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Chapter 1 : Chapter One - Oscar A. Klein.
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I felt raindrops beating down upon my neck. Looking up, I found myself face-to-face with none other than James Potter, the son of the famous Harry Potter. I smiled weakly at the boy. James and I were in the same Muggle Studies class, and he spoke to me every so often. In any other situation, he would have overlooked me, however none of his usual crowd took Muggle Studies. I was the only Ravenclaw in the class, besides himself, so he took it upon himself to talk to me, as he didn't know any of the other student's names.
"How's it going, Oscar?" He asked, throwing his arm around me as we continued to walk, side by side, up the path. I was still aware of the boy behind us, and I wondered whether he was watching James and I.
"Hello James," I smiled.
"What're you doing, out here by yourself?" James asked.
"I was just going inside." I mumbled in response. Was the boy behind listening to our exchange?
We walked in silent for a minute or two, until we reached the Castle. James withdrew his arm from around my shoulders. He was probably afraid we'd bump into one of his popular friends. How would he explain having his arm around a nerd?
As we dragged the doors open, James turned to me.
"How come you never talk, Oscar?" He asked, "I'm sure you used to talk loads, back in First Year..."
"No, I –"
"Or was that me?" He pondered.
"Yeah, probably." I murmured, glancing around as I stumbled through the door. The boy was still there. He looked disinterested – maybe he wasn't listening to our conversation. Maybe he didn't think I was a total nerd who never spoke to anyone…
"Yeah, I never changed," James continued, "I'm always talking, I am. Mum says it's one of my finer qualities, but dad just reckons I need to deflate my ego."
I forced a smile to my face, not knowing what to say.
"You changed though. You used to be happy."
At those words, my head jerked up in shock.
"But I am hap—"
"OI, JAMES!" A voice called. James spun around on hearing the voice of his best friend, Hayden Oakes.
"S'later Ozzy!" He called, as he sped towards a group of his closest friends. I watched as they exchanged high-fives, wishing I were one of James Potter's best friends. He was so popular, with a huge amount of friends, whereas I was so boring… my only friend being my younger sister, Cordula.
As I turned to walk up the golden staircase, I realised that the boy who had been following James and I had disappeared. I wondered what his name was. I wondered which house he was in, what year he was in, who his friends were… anything.
And I longed to be friends with this boy far more than I longed to be friends with James Potter. This boy, with the dark hair and bright, piercing blue eyes that were opals set into his pale, flawless face… When I saw him, I felt a tremendous urge to call out his name. To grab him by the wrist. To swing him round and stare deeply into his beautiful eyes, until he whispered my name and it floated from his perfect lips into the warm breeze.
Don't get me wrong, I'm not sexually attracted to this boy. I don't swing that way. The problem was that, every time I saw him… I felt drawn to him. I felt a connection. I wanted to get to know him better. I needed to get to know him better. He was just so mysterious. I wanted desperately to unwrap his outer layers and delve into his core. However, I was plainly over reacting; I was lonely. I craved friends, and he stood out to me as someone I might one day class as my friend. But deep inside, I knew that was not likely. The boy probably didn't realise I existed.
I pushed open the dormitory door and, without bothering to glance around, threw myself onto my bed. I landed softly on my back. Sweeping my dark blonde hair from my eyes, I shoved my hand under my pillow and dragged out a battered, purple and gold book. I rolled over, onto my stomach, picked up my quill from the bedside table, and opened the book. I flipped feverishly through the torn, yellowing pages, until I reached a blank. I pressed the tip of my quill to the parchment and wrote the date in tall, loopy letters.
September 22,
Today I decided that friendship is my new priority – it is far more important than schoolwork, exams, and jobs. For example, imagine I got a job at the Ministry of Magic as an Unspeakable {it'd fit my character well, I'd say}. My parents wouldn't approve, of course, since they are determined to remove any recollection of magic from my memory, and turn me into a muggle doctor. So I wouldn't be able to celebrate with them. My sister would disapprove also, since she absolutely despises the Ministry. Who else would I have to celebrate my victory with? No one. Because I have no friends. Therefore, it is now my time to seriously work at gaining new friends. Firstly, I shall have to work on my confidence – how am I supposed to interact with people when I can't even speak to my own grandmother without going all clammy? I shall write back with more updates soon.
Yours faithfully,
Oscar A. Klein.
"Writing in your diary again, Adalia?" A smug voice called from the bed in the corner. I hadn't realised Christopher was in the room. Had he been here all this time? I sincerely hoped not. Christopher Nott was the most unpleasant boy in our dormitory. He always took it upon himself to insult me, and he always addressed me by my middle name, Adalia, insisting it was a girls name.
"My name's Oscar," I frowned, "It's not a diary…"
"Whatever, Addie." He flipped me off. I placed a secrecy charm upon my journal and gently returned it to it's home under my pillow.
"Saw you with James outside," Christopher commented casually, "What were you doing – trying to persuade him to join your protest against the protection of Goblins? They can take care of themselves fine, you know."
"I don't have a –"
"Oh, shut up, for Merlin's sake! I'm fed up of hearing your voice."
I left the room angrily, slamming the heavy door behind me, before slowly proceeding down the narrow staircase, and silently entering the Common Room.
It was crowded, as usual. Not really my scene. I enviously watched James and his friends for a moment, before I suddenly felt a pair of eyes upon me.
I swivelled around, scanning the room. I did not catch the eyes at first, and had to take a second glance at every single person in the room. I could still feel someone's gaze upon me, as I slid easily past bunches of twittering girls and gangs of roaring boys.
Finally, I found the eyes. It was him. Excitement boiled in the pit of my stomach, as I stopped a short distance away and watched as a secret smile played upon the corners of his mouth.
I'd never seen him in the Common Room before. I wasn't even entirely sure he was in Ravenclaw. I glanced at his robes – they were green. That must mean… he was a Slytherin? Then what was he doing in the Ravenclaw Common Room?
Suddenly, he broke eye contact, and I felt as if our connection had broken. I panicked slightly as he stood up and turned to leave.
"N-No." I muttered, pushing past a small huddle of First Years as he climbed gracefully out of the Portrait Hole.
I followed, wrenching it open and tumbling out onto the glistening corridor, just in time to spot his robes whipping around the corner at the far end of the corridor.
I sprinted after him, skidding as I rounded the corner. I halted, panting, and glanced around the long corridor. The Slytherin boy was nowhere to be seen. How could he have disappeared so quickly? Even if he was running, like I was, he can't have gone that fast. I took another look around the corridor, expecting a secret door to suddenly appear in the wall, but nothing happened. He was gone.
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Pursuit.: Chapter One - Oscar A. Klein.
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Dynamo have no more time to mess around, will beat FC Dallas
Unless a concussion keeps Adam Moffat out of action Saturday, I'm going to go ahead and predict the Dynamo will claim their first road victory of the season Saturday. I have no reasonable explanation for why I think the Dynamo will beat FC Dallas, which definitely appears the much stronger side on paper. And I […] [Read More]

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There's a delightful argument going on on the economics blogs about Warren Buffett just at the moment. If he wants to pay more in taxes then why doesn't he just write a check and pay more in taxes?
It started at Bleeding Heat Libertarians and they're making a point I made myself a few years back. If you think you're not being taxed enough then all you have to do is write a check and send it to this address:
Gifts to the United States
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Credit Accounting Branch
3700 East-West Highway, Room 6D37
Hyattsville, MD 20782
When I looked into it there was several million dollars sent in each year. I also did the same research in the UK and the US looks rather good by comparison. In the UK that year an entire 5 people had paid extra taxes and four of those were dead, leaving bequests, leaving just that one person who thought they were not paying enough tax.
My point back then was simply that you should not look at what people say when determining what they want. You should, according to the economic principle of revealed preferences, look at what people do instead. If people have the opportunity to pay extra tax but do not take it then it doesn't really matter what they say. For by their non-action they show that they don't really want to pay those extra taxes.
Will Wilkinson comes in with the counter-argument. It's a collective action problem (and more from Glen Whitman here).
I might think that all of the rich should pay more taxes but I'm not willing to be the only person that does so. All the rich should pay more taxes at which point I'll be happy to do so. That's one way of describing the collective action problem but it's a rather superficial one.
Arnold Kling gets closer to what I consider to be the real one, which is the provision of public goods. Here we really do have a collective action problem. Public goods are not goods supplied to the public, nor things the public would like supplied to them. They are instead goods that are non-rivalrous and non-excludable. That is, once they've been produced then we can't stop someone using them and nor does their using them stop anyone else from doing so. Which means that if I or you pay for them we can't stop the people who haven't paid for them from benefiting. Which is a collective action problem and one possibly best solved by paying for public goods through compulsory taxation.
National defence is an example: if the country is defended then everyone is, whether they've paid taxes or not.
So Kling points out that the actual mixture of public goods that we get from having paid taxes might not be all that good. I'd add that there's a great deal of what government does which is not a public good at all and thus doesn't face this collective action problem. Please note that I am still using "public good" in the restrictive sense that economists use it.
All of which really leaves us pondering why Buffett, if he thinks he should pay more taxes, doesn't just pay more taxes. If you think that the collective action problem is sufficient explanation then we're done with the problem. If you don't well, then we've still got the same problem.
It's worth noting that Buffett is giving huge sums to charity and he does encourage other billionaires to do so but he doesn't insist that he won't unless they do. So the collective action problem doesn't exist with reference to donations to the Gates Foundation but it does with giving to Uncle Sam. Which leaves us with the question of what is the difference between the two?


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Utah woman gets jail for lying to cops investigating fiance's murder
A woman who changed her story again and again to police investigating her fiance's murder has pleaded guilty Monday to reduced charges.
Morgan Maree Holst, 18, pleaded guilty in 3rd District Court to second-degree felony obstruction of justice, as well as first-degree felony aggravated robbery and second-degree felony burglary in an unrelated case. In exchange for the pleas, prosecutors dismissed aggravated kidnapping and retail theft charges.
Holst's plead deal also includes a recommendation that she serve 365 days in jail followed by probation. Her attorney, Darwin Overson, said Holst will get credit for time she has already served while waiting for her cases to wrap up.
Holst's obstruction case began after her fiance Sione Fakatoufifita, 19, was gunned down April 13 in the parking lot of a Maverik convenience store at 1680 S. Redwood Road. Detectives interviewed Holst later that day, and she told them that on April 12, Fakatoufifita was hanging out with his friends and she had been driving around looking for him, according to court documents.
Holst then changed her story twice. Among other things, Holst said she and Fakatoufifita were driving around together when he got out and later phoned her to call off their wedding. She later told police that she and Fakatoufifita had actually been driving through Glendale when he started throwing up gang signs, according to the documents.
Overson said Holst changed her story to police because she was scared.
In July, police arrested Vilisoni Angilau, 20, for killing Fakatoufifita. Police say Fakatoufifita and Angilau were members of rival gangs.
Holst's robbery and burglary charges come from an Aug. 30 incident in which she participated in a robbery in Salt Lake County. Holst was one of five defendants in the case and Overson said prosecutors were willing to dismiss charges in the case because she played a smaller role in the incident than the others.
According to Overson, Holst faces a minimum of 20 years in prison if she fails to complete probation. He said that she will have to "toe the straight line" if she wants to succeed, but that he believes she will succeed because she has matured significantly in recently months.
Prosecutors who worked on the case could not immediately be reached for comment Monday afternoon.
Twitter: @jimmycdii


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Whistled languages are a form of communication used by many indigenous people around the world. The languages differs according to whether the spoken language is tonal or not, with the whistling being either tone or articulation based. Tonal languages are stripped of articulation, leaving only suprasegmental features such as duration and tone, and when whistled retain the spoken melodic line. In non-tonal languages, some of the articulatory features of speech are retained, though the normally timbral variations imparted by the movements of the tongue and soft palate are transformed into pitch variations.
Thus whistled languages convey phonemic information solely through tone, length, and, to a lesser extent, stress, and many phonemic distinctions of the spoken language are lost. "All whistled languages share one basic characteristic: they function by varying the frequency of a simple wave-form as a function of time, generally with minimal dynamic variation, which is readily understandable since in most cases their only purpose is long-distance communication." (ibid: 32)
Languages communicated by whistling are relatively rare, but are known from around the world. One example is the Silbo on the island of La Gomera in the Canary Islands, which maintains Spanish's five vowels, but reduces its consonants down to four. Others exist or existed in all parts of the world including Turkey (Kuskoy "Village of the Birds"), France (the village of Aas in the Pyrenees), Mexico (the Zapotecs of Oaxaca), South America (Piraha), Asia (the Chepang of Nepal), and New Guinea. They are especially common and robust today in parts of West Africa, used widely in such populous languages as Yoruba and Ewe. Even French is whistled in some areas of western Africa.
In continental Africa, speech may be conveyed by a whistle or other musical instrument, most famously the "talking drums". However, while drums may be used by griots singing praise songs or for inter-village communication, and other instruments may be used on the radio for station identification jingles, for regular conversation at a distance whistled speech is used. As two people approach each other, one may even switch from whistled to spoken speech in mid-sentence.
In the Greek village of Antia, the entire population knows how to whistle their speech, and whistled conversations are also carried on at close range.
As the expressivity of whistled speech is limited compared to spoken speech, whistled messages typically consist of stereotyped or otherwise standardized or set expressions, are elaborately descriptive, and often have to be repeated.
However, in languages which are heavily tonal, and therefore convey much of their information through pitch even when spoken, such as Mazatec and Yoruba, extensive conversations may be whistled.
In Africa and indigenous Mexican communities, whistled language is used only by men.
Whistled languages are normally found and used in locations with abrupt relief created by difficult mountainous terrain, slow or difficult communication (no telephones), low population density and/or scattered settlements, and other isolating features such as sheepherding and cultivation of hillsides.
The main advantage of whistling speech is that it allows the speaker to cover much larger distances (typically 1Đ2 km but up to 5 km) than ordinary speech, and this is assisted by the relief found in areas where whistled languages are used. In practice, many areas with such languages work hard to preserve their ancient traditions, in the face of rapidly advancing telecommunications systems in many areas.
A whistled tone is essentially a simple oscillation (or sine wave), and thus timbral variations are impossible. Normal articulation during an ordinary lip-whistle is relatively easy though the lips move little causing a constant of labialization and making labial and labiodental consonants (p, b, m, f, etc.) impossible.
Apart from the five vowel-phonemes - and even these do not invariably have a fixed or steady pitch - all whistled speech-sound realizations are glides which are interpreted in terms of range, contour, and steepness.
In a non-tonal language, segments may be differentiated as follows:
In the case of Silbo Gomero, such strategies produce five vowels and four consonants.
Though whistled languages are not secret codes or secret languages, with the exception of a whistled language used by nanigos terrorists in Cuba during Spanish occupation, they may be used for secretive communication among outsiders or other who do not know or understand the whistled language though they may understand its spoken origin. Supposedly, in Aas during World War II farmers were nearly caught watering down their milk but police were unable to find any evidence as the farmers were warned by whistled messages of the police approaching and were able to prepare. There are similar stories of La Gomera
List is of languages that exist or existed in a whistled form, or of ethnic groups that speak such languages:
Whistled Language Wikipedia
January 5, 2005 - National Geographic
Shepherds who whistle to each other across the rocky terrain of the Canary Islands off northwest Africa are shedding light on the language-processing abilities of the human brain, according to scientists.
Researchers say the endangered whistled "language'" of Gomera island activates parts of the brain normally associated with spoken language, suggesting that the brain is remarkably flexible in its ability to interpret sounds as language.
"Science has developed the idea of brain areas that are dedicated to language, and we are starting to understand the scope of signals that can be recognized as language," said David Corina, co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of Washington in Seattle.
Silbo Gomero is a substitute for Spanish, with individual words recoded into whistles. Vowels and consonants are replaced by tones that are whistled at different frequencies. ("Silbo" comes from the Spanish "silbar" -to whistle.)
Known as silbadores, the whistlers of Gomera are traditionally shepherds and other isolated mountain folk. Their novel means of staying in touch allows them to communicate over long distances - Silbador whistles can travel up to six miles (ten kilometers). "Spanish consonants are mapped into four different whistles and the five vowels into two whistles," explained lead researcher Manuel Carreiras, psychology professor at the University of La Laguna on the Canary island of Tenerife. "There is much more ambiguity in the whistled signal than in the spoken signal," he added.
Because whistled "words" can be hard to distinguish, silbadores also rely on repetition and context to make themselves understood.
Brain Activity
The study team used neuroimaging equipment to contrast the brain activity of silbadores while listening to whistled and spoken Spanish. Results showed the left temporal lobe of the brain, which is usually associated with spoken language, was engaged during the processing of Silbo Gomero.
The researchers found that other regions in the brain's frontal lobe also responded to the whistles, including those activated in response to sign language among deaf people. However, brain areas activated in experienced Silbadores differed significantly from those in nonwhistlers who listened to the same sounds but could not understand them. "Our results provide more evidence about the flexibility of human capacity for language in a variety of forms," Corina said. "These data suggest that left-hemisphere language regions are uniquely adapted for communicative purposes, independent of the modality of signal. The non-Silbo speakers were not recognizing Silbo as a language. They had nothing to grab onto, so multiple areas of their brains were activated."
Carreiras said silbadores are able to pass a surprising amount of information via their whistles. "The shepherds could whistle a conversation about relativity theory if they wanted, however, they usually talk about other things," he said. "In daily life they use whistles to communicate short commands, but any Spanish sentence could be whistled."
A silbador sticks a finger in his or her mouth to increase the whistle's pitch. The other hand can be cupped like a megaphone to direct the sound.
African Roots
Carreiras says the origins of Silbo Gomero remain obscure but that indigenous Canary Islanders, who were of North African extraction, already had a whistled language when Spain conquered the volcanic islands in the 15th century.
Whistled languages survive today in Papua New Guinea, Mexico, Vietnam, Guyana, China, Nepal, Senegal, and a few mountainous pockets in southern Europe. There are thought to be as many as 70 whistled languages still in use, though only 12 have been described and studied scientifically.
This form of communication is an adaptation found among cultures where people are often isolated from each other, according to Julien Meyer, a researcher at the Institute of Human Sciences in Lyon, France. "They are mostly used in mountains or dense forests," he said.
Whistled languages, Meyer said, "are quite clearly defined and represent an original adaptation of the spoken language - like a local cellular phone - for the needs of isolated human groups."
But with modern communication technologies now widely available, researchers say whistled languages like Silbo Gomero are threatened with extinction.
"It was a way of communication over deep valleys and steep mountains," Carreiras said. "Now you can do that with cell phones."
With dwindling numbers of Gomera islanders still fluent in the language, Canaries authorities are taking steps to try to ensure its survival.
Since 1999 Silbo Gomero has been taught in all of Gomera's elementary schools. In addition, locals are seeking assistance from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
"The local authorities are trying to get an award from UNESCO to declare [Silbo Gomero] as something that should be preserved for humanity," Carreiras added.


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For Sale: 1980 Pontiac Firebird
1980 Pontiac Turbo Trans AM - Pace car
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Aberdeen Caledonian Thistle Celtic Dundee United Hearts Hibernian Kilmarnock Motherwell Partick Thistle Ross County St Johnstone St Mirren
Birmingham City Blackburn Rovers Blackpool Bolton Wanderers Bournemouth Brentford Brighton & Hove Albion Cardiff City Charlton Athletic Derby County Fulham Huddersfield Town Ipswich Town Leeds United Middlesbrough Millwall Norwich City Nottingham Forest Reading Rotherham United Sheffield Wednesday Watford Wigan Athletic
Manchester City told to stump up £50m for Fernandinho
ROBERTO MANCINI will have to stump up £50m if he wants to sign Brazilian star Fernandinho.
If Manchester City meet the clause then a deal can be done, so it is down to them now.
But Starsport can reveal Fernandinho has a £50m buy-out clause in his contract and Shakhtar are set to play hardball with the Blues.
The attacking midfield star is desperate to come to the Premier League but Shakhtar want to keep him.
A source said: "He wants to go to England but will not force his club's hand.
"If Manchester City meet the clause then a deal can be done, so it is down to them now."
Fernandinho, who has won five caps for Brazil, helped his club win the UEFA Cup in 2009 and the Ukrainian league title this season.
His arrival at City could see Scott Sinclair and Samir Nasri leave the Etihad.
Mancini has made it clear he will not wait all summer to land his transfer targets.
He insists the Blues cannot make the same mistakes as last season and risk missing out on signing stars he wants to make his side stronger.


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This survey course in financial accounting emphasizes the use of financial accounting information in decision making by individuals in business, government, and other organizations. The accounting environment is examined along with the basic principles and concepts, which govern the recording and reporting of accounting data. Study of the language of debits and credits, accrual accounting, and the accounting cycle establishes the framework for comprehending how accounting data is transformed into the financial statements and utilized by decision makers. Accounting of current and long-term assets and liabilities is introduced along with the study of contributed capital, retained earnings and the non-operating components of income. The course concludes with comprehensive financial statement analysis for decision-making purposes. Throughout the course, where applicable, students will be exposed to global accounting standards (i.e., International Financial Reporting Standards).
An introduction to the scope and method of economics with emphasis on the structure and operation of the United States economy: scarcity and resource allocation, the price system, national income and related problems, the role of government in the economic sphere, and theories of economic growth.
A study of the legal aspects involved in the making of contracts and the enforcement thereof, both under the general law and under the Uniform Commercial Code. Also covers the legal aspects of the relationships of principal and agent and of the responsibilities resulting therefrom; and of the legal aspects involved in the formation, operation, and dissolution of partnerships and of corporations.
This introductory course provides a global view of management. Comprehensive understanding is gained through a concentrated focus on the management functions and activities. Also covered are the implications, applications, and integration of management concepts with the objectives and policies of a business in a dynamic environment from a global perspective through analyzing and creating innovative solutions for business cases, situations, and problems. Significant computer interaction and use of the Internet is incorporated throughout the course's learning and application activities.
Major microcomputer software applications emphasizing spreadsheets, database management and presentation software are studied. Students learn the methodology of the development and design of templates for a business environment. Techniques for using software are learned and applied to the solution of business information problems. Students also access the Internet for supplemental data to assist in creating contemporary and resourceful projects. This course uses Office 2007/2010.
This course focuses on the natural vs. human impacted process of global warming. Students will learn to apply scientific method to evolving problems and apply techniques of ascertaining risks, dealing with uncertainty and adaptive management of impact of global warming. The course emphasizes use of interdisciplinary approach combining progressive science and creative management. Role of communication, extension, and public participation to unlock the human and cultural power to managing global warming and climate change adaption at local, national and international level is emphasized. Students will produce a project and develop a portfolio of climate change adaptation is a sector of their interest as a course output.
This case analysis course emphasizes the efficient allocation of resources in business. Topics covered in the course include analysis of cost versus benefit, project planning using the available resources, and employee management and control.
The course focuses on sustainable future including overview of present problems, conservation as wise use and stewardship of resources. Students will analyze case studies comparing natural versus impacted systems. Students are exposed to techniques of taking stock of present, past and creatively planning for future desired condition in relation to environmental resources, processes and their interrelationships with solar energy, biological diversity, cycling of water, nutrients and pollutants and population pressure. In view of social, economic and environmental context and human impact on the environment, integrated approaches combining preventive, curative, and participatory approach to managing environmental change and sustainability is emphasized at different scales ranging from local to global level.
This course emphasizes on combining the power of spatial/geographic data with information system and technology to develop purposeful business information and decisions. Students are exposed to GIS applications, input and manipulation of data, conversion of data into usable databases, data analysis, and generation of map output and reports to supplement information systems and technology.
This course focuses on scope, principles and strategies for global information system development. Students learn about developing guidelines based on organizational characteristics, system characteristics, subsidiaries and headquarters needs, information system department characteristics and system success. The course examines case studies/ real life examples to demonstrate the viability of these strategies and the accompanying factors.
This course focuses on the integrated analysis of business in the context of economic, social, environmental and development context. The main thrust is on understanding how a business action or a model (such as policy, plan, and program) performs to meet sustainability and on exploring ways of improving the business model. The course culminates with the identification of tools and techniques to address business sustainability issues to reach win-win-win situation.
This course builds on quantitative techniques to expose students to different optimization techniques such as linear programming, goal programming, multi-objective decision making. Students also learn how to take subjective value judgment and qualitative issues into account in the analysis process.
In this course students utilize skills learned in MIS/GIS to complete an independent GIS problem solvingproject in their professional field with guidance and supervision of the faculty supervisor.
Chancellor University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association.
Chancellor University is an independent, private, coeducational institution of higher education. The University offers academic programs in both business and non-business fields leading to Master's, Bachelor's, Associate's, and Certificate's in recognition of professional training and development. Chancellor University has a 160-year tradition of success in preparing students for careers in business and other professions.
Chancellor University provides the following documents in accordance with the IACBE (International Assembly for Collegiate Business Education) policies of disclosure on "current and easily-accessible student learning results for each of their IACBE-accredited business programs."
Business Administration,
Public Administration,
Paralegal Studies


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Blog Map
Pranav released another drop of Open XML Diff. There are a couple of bugs fixed. Read about Open XML Diff here. This tool is a developer's friend. When I'm writing code to generate an Open XML Document, I know how I want the document to render in Word, but am unsure about which element or attribute to tweak. So I save a copy of a doc, modify it, save it again, and compare the two. This lets me know what I want to control programmatically.
This blog is inactive.New blog: EricWhite.com/blogBlog TOC
Cât timp am fost în concediu... Noi resurse pentru dezvoltare: S-a lansat Zermatt beta . Superba stațiune
I would like to find out how to compare two xml files


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Officials with the Federal Aviation Administration have been to scene of Wednesday's plane crash in Caldwell and according to Police Chief Paul Lilly, that agency is now handling the investigation into the cause of the crash.
Lilly says early reports indicate the plane had taken-off from an airport in Sugar Land with two men on board who were travelling to Waco.
Caldwell police are at the baseball field where the plane went down to secure the area until workers from an area salvage company arrive to remove the wreckage and clear the debris left on the field.
Wednesday evening it was a terrifying site for some young baseball players and their families when a plane crashed right before their
The small Cessna went down around 6pm on Nagle Field, a baseball field in Caldwell.
When the plane crashed on the infield, a group of 12-year-olds was practicing in the outfield.
"We were just here to play a little ball," said parent Gene Hawkins. His son Thomas was trying out for the "Colt 45s," a tournament baseball team made up of 12-year-olds.
"We were out there in left field just warming up," said Thomas.
Players and parents say they didn't hear the plane, and only noticed it seconds before it crashed.
"Reports are that they were apparently having engine problems and that they had- this is all second hand- but that they had spotted the runway and were trying to get around to it but just didn't make it," said Caldwell Police Chief Paul Lilly.
"The wing hit the light pole and kinda twisted it around and it went in on its nose," said Gene Hawkins.
The plane was less than half a mile from the Caldwell airport. Officials say airport does not have a tower, and was not in communication with the pilot
Two passengers inside the Cessna plane were taken to local hospitals, one by ambulance, another by PHI air medic helicopter. Police say their injuries are serious, but both are expected to survive.
Caldwell Police officers kept watch over the plane Wednesday evening. Police say there was no danger of a fuel leak, so the plane will remain on the field until federal investigators take a look.
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"We are with you unstintingly." Those were the words that then-Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf said to the U.S. ambassador to Pakistan, Wendy Chamberlin, just after 9/11. Musharraf's promise proved to be largely a lie—but not entirely untrue. Ever since then, whether the Pakistani regime was autocratic or democratic, Islamabad has played a well-thought-out double game with the United States that's involved handing over some jihadis and protecting others for Pakistan's own purposes.
What Did Pakistan Know?
New York Times: Firefight in bin Laden Compound was One-Sided
Photographs Suggest Secret Helicopter Used in bin Laden Raid
Obama May See Boost from Raid, but Nation Still Divided
More bin Laden Coverage >>
And what of the biggest quarry of all—Osama bin Laden? Is there some way of explaining how the al-Qaida leader could spend the last six years ensconced in a large and obtrusive villa in Abbottabad, surrounded by the Pakistani military, without anyone in Pakistani officialdom knowing about it?
No, there probably isn't—and in many ways it's unsurprising that if the Pakistani authorities knew bin Laden was there, his whereabouts might have been, shall we say, closely held. CIA officials have known for years that when it came to the really big game, such as bin Laden, Pakistani authorities were unlikely to be cooperative: They feared that backlash from the Muslim world and their own society would be too great if they were seen as playing stooges to the Americans and violating Pashtun tribal loyalties.
"My bet is they knew he was there," Chamberlin told National Journal. "The fear of backlash is part of it. And Pashtun culture is you don't give up people who've helped you, and he goes back to 1980s," when the mujahideen movement bin Laden was a part of served both U.S. and Pakistani interests against the Soviets.
Pakistan occupies a unique position in American foreign policy. "Any other country, we'd be calling them a state sponsor of terrorism," said a former senior U.S. diplomat. "It's inconceivable that we give $3 billion a year to a country that would harbor Osama bin Laden."
Why does Washington do this—and why is Washington virtually certain to continue providing aid to Pakistan despite the hue and cry in Congress over the bin Laden news? Because Pakistan is a nuclear-armed country that is still mainly secular. Washington has little choice but to support those secular strains and tamp down the Islamist ones, and it can't do this without the help of the Pakistani government, military, and intelligence apparatus, though it is shot through with Islamist sympathizers.
Critics such as Gary Schroen, the former CIA station chief in neighboring Afghanistan, have noted the Pakistani pattern of giving up second-rate Taliban or al-Qaida leaders only to ameliorate American mistrust, then retreating. To maintain his power, Musharraf cut deals with the religious parties that gave extremists succor, in particular the coalition called the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA, or United Action Committee). In the last decade it was Pakistan's rogue chief nuclear scientist, A.Q. Khan (who is still under government protection)--not Saddam Hussein, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, or Kim Jong Il--who was the most dangerous liaison to would-be nuclear terrorists.
At the same time the Pakistani military and intelligence apparatus has grown more cooperative in certain areas as they have become convinced the jihadists they once nurtured as an Islamist counterweight to their fearsome rival, India, have also turned against them. Pakistan helped capture Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the operational kingpin of 9/11, in 2003, and in the years since it has turned over other leading al-Qaida figures. This was partly the result of foolish overreaching by the extremists. As Taliban forces moved into Swat Valley they sought to impose harsh Islamic law and sowed indiscriminate violence that left a bitter taste, prompting support when Pakistani Army Chief of Staff Ashfaq Kayani directed a successful offensive there. Ironically, Pakistani authorities grew so consumed by their own homegrown threats that they may have paid less attention to al-Qaida figures such as bin Laden in their midst, says Seth Jones of the RAND Corporation.


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Sigh of relief in the jailbreak scene: A few minutes ago the evaders have released the jailbreak for iOS released 7 devices. In the corresponding tweet they stated:
@evad3rs: Merry Christmas! The iOS 7 jailbreak has been released at http://t.co/wblOSKyLah! All donations will go to @publicknowledge, @eff and @ffii
On the official website of the hacker teams evasi0n.com, is already switched to the untethered jailbreak. There you will find warnings, instructions and the requirements to jailbreak. It is compatible with iPhones, iPads and iPod touches, running under iOS 7.0.4 7 to iOS.
We recommended to keep distance from the Jailbreak yet, as the servers will now be overloaded, which leads to the essential problems. It is also advisable to wait for first impressions in terms of stability.
Don't forget to follow iDeviceDailys.com on Twitter or link with us on Google+ or Facebook if you don't want to miss any news.


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Reference Desk
Do you need more one-on-one assistance? Please stop by the Reference Desk, located just inside the entrance to Tutt Library.
The Reference Desk is open:
Mon-Thurs, 9:00 am-10:00 pm
Fri, 9:00 am-5:00 pm
Sat, 10:00 am-5:00 pm
Sun, 10:00 am-10:00 pm
Hours are shorter when classes are not in session.
Other ways to contact us:
Chat: tuttlibrarian
library home page.
Mail or in person:
1021 N. Cascade Ave.
Colorado Springs, CO 80903
General Online Reference Resources
Use the specific categories listed in the tabs above to find reference resources. You may also want to consult the following collections of reference resources that Tutt Library offers to the CC Community.
Gale Virtual Reference Library
Includes hundreds of specialized reference books on a variety of subjects. The contents are all available full text. Covers a wide variety of subject areas in the humanities, social sciences and sciences.
Oxford Handbooks Online
The Oxford Handbooks series are a collection in four subject modules: Business and Management, Philosophy, Political Science, and Religion. Each handbook explains the key issues, the classic and contemporary debates on those issues, and sets the agenda for how those debates might evolve. The handbooks offer authoritative and trustworthy guides to the scholarship in these disciplines.
Oxford Reference Online Premium
Oxford Reference Online brings together language and subject reference works into a single cross-searchable resource. Includes over 175 fully-indexed, cross-searchable dictionary, language reference, and subject reference works published by Oxford University Press, including titles in the world-renowned Oxford Companions Series.
Springer reference books, frequently updated. Content focuses on science, technology and medicine.
Also, here is an online resource:


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Hello Everyone,
First, I would like to thank you for viewing my instructable.
And, if you enjoyed it, please give me a vote!
When Ghostbusters first came out in 1984.
I just got out of the US Army.
My older brother had originally made this costume back in 1984.
26 year ago.
So, today I tried to duplicate what I remember from then.
As, I thought it was a very good costume.
I believe he took 1st place at some costume parties.
The costume is fairly easy to make.
Cheap too.
Costume total cost was under $25.
There are many different ways to do things, so I am showing
you the way I did it.
If you know of a better or cheaper way, let us know.
( I believe, there may be a Ghostbusters III coming out in 2012!)
Now onto the instructable...
If you like my instructable, please take a second and vote for me!
Step 1: Items Needed To Make The Costume
Materials Needed
$10 1 - 2" x 4' x 8' sheet of white foam (at your local home store)
$6 Paint (sample cans at your local home store)
red and White
$4 1 - White Sheet (or take the one off your bed!)
$1 6 - Ceiling hooks
$1 6 - Rubber Bands
$3 Transparency film (or just freehand the drawing!)
Tools Needed
Jig saw
Overhead projector (or freehand draw it)
3/4 drill bit (for the eye holes)
Epoxy or white glue
Sandpaper (100 grit and 220 grit)
Now, onto transferring the logo to the foam...
Step 2: Transferring The Ghostbuster Logo To The Foam
overhead projector.
That way, I get everything in correct proportions.
Get the Ghostbuster logo above.
I converted the logo to a vector in Coreldraw.
I made a transparency with my laser copier.
Then I projected it onto the foam.
I used a red sharpie to outline the logo.
Now onto the next step...
GReat job, but...what is with all the money along the wall?
Just curious?
GREAT job!
You got it to the "T"!
Glad you enjoyed the instructable!
Make sure and give me a vote!
It was a hit!!
It looks like a wall-mount, I was surprised to realize there's a person underneath. Great job!
When I used to be more of an actor our set guy made most of our large props and backgrounds from sheet styrofoam like that, if I recall correctly his preferred method of cutting/slicing/detailing the foam was by heating a butter knife with a propane torch and then it goes through the foam like magic without leaving a huge mess of white bits. Never tried it myself but after seeing this I just might, thanks!
The "no sign" might break easily. if you glue cardboard or paneling to the back, it'll strengthen it against accidental bumps.
Cartoon gloves.
I was thinking of regular white gloves.
GREAT thought!
I tried white gloves, and it just is not the same.
The hands would be too small, then.
As, for the "no sign" breaking, it is 2 inch thick foam.
It is pretty reliable.
You could break it easy over your knee, but other then that I think it would be fine.
I wanted to keep it lite!
Thanks for the tips, though..
And don't forget to give me a vote!


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Why is it necessary for someone to be with me upon my discharge?
- It is a hospital regulation that you are discharged from the hospital with a responsible adult. You will have received medications that cause sedation and impair your judgment. Being discharged with a responsible adult will prevent unnecessarily placing others and yourself at risk.
- We ask that you do not drive, operate machinery or make important business decisions for 24 hours.


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Twitter Success Guide 2.0
(2) Getting Started on Twitter Training Videos
And The 5 Major Mistakes to Avoid on Twitter
Just enter your name and best email to receive these Free gifts right away.
Listen to this short call and discover how to use Twitter for Marketing.
Get the latest and Greatest Twitter Tips, Tools, Secrets, News, and More. Click here and connect with TwitterWatchDog http://twitterwatchdog.com


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|Johnnie Michael McElroy
|Sunday, 01 December 2013 19:20
Johnnie Michael McElroy 54 of Glasgow died Saturday, November 30, 2013 in Green County, KY from injuries sustained in an auto accident. Born in Taylor County he was the son of the late Henry Leo McElroy and Annie Agnes Shively McElroy of Finley, KY who survives. Mr. McElroy was a member of the Our Lady of the Hills Catholic Church and owner and operator of Little Pony Express Trucking in Glasgow.
In addition to his mother he is survived by his wife Bobbie Teresa McElroy of Glasgow; 2 sons Michael Brian Spurling & wife Tammie and Jonathan Leo McElroy both of Campbellsville, KY; a daughter Elizabeth Ann McElroy of Finley, KY; a step-daughter Melissa Renee Ross of Merry Oaks; 8 grandchildren Isabelle Spurling, Sophia Spurling, Gabby Vanhoose, Jonathon Sanders, Cheyenne Adkins, Cayden Lane Titsworth, Emily Grace Titsworth and Bryson Lane McElroy; 2 brothers Roy Thomas McElroy & wife Patsy of Lebanon, KY and Charles Wayne McElroy & wife Brenda of Finley, KY; 6 sisters Billie Mae Turner & husband John of Bardstown, Nancy Marie Moore & husband Charles of Lebanon, KY, Mary Elizabeth Parrott & husband Wallace of Lebanon, Gloria Lillian McElroy of Finley, KY, Roberta Ann Lewis & husband Larry of Willisburg, KY and Brenda Kay Goatley & husband Charles of Springfield, KY; several nieces and nephews. In addition to his father he was preceded in death by a half-brother Afton Leroy McElroy.
Funeral services will be 2:00pm CST Wednesday, December 4, 2013 at the Our Lady of the Hills Catholic Church in Campbellsville, KY with burial in the church cemetery. Visitation will be on Tuesday after 1:00pm CST at the A. F. Crow & Son Funeral home and Wednesday from 10:00am CST until time for the service at the Our Lady of the Hills Catholic Church.
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Blues Get Back on Track With Win Over Detroit
Categories: Aaron Schafer, Blues
Consider the trial passed, as the Blues pulled out a tough 3-2 victory and moved into a tie with the Red Wings for second place in the Central Division with 33 points. It was exactly the sort of win we've seen from this Hitchcock-led team: a tough defensive clamp job and juuuust enough offense. There was one very notable, and very important, difference, though. Last night the Blues finally won with special teams play.
The power play and, to a lesser extent, the penalty kill have both been significant bugaboos for the Blues this year. They've been unstoppable playing at even strength, but on special teams it's been another story entirely. Last night, though, the Blues picked up a pair of power play goals and killed off almost every man advantage the Red Wings could throw at them. It wasn't perfect, but it was a win. And that's plenty good enough.
Notes after the break.
- You could see how well the Blues' defense played last night, not only in the score, but in the way the Red Wings reacted. The referees called what I thought was an unnecessarily tight game, but at the same time Detroit committed some really foolish penalties I've never seen from a Red Wing team. You could see the frustration in the body language of the Detroit players, and you could see it bubble over several different times, leading to sloppy, undisciplined play and a couple of really bad penalties. In fairness to the Red Wings, I think I would have gotten pissed and tried to take out Brian Elliott too if I were playing 80% of the game in my own end.
- T.J. Oshie played a monster of a game last night. If Oshie was on the ice, he was within five foot of the puck. Every time Detroit tried to do anything, there was Oshie. Breaking up the play. Throwing his body around. Hassling, harassing, everything. He was outstanding, and really has been most of the season. Since the coaching change, though, Oshie seems to have elevated himself to another level entirely. He's been unbelievable, and is the number one reason the top line has been so good of late.
- Patrik Berglund should be shooting the puck more. Every time I see him actually wind up and really let one go, I'm always shocked how well he shoots the puck because we just don't see nearly enough of it out of him. The slapshot goal he sent to the top short side corner last night on a fast break was one of the single most impressive goals I've seen a player make in the NHL this season. Berglund has the size, strength, and the shot to be a real weapon. Why he plays like a finessey, pass-first small wing I don't quite understand.
- The referee who called David Perron for goaltender interference late in the game last night should be ashamed of himself. One of the worst calls I've ever seen. Perron was pushed from behind, which doesn't qualify as interference anyway, and then to cap it off Wings' goalie Jimmy Howard jumped on top of Perron and started wailing away. Somehow, though, the goalie didn't get a penalty called on him. I would never call for a player to face retribution from another team, but if I'm a Blues player this morning I'm probably thinking about crashing the net a little extra hard next time I see the Red Wings. The call was an absolute disgrace, and the fact that referee will still have a job at the end of this week is a joke.
I could nitpick and say the Blues won't be able to get away with scoring three goals or less every night forever, but I'm not going to. Howard played an outstanding game in goal for Detroit, and in reality the Blues could easily have had two or three more goals if not for his work in net. The Blues bounced back from their worst performance under Ken Hitchcock with one of their best. They absolutely dominated a very good Detroit team, and if not for some serious officiating hijinks late in the game it would never have even looked like a close game.
Sponsor Content


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Johnson City Community Health Center Fall 2012
Johnson City Community Health Center, is managed by the East Tennessee State University College of Nursing. This facility brings together many of the health care resources of ETSU – especially the College of Nursing and the College of Clinical and Rehabilitative Health Sciences – together under one roof, with one goal in mind: meeting your health care needs. We are proud to welcome you
to this new clinic – JCCHC – which is a state-of-the-art facility on par with any of its kind in the United States. Funded by a generous
grant from the U.S. Department of Health Resources and Services Administration, it was built through the vision of leaders at ETSU,
the College of Nursing and the College of Clinical and Rehabilitative Health Sciences, all of whom are dedicated to providing access to basic health care services for all in our community and region. But this new building retains the foundation of its pre- decessor,
Johnson City Downtown Clinic, and that foundation is a philosophy of exceptional, individualized care for all patients. We have
changed the name of the clinic because it is no longer located downtown and due to the expansion of services. The staff at JCCHC continues the proud legacy of the JCDC. And like the JCDC, this new clinic is part of the College of Nursing's Faculty Practice
Network, which is a national leader in providing quality, affordable care to patients through community-based clinics. Visit our other
Johnson City primary clinics: the Day Center which provides care for the homeless located at 202 W. Fairview Avenue, and
JCCHC/JCHA Partners in Health Clinic which provides care for the residents of public housing located at 1136 E. Main Street. JCCHC is managed by nurse practitioners, or NPs, from the ETSU College of Nursing, and in addition to care provided by NPs, you may receive
care from other health care experts who are faculty members at ETSU, or students training under faculty supervision.


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Posted at: 04/02/2013 6:46 PM
Updated at: 04/02/2013 6:47 PM
By: Joseph Lynch, KOB Eyewitness News 4
The N.R.A.'s latest idea for school security has been debated already in New Mexico. It's a simple plan leading to a complicated debate. At least one person, with one gun, in every one of our nation's schools.
"I don't think the NRA has spoken to teachers." says Ellen Bernstein of Albuquerque Teacher's Federation Union. She says no thanks to the NRA and its latest suggestion it made to train and arm at least one staff member at every school.
"I don't think the NRA has any business making recommendations to have more guns in schools as a way to solve societal violence."
The NRA suggests 40 to 60 hours of training for school staff before they are armed. Outside Dolores Gonzales Elementary in southwest Albuquerque, KOB Eyewitness News 4 found parents like Mona Bartolini, who like the idea.
"I just think it would be safer for the kids. With all the strange people going around nowadays. You just never know or not if your kids are safe at school or not."
Kathryn Burke thinks that not doing anything is the worst option.
"I think that if it comes down to it and it happens at one of our schools and nobody is there to protect our kids- every single person here is going to be angry that nobody stepped up to protect their children."
New Mexico Senator Sue Beffort Wilson proposed a bill in this last legislative session that would have allowed for an armed person in every school in New Mexico. That bill never made it out of committee.


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£2.00 per 100ml
Beautycard Points: 5 points
Log in to add product to Wishlists
Product Information
This highly effective, quickly absorbed formulation delivers a fresh feeling moisture boost to skin.
The refreshing formula of Vitamin E and Jojoba Oil leaves skin feeling sensationally soft and smooth, delivering long- lasting moisturisation for your face, body and hands
Product Specification
Aqua, Glycerin, Paraffinum Liquidum, Myristyl Alcohol, Butylene Glycol, Alcohol Denat, Stearic Acid, Myristyl Myristate, Cera Microcristallina, Glyceryl Stearate, Hydrogenated Coco- Glycerides, Simmondsia Chinensis Oil, Tocopheryl Acetate, Lanolin Alcohol (Eucerit?), Polyglyceryl- 2 Caprate, Dimethicone, Sodium Carbomer, Phenoxyethanol, Linalool, Citronellol, Alpha- Isomethyl Ionone, Butylphenyl Methylpropional, Limonene, Benzyl Salicylate, Benzyl Alcohol, Parfum.
Size (300) Unit (ML) Height (5.2) Width (9.2) Depth (9.5)
How to Use
Apply daily on your face, body and hands
You can use this on your body, hands and face. It's light enough not to make our face feel like an oil slick yet it's powerful enough for dry cracked hands and rough dry skin. This is outstanding value too. Can't praise this enough!
Would you recommend this product: YesFlag this review
This soft cream melts into the skin and really made a huge difference to the skin on my hands and feet within days, it has also made a difference to my nails, they look healthier and seem stronger. I cannot praise this inexpensive product enough, many of my friends are converted too.
Would you recommend this product: YesFlag this review


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Madison County resident and Georgia State Representative hopeful David Vogel addressed the Elbert County Board of Education during their regular monthly meeting on Monday.
"It seems like the Christian thing for you to do would be to help spread that pain. You are not at the top of your millage rate", said Vogel. "You could save this school system by saving its teachers and spreading the pain around instead of firing teachers"
Vogel, who is running against Republican Incumbent Tom McCall, continued.
"I would say that is not only the Christian thing to do, but a Christian imperative, and if I hear those of you who voted for the closure of Bowman school saying that you can not change your minds about this. I will have to tell your children that Christianity has its evil side."
Vogel is running on the Democratic ticket for Georgia's District 30 State Representative Seat in November's General Election. McCall told WSGC that he had no reaction to Vogel's statement to the school board.
Elbert County School Superintendent Rick Higginbotham said that topping out the millage rate would not have helped given the situation the school board faced.
"Right now our millage rate is right at sixteen mills, and the highest it can go is twenty mills. Four mills would raise less than two million dollars a year", explained Rick Higginbotham. "In 2011, the deficit was 4.9 million dollars. Even with the highest mill rate we would have still been 2.9 million dollars short.
The school board approved the 2012 Millage Rate of 16.057 during Monday night's meeting.


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|Romie Haynes
|Thursday, 24 February 2011 09:13
Romie Haynes 88 of Glasgow died Thursday February 24, 2011 at Glenview Health Care in Glasgow. He was born in Barren County the son of the late Wilburn and Leona Richey Haynes. Mr. Haynes was a farmer and very active in Farmer's Markets in Glasgow and Bowling Green.
He is survived by 1 daughter Rebecca Green (Eugene) of Smiths Grove; 2 sons Johnny Haynes (Jennifer) of Glasgow and Mitchell Haynes of Smiths Grove; a daughter in law Tina Haynes of Glasgow; 10 grandchildren and several great-grandchildren; 3 sisters Irene Jones of Glasgow, Aline Davis of Louisiana and Norma Jean Lyles of Texas.
He was preceded in death by a son Richard Haynes, a brother Benton Haynes and three sisters Dorothy Green, Marie Wilborn and Clarine Hines.
Funeral services will be 2:00 PM Saturday February 26th at the A. F. Crow & Son Funeral Home with burial in the Henderson Cemetery. Visitation will begin at 1:00 PM Friday.


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March 9, 2010
2010 Mountain West Conference Tournament
Tuesday: Lobos 67, Colorado State 54
Wednesday: Lobos vs. Utah, 5:30 p.m. (MT), Thomas & Mack Center
On The Air: 610-AM The Sports Animal
GoLobos.com: GameTracker, game story, stats
By Richard Stevens -- Senior Writer/GoLobos.com
It's New Mexico vs. Utah, Amy Beggin vs. Kalee Whipple, Don Flanagan vs. Elaine Elliott, tradition vs. tradition, and do-or-die for both teams.
The only way this thing could be any better is if it was a Mountain West Conference championship game instead of a MWC quarterfinal tussle.
In the be-careful-what-you-wish-for department, it will be decided Wednesday at 5:30 p.m. (MT), whether Beggin's wish for UNM's quarterfinal opponent is a good thing for Lobos or not so good.
Of course, the wish really had nothing to do with whom the Lobos would play in the second round of the Mountain West Conference tournament. This clash was probably part destiny and part bracket.
The Lobos used a Beggin-fueled run down the stretch to beat Colorado State 67-54 Tuesday in the Vegas Thomas & Mack Center. UNM moves on to play the winner of Tuesday's Air Force vs. Utah game.
Of course, that's Utah -- arguably, probably, definitely, the Lobos' most bitter rival in the conference. Beggin, out with a head and neck injury, did not play in UNM's Pit loss to Utah. "That was hard to watch," said Beggin.
Beggin won't be watching Wednesday against the only MWC team that swept the Lobos during the 2010 season and knocked UNM out of the 2009 MWC tourney. The Utes got 24 points from Taryn Wicijowski and 16 points and 12 boards from Kalee Whipple to power past 3-27 Air Force, 63-40.
"I think everybody on our team remembers what happened last year when we played (Utah) here," said Beggin. "We haven't beat them in a long time. I think we're looking forward to that matchup.
"If somebody on our team can't get fired up -- we're really fired up for this game. I think it will be a good matchup and hopefully we can just kind of break through that barrier and get a win this time."
The Lobos were paced by Sarah Halasz with 20 points and six boards and Beggin with 18 points, five rebounds and four assists. CSU got 16 points from Chatil Van Grinsven, 13 from Kim Mestdagh, and 11 points from Meghan Heimistra.
The Lobos shot a solid 42.1 percent from the floor and 36 percent from 3-point line. UNM won the board battle 38-to-31.
The Lobos came out of the break up by seven and got back-to-back treys by Halasz and Eileen Weissman to go up 41-28. CSU, down by 11 points, called time.
"Coach just came in (at halftime) saying keep the momentum up," said Halasz. "Keep working hard, keep pushing and keep attacking them, don't let them get easy opportunities, just keep pushing at them."
The Rams pushed back and came at the Lobos hard. The Lobos answered most of the CSU punches. Still, with under nine minutes to play, CSU had cut UNM's lead to 54-49. A Beggin turnover let the Rams cut it to 54-51. Flanagan called a timeout with 8:01 to go.
At 7:02, Beggin went to the line and knocked down two: 56-51. Mestagh hit a trey over Halasz to make it 56-54. Beggin hammered in a long trey to push UNM up 59-54. Beggin scored again to make it 61-54. Beggin again: 63-54. UNM was up by nine, Beggin was on a 7-0 run, and CSU called time with 4:30 to go.
"I think those points I got were a credit to my teammates," said Beggin. "They did a great job of setting me up and making it pretty easy for me to get some baskets. I do like to maybe make something happen when things aren't going right."
Weissman probably sealed the deal for UNM with a long set shot that handed UNM a 65-54 lead. The Lobos took that 11-point bulge into the final media break at 2:53. They held off the Rams for the 13-point win. CSU did not score a point after pulling to 56-54 with 6:41 to play.
"I think defense is something that has been consistent for us all year long," said Beggin. "Some games we haven't shot very well. Our offense has been a little stagnant.
"Defensively we've been a pretty strong team all year long. I think that's something we need to continue to do in the tournament if we want to stay in games and something we need to do to be successful."
The win pushed UNM to 18-11 on the season.
First Half -- Lobos 35, CSU 28
The Lobos got 11 first-half points from Halasz and three blocks and six points from senior Valerie Kast to grab the seven-point lead. The Lobos rallied from a 4-of-17 (23.5 percent) start from the floor to end up 12-of-29 (41.4 percent).
UNM used a 12-0 run to pull out of a 14-10 hole into a 22-14 lead and raced to the 35-28 halftime score. CSU shot 33.3 percent in the first half. UNM won the board battle 20-18.
The Lobos ran to a quick 5-4 lead fueled by a short jumper by Halasz and a 3-pointer by Beggin. CSU got buckets from its top two scorers: Van Grinsven inside and Mestdagh outside. At the first media timeout at 15:26, UNM was up 8-6 on a 3-pointer by Halasz.
The Rams threw out a 7-2 run to take a 13-10 lead into the 11:35 media break. UNM was 4-of-13 (30.8 percent) from the floor. At the 8:45 mark, CSU called time nursing a 14-12 lead. UNM pulled within two points off two free throws by Kast. At that mark, UNM had six turnovers and four field goals, 4-of-17 for 23.5 percent.
At the 6:41 media break, Beggin had hit a 15-footer to knot the game at 14-all. UNM had the ball on a Porche Torrance steal. That led to two free throws by Beggin. The All-MWC senior made both and UNM was up 16-14. When Taylor added a 3-pointer, UNM was up 19-14 and on a 9-0 run. CSU called time.
The Rams missed and Beggin found Halasz for another trey: 22-14. Van Grinsven finally broke the UNM run with a single free throw: 22-15. Jackson drove the lane and pushed UNM up 24-15. The Lobo run was 14-to-1.
Mestdagh then drove, scored and got fouled. She made the free one to pull CSU to 24-18. UNM turned it over which led to CSU's Meixandra Porter at the line going into the final media break at 3:39. The Lobos' shooting had warmed up to 33.3 percent, 8-of-24. Porter made both shots: 24-20.
Best missed inside for UNM, but got banged and went to the line. Best hit two: 26-20. Mestdagh and Heimstra then hit treys sandwiched around a Halasz trey and it was 29-26 in UNM's favor.
Kast did some good work for UNM down the stretch including three blocks and two layups that helped UNM to its 35-28 halftime lead.
"A lot of times when things happen good for your team late in the half, it gives you momentum," said Flanagan. "It gives you a feeling at halftime that things are going pretty well.
"I think it's important that we go into halftime with a positive. And I thought Val's block was a positive, got the crowd in it. That's one thing I want to say. We have terrific fan support and it was obvious today."


text:
Process for the treatment of a material comprising a polymer, especially a polyamide. The process consists in subjecting the polyamide to hydrolysis in the presence of a hydrolyzing nitrous grouping and transforming the hydrolyzed compounds into diacids. The treatment of a polyamide 6.6 results in the recovery of adipic acid and other diacids corresponding to the participating acid monomer and to the transformation of at least one part of the diamine monomer into diacids.
1. A process for treating a material comprising a polymer containing an amide functional group, said process comprising hydrolyzing said material in the presence of nitrous groups dissolved in a hydrolysis medium to obtain a hydrolyzed material and oxidizing said hydrolyzed material;
wherein said polymer comprises a polyamide obtained by the polycondensation of a diamine with a diacid.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the hydrolysis medium is an oxidizing medium.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the nitrous groups are obtained by the thermal or chemical decomposition of at least one compound containing NOx groups.
4. The process according to claim 3, wherein the at least one compound containing NOx groups is nitric acid, an alkali metal nitrite, a metal nitrite or nitrous vapors.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the hydrolysis medium is an aqueous solution with a pH lower than 1.
6. The process according to claim 5, wherein the hydrolysis medium has an H+ concentration of at least 1 mole/l.
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the hydrolyzing is carried out at a temperature of 100� C. or lower.
8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the hydrolyzing is carried out at a temperature between 40 and 100� C.
9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the hydrolyzing occurs in the presence of an oxidation catalyst.
10. The process according to claim 9, wherein the oxidation catalyst is a metal compound.
11. The process according to claim 10, wherein the metal compound is a compound of copper, vanadium, titanium, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, ruthenium, manganese or iridium.
12. The process according to claim 1, wherein after hydrolyzing, the solid residues are removed from the hydrolysis mixture, and the dicarboxylic acids produced are extracted from the hydrolysis mixture.
13. The process according to claim 12, wherein the dicarboxylic acids are extracted by crystallization.
14. The process according to claim 13, wherein the dicarboxylic acids are dicarboxylic acid compounds having a number of carbon atoms equal to or less than the number of carbon atoms in the monomer compound or compounds employed to synthesize the polymer.
15. The process according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is a polymer originating from at least one monomer containing at least one acidic and/or amine functional group not bonded directly to an aromatic nucleus.
16. The process according to claim 15, where in the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyether amides, polyester amides, polyether ester amides, polyaramids, copolymers thereof and mixtures thereof.
17. The process according to claim 16, wherein the polyamides are selected from the group consisting of polyamides obtained by the polycondensation of a diamine with a diacid, polyamides obtained by polycondensation of an amino acid, the copolyamides thereof and mixtures thereof.
18. The process according to claim 17, wherein the polyamides are selected from the group consisting of PA 6.6, PA 6.4, PA 6.11, PA 6.12, A 4.6, PA 6, PA 12 and PA 11.
19. The process according to claim 1, wherein the material comprises a polymer or a mixture of polymers.
20. The process according to claim 1, wherein the material further comprises additives and inorganic or organic fillers.
21. The process according to claim 1, wherein the material is hydrolyzed without pretreatment.
22. The process according to claim 1, wherein the material is treated to reduce the particle size or to separate the material from other materials prior to the hydrolyzing.
23. A process for treating a polymer containing amide functional groups made by the polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid with a diamine, said process comprising treating the polymer with a hydrolysis medium having nitrous groups dissolved therein, wherein said treating generates the original dicarboxylic acid, and the original diamine, and converts a portion of the original diamine into a dicarboxylic acid.
The present invention relates to a process for treating a material comprising a polymer to recover at least partially the monomers forming the polymer.
It relates more particularly to a process for treating a material comprising a polymer containing amide functional groups by oxidative hydrolysis of these amide functional groups to regenerate monomers which can be employed for the synthesis of identical or different polymers.
Synthetic materials and, among these, polymers containing amide functional groups, such as polyamides and more particularly polyamide 6.6 or polyamide 6 are increasingly employed for the production of varied articles such as textile fibres, technical industrial yarns, filaments or moulded articles such as components for electricity, electronics or motor vehicles. These synthetic materials are generally employed in the form of compositions containing various additives in addition to the synthetic material in order, for example, to increase their stability to heat or to radiations, to improve their mechanical, electrical or electrostatic properties, colorants and pigments. These additives are of very varied nature and may be organic as well as inorganic compounds.
In addition, especially in the case of the production of moulded articles, the compositions include fillers, frequently inorganic, such as glass fibres, talc, clay and the like.
The materials thus produced may be destroyed after use. One of the means for conventional destruction is incineration, which enables energy to be recovered. However, it is also proposed to recycle these materials. One of the means of recycling consists in depolymerizing the polymer or synthetic material into compounds of lower degree of condensation and, if possible, regenerating the initial monomers to enable them to be recycled into the polymerization processes. One of the processes proposed for recycling polyamide is a process consisting in hydrolysing the polymer in basic medium. However, this process does not make it possible to regenerate the monomers and generally requires a preliminary separation between the polymer and the fillers. Moreover, the additives present in the polymer, especially when they are organic in nature, may contaminate the products recovered after the hydrolysis, it being possible for this contamination to prevent their being recycled.
One of the objectives of the present invention is especially to propose a process making it possible to treat materials which may comprise fillers and/or additives, to hydrolyse the amide functional groups of the polymer present in the material in order to regenerate, on the one hand, the original dicarboxylic acid and, on the other hand, to produce one or more carboxylic acids whose chemical structure corresponds substantially to that of the original diamine or amino acid monomers.
To this end, the invention proposes a process for treating a material comprising a polymer containing at least amide functional groups. This process is characterized in that it consists in subjecting the material to a hydrolysis in the presence of nitrous groups dissolved in the hydrolysis medium and to an oxidation.
According to a preferred embodiment the hydrolysis medium is an oxidizing medium.
According to a characteristic of the invention the nitrous groups are obtained by chemical or thermal decomposition of at least one compound containing these groups.
Thus, compounds generating nitrous groups which may be mentioned by way of example are nitric acid, alkali metal and metal nitrites, nitrous vapours (NOx) or the like.
The hydrolysis medium is an aqueous medium exhibiting an acid pH preferably lower than 1.
In a preferred embodiment the H+ concentration in the medium is at least 1 mole/l (1N).
The process of the invention is advantageously carried out by maintaining the hydrolysis medium at a temperature lower than 100� C., preferably between 40 and 100� C. However, the process of the invention may be carried out under pressure at a temperature above 100� C., for example at a temperature of between 100 and 200� C.
The reaction period is determined so as to have a complete hydrolysis of the polymer and is, for example, a few hours (1 to 10 hours).
It may also be advantageous to have an atmosphere charged with nitrous vapours above the hydrolysis medium.
Solid residues are advantageously removed after reaction, especially by filtration.
The mixture may then be cooled and concentrated to allow the crystallization of the dicarboxylic acids formed. This method for recovering the carboxylic acids is the one most commonly employed, but the separation of these acids may be obtained by any appropriate process.
According to another embodiment the hydrolysis treatment of the invention is carried out in the presence of oxidation catalysts. Suitable catalysts are, for example, metal compounds such as copper, vanadium, titanium, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, ruthenium, manganese or iridium compounds or the like. Examples which may be mentioned are ammonium vanadate and copper nitrate.
The materials which can be treated by the process of the invention are all the materials comprising a polymeric synthetic material in which at least one repeat unit contains at least one amide functional group. Thus, the hydrolysis process of the invention makes it possible to cut the chains especially at each amide functional group to re-form at least the acidic functional group of the original monomer or oligomer and to convert the original diamine monomers or oligomers at least partially into compounds containing a dicarboxylic functional group.
The process of the invention applies more particularly to the treatment of polymers originating from at least one monomer containing acidic and/or amine functional groups which are not linked directly to an aromatic nucleus.
Other organic compounds present in the polymer or compounds not converted into dicarboxylic acids undergo an oxidation in the hydrolysis medium of the invention and are therefore generally degraded to carbon, CO2, H2 O and CO.
The polymeric synthetic materials that can be treated by the process of the invention are, for example, polyamides, polyetheresteramides, polyesteramides, polyetheramides and polyaramids.
This process is preferably applied to the treatment of polyamides such as the polyamides obtained by polycondensation of a linear dicarboxylic acid with a linear diamine, such as PA 6.6, PA 6.10, PA 6.12 or between an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a linear or aromatic diamine, such as polyterephthatamides, polyisophthalamides, polyaramids and polyamides obtained by polycondensation of an amino acid with itself, it being possible for the amino acid to be generated by the opening of a lactam ring, such as, for example, PA 6, PA 7, PA 11, PA 12. The process of the invention is also suitable for treating the copolyamides derived especially from the above polyamides, or mixtures of polyamides or copolyamides.
The materials which can be treated by the process of the invention may also contain components other than the polymeric synthetic material. In fact, and this represents a considerable advantage of the process, it is not necessary to separate the polymeric synthetic material from the other components such as fillers, adjuvants or additives which are generally mixed with the said material to improve some of its properties, or to give it a different appearance, as in the case of colorants.
Thus, the generally inorganic fillers which are mixed with the synthetic material, especially to reinforce its mechanical properties, are not hydrolysed and precipitate in the hydrolysis medium. The same goes for the inorganic additives such as titanium oxide, usually employed as delustring agent in textile or technical yarns and fibres.
The other organic additives are generally hydrolysed, oxidized and converted into carbon, carbon monoxide, water or other oxides. However, it is also possible for the degradation of some of these compounds not to be complete, but the resulting degradation products will be separated form the dicarboxylic acids by crystallization of the latter.
Thus, the process of the invention makes it possible to treat the raw materials from their recovery, such as, for example, carpet yarns, nylon stockings and moulded articles. The materials can be treated as they are or after a treatment such as separation of other materials like metal inserts, or reduction to small particles, for example by grinding or chopping to permit an accelerated hydrolysis.
The process of the invention therefore permits a recycling of polymers such as polyamides in the form of diacid monomers. In the case of the treatment of PA 6.6 the process makes it possible to recover the adipic acid originally introduced and to convert hexamethylenediamine at least partially to adipic acid or dicarboxylic acids containing a smaller number of carbon atoms, such as, for example, glutaric acid and succinic acid.
Other objectives, advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear more clearly in the light of the examples given below solely by way of guidance.
In a preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in a reactor containing a hydrolysis medium consisting generally of an aqueous solution of nitric acid, to which sodium nitrite--as a compound generating nitrous groups--and, optionally, catalysts are added.
The material to be treated is added to the hydrolysis medium as it is or in chopped or ground form. In most cases the material is introduced as it is.
The reaction mixture is kept stirred and at a determined temperature for approximately 4 hours.
After reaction the reaction mixture is cooled and diluted with water.
The quantity of dicarboxylic acid, especially of adipic, glutaric and succinic acid when the original polymer is PA 6.6 or PA 6, is determined by measurement using liquid phase chromatography.
The efficiency of conversion to dicarboxylic acids is expressed by the ratio of the measured quantity of acids in relation to the theoretical quantity of acids which is obtained, assuming that the hydrolysis of the amide functional group regenerates the original acidic functional groups and converts the amine functional groups to acid functional groups.
The reaction mixture is optionally filtered to remove the solid residues, and the dicarboxylic acids are then separated and recovered by concentration and crystallization, using known techniques for the crystallization of adipic acid.
Material treated: pure polyamide 6.6 containing:
730 meq./kg NH2 and
750 meq./kg COOH.
This polymer has a degree of polymerization DP close to 12.
The hydrolysis medium contains 5 ml of nitric acid solution at a concentration of 56% by weight with 76.8 mg of CuO and 4.5 mg of NH4 VO3.
17.1 mg of NaNO2 are added to the mixture.
A considerable release of nitrous vapour takes place in the reactor.
0.3265 g of PA 6.6 are then added and the mixture is kept at 70� C. for 4 hours. (This mass of PA 6.6 potentially contains 1832 meq. of COOH functional groups per kg of PA and 1832 meq. of NH2 functional groups per kg of PA).
After cooling and dilution with water, the dicarboxylic acids produced are determined by liquid phase chromatography:
adipic acid: 1.081 mol/kg
glutaric acid: 0.021 mol/kg
succinic acid: 0.101 mol/kg
theoretical quantity of regenerated diacids: 1.832 mol/kg
conversion yields
adipic acid: 59.0%
glutaric acid: 1.1%
succinic acid: 5.5%
total diacids: 65.6%
The results obtained in the treatment of pure PA 6.6 with various operating conditions are collated in Table I below.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________test 1 2 3 4 5 6 A B__________________________________________________________________________PA 6.6no. mmol AA (1) 1.39 1.430 1.43 1.42 1.41 1.40 1.40 1.41no. mmol HMDA (1) 1.39 1.43 1.43 1.42 1.41 1.40 1.40 1.41free residual AA (mmol) 0.333 0.341 0.341 0.340 0.337 0.334 0.334 0.337NaNO2 0.313 0.338 1.414 0.304 0.32 5.38 . . . . . .Acid HNO3 HNO3 HNO3 HNO3 HNO3 HNO3 HNO3 H2 SO4 56% 56% 56% 29% 56% 56% (bleached) 36.3% 56%Catalyst Cu(NO3)2 NH4 VO3 . . . Cu(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 . . . . . . Cu(NO3)2Temperature 70� C. 70� C. 70� C. 70� C. 70� C. 70� C. 70� C. 70� C.Duration 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 hTheretical mmol diacid 2.120 2.17 2.17 2.16 2.15 2.13 2.13 2.15mmol SA 0.140 0.155 0.109 0 0.102 0.179 0 0Y % 6.62 7.12 5.03 4.75 8.42mmol GA 0.017 0.022 0 0 0 0.038 0 0Y % 0.80 1.01 0.81mmol AA 1.082 1.110 1.099 0.496 1.06 1.136 0.008 0.024Y % 51.19 50.96 50.69 23 49.54 53.42 0.38 1.11mmol diacids 1.239 1.287 1.208 0.496 1.16 1.353 0.008 0.024Y % 58.62 59.09 53.72 23 54.29 63.63 0.38 1.11__________________________________________________________________________ AA = adipic acid GA = glutaric acid SA = succinic acid HMDA = hexamethylenediamine (1) no. of mmol of monomers used to produce the polymer
These examples clearly show that the presence of nitrous groups is necessary to obtain a hydrolysis of the amide functional group (Example A employs a nitric acid bleached with sulphonic acid to remove the nitrous groups).
Furthermore, they clearly show that the process of the invention makes it possible, on the one hand, to regenerate a large proportion of the original acidic monomer, but also to convert a considerable proportion of the amide monomer to diacidic compounds.
These examples are related to the treatment of different polymers:
Example 7: pure polyamide 6.6 (in the absence of free monomers
Example 8: pure polyamide 6.
The operating conditions and the results are collated in Table II.
TABLE II______________________________________test 7 8______________________________________Polymer Pure PA 6.6 Pure PA 6no. mmol A (1) 1.341 . . .no. mmol HMDA (1) 1.341 . . .no. mmol caprolactam (1) . . . 3.15NaNO2 0.338 0.338Acid HNO3 HNO3 56% 56%Catalyst Cu(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 NH4 VO3 NH4 VO3Temperature 70� C. 70� C.Duration 4 h 40 4 h 35Theoretical mmol diacid 2.68 3.15mmol SA 0.388 0.968Y % 12.48 30.68mmol GA 0.058 1.452Y % 1.87 46.02mmol AA 1.517 0.189Y % 48.78 5.99mmol diacids 1.963 2.609Y % 63.12 82.70______________________________________ (1) no. of mmol of monomers used to produce the polymer
The process described in Example 1 is reproduced, but with the polyamide 6.6 being replaced with a stocking fabric made of nylon PA 6.6.
After treatment, the efficiency of conversion of the polyamide to diacid is expressed as the weight of diacids recovered per kg of stocking:
adipic acid: 705 g/kg
glutaric acid: 2.4 g/kg
succinic acid: 129 g/kg
total diacids: 758 g/kg
Efficiency of conversion: 75.8%.
The material treated is a moulded article produced from a composition made of PA 6.6 and PA 6 filled with a talc-type inorganic filler and containing conventional additives for heat stabilization, such as CuI/KI.
This article was introduced into a hydrolysis medium consisting of a solution of nitric acid at a concentration of 56% by weight, to which copper nitrate, ammonium vanadate and sodium nitrite were added.
The mixture was kept at 70� C. for 4 hours.
After cooling the mixture was diluted by adding water.
The mixture contains insoluble compounds of whitish colour, which are removed by filtration.
The quantity of diacids in the hydrolysis mixture which are recovered after filtration is determined by liquid phase chromatography.
The results obtained are:
adipic acid: 1.562 mmol
glutaric acid: 0.336 mmol
succinic acid: 0.562 mmol
total diacids: 2.460 mmol
The efficiencies of conversion of polyamide used to diacids are:
polyamide used
PA 6.6: 4.13 mol/kg of composition
PA 6: 1.33 mol/kg of composition
diacids formed
adipic acid: 2.20 mol/kg of composition
glutaric acid: 0.47 mol/kg of composition
succinic acid: 0.79 mol/kg of composition
total acids: 3.46 mol/kg of composition.
The efficiency of conversion of the polyamides to diacids is 63.4%. These diacids are subsequently recovered by crystallization.
Thus, crystalline adipic acid is recovered in a high degree of purity (higher than 95%) by cooling the filtered hydrolysis mixture.
The other diacids can also be recovered after crystallization of the adipic acid and concentration of the mixture.
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TV Info
Episode PremiereApril 07, 2005
DistributorFOX, WBTV
Show Period2003 - 2007
Production CompanyWBTV, Wonderland Sound and Vision
Cast and Crew
DirectorNorman Buckley
ScreenwriterCory Martin
Main Cast
- Peter Gallagher as Sandy Cohen
- Kelly Rowan
- Benjamin McKenzie as Ryan Atwood
- Adam Brody as Seth Cohen
- Rachel Bilson as Summer Roberts
- Melinda Clarke
- Mischa Barton as Marissa Cooper
- Tate Donovan
Additional Cast
- Frank Crim
- Kyle Bornheimer
- Jon Ryckman
When Sandy becomes the honorary chairman of the Newport Beach charity yard sale, he solicits help from Trey, who has his first confrontation with the Newpsies. While Sandy auctions off Newport's finest, Kirsten and Carter share a table. When one of the auction's most expensive pieces goes missing, Ryan and Seth could also use some help. Meanwhile, Trey looks for a more permanent place to live as the Cohens welcome yet another houseguest.


text:
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text: Meta Battle Subway PokeBase - Pokemon Q&A Login Register All Activity Questions Unanswered Tags Users Ask a Question Rules Chat How did confusion deal 1/2 damage? 0 votes I was just battling with my lvl 100 Samurott a lvl 48 Tranqill. I used Hydro Cannon but it missed and then Tranquill used Swagger. Samurott hurt itself in its confusion and the damage dealt the 1/2 of my Samurott's HP. Is it a glitch or something ??? Please help !! black-white-2 swagger samurott tranquill asked Dec 27, 2012 by MK 42 edited Dec 27, 2012 by Pokemaster Please log in or register to add a comment. Please log in or register to answer this question. 2 Answers 2 votes Best answer That's probably because Samurott's Attack was risen. If the move you used when you hurt yourself in confusion was Physical, that means due to Swagger Sharply raising Samurott's Attack, it gave itself more damage when it hurt itself in Confusion. Confusion damage takes raises/decreases to your stats into full account. answered Dec 27, 2012 by ƒιzz Thanks Fizzy commented Dec 27, 2012 by MK 42 No worries, glad to help! commented Dec 27, 2012 by ƒιzz One time this zangoose used swords dance twice and then got confused and hit himself OHKOing him in the process commented Dec 27, 2012 by Generekt Please log in or register to add a comment. 2 votes It isn't a glitch. Swagger raises the target's Attack two stages and confuses it. Should the target already be confused, or be protected by confusion due to Safeguard, Swagger will still raise its Attack. Pokémon with the Ability Own Tempo are immune to both effects. Because the target's Attack increases, they will receive more damage if they hurt themselves. Source answered Dec 27, 2012 by StormBorn Please log in or register to add a comment. Related questions Will the Attack boost from Swagger cause more confusion damage? A question about confusion. Is the confusion from Swagger and Flatter more 'severe'? Will Miracle Skin still allow Confusion but only a one stage stat boost for Swagger? Do I receive a Medal in Black 2 for a Pokemon to Lvl. 100 from Mr. Medal? How did a lv15 Tympole outspeed my lv50 Samurott? Mixed EV spread for Smaurott? Is it worth it to teach my Samurott the move 'Waterfall'? Useful Meta Posts How to change your username How to add a user avatar Why was my post hidden? The points system Question etiquette Flags vs Downvotes Anime FAQ


text:
Egan boosted by win
by Kate Smith
Defender reflects on Stoke victory.
John Egan scored the winner in the under-21s' first win of the season at the Britannia Stadium earlier this week.
The defender nabbed the only goal of the game midway through the first half to extend Kevin Ball's side's unbeaten run and seal their first three points of the campaign.
Following the game, Egan told safc.com: "The result against Stoke was a great one for us.
"I scored my first goal, we won and we kept a clean sheet – you can't ask for much more than that."
Prior to the trip to Staffordshire , Sunderland had drawn their previous three games and were seeking that illustrious first win of the campaign.
"The team were all delighted to get the win - the goal for me was just a bonus." Egan continued.
"We played really well and created loads of chances, we could have maybe won two or three nil."
The Irishman is the fifth scorer for the under-21s this season, but believes he was just in the right place at the right time to drill home the winner.
"I was in the box after a corner and the move broke down but I just stayed up there to try my luck.
"The ball fell to Jordan Laidler, who cut in and squared it across and I just booted it first time and in it went in the bottom corner – I was lucky."
Egan added: "It's a big boost to get the win – it's been long overdue."