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You're seeing it here first: Funko's upcoming Boba Fett (Prototype), a Walgreens exclusive, which will be in stores this September!
This comes to us from the inside and, since they're huge Fett fans, the Boba Fett Fan Club got the scoop!
The figure is part of a four figure exclusive Star Wars classic wave. We're told that Walgreens will be ordering a ton and the plan is to keep it on shelves for at least a year.
Funko has made many bobble-head figures and objects. This surely won't be the last.
This also isn't the first Walgreens Boba Fett exclusive. Last year, they came out with the Prototype Boba Fett within Hasbro's "The Black Series." While there were some hassles with the online pre-order, the figure was a big hit in stores and kept getting re-stocked for a long while. This time around, there won't be any online pre-orders.
This also marks our 500th photo-of-the-day in as many days in a row. Woo-hoo!
This year's San Diego Comic Con — which runs July 8 (preview night) through July 12 — has a handful of Boba Fett exclusives. Here's your checklist, Boba Fett fans!
ANOVOS has their brand-new "Empire" Boba Fett prop helmet replica on display at their booth! We shared a photo on Facebook, shot by Ken Morgan on Instagram.
Hot Toys is showing off a new sixth scale "Empire" Boba Fett. This is their second release, following a "Jedi" quarter scale figure. See Rebelscum.net for some great photos, taken on opening day (July 9).
Sideshow Collectibles will be showing (but not selling) the brand-new Ralph McQuarrie Boba Fett Concept Statue. Don't miss it!
Hasbro has their Hero Masher Boba Fett on display. See Rebelscum.net for a picture, taken on preview night (July 8).
Are panels more your thing? Here are some tips on which panels to attend, which very well might name-drop Boba Fett:
Stop by the fan booths to say hello to our friends at 501st (booth MZ-17) and Mandalorian Mercs Costume Club (booth MZ-16)!
First announced (and shown in sketch form) at Star Wars Celebration Anaheim, Sideshow Collectibles announced yesterday on social media that their McQuarrie Boba Fett Concept Statue will both be on display at San Diego Comic Con but also ready for pre-order soon.
Sideshow will be at Exhibitor Booth #1929, according to the SDCC website.
Our video interview series from Star Wars Celebration Anaheim wraps up today with the best for last: Jeremy Bulloch.
We talk to the original man behind the mask of Boba Fett to learn more about what happened when, who said what, and how great it was to be in each scene of "The Empire Strikes Back" and "Return of the Jedi."
"The Twelve Parsec Stare" is the latest Boba Fett fan film — one of at least 73 fan films that fans have made, complete with costumes, sets, or other production value. This new short film was self-produced by Ruined Films, a Finnish production company. They wanted to make a short film that blended sci-fi and Western genres and shot this in a week. Here's the synopsis:
Boba Fett, the infamous intergalactic bounty hunter, has tracked his next prey into a dusty saloon in the outskirts of a remote space port. In the shadows of the busy space bar the hunter confronts his target's three sinister henchmen. Who will blink first?
Today, the "Western" Boba Fett film has its world premiere on YouTube:
We spoke with Teemu Valve, who worked as a producer as well as in the prop and costuming departments of the film.
Tell us about the "The Twelve Parsec Stare" fan film and how it's unique among other Star Wars and specifically Boba Fett fan films. What drove you all to making a fan film around Fett?
The Twelve Parsec Stare is both a fan film and a technical showcase and something we've been planning for a long time. Our first ambition was to make a Western short film with the genre's usual lingering atmosphere and style of cinematography. Star Wars universe is something the director (and of course us all!) had wanted to recreate from his early childhood, which took the planning towards the genre combination. The idea was to tell an imaginative Star Wars story in a way the classic Western movies would have told it. The rumours about the oncoming Boba Fett spinoff film also initiated our spark into getting there first!
Boba Fett's costume looks unique to your film, rather than intentionally representing one of the film-accurate or prototype costumes. Did your team build the costume just for the movie or did someone already have something that was then modified? What kind of helmet was procured or built? Who did the paint and/or build, and how long did it take?
Our Boba costume is indeed a "conversion" of the Empire Strikes Back version, which was modified a bit for our needs. It's actually my personal costume, originally created for the trooping use in the service of the worldwide Star Wars costuming organization The 501st Legion. The fan-made costume was assembled and painted by myself, although the helmet seen in the movie footage was painted by my legion friend BH-11380. We had a total of three helmets in our wardrobe, just in case. The making of the costume was a 14 months journey.
The most visible modification to the costume is the poncho, which drew its inspiration from Clint Eastwood's attire as the "Man with no name" as well as from Jango Fett production pictures and the Mythos Boba Fett statue created by Sideshow Collectibles. As our film is a crossover between Star Wars and classic Spaghetti Western we felt that it would be an appropriate detail mod for the Fett costume. We also believe that Western influences were something they had in mind when creating Boba's character in the first place!
How does the costume hold up and move in the fight scenes? Jeremy Bulloch and other actors have always commented on how cumbersome it was; maybe you all agree or disagree. Or maybe you all changed it up to move more. Or did you make a stunt suit?
The costume is certainly quite heavy in the long-time use and the filming days took their toll on the actor. The armor limits the mobility of the person wearing it, so we had to plan the scenes and the choreography accordingly. Where we could (thanks to the camera angles or composition choice) we lightened the suit by removing the kneepads, shoes or the jetpack for a moment to make it a bit easier for the actor. There's always some wear and tear to the filming process as well and we needed to make some field repairs now and then. Luckily we didn't experience any major accidents and the costume held up through the action!
Since the project is a portfolio piece for Ruined Films, what's your favorite part overall about its production that took everything up a notch? Any details specific to producing and/or art departments, like the props or costumes?
This is an interesting question, for we work with a really compact crew. Because of this everyone in the team gets to see and participate actively in different production phases. For example our director is also the visual effects artist and the editor was busy working in the prop and set departments of the film too. I think each film we make is better than the last one as the gathered progress in practical filmmaking process and in team spirit can be put into the use in the following project. Making a movie without an actual budget also pushes the team into creativity and making out of the box solutions, which is actually pretty useful in the end!
This was the first time we had a chance to include a proper extra cast in the production and we feel it really made a difference in how the scene looks. If we'd have to name a favorite part in what made the film and most of its production value, it would have to be the great set, with the props we managed to put together and the magnificent extras who were kind enough to help us during the film's principal photography.
Announced earlier today on the official Topps Star Wars page on Facebook is an exclusive, oversized Boba Fett card. It's an SDCC 2015 exclusive.
Their announcement revealed it's part of a set of larger cards:
"Topps will have 10 sets of oversized cards featuring classic Star Wars characters on iconic Topps designs. Find us at Booth 2913-J."
It's unclear if this oversized card is part of the same 10″ x 14″ series that Topps recently marketed as wall art. Those prints retail for $99.
(Helmet nod to The Collectors Cantina for the heads up about this announcement.)
Just announced on the official Star Wars website is their second San Diego Comic Con 2015 exclusive, a Boba Fett Prototype Mini Bust.
The Gentle Giant site includes a little more information about the release. The 1:6 scale bust has a limited edition of 750.
If you're not attending SDCC, you have to be a member of Gentle Giant's club in order to put in a pre-order. (Premier Guild Collector's Club costs $80 per year to join.)
From the manufacturer:
In the summer of 1980, The Empire Strikes Back introduced us to one of modern cinemas most recognizable characters, Boba Fett. A man of few words, the gritty bounty hunter quickly made his mark despite having roughly 3 minutes of screen time in his debut film. The character had long been teased by Lucasfilm as far back as 1978, appearing in animated form and as a costumed character in parades and special events across the country.
This is one of many Boba Fett items from Gentle Giant over the years. View them all in our Bounty database.
First announced and shown at Star Wars Celebration Anaheim, JAKKS Pacific announced today the price and details for their upcoming Boba Fett figure, exclusively available at the 2015 San Diego Comic Con.
It will retail for $50 at the convention. It's expected to be a limited edition of 1,000.
UPDATE 7/6: MTV News has an exclusive look today at more publicity photos, including the boxed figure. Here are some of the best shots:
Here are two of the photos we took at SWCA:
Here's the official product description:
Boba Fett, Legendary Mandalorian Bounty Hunter has a long and colorful history. While many fans remember him from The Empire Strikes Back as well as his animate debut in The Star Wars Holiday Special, his true first appearance was as a member of the Star Wars delegation in the San Anselmo County Fair on September 24, 1978! At the time, Lucasfilm was headquartered at 52 Park Way in San Anselmo, about twenty minutes north of San Francisco. As part of harvest parade, Darth Vader and for the first time in public, Boba Fett, marched throughout the street waving to fans of all ages. The armor was worn by assistant film editor Duwayne Dunham and featured several noticeable difference such as the brightly colored blue jump suit, yellow and red armor highlights, as well as the "tribal marks" on his helmet; all altered for his later film appearances. JAKKS Pacific is excited to celebrate this legendary character and offer an articulated action figure of First Appearance Boba Fett or the first time ever! It will cost $50 and will be sold in the Lucasfilm Pavilion in the JAKKS area where you can also come to pick up an amazing Star Wars action figure art card with photography by Stephen Hayford.
This will be the second Boba Fett figure from JAKKS Pacific.
Helmet nod to the unofficial SDCC blog for the heads up.
Just announced on the Gentle Giant website is their San Diego Comic Con 2015 exclusive, a Boba Fett Droids Jumbo Figure.
It will retail for $100 at the convention. Those not attending the convention need to be members of Gentle Giant's "Premiere Guild" in order to have an opportunity to buy direct.
In 1985, everyone's favorite protocol droid and astromech droid starred in their own animated TV series. Star Wars: Droids, featured R2-D2 and C-3PO on their early adventures that took place before Star Wars: Episode IV: A New Hope. The series also featured the appearance of Boba Fett himself!
This will be the third jumbo figure to include Boba Fett. Back in 2013, Gentle Giant released a Boba Fett Rocket Firing Jumbo Kenner Action Figure and also a Jumbo Holiday Yoda, which had a mini Boba Fett in the Christmas bag.
[UPDATED 6/24: The individual Boba Fett figure, without needing to buy a platform-specific game, will be available in January 2016, according to two tweeta from John Vignocchi, VP of Production on Disney Infinity 3.0.]
Moments ago, the official Disney Infinity page on Facebook just confirmed Boba Fett's role and release in the new game, Disney Infinity 3.0, and its "Rise Against The Empire" play set. He'll be on Sony Playstation before being available on other gaming systems starting around the end of the year.
[UPDATED 6/17: You can now pre-order the Saga Bundle on Amazon, which includes Boba Fett:
Here's the official announcement at E3 by Disney Infinity's VP of Production, Johnny Vignocchi. Jump to around the 3 minute mark for the full effect, complete with "BOBA FETT" on the giant screens at the event:
Here's an excerpt from the official press release, which also hosted many new screenshots of Boba Fett:
One of the most feared bounty hunters in the galaxy, Boba Fett will use his martial arts skills and blaster rifle to help the Galactic Empire hunt and track down prey. Instantly playable in the updated and enhanced Disney Infinity 3.0 Toy Box, Boba Fett is also unlockable in all of the Star Wars Play Sets.
He also appears in the official trailer, released today to coincide with E3 events this week:
ComicBook.com has some clarity about the release:
[I]f you want to play with him before the Holidays, you can only do that on PlayStation platforms. The character will be part of the Sony-exclusive Special Edition, which will also include the Original Trilogy-era playset a month before it hits shelves for any other platform or the public. … The Special Edition will hit the same day as the general release of the game, which also comes with the Twilight of the Republic Clone Wars-era play set this fall, and is available for pre-order now.
The figure was also at E3 for journalists:
Here's the publicity photo / render for the figure:
There's even more within a post-announcement interview with Johnny Vignocchi done on YouTube Live at E3. Jump to around 3 minutes in before they show the additional game footage:
(Helmet nod to BFFC fan Gustavo Perez for giving us the heads up on the initial promotional graphics, and to Twitter user angelos_giorgos for the Vignocchi links.)


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Natural hot mineral water (37 degrees Celsius) gushing out of a metal pipe in Temerin, Serbia.
Recorded with Zoom H4n. Please rate, comment and share. In case you download some of my sounds and use them in your audiovisual artwork, the only thing I ask from you is to let me know where and how they ended up. It would be a pleasure. Please feel free to send me a private message if you have any questions or suggestions. I really try to keep an open mind for everything. Thank you. Peace. Matt
I'll be using this in a Second Life demonstration. I need the sound of water flowing out of a pipe and this is great!
Thanks for the quality sound, Matt!
I'm thinking of using it in our indie RPG Driftmoon, possibly in a lava fountain, after I make some small changes. Let's see how it turns out. :)
Hello Tomlija,
Im gonna try to pitch this down and create a "Lava" sound.
Thinking I might use this in my degree show installation, maybe mixed with some other sounds. I'll see how it goes. Cheers Matt.
That is definitely an excellently detailed sound. Those h4n's are bomb that's for sure, at least for a consumer grade recorder. Good work :)
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subset: commoncrawl


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How Do I Clean The Inside And Outside Of A Throttle Body On My Subaru OutbackPosted in Internal Engine Parts
Can someone please provide me with a manual or website that directs me how to locate, remove (clean) and safely replace the throttle body?
Can someone please provide me with a manual or website that directs me how to locate, remove (clean) and safely replace the throttle body?
The throttle body is between the plastic intake hose and the engine. You there will be a cable running to it, that is controled by the gas pedal.
You can buy some throttle body cleaner spray…the reason to clean the outside it to make sure the throttle cable operates freely. you should be able to remove the plastic intake hose, and spray some of the cleaner inside, while moving the throttle cable to make the butterfly valve move.
reassemble, and start the car, and see if it runs better!
If you go to a auto parts store or even Wal-Mart. Get some Carb cleaner or Carb and Choke cleaner. It is a very good cleaner for just what you want to clean. It evaporates fast so there is no residue and no mistakes. Be careful it is flammable.
There is just 4 bolts to remove it and unplug the sensors (do not remove the sensors, just unplug them) you will need to get a throttle body gasket because once you remove the old one it is not reusable (its like $6-10). The biggest pain the butt is removing the accelerator cables.
Here is the website http://www.stage-infinity.com/2008/03/24/the-wrx-throttle-body-assembly/ ^(http://www.carparts21.com/goto/http://www.stage-infinity.com/2008/03/24/the-wrx-throttle-body-assembly/)
There is a picture to help you locate it, look at the surrounding things and this will help you to locate the throttle body.
Good Luck!


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|Interceptor® (milbemycin oxime) Flavor Tabs® is a weapon against the four most common parasites that can harm your pet.
|Interceptor Flavor Tabs protect your pet with the same medication that is trusted #1 by veterinarians for their own dogs.1 And they have a great, beefy flavor that your pet will love.
|1. Data on file. Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. - NAH.JE.002
|Puppies are cute. Theyre also lucky. Click the puppy button to find out why.
|Click here to learn about four common parasites.
|ah.novartis.us / Contact Us / Terms of Use / Privacy Policy / Product Label


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Creating a strategic corporate responsibility program
The brief:
SEEK had organically developed a range of Corporate Responsibility (CR) initiatives from its early days, such as SEEK Volunteer and its matched-giving program called Bright Futures. Making a positive contribution to the community is seen as something that is in the company's "DNA", however, it wished to gain more value from these investments, prioritise them in the businessand to integrate them into a more focused and strategic approach to CR long term.
Our solution:
Due to the wide range of views internally on the strategic relevance of CR, and the need (or otherwise) for a larger strategic program, Futureye led SEEK through a five-stage process of inquiry and development. This process was designed to gain wide-spread buy-in to the resulting CR plan and whole-of-organisation engagement.
To provide structure Futureye applied its Strategic Framework throughout, to conduct research into current state and best practice, facilitate a cross-functional brainstorm (the group which formed the CR Steering Committee), which led to the articulation of the CR vision, criteria and a wide-range of proposed initiatives. Futureye assisted with the development of a three-year CR plan.
The result:
SEEK had all it required to develop and benefit from a new strategic approach to CR. The company's Executive Team approved the three-year plan and work is underway on the priority initiatives and to engage all SEEK staff in their development. In the first year, SEEK reported a number of benefits in aims to grow their volunteer program, reduce their ecological footprint, and increase participation in the Bright Futures program.


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One Pig, by Matthew Herbert is an album of music made exclusively from sounds recorded during the life cycle of a single farm animal, from birth to plate.
Here Herbert talks about his motivations for the project and the process of making it, with unseen footage from the recording process.
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By Terri Moon CronkAmerican Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, May 21, 2011 The nation's military is built and sustained on the strength of families, First Lady Michelle Obama told the U.S. Military Academy's Class of 2011 and their families at a banquet last night in West Point, N.Y., on the eve of today's graduation ceremonies.
No matter where their careers take them, Obama told the graduating cadets, their families will be right alongside them, "because our force is a force of families."
The first lady reminded the cadets that regardless of their backgrounds, they've all had someone who taught them the values and lessons that will sustain them when times get tough or they're unsure of what's ahead.
"I want you to know that these people will always be there for you," she said. "As I've seen in my own life and heard from troops all across this world, your family will be your rock, whether they're right next to you or across an ocean."
Family, Obama told the audience, has a special meaning for the cadets as emerging leaders for the Army and the nation. She singled out Cadet Russ Burgin, noting he was inspired by his father, who continued to work to support his family while undergoing chemotherapy and radiation treatments.
"Today, his dad is cancer-free, and Cadet Burgin is here at West Point, the best place he could imagine to live out the values that his father demonstrated every day," the first lady said.
She also recognized Cadet Woo Do, a first-generation American. "Growing up," Obama said, "he'd accompany his grandfather on doctor visits as a translator, and that's how he developed his passion for medicine – a passion that will take him to Harvard Medical School next year."
Many of the graduating cadets came from military backgrounds, Obama said, including Cadets Christina Veney and Megan Snook, who each have multiple family members who have graduated from the U.S. Military Academy. "And [Cadet] Erin Anthony," she added, can trace her family's military history to the 1600s."
All of the cadets, the first lady said, succeeded at the academy in part because of the support they received from their families.
"Without your families, you never would have had the strength to tackle Beast Barracks while your peers were enjoying a final, carefree summer before college," Obama said. "They've been there for you for every moment of triumph and every moment of challenge. Their unending love and support provide the very foundation that allows you to stand strong today."
The values the cadets brought to West Point are reflected in their success, Obama noted.
"It is very clear to me that you all reflect everything we hope to see in ourselves and our country – firmness of character and strength of heart, a strong body and a ferocious mind, a devotion to country and to family," she said.
The cadets knew what they were facing as they made their way toward graduation, the first lady said, praising them for pressing on.
"You have seen cadets from the classes ahead of you pack their bags for Afghanistan or Iraq. … You hear updates not only from headlines and newsfeeds, but from emails and cell phone calls from friends," she said. "You've visited wounded friends, you've heard the bugle's call each time a graduate of this academy has fallen in our wars. Yet you stayed anyway."
Speaking to the parents at the family banquet, Obama said she could only imagine their feeling of pride.
"But as a parent, I can also imagine what else might be on your mind tonight," she added. "All of you read the news. All of you understand what your children have signed up for. You know what their next assignment is, and in the back of your mind, you're wondering where the assignments after that might take them."
Their concerns are natural, she said, and are a testament to parental strength, patriotism and unconditional love.
As the graduating cadets move on to their military careers, Obama said, they will find that family will continue to be an important part of their lives and culture. Today's military families have husbands and wives both pursuing careers and raising children, often still finding time for night school, she said, and their children move from town to town, always adjusting to new schools and making new friends.
Parents of service members wake up every morning and pray their child comes home safely, she continued, and Gold Star families honor the memory of their loved ones while channeling their strength into serving others.
"Graduates, here's why your role is so important," Obama said. "You'll serve not just for yourselves, and not just for your own families, but for these families, too. You'll help your troops deal with the joy of a newborn and the disappointment of not being in the delivery room. You'll help a soldier cope with a family emergency halfway around the world. You'll see again and again that those family relationships are just as important to a soldier's success as anything that you can provide them in the field."
The leadership and support the troops need also is something their families need, the first lady said, because they sacrifice and serve the nation alongside anyone who wears the U.S. uniform. While Americans see troops in uniform at a grocery store or airport and can thank them, she noted, family members just blend in.
And because only 1 percent of the U.S. population serves in the military, the first lady added, many Americans don't know many military families.
"They aren't familiar with the resilience it takes to get through a long deployment," she said. "They don't know the courage it takes simply to turn on the evening news. They don't fully realize the strength you need to move your family for the fourth or fifth or sixth time in a decade."
She assured cadets and their families that while most people don't know what it's like to serve, or how to help, they do want to help.
The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, calls that support "the Sea of Goodwill," the first lady said, adding that she and Dr. Jill Biden, wife of Vice President Joe Biden, have channeled that willingness to help into the national "Joining Forces" campaign, calling on Americans to recognize, honor and support military families -- not only with just words, but also with deeds.
"We want your families to feel these efforts on the ground, in your daily lives," the first lady said. "We're working across sectors, asking everyone from government and business to faith communities and school districts to make a commitment to you and your families."
People across the country from all walks of life already have stepped up to help, including many large corporations and nonprofit organizations, Obama said.
"When I meet a member of Congress or a powerful chief executive officer and ask for their help, I have been blown away by their enthusiasm," she said. "They all want to help, they're excited to do it, and we haven't had one single person tell us no."
The country is asking a lot of the graduates once they pin on the gold bars of a second lieutenant, Obama said.
"We're not asking you to do it alone," she added, noting that in addition to the support of their families and friends, they have millions of Americans behind them as well.
"From my husband right on down through the ranks of this military, from those powerful CEOs to all of the teachers, clergy and neighbors you deal with every day, we all want to give something back to you and your families because we are inspired by you," she said. "We're inspired by the character reflected in your acceptance to this academy, and by the courage to serve during a time of war."
The first lady urged the graduating cadets to go forward with confidence in their education and in the nation.
"Alongside everything else you have learned and experienced here at the academy, the calculus and Shakespeare, the intramurals and leadership training, I ask you to remember that family has always been a centerpiece of our American story. Remember that this country and all of its citizens stand ready to serve you and your families," she said. "And I want you to remember that as long as we all do our duty, as long as we all serve with honor, then the fate of this country will never be in doubt."
Related Articles:Mullen: New Army Officers Should be Soldiers, Statesmen
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Rackspace Cloud Backup - Create a backup
Getting Started with Rackspace Cloud Backup - Part 2
To create a backup
- Log in to the Cloud control panel.
- In the top naviagation bar, select Backups > Systems.
- On the Cloud Backup Systems page, click the name of the server for which you want to create a backup.
Note: If you do not see your server listed on this page, you must install the backup agent on the server. If you have an account with the Managed Operations service level, check with your account manager to install the agent. If your account has a different service level, begin with the instructions in How to Install the Agent.
- On the Configure Backup page, configure the following items and then click Next Step.
- Enter a name for the backup.
- Under Schedule, specify a schedule for the backup and select how many prior backup versions to retention.
- Under Notifications, specify the email address for notifications and select whether you want notification of successful backups.
- Specify which items (subfolders) to back up in the Select Items to Backup area and then click Next Step.
Note: Cloud Backup is used for backing up your own files, not the full operating system. In the event you need to restore data, you will only need to restore your files not ALL of the Operating system files. If you need a backup of the operating system you can take an image of your server. For more information on restoring a server from an image, see Create an image of a server and restore a server from a saved image.
- Confirm the backup agent is set up correctly and then click Save.
On the next page in this guide, you will learn How to View Backup Information.
© 2015 Rackspace US, Inc.
Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License
See license specifics and DISCLAIMER


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Information security is the process of protecting and defending information systems to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data to authorized users. Information assurance is a broader term that encompasses information security activities in addition to strategic and corporate governance issues including privacy, regulatory and standards compliance, physical security, risk management, business continuity, and disaster recovery.
San Antonio (and Central Texas) is nationally recognized as a "cybersecurity hub" and a leader in the field of information assurance, both from a military and civilian perspective. The U.S. Air Force's Cyber Command is located in San Antonio. Jobs in cyber security are projected to grow twice as fast as the average for all occupations in the economy between the years 2008 and 2018. Due to technology's continually growing role in our everyday lives, this is a field that will only increase in relevance over the coming years.
Check out this list of the 20 coolest careers in information security and assurance, compiled by SANS:
Information retrieved from http://www.statesman.com/news/technology/central-texas-bids-to-make-itself-commercial-hub-o/nRhhf/.
Network AdministratorBobby YeaterProgram CoordinatorPhone: (210) 486-4061Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Office: MLH-201
Information Security & AssuranceMadison NyeProgram CoordinatorPhone: (210) 486-4060mail: email@example.com
Emily Coppin
Administrative Secretary
Phone: (210) 486-4352Fax: (210) 486-9097Email: firstname.lastname@example.com: MLH-201
Heather McCreery
Academic Chair, Workforce Programs
Phone: (210) 486-4360Email: firstname.lastname@example.com: MLH-201A
3535 N. Ellison Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78251 (210) 486-4000


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A lightweight foot prosthesis is claimed, having a foot, an ankle joint connected to the foot and capable of motion about a transverse axis, forward and rear snubbers for limiting rotation of the ankle joint, and a connector for connecting the ankle joint to a leg. The ankle joint preferably comprises a body having a bore, and a shell having an integral axle, with the axle extending pivotally through the bore.
1. A lightweight foot prosthesis, comprising:
a foot;
an ankle joint affixed to said foot and capable of rotation about a transverse axis, said joint comprising a body having a transverse bore therethrough and a shell, said shell including an integral axle extending through said bore such that said shell is pivotable with respect to said body, said axle and said shell being monolithic;
means for connecting said body to said foot; and
means for connecting said shell to a leg.
2. The foot prosthesis according to claim 1 wherein said foot has a heel, a toe, and a raised instep.
3. The foot prosthesis according to claim 2 wherein said foot comprises a single piece of molded polymer.
4. The foot prosthesis according to claim 1 wherein said joint further includes a liner mounted between said body and said axle.
5. The foot prosthesis according to claim 4 wherein said joint further includes a bearing mounted between said body and said axle.
6. The foot prosthesis according to claim 5 wherein said axle is bonded to said bearing such that tilting of the shell causes said bearing to swivel within said liner.
7. The foot prosthesis according to claim 1, further including means for limiting rotation of said ankle joint.
8. The foot prosthesis according to claim 7 wherein said rotation limiting means is mounted between said shell and said foot.
9. The foot prosthesis according to claim 1 wherein said shell comprises a composite of glass fiber and epoxy.
10. The foot prosthesis according to claim 9 wherein said integral axle comprises glass fibers extending through and beyond said bore and impregnated with epoxy.
11. A light-weight foot prosthesis, comprising:
a contoured one-piece foot having a flexible toe portion, a rigid instep, and a heel, said foot being molded of a light-weight copolymer;
an ankle joint affixed to said foot and capable of rotation about the transverse axis, said joint comprising a body having a transverse bore therethrough and a shell surrounding said body, said shell including a monolithic axle extending through said bore such that said shell is pivotable with respect to said body;
means affixed to said shell for connecting said ankle joint to a leg;
means for connecting said body to said foot; and
means for limiting rotation of said shell with respect to said foot.
12. The foot prosthesis according to claim 11 wherein said rotation limiting means comprises a pair of snubbers mounted between said foot and said shell.
13. The foot prosthesis according to claim 12 wherein said snubbers each comprise a cylinder constructed of a resilient material.
14. The foot prosthesis of claim 11, further including a cosmesis including dorsal and plantar sections, each section being sagittally and transversely internally supported.
15. The foot prosthesis of claim 14 wherein said plantar cosmesis section is adapted to support said foot.
16. The foot prosthesis of claim 14 wherein said dorsal cosmesis section is adapted to receive said joint.
This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/040,905 filed on Mar. 31, 1993.
The present invention relates to the foot section of an artificial leg and more particularly to a prosthetic foot specifically designed for geriatric users and others who require less massive prostheses. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to construction of a prosthetic foot and ankle joint adapted to provide a desired degree of mobility without excessive bulk.
Prosthetic feet are well known in the art, and several such feet have been designed to accomplish one or more objectives.
A useful prosthesis will simulate the operation and motion of an anatomical foot to a desired degree. An anatomical foot, including the ankle joint, is capable of motion around three perpendicular axes, as well as varying degrees of flexure. Specifically, the anatomical foot and ankle are capable of dorsiflexion, planiflexion, inversion, eversion, and transverse rotation. Dorsiflexion and planiflexion comprise the movement up and down of the ball of the foot with respect to the heel that occurs during a normal forward step. Inversion and eversion are the twisting of the foot around its longitudinal axis, resulting in outward and inward tilting of the ankles, respectively. Transverse rotation occurs when the foot rotates with respect to the longitudinal axis of the leg, such as occurs during left and right turns of the body.
Known foot prostheses include commercial feet that are capable of all three types of rotation. Typically, however, the joints capable of such complicated motion require bulky moving parts and are generally far too heavy for geriatric or very young patients, or other patients who suffer some degree of muscular weakness. Furthermore, some patients may not require high degree of flexibility, and may even desire the increased stability associated with a prosthesis that is capable of rotation about a single axis. Such a prosthesis would allow dorsiflexion and planiflexion, but not inversion, eversion, or transverse rotation. This would permit a near-normal step during forward motion, and would reduce the likelihood that the wearer might lose his or her balance as a result of uncontrolled or unintended rotation about one of the other axes.
In addition, it is desirable for a foot prosthesis to be capable of absorbing, storing, and releasing energy, so that the prosthesis returns itself to a relaxed, unflexed position when the moving force is removed. Prostheses that are designed for use during athletic activities, such as running or playing basketball, are particularly efficient at energy storage and return, providing a springy step. Such energy storage is typically accomplished by the inclusion of coil springs or other reciprocating means which absorb energy on flexure and release it efficiently upon removal of the applied force. The energy-storing components that are typically used for efficient energy return can contribute significantly to the weight of the prosthesis.
In contrast, older, less mobile wearers neither need nor want a high degree of return of stored energy. Instead, it is preferable for the prostheses worn by these wearers to absorb and dissipate a portion of the energy of each flexion while retaining sufficient energy to return the prosthesis to its unflexed position. This provides a more stable, cushioned step, and reduces the shock experienced by both the wearer and the prosthesis at each step.
Finally, it is necessary that a foot prosthesis be strong enough to support its wearer and durable enough to withstand the stresses of repeated stepping motions over long periods of time. Conventional prostheses tend to be designed for maximize strength, at the cost of added bulk and weight, making them unsuitable for geriatric or very young wearers, who do not subject their prostheses to the same loads as the average wearer.
Hence it is desired to provide a flexible, durable prosthesis that provides a slightly damped step and requires a minimal mass.
The present invention comprises a foot prosthesis having a light-weight foot portion and an attached light-weight ankle portion capable of a desired degree of rotation around a single axis. As used herein, the words "prosthesis" or "foot prosthesis" will refer to both the foot portion of a prosthetic foot and the ankle joint attached thereto.
Simplified construction of the foot and joint mechanisms enables the present invention to be at least about 50% lighter than typical foot prostheses. The foot portion of the prosthesis includes an integral instep and sole constructed of light weight polymeric material and is designed to provide support and flexure without added weight. The ankle portion of the prosthesis includes a single transverse joint that provides desired flexibility and stability without excess mass. The present joint allows dorsiflexion and planiflexion, but provides extra stability by avoiding flexibility with respect to other types of rotation. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear from the following description.
For a detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the prosthetic foot of the present invention wherein the surrounding cosmesis is shown in phantom;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the prosthetic foot of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a rear elevational view of the prosthetic foot of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of the prosthetic foot of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the prosthetic foot of FIG. 1 without the cosmesis;
FIG. 5A is an exploded view of the internal components of the ankle joint of FIG. 5;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 6--6 of FIG. 4;
FIGS. 6A and 6B are perspective and front elevational views, respectively, of the joint of the present invention at an intermediate manufacturing step;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 7--7 of FIG. 2;
FIGS. 8-10 are sequential side elevational views of the foot of FIG. 1 showing motion of the foot and attached ankle joint through a step;
FIG. 11 is a plan view of the bottom half of a preferred cosmesis according to the present invention; and
FIG. 12 is a bottom view of the top half of a preferred cosmesis according to the present invention.
The present invention comprises a lightweight foot portion, an ankle joint affixed to said foot, such that the foot is capable of motion around at least one axis, means for limiting rotation of said ankle joint and means for connecting said ankle joint to a leg. The foot portion includes a naturally-shaped foot having a dorsal surface and a plantar surface and comprising a heel, a toe and a raised instep.
Referring initially to FIGS. 1-4, the prosthetic foot 10 of the present invention includes a foot 20, an attached ankle joint 30, and a connector 40. A prosthetic shin, or leg, which would normally be attached to connector 40 via a conventional connection is shown in phantom extending upward from connector 40 in FIG. 1. For purposes of discussion, the x, y, and z axes, about which an anatomical foot can rotate, are shown and have been assigned as follows. The x axis is perpendicular to both the leg and foot, passing through the sides of the ankle. The y axis is perpendicular to the leg and parallel to the foot, and the z axis is parallel to the leg.
Referring particularly to FIG. 1, foot 20 comprises a heel 22, a raised instep 24, and a substantially fiat toe portion 26. Together, the heel, instep and toe 22, 24, 26 form a foot that closely replicates the structure and form of an anatomical foot. FIG. 1 also shows in phantom a cosmesis 28, which is molded around prosthetic foot 10. Cosmesis 28 is preferably constructed of foamed polyethylene.
It is preferred that the x axis, about which joint 30 is designed to rotate, be positioned at approximately twenty-five to thirty percent (25-30%) of the distance from heel 22 to toe 26. In addition, it is preferred that the transition from instep 24 to toe 26 occur at approximately seventy-five percent (75%) of the distance from heel 22 to toe 26.
Foot portion 20 is preferably constructed of a molded copolymer comprising approximately 100% polypropylene. It has been found that this polymer avoids an excessive level of creep and provides sufficient resilience for the present application. Other materials having suitable physical properties may be substituted for these polymers without departing from the spirit of the invention. Foot portion 20 is preferably formed by molding a working piece of the copolymer around a rigid model having a desired shape. It has been found advantageous to at least partially evacuate a region adjacent to the model. This allows the surrounding atmosphere outside the working piece to apply isostatic pressure to the piece, thereby causing it to conform smoothly and completely to the form. Alternatively foot portion 20 may be injection molded. For lightness, the molded underside (not shown) of raised instep 24 may include a hollow recess, as discussed in greater detail below.
Referring again to FIGS. 1-4, a forward snubber 32 and a rear snubber 34 are interposed between foot portion 20 and ankle joint 30 as discussed in greater detail below. Snubbers 32 and 34 comprise cylindrical resilient members and are preferably constructed of rubber, neoprene, high density urethane, or the like. A preferred material for the construction of snubbers 32, 34 is a polyurethane sold under the registered trademark Flexane® and manufactured by ITW Devcon, 30 Endicott St., Danvers, Mass. 01923.
Referring now to FIG. 5, the components of prosthesis 10 are shown in exploded form. Instep 24 includes a forward vertical bore 23 and a rear vertical bore 25 therethrough. Instep 24 further includes a curved front contact surface 27 and a planar rear contact surface 29 on its upper, or dorsal surface. As best shown in FIG. 4, contact surface 27 has a radius of curvature r. Still referring to FIG. 5, ankle joint 30 comprises a body 50, a liner 54, a tubular bearing 58 and a shell 90. Shell 90 includes a forward cup 92, a rear cup 94 and a pair of side portions 96. Shell 90 is connected to and surrounds body 50, liner 54 and bearing 58 by means of an integral axle 62, as described in detail below.
Referring now to FIGS. 5, 5A, 6 and 7, body 50 includes an oblong housing 60 in which liner 54 is transversely mounted, i.e., parallel to the x axis. Each side of housing 60 includes raised annular bevel 64 centered on the x axis. Bevel 64 contributes to the stability of the joint by allowing axle 62 to be slightly longer than the width of body 60.
As best seen in FIG. 5 A, liner 54 preferably comprises a pair of identical ranged tubes 55 within body 50, tubes 55 are positioned so that their unflanged ends abut to form liner 54, which spans the width of housing 60 at bevel 64. According to the preferred embodiment, each tube 55 includes an expansion opening 56 along its entire length and a plurality of radial slots 57 at the outer edge of the flange. Tubes 55 are preferably constructed from nylon or other suitable polymer, and may be purchased under the trademark Nyliner, sold by Seastrom Manufacturing Company, Inc., 701 Sonora Ave., Glendale, Calif. 91201-2495.
Liner 54 is sized to receive bearing 58 coaxially, with the inner surface of tubes 55 adjacent the outer surface of bearing 58, such that bearing 58 also lies on the x axis within body 50. Bearing 58 has an inner surface 59 and is preferably any suitable brass tubing. For example, a suitable tubing has an outside diameter of 0.50 inches and an inside diameter of 0.45, such as is commonly commercially available. Other materials may be used for liner 54 and bearing 58, so long as they are capable of providing a bearing surface at the liner/bearing interface and are suitable for use in the present application.
Referring particularly to FIGS. 6 and 7, it will be seen that side portions 96 of shell 90 extend inwardly through bearing 58 to form integral axle 62 which extends through bearing 58. Forward and rear cups 92, 94 and side portions 96 of shell 90 enclose body 50, with side portions 96 being integral with axle 62. Between shell 90 and the top of body 50 is a void 98. The specific preferred method of construction of this joint is set forth in detail below.
Parallel to and proximate the position of liner 54 in body 60 are a forward transverse support 67 and a rear transverse support 68 passing through body 60 parallel to the x axis. A pair of threaded vertical bores 70, 72 also pass through body 50, intersecting transverse supports 67 and 68, respectively. For structural purposes, it is desired that the diameter of supports 67, 68 exceed the diameter of bores 70, 72. This ensures that a portion of each support extends beyond the bore, as shown.
Still referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, instep 24 of foot 20 includes a lower recess 100. Preferably, recess 100 comprises a longitudinal groove in instep 24 having side walls 102, 104 and an inner wall 106. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, vertical bores 23, 25 are located in inner wall 106.
Ankle joint 30 is attached to foot 20 by means of a pair of bolts 110, 112. Bolts 110, 112 pass through bores 23, 25, respectively and engage bores 70, 72, respectively, in body 50. It will be understood that bolts 110, 112 could be replaced with a single bolt, or other suitable attachment means. It is believed advantageous, however, to use at least two such attachment means, as it reduces fatigue in the attachment, even if the attachment(s) develop slack.
Referring now to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, connector 40 is affixed to shell 90 by means of a T-nut 80 and a bolt 42. Connector 40 comprises an annular flange 44 adjacent one end of a coaxial four-sided body 47. The lower face of flange 44 preferably includes a plurality of longitudinal grooves 45 that run from the front to the back of the flange. Body 47 includes four curved faces 46 and a central bore 48 therethrough. Surrounding bore 48 is an annular recess 49, which is adapted to receive the head of bolt 42. T-nut 80 comprises a body 82 having a threaded bore 84 and a terminal flange 86, which supports four locking tabs (not shown). Preferably, T-nut 80, connector 40 and bolt 42 are made of metal and most preferably of steel. It has been found that 316 alloy steel is well suited to the present application.
Connector 40 is the male component of a standard adjustable connection formerly manufactured by the Otto Boch Corp. of West Germany and now widely available. Because of its strength and adjustability, this type of connection is presently used for virtually every non-flexible prosthetic connection.
According to a preferred embodiment, ankle joint 30 is constructed as follows. First, tubular beating 58 is placed on a rigid cylindrical support having an outside diameter approximately equal to the inside diameter of bearing 58. Next, liner tubes 55 are placed over bearing 58, with their flanges at opposite ends thereof, to form liner 54. Tubes 55 are tightened around bearing 58 by wrapping them circumferentially with glass fiber so that expansion opening 56 is tightly closed.
Housing 60 is preferably formed around bearing 58 and liner 54 by winding unidirectional glass fiber circumferentially around the outside diameter of liner 54, and continuing the winding around adjacently positioned transverse supports 67, 68, resulting in a oblong housing shape that includes bevel 64 on each side. When the fiberglass of housing 60 has been positioned, a wax cast (not shown) is placed around the assembled housing components. The outer surface of the wax cast is sculpted to correspond to the desired contours of the inner surface of shell 90, including the contours of void 98 and the seats for snubbers 32, 34 in forward and rear cups 92, 94, respectively. The inner surface of the wax cast is sculpted to correspond to the desired contours of the outer surface of housing 60, including bevel 64. In this manner, the wax cast defines the void that will ultimately exist in joint 30 between housing 60 and shell 90.
Axle 62 must be capable of withstanding significant shear stresses. Therefore, it is preferable that axle 54 be constructed of uniaxial glass fiber reinforced with epoxy, as best illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B. To achieve this, a plug 63 of unidirectional glass fiber is positioned in bearing 58 such that the ends of plug 63 extend a short distance beyond the ends of bearing 58 and beyond the sides of the wax cast. The ends of the glass fiber plug 63 are spread out, so that each end is slightly mushroom-shaped.
The dorsal surface of the wax cast is then wrapped in layers of additional fiberglass. Although the fibers of plug 63 forming axle 62 are shown in FIG. 7 for illustrative purposes, the additional fiberglass layers forming shell 90 are not shown. In the course of applying the fiberglass layers, T-nut 80 is incorporated into the top of shell 90. Preferably the fiberglass forming shell 90 includes the following layers:
______________________________________ No. of WeightPosition Layers of Fiber Type of Glass Orientation______________________________________1 1 6 oz. bidirectional front to rear2 1 13 oz. unidirectional front to rear3 2 6 oz. bidirectional side to side4 2 26 oz. unidirectional side to side5 2 26 oz. unidirectional front to rear*6 1 26 oz. unidirectional transverse**7 N/A 52 oz. mat N/A***______________________________________ *One layer ends in front of Tnut 80 and one passes over Tnut 80. **This layer extends only across the front end 92 of shell 90. ***Glass mat is shaped to form the dome of joint 30, which serves to restrain Tnut 80 and provide support for a prosthetic leg connection.
Once all of the desired layers of fiberglass have been assembled around the wax cast, the fiberglass-wrapped cast is inserted into a mold, which is then sealed. The mold corresponds to the desired outer contours of shell. 90, and includes grooves 99 running from front to back along the uppermost surface adjacent flanges 84 of T-nut 80. Grooves 99 in shell 90 correspond to grooves 45 in flange 44 of connector 40. Epoxy is drawn into the void between the east and the mold, including into bearing 58, thoroughly impregnating the fibers. Once the shell and axle have been thus formed, the joint is removed from the mold. The wax east is melted and removed, leaving joint 30 shown in FIG. 1 and described above, including integral axle 62. The flanges of liners 58 prevent housing 60 from being integrally joined to shell 90 and axle 62. A small amount of epoxy may flow between shell 90 and housing 60 through radial slots 57, but this amount is negligible and can be easily snapped to allow pivoting of the pieces relative to each other.
To affix connector 40 to shell 90, connector 40 is seated on T-nut 80 so that grooves 45 in flange 44 are seated in corresponding grooves 99 in shell 90 and prevent connector 40 from rotating or shifting laterally with respect to shell 90. Bolt 42 passes through connector 40 and threadingly engages bore 83 of T-nut 80.
Before foot 20 is connected to body 50, snubber 32 is positioned transversely within the forward cup 92 of shell 90 so that it rests on front contact surface 27, as best illustrated in FIG. 6. Snubber 32 is sized so that its diameter is approximately equal to the distance between contact surface 27 of instep 24 and the underside of forward cup 92 of shell 90. Because contact surface 27 is curved from side to side, only the center portion of forward snubber 32 contacts surface 27 in the normal, unflexed position.
Rear snubber 34 is positioned vertically within the rear cup 94 of shell 90 so that it rests on contact surface 29. Snubber 34 is sized so that its length is approximately equal to the distance between planar surface 29 of instep 24 and the underside of rear cup 94 of shell 90.
It has been found advantageous to provide ankle joint 30 in a plurality of sizes. Specifically, it has been found that three sizes are adequate to support the normal range of necessary prosthesis sizes. The size of axle 62 varies according to the desired prosthesis size; the 0.5 inch brass tubing disclosed above is suitable for a medium prosthesis. It is preferred that the height, or depth, of instep 24 be approximately 4%, 6%, or 8% of the length of foot portion 20 for small, medium and large prosthesis, respectively. This allows the cross-section perpendicular to the y axis of instep 24 to be great enough to provide the necessary rigidity through the middle of the foot, while maintaining the x axis (through bearing 58) as low as possible.
Referring now to FIG. 8, during dorsiflexion, the leg is inclined toward the front of the foot. Dorsiflexion occurs during the "push-off" phase of a normal step, or during uphill walking. In the prosthesis of the present invention, dorsiflexion causes a clockwise (as shown) moment about the x axis to be applied to shell 90. Because shell 90 is integral with axle 62, which is in turn bonded to bearing 58, bearing 58 rotates within liner 54 as shell 90 pivots. Pivoting of shell 90 causes front snubber 32 to be compressed between front contact surface 27 and forward cup 92. As the degree of flexion increases, snubber 32 deforms to fully contact the curved contact surface 27. Because snubber 32 is resilient and is substantially confined within forward cup 92, it resists compression and biases foot 20 away from forward cup 92. During normal use, a maximum dorsiflexion about axle 62 of approximately 10 to 15 degrees will occur.
For a given prosthesis size, the degree of dorsiflexion that can occur depends in part on the durometer, or hardness, of forward snubber 32. A desired durometer can be selected by modifying the composition of the snubber material. Methods for altering the durometer of a material, and of polymers in general are well known. If, as discussed above, Flexane® is used, an additive marketed under the trademark Flex-Add™ and also manufactured by Devcon, may be used to produce a softer polymer.
The radius of curvature r of contact surface 27 also affects the resistance of joint 30 to dorsiflexion. The smaller the radius of curvature r of contact surface 27, the smaller the area is of surface 27 that contacts snubber 32. With a smaller area, greater pressure will be applied by a given force, causing greater deformation. A surface 27 having a smaller radius of curvature will distort snubber 32 to a greater degree and allow more degrees of dorsiflexion with the same force. Thus, the same effect can be achieved by providing either a softer snubber or a smaller radius of curvature for contact surface 27.
The height of instep 24 can also affect the dorsal flexibility of the prosthetic foot. Because the flexibility of an object depends on its cross-section in the direction of flexure, raising the height of instep 24 produces a stiffer foot. Likewise, a more flexible foot can be produced by decreasing the height of instep 24. Because foot 20 is made of polypropylene in a preferred embodiment, it is capable of some flexure without breaking.
In contrast to instep 24, toe portion 26 of foot 20 has a small cross-sectional area, and therefore flexes relatively easily. Hence, as the wearer's body mass moves forward over the foot and begins to straighten the ankle, the energy stored in front snubber 32 is transferred into flexure of toe portion 26. When the toe of prosthesis 10 leaves the ground, moment is removed from the joint and prosthesis 10 returns to its unflexed position as the leg swings forward, as shown in FIG. 9. It is preferred that joint 30 store only a minimum amount energy, that amount being the amount necessary to return the prosthesis to its unflexed position. It is preferred that excess energy be dissipated within the resilient components of joint 30, so as to avoid an excessively bouncy step. The degree to which energy is dissipated, rather than being released, can be controlled by modifying the composition and structure of the resilient components.
Referring now to FIG. 10, when the heel of prosthesis 10 is placed on the ground, a counter-clockwise moment is applied to the joint, resulting in planiflexion. As in dorsiflexion, shell 90 pivots, this time in a counter-clockwise direction about the x axis, causing bearing 58 to rotate liner 54. Rear snubber 34 is compressed between rear contact surface 29 of instep 24 and rear cup 94 of shell 90, and biases prosthesis 10 to return to an unflexed position. In addition, rear snubber 34 provides more shock-absorbing capability. Because it is oriented so that the compressive forces are applied along its longitudinal axis, it is capable of compression through a greater distance than the transversely mounted front snubber 32. During normal use, a maximum planiflexion about axle 62 of approximately 10 to 30 degrees will occur. Once the foot is planted, as the wearer moves forward the moment is removed and prosthesis 10 returns to an unflexed position before commencing the next push-off phase as shown in FIG. 10.
Another aspect of the present invention is the internal construction of cosmesis 28 itself. It has been found that the configuration of the "hard" portions of the present prosthesis, i.e., the foot and ankle joint, lend themselves particularly well to a cosmesis adapted to provide naturalistic cushioning as well as a semi-rigid instep suitable for supporting the laced upper of a shoe.
Specifically, and as shown in FIG. 11, the present cosmesis comprises a pair of essentially hollow sections 150, 170, each with a wall thickness of about 0.25 inches. Plantar section 150 corresponds to the lower, or sole, portion of the foot and houses the hardware of the prosthesis. Section 150 is preferably molded around a foot portion 20, leaving the upper surfaces of foot 20 that support joint 30, namely contact surfaces 27, 29 and the concave mounting surface therebetween, exposed. Dorsal section 170 corresponds to the upper contours of the foot and may be designed to include simulations of such naturalistic features as toes and musculature on its outer surface. Fixed within each cosmesis sections 150, 170 are a transverse support 152, 172 and a sagittal support 154, 174. Longitudinal support 154 in lower section 150 coincides with and encases instep 24 of foot 20. Supports 152, 172 are transversely positioned just forward of front contact surface 27 and create a firmly supported instep that is suitable for receiving a lace-up shoe. Supports 152, 172 are aligned when the prosthesis is assembled. Sagittal supports 154, 174 extend perpendicularly forward from transverse supports 152, 172, and are also aligned when the prosthesis is assembled. Supports 152, 172 and 154, 174 are preferably formed from the same foamed material as cosmesis 28. While the supports can be molded into their respective sections 150, 170, it is easier to construct the supports separately and then insert and affix them into section 150, 170. As stated above, together supports 152, 172 and 154, 174 improve the operation and feel of the prosthesis.
An advantage of the joint of the present invention lies in the fact that it closely simulates the motion of an anatomical foot about the x axis while providing a lightweight, stable foot that is easily adapted to normal use.
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Welcome to Saint Louis University!
Saint Louis University wants your transition to be as smooth as possible. As a service to relocating employees, our human resources team has assembled this relocation guide to give you all the information you may need when considering a move to the beautiful St. Louis area. Here you will find information about living in St. Louis and more specific information about how SLU helps you make an easy, cost-effective transition to the area.


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Keeping your server safe is one of the biggest concerns for website owners and IT managers. If your website is unsecured, it can lead to major hassles with downtime. It also can cost you business and make your customers very unhappy. This is a very bad scenario, so it is important to make sure your website is safe at all times. The best way to make sure that your server is safe is to keep it well protected. Follow these tips to ensure your server is safe and that you and your clients' date is protected.
Keep Your Software Current
One of the easiest ways for hackers to penetrate your server's security is by exploiting software that isn't regularly updated. Prevent this by always installing any patches or updates to your server software the instant they become available. This is especially crucial when it comes to security updates. Keeping your software up-to-date is one of the most important steps in knowing that your server is safe.
When it comes time to reinstalling server software or reconfiguring it, make sure to always do this offline. Anybody who makes changes to their server configurations while connected to the Internet is asking for trouble. While you are changing the software, your server will be unprotected. It is usually just a matter of minutes for an unprotected server to get attacked if it is online. Be smart and perform all of your server upgrades offline.
Keep Things Simple
One of the easiest ways to know that your server is safe is to keep its purpose simple. You should always use one server for one purpose. While you can use a server to run multiple applications, this will increase the chances of it getting attacked. If one of the applications becomes vulnerable, suddenly every other application that is on the server becomes vulnerable as well. Limiting the server's purpose to one application is a great way to limit risk and know that your network is as safe as possible.
Keep Security Tight
The password for the server should be something very difficult to crack. It should have multiple cases, numbers and letters that make it as tough to crack as possible. The password should never be shared outside of the IT department, and it should be limited to as few personnel as possible. You should also regularly update the password for maximum security.
Use a Good Host
If your server is not on the premises of your business, then it is up to the host to maintain the security. This means you need to have a lot of trust in the hosting company. Using a reliable and trustworthy host like Singlehop is one of the best ways to know that your server is safe.


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Shows non-web designers how use Contribute to make changes to an existing web site without fear of damage.
How to use Contribute and Dreamweaver to coordinate web publishing workflows among designers, developers, and editors.
"Your tutorials move at just the right pace for me to work alongside and take notes. So I am learning things that my campus class will not have time for." —Toni M.
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Saturday, February 16, 2013
Give it up
Police were dispatched to the side of Mathis Ferry Road in regards to a suspicious woman. The officer stopped to chat with the woman, who was found in front of the fire station. She had several abrasions to her face and bruises underneath both eyes and contusions on her upper and lower lips. When asked what happened she began to speak unintelligible. She appeared to be intoxicated. When asked if she needed help she said she did not. The officer convinced her to walk with him into the fire station so EMS could look at her. She told EMS personnel that she had been beaten up by her friend.
She was transported to MUSC. She admitted to the officer who beta her up She said she was asleep next to the suspect when he woke her up and said, "give it up." She told him, "not now, give me a minute." At that point the man punched her in the face and grabbed her arm and twisted it.
She told the officer, according to the report, that nothing after that happened and she was able to get him calmed down and back to sleep.
When asked why she didn't report the incident she told the officer it was only a misunderstanding and she didn;t want to get him in trouble. She also said she did not want to press charges.
The officer then went to the house and spoke to the suspect who said they got into an argument and the victim hit him first. He said that is when he punched her in the face.
The case was cleared because the victim declined cooperation.
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Created: 12/26/2012 1:59 PM KSTP.com By: Cassie Hart
Minnesota farmers and entrepreneurs can now apply for hundreds of thousands of dollars in funding.
The Agricultural Growth Research and Innovation Program has $700,000 to distribute. The program is part of an effort to increase sales of Minnesota's agricultural products.
The grants will be distributed in two rounds. The first has a proposal deadline of next Monday, while businesses have until March first to apply for the second batch of funding.
The state's Agriculture Department has more information on its website.


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Facebook brings its Yelp-like business Pages to Android
The redesigned layout puts essential business information up front and makes the social network's app work better for local search.
Facebook said Thursday that its Android application will feature its newly redesigned layout for mobile Pages. Pages are Facebook profiles for brands, businesses, and public figures that use the social network.
The new layout, which resembles business listings on Yelp, pushes essential business information such as contact details and location to the top of the Page. It also encourages visitors to leave a mini review, check-in to the location, or "like" the Page.
Facebook first introduced the new look for mobile Pages on iOS and mobile Web a few weeks ago. The changes play nicely with Facebook's Nearby tab and are meant to provide the 751 million people who use Facebook on their smartphones each month with more compelling reasons to visit a local business' Facebook Page.
Local search is clearly becoming a top priority for Facebook. The social network appears to be on the verge of snatching up navigation app Waze for as much as $1 billion. The buy would give Facebook a way to intercept the search market , which often centers around map-based queries, on smartphones.


text: Prev | Next Purchase this photo Billy Summers/The Putnam Herald During a reenactment of a DUI wreck on Friday afternoon, May 3, 2013, at Buffalo High School, student and volunteer firefighter Ryan White reacts to parent of a victim, portrayed by Jeremy Binion. Gallery: Putnam in Pictures, Friday, May 10 May. 10, 2013 @ 07:56 PM The Herald-Dispatch / 2015 Did you miss something in Putnam County this week? Chances are, one of our photographers was there. ()


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Clear All Select Elements in an HTML Dropdown
Thursday,14 August 2014 12 00 PM
One of the things I like jquery for is that there is a multitude of ways to do something. I like options. Clearing a drop down in jquery is no …
Tags: all, clear, clearing, delete, deleting, down, drop, dropdown, element, elements, how to, html, javascript, jQuery, menu, Select | Posted under Programming/Coding | Leave a comment
Styling Drop Down Menus in ocPortal Part 2
Saturday,24 May 2014 12 00 PM
This post is the second part of styling an ocPortal drop down menu. In Part 1 I talked about the structure of ocPortal menus and how dropdown menus share many …
Tags: CSS, down, drop, dropdown, Dropdown Menu, examples, how to, menu, Menus, ocPortal, part 2, style, styling | Posted under ocPortal | Leave a comment
Styling Drop Down Menus in ocPortal Part 1
Wednesday,21 May 2014 12 00 PM
I've talked previously about adding a dropdown menu to your ocPortal site and now I want to talk more about styling the menus themselves. First of all this is quite …
Tags: 1, CSS, down, drop, dropdown, Dropdown Menus, how to, menu, Menus, ocPortal, part, style, styling | Posted under ocPortal | Leave a comment


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"It started well...."
The beginning was interesting and grabbed my attention
Zombie book. It wouldn't stop. The author repeated the philosophical differences between Einstein and Bohr to the point painful boredom. OK, we got it.
The performance was generally OK. At times the tone and recording settings noticeably changed. His French accent is comically bad.
The first half.. quit while you're ahead.
Enough already.
I had owned the Kindle version for a while, without really having the time, when I decided to buy the audio book. Best use of my credits since I signed up for Audible, as 3 days later, I had listened to every syllable, and was spurred to learn more about the subject.
If you like reading about physics and are curious about Quantum theory or the state and evolution of the science of physics during that time, I believe you'd be hard pressed to find a better listen. I know because after finishing this, I bought Uncertainty by David Lindley, and The Age of Entanglement by Louisa Gilder and they are still sitting in my Library unfinished after 2 months.
I know too little to give a worthy analysis of the scientific content. Suffice it to say, my ignorance was certainly diminished. What I can say however, is that the writer exposed the science and ideas with a masterful touch, and as far as I could ascertain, managed to communicate the gist of the concepts, and the historical context from which they arose.
Last, but certainly not least, the narrator is excellent, at least to my ears. His voice, tone, inflection and delivery were the right combination of pleasing, expressive, and effacing. if that makes any sense.
A wonderful book.
"Interesting History of Modern Physics"
Good quality audio and well written. Interesting if you enjoy this topic. You don't need to be a physics major to understand it although it can get technical.
"Great Blend of Story and Pure Quantum Theory"
Quantum will appeal to anyone interested in how Quantum Theory evolved in a historical sense. It portrays the many players involved in its development but focusses on Einstein and Bohr's decades-long disagreement on what constitutes reality.
There is a moment when it appears that Einstein has finally conjured up the experiment that will prove his side of the argument once and for all. And it did...at least for a while.
As this is a historical biography, Ray Porter was not required to get into character as in a novel. But his narration is excellent and he is able to bring the many figures involved to life.
I am not a physicist nor, for that matter, even much of a science geek. Still, I found this book peeked my curiosity and answered many questions I had about the mind-bending topic of Quantum Mechanics.
"Great Synthesis of Science and History"
I really enjoyed the tale of the history of the revolutions and micro revolutions of thought that make up the path to our understanding of the quantum world. It shows that no dogma or accepted system of thought is sacred, and our understanding of the universe is an evolutionary process of ideas. SPOILER: The essential theme I got from this is that it comes back to the philosophical thought experiment of the tree falling in the woods with no one to observe it in any way. For Einstein, reality is independently real, and the tree actually did fall, whether or not someone directly observed it or indirectly observed its effects. For Bohr, the tree did not actually fall unless it was observed. For science, Einstein's belief could never be proven, because to prove it, something would have to be observed/measured. Bohr goes farther than just saying that objective reality cannot be proved, and says it doesn't exist in fact. This belief is just as unprovable as Einstein's and for the same reason.
"Mind Expanding"
Fantastic book on Quantum Theory from 30,000 feet. Mostly big picture science with a touch of philosophy and fascinating biography. Really enjoyed the
Einstein, because I still can't accept a world that requires observation to be real and deterministic.
Bohr, because I didn't realize the enormous contribution he made to 20th century science until reading this book.
"Brilliant history of science on quantum physics"
This is a book I have been searching for some time: it explains quantum physics in laymen's terms. All these mysterious phenomenon (photons, entanglement, Heizenberg's uncertainty principle) are described in a very understandable way, as long as you pay close attention to what is being said. Suddenly, everything I had learned during my six years of physics classes in high school started to come together: the atom models, the states electrons could be in, and most of all, what the meaning is of these silly tests with screens with slits in it.
Kumar has taken a very interesting approach to his 100+ year overview of quantum physics. He takes the reader on a more or less chronological, social tour of the physics community in the 20th century, where we intimately get to know both the researchers themselves, their scientific views and the way they interact with each other. It is a well written story of how the scientific world works, an exciting discovery tour and, strange tough it may sound, it is an absolute page turner.
For me, this could have been a life changing book. Had I read this book as a high school student, it might have encouraged me to study theoretical physics.
The English narration was impeccable. A very pleasant, unobtrusive voice. Well directed and well cut: there was not a single audio editing mistake in the entire book. The pronunciation of German, Dutch and French words and names was way off, but nonetheless cute.
This book is an absolute must listen for everyone who is even mildly interested in knowing something about quantum physics or the scientific community (Einstein, Bohr, Heizenberg, Planck, just to mention a few names) behind its concepts.
"Not a quantum leap in understanding"
I got this book fundamentally because I find the whole "Quantum Thing" as fascinating as I find it opaque. I find myself agreeing with Einstein (even as I look at it I agree that is an absurd thing to type" that a universe where my viewing of an event materially impacts that universe makes no sense. I have survived other physics and cosmology books, even those by the inscrutable Brian Greene and was looking forwards to maybe coming to terms with the "Quantum Thing" more closely and just maybe even figuring a tiny bit of it out.
As it turns out I could have saved the time. This book gives a pretty detailed history to the evolution of the Quantum debate but ultimately it throws no more light on it than many other books without "Quantum" in their title. It's interesting to read paragraphs where Bohr, Einstein and Geiger (yes him of the Geiger Counter) are in fierce conflict over the math, it's always fun to watch great minds clash. Ultimately the book filled in lots of science history but left me as bemused as always. It may well just be that I'm just not smart enough to grasp the concepts so it's perhaps not a surprise that this book left me cold, but the rather stilted historic style and lack of manageable analogies didn't pass muster for my cat like brain.
"The Drama of Physics"
The information presented was quite interesting and the author has a knack for presenting the events of the time and the people involved with a dramatic tension that captures your attention. Unfortunately, I found that I could not finish listening to even the first part due to the unremitting negativity and bleakness. Perhaps it lightens up later on, I shall never know..it was such a relief to call it quits that I can't imagine taking it up again. The subject matter is fascinating and well worth exploring, but this particular book might well put you off the topic and people involved...unless you're enjoy the works of Samuel Beckett, of whom this author reminds me.


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Thu September 13, 2012
Big Band Jazz Presents: Movie Title Songs on Sept. 16th at 7 pm
By Bob Craig
We'll take a "Walk On The Wild Side" of "Green Dolphin Street" and perhaps bump into "Laura," "Emily" and "Alfie." What's it all about? Movie title songs...our feature presentation. You bring the popcorn and I'll get the horns a-poppin' on Sunday evening from 7 to 8 pm on Big Band Jazz. See you then!


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Dr. James A. Scudder — Senior Pastor
James A. Scudder is a popular author and Bible teacher. He is the founder and senior pastor of the Quentin Road Bible Baptist Church and the host of the international television and radio broadcast, Victory In Grace. Dr. Scudder's latest books include Your Secret to Spiritual Success and The Coming World Leader. He is also the chancellor of Dayspring Bible College & Seminary.
For over 40 years, the members of Quentin Road have come to enjoy Dr. Scudder's verse-by-verse teaching from the Scriptures. He is known for his powerful preaching and his keen understanding of current events as they relate to the believer. His down-to-earth style both in print and preaching, have made him beloved by the members of QRBBC.
Dr. Scudder and his wife Linda have two grown children, Pastor Jim Scudder, Jr. and Julie Dearyan. They also have 4 grandchildren: Amy, Erica, James, and Amanda.
To find out more about Dr. Scudder, click here.
Pastor Jim Scudder, Jr. — Executive Pastor
Pastor James A. Scudder, Jr. is the Executive Pastor of Quentin Road Bible Baptist Church and shares the pulpit with his father, Dr. James A. Scudder, Sr. Pastor Jim previously served as Senior Pastor of the Westchester Bible Church in the west suburbs of Chicago for 5 years.
Pastor Jim comes from a family of preachers. His grandfather, Isaac, was a lifelong pastor in Kentucky. Pastor Jim trusted Christ as his personal Savior at age 5 and felt the Lord's leading to be a pastor at age 16.
Pastor Jim graduated from Quentin Road Christian School and attended Dayspring Bible College for four years, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Biblical Studies in 1993. He also earned a Master of Theology degree from Solid Rock Theological Seminary's extension in Memphis, Tennessee in 2006. Before his pastorates, Pastor Jim served as director of Media Ministries and Assistant to Dr. Scudder at Quentin Road.
Pastor Jim and his wife, Karen, were married in 1989, they have two daughters currently attending Dayspring Bible College: Amy and Erica. Pastor Jim currently serves as the President of Dayspring Bible College. Karen is a graduate of DBC and serves in administration at QRBBC.
Pastor Paul Julian — Pastor of Ministries
Pastor Paul Julian is the Director of Ministries at Quentin Road. He began following the Lord as a young man and has served in a variety of capacities at Quentin Road. Pastor Julian oversaw the 1997 addition to the church facilities — an addition that added 170,000 square feet of ministry space. This enormous project took nearly 18 months to complete and utilized a 200-member volunteer team from the church.
Pastor Julian is a talented teacher and a gifted mentor to many of the adults and youth of the church. Pastor Julian currently oversees the day-to-day operations of the many ministries at Quentin Road, serves as Dr. Scudder's assistant in ministerial needs, oversees the administration of the Quentin Road Christian School, and conducts much of the church counseling.
Pastor Julian grew up at Quentin Road and is a product of the church's Christian School. He is a graduate of Dayspring Bible College and Seminary and has a B.A. degree in Pastoral Studies. He and his wife, Molly, were married in May of 1991. Molly is also a graduate of Dayspring Bible College and serves as the director of QRCP, one of the largest of its kind in the country. They have two children: Josh and Jarrod.
Pastor David Rende — Music Pastor
Pastor David Rende graduated from Dayspring Bible College and Seminary in 2002 with a B.A. degree in Biblical Studies. He is a talented Bible teacher who helps people apply the teachings of the Bible to everyday life. He currently works with Quentin Road's travel ministry, is the Director of Productions for Victory In Grace Ministries, and the Music Director of QRBBC.
Pastor Dave has been married to his wife, Kim, since 2001. Kim works as a high school teacher at the Quentin Road Christian School. They have two children: Quinn and Jenna.
Pastor Mark Julian – Dayspring Bible College Dean
Pastor Robert Vanden Bosch — President of Concerned Christian Americans
Pastor Vanden Bosch is a full-time family lobbyist who fights for the rights of churches and religious organizations in Illinois' capital of Springfield. He has a bachelor of Arts degree from Dort College and a Doctorate from Dayspring Bible College & Seminary.
He is the President of Concerned Christian Americans and the Vice President of Christian Schools of Illinois. He is a former pastor of the Villa Park Bible Church in Villa Park, IL. Dr. Vanden Bosch and his wife, Barb, have two children: Kyle and Katie; and two grandchildren: Logan and Cooper.
Dr. Joseph Howe — Military Ministry
Dr. Joseph Howe is the Pastor of Military Ministries at QRBBC and the Director of Chaplaincy at Dayspring Bible College & Seminary, developing and teaching the Chaplaincy Studies Program.
In 1995, Dr. Howe established World Ministries to the Armed Forces and is the Executive Director. He is also the National Commander for the United States Service Command of America and has authored the Christian Life Handbook. Over the years, Dr. Howe traveled and developed ministries for the militaries in Korea, Philippines, Liberia, Russia & Romania.
Dr. Howe and his wife, Judy, have two grown children: Scott and Rebecca; and seven grandchildren. Judy is part of the music ministry at QRBBC.
Pastor John Fontana — Assistant Pastor
Pastor John Fontana graduated from Dayspring Bible College in 1989 with a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Biblical Education. After serving as the Supervisor/Principal in the Quentin Road Christian School for 21 years, Pastor John has taken the position as the Visitation Pastor and assistant to Pastor Paul Julian.
Pastor John has been married to his wife, Nancy, since 1985. Nancy serves as the Kindergarten Director of the Quentin Road Christian Preschool. They have three children: Daniel, Ryan, and Ashley.
Pastor Jon Tanney — Associate Pastor
Pastor Jon Tanney is a gifted speaker, singer, and the High School Supervisor at Quentin Road Christian School. Pastor Jon formerly worked in the television broadcasting department of Victory In Grace, a ministry of Quentin Road Bible Baptist Church.
Pastor Jon Tanney is a graduate of Dayspring Bible College and an alumnus of Quentin Road Christian School. Pastor Jon's wife, Kristin, works as the church secretary. They have two children: Kate and Luke.