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A system and method comprising a reporting mechanism for outputting an HMTL and XML document from a collection of hierarchically maintained settings such as group policy object settings or resultant set of policy data. The reporting mechanism provides a substantially complete view of which settings are configured (enabled) in a given group policy object, or a view for a resultant set of policy (that is applied to a given SOM), along with the values of the settings. The markup language format enables viewing a flat representation of the settings, and printing, saving and/or transporting of the settings. XML schemas describe a valid representation of group policy settings, and a valid representation of resultant set of policy.
1. In a computing environment, a method comprising:
identifying a first group policy object including a first plurality of settings and a second plurality of settings, the first plurality of settings being configured and applied to a computing environment and the second plurality of settings not configured and applied to a computing environment;
identifying a second group policy object including a third plurality of settings and a fourth plurality of settings, the third plurality of settings being configured and applied to a computing environment and the fourth plurality of settings not configured and applied to a computing environment;
collecting the first subset of settings from the first group policy object applied to a first scope of management;
collecting the third subset of settings from the second group policy object applied to a second scope of management;
combining the first subset of settings and the third subset of settings into at least one markup language document according to a predefined schema;
displaying a report created from the markup language document, the displayed report containing only settings configured and applied to a computing environment.
2. The method of
resolving the conflict to determine whether the first setting or the second setting is a prevailing setting; and
identifying the prevailing setting in the displayed report.
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions for performing the method of
8. The method of
querying a domain controller;
reading the directory service settings and the system volume settings from the domain controller based on the querying.
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
writing out HTML text corresponding to the combined settings based on a localized string table and an HTML translation specification, wherein the HTML translation specification defines a method for converting data to HTML.
14. The method of
15. The method of
displaying a list of group policy objects; and
receiving a selection of a group policy object from the list of group policy objects,
wherein collecting settings from the first and second group policy objects and combining the settings is responsive to the received selection.
16. The method of
17. The method of
This application incorporates by reference the contents of a CD-ROM which contains the Computer Program Listing Appendix and includes a 105 kB file labeled Appendix A, a 68.1 kB file labeled Appendix B, a 130 kB file labeled Appendix C, and a 118 kB file labeled Appendix D. The CD-ROM was created on Jul. 17, 2007.
The present invention is related to the following U.S. patent applications: Ser. No. 10/410,887 entitled "Support Mechanisms for Improved Group Policy Management User Interface," Ser. No. 10/410,883 entitled "Method and System for Representing Group Policy Object Topology and Relationships," Ser. No. 10/410,865 entitled "Method and System for Implementing Group Policy Operations," and Ser. No. 10/411,876 entitled "Interfaces and Methods for Group Policy Management." Each related application is assigned to the assignee of the present patent application and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
The invention relates generally to computer systems and networks, and more particularly to policies used in computer networks.
In contemporary computing networks, network administrators define policies for users and computer systems of that network. With a Microsoft Windows�-based operating system, administrators use Group Policy technology to define the state of users' work environment, and rely on the system to enforce the defined policies. In general, those policies are then applied to determine how the various computer systems are configured. For example, the configuration that a user sees when logged onto any computer system of the network depends on the policy settings for that machine combined with the policy settings for that user.
In such a network, Group Policy can be used to specify many of the settings for a user and computer, including registry-based policy settings used to configure and specify behavior of the operating system and optionally application programs based on settings in various computer systems' registries, and script-related policy settings that control scripts for computer startup and shutdown, and user logon and logoff. Group policy can also specify particular software programs for groups of users and/or machines, as Group Policy includes settings for centrally managing the installation, updates, and removal of application programs and components. Security options are also provided by policy settings, e.g., for local computer, domain, and network security settings. Folder redirection options, which allow administrators to redirect users' special folders to the network, also may be managed via Group Policy, as can Internet Explorer Maintenance, which is used to manage settings related to Internet Explorer and Remote Installation Services options, which are used to manage client configuration options that users see when performing Remote Installation Services-based installs. Internet Protocol Security Settings and Wireless settings can also be deployed through Group Policy, and public key policy settings, as well as software restriction policies can also be managed.
To apply and enforce the policy in a Windows�-based operating system, the Group Policy settings that administrators create are contained in group policy objects (GPOs). In general, a group policy object may be considered a collection of settings of various types, defined by extensions to group policy which are registered on the administrative and client systems and used to manage group policy configuration. The actual application of settings on the client, as well as administration of settings is managed by that extension. Group policy objects are applied to one or more scopes of management, such as a site, domain, or organizational unit (OU) in Active Directory�, and thus a site, domain, or organizational unit may also be referred to as a scope of management, or SOM. In this manner, administrators centrally apply policy to users and computers of those sites, domains, and organizational units. Policy settings from group policy objects that are linked to each of these different hierarchical levels are combined and applied to the policy recipients. Any conflicting policy among the levels is resolved via various rules, as generally described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,466,932, herein incorporated by reference. The result set is referred to as a resultant set of policy, or RSoP, which comprises the policy settings that were applied to a user or computer, as well as the group policy objects from where these settings originated (the winning GPO).
While group policy is a very powerful technology and group policy objects greatly simplify network administration, group policy objects are not simple objects, but rather virtual objects comprising complex pieces of setting definitions that are stored on the domain. In general, each group policy object comprises multiple subcomponents, typically including a collection of many files, other objects and attributes, that reference one another in various ways. For example, in one Windows�-based implementation, a group policy object comprises some settings stored within an Active Directory� container, as well as in a file system directory (sysvol) on the domain controllers within the group policy object's host domain.
Managing Group Policy in an enterprise environment requires an understanding multiple complex sets of data, simultaneously. For example, to understand which computers and users will receive and apply the settings in a given group policy object, the administrator has to access and understand multiple sets of information. In addition, multiple group policy objects can apply to a single user and/or a computer. To manage this complexity and understand the relationships of group policy objects and the directory, an MMC snap-in, the Group Policy Management Console, is provided. This snap-in allows the administrator to work with group policy objects as a unit.
However, a group policy object is a collection of multiple settings. To edit and configure those settings within a single group policy object, a second Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Snap-in, Group Policy Object Editor (GPEdit) is provided, which (for convenience) is launchable from the Group Policy Management Console. With GPEdit, the group policy object is displayed hierarchically on a left side (pane), with details for a selected item in displayed on a right side (pane).
However, in part because of the restrictive view in which this is presented and controlled through MMC snap-ins, it is very difficult to administer a group policy object's settings. More particularly, the snap-in view generally restricts the administrator to viewing a small number of settings at a time, since the settings are organized within a folder structure, and thus makes it very difficult to determine what settings are configured. For example, there are a large number of settings in a group policy object or resultant set of policy for a policy recipient, on the order of one-thousand, however typically only a few (e.g., ten to twenty) may be configured for a given user. The administrator may need to manage these settings, but does not know which of the many settings are enabled. To determine which are enabled, the administrator has to navigate through a large hierarchy of settings. Further, the displayed data is limited to the snap-in environment and requires connectivity to the domain, and, for example, cannot be exported into a form usable by other programs, nor can it be printed. One further drawback of viewing settings in an editing program is that the viewer needs to have write access to the group policy object.
Briefly, the present invention provides a system and method comprising a reporting mechanism that outputs a collection of hierarchically maintained settings as one or more markup language documents, for example an XML and/or HTML document. Because of the nature of these markup language formats, the subsequent processing makes it straightforward to operate on the data for reporting purposes. For example, the XML format enables further manipulations and queries, while the HTML format comprises a standardized format that can be rendered into human readable form by a web browser or other types of document viewers and editors.
When used in the Group Policy Management Console in MMC, the reporting mechanism enables a collection of group policy settings to be viewed, printed or otherwise processed from the markup language documents. When rendered on a viewer, the mechanism provides a substantially complete view of which settings are configured (enabled) in a given group policy object, or a view for a resultant set of policy (that is applied to a given SOM or a specific user or computer), along with the values of the settings.
Various mapping rules are provided to convert the hierarchically arranged settings data, including data previously accessible through property dialogs accessed from a treeview, into an HTML representation of the settings. The HTML representation may be expanded and contracted in an interactive manner as desired by a user, to quickly navigate to view desired settings. Read-only access is sufficient to view and interact with the HTML document.
To facilitate the output of the data related to group policy, the present invention includes two XML schemas, one describing a valid representation of group policy settings, and the other describing a valid representation of resultant set of policy. The schemas provide a foundation for further processing of the XML view of group policy data. Group policy objects as well as resultant set of policy data can be represented in XML and HTML.
In one implementation, an architecture is provided to collect group policy object settings, and translate or serialize those settings into output markup language documents, based on .net objects and XML schemas. For group policy objects, a group policy object read and translate mechanism reads the settings for a group policy object, comprising a combination of directory service settings and sysvol settings. A reporting mechanism, such as implemented in a single .net assembly, uses mapping information to persist the settings into an HTML representation, and may use a localized string table to render the group policy object's HTML representation output in an appropriate language. The reporting mechanism also leverages an XML serializer to persist the settings into an XML document. RSoP settings are similarly processed, e.g., by initializing the various net class objects from a WMI repository, translating into HTML and serializing into XML.
In sum, by reading the group policy object settings from their disparate (e.g., DS and sysvol) component locations, or by reading settings from a WMI namespace, an XML document which conforms to the corresponding group policy object schema or RSoP schema, as appropriate, may be produced by utilizing an XML serializer. For generating HTML documents, the group policy object and RSoP root elements, as well as each extension, implement an appropriate method for persisting their settings into a statically defined HTML format with which a viewer can interact.
Other advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which:
Exemplary Operating Environment
The invention is operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the invention include, but are not limited to: personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.
The invention may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and so forth, which perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in local and/or remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
With reference to
The computer 110 typically includes a variety of computer-readable media. Computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer 110 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, and removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by the computer 110. Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term "modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
The system memory 130 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 131 and random access memory (RAM) 132. A basic input/output system 133 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 110, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 131. RAM 132 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 120. By way of example, and not limitation,
The computer 110 may also include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only,
The drives and their associated computer storage media, discussed above and illustrated in
The computer 110 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 180. The remote computer 180 may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 110, although only a memory storage device 181 has been illustrated in
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 110 is connected to the LAN 171 through a network interface or adapter 170. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 110 typically includes a modem 172 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 173, such as the Internet. The modem 172, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 121 via the user input interface 160 or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 110, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation,
Group Policy Objects
In general, the present invention provides a method and system for operating on policies implemented throughout a network, wherein those policies are defined and arranged (e.g., by one or more administrators) into group policy objects. Group policy objects generally comprise a collection of files, objects and attributes that exist at various locations in the network. Such policy may correspond to policy settings in the group policy objects, including registry-based settings, scripts, (computer startup and shutdown scripts, and user logon and logoff scripts), redirection of folders that contain user documents and settings, application deployment (software installation), security settings, public key policy settings, software restriction policies, IP security, remote installation services, and/or Internet Explorer Maintenance. Indeed, group policy objects may be extended to include virtually any desired information, as long as a client-side (or other) extension that uses the policy object is capable of interpreting and/or handling the information therein.
In an example implementation described herein, the system and method of operating on group policy utilize a highly flexible architecture of the Microsoft Windows� operating system, in which an administrator links the group policy objects to the containers, which comprise hierarchically organized directory objects representing sites, domains and organizational units, with policy recipients (e.g., users and computers) being associated with those containers. In this implementation, generally represented in
A core unit in the Active Directory� service is a domain, shown via domains D1 and D2 in
Organizational units (e.g., OU1-OU6 in
To apply policy to policy recipients (users and machines) of the network, group policy objects may be created via a Group Policy Management Console (e.g., 210, 211 or 212 in
Each group policy object (e.g., GPO3 of
Because many group policy objects can apply to one policy recipient, such as via a domain association or one or more organizational units to which the policy recipient belongs, for each policy recipient, the policy settings maintained in the policy objects may be selectively accumulated in an order of precedence, inherited from the group policy objects associated with one or more higher-up organizational units, a site, and/or the domain, and/or blocked from being inherited. In general, to accumulate policy for a policy recipient, policies are applied in a manner such higher policies that are enforced take precedence by hierarchical order, while higher non-enforced policies may be overridden by lower-level policies.
Reporting Hierarchically Arranged Data
The Group Policy Management Console, in conjunction with a Microsoft� Management Console (MMC), for example, provides a mechanism for representing and managing group policy objects and relationships among various aspects of group policy-related data. Note that the Group Policy Management Console can be configured to operate in other environments, however one reason that the Group Policy Management Console was incorporated into the MMC environment is to be grouped with other MMC tools that may be appropriate to the administrator's overall tasks. The Group Policy Management Console 212 provides this group policy representation and management functionality in a number of ways, including by providing a user interface and underlying logic for managing group policy. For example, from a single unified view, an administrator can view, manage, and search across domains, sites, and even forests, copy group policy objects and import data to group policy objects, and so forth, as generally described in the aforementioned patent applications, Ser. Nos. 10/410,887; 10/410,883; 10/410,865; and 10/411,876.
As will be understood, however, the present invention is more general, and applies to programs items other than the Group Policy Management Console, in that the present invention may be adapted to represent, in a straightforward, intuitive, and easy to use report format, (wherein reporting refers to viewing, transmitting, persisting, printing and so forth) any content that is capable of being displayed in the MMC or similar programs which use a tree structure on one (e.g., left) pane and a varied, disparate, and rich user interface on another (e.g., right) pane. Thus, although the examples herein will primarily be described with reference to group policy objects and resultant set of policy data, as well as an MMC environment, it is understood that the present invention may be implemented with virtually any hierarchical arrangement of data such as in MMC, in which an HTML and/or XML report is desired. Note that the HTML document may be rendered by any contemporary browser, not just in an MMC environment such as hosting the Group Policy Management Console snap-in.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is created an HTML document, that when rendered on a rendering engine (e.g., in a browser or the like), provides an interactive expandable and collapsible view of the settings data corresponding to an item in one part (e.g., the left side) of the console, such as a view of the settings data for a group policy object, or a view of a resultant set of policy report. As represented in
In keeping with an aspect of the present invention, when a settings tab is selected, (which initially may be selected by default upon selection of a group policy object in the tree), only the configured settings of that selected group policy object are presented in the right pane. This eliminates the need for an administrator to have to navigate over significant numbers of not configured settings (e.g., presently on the order of one-thousand) to view the settings of a group policy object. Note that as used herein, an administrator can be any user having rights to access the group policy object. However, unlike the GPEdit program (
In general, when any group policy object is selected in the left pane, an HTML report document may be created as described below, and rendered such that the user sees a representation of the HTML document in the right pane (with the settings tab active). The administrator then interacts with the right pane by clicking on any of the displayed bars, causing the display to toggle between showing and hiding various levels of a hierarchical structure that corresponds to the group policy object's structure, down to the settings data itself. In other words, the administrator navigates the right pane simply by scrolling as desired and clicking on any bar, expanding and contracting the sublevels (secondary sections) until the desired data for a setting (or settings) is displayed. Although not readily apparent from
In one implementation, the layout of the document has a structure that closely maps the structure of the left hierarchical pane in the prior Group Policy Object Editor (GPEdit) program (
In one implementation, there are two forms of the HTML report, including a version for viewing that is shown in the user interface of the group policy management console, such as on the "Settings" tab of
Another form (version) of the HTML report is available for printing or saving the report to a file. This printing/saving version contains the data of the viewing version (e.g. the GPEdit content), plus additional data about the group policy object that is not displayed, but useful to an administrator in understanding the group policy object. In this implementation, the printing/saving version has three primary sections, the aforementioned "User Configuration" and "Computer Configuration" sections, plus a "General" section. The "General section" provides the contents of what appears in the user interface on the other tabs (that is, not the "Settings" tab), including "Scope," "Details" and "Delegation" tabs, which are not shown herein to avoid redundancy. For example, this information would identify the location of the group policy object, its ACLs (who can edit it, read it, apply it, and so forth), the version numbers of the group policy object, the GUID, the WMI filter if any and so forth.
The computer configuration section shows the computer configuration settings of a group policy object, and is appended with "(Enabled)" or "(Disabled)" to indicate the status for that portion of the group policy object. The user configuration section shows the user configuration settings of a group policy object, and is appended with either "(Enabled)" or "(Disabled)" to indicate the status for that portion of the group policy object. Note that similar concepts appear as nodes in the GPEdit (navigable left-side) namespace (
Within the Computer and user configuration sections, subsections in the report are created, having different colors and different indentations. These subsections map relatively well to the prior GPEdit namespace in the MMC. Essentially, each sub-node (and its primary sub-nodes) in MMC such as Software Settings, Windows Settings, Administrative Templates (the first level) maps to a subheading in the HTML report. Note that there are a few exceptions where headings in Html were either omitted or added, namely there is no separate heading in HTML for the "Software Settings" folder shown in MMC, because that folder always only contains one child, "Software Installation," and this avoids redundancy. Also, in the HTML, under the Software Settings section, a header has been added for Assigned and Published applications (which are different ways to deploy applications), in order to group applications by deployment type, which is generally useful but not present in GPEdit. Another exception includes that in the "Computer Configuration\Windows\security" section, subheadings were added under the "Local Policies\Security Options" container. This is because in the MMC user interface there are many (approximately sixty-five) settings, and many of those have names that begin with the same pre-pended text for easy grouping, e.g. several settings begin with "Domain Controller" to discuss settings relevant for domain controllers. In the HTML report, the pre-pended text has been converted into subheadings under the Security Options section.
To map from the various types of data that were able to appear in the right pane in the GPEdit snap-in (e.g., approximately forty-five different user interface layouts existed in MMC GPEdit), various types were identified, with a layout designed for each of the types. The layouts were then represented in HTML using six basic table structures. In other words, the different user interface structures of the GPEdit console were identified and mapped to a table layout usable in HTML. By way of example, one such type of settings was grouped into a simple "administrative templates" category, in which such policy settings may be set to either enabled, disabled, or not configured. Other administrative templates may be more complex, with several sub-settings. Script settings are another type, having a two-column table listing the script name and script parameters. Other settings were much richer, for example Folder Redirection of My Documents is a property page, with multiple tabs.
In the implementation described herein, the expand/contract user interface for reporting in the right pane was designed to be analogous to the user interface in the left navigation pane of the GPEdit display. This mapping model was constructed by taking the individual container nodes in the tree and creating a corresponding line header in the report. Based upon the hierarchy in the left navigation pane, indentation and visual contrast were used to denote relationships.
When navigating beyond the high level container nodes in the prior art tree, a mix of both container nodes and end (leaf) nodes are encountered. Container nodes (folder icons) can contain both additional containers and settings pages, while end nodes hold only settings pages. Settings pages (having various icons) are accessed by choosing to view "properties" (synonymous with settings) of that page, which will open a dialog containing those properties. These properties are displayed inline in the reporting user interface of the present invention.
A substantial part of the reporting mechanism is directed towards representing the actual settings pages beneath the navigable areas, as generally represented in
Settings pages vary in levels of depth and complexity, such as from simple single-tabbed dialogs having checkboxes, to deep, multi-tabbed and complex dialogs, such as having dropdowns and/or tabs that switch between multiple instances of settings data, e.g., a listing of multiple users and groups, with separate settings (e.g., in checkboxes) maintained for each. Settings pages are built in a relatively modular manner, in which basic structures are combined, through mechanism like tabs, dropdown menus and drill-down buttons to stitch together basic settings into complex settings pages.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, individual properties pages are translated into their respective containers in the reporting user interface. Note that settings pages in the GPEdit often vary widely, in practice because settings are often authored by different teams with multiple requirements and differing needs, and then combined together in one GPEdit-based user interface. However, properties page are created using Windows� controls, including (but not limited to) radio buttons, check boxes, drop down lists, combo boxes, edit boxes and static labels, which provides an inherent level of minimal consistency in the creation of settings pages. As will become apparent, most settings pages are straightforward to handle, while others require more complex pages, however using basic rules as templates any page can be represented in the report.
Basic Settings comprise relatively simple configurations that take the form of an enable/disable toggle, along with some data setting that needs configuration after an item is enabled. An example of how such a property dialog as traditionally rendered is represented in the report is represented in
Items can be nested inside of properties pages through multiple mechanisms. These mechanisms may include tabs, drill down buttons, combination boxes, and virtually any other Windows� controls switching mechanism. The present invention displays these changes without losing hierarchy or context.
Another contingency that is handled is when nested data is present in the same dialog, e.g., additional setting data is nested inside of a tab structure, either via multiple properties or via drilldown buttons. The prior art dialog shown in
In this manner, the design is built in a modular manner. As long as precedent is followed, the design model can be implemented as deeply into a tree structure as necessary.
As can be readily appreciated, the Group Policy Management Console reporting mechanism is capable of representing virtually any hierarchical structure having data at leaf nodes, as in the example above wherein the reporting mechanism represents the policy settings configured in a group policy object. Thus, the reporting mechanism can also represent the resultant set of policy (RSoP) settings, in a logging or planning mode WMI namespace, in an HTML document. The HTML document can be viewed from the Group Policy Management Console, or any other suitable HTML rendering component.
Turning to
As described above, the settings for a group policy object 1504 are a combination of directory service settings 1506 and sysvol settings 1508. A GPO read and translate mechanism 1510 in a reporting mechanism 1512 collects these settings group policy object data 1514 that are then processed. To this end, the read and translate mechanism 1512 queries the domain controller and reads the sysvol and Active Directory� for the appropriate settings. The settings in a group policy object are generally stored in one of three possible formats, including DS objects and attributes, .ini style files, and a custom registry.pol binary file for storing ADM settings. Some extensions (e.g. Internet Explorer Maintenance) also store their settings in binary files. These settings are consumed through classes of the .net class library System.DirectoryServices namespace, a shared custom implementation of an .ini file parser, and registry.pol file and ADM file parsers.
To read and translate, a .net object type, in the form of a C# class, is derived from each of the high level schemas. In additional to some type similarities associated with their underlying schemas, the C# policy extension classes implement a common set of inherited methods. One method is an initialization from a group policy object, given the group policy object's directory service and sysvol paths, and corresponds to the GPO read and translate mechanism 1510. Note that another method performs an initialization from an RSoP namespace, as described below with reference to
Another set of classes persists the class into an HTML representation 1516, as generally described above, comprising code which conceptually writes out large sections of static HTML text interspersed with data inserted from the fields of the class. This is represented in
In addition to presenting the information to a user via HTML, the present invention is also able to persist the information to an XML document/representation 1522. Note that no method needs to be implemented for persisting the classes into XML, as this functionality is provided via an XML serializer class 1524 already available in the .NET framework class libraries. Any .net managed class can be serialized to XML. In the .net framework, class serialization to XML comprises a conversion of each public field in a class to an XML element. To leverage this, the designs of the .net class objects include public class fields for each of the elements to write in the XML instance documents. Note that the framework software development kit includes a tool, xsd.exe, which takes an XML schema as input and outputs C# classes and enumeration which represent the complexTypes and simpleTypes in the schema. Once constructor or initialization methods are written for these classes, there is no further work needed to serialize the classes to XML, as the integrated xml support allows us to completely avoid any of the DOM based xml programming that would have otherwise been needed to construct these instance documents.
As represented in
The API model for invoking the reporting functionality remains part of the overall GPMC COM base interfaces. Both the IGPMRSoP and IGMGPO interfaces implement GenerateReport methods which can be used for generated the xml and/or html documents from either an RSoP namespace or a single group policy object. Another interface, IGPMBackup, also implements the GenerateReport method to generate reports for backed up group policy objects, that is, the HTML report may be generated from an XML report persisted with a group policy object backup. Internally these methods invoke the reporting mechanism (the .net assembly) via unmanaged to managed COM interop interfaces.
Note that the .net objects exposed by the assembly can be invoked outside the scope of the GPMC COM interfaces. Only the GPO and RSoP classes of the assembly are registered for unmanaged COM interop.
Turning to
The RSoP data is slightly different from the GPO data. For example, the group policy object report contains some general information about the group policy object, including its identifier, the last time it was modified, and so forth which is not applicable in the RSoP case. Instead, RSoP reports have their own general information, such as the user or computer for which the data was logged or simulated, the set of GPOs that apply to the target, the set of security groups to which the target belongs, and so forth. This general data is specific to RSoP reports.
The settings data are very similar for both group policy object and RSoP reports. One distinction is that the RSoP report will give the "winning group policy object" for a particular setting, that is, the group policy object from which that setting came and which overrode other group policy objects. In addition, there are some (relatively rare) cases where the RSoP data for a setting contains more information than the group policy object data for the same setting. This is true of scripts settings, where in the group policy object case, there is only have the script name and parameters, but in the RSoP logging case, there is the name and parameters, as well as the time the script was last executed on the target.
The overall flow of data through the architectures 1500 and 1600 is relatively straightforward and direct, as for GPOs, the GPO read and translate mechanism 1510 (the .net class objects) read the group policy object settings 1514 directly from the DS and sysvol components of the group policy object. For RSoP settings, the RSoP read and translate mechanism 1610 (another method of the .net class objects) reads the RSoP settings 1607 from a WMI namespace 1604. Once the classes have been initialized, an XML document which conforms to the corresponding GPO schema 1502 or RSoP schema 1602, as appropriate, may be produced by utilizing the XmlSerializer class (1524 or 1624 in
In general, the schema design provides an implementation and testing framework and blueprint, while also enabling some level of enforcement of valid XML documents. Generated XML documents need to be valid against these defined schemas, providing a first level of internal verification
Group policy objects and RSoPs are two possible root element types in generated XML documents. A document produced from a group policy object begins with the <gpo> root element and a document produced from an RSoP namespace begins with the <RSoP> root element.
The overall layout of a group policy object along with its actual schema is set forth below:
The type defined for computer and user settings is the same, and acts as the container for the actual settings defined on those portions of a group policy object:
The ExtensionsSettings type is an abstract type which simply contains a Name element and which policy extension schemas derive from.
Policy extension types derive from the abstract GPOExtension type. Each policy extension type comprises elements of types inherited from another abstract type SettingBase_at, and represents a unit that can be individually configured in a group policy object. The policy extension types as well as their detailed settings types define the elements which are used in both group policy object and RSoP XML documents. The instances of these elements in these two situations are common enough that optional elements are used where needed for RSoP attributes, rather than defining separate derived types.
The base abstract setting type SettingBase_at contains an optional group policy object and an optional Precedence element. These two elements are utilized when the setting type is utilized to instantiate RSoP settings. Thus for the purpose of just representing settings within a single group policy object, the SettingBase_at is irrelevant, however it does serve to form a base of commonality for how extension schemas are formulated.
Thus each extension schema is factored as a new complexType derived from GPOExtension. Each top level element of this type is then of a type which derives from SettingBase_at. To illustrate this, a simple schema for the scripts extension top level type and setting type is included below:
Appendixes A and B are representations of sample HTML and an XML schema, respectively, for an example group policy object for a user. The HTML of Appendix A, when rendered, corresponds to
Appendixes C and D are representations of sample HTML and an XML schema, respectively for a Resultant Set of Policy. The HTML, when rendered, corresponds to
As can be seen from the foregoing detailed description, there is provided a method and system for reporting hierarchical data by outputting markup language documents from a collection of hierarchically maintained settings, such as group policy object settings or resultant set of policy settings. The markup language format enables viewing a flat representation of the settings, and printing, saving and/or transporting of the settings, consistent with XML schemas that describe a valid representation of group policy settings, and a valid representation of resultant set of policy. The method and system thus provide significant advantages and benefits needed in contemporary computing.
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
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As you know we teach classes nearly everyday and make loads of layouts and projects as examples. I am a bit behind in sharing these so I will try to catch up by adding daily layouts for you to see.
I also have loads of lovely examples of Gayle's latest Digi Stamp release. These are now available on disc from the shop and will go online today. Just so you know, our Digi Stamp discs not only have the Digi images but also example cards to get you started. I am gradually putting all releases on disc so watch the website for more details.
All of the little photo discs are attached by brads and spin and there are even little tiny photos on the four discs at the bottom.
This is one of the layouts in our latest Scrapbook Kit being released on Friday,

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The play "You're a Good Man Charlie Brown" will be brought to life at the Grant High School auditorium, 285 E. Grand Avenue in Fox Lake, at 7 p.m. on Friday April 17, Saturday April 18, Friday, April 26 and Saturday April 27.
Charlie Brown and the Peanut gang sing and dance their way through the trials and tribulations of youth in the musical based on the beloved cartoon strip by Charles M. Schultz.
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There also will be 2 p.m. shows on Sunday, April 21 and Sunday, April 28.
Tickets go on sale one hour before each performance. The cost is $7 for adults and $5 for seniors and students.


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Catherine-Zeta Jones Defends Troubled Step-Son
As a federal judge weighs whether to send Cameron Douglas to prison for as long as 10 years or more, his stepmother Catherine Zeta-Jones hopes the judge will consider the 31-year-old's good points along with the drug charges against him, and wrote a letter to that end. The sentencing for Michael Douglas' son is set for April 14. So what did Zeta-Jones write that she hopes will influence the judge?
"As a mother to Cameron's half brother and sister, Dylan and Carys, I have seen Cameron be an exceptional brother to both. Never, in my experience over the years, has Cameron shown any signs of the disease, that has tormented him, toward his siblings, or has [he] ever been abusive to us as a family at any time.
"My stepson is a caring, considerate, worthy human being, but never the less, the disease, that for years he has tried to combat, did take over again. What is wrong, is wrong, but may all these positive attributes prevail, so that a facility that he is positioned in, will help rehabilitate him."
More than two dozen other friends and family members also wrote to the judge on Dylan's behalf. I guess we'll find out if any of the testimonials touched the judge when the ruling is handed down next week.


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What we believe
Mission Statement
Knowing Christ died for all people, IOC believes that God changes us to become authentic followers. Christ's love compels us to live for Him and the Spirit equips us to reach others.
IOC values an authentic relationship with God and others through:
- Empowering leadership
- Gifted based ministry
- Passionate spirituality
- Wise use of resources
- Inspiring worship services
- Relevant small groups
- Intentional outreach
- Loving relationships
If you would like to know more about what the Wesleyan Church believes click here.
Pastor Derrick, Senior Pastor
Corey and I met in college and were married shortly after graduation. I earned my Bachelor's of Science degree from Indiana Wesleyan University in Biblical Literature and Christian Ministries in 2001. I earned my Masters of Divinity from Asbury Theological Seminary in 2005. I then pastored Urbana First Wesleyan Church for seven years. In July 2011, Inside Out Church (IOC) was born as a sister church of First Wesleyan. I continued to pastor First Wesleyan while building the foundation of Inside Out. However, in the spring of 2012, Corey and I both felt that God was asking us to be 'all in' in our efforts to plant IOC. So, in June 2012, we became full time church planters in Savoy, Illinois.
We are excited to be a part of what God is doing in Savoy! He continues to open doors of opportunity for us to reach the community for Him. It truly is our desire to see people transformed by the love of Christ, that does change us from the inside out!
Pastor Staci, Assistant Pastor
In joining the pastoral staff and team of Inside Out Church, my heart is filled with praise and gratitude for the Lord's continual faithfulness in my life. Although this is my first church staff position, I view it as God's next adventure in developing and living out my calling into full-time ministry. To hear more of that journey, I invite you to read more of it by visiting my blog.
We desire to be a church where people can discover the love of God and the transforming power of the Gospel in order to become authentic followers. That's our mission because it is God's heart! I believe God has GREAT things in store for IOC in this upcoming year. As the Assistant Pastor, I consider it a blessing to join God in His mission and you in ministry as we seek to bring the Kingdom of God on earth as it is in Heaven.
IOC TV commercial


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Marcus Malecek
Thirteen Falcons Earn WWC Academic Honors
Four named to WWC All-Academic Team; nine named to Coaches' Honor Roll
Three Air Force Wrestlers Named Mountain West Scholar-Athletes
A total of 623 athletes honored by conference
Fifteen Falcons Earn WWC Academic Honors
Erickson, Hyder, Stafford named to WWC All-Academic Team
Willie Baker Leads Falcons at ASICS Junior National Championship
Five Falcons named All-Americans
2013-14: Posted a 16-16 overall record with a 5-7 dual record in the HWT class ... placed first at the Cowboy Open (amateur) and placed first in the All-Academy Championships, both in HWT ... placed sixth at the UNK Holiday Inn Open (amateur) ... Scholar-Athlete Award, Iron Bolt Award, WWC All-Academic Team.
2012-13: Compiled a 5-4 record for the season ... earned one win by fall ... placed fourth in the Amateur Division at the UNK Holiday Inn Open ... named to WWC Coaches' Honor Roll ... also recognized as a Mountain West Scholar-Athlete ... All-American at the ASICS Junior National Championships, placing sixth at 120kg.
High School: Lettered four years in wrestling for coach Brad Holzer ... captured second- and fourth-place state finishes ... two-time folkstyle All-American ... three-time all-conference honoree ... also lettered three years in football ... all-region selection and three-time all-conference selection ... class valedictorian ... member of National Honor Society.
Personal: Member of cadet squadron 40 ... son of Dennis and Rhonda Malecek ... has three siblings ... father played junior college football ... uncle, Dave, was an All-American at Northern Iowa, while uncle, Joe, was an All-American at Nebraska ... plans to major in electrical engineering ... hobbies include outdoor recreation (hunting, fishing, boating) and sports ... craziest ambition is to be both an All-American and an Academic All-American.


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August 1, 2012 full moon
Mindfulness & the Cognitive Process, Part II
by John Peacock
If sati, mindfulness, is not there in ordinary life, it is not working. If it is only there on retreat, and absent in your daily life, this is also problematic. What makes this integration so difficult is that tanha, desire or craving, is not just something added to our experience: It is literally built into our cognitive process. We are, if you will, born with the pathology of desire.
[This article is Part II of a series; the first part appeared in the June 2012 Insight Journal. Please see here on our website for that article. –Ed.]
Ordinarily the ways that we look at the world are primarily "How is this good or bad for me?" However, the Buddha instigates a Copernican revolution: take "me" out of the center of the universe and we begin to perceive that the universe is actually dispassionate–it does not care about "me" at all.
Once we begin to understand the inefficacy of tanha, endless craving, it starts eliminating the confusion or ignorance about the way things are. "Tanhic activity," if you want to put it that way, is not driven by confusion; it is the manifestation of confusion. Our representations are distorted because they are always what we want for ourselves: the "sign-making" and "I-making" that go on in the whole process of representation.
Desire is our normal cognitive process
In our normal cognitive process, this is what we are caught up in, language and all of the system of signs that we live within. This is our enmeshment, yet we do not have to be enmeshed in that way. You can unhook; that is what the practice is about, beginning to unhook from the seductive nature of the signs which are around us. It does not mean that you do not do something: It just means you are no longer seduced by the promise of satisfaction.
The other thing to remember is that under the gaze of our desire, that is, what's functioning in our cognitive process at the moment: We are looking with eyes of desire. I hear with ears of desire. Everything loses its innocence. Only when we can relax into "when seeing, just see," and so on, can we unhook from the signs. The signs are no longer perceived through desire, but understanding.
In later Buddhist thought, the only real form of knowing is direct perception. Anything else-inferential perception, conceptual perception–is secondary, and potentially erroneous. In fact all representation through signs is erroneous, because each sign is filled with desire. Sariputta, for example, in the Mahavedalla Sutta (MN 43) speaks of the "sign-less deliverance of the mind."
The Buddha often also condemned the craving to monopolize the truth, where we say, "I have The Truth." He thinks that dukkha just results from such dogmatism. I think we can see that in the modern world. What we have often is just conflicting absolute truths: no dialog, no talking, no real debate.
The Buddha also points out, in the Madhupindika Sutta, that war is just a continuation of verbal disputes driven by mental proliferation (papañca).
"Why do disputants who assert themselves to be the only experts proclaim different truths? Have many different truths have been heard of, or do they follow from their own reasoning? There are not many truths, but many fixed perceptions of the world. But having reasoned on views, they proclaim a double dhamma, truth and falsehood. Tenacious in their views they enter into disputes in the world; but if tenacity is given up, nobody will excite strife in the world."
He also says that the tongue is the verbal dagger that is hidden behind the soft palate.
In his diagnosis, the restless, relentless quest we have for final truths and ultimate meanings is called ditthasava. The Buddha anticipates, I think, Freud's ideas about philosophical and religious mastery, that desire to master things, to be in control. There is a little phrase I came across once, which was anonymous: "Relax. Absolutely nothing is under control."
The Buddha himself resists and refuses to enter into any disputes about truth, particularly the truth of views. Digha Nikaya I, Brahmajala Sutta, you'll find 62 views. He is not going to dispute them; he just thinks they're all wrong views.
Views, if they are held properly, are not a problem. But we do not hold views properly, because there is the craving and clinging for it to be an ultimate truth. We may say, well, I do not really hold to this view, it is really temporary. I can be persuaded otherwise. But it is much more solid than that. When I say, "I have this view," it generally means "It is true."
The point is the ability to shift, move, and have flexibility. It is not the views themselves, but the clinging to the views, which becomes the problem.
Narrative & views
We are doing this all the time. Our narratives are true, for us. The novelist Jeannette Winterson, in her book The Passion, has a refrain that runs through the book: "Trust me–I'm telling you stories." We might not see our stories as political views or the stories expressed by religious traditions, but our views are equally dogmatic, about what kinds of lives we live, what kind of persons we are. In fact, your self is a collocation of views and narratives.
It is an attempt to arrest flux, the impermanence that makes us uneasy. So that is the nature of self that the Buddha is giving you, which is flux, and what we are doing is trying to have some degree of certainty about ourselves and the others around us. That often leads to rigidity, tension and despair.
I'm trying to get personal with you about this, because all the views that we have about ourselves are exactly that, a whole bunch of views. That is what the practice is doing, shaking up our narratives, views and stories that we tell ourselves about ourselves. It is all about the search for certainty and control in a world that is out of control most of the time.
Tanha & the cognitive process
We focus on the circumstances rather than the tanha. But the tanha is always going to be there. It infects every perceptual moment–even in the nicest holiday spot you can imagine. In every unwholesome state, there will be something like tanha going on.
The point is not "Oh, we are terrible people." In many senses we are not doing it consciously; we are just caught up in it. It is like a person with a pathology who's caught up in their pathology. It is not as if they're to blame for it. There is no blame and shame involved in this. Yet from the Buddhist perspective, tanha, and samsara–which is being driven by tanha–is a perfect example of what we would say is obsessive-compulsive disorder. From the Buddhist perspective, everybody has obsessive-compulsive disorder, endlessly repeating this stuff.
Early Buddhist thought is not metaphysics
Early Buddhist thought is totally misaprehended if we think of it as anything at all philosophical. It is not metaphysical and it is not ontological. It is not making statements about being, and it is not allied to metaphysics either. The Buddha is very disparaging of all metaphysical ideas, including any consolatory metaphysical ideas.
In the Digha Nikaya, in the Tevijja Sutta, The Three Forms of Knowledge, his main attack on metaphysics, he notes that metaphysical ideas are a bit like a house that is being proposed to be built at a crossroads, and they have only built the staircase, and the staircase does not go anywhere. The image says "the house of metaphysics leads nowhere."
Even more scathing in the same sutta is analysis of the idea of looking for some kind of first cause for everything, some kind of creator. He says in this sutta, isn't looking for this first cause, this creator, like looking for the most beautiful girl in the world? Someone says, "I'm in love with the most beautiful girl in the world." And somebody says to him, "And do you know her name?" "No." "Do you know what she looks like?" "No." "Do you know which village she comes from?" "No." "Do you know what caste she comes from?" "No." After a whole list of questions and responses like this, the Buddha says, "If a person thinks in this way, aren't they rather stupid?"
Like the house, this is making claims about things we haven't seen, haven't tasted, haven't touched–have no possibility of seeing, tasting or touching, or using in any of our normal sensory apparatus. The Buddha is saying this is a rather stupid way of thinking. It just goes nowhere.
Yet, as the Austrian philosopher Wittgenstein remarks in his Philosophical Investigations, language presents us with a picture, and the picture holds us captive. Can we, however, release ourselves from the captivation of the metaphysical pictures presented to us in language?
Buddha, the first semiotician
Buddhist thought, and particularly in the early texts, as I have said, are not metaphysical or ontological. They are an acute examination of the pathology of desire. That also includes seeing and disclosing the disease of the desire which in turn produces ontological systems of thought and essentialist systems of thought.
So when you look at these early texts, the Buddha is doing both: He's looking at the individual, but he's also looking at the systems of thought, which he's actually extremely critical of. In contemporary terms, he is actually looking at the psychology that underpins our beliefs, asking, "What produced our religions and our philosophies?"
In the Mahavedalla Sutta (MN 43), we get Sariputta giving the discourse, which is very much an exposure of this pathology of desire. In this sutta, Sariputta claims that all "realities" are products of desire. Desire is diagnosed as a three-fold drive: lust, hatred, and delusion, all products of desire. This is what he says. (In my notes, I've italicized the key word:)
"Lust is something, hate is something, delusion is something."
"Lust is a maker of signs. Hate is a maker of signs. And delusion is a maker of signs."
Part of what he's saying here is that all of our lust, hatred and delusion are instantiated in signification, in the signs that we see around us. The goodies that we see in material society are actually signs of lust, of desire. It is not just psychologically, it is actually our lust, our hatred, and our delusion, embedded, or instantiated in, the signs and symbols that we see around us.
So the Buddha beat the French to semiotics (the science of signs) by 2500 years. Our cognitive facilities are apprehending signs continuously. We live in a world of signs, what Rolland Barthes called "The Empire of Signs."
Things are perceived as objects of lust, hatred and delusion. It goes on, "They are productive of the measurable." Now that is a funny word in Pali, pamana, which actually means "the measurable." So objects of lust, hatred and delusion are products of the measurable: That means we compare them. Due to the delusion produced by desire, the mind cannot perceive dispassionately.
Our minds are constantly making judgments which are measuring or evaluating things, in terms of "good" or "bad," (for me). Sariputta asks and answers, he says: What causes this? Nimitta-karana, "by way of signification," literally, by sign-making.
Language is a sign, but so is everything around us: a bunch of flowers is a sign. It can signify different things, for example, a wedding anniversary, or on the other hand, condolence. This is incredible stuff for the early period in which this text is occurring.
We are so imbedded in this it is difficult to catch yourself out. Everything we perceive becomes a signifier, from the book, to the iPad, to the cup of coffee–we live in a world of signs, a forest of signs. We are never outside of signification.
When percepts are seen as becoming, not as signs–this is in a sense what we do in formal meditation, cleaning perception up–we can see our relationship to them unfolding. Then they cease to be signifiers of desire. You are unhooked from them.
For example, you see the desire for something sensual arising in your mind, perhaps even the visualization of it. But the moment you simply allow that to unfold, unhooking to it, just seeing arising and passing away, it no longer becomes a sign. It no longer becomes seductive. The sign is wonderfully seductive; this is what advertising is all about. The subtleties of the seduction are there, even if you refuse to enter into the gross side of it.
Empty signifiers of desire
One of the things that you see when you see things as signifiers of desire is that they're actually empty of what they're promising.
It could be argued that "everything is appropriated by us" in some way or another. We think there is a natural environment out there, but it isn't so natural; in Britain for example, it has been sculpted by a thousand years of particular landscape manipulation. So actually what we are seeing is signs of the natural, which mean something for me. Everything that we are doing, we are doing in that way. So everything becomes "something for me."
We can see through that; that is what the whole process of cleaning up cognition is. We can see the signs that are offered, and what they appear to be full of–promise, hope, security, beauty, truth, identity, all of the things that we make it for us–and we suddenly see them as empty.
Emptiness is not a thing; it is just the emptiness of whatever is proffered within that thing. Think of the signs of desire within contemporary society, which is mostly the material goods, which are offered out: the fashion, the new technology, new cars, everything of this sort. What do they proffer? Well, very crudely, it is something like the hope of happiness and contentment, status, power, identity, control. But actually coming into relationship with them where you see them arise and pass away in your consciousness as the signs that they are, then you see that they are empty of any reality of possessing those things.
It is the stilling of conceptualization. Part of this is stilling a certain form of sañña (usually translated usually as "perception," one of the five aggregates), specifically the sañña that is actually taking views. The views themselves are wedded to signification.
It is like the fight and flight instinct; it still has a very good basis if you are crossing a train line and a train is bearing down on you. But for most of us, the fight or flight instinct gets in our way in ordinary societal situations; when the whole thing is kicking in, it gets us into very muddy waters. Equally so, in the use of signs, where the deer is a sign of food if you are living in a hunter-gatherer society, but in most of our societies it isn't useful at all. It just becomes a symbol of something that we invest with a lot of power, but now no longer has any real significance.
These things are invested with a power that is basically seducing us. Even if I need a certain piece of technology for my work, there are still probably vestigial aspects of status, power and significance of this particular object within your life. There is still investment in it, even if we've got the pragmatic argument.
When you are not seduced by the sign, then there is a sense of release. It is perfectly OK to enjoy an experience, as long as you are not craving to repeat it. We are corporeal, embodied, sensual beings. We are going to have stuff coming through the senses. When the Buddha says "guarding the sense doors," it is not about cutting ourselves off from the senses, but guarding ourselves against the craving that arises from repetition.
A lot of the tradition interprets guarding the sense doors as like an image that is used in yoga of pratyahara, which is actually the withdrawal of the senses; you go inward, withdrawing from the world. That is not the Buddha's view at all. He sees that as another form of extreme asceticism. His idea is to be in the world but guarding our sense doors against the inevitable craving and desire that arises.
As signs, things are full. When we see them under the meditative condition, we see them as empty. When they're full, they are full of desire, aversion, and confusion. The last one, of course, is extremely difficult to see. We can often pick out the desire and the aversion, but we can't necessarily see the confusion, as we are not necessarily aware of the ground on which we walk.
The moment we are caught up in this world of signs, actually we are caught up in dukkha. Once we are seeing clearly, we know that the world of signs is actually productive of more dukkha, because it does not give us what we want. But when we do not unhook from it, we just go on looking for further signs that will lead us on to the promise of satisfaction. "Satisfaction" is two-fold, avoiding the things I do not want to happen to me, and getting the things I want to happen to me.
"Sign-less deliverance"
To understand what's going on in the early texts, in the Nikayas in general, you have to understand the pathology and the semiotics of desire. That is what's going on; the Buddha is talking endlessly about the pathology of desire, and the semiotics of it, in the Mahavedalla Sutta, and others. We have to understand not the ontologies of the mind, but the pathologies of the mind. Semiotics tells us that nothing is neutral; everything is a sign for something.
So the goal of the path, as stated in the Mahavedella Sutta, is to realize what was referred to above as "the sign-less delivery of the mind." No longer is everything caught up in this pathology of desire, where everything is perceived as some kind of semiotic indicator of aversion and desire. That is an incredibly profound statement, although one that can seem extremely obscure if you just read the text.
The sign-less delivery of mind is being unhooked from all of the things that are proffered by all of the signs that we inhabit. Everything is promising me something. It can also be promising something that is fearful, that is aversive, as opposed to the signs of attraction. A lot of things are saying "do not come near me." All these signs are human constructs, and all of them can cause suffering if not seen for what they are, merely signs.
~ ~ ~
John Peacock has taught meditation for almost 30 years. He currently teaches Buddhist Psychology at Oxford University in the MBCT (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy) masters program. He is also Associate Director of the Oxford Mindfulness Centre and is a member of Gaia House'sTeacher Council.
www.gaiahouse.co.uk .
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Recipe by SMUCKER'S®
"Topped with strawberry preserves, these peanut butter flavored treats are any-time-of-day snacks."
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1 cup
firmly packed dark brown sugar
3/4 cup
Butter Flavor Crisco® Stick, plus additional for greasing
1/2 cup
Jif® Creamy Peanut Butter
2 1/8 cups
all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon
1/2 teaspoon
baking soda
1 1/2 cups
oats (quick, uncooked)
1/3 cup
1 cup
SMUCKER'S® Strawberry Preserves
Awesome! I took these to my daughter's preschool class and one of her teachers asked for the recipe. :) I used half-dark brown sugar and half-light brown, and I used ½ cup of regular Crisco shortening plus 1/4 cup softened margarine. I also mixed the water in at the same time as the oats, it came together fast. If your preserves or jam (I used Smucker's Strawberry Jam) are a little clumpy and doesn't want to spread, just pop them in the microwave for 20 seconds or so. It'll make it easier to spread them over the base. Oh, and lastly, I just sort of crumbled-and-pressed the topping part over the jam, I didn't arrange the dough over top. Very good bars!
These were OK. They were kinda dry. I did increase the amount of strawberry preserves. Adding some cool whip on top made them better.
10 Ratings
I followed this recipe exactly, only used whole wheat flour instead of white. Seemed to have a lot more peanut butter/oat mixture than jelly so it was a little dry. But very tasty and my kids loved them. Will make again--probably add more water next time.
Mine didn't turn out quite as pretty as the picture but my family loved them! They said it reminded them of strawberry newtons. After a couple days they get very crumbly.
Mine didn't turn out quite as pretty as the picture, and it was pretty dry... but still yummy! I want to make it again but i'm not sure how to fix the dryness problem...
I don't know why I haven't rated these before--I've been doing them for years, even with my own homemade jelly/jam--my kids LOVE them! LOVE THEM!
When I made mine they didn't come out near as pretty as the picture. Also they could have used a little more jelly. There were some parts of the bars where there was no jelly. Other than that they tasted really good.
These taste just like a peanut butter and jelly sandwhich! My daughter and I made these together, and we didn't have enough regular oats to make the topping, so we used a couple of packets of maple and brown sugar instant oatmeal. Now that added a yummy twist! We used grape jelly. Held together nice.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Peanut Butter and Jelly Oat Bars
Serving Size: 1/12 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 12
Amount Per Serving
** Calories: 429
** Calories from Fat: 164
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The Belgian defence force has resumed unmanned air vehicle flying operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo after one of its Israel Aircraft Industries/Belgian Hunter Consortium B-Hunter UAVs was shot down by a local gunman using a Kalashnikov AK-47 machine gun.
The UAVs have been deployed by Belgium as part of the European peacekeeping force Congo (EURFOR Congo), based in Kinshasa.
The UAV was completing a 3h shakedown sortie on 28 July when it passed over marshlands at 1,300ft (400m) near Kinshasa's N'Dolo airport, where EURFOR Congo is based.
EURFOR Congo spokesman Lt Col Peter Fuss, from the German army, says that the incident is being treated as a "lucky shot" by a lone gunman, "a single guy with a criminal background", rather than rebel activity.
The bullet hit the main wing spar, causing it to shatter.
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The Training Research and Applied Cognitive Engineering laboratory focuses on utilizing cutting edge technology and science for applied training and assessment across military, medical, and civilian domains. Many of our systems use augmented reality (AR) technology to create effective training protocols. Our mission is to continue to advance the field of human factors through continued applied work in real world operational environments. We work with local and national organizations to help them solve their training, teamwork, and assessment needs through the application of experimental psychology and human factors.
TRACE Lab is involved in a multitude of human factors projects. Current funded projects include a set of research lines examining the effects of Augmented Reality (AR) for training in medical, military, and consumer systems; research examining information exchange via handoffs between pediatric hospitalists; and research examining the human factors needs in pre-hospital emergency care.
Current Sponsors
TRACE Laboratory is proud of its sponsors and academic/industry partners:
Sponsor Name: Optek/Fretlight Music Systems, Inc. – Project Name: Examining the effects of an augmented reality guitar learning system
Sponsor Name: Blue Cross Blue Shield – Project Name: Determining Optimal Handoff Protocols for the Transition of Patient Care
Partner Name: Army Research Laboratory Night Vision Electronics Sensors Directorate - Project Name: Examining the efficacy of augmented reality for Combat Identification Training
Wichita State University Undergraduate Student Research Grant
Title: Investigating the Efficacy of Augmented Reality Training for Combat Identification Tasks, $1,000
Role: Faculty Advisor
Blue Cross Blue Shield Kansas City Area Life Sciences Institute
Project Title: Determining Optimal Handoff Protocols for the Transition of Patient Care, $50,000
Role: Co-Investigator
Journal Articles
Keebler, J.R., Wiltshire, T.J., Smith, D.C., Fiore, S.M., & Bedwell, J.S. (2014) Shifting the paradigm of music instruction: implications of embodiment stemming from an augmented reality guitar learning system. Front. Psychol. 5:471. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00471
Keebler, J.R., Jentsch, F., & Schuster, D. (2014). The effects of video game experience and active stereoscopy on performance in combat identification tasks. Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Bohil, C.J., Higgins, N.A., & Keebler, J.R. (2014). Predicting and interpreting identification errors in military vehicle training using multidimensional scaling. Ergonomics. DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2014.899631
Keebler, J.R., Dietz, A.S., Lazzara, E.H., Benishek, L., Toor, P., Almeida, S., King, H., & Salas, E. (2014). Validation of a team perceptions measure to increase patient safety. British Medical Journal: Quality and Safety. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2013-001942
Keebler, J.R., Jentsch, F., Sciarini, L.W., & Fincannon, T. (2013). Using physical 3D objects as training media for military vehicle identification. Journal of Ergonomics, 3(112), 1-5. Doi: 10.4172/2165-7556.1000112
Fincannon, T., Keebler, J. R., Jentsch, F., & Curtis, M. (2013). The influence of camouflage, obstruction, familiarity, and spatial ability on target identification from an unmanned ground vehicle. Ergonomics, 56(5): 739-751.
Dr. Joseph R. Keebler
428 Jabara Hall
Dustin Smith
447 Jabara Hall
Brady Patzer
447 Jabara Hall
TRACE Lab, 2012
From left to right: Training Simulation; Participant interacting with an Augmented Reality vehicle


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By Donna MilesAmerican Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, Feb. 20, 2004 A bronze statue of a soldier mourning a fallen comrade traveled from Tikrit, Iraq, to Fort Hood, Texas, this week to become the focal point of a memorial to the soldiers of Task Force Ironhorse who have died during Operation Iraqi Freedom.
The statue arrived at Fort Hood's Robert Gray Army Airfield Feb. 16, along with the first 60 soldiers in the task force to redeploy from Iraq, said Capt. Charles Armstrong, secretary of the general staff for the rear detachment.
Armstrong said the statue will be moved today to a 4th Infantry Division storage site as preparations for the memorial continue. Groundbreaking is expected to take place within the next two weeks, he said.
Task Force Ironhorse soldiers donated the $18,000 to cover the cost of the statue, created by an Iraqi sculptor from the melted-down remnants of statues he had been forced to sculpt for former dictator Saddam Hussein, said Maj. Josslyn Aberle, public affairs officer for the 4th Infantry Division at its Iraq headquarters in Tikrit.
The 4th Infantry Division at Fort Hood is raising private contributions to cover the $60,000 cost of the larger memorial project, Aberle said.
The Ironhorse statue depicts a soldier kneeling before a memorial of boots, rifle and helmet. With him stands a young Iraqi girl with her hand reaching out to touch the shoulder of the mourning soldier.
Army 1st Sgt. Glen Simpson, former first sergeant for Headquarters and Headquarters Company, posed for the picture used to create the statue.
"The memorial will recognize those brave Ivy Division soldiers that have made the supreme sacrifice in the service of our nation during Operation Iraqi Freedom," said Ted Kostich, president of the Ironhorse Chapter of the National 4th Infantry Division Association of Fort Hood.
Aberle said 84 Ironhorse soldiers have been killed in Iraq.
To donate funds for the memorial, write: Ironhorse Chapter of the National 4th Infantry Division Association, PO Box 5009, Fort Hood, TX 76544.


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Latest news from Hendrick Manufacturing
Tom Mosca, New VP of ManufacturingApril 10, 2014
CEO, Mike Drake, announced the appointment of Tom Mosca of Huntingdon Valley, PA as the new Vice President of Manufacturing for Hendrick Manufacturing (Carbondale, PA) and Hendrick Metal Products (Elgin IL.). Tom earned his Mechanical Engineering degree from Temple University and graduated from the Executive Leadership Program at McColl Graduate School of Business. With over 30 years' experience in manufacturing, he has an extensive knowledge of Lean Manufacturing techniques. He holds a variety of certifications, including Six-Sigma, Black Belt, and Kaizen. His previous companies include: Garlock Bearings, Inc., France Compressor Products and GGB Bearing Technology. His last position as Executive Vice President and COO was at Sancoa International in Lumberton, NJ. Tom and his wife have three grown children and will be moving to the area soon.
Energy-Smart Business Honor Roll Member with PPL Electric Utilities Corp.January 1, 2014
Hendrick Manufacturing is now an Energy-Smart Business Honor Roll member with PPL Electric Utilities Corporation. The recognition is given to businesses that take measures to be more energy efficient. Hendrick Manufacturing received the designation for recycling 25 million pounds of metal each year.


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"Haverford showed me that I could channel my passions into real-world projects, from my CPGC internships, to my thesis, to my Watson Fellowship after graduation. I am grateful for the fantastic opportunities I received to explore my passions and interests, both curricular and extracurricular." – Tim Richards '10
Chief Philosopher and Nut Alchemist Tim Richards '10 promotes his stone ground sprouted almond butter business, The Philosopher's Stoneground. Read his Alumni Profile


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GBE Playdate: Contradiction - Part 02
Become Premium to Watch
This re-release seems unnecessary at first glance, but the conclusion of Kratos' journey serves up a level of spectacle that remains impressive in 2015.
Her Story is a bold and largely successful experiment in interactive crime fiction.
Rocksteady's gorgeous-looking third Arkham game refines its open-world format a bit and lets you drive a whole hell of a lot of Batmobile.
Franchise »
A blade blessed by the goddess Ashera in the Tellius Fire Emblem universe. It is the blade used by the Black Knight. Its sister blade is named Ragnell.
A kind of protective clothing.
A special staff in the original Fire Emblem and its remakes. It has the power to restore a single dead character to life.
The axe is a tool used for many activities. Its uses include cutting wood, knocking down doors in emergencies, and rending your enemies limb from limb without mercy or regret.
In Norse mythology Sigfried used this sword to slay Fafnir, a dragon. It is also called 'Gram'.
Some games have readable books. Come and quench your thirst for knowledge.
"It's hard to keep your feet dry when you're kicking in a skull." Unless you've got the right gear, that is.
The bread and butter of any self respecting archer, the bow is a stereotypical ranged weapon of olden times and fantasy settings.
A broadsword is any long, two-edged, straight sword.
Also known as a cloak. Commonly worn by superheroes, the cape is a very popular object. Can be used to give you the power of flight or make you invisible.
A wrist-mounted mini-computer that has the capability to install and utilize the Demon Summoning Program. It is an iconic gadget of the Megami Tensei franchise.
Rifle-like thrower of bolts/arrows. Not to be confused with a bowcaster.
A knife-like weapon used for quick lethal strokes. Doesn't usually deal much damage unless foe is attacked repeatedly.
A piece of clothing consisting of a skirt with an attached bodice. Commonly worn by women.
Usually, eyepatches indicate that the wearer has a severe eye disease or has suffered a serious eye injury. Often the implication is that the wearer is habitually involved in dangerous situations. Eyepatches are frequently associated with pirates.
The sword wielded by the legendary hero Anri, used to defeat the Shadow Dragon. In Fire Emblem: Ankoku Ryu to Hikari no Tsurugi and its remakes, Marth takes up the sword to once again stop Medeus. The blade is passed down through the generations and later wielded by Chrom in Fire Emblem: Awakening.
A shield in the possession of Archanean royalty to be passed on to a great hero. It grants access to all treasure chests in the land. In the original Fire Emblem, it is given to Marth by Princess Nyna.
A ball of hot flickering fire. Usually thrown from the hero's hand into the squealing face of the enemy.
The mythical barbed spear of Cu Chulainn. It makes frequent appearances in games.
A large, heavy weapon that is usually double headed.
Glasses are framed pieces of glass or plastic that are worn in front of the eyes and on the bridge of the nose usually to correct vision or as identity statement. Often worn by nerds.
A great axe is a long, typically single-bladed, two-handed axe.
Throwing weapon.
A traditional sword originating in Japan.
Used to open doors, or anything else that is locked. In any game where the player has an inventory, it's a safe bet that a key will appear at some point.
A lance is a long range combat weapon that appears in many games.
In the Tellius Fire Emblem universe, Lehran's Medallion is the Fire Emblem. It is said to hold the spirit of a dark god.
A long, light blade, used with either one or two hands.
Better than your average key, this magic key can be used over and over.
A magic staff is a large, thick stick or stick-shaped object usually with a medallion or amulet connected to the top. It is mostly used for its magical capabilities, but can also be wielded as a light melee weapon.
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Jacksonville State University- Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education-2000
Jacksonville State University- Masters in Elementary Education/Computers- 2007
Jacksonville State University-EdS in Elementary Education-2010
Philosophy of Education
The field of education has undergone and will continue to go through many changes. However, one basic tenet which I adhere to is that every student is a unique individual (Diverse Learners). Therefore, it is my responsibility to develop and present my lessons in such a way as to meet the varied needs and abilities of my class.
Conversation with my students is vital in presenting lessons (Communicating and Technology). An awareness of my students' prior-knowledge about the subject matter will inform me on decisions about what they need to learn. (Teaching Strategies & Techniques) I believe much learning is the ability to retain basic facts such as number recognition, addition facts, letter-sound recognition, digraphs, inflectional endings and high-frequency words. But when presenting the curriculum, I not only present it as facts to be memorized, I also develop hands-on-projects, centers, and games which help the students learn application, and develop purpose to what they are learning. The centers allow for opportunities that promote the development of critical thinking, and problem solving.
In order to improve my students learning it is essential to assess my students through a variety of measures (Assessment). Observation is one form of evaluation that takes place daily in my class. By observing my students, it allows for instant evaluation and adjustment that may be needed. My students are also assessed through weekly formal assessments to evaluate what they learned. After evaluation of the assessments it provides me with knowledge of what strategies need to be adjusted in my teaching for the next week.
In each class the ability level varies and with inclusion there is an even stronger necessity to augment my instruction with strategies that stimulate learning on all levels. Instruction is presented in a variety of ways which include peer tutoring and individual, small and whole groups (Educational Environment). Through the use of varied instruction it allows my student to draw on their own knowledge. It also builds a sense of community allowing students' to express their interests, and abilities. The increasing number of students from other countries is also an asset in the classroom. It allows for diverse perspectives from different cultures.
To the best of my ability I strive to take each student from his beginning level and encourage and motivate him to develop to his greatest potential. This is often very hard because so many students come to school with the desire to learn as a low priority. By providing opportunities for parents to participate in their child's education, often leads to a change in the students desire to learn. I firmly believe learning can and does take place when parents are involved, the classroom environment is positive, and the teacher is well prepared, organized, and knowledgeable.
As an effective educator I must stay on top of the latest educational theory and research (Professionalism) in order to develop learning experiences that are appropriate for my grade level and my curriculum goals based on Local, State and National Standards. In order to meet these criteria I attend workshops, read journals, develop in-depth lesson plans, and meet with other teachers to learn and stay up-to-date. I make sure that there is a large variety of learning tools available for my students.
As a teacher I not only impart information. I am a mentor, example, friend (not buddy), and oftentimes the only positive adult in a child's day. These standards have not and should not change even though other strategies and theories will disappear or be revised.
1983-1993 Kindergarten & Pre-K.- Hardin's Chapel Bible School
1994-2001 Pre-School-Even Start (Pell City School System)
2001-2003 Fourth and Fifth grade-Iola Roberts
2003-2005 First Grade-Eden Elementary
2005-2006 Fourth Grade-Iola Roberts Elementary
2006-Presently: First Grade-Iola Roberts Elementary
I am Cheryl Smith, the daughter of Rufus and Geri Bunt. I was born on May 11, 1961 in Miami, Florida. I have five brothers, a half-brother and a half-sister. I attended Tropical Elementary School and Riveria Jr. High School in Miami. I moved to Alabama in the summer of my ninth-grade year and finished out my high school years at Ragland High School. After high-school I attend Jacksonville State University where I received a Bachelor of Science, Master and Educational Specialist Degree in Elementary Education.
I live in Ragland and attend church at Hardin's Chapel. Some special events in my life were when I married my husband Austin and the birth of our three children. My son Derrick, the eldest, is twenty-five. My middle child Megan is twenty-two and Paige the youngest. I am very proud of my children. Derrick also graduated from JSU in Criminal Justices. He is employed by the Army and is based in Savannah, Ga. Megan is married to Wayan. They have two sons. Jett is the oldest and Kade the youngest. Paige is attending college at Jefferson State, working on a degree in Nursing.
The Pell City School System does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, or age in its programs and activities.
This official website is property of Iola Roberts Elementary School.
Copyright © 2015 Iola Roberts Elementary School


text: 96 Teams? Bring It! 04/04/2010 07:17 PM 04/04/2010 07:21 PM 96 Teams? Bring It! 04/04/2010 07:21 PM Thad Brown doesn't think expanded tournament will be all that bad Thad Brown takes a minute to talk about why a 96-team Big Dance maybe more fun than you and most of the college basketball media think. Copyright 2013 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. Page: [[$index + 1]] ncaa tournament sports


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ibook g4 1.33 Ram
Can anyone give me a link to A Gig stick of Ram on newegg that will work on my wifes ibook G4 1.33 Ghz
Im still unsure if it takes 2100 or 2700.........
Are there any particular brand preferences?
This is the one I bought for my ibook, second one down, so now I have 1.5GB.
Excellent, thank you.
Im sure you noticed quite the increase in performance?
I can run safari, mail, limewire, fire, iphoto, address book, apple remote desktop, word, powerpoint, itunes, and bittorent all at the same time with little to no lag.
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