage, confidence and character. The club will have monthly virtual meetings. Contact Jessie for more information.
Girls Rock the Capitol (GRTC) Coordinator
Are you interested in politics, government or advocacy? As the GRTC Coordinator, you will have a first-hand look at state politics and government as you support our GRTC interns in their one-on-one mentorship with local state representatives. We run this program at both State Houses in Montpelier and Concord, for more details, contact the Girl Experience Team.
Girl Scouts Beyond Bars (GSBB) Coordinator
Our GSBB program supports women prisoners at Shea Farm in Concord, NH have positive, healthy relationships with their daughters. As coordinator, you would run Girl Scout programming at Shea Farm based on our National Partnership with the Dove Foundation focusing on improving self-esteem for both the girls and women in our program. For more details, contact the Girl Experience Team.
Events Pathway Group (EPG) Leader
This year's Events Pathway is offering a new way to take part in the Girl Scout Leadership Experience. The EPG leader will be responsible for attending four events throughout the year with the girls, hosting webinars in-between events and supporting girls through the product sales and their Take Action Projects. For more details, contact the Girl Experience Team.


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Jessie Bryson Cahill, 66, of Chesterfield, Virginia, formerly of Johnson City, passed away November 4, 2013, in Richmond, Virginia.
She was a daughter of the late William C. and Lucile B. Bryson and a granddaughter of the late W. H. and Lucy S. Blackwell.
She is survived by her husband, John W. ("Jack") Cahill, of the home; two sons, Richard Willis and Ken Willis (Hope), of Ft. Worth, Texas; two sisters, Lucy Gaut Honeycutt, of Knoxville, and Linda Bryson Carr (Lewis), of Jonesborough, Tennessee; two nephews, Mark Honeycutt (Renee), of Knoxville, Tennessee, and Jeremy Tod Parker (Sophia), of Jonesborough, Tennessee; seven grandchildren; and five great grandchildren.
A memorial service was held on November 22, 2013, in Richmond.
A memorial service will be held in Johnson City at a later date.
Courtesy of Woodall-Anderson and Dugger Funeral Home, 108 W. Watauga Avenue, Johnson City, Tennessee 37604. 423-928-2245


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Susanna Childress earned dual degrees in Writing and English Literature from Indiana Wesleyan University. She received a Master's in Creative Writing/Poetry from The University of Texas at Austin, where she was awarded a thesis fellowship from the James Michener Center for Writers; her first volume of poetry, Jagged with Love, published by the University of Wisconsin, was an exploration of human portraiture and sundry relational complexities. Childress graduated in April of 2007 from Florida State University with a PhD in English/Creative Writing. Her major field is Poetry as a Genre, with Medieval and Early Modern Women's Writing as her minor field. Her creative dissertation, "Hyssop", draws on Mary Sidney Herbert's Psalter to investigate hyssop as a means of cleansing and resilience in matters of familial and political tension.
Karin Fransen earned a B.A. in English Literature and Philosophy from Gordon College, an M.A. and M.Phil., and Ph. D. in Philosophy from Yale University. Fransen specializes in ethical theory, and her dissertation, "Take All My Guilt Away: The Transformative Project and Promise of Forgiveness," looks at how the objective moral guilt of a wrongdoer is affected when she is forgiven by the person she wronged.
Samuel Graber earned his B.A. from Saint Olaf College in English and American Studies, an M.A.R. from Yale Divinity School, and a Ph.D. in American Studies from The University of Iowa. Graber's research and teaching interests include nineteenth-century American literature and culture, transatlantic studies, national memory, and religion. His dissertation, "Twice-Divided Nation: the Civil War and National Memory in the Transatlantic World" explores how transatlantic communication and Anglo-American relations affected the early cultural representation and commemoration of the American Civil War.
Jason Crawford earned his bachelor's degree in English and philosophy at Louisiana State University and a PhD in English at Harvard University. He has taught courses on Shakespeare, the early modern lyric, medieval witchcraft and demonology, and allegory. His doctoral dissertation, "Personification and its Discontents," explores the decay of allegory in English poetry from the 14th to the 17th centuries.
Linn Tonstad earned her bachelor's degree from La Sierra University and a master's degree in philosophy of religion from Yale Divinity School. She received her PhD in theology from the Department of Religious Studies at Yale University, writing her dissertation on "Trinity, hierarchy, and difference: Mapping the Christian imaginary," which examines the Trinitarian relations of origin in the thought of Hans Urs von Balthasar and Wolfhart Pannenber.


text: Hilversum,gemeente (communemunicipality), Noord-Holland provincie, west-central Netherlands. The centre of the Gooiland district of lakes and woods, it was a village dependent on agriculture and weaving until the railway arrived in 1874. It is now a southeastern suburb of Amsterdam, a health and summer resort, and the centre of Dutch radio and television broadcasting. Manufactures include electrical machinery, telephone equipment, pharmaceuticals, carpets, furniture, and metal goods. It is known for its modern architecture, including the town hall (1931) designed by W.M. Dudok, St. Vitus' tower by Petrus Cuypers, schools, and broadcasting buildings. Pop. (1991 2007 est.) mun., 86,606; (1990 est.) metropolitan area, 102,141.83,669.


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Tickets for children
Children ages two and under are not required to have a ticket to enter RFK Stadium. If attending without a ticket, they must sit on the lap of an accompanying adult. If a child is the age of three and over, they must have a ticket. Guests may proceed to the ticket sales booth outside Gate A or Gate F to purchase a ticket.


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Welcome to Mafumbuka High
About Us
Mafumbuka High School is a public institution that was established in 1962 as a Special Primary School offering standard 3 to standard 6 to learners who were high achievers from their respective schools within Umlazi. It was upgraded to a mainstream Junior Secondary School in 1987 in which Standard 7 and Standard 8 were offered and finally upgraded in 1997 to a High School.
More Information
Mafumbuka High School is situated in the border of Umlazi W Section and C Section.
Learning hours:
Mon - Thu Study 06H30 1st Period 07H30 Last Bell 17H00
Contact Us


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The present invention is directed to a refrigeration cabinet comprising an interior liner, a foam insulation derived from an HHC blowing agent and an outer wall. The interior liner comprises a styrene-based inner layer, an adhesive layer, and a barrier layer. The adhesive layer comprises an ethylene copolymer grafted with an anhydride or carboxylic acid moiety, and a styrene-based polymer or copolymer. The barrier layer comprises an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer.
1. A refrigeration cabinet comprising:
an interior liner having a single styrene-based structural layer susceptible to damage upon exposure to hydrohalocarbon blowing agents, an outer wall and an insulation foam disposed between the interior liner and the outer wall, said foam being derived from a hydrohalocarbon blowing agent,
said interior liner having:
(a) the singular styrene-based structural layer susceptible to damage upon exposure to hydrohalocarbon blowing agents,
(b) an adhesive layer in contact with the styrene-based structural layer, said adhesive layer comprising an ethylene copolymer grafted with an anhydride or carboxylic acid moiety, and
(c) a hydrohalocarbon barrier layer in contact with the adhesive layer, said layer acting as a barrier between the styrene-based structural layer and the insulation foam wherein said barrier layer comprises at least about 50 weight percent ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and wherein the vinyl alcohol moieties are at least about 80% saponified, said ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer comprising from about 25 to about 60 mole percent ethylene moieties.
2. The refrigeration cabinet of claim 1, wherein the liner is thermoformed and wherein the barrier layer comprises at least about 50 weight percent ethylene vinyl alcohol ("EVOH") copolymer, and wherein the vinyl alcohol moieties are at least about 80% saponified, said EVOH copolymer comprising about 35 to about 60 mole percent ethylene moieties.
3. The refrigeration cabinet of claim 2 wherein the adhesive layer comprises:
a copolymer derived from:
i.) ethylene,
ii.) a vinyl ester or an acid derivative of a vinyl ester, and
iii) an anhydride or carboxylic acid grafting monomer.
4. The refrigeration cabinet of claim 3, wherein the structural layer comprises: regrind from the structural layer, the adhesive layer and the barrier layer.
5. The refrigeration cabinet of claim 3 wherein the adhesive layer comprises a copolymer derived from:
a) about 20 to about 85 weight parts ethylene;
b) about 15 to about 80 weight parts vinyl acetate, unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated derivatives of carboxylic acids, and
c) about 0.01 to about 5 weight parts of a comonomer containing pendant carboxylic acid or anhydride functionality.
6. The refrigeration cabinet of claim 5 wherein the thickness of the adhesive layer is about 1% to about 500% of the thickness of the barrier layer.
7. The refrigeration cabinet of claim 6 wherein the ethylene copolymer adhesive is compatible with the regrind material.
8. The refrigeration cabinet of claim 7, wherein the adhesive layer is about 100% to about 200% of the thickness as the barrier layer.
This is a continuation-in-part to U.S. Ser. No. 734,772, filed Jul. 23, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,219,665, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 648,007, filed Jan. 30, 1991, now abandoned.
The present invention relates generally to improved refrigerator liners. More specifically, the refrigerator liner compositions of the present invention are particularly well suited for use with insulation foam produced by hydrohalocarbons ("HHCs") or similar type blowing agents.
Generally, refrigerator cabinets have insulation foam between an inner plastic liner and an outer metal wall. New, "environmentally friendly" refrigerator foam insulation can contain hydrohalocarbon ("HHC") blowing agents or the like, which can attack conventional styrene based refrigerator liners. The present invention has many advantages and is well suited for use with modern insulation foams derived from HHC blowing agents and the like.
The refrigerator liners of the present invention are intended to be fastened to a metal refrigerator cabinet shell. In combination, the inner refrigerator liner and the outer metal shell define an interior space into which insulation foam can be placed. The refrigerator liners of the present invention preferably comprise a structural layer (visible when viewing an open refrigerator), an adhesive layer and an HHC barrier layer. The adhesive layer secures the HHC barrier layer to the structural layer.
The structural layer is preferrably a styrene based polymer, more preferably acrylonitrile-butadien-styrene copolymer("ABS") or high impact polystyrene ("HIPS").
Suitable adhesives include grafted copolymers of ethylene with one or more vinyl ester monomers or acid derivatives thereof. The grafting monomer preferably provides anhydride or carboxylic acid moieties to the copolymer. The adhesive copolymer's melt index should be about 0.5 to about 40. The total amount of graft comonomer in the total adhesive composition is preferably between about 0.03 and about 0.5 weight percent. Preferred adhesives include: 1. grafted EVA copolymers, comprising about 3 to about 50 weight percent vinyl acetate, and 2. grafted ethylene/n-butyl acrylate/carbon monoxide terpolymers (hereinafter, "EnBACO").
The HHC barrier layer is preferably a vinyl alcohol polymer composition, more preferably an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer composition, although other related polymers can also be used. The preferred ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer composition is largely or entirely a copolymer of about 25 to about 60 mole percent ethylene monomer moieties and about 40 to about 75 mole percent vinyl alcohol (i.e. saponified vinyl acetate) monomer moieties.
The adhesive layer and barrier layer are preferably combined as a single sheet, prepared by coextrusion. The sheet can then be laminated onto the structural polymer layer by known techniques.
The adhesives of the present invention also serve to compatibilize the structural layer, adhesive layer and barrier layer, so regrind or scrap from the three layers can be incorporated into the structure layer, either as a single layer or as part of a composite. Such a multilayer composite can comprise a first layer of virgin structure material together with a second layer of structure material comprising regrind.
An important aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the adhesive polymer capable of acting both as an adhesive and as a compatibilizer. That is, when a sufficient quantity of the adhesive polymer is present, scrap material (from the barrier layer, adhesive layer and styrene-based structural layer) can be reground and melted into a substantially uniform material and incorporated into the structural layer without adversely effecting the properties of the structural layer.
The present invention further comprises the process of preparing such a multiple layer structure comprising a regrind layer. This process preferably includes the steps of extruding at least one layer of the thermoformable structural polymer and at least one layer prepared from grinding and melting materials recovered from trimming of other such multiple layer structures, onto a preformed sheet of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and polymeric compatibilizer.
The liners of the present invention are preferably prepared by thermoforming a single composite sheet of structural and barrier polymers to form the back wall and the side, bottom, and top walls of the interior storage compartment or refrigerator door. To obtain a final liner with a total thickness of at least about 0.5 mm, the initial sheet should be at least about 3 mm in total thickness. This relationship can be readily adjusted as necessary by one skilled in the art.
A layer of foamed polymer is generally applied to the multiple layered refrigerator liner structure described above in such a way that the barrier layer is interposed between the foam and the structural layer. The layer of foamed polymer may be applied by methods known to those skilled in the art, but preferably by injection of the reactive polymers or polymer precursors plus HHC blowing agent into a confined space bounded on one side by the above described multiple layered structure and on the other side by another structural member, such as the steel casing of a refrigerator cabinet or the like.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the preferred mulit-layer refrigerator liner of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a refrigerator liner of the present invention, insulation foam and metal outer cabinet wall, as would be typical for a refrigerator apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a perspective and cross-sectional view of a refrigerator apparatus.
The refrigerator liners of the present invention preferably comprise an exposed, plastic outer layer (which would be visible when viewing the inside of an open refrigerator; hereafter referred to as "structural layer"), an adhesive layer (behind the outer layer) and an HHC barrier layer (behind the adhesive layer). Each layer is described separately below.
The refrigerator liner's structural layer can be virtually any formable polymeric material capable of withstanding the temperature changes and physical demands commonly associated with the inner lining of a refrigerator, freezer or the like. Useful such polymeric materials can include semiamorphous polymers, polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, high impact polystyrene, polycarbonate, acrylics, styrene-maleic anhydrride copolymers, polyvinyl chloride, and amorphous polyesters, such as glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate copolyesters.
Preferably, the structural layer comprises a styrene-based polymer, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymer ("ABS") or polystyrene modified by styrene butadiene rubber (also called, high impact polystyrene or "HIPS"). Such materials are particularly useful, because they are comparatively strong, tough and rigid, and they can also be easily thermoformed into three-dimensional shapes. The thickness of the outer layer will depend upon the particular application but will typically be about 0.25 to about 2.5 mm. The most preferred outer layer is HIPS or ABS.
Suitable adhesives include grafted copolymers of ethylene with one or more vinyl ester monomers or acid derivatives thereof; the grafting monomer preferably provides anhydride or carboxylic acid moieties to the copolymer. The more preferred vinyl ester monomers (or acids thereof) are those having one to seven carbon atoms, such as acetates, acrylates, methacrylates, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, and carboxylic acids (particularly acrylic or methacrylic acid) partially or wholly neutralized with ions (such as zinc or sodium).
Optionally, styrene polymers or copolymers can be blended with the ethylene copolymer. Suitable such styrene polymers include HIPS, ABS and styrene-acrylonitrile ("SAN").
Preferred adhesives include those prepared from ethylene vinyl acetate ("EVA") copolymers and EnBACO terpolymers, particularly EVA copolymers grafted with maleic anhydride. Critical to the present invention is that the copolymer be sufficiently compatible with the structural layer material to provide adequate adhesion which will withstand refrigerator liner manufacture (particularly thermoforming) and long term use. The adhesive layer can be quite thin, i.e., about 0.002 to about 0.25 mm (before thermoforming).
When a first component is "compatible" with a second component, it is intended to mean that the first component can be heat mixed with the second component without significantly diminishing the properties of the predominant component.
The preferred adhesive resins of the present invention comprise a blend of about 55 to about 100 weight percent ethylene vinyl acetate ("EVA") and about 0 to about 45 weight percent of a polystryrene polymer or copolymer. The EVA component is preferably an EVA copolymer grafted with a pendant anhydride, acid or acid derivative functionality. This grafted copolymer may be blended, if desired, with additional ungrafted EVA.
The grafted EVA preferably comprises about 3 to about 50 weight percent, more preferably about 15 to about 35 weight percent vinyl acetate. The grafted EVA copolymer can further comprise other comonomers, such as alkyl acrylates and methacrylates having alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and the like, propyl vinyl ether, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile. Preferred such comonomers are alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, particularly n-butyl acrylate. The comonomer selected from this group will preferably comprise about 0 to about 45 weight percent of the main chain of the copolymer.
If non-grafted EVA is also used, the amount of vinyl acetate in the nongrafted EVA should be within about 10 weight percent of the amount of vinyl acetate in the grafted EVA. Furthermore, the total amount of copolymerized vinyl acetate from both the grafted and ungrafted EVA should exceed about 13.5 weight percent of the adhesive polymer(s). The melt index of the copolymers(s) should be about 0.5 to about 40.
The grafting monomer can be any ethylenically unsaturated monomer, di or polycarboxylic acid or ethylenically unsaturated acid anhydrides, including derivatives of such acids or anhydrides. Examples include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic anhydride, maleic anhydride and dimethyl maleic anhydride. Maleic anhydride is most preferred.
Melt grafting can be done using a heated extruder, a Brabender™ or Bandbury™ mixer (or other similar type, mixing or kneading machine), roll mill or the like. The grafting may be carried out in the presence of a radical initiator, such as a suitable organic peroxide, organic perester, or organic hydroperoxide. The graft copolymers are recovered by any method which separates or utilizes the graft polymer that is formed. Thus the graft copolymer can be recovered in the form of precipitated fluff, pellets, powders and the like.
The amount of monomer grafted onto the EVA copolymer is not particularly limiting and may be as low as about 0.03 weight percent or as much as about 5 percent or even more, based on the weight of the grafted EVA copolymer. The total amount of graft comonomer in the total adhesive composition, however, is important and should be between about 0.03 and about 0.5 weight percent of the total composition.
The polymeric barrier layer must not only have excellent barrier properties towards hydrohalocarbons used as foam blowing agents, but it must also be suitable for thermoforming. Therefore, it should be thermoformable at a temperature compatible with the thermoforming conditions used for the structural polymer layer.
The barrier layer is preferably a vinyl alcohol polymer composition, preferably an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer composition, although other related polymers can also be used. For example, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate may be suitable for some applications; polyvinyl alcohol itself may be useful under certain circumstances, if it is adequately plasticized.
The preferred ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer composition is largely or entirely a copolymer of about 25 to about 60 mole percent ethylene monomer moieties and about 40 to about 75 mole percent vinyl alcohol (i.e. saponified vinyl acetate) monomer moieties. If barrier properties are particularly important, the copolymer will preferably comprise about 25 to about 45 mole percent ethylene monomer and about 65 to about 75 mole percent vinyl alcohol. If thermoformability is particularly important, the copolymer will preferably comprise about 35 to about 60, and more preferably about 40 to about 50 mole percent ethylene monomer.
Other alkenes, such as propylene, may also be used as part of the barrier copolymer. Optionally, additional comonomers can be used in amounts suitable to provide processability and toughness, such additional comonomers include vinyl acetate, acrylates, acrylic or methacrylic acid or their derivatives.
If the copolymer comprises less than about 40 mole percent vinyl alcohol, the barrier properties are generally diminished. If it comprises more than about 75 mole percent vinyl alcohol, processability is generally diminished, particularly the thermoprocessability. In either event, the copolymer becomes less suitable as a barrier layer for thermoformed structures.
The vinyl alcohol moieties preferably should be substantially completely saponified; for example, at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, or most preferably at least 98% or even 99% vinyl alcohol moieties should be saponified. Incomplete saponification generally leads to a reduction in barrier properties of the polymer, but can also lead to improved processability; for this reason, polymers with degrees of saponification as low as 80% can sometimes be used, depending upon the performance requirements of the end use application.
Alternatively, the barrier layer may be a blend of polymers. In particular, compositions of at least about 50 percent by weight of EVOH copolymer and up to about 50 percent by weight of a polyamide component provide improved thermoformability.
The barrier layer may also contain customary amounts (e.g up to about 30 weight percent) of other modifiers as are known in the art for improving toughness, processability, thermal stability and the like, especially polymeric modifiers such as polyolefins, ethylene copolymers, ionomers, vinyl ester polymers, polyesters, polyethers, polyurethanes, and elastomers. Modest amounts of fillers, especially plate-like fillers such as mica and talc, can be added to further improve the barrier properties of this layer provided they do not interfere with the thermoformability of the barrier layer.
The thickness of the barrier layer (after thermoforming) will depend on the degree of barrier protection that is desired and on the effectiveness of the barrier material itself. For use in a refrigerator liner, typical thicknesses will range from about 0.002 to about 00.5 mm, preferably about 0.01 to about 0.1 mm, and more preferably between about 0.025 to about 0.05, as measured after thermoforming. The thickness of the barrier layer before thermoforming is typically about 0.01 to 0.8 mm, preferably about 0.05 to 0.4 mm and more preferably about 0.075 to about 0.25. When thinner layers are used, proportionately greater permeation can occur; use of layers thicker than this generally provides little added protection and is generally less economical.
The adhesive layer and barrier layer are preferably combined as a single sheet, prepared by coextrusion. The sheet can then be laminated onto the structural polymer layer by known techniques. In a suitable lamination process, a film of EVOH and an adhesive layer is passed through a nip roll along with a melt of a structural polymer in a sheet extrusion process. The adhesive layer is in contact with a hot melt of the structural polymer layer.
The EVOH film should not be exposed to excessive heat from the molten structural polymer or from other sources before it enters the nip roll; otherwise the EVOH layer could soften and possibly wrinkle or sag. The film should be laminated under sufficient tension to maintain a flat surface. A similar lamination procedure can be employed using a subsequent polishing roll rather than a nip roll, provided that the surface of the sheet is sufficiently heated to provide good adhesion.
The barrier layer is normally applied to the structural layer by lamination, a manufacturing process which is well known to those skilled in the art, although other processes such as coextrusion, extrusion coating, spray coating, powder coating, or solution coating can be used.
A final structure according to the present invention is shown generally in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 1, layers 11, 13, and 15 are the structural layer, the barrier layer, and the adhesive layer, respectively. Layer 31 represents the regrind layer and is composed of a vinyl alcohol polymer (preferably ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer) from layer 13, the styrenic polymer from layer 11, and the adhesive from layer 15. Layer 31 can also include recycled material generated from layer 31 itself, which will normally be the case in a commercial operation.
The ability to recycle the regrind material as shown in FIG. 1 depends on selection of a material as the adhesive which will also serve to compatibilize the barrier material and the structural material so as to form a blend which retains reasonable structural strength.
Whenever a formed article such as a refrigerator liner is prepared from a sheet, there will necessarily be some excess material at the edges of the sheet after forming. This material must be trimmed away from the formed article and discarded or recycled in some appropriate way. A particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention permits this scrap material to be efficiently recycled.
An important aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the adhesive polymer capable of acting both as an adhesive and as a compatibilizer. That is, when a sufficient quantity of the adhesive polymer is present, scrap material (from the barrier layer and styrene based structural layer) can be reground and melted into a substantially uniform material for use as part of the structural layer.
Accordingly, the present invention encompasses a multiple layer structure comprising a layer of a styrenic structural polymer, as described above, a layer of a vinyl alcohol polymer composition, as described above, and a layer of the above-described polymeric compatibilizer or adhesive, which is present in a sufficient amount to compatibilize a melt blend prepared by grinding and melting the layers.
The present invention further comprises the process of preparing such a multiple layer structure with a regrind layer. This process specifically can include the steps of extruding at least one layer of the thermoformable structural polymer and at least one layer prepared from grinding and melting materials recovered from trimming of other such multiple layer structures, onto a preformed sheet of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and polymeric compatibilizer.
It is desirable that the melt comprising the regrind stream should be sufficiently well mixed in order to assure the maximum compatibilizing effect. It is also permissible to add a certain amount of virgin structural polymer to the regrind stream to maintain the "regrind" layer thickness, as will be apparent to a person skilled in the art.
Thermoforming is well known to those skilled in the art. It is particularly useful for forming shaped articles and is distinct from the initial melt processing step. The shaped articles of the present invention are preferably liners for refrigerators, freezers, and similar type insulated cabinets. The liners can be prepared by thermoforming a single composite sheet of structural and barrier polymers to form the back wall and the side, bottom, and top walls of the interior storage compartment.
A similar thermoforming process can be used to prepare the inner liner for the refrigerator door, which is also considered a part of the liner for purposes of this invention. The extent of deformation necessary to form a door liner is less than that for the refrigerator cavity itself, but most refrigerator doors do have a definite three-dimensional structure, with molded-in shelves and the like. Preferably, the barrier layer is at or slightly above its softening temperature during the thermoforming process.
The thickness of the multiple layer structure (prior to thermoforming) will depend upon the degree of drawing or stretching by the thermoforming process. For formation of a full refrigerator liner, the overall draw ratio may be a factor of 3-6x. Thus, to obtain a final liner with a total thickness of about 0.5 mm, the initial sheet should be at least about 3 mm in total thickness. This relationship can be readily adjusted as necessary by one skilled in the art.
A layer of foamed polymer is generally applied to the multiple layered refrigerator liner structure described above in such a way that the barrier layer is interposed between the foam and the structural layer. The layer of foamed polymer may be applied by methods known to those skilled in the art, but preferably by injection of the reactive polymers or polymer precursors plus blowing agent into a confined space bounded on one side by the above multiple layered structure and on the other side by another structural member, such as the steel casing of a refrigerator cabinet or the like.
Such an application is shown in FIG. 2, where 19 is the foam and 21 is the outer metal cabinet of the refrigerator or otherwise the second structural member (not drawn to scale). The foam can be any of a number of polymeric materials well known in the art, preferably a polyurethane. The blowing agent is a material which is designed to form cells in the polymeric material and thus convert it into a foam. (The blowing agent can also itself provide additional insulative value after the foaming is completed.)
Blowing agents are generally liquids at ordinary (ambient) temperatures and under pressure, but they readily form a gas upon release of pressure or upon heating. While hydrocarbons such as butane, pentane, and the like have been used as blowing agents, newly developed hydrohalocarbons are preferred for their relative inertness, environmental "friendliness", low flammability and toxicity, and low heat of vaporization.
Preferred hydrohalocarbon blowing agents include HCFC 123, CHCl2 CF3, and HCFC 141B (CHCl2 CH2 F). The present invention is capable of using foam derrived from hydrohalocarbon blowing agents, because the styrene-based outer layer is protected from the damaging nature of such materials due to the innovative combination of adhesive layer and barrier layer as described above.
When the present invention is used in the formation of a refrigerator liner, the thermoformed structure is assembled to an outer member, which is normally the outer metal body or shell of the refrigerator or the refrigerator door, shown in FIG. 3 as 21 and 21'. A clearance is maintained between the thermoformed structure and the outer shell, adequate to contain a customary amount of foamed polymeric insulation, 19 and 19'. The barrier layer faces this clearance or space.
A foamable polymeric composition is injected into the open space, by processes which are well known to those skilled in the art, so that the space between the outer shell and the inner liner (23 and 23') is effectively filled with insulating foam. Because of the presence of the barrier layer, the HCFC is substantially retained in the volume 19 defined by the liner 23 and the outer body 21. The HCFC blowing agent thus does not contact the structural layer of the refrigerator liner, which thereby remains free from HCFC-induced cracking, blistering or distortion.
The permeability of hydrohalocarbons through a layer of a variety of polymeric materials was measured by the process described in ASTM-D-1434, procedure M (November, 1982) except that a vacuum gauge rather than a manometer was used to measure differential vacuum. The materials measured were approximately 0.3-0.9 mm (0.01-0.03 inches) thick.
Steady state permeation coefficient for hydrofluorocarbon 134A (CH2 FCF3) through polymeric materials, measured at 93° C., are reported in Table I, and for hydrochlorofluorocarbon 123 (CHCl2 CF3) in Table II. The results show that ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer exhibits barrier properties to these hydrohalocarbons which are about an order of magnitude better than those of many other commonly used barrier materials. Although some samples of polyesters appear to exhibit good barrier properties (Table II), such materials do not exhibit the ease of thermoformability required for many applications. For example, they often exhibit significantly higher forming temperatures than those of ABS or HIPS (about 145°-160° C. for ABS). It is believed that good barrier properties are more uniformly and reproducibly achievable using EVOH.
TABLE I______________________________________HFC 134A PermeationEx. Polymer Coefficienta______________________________________1 EVOH (32 mol % ethylene) 0.0342 blend of EVOH of Ex. 1 (80%) + 0.036 amorphous polyamideb (20%)3 blend of EVOH of Ex. 1 (60%) + 0.04 ionomerc (40%)4 blend of EVOH of Ex. 1 (50%) + 0.05 ionomerc (42.5%) + E/nBA/GMA terpolymerd (6%)5 3 layers: EVOH of Ex. 1 (0.1 mm) + 0.04 adhesivee (0.04 mm) + polypropylene (0.1 mm)C1 butadiene/acrylonitrile rubber 13C2 nylon 66,6 copolymer with 18% 1.79 n-butylbenzene sulfonamide plasticizerC3 nylon 6 toughened with 19% EPDM 0.21 rubber and compatibilizerC4 Nylon 12 0.52C5 Nylon 1212 0.64C6 Crystalline polyethylene 0.13 terephthalate (annealed)______________________________________ a 10-10 (cm3STP)(cm)/(sec)(cm2)(cmHg) b amorphous polyamide is the copolymer of hexamethylenediamine with 70 percent isophthalic acid and 30 percent terephthalic acid. c terpolymer of ethylene, 24 wt. % nbutyl acrylate, and 9 wt. % methacrylic acid, 70% neutralized with zinc ions. d terpolymer containing 26 wt. % nbutyl acrylate and 1.4 wt. % glycidyl methacrylate. (The blend also contains 1% Zn stearate and 0.5% Irganox ™ 1010 antioxidant.) e polypropylene grafted with 0.11% maleic anhydride.
TABLE II______________________________________HCFC 123Ex. Polymer Permeation Coefficienta______________________________________6 EVOH (32 mol % E) 0.1217 EVOH (44 mol % E) 0.026C7 high density polyethylene 19.7with CaCO3 fillerC8 Modified PET with ionomer 3.34and low dens. polyethyleneC9 PET, 0.7 i.v., with ionomer 0.035and low dens. polyethylene C10 PET, i.v. 0.68 0.016 C11 Modified polyester of ethylene 0.011glycol with terephthalic andisophthalic acids (ca. 92/8) C12 Modified polyester similar to 0.002C12 (t/i ratio ca. 86/14)______________________________________ a 10-10 (cm3STP)(cm)/(sec)(cm2)(cmHg)
Samples of a polymer (ABS) which is subject to solvent stress cracking were prepared in the form of injection molded flex bars, 127 mm×13 mm×3.2 mm. For Examples 5 and 6 the flex bar was laminated with the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer of Example 1. The test bar was placed between two sheets of EVOH each about 0.76 mm thick (without adhesive) and this structure was placed in a mold in a heated press. The resulting lamination covered both faces and the edges of the test bar. Each sample was held in a three-point metal jig which imparted 3% bending strain to the bar. The jig and the sample bar were placed in a covered glass jar which contained HCFC 123 (CHCl2 CF3). The sample was held above the liquid so that it was exposed only to the solvent vapors. The results are shown in Table III.
TABLE III______________________________________Ex. Sample Results______________________________________C13 ABS ("Cycolac ™ cracked through in ca. 3 DFA-1000R") minutes.C14 ABS (Monsanto) started to crack in 4 minutes badly cracked at 9 minutes, fully cracked through at 13 minutes.8 ABS of C9 + EVOH surface whitening behind the lamination EVOH layer, with cracks developing over time.9 Repeat of Ex. 3 severely cracked after 1 hour (appears to initiate at flaws in lamination.)______________________________________
(An experiment in which coating of ABS by EVOH was attempted by solvent dipping resulted in severe cracking within 6 minutes, presumably because of incomplete coating by the EVOH.)
Two- or three-layer films were prepared by extrusion lamination of a 127 micrometer (5 mil) layer of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer containing 44 mole percent copolymerized ethylene to a layer 127 micrometers (5 mil) thick of an adhesive composition (Film A) or to two layers, each 64 micrometers (2.5 mils) thick of the adhesive composition, one layer on each side of the EVOH layer (Film B). In both cases the adhesive composition was a blend of 80 parts of a copolymer of ethylene with 28 weight % n-butyl acrylate and 14 weight % CO, grafted with 1.0 weight % maleic anhydride 20 parts of an ungrafted copolymer of ethylene, 30 wt. % n-butyl acrylate, and 10 wt. % CO, melt index 100 dg/min.
The films can be used directly in lamination with an ABS sheet to provide a multiple layer structure in which the graft copolymer blend serves as an adhesive layer. To demonstrate regrind capability, samples of Film A and Film B, respectively, were cut into pieces about 1 cm square and dry blended with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer ("ABS," Cyclolac™ N14 from General Electric Plastics) in the proportions indicated in Table VI. The dry blends were melt blended and then formed into test plaques as described above, and Gardner impact strength (ASTM D-3029) was measured. The results, reported in Table VI, indicate that the adhesive layer functions as a compatibilizer in the melt blend to provide blends with good impact strength.
TABLE VI______________________________________ ABS, Film A, Film B, ImpactEx. % % % Strengtha______________________________________C15 100 0 0 35.210 91 9 0 ≧36.111 91 0 9 34.7______________________________________ a in Nm
Examples 12, and C16 were prepared by the following procedures:
1. the ingredients were dry blended in either pellet form or ground up film form and melt mixed in a 28 mm twin screw extruder compound mixing process to produce pellets;
2. the pellets were injection molded into 1/8th inch by 3 inch by 5 inch plaques for the gardner Impact test.
The impact test results show the compatibilization efficienies in toughness recovery; un-compatibilized blends of HIPS and EVOH were brittle.
______________________________________ C-161 EXAMPLE 121______________________________________HIPS 7100 4000FBC T10039* 114GARDNER IMPACT,IN-LB AT RT 175 173-10 C. 91 115______________________________________ 1 Amounts indicated are in grams *Ground HIPS compatibilizer (5 mil:5 mil) multilayer film to provide 61.2 gm of EVOH (44 mole % ethylene) and 52.8 gm of HIPS compatibilizer. The HIPS compatibilzer is a blend of maleic anhydride grafted EVA, polystryene, and tackifiers.
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OTTAWA, Canada—Former United Nations officer Bob Simmonds attended Shen Yun Performing Arts at the National Arts Centre on Saturday afternoon and was impressed by the acclaimed classical Chinese dance and music production.
"It's a tremendous show," he said. "The show is really amazing."
His wife Susanne Sarault, a singer and jazz/ballet dancer, said it's a performance that everyone should see.
"[Shen Yun] is absolutely fabulous. If anybody hasn't seen this before, they have to come see it," she said.
Mr. Simmonds travelled to China on a mission when with the UN, and said Shen Yun offers a glimpse into the country's 5,000-year history.
According to its website, Shen Yun aims to revive five millennia of divinely inspired Chinese traditional culture—a culture that has been largely destroyed under decades of communist rule.
The New York-based group seeks to renew the ancient heritage through dance and music that is true to the culture's deep spiritual essence with its values of compassion, propriety, wisdom, honour, sincerity, and reverence for the divine.
"It's such an ancient society and there is a lot we don't know because it goes back so many years. And it's nice to know as well that there are a lot of values and a lot of principles of life that is part of [traditional Chinese] society," said Ms. Sarault.
"It is very profound, very philosophical; a very different way of looking at life."
Mr. Simmonds enjoyed Shen Yun's digitally animated backdrops, which act as moving landscapes to provide vivid context for the story-based dances.
"I thought it was tremendously well done," he said.
"The colours and the technical aspect of the dancing and the special effects with the screen—I've never seen that before," said his wife.
Reporting by Pam McLennan and Justina Wheale.
New York-based Shen Yun Performing Arts has three touring companies that perform simultaneously around the world. Shen Yun's New York Company will be in Ottawa until Dec. 30 before going on to Montreal, Toronto, and other cities in eastern Canada.
For more information, visit ShenYunPerformingArts.org
The Epoch Times publishes in 35 countries and in 20 languages. Subscribe to our e-newsletter.


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Provides a quick first exposure to iOS development by stepping through the process of creating a simple tip calculation app, while introducing many iOS development terms and concepts.
Demonstrates effective use of iOS unit testing tools and techniques to increase app stability.
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Language warning: This women votes.
Oh my damn….
That makes me sad for my country and I wonder where these people live? I'm from Tennessee and it takes a lot of searching to find one of these gems.
Drive an hour or two out of any major city in this country and you'll run smack into people just like this. Doesn't matter where you are.
Squuuuuuuuuueeeeellllllll like a pig, boy.
This woman gives kissin' cousins in the Ozarks a bad name. she is downright d u m dumb.
I feel sorry for the dog.
Language Warning: This woman votes DRUNK AND STUPID
Notice the guy sitting behind her? He keeps trying to hide from the camera. Must be wanted for child molestation.
I live in Tennessee too and I can tell you this…people like her are all over this state unfortunately. At first, I thought it was my neighbors. Scary stuff.
However ridiculous, that lady actually may be on to something…