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Archive for the 'Wedding Stationery' Category
MERRY CHRISTMAS!Tuesday, December 25th, 2012
I hope you are all having a lovely festive day!
I am at work celebrating it with a good bunch of co-workers.
This is the 3rd year I have worked Christmas day. It's not too bad. We will all dig in and get the work done as fast as possible and high tail the hell out of there so we can be with family and friends and eat yummy left overs!
I want to thank you all for reading my blog!
I would continue my blog even if there was no readership, as I love that it journals my life, although receiving comments makes it all the more special.
Thank you for taking the time out in your day to stop by and say a few words, I really appreciate it and I hope I have entertained you throughout the year.
. . . . .
The picture above is a wreath I hand painted with watercolour paints for my own Christmas cards to send out!
House warming & Baby shower invitationTuesday, October 2nd, 2012
Here is my latest stationery work.
The client is due with their first baby after trying for 5 years and a little IVF help.
They are also moving house! So they are combining a house warming with the baby shower and at that stage, the baby would have arrived!
The original water colour art work.
Original hand painted.
Scanned and made into card with envelope.
And some separate little "We've moved" cards in lilac with matching envelopes.
All stacked up and ready to post with the original artwork!
If you are interested in these cards, check out my etsy listing here
(sorry about the blurs!)
I'm back again, with more flowersWednesday, July 11th, 2012
Here to bombard you again. Okay, not really. I only have a couple out of the 45 pics I took.
In my defence, I took so many pictures, because I am actively practicing with the manual mode on my DSLR.
This is the little garden bed along side the garage where I planted these beauties. And there is so much more to come!
Sad news for you, yayness for me!
I really want to see a red one. The fuchsia is nice though.
Once these flowers are done flowering, I want to fill this garden bed with an espalier/trellis of jasmine vine.
Just like this.
This one and . . . .
. . . This one . . .
got the chop and placed in my vintage glass candlestick holder masquerading as a vase
Which you can see here.
It is also perched on the window sill of the 2nd bedroom THAT I NEED TO PAINT. OH LORD GIVE ME THE STRENGTH TO PAINT MY WINDOWWWSSSSS!!!!
Too bad, I am busy taking flower photos and finishing off wedding invitations.
I have sent the top secret french elopement invitation to the printers yesterday (though no pics till October, as per requests of the bride as it is all very "hush hush" which I can understand)
And I am finishing off my friends invites that are half in English and half in Serbian for her October wedding!
They will be gold foil and some things in turquoise watercolour! Busy busy busy.
Menu & Table NumbersTuesday, May 15th, 2012
Thank you and Merry ChristmasFriday, December 23rd, 2011
The next 4 days I will be at work (yes Christmas day included)
I have been wrapping up some custom jobs!
Including this one for a fabulous client!
Just thought I would take this time to thank you all for reading my blog!!
My Blog turned 2 in late Nov! I enjoy receiving all your comment, even the spam… ahh NOT. Hope to entertain you in the new year with talks and pics of renovations and BABIES!
I am not pregnant, but they are definitely on the cards.
Merry Christmas and best wishes for this year and the next!
Justine + Luke Custom Wedding StationeryThursday, August 25th, 2011
Good Morning everyone.
Here is a few pictures of my latest custom wedding suite I did for a lovely client.
They were letter pressed on the most amazing imported Italian stock in two colours, lilac and grey ink.
The envelopes were custom designed by me and made with imported Japanese paper.
The suite consists of:
Wishing well card
R.S.V.P card
Thank you card
Outer "Cupid's Bow" envelope lined with hand marbled paper from Thailand
Inner "Cupid's Bow" r.s.v.p envelope
"Cupid's Bow" address label
. . . . . . .
Please contact me if you would like to have your wedding stationery custom designed by me.
If you are interested in purchasing "Cupid's Bow" envelopes, please contact me as well. They are available in 2 sizes (shown) and 3 colours (lilac, oat and white)
All work is copyright by NeoReverie. Please contact me in writing before publishing these pictures anywhere else. laura at neoreverie dot com dot au (No spaces and correct characters)
It is sale time!Tuesday, August 9th, 2011
I need a new car!
I need to launch my website at the very least, by the end of the year, but aiming for September!
In the mean time, I have listed a few things for sale and I will add more in the coming weeks.
First on the list is reproduction panton chairs. They are black and I have 6 for sale.
I would like $350 for them.
Gumtree here Sale pending!
eBay here Sale pending!
(Hint, put your best offer as $350 and I will accept it. I couldn't figure out how to put a buy it now ad up for $350 and this is all I managed, hence the pricing difference)
As you are aware, I design stationery and I am also a bit nifty at hand sewing. I have created several wedding stationery sets, including my own, that was featured on Style Me Pretty and I made 3 veils for my wedding. 2 of which I will be listing for sale soon, (I have found a GORGEOUS model, but need to get her a dress to wear)
I have also listed my very first item on etsy! It is a bridal clutch that I hand-made.
Buy her here! She is STUNNING!
The card that is peaking out of the clutch, is the latest invitation I have designed. The invites have not been formally posted to guests as yet, so I need to keep it under wraps. But once it has been I will photograph the entire set and show you all the lovely details. It was just a coincidence that the clutch lining was the same colour as the invitations.
Help my business out, please 'like' me on Facebook
If you want, you can 'follow' me on Twitter
And register your interest on my new website
My new website is an online shop with the option to custom make stationery suites, veils and clutches.
Our wedding featured on Style Me Pretty Australia!Tuesday, August 2nd, 2011
When I first set out to plan my wedding, it was all about creating an occasion worthy of being featured on the greatness that is Style Me Pretty.
Kate & Bernhard's Custom InvitesFriday, February 18th, 2011
I even designed the invitation in German!
Stationery comprises of:
- Invitation. Double Sided. Each invitation had the guests names printed on it, however I have only photographed the blank copies
- Map and Driving Directions. Double Sided
- Accommodation guide. Double Sided
- Belly Band
- Custom printed envelopes. Not shown
Custom designed and hand made by Laura of Lass Creative.


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text: >Many people think that they can simply build 2.4 on top of 2.3. When >they do this, guess what, they're doing something even I have not >done! Of course I don't do it -- I build 2.3 into 2.4 with about 50 >intermediate steps. That I can understand -- however there is probably an expectation (reasonable, I think) that one should be able to go from 2.4 to a 2.4 snapshot without too much grief. If the changes are dramatic enough that people will have serious difficulty upgrading, it probably isn't a snapshot any more :-) Evan, who did 2.3-release to something post-2.4 and survived :-)


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Shakespeare Ninjas Come to Winedale
The Gonzales Youth Center Shakespeare troupe, The Shakespeare Ninjas, will take the Winedale stage on July 28th preceding the summer class matinee.
Posted: May 31, 2012
Shakespeare Ninja performance at the 2012 spring Fesitval of Play.
The "Shakespeare Ninjas" -- an ensemble of 10 middle and high school students from the Gonzales Youth Center in Gonzales, Texas -- will present a tapestry of scenes from Twelfth Night at 1:30 p.m. in the Winedale Theater Barn on Saturday, July 28 as part of the center's annual visit to Winedale. The performance will precede the 2 p.m. performance of A Midsummer Night's Dream by the 2012 Shakespeare at Winedale summer class.
The Gonzales Youth Center, directed by Pat Anders, is an afterschool and summer program for disadvantaged youth in Gonzales and the surrounding rural area. Since 2010, the Shakespeare at Winedale Outreach program, in collaboration with Barbara Crozier of the Crystal Theater in Gonzales, has been working with the GYC to create an ensemble of students interested in studying Shakespeare through performance. The troupe, now directed by Ms. Crozier, also performed at this year's spring Festival of Play at Winedale, the annual Winedale Outreach luncheon on the UT campus, and at several locations in Gonzales.
Since 2011, Shakespeare at Winedale founding director and Camp Shakespeare director Dr. James B. Ayres has been working with the Shakespeare Ninjas intensively on the language of Twelfth Night. Two of the Ninja founding members – Dillon Segundo and Johnny Palacios – attended Camp Shakespeare in the summer of 2011 and have since become articulate and confident leaders of the Ninja troupe. This summer, Delsia Maldonado of the Ninjas is attending Camp Shakespeare's second session and performing in Macbeth.
"For many of our students," said GYC director Pat Anders, "this association with Shakespeare at Winedale Outreach provides a lifeline off the sidelines to which they have been relegated for most of their young lives. This is an extraordinary opportunity for our youth to be able to experience the thrill of performing the great works of Shakespeare under the skilled and caring tutelage of the Shakespeare at Winedale instructors."


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11 X 14. Pastel Painting, This spot is near my house. A small stream weaves it's way through the woods and creates beautiful reflections. I love the moss that grows around the base of the trees and the fall colors. Comments appreciated,
wow, this is amazing!
Another beautiful work!
Laura, on what kind of paper is this?
Thank you Curt and Charlie. I used Ampersand Pastelbord for this one,
Thank you, Laura.
Very nice! It has such a fall feeling. Nice reflection.
Laura, gorgeous work! I love the reflections on the water and the depth, colors,composition-you got it all!
Beautiful scene, Laura!
I love this !
great pastel painting. love it
precioso, me encantan los colores y las luces
A beautiful painting. I like the reflections and your choice of colors.
Thanks forr all your nice comments.
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Asian Pacific American Heritage Month
U.S. Senator Daniel Kahikina Akaka (D-Hawaii) delivered the Asian Pacific American Heritage Month keynote address at the Library of… read more
U.S. Senator Daniel Kahikina Akaka (D-Hawaii) delivered the Asian Pacific American Heritage Month keynote address at the Library of Congress in the Mumford Room of the James Madison Building. The event includes a 5-minute dance and music performance by the Lao Women's Association. close
*The transcript for this program was compiled from uncorrected Closed Captioning.
People in this video
- Daniel K. Akaka U.S. Senator [D] Hawaii
- James H. Billington Librarian of Congress United States
- Dorothy Coley Co-Chairman Library of Congress->Workforce Diversity
- Gilbert Sandate Director Library of Congress->Workforce Diversity
- Jiping Wu President Library of Congress->Asian American Association
Hosting Organization
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Václav Havel, playwright and one of Europe's political, moral and intellectual leaders, will deliver a lecture…
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Our research group is situated at the University of Murcia, south of Spain. The research fields of our group are various:
- biology, systematic, ecology and conservation of marine organisms
- dispersion, mobility and connectivity of marine organisms
- modelling as a tool for understanding the functionning of the marine ecosystems
- spatio-temporal evaluation of various fisheries: artisanal, recreational and of subsistence, by assessing their typology, catches, fishing effort…
- design, monitoring and management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) networks
- MPAs effects on marine biodiversity and fisheries
- ecological and functional responses of coastal ecosystems in the contect of the global change
- functional integrity, marine governance and conservation of the marine ecosystems services
You will find more information on the Marine Ecology and Conservation research group in the next tabs. We describe every members' research interests, the on-going and former projects of the group, the publications (peer-reviewed papers, reports and book chapters) and some pictural information on the fieldwork expertise!


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In " The Masque of Red Death" By Edgar Poe, list examples of metaphors and similies.
1 Answer | Add Yours
While imagery is most prevalent in "The Masque of the Red Death," similes and metaphors are also used.
One example of a simile is found on page 6 of the enotes etext, where Death's mask is described as "corpse-like" and horrifying. When Death's presence is acknowledged, they note that "he had come like a thief in the night" (6).
An example of a metaphor is when the party room is described as "a strong and lofty wall girdled it in" (4). The walls are compared to a girdle, which is an interesting metaphor because girdles are used by vain people to make themselves look better, and the prince is definitely vain.
Another example of a metaphor is, "but these other apartments were densely crowded, and in them beat feverishly the heart of life" (5). This metaphor also matches the color imagery, and the red and blood imagery used throughout the story.
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Witness the wisdom and work of one of the most accomplished and respected designers of the last 50 years, Kit Hinrichs.
"Wow! It just keeps getting better and better. I hate the fact that I will never be able to quit—I am now a lynda.com addict." —Sharon W.
more from our members »


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Instant Iced Coffee Investigation: Starbucks VIA Ready Brew Iced
We're iced coffee addicts around SEHQ, often begging our poor interns to run over to Nolita Mart to fill our cold-brew growler. But sometimes you want instant satisfaction, so we were curious about Starbucks' new line of instant coffee meant for iced coffee. Would it be gritty? Stale-tasting? Or is it actually a viable caffeination solution? More


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Letters to the Editor: 08.08.11
Raynaldo Yrlas
Made in America
Old Glory she is called, and free as the wind that embraces her, she waves in majestic splendor.
She holds three titles: Old Glory, the Stars and Stripes, and the American flag.
She is a beacon of freedom. She has flown victorious in the wars we have fought. In sadness, she has covered our fallen patriots with dignity and accompanied them to their reverential graves.
However, sadly to say, that in these days in time when these revered dead patriots await to be sent on their last heavenly journey, their carrier is draped with cheap imitations of Old Glory. They are denied the dignity of being embraced by the true American spirit.
The American flag remains as a living memory to those who gave their lives for love of country and freedom. The American flag should not be an imitation made out of flimsy fabric.
The solemn folds of the flag before presented to the grieving family are genuine and filled with sorrow. The flag should be American-made and not made by a foreign country. The least is not best to honor these heroes.
The grieving families of these heroes deserve a lasting memory to fill the void left by the loved one who gave his/her life so they could cherish the fruits of freedom. America should honor these grieving families with the utmost gratitude for their precious gift to America.
C. Rene Autry, Portland
Bring the jobs back
It's sad and disgusting that none of the political party leaders, nor anyone running for the presidency, has a real plan for bringing American jobs back to America. Therefore, we, the people, must demand that incentive legislation be passed which removes tax breaks from companies who have their factories, textile mills, steel mills, call centers and other job makers in foreign countries. We also must demand legislation that levies a hefty tax for every employee a company keeps on foreign soil. Our nation cannot maintain its economy without these types of job-creating laws.
Yes, taxation is a disagreeable issue, but if these big companies want to avoid further taxation, they simply need to bring our jobs back; it's their choice. But the American people will have to demand that these necessary incentives be enacted. The Congress and the President will not act on this otherwise. But we cannot allow the current situation to remain the same and expect a prosperous nation. And, besides, Americans deserve those jobs. Moreover, we must vehemently insist on our country having them.
Clarence Calaway, Robstown
Protect our seniors
Our seniors used the city senior centers to meet old friends, especially the ones who have lost their loved ones, and some just enjoyed a good meal with conversation. These centers are God's gift, and to take this away from our seniors when there are so many other things to choose from was heartless, especially when these seniors have paid their taxes all their lives. The City Council should bow their heads in shame and restore these golden hours to the ones who made the lights go on in our beautiful City by the Sea many years ago.
I believe this city needs new supervision in every office in City Hall, including a new City Council. Presently we have too many people doing one person's job. Let's cut the waste. Our City Council should visit every City Hall office and see what is really going on and replace supervision if necessary. After all, their salary is paid by the taxpayer. I also believe our City Manager needs to help lower our $662 million budget, which is out of control.
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Bi-Lo Holdings, parent company of Bi-Lo and Winn-Dixie, swallowed more Southeastern grocery stores this week. Locally, the move will result in one market in Walterboro closing this spring.
The Federal Trade Commission on Tuesday approved the company's acquisition of Harveys, Sweetbay and Reid's stores, three supermarket chains concentrated in Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. Bi-Lo Holdings, based in Jacksonville, Fla., announced in May that it planned to buy 154 of those stores for $265 million from Delhaize America, the U.S. branch of Delhaize Group, a Belgian grocery company.
The FTC gave the deal a green light on the condition that Bi-Lo Holdings divests 12 of the acquired stores in parts of Georgia, Florida and South Carolina.
Bi-Lo Holdings said Tuesday that it would sell 12 stores to companies such as Rowe's IGA and Food World. It also plans to close eight Delhaize stores, plus three Winn-Dixie locations and one Bi-Lo store.
The only Lowcountry store affected is the Reid's at 858 Bells Highway in Walterboro, which will be shuttered May 31. The other Reid's location in the area at 5982 W. Jim Bilton Blvd. in St. George will be owned by Bi-Lo Holdings, but will remain open with its original name.
Bi-Lo, which owns 685 supermarkets in the Southeast, will add 134 stores to its portfolio when the FTC gives the acquisition final approval in May. The chain snapped up 22 Piggly Wiggly stores from their Charleston-based owner for $35 million last year.
Rita's redux
Rita's Seaside Grille at Folly Beach will unveil its new look Saturday when it reopens after several months of renovations. Hall Hospitality Group, owner of Halls Chophouse in downtown Charleston, bought the 2 Center St. restaurant last year and closed it in January to install a new kitchen and redo the rest rooms. Rita's will be open daily from 7 a.m. to midnight, and brunch will be served on weekends from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
Recycled space
Affordabike, a local bicycle shop at 534 King St. in downtown Charleston, is expanding into the former Altman's Furniture space at 575 King, at the northwest corner of Cannon Street. The building has been undergoing renovations since January. Affordabike owners Daniel Russell-Einhorn and Griff Ducworth plan to open in the larger location in early March. They're keeping the existing shop for storage and other uses, Russell-Einhorn said.
Like clockwork
Terrace Oaks Antiques at 2037 Maybank Highway has launched a clock repair service. Clocksmith Bryan Smith now repairs and replaces parts of antique clocks at the James Island store.
Reach Abigail Darlington at 937-5906 and follow her on Twitter @A_Big_Gail
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Job Details
The candidate will be joining an experienced analog design team to design and develop high performance delta sigma data converters for cellular market. This person will be responsible for design and simulation of analog modulator and multi bit DAC design to achieve over 108dB SNR. The major responsibilities of this role will include, but are not limited to, the following:
Experience, Skills, and Education Required
Experience, Skills, and Education Desired


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It's been a while gang. Here's what's been going on around here.
Here are some of the pics from our gravel road ride with Rawland. We hope to have a lot more people next year, as frankly poor planning and last minute set up prevented us from getting the word out in time. Sean was coming off of Interbike, and I had just gotten married the weekend before, so I think it's allowed this once. Next year will be different, but we did have a blast, and the scenery and weather was perfect. Photo credits for all of these go to the amazing Mr Nassif, who rode farther than he thought possible that day!
This is a dropout design I've been kicking around. I really like the idea of post mount discs on the chain stay, both for purposeful and aesthetic reasons. This would allow most rear ends to take a disc mounted there, while making a nice flow from the seat stays to the axle. Designs have all been drawn up for machining, and I should have a few in the next few weeks. These may be going on a winter project I'm working on to test viability, then we'll see what happens.
These are some of the pictures from the two CX races we sponcered in Duluth this year. The whole weekend was the brainchild of Jake Boyce, to whom all credit goes for pulling this off. It was incredable. Saturday night's race was on a private lit CX ski course, suplimented by no less than 7 generators, party lights, and 3 boom light trailers. It was awesome, truely a new kind of CX race, and was recieved very well. We had the whole set up, camping on site, more free beer than we could drink, (we tried,) and a great bonfire to end the evening. It was a blast. Pardon the sketchy pictures. If anyone can do better standing at night with a point and shoot, they'd better come to the race next year!
These are from Sunday's race, held at a local private school. I've never seen a venue so excited to have a race there, or more willing to help in every way possible. It was really a rare thing, especially in MN this year, with so many long held races canceled due to adverse sentiments. This race was totally different than the night before. The night race was tight and enclosed, with many short hills all over the course. This course was nearly twice as far, with long sustained uphills and down. Wind was also a factor during parts of the course, as was the nearly 3 inches of rain that Duluth received Friday evening. Beautiful views were par for the course, Duluth being what it is. Overall, the weekend was a huge success. Thanks again to Jake for putting on such a great race series. We will be having the same races next year, and invite all to attend.
Overall, it's been the busiest month and a half in my life. In addition to these two races and the gravel ride, I was a best man in a best friend's wedding. I also got married myself! It's kind of crazy looking back at all of these events. Truth be told, all of them went as well as could be hoped for. It's been a blessed fall up here in MN, hopefully all of them go as well as this one. I will be posting up some of the bike projects that have been going on up here in the next few days. These include the Drakkar fixie Rawland final cut, the new S and S couplered Rohloff 29er, and mussing on projects stemming into this winter and beyond. Thanks for reading, take care,


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Catherine, I'm so impressed by your drawings! The watercolor is exquisite.
Marsha, you found a treasure already by finding the photos. That little one is so darling.
Kim T (Kim513)
C&C welcome!
Thanks, I am getting ready for a St Patricks Day Gig that I am performing on and setting up elements for a flyer I will be making to invite friends.... a little scary as I don't sing much anymore "Don't Get Around Much Anymore" so to speak.... I remembered Geri was looking for a pic to sent over seas.
It would be nice if we messed up we could simply press 'Ctrl Alt Delete' and start all over
C & C Always Welcome
Marsha my mother in law is from Northern Ireland. Her last Name was Quinn (No relation to the Eskimo). She met my Father in law in England during the war. When he had to go overseas to a restricted area he had t leave her with his family in Alabama. Bother and them both her and his family spoke english of course but could not understand each other because of the accents.
I forgot to thank you for the photos the little one is great
C and C always welcomed
Catherine I just love your spontaneous little WC they are always great.
Marsha Congratulations to all on the wedding plans. Sounds like a great excuse for a party! Just love the St paddy fella looks like he is well on his way to party bliss. Such a cute little girl you were. A little Irish Colleen! What with Irish and Scots and me whose birth Mother was Welsh and English and an Australian, plus all the Americans that probaly have any number of mixtures we are a pretty international lot!
Jen C & C's always welcome
Cathrine, sorry to hear you are not feeling so hot. Hopefully Spring will arrive soon and warmer weather will prevail. You have been making some lovely drawings and paintings. The shells are beautiful and the little plant too.. Glad you can at least keep you hand in with these small gems.
Cath hope you feel better soon.
Irish, Scot. my grandparents are from Northern Ireland, my father was born in Australia in 1883, he was sixty when I was born...
Geri,,, I have some Quinn in N. Ireland in my family on my maternal side , they were flax farmers and worked with the linen manufacturing in the 1800.
Thank goodness I will not be having anything to do with the June wedding. simple backyard thing in N, California, she said absolutely NO frills.... She is the most level headed gal I have ever met. They aren't even going to have rings. That's a first for me to hear, but I understand her reasoning. She probably won't even have a photographer.... I don't eve know yet if I will be able to attend because of my husbands illness and all of our animals. sad :-(
I know that Kathy's mom lived on a farm but I think it would be what we call a truck patch. Just a couple cows and a hog to raise and a big garden.
My side of the family was mostly from the fatherland. My Moms maiden name was Pope as is supposed to be Celtic but they don't know. They settled Ky. and came to In looking for work.
Hello Jen,
I was with a small group studying Ice Age Cave Paintings... it was both practical and historical study. We were taken into an ordinary cave to absorb the atmosphere before we produced a piece of cave art of our own. We used the earth colours available to us (ochres, soot etc) and used sticks etc as 'brushes'. We also had to find a piece of rock and imagine it was part of a cave roof; I painted a horse on mine...still have it.
The caves we visited were so diverse..one of them was so large we had to be transported around by a small train. Lascaux was much smaller but colourful.
In the 'photograph I was painting a landscape of the area from a sketch made earlier. We were 'allowed' some time off!!!
feel free to make constructive c/c...no digital alterations please
Thank you so much Kim, Geri, Jen and Marsha. I've been checking out all of your new art here and it's fantastic! I have a long weekend coming up so I'm planning on taking advantage of the daylight hours as much as possible. I get tired of trying to paint under lamp light.
Catherine Brown
C&C's are welcome.
(No digital alterations please)
Sarah, your Ice Age Cave Painting study and painting sounds most interesting. You'll have to show us your cave painting.
Sam/Sammy C & C Welcome
Hello Sam,
can only show you the piece of 'cave' rock painting as the paintings/drawings I made on paper are pasted into a book I had to compile for a thesis on Art History (from pre-history to the present day). Very thick tome!!! Impossible to scan. But, I can scan a section of a piece of Egyptian wall painting.
this is the Egyptian lady...similar colours to cave painting but on flat plaster surface.
Sarah, thanks for sharing these cave paintings. The horse on the rock looks just like what one would find in a cave. The Egyptian lady is very interesting. Now that's hair!
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Akrapovic GP Slip-On Exhaust Yamaha R6
The Akrapovic GP-styled Slip-On is a high-performance exhaust that takes design cues from the exhaust found on the factory Yamaha M1 MotoGP bike. Made from titanium, a race-proven material, this exhaust system results in a boost in performance and noticeable weight reduction.
Slip-Ons represent the first step in the exhaust system tuning process, and they offer a great balance between price and performance. Change the nature of your bike by adding more power, improved performance, and the unique Akrapovic sound.
It's not just about peak power, Akrapovic exhaust systems deliver increased performance throughout the entire rpm range. Increased power and torque result in a much smoother ride. All Akrapovič exhaust system measurements are made on our computer-controlled flowbenches
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Frequently Asked Questions
1. How much time do I have to commit to be in the marching band?
The band practices for 2 hours twice a week during the marching season and also has a short rehearsal the day of a performance.
2. I'm in the Conservatory. Can I still be in the band?
Yes! The time commitment is very small. Music Education Majors, in particular, will have many opportunities to assist with the development of the show design.
3. How much does it cost to be a part of the Marching Yellow Jackets?
The cost is very minimal. You will need to provide your own white "band shoe" at an approximate cost of $22.00 and white sox. All other parts of the uniform are provided.
4. Will there be a "band camp" before the start of classes in August?
Yes! The band will meet in August before the start of school. Expenses for room and board will be paid by the band. This will be a great opportunity to come to campus early, get settled and meet other students who share some of the same interests as you. In addition to our regular marching rehearsals other social activities are planned for you to get acquainted with the BW family.
5. How do I join or find out more information?
Randy Border
Director of Athletic Bands
Baldwin Wallace University
Please check out the BW Marching Yellow Jackets


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This survey and recognition program is dedicated to finding and recognizing Atlantic Canada's best employers! If you think your organization has what it takes to be honored on the ninth annual "Best Places to Work in Atlantic Canada" list…or if you simply want to learn more about this project…we invite you to explore this website.
The "Best Places to Work in Atlantic Canada" project is a regional program managed by Best Companies Group in partnership with Progress magazine.
2014 Best Places to Work in Atlantic Canada
Purchase "Best" Merchandise
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If you haven't yet seen this commercial, make sure to see inside because it's a good one. One of the more inspiring 3-series commercial in a while, the spot evokes the storied history of the 3-series, with images from 34 years of 3-series history, and messages that the 3-series "exemplifies the essence of BMW."
BMW web site has been updated, but for now…not every feature is available is yet, but try it out and keep checking for updates. http://www.bmwusa.com/default.aspx
For 2011 BMW has made some substantial changes to the E92 and E92 BMW 3-Series Coupe and Convertible.
The first and foremost and probably biggest change is the introduction of the much debated N55 engine to the 335i3.0l
Single Turbo "TwinPower" Dual Scroll
300HP and 300LB-FT Tq.
Improved torque band and overall engine responsiveness
Introduction of VALVETRONIC
All aluminum construction
StylingRedesigned headlights (new shape and "graphics").
Brighter LED "corona" rings (angel eyes)
Bi-Xenon now standard
Adaptive Headlight and the Adaptive Headlight … CONTINUED


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Womack: Vegetable garden preparation takes time
CORPUS CHRISTI - If you are considering planting a vegetable garden, then you need to finalize your plan and look at garden preparation. I have taken a couple of seasons off from vegetable gardening due to the drought, but I am planning to till up the soil again this fall. Fall gardens often produce more with less water due to cooler temperatures as plants mature. Hopefully the periodic rains will continue to also give my garden a boost.
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text:
bullets ain't got no name vol. 3
Posts Tagged 'bullets ain't got no name vol. 3'
I have been waiting on this mixtape to drop for some time now and it is sure to live up to the hype. I say every time that Nipsey is bringing back the West Coast gangsta scene and it is the truth. I have no download for you but have a streaming audio thanks to imeem and OS. If you are feeling it then I suggest you go buy the album here. There isn't much more to say about this except that I know you all won't be disappointed.
Time to re-up on some Nipsey, it feels like it has been a minute since he has been on the site. The soft R&B chorus is well sung but something just wasn't matching up for me, I think it might be her tempo in contrast to Nipsey's, I don't know but it did bother me a little bit. I was really into the groove of the bass during the verses, I could hear the funk vibe it was giving off and I liked it. Being an East Coast kid myself, I admit I am not as up on the West Coast as I should be, but Nipsey, Shawn Chrystopher and Murs always get my attention when new stuff come out so check them out if you want to expand your little pocket of hip-hop beyond the East Coast. This is a leak off of his mixtape coming out June 2nd called Bullets Ain't Got Name Vol: 3.


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Sip 'n Savor Now Open at Forest Park MetroLink
Categories: Java Enabled, Restaurant News & Reviews
|Ian Froeb
This address was previously home to Velocity Café & Cyclery. Again, because Sip 'n Savor was closed when I stopped by, it was difficult to see how much of the old (large) Velocity space this new venture has occupied. It appears to be most of the space, yet some of that area lacks any furniture.
Location Info
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Hang tight!
Recipe by PRICKLY PEAR
"A quick and easy recipe for a fluffy cake. Great with strawberries!"
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1 cup
1 tablespoon
1 2/3 cups
white sugar
1/4 teaspoon
2 teaspoons
vanilla extract
1/2 teaspoon
almond extract
2 cups
all-purpose flour
4 teaspoons
baking powder
Beautiful, light, moist sponge cake with just a hint of almond flavor. I thought it might be shy on butter by a tablespoon or so, but it was just fine as is. Easy to make, nearly foolproof. I can't imagine how you could goof up on a cake like this. The ingredients are conveniently and readily at hand and it mixes up in just a minute or two. Perfect for strawberry shortcake - individual cakelet pans would be so cool (I was too lazy), but this wasn't compromised at all just baked in an 8x8" pan (for a half recipe, baked about 20-25 minutes).
too eggy!!!! and chunky.. it's not fluffy at all but for a chunky eggy flavoured caked.. hmm itz ok
12 Ratings
When making this for 6-8 servings, use a 9 inch cake pan. 9X13 is too large and cooks in 15 minutes. Very nice base cake for fruit.
Quite simple to make using mostly staples from your kitchen cupboard. Very light and fluffy and tastes great with Caramel Frosting I.
This cake was so good, and really easy to make. I used a spring form pan, and then when the cake was done, cut in half and put home made whipped cream with strawberries and blueberries in it. It was perfect, and a really great spring time dessert. I made it according to direction, but instead of using a mixer I used my food processor and it was simply amazing.
I Used this recipe at skool. This is a very tasty and delicious cake and many people would enjoy it. i recommend this cake to anyone who enjoys cooking and big cakes LOL .
Luv LittleMissPiggy xx
I just made this. I cut the recipe in half and baked in 6 mini bundt pans for 20 minutes just to see if they would remove easily from the pan. i have a cakelet pan ordered that I want to use for strawberry shortcake. I have already ate 2. This would make great strawberry shortcake and tastes like a cross between the little store bought short cakes and Twinkies. I didn't have any milk, so I used half and half instead, eliminated the butter and used more half and half to replace the butter. They bounced on the cooling rack when they fell out of the pans. One bounced off of the rack onto the floor to a grateful dog. My family and dog thank you for this easy to make 5 star recipe.
Really good. I over cooked mine by a few minutes. Make sure to beat the eggs for about 7-8 minutes to get maximum fluffiness. :)
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Hot Milk Sponge Cake III
Serving Size: 1/12 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 12
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 229
Calories from Fat: 29
Hard to believe, but many kids will be back in school at the end of the month. Get ready.
You won't believe all the things you can do with cauliflower. It's a great low-carb option.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
See how to make a simple, fluffy, and moist yellow cake.
The perfect end to a picnic birthday meal!
See how to make a simple homemade yellow cake.


text: Prev | Next Purchase this photo Billy Summers/The Putnam Herald Water gun battle was one of the games available at the Deshler Amusements Carnival on Friday, July 19, 2013, at the Putnam County Fair. Gallery: Putnam in Pictures, Friday, July 26 Jul. 26, 2013 @ 11:44 AM The Herald-Dispatch / 2015 Did you miss something in Putnam County this week? Chances are, one of our photographers was there. ()


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I'm still interested, for the record.
I'm still interested, for the record.
Championships for MY teams in my lifetime:
Cincinnati Reds - 75, 76, 90
Chicago Blackhawks - 10, 13, 15
University of Kentucky - 78, 96, 98, 12
Chicago Bulls - 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98
In a couple day's I'll get everything organized. It's finals week so I haven't had the chance. Do we want to make it a money league (I want to)? How much? A keeper league? A 5x5? Roto? A dynasty league? Draft minor league players? Use Yahoo or CBS? These are things I'll need answers to. I'd like it to be an active league that stays around for a long time.
I'm up for anything, and I am very active. I'll be saving one Yahoo! league slot incase you decide to make one on there.
Follow me on twitter @EricLilly7
Let me know.
By my last count I had ten, and that was iffy. 12 Might be hard to get, but I've done both so it doesn't matter to me.
"The Hall of Fame is there to keep alive the memory of people. You don't need to do that with people like Buck [O'Niel] and Joe [Nuxhall]. Nobody's forgetting those guys."
- Joe Posnanski
Matta = Really good
Ditto here im in 2 leagues and usually join 3 so id be interested in joining one more
PM me if your interested with a quick reason why you should be in. It should be a challenge. The settings are inside the league, so you will need to join to see them. You should read the Commish Note once you join. You are not committed to stay in the league until the actual draft.
Where we at here?
Championships for MY teams in my lifetime:
Cincinnati Reds - 75, 76, 90
Chicago Blackhawks - 10, 13, 15
University of Kentucky - 78, 96, 98, 12
Chicago Bulls - 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


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The present invention relates to an improved EPD which comprises both the traditional up/down switching and the in-plane switching modes. In other words, the improved EPD has dual switching modes. The monochrome EPDs of the present invention are capable of displaying highlight color of choice which is different from the text. For example, white background, blue text, and red highlight can be shown in any selected areas of the display. Furthermore, the full color EPDs of the present invention are capable of displaying high contrast images of high color saturation. Both high quality black and white states are possible in the full color displays of the present invention. The EPDs of the present invention do not need complex circuitry design, and are compatible with low cost and high yield roll-to-roll manufacturing processes.
1. An electrophoretic display comprising electrophoretic cells wherein each of said electrophoretic cells comprises:
a) a top layer comprising a top electrode;
b) a bottom layer comprising a bottom electrode and at least one in-plane electrode;
c) an electrophoretic composition filled therein, the electrophoretic composition comprises charged pigment particles dispersed in a solvent or solvent mixture; and
d) a background layer,
and said electrophoretic cell is capable of displaying three color states, the color of the charged pigment particles, the color of the solvent or solvent mixture, or the color of the background layer.
2. The electrophoretic display of
3. The electrophoretic display of
4. The electrophoretic display of
5. The electrophoretic display of
6. The electrophoretic display of
7. The electrophoretic display of
8. The electrophoretic display of
9. The electrophoretic display of
10. The electrophoretic display of
11. The electrophoretic display of
12. The electrophoretic display of
13. The electrophoretic display of
14. The electrophoretic display of
15. The electrophoretic display of
16. The electrophoretic display of
17. The electrophoretic display of
18. The electrophoretic display of
19. The electrophoretic display of
20. The electrophoretic display of
21. The electrophoretic display of
The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/787,655, filed Apr. 16, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,492,505; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/345,820, filed Feb. 1, 2006; which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/367,098, filed Feb. 14, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,038,670; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/222,036, filed Aug. 16, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,046,228; which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/313,146, filed Aug. 17, 2001; the contents of all the above-identified applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The electrophoretic display (EPD) is a non-emissive device based on the electrophoresis phenomenon influencing charged pigment particles suspended in a solvent. This general type of display was first proposed in 1969. An EPD typically comprises a pair of opposed, spaced-apart and plate-like electrodes, with spacers predetermining a certain distance between the electrodes. At least one of the electrodes, typically on the viewing side, is transparent. For the passive type of EPDs, row and column electrodes on the top (the viewing side) and bottom plates respectively are needed to drive the displays. In contrast, an array of thin film transistors (TFT) on the bottom plate and a non-patterned transparent conductor plate on the top viewing substrate are required for the active matrix type EPDs. An electrophoretic fluid composed of a colored dielectric solvent and charged pigment particles dispersed therein is enclosed between the two electrodes.
When a voltage difference is imposed between the two electrodes, the pigment particles migrate by attraction to the plate of polarity opposite that of the pigment-particles. Thus the color showing at the transparent plate may be determined by selectively charging the plates to be either the color of the solvent or the color of the pigment particles. Reversal of plate polarity will cause the particles to migrate back to the opposite plate, thereby reversing the color. Intermediate color density (or shades of gray) due to an intermediate level of pigment particles attracted to the transparent plate may be obtained by controlling the plate charge through a range of voltages. No backlight is needed in this type of reflective EPD display, although it may be optionally added to improve the display viewability in the dark.
EPDs of different pixel or cell structures have been reported previously, for example, the partition-type EPD (see M. A. Hopper and V. Novotny, IEEE Trans. Electr. Dev., 26(8):1148-1152 (1979)) and the microencapsulated EPD (as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,804 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,930,026). Each of these has its own problems as noted below.
In a partition-type EPD, there are partitions between the two electrodes for dividing the space into smaller cells in order to prevent undesired movement of the particles such as sedimentation. However, difficulties are encountered in the formation of the partitions, the process of filling the display with the fluid, enclosing the fluid in the display, and keeping the suspensions of different colors separated from each other. Even more difficult problems are encountered in the development of a roll-to roll manufacturing process for such a partition type of displays.
The microencapsulated EPD has a substantially two dimensional arrangement of microcapsules each having therein an electrophoretic composition of a dielectric fluid and a dispersion of charged pigment particles that visually contrast with the dielectric solvent. The microcapsules are typically prepared in an aqueous solution, and to achieve a useful contrast ratio, their mean particle size is relatively large (50-150 microns). The large microcapsule size results in a poor scratch resistance and a slow response time for a given voltage because a large gap between the two opposite electrodes is required for large capsules. Also, the hydrophilic shell of microcapsules prepared in an aqueous solution typically results in sensitivity to high moisture and temperature conditions. If the microcapsules are embedded in a large quantity of a polymer matrix to obviate these shortcomings, the use of the matrix results in an even slower response time and/or a lower contrast ratio. To improve the switching rate, a charge-controlling agent is often needed in this type of EPDs. However, the microencapsulation process in an aqueous solution imposes a limitation on the type of charge controlling agents that can be used. Other drawbacks associated with the microcapsule system include poor resolution and poor addressability for color applications.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,612,758 discloses another type of EPDs wherein the electrophoretic cells are formed from parallel line reservoirs containing charged pigment particles dispersed in a dielectric solvent. The channel-like electrophoretic cells are covered with, and in electric contact with, transparent conductors. A layer of transparent glass from which side the panel is viewed overlies the transparent conductors.
The use of microchannels, microgrooves or microcolumns to form the EPD array still has the problem of undesirable particle sedimentation or creaming along the column direction. In addition, the lack of a seamless, air-pocket free and continuous sealing process to enclose the electrophoretic fluid in between the two electrodes makes the roll-to-roll manufacturing extremely difficult.
An improved EPD technology and a roll-to-roll manufacturing process were disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,930,818 (corresponding to WO01/67170), U.S. Pat. No. 6,672,921 (corresponding to WO02/01281) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,933,098; all of which are incorporated herein by reference. The improved EPD comprises closed cells formed from microcups of well-defined shape, size and aspect ratio and filled with charged pigment particles dispersed in a dielectric solvent. This improved technology involving microcups allows high image quality in monochrome EPDs. A color display may also be manufactured by using a spatially adjacent array of small pixels formed of microcups filled with dyes of different colors (e.g., red, green or blue). However, there is a major deficiency in this type of system with only the traditional up/down switching mode, that is, the white light reflected from the "turned-off" colored pixels greatly reduces the color saturation of the "turned-on" color. More details in this regard are given in the following "Detailed Description" section.
While this latter deficiency may be remedied by an overlaid shutter device such as a polymer dispersed liquid crystal to switch the "off" pixels to the black state and keep the "on" pixels in the desired color state, the disadvantage of this approach is the high cost of the overlaid device, the high Dmin (which is the minimum optical density of the background) associated with the shutter device, and the complicated driving circuit design.
Alternatively, color displays of the normal up/down switching mode may be prepared by using color filters overlaid on the viewing side of the display. However, high Dmin and lack of a high quality "white" state are the major problems for reflective color displays using color filters.
The "in-plane" switching concept was disclosed in E. Kishi, et al., "5.1: development of In-Plane EPD", Canon Research Center, SID 00 Digest, pages 24-27 and Sally A. Swanson, et al., "5.2: High Performance EPDs", IBM Almaden Research Center, SID 00 Digest, pages 29-31. In these systems, the color effect is achieved by using a colored background with white or black particles. The disadvantage of these systems is the lack of either high quality "white" or high quality "black" state. More details are also given in the "Detailed Description" section below.
Thus, there is still a need for an improved EPD with high quality full color capability that can also be manufactured in an efficient manner, particularly by a roll-to-roll manufacturing process.
The present invention relates to an improved EPD which comprises both the traditional up/down switching and the in-plane switching modes. In other words, the improved EPD has dual switching modes.
The monochrome EPDs of the present invention are capable of displaying highlight color of choice which is different from the color of the text. For example, white background, blue text, and red highlight can be shown in any selected areas of the display. Furthermore, the full color EPDs of the present invention are capable of displaying high contrast images of high color saturation. Both high quality black and white states are possible in the full color displays of the present invention. The EPDs of the present invention do not need complex circuitry design, and are also compatible with low cost and high yield roll-to-roll manufacturing processes.
It is noted that all figures are shown as schematic and are not to scale.
Unless defined otherwise in this specification, all technical terms are used herein according to their conventional definitions as they are commonly used and understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. The terms "well-defined", "aspect ratio" and "imagewise exposure" are as defined in the patents identified above.
It is understood that the scope of the present invention encompasses the conventional EPDs and EPDs manufactured from microcups, microchannels, microcapsules and the like.
The term "conventional EPD" refers to any electrophoretic cells known in the art. The electrophoretic cells may be of any shapes and sizes, and the displays include, for example, the partition type displays.
The term "microchannel" refers to, as an example, the type of electrophoretic cells disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,612,758.
The term "microcup" refers to the cup-like indentations, which may be created by methods such as microembossing or imagewise exposure followed by a development step to remove the unexposed or exposed areas. Likewise, the plural form "microcups" in a collective context may in general refers to the microcup assembly comprising a plurality of such microcups integrally formed or joined to make a structured two-dimensional microcup array. The dimensions of the microcup are disclosed in the patents identified above.
I. The Disadvantages of Conventional EPDs
(1) EPD with Only Up/Down Switching
The EPD of
(2) EPD with Only the In-Plane Switching Mode
In summary, the in-plane only switching mode results in either a reflective color display having no high quality black state or a display having no high quality white state. Contrast ratio and color saturation are poor in this type of in-plane switching, reflective color displays. In all in-plane switching EPDs, the substrate on the opposite side of the in-plane electrodes is typically a transparent insulator, which usually is the viewing side of the display.
II. Electrophoretic Display of the Present Invention
The cell (30) is sandwiched between a top (31) and a bottom layer (32). The top layer contains a transparent top electrode (not shown). The bottom layer (32) consists of a layer (32 a) comprising an in-plane switching electrode (34) on the left-hand side, a bottom electrode (35) and another in-plane electrode (36) on the right-hand side and optionally a colored background layer (32 b). There is a gap (37) to separate the two in-plane electrodes (34, 36) from the bottom electrode (35).
The background layer (32 b) may be on top of the electrode layer (32 a) (not shown), or underneath the electrode layer (32 a). Alternatively, the layer 32 a may serve as the background layer and in this case, the layer 32 a may be black or of other colors.
Another alternative is that the bottom layer may have only one in-plane switching electrode, and one bottom electrode with a gap in between.
For ease of illustration, the layer (31) comprising the top electrode may be referred to as the first layer whereas the layer (32 a) comprising the bottom and in-plane electrodes may be referred to as the second layer. In practice, either the first layer or the second layer may be the viewing side. If the second layer is the viewing side, the bottom electrode, instead of the top electrode, has to be transparent and, in addition, there will be a colored background layer placed in the vicinity of the top electrode. The color background layer, in this case, may be on top of or below the top electrode or the top electrode itself may serve as the background layer.
Typically, the cells in
The charged particles in the individual cells of a display may be of the same color or of different colors. The individual cells may also be filled with an electrophoretic fluid containing charged particles of mixed colors. Particles of mixed colors, when substantially evenly distributed, may be seen as one color, i.e., a composite color of the different colors.
As shown in
Furthermore, the background color may be of any color (e.g., cyan, yellow or magenta) instead of the commonly used black color. For example, the cells of
Other shades or color tones may be achieved by using different particle/medium/background color combinations, for example, white/red/cyan, white/red/magenta, white/blue/yellow, white/blue/cyan, white/blue/magenta, white/green/yellow, white/green/cyan, white/blue/magenta, etc. With the particles being white, the three colors seen, in this case, would be white (i.e., the color of the particles), the color of the solvent and a midtone or composite color of the solvent and the background, as illustrated in the paragraph above. If the particles are non-white, the three colors seen, in this case, would be the color of the particles, a midtone or composite color of the particles and the solvent and a midtone or composite color of the solvent and the background. The terms "midtone" and "composite" are used to describe a color which is in between two tones or a cumulative shade of two colors, respectively.
The preferred combination to achieve a full color display is white particles, black background, and fluids separately colored with an additive primary color (i.e., red, green or blue).
A further aspect of the invention is a monochrome display with highlight options. In such a case, all cells in the display have the same background color and are filled with the same electrophoretic fluid (i.e., having the same particle/solvent color combination). For example, the display may have white particles, the solvent is one of the primary colors (red, green or blue) and the background color is a color contrasting the solvent color. This arrangement is useful for a relatively simple two color device with a colored highlight option. For example, an EPD having white particles, a yellow dielectric solvent, and a black background can display at least three different colors in each cell or pixel as shown in
In summary, the EPDs of the present invention with the dual switching mode can provide the previously unattainable high quality full color EPDs and a monochrome EPD with highlight color capability in any pixels of a monochrome display.
III. Preparation of Electrophoretic Cells of the Present Invention
The microcups generally may be manufactured by microembossing or photolithography as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,930,818 and 6,933,098.
While only the cup-like cells are illustrated in the figures, it is understood that conventional electrophoretic cells and electrophoretic cells prepared from microchannels, microcolumns and the like are also within the scope of the present invention.
III(a) Preparation of the Microcup Array by Microembossing Preparation of the Male Mold
The male mold may be prepared by any appropriate method, such as a diamond turn process or a photoresist process followed by either etching or electroplating after the resist is developed. A master template for the male mold may be manufactured by any appropriate method, such as electroplating. With electroplating, a glass base is sputtered with a thin layer (typically 3000 Å) of a seed metal such as chrome inconel. It is then coated with a layer of photoresist and exposed to UV. A mask is placed between the UV and the layer of photoresist. The exposed areas of the photoresist become hardened. The unexposed areas are then removed by washing them with an appropriate solvent. The remaining hardened photoresist is dried and sputtered again with a thin layer of seed metal. The master is then ready for electroforming. A typical material used for electroforming is nickel cobalt. Alternatively, the master can be made of nickel by electroforming or electroless nickel deposition as described in "Continuous manufacturing of thin cover sheet optical media", SPIE Proc. 1663:324 (1992). The floor of the mold is typically between about 50 to 400 microns thick. The master can also be made using other microengineering techniques including e-beam writing, dry etching, chemical etching, laser writing or laser interference as described in "Replication techniques for micro-optics", SPIE Proc. 3099:76-82 (1997). Alternatively, the mold can be made by diamond turning or photomachining using plastics, ceramics or metals.
The male mold thus prepared typically has protrusions between about 3 to 500 microns, preferably between about 5 to 100 microns, and most preferably about 10 to 50 microns, and can be of any shape like round, square, or of other geometry. The male mold may be in the form of a belt, a roller, or a sheet. For continuous manufacturing, the belt or the roller type of mold is preferred. Prior to applying a UV curable resin composition, the mold may be treated with a mold release to aid in the demolding process. To further improve the demolding process, the conductor film may be precoated with a primer or an adhesion promoting layer to improve the adhesion between the conductor and the microcups.
In the first step of the microembossing process, a UV curable resin is typically coated on a transparent patterned conductor film, by any appropriate means, such as roller coating, die coating, slot coating, slit coating, doctor blade coating and the like. The conductor film is usually prepared by sputtering coating on a plastic substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthate, polyaramid, polyimide, polycycloolefin, polysulfone and polycarbonate. The radiation curable material used is a thermoplastic or thermoset precursor, such as multifunctional acrylate or methacrylate, vinylether, epoxide, oligomers or polymers thereof or the like. Multifunctional acrylates and their oligomers are the most preferred. A combination of a multifunctional epoxide and a multifunctional acrylate is also very useful to achieve desirable physico-mechanical properties. The UV curable resin may be degassed prior to dispensing and may optionally contain a solvent. The solvent, if present, readily evaporates.
The radiation curable material coated on the conductor film/substrate is embossed by the male mold under pressure. If the male mold is metallic and opaque, the conductor film/substrate is typically transparent to the actinic radiation used to cure the resin. Conversely, the male mold can be transparent and the conductor film/substrate can be opaque to the actinic radiation.
After exposure to radiation, the radiation curable material becomes hardened. The male mold is then released from the microcups formed.
III(b) Preparation of Microcup Array by Photolithography
The photolithographic process for preparation of the microcup array is shown in
As shown in
In the photomask (56) in
As shown in
Alternatively, the exposure can be done by placing the photomask underneath the conductor film/substrate. In this case, the conductor film/substrate must be transparent to the radiation wavelength used for exposure.
Microcups may be formed either in a batchwise process or in a continuous roll-to-roll process as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,933,098.
The openings of the microcups prepared according to any of the methods described above may be round, square, rectangular, hexagonal or any other shape. The partition area between the openings is preferably kept small in order to achieve a high color saturation and contrast while maintaining desirable mechanical properties. Consequently, the honeycomb-shaped opening is preferred over, for example, the circular opening.
For reflective electrophoretic displays, the dimension of each individual microcup may be in the range of about 102 to about 1ū106 μm2, preferably from about 103 to about 1ū105 μm2. The depth of the microcups is in the range of about 5 to about 200 microns, preferably from about 10 to about 100 microns. The opening to the total area ratio, total area being defined as that of one microcup including walls measured from wall centers, is in the range of from about 0.05 to about 0.95, preferably from about 0.4 to about 0.9.
The colored background layer of the cells may be added by painting, printing, coating or laminating a colored layer to the bottom layer.
III(c) Preparation of the Suspensions
The cells are filled with charged pigment particles dispersed in a dielectric solvent and that migrate under the influence of an electric field. The suspensions may optionally contain additional colorants that do not migrate in the electric field. The dispersion may be prepared according to methods well known in the art, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,017,584, 5,914,806, 5,573,711, 5,403,518, 5,380,362, 4,680,103, 4,285,801, 4,093,534, 4,071,430, and 3,668,106. See also IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-24, 827 (1977), and J. Appl. Phys. 49(9):4820 (1978).
The dielectric solvent preferably has a low viscosity and a dielectric constant in the range of about 2 to about 30, preferably about 2 to about 15 for high particle mobility. Examples of suitable dielectric solvents include hydrocarbons such as decahydronaphthalene (DECALIN), 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, fatty oils, paraffin oil, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, phenylxylylethane, dodecylbenzene and alkylnaphthalene, halogenated solvents such as, dichlorobenzotrifluoride, 3,4,5-trichlorobenzotrifluoride, chloropentafluoro-benzene, dichlorononane, pentachlorobenzene, and perfluorinated solvents such as perfluorodecalin, perfluorotoluene, perfluoroxylene, FC-43, FC-70 and FC-5060 from 3M Company, St. Paul Minn., low molecular weight halogen containing polymers such as poly(perfluoropropylene oxide) from TCI America, Portland, Oreg., poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) such as Halocarbon Oils from Halocarbon Product Corp., River Edge, N.J., perfluoropolyalkylethers such as Galden, HT-200, and Fluorolink from Ausimont or Krytox Oils and Greases K-Fluid Series from DuPont, Del. In one preferred embodiment, poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) is used as the dielectric solvent. In another preferred embodiment, poly(perfluoropropylene oxide) is used as the dielectric solvent.
The contrasting colorant may be dyes or pigments. Nonionic azo and anthraquinone dyes are particularly useful. Examples of useful dyes include, but are not limited to: Oil Red EGN, Sudan Red, Sudan Blue, Oil Blue, Macrolex Blue, Solvent Blue 35, Pylam Spirit Black and Fast Spirit Black from Pylam Products Co., Arizona, Sudan Black B from Aldrich, Thermoplastic Black X-70 from BASF, anthraquinone blue, anthraquinone yellow 114, anthraquinone reds 111 and 135, anthraquinone green 28 from Aldrich. Fluorinated dyes are particularly useful when perfluorinated solvents are used. In case of a contrasting pigment, the colorant of the medium may also be dispersed in the dielectric medium and are preferably uncharged. If the contrasting color pigment particles are charged, they preferably carry a charge which is opposite from that of the charged primary color pigment particles. If both the contrasting color and the primary color pigment particles carry the same charge, they should have different charge density or different electrophoretic mobility. The dyes or pigments used in EPDs must be chemically stable and compatible with other components in the suspension.
The charged primary color particles are preferably white, and may be organic or inorganic pigments, such as TiO2.
If colored pigment particles are used, they may be selected from phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, diarylide yellow, diarylide AAOT yellow, and quinacridone, azo, rhodamine, perylene pigment series from Sun Chemical, Hansa yellow G particles from Kanto Chemical, and Carbon Lampblack from Fisher. Particle size is preferably in the range of 0.01-5 microns, and is even more preferably in the range of 0.05-2 microns. The particles should have acceptable optical characteristics, should not be swollen or softened by the dielectric solvent, and should be chemically stable. The resulting suspension must also be stable against sedimentation, creaming or flocculation under normal operating conditions.
The migrating pigment particles may exhibit a native charge, or may be charged explicitly using a charge control agent, or may acquire a charge when suspended in the dielectric solvent. Suitable charge control agents are well known in the art; they may be polymeric or non-polymeric in nature, and may also be ionic or non-ionic, including ionic surfactants such as Aerosol OT, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, metal soaps, polybutene succinimide, maleic anhydride copolymers, vinylpyridine copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone copolymer (such as Ganex from International Specialty Products), (meth)acrylic acid copolymers, and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate copolymers. Fluorosurfactants are particularly useful as charge controlling agents in perfluorocarbon solvents. These include FC fluorosurfactants such as FC-170C, FC-171, FC-176, FC430, FC431 and FC-740 from 3M Company and Zonyl fluorosurfactants such as Zonyl FSA, FSE, FSN, FSN-100, FSO, FSO-100, FSD and UR from DuPont.
Suitable charged pigment dispersions may be manufactured by any of the well-known methods including grinding, milling, attriting, microfluidizing and ultrasonic techniques. For example, pigment particles in the form of a fine powder are added to the suspending solvent and the resulting mixture is ball milled or attrited for several hours to break up the highly agglomerated dry pigment powder into primary particles. Although less preferred, a dye or pigment for generating color of the dielectric solvent may be added to the suspension during the ball milling process.
Sedimentation or creaming of the pigment particles may be eliminated by microencapsulating the particles with suitable polymers to match the specific gravity to that of the dielectric solvent. Microencapsulation of the pigment particles may be accomplished chemically or physically. Typical microencapsulation processes include interfacial polymerization, in-situ polymerization, phase separation, coacervation, electrostatic coating, spray drying, fluidized bed coating and solvent evaporation.
III(d) Filling and Sealing of the Microcups
The filling and sealing procedures are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,930,818 and 6,933,098 referred to in the previous sections, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
After the microcups are filled with an electrophoretic fluid, they are sealed. The critical step of sealing of the microcups may be accomplished in a number of ways. A preferred approach is to disperse a UV curable composition into an electrophoretic fluid comprising charged pigment particles dispersed in a colored dielectric solvent. The suitable UV curable materials include acrylates, methacrylates, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, butadiene, isoprene, allylacrylate, polyvalent acrylate or methacrylate, cyanoacrylates, polyvalent vinyl including vinylbenzene, vinylsilane, vinylether, polyvalent epoxide, polyvalent isocyanate, polyvalent allyl and oligomers or polymers containing crosslinkable functional groups. The UV curable composition is immiscible with the dielectric solvent and has a specific gravity lower than that of the electrophoretic fluid, i.e., the combination of the dielectric solvent and the pigment particles. The two components, UV curable composition and the electrophoretic fluid, are thoroughly blended in an in-line mixer and immediately coated onto the microcups with a precision coating mechanism such as Myrad bar, gravure, doctor blade, slot coating or slit coating. Excess fluid is removed by a wiper blade or a similar device. A small amount of a weak solvent or solvent mixture such as heptane, isopropanol and methanol may be used to clean the residual electrophoretic fluid on the top surface of the partition walls of the microcups. Volatile organic solvents may be used to control the viscosity and coverage of the electrophoretic fluid. The thus-filled microcups are then dried and the UV curable composition floats to the top of the electrophoretic fluid. The microcups may be sealed by curing the supernatant UV curable layer during or after it floats to the top (i.e., on top of the electrophoretic fluid). The UV light or other forms of radiation such as visible light, IR or electron beam may be used to cure the sealing layer and seal the microcups. Alternatively, heat or moisture may also be employed to cure the sealing layer and seal the microcups, if a heat or moisture curable composition is used.
A preferred group of dielectric solvents exhibiting desirable density and solubility discrimination against acrylate monomers and oligomers are halogenated hydrocarbons, perfluorinated solvents such as perfluoroethers from Ausimont, Italy or Du Pont, Del., and their derivatives. Surfactants may be used to improve the adhesion and wetting at the interface between the electrophoretic fluid and the sealing materials. Surfactants include the FC surfactants from 3M Company, Zonyl fluorosurfactants from DuPont, fluoroacrylates, fluoromethacrylates, fluoro-substituted long chain alcohols, perfluoro-substituted long chain carboxylic acids and their derivatives.
Alternatively, the electrophoretic fluid and the sealing precursor may be filled sequentially into the microcups to prevent intermixing, particularly when the sealing precursor is at least partially compatible with the dielectric solvent. Thus, the sealing of the microcups may be accomplished by overcoating a thin layer of sealing material which is hardenable by radiation, heat, solvent evaporation, moisture or interfacial reactions while on top of the surface of the electrophoretic fluid filled in the microcups. Volatile organic solvents may be used to adjust the viscosity and the thickness of the coatings. When a volatile solvent is used in the overcoat, it is preferred that it is immiscible with the dielectric solvent to reduce the degree of intermixing between the sealing layer and the electrophoretic fluid. To further reduce the degree of intermixing, it is highly desirable that the specific gravity of the overcoating is significantly lower than that of the electrophoretic fluid. In U.S. Pat. No. 7,005,468, thermoplastic elastomers have been disclosed as the preferred sealing material.
Examples of useful thermoplastic elastomers include di-block, tri-block or multi-block copolymers represented by the formulas ABA or (AB)n in which A is styrene, α-methylstyrene, ethylene, propylene or norbonene; B is butadiene, isoprene, ethylene, proplyene, butylene, dimethoylsiloxane or propylene sulfide; and A and B cannot be the same in the formula. The number, n, is ≧1, preferably 1-10. Representative copolymers include poly(styrene-b-butadiene), poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene), poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene), poly(styrene-b-ethylene/butylene-b-styrene), poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane-b-styrene), poly((α-methylstyrene-b-isoprene), poly(α-methylstyrene-b-isoprene-b-α-methylstyrene), poly(α-methylstyrene-b-propylene sulfide-b-α-methylstyrene), and poly(α-methylstyrene-b-dimethylsiloxane-b-α-methylstyrene). Additives, such as silica particles and surfactants, may be used to improve the film integrity and coating quality.
Alternatively, interfacial polymerization followed by UV curing has been found very beneficial to the sealing process. Intermixing between the electrophoretic layer and the overcoat is significantly suppressed by the formation of a thin barrier layer at the interface by interfacial polymerization. The sealing is then completed by a post curing step, preferably by UV radiation. The two-step overcoating process is particularly useful when the dye used is at least partially soluble in the thermoset precursor.
III(e) Lamination of the Microcups
The sealed microcups are then laminated with the other electrode film preferably with an adhesive layer. Suitable adhesive materials include acrylic and rubber types of pressure sensitive adhesives, UV curable adhesives containing for example, multifunctional acrylates, epoxides, vinylethers or thiol-ene, and moisture or heat curable adhesives such as epoxy, polyurethane and cyanoacrylate.
In one embodiment of the invention, a substrate containing thin film transistors may be used as one of the bottom layer electrodes to also provide the active driving mechanism and the top electrode, in this scenario, is transparent.
IV. The Operations of the Dual Mode Switching
IV(a) Passive Matrix
(1) Electrode Circuit Design
The cross section of the top row electrode, the bottom column electrode, and the in-plane electrodes define the display cell.
(2) Driving Timing Sequences
To illustrate the dual mode switching of this invention, electrophoretic cells comprising a common black background and positively charged white particles dispersed in a clear colored solvent are used.
A true white state may be generated by charging the top row electrodes (63) of selected cells or pixels with polarity opposite from that of the particles to draw the particles upward while charging the bottom column electrodes (65) and the in-plane electrodes (64) with the same polarity as the particles. The white color is seen through the top transparent conductor layer by the viewer.
A true black state can be achieved by, for example, a two-step driving process. In the first step, the voltage of the row electrode (63) is set high and the voltages of the column electrode (65) and the two in-plane electrodes (64) are set low. As a result, white particles are first attracted to the bottom of the cells. In the second step, the voltage of the in-plane electrodes is set low, the voltage of the column electrode is set high, and the row electrode is also set high. Under these settings, the white particles, driven by the electric field, migrate to and cover the sides of the cells, resulting in the black background color being seen through the top transparent conductor film.
Alternatively, a true black state can also be achieved by using a one-step driving process. More specifically, the black color may be seen by setting the row (63) and column (65) electrodes of the selected cells with high voltages, and the in-plane electrodes (64) at a low voltage. The voltages applied to the row and column electrodes may not be the same. This allows the electric field from both the top row electrode (63) and the bottom column electrode (65) to force the particles in the selected cells to move quickly towards the edges of the cells and results in a true black state of high quality.
A colored (e.g., red, blue, or green) state of the selected cells can be achieved when the voltage of a top (row) electrode (63) is set high, and the voltages of a column electrode (65) and the two in-plane electrodes (64) are set low. In this case, the white particles in the cell, driven by the electric field, migrate to the column electrode at the bottom. The bottom of the cells will be covered by the white particles and the color of the dielectric solvent (i.e., red, green or blue) is seen through the top transparent conductor layer. Any color combinations may be achieved according to the present invention by moving the charged white particles in selected cells of a pixel to the bottom. Gray scale can also be obtained by adjusting the voltage to partially move the particles to the bottom column electrodes.
Although the dual switching mode was illustrated above by using two in-plane electrodes (64) in a cell, the same results can also be achieved by using only one in-plane electrode or multiple in-plane electrodes.
IV(b) TFT Active Matrix
(1) Electrode Circuit Design
TFT (Thin Film Transistor) active matrix used in the LCD display system has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,820. Such TFT technology can also be applied to the dual-mode EPD of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, the top layer electrode made of a transparent conductive material, such as ITO, is in one piece which covers the entire top surface of the display. The top electrode connects to ground (0V).
In the dual-mode switching, two TFTs (104 a and 104 b) are required for each cell to control the bottom electrode (101) and the in-plane electrodes (102) independently. When a row of cells (100) are scanned, the scan line (108) applies a voltage to the gates (107 a and 107 b) of the TFTs (104 a and 104 b) on that row of cells which turn on the TFTs. At the same time, signals for each electrode are applied at signal lines (106 a and 106 b), which are connected to the drains (105 a and 105 b) of the TFTs. These signals are then switched to the sources (103 a and 103 b) of the TFTs, which are connected to the bottom electrode and in-plane electrodes respectively. The signals form the desired bias condition of each cell. Signal capacitors (109 a and 109 b) are added to hold the voltages, so the voltages at the electrodes continue providing the bias to the cell even after the switching. This driving scheme speeds up the switching time dramatically. In addition, after the signal capacitors (109 a and 109 b) are charged, the driver can continue switching the next row. The switching time for each row of electrodes is only the charging time for the signal capacitors. This greatly reduces the response time of the display.
(2) Driving Timing Sequences
To illustrate the dual mode switching of this invention, electrophoretic cells comprising a common black background and positively charged white particles dispersed in a clear colored solvent are used.
In a preferred embodiment, the top electrode of the device is permanently connected to ground (0V). As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
After a row of cells are scanned, the signal capacitors of each cell are charged according to the signal line voltage. When a row of cells are not being scanned, it is in the non-scan phase. During the non-scan phase, the electrode with a voltage set by the signal capacitor continues to generate the electric field and control the movement of particles.
The scan time limit of this design is determined by the signal capacitor discharge time. The capacitor needs to be refreshed (recharged) before the voltage drops more than 10% to maintain a good switching speed. The display response (on/off) time is determined by the pixel on/off time, because each pixel can be quickly charged and refreshed. Thus, the line to line scan delay can be eliminated.
IV(c) Combination of Passive Matrix and TFT Active Matrix
(1) Electrode Circuit Design
In this novel design, both the passive matrix electrodes and the TFT active matrix are used in the driving electrode design.
The top row electrodes (118) and bottom column electrodes (111) form the passive matrix which controls the movement of particles in the up and down direction. The in-plane electrodes (112) and the bottom column electrode (111) provide the bias voltage for the in-plane movement of the particles. The in-plane electrodes are controlled by the TFT active matrix.
(2) Driving Timing Sequences
To illustrate the dual mode switching of this invention, electrophoretic cells comprising a common black background and positively charged white particles dispersed in a clear colored solvent are used.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
This design has the advantage of reducing the in-plane switching time. As the in-plane electrodes are controlled by the TFTs, the signal capacitor holds the voltage on the in-plane electrodes. During the non-scan phase, the electrode with a voltage set by the signal capacitor continues to generate the electric field and control the movement of particles. This effectively reduces the cell switching time.
IV(d) Alternative Combination of Passive Matrix and TFT Active Matrix
(1) Electrode Circuit Design
In another novel design, both the passive matrix electrodes and TFT active matrix are used in the driving electrode design.
The top row electrodes and the in-plane electrodes form the passive matrix. The in-plane electrodes and the bottom electrode provide the bias voltage for the in-plane movement of the particles. The bottom electrodes are controlled by the TFT active matrix.
(2) Driving Timing Sequences
To illustrate the dual mode switching of this invention, electrophoretic cells comprising a common black background and positively charged white particles dispersed in a clear colored solvent are used.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
This design has the advantage of reducing the up-down switching time. As the bottom electrode is controlled by the TFTs, the signal capacitor holds the voltage on the bottom electrode. During the non-scan phase, the electrode with a voltage set by the signal capacitor continues to generate the electric field and control the movement of the particles. This effectively reduces the cell switching time.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation, materials, compositions, processes, process step or steps, to the objective, spirit and scope of the present invention. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
It is therefore wished that this invention to be defined by the scope of the appended claims as broadly as the prior art will permit, and in view of the specification.
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Please contact us if you have questions that aren't answered here.
Q. Why do I need this?
A. The Potty Pail is a beneficial aid in pre-washing soiled cloth diapers. Whereas other methods like soaking and dunking saturate and engulf the entire diaper in a sea of poop, The Potty Pail system allows you to target the removal of poop and urine from baby's diaper to just the soiled area leaving the clean areas of the diaper clean. Why have poop particals permeate the entire diaper if you don't have to?
Q. I already own a Mini-Shower, can I use the Potty Pail with my sprayer?
A. You bet! The bucket by itself is an excellent compliment to the Mini-Shower or any other spray hose you may have already in place. With the bucket system, you won't have to bend so far over the toilet or be on your knees and you can spray AND soak your diapers in one location.
Q. I was looking at the Potty Pail as my diaper service just closed and I need to start washing my own diapers. I am curious if the bottom of the pail is flat or if it is angled to encourage drainage.
A. Thanks for your interest! The bucket bottom is flat yet the flat ring around the outside of the pail is placed at an angle to allow the bucket to tilt towards the drain hole. The water and the diaper contents easily flow out through the hole into the toilet. Due to the slick nature of the plastic poo will not stick to the inside, it's easy to clean off with the sprayer hose, no need to wipe it down by hand.
Q. I'm affraid my water pressure is too strong for a sprayer. Can I control the pressure?
A. The sprayer hose can accommodate as much or as little water pressure as you need by regulating the valve (the little black handle) so when you need to get off some sticky solids, just turn up the volume! And please remember to shut the sprayer off after each use.
Q. I get to busy to rinse my babys diapers and occasionally they will get a bit crusty around the edges how does the soaking feature work?
A. If you're doing a long soak, keep the bucket on the toilet and make sure the stopper is in tight. That's all there is to it, you can soak them for as long as you need.
Q. What should I do with the bucket after my son is potty trained?My daughter's 4 now, and we still use the sprayer to rinse out her portable potty bowl as well as use it as a portable utility "sink" for cleaning up after paint projects and nasties that we don't want/can't go down the kitchen sink. The Potty Pail isn't just for cloth diapers! .
Q. Can I return the Potty Pail if I'm not satisfied?
A. Customer satisfaction is number one with us but as I'm sure you can understand we can not issue a refund on a Potty Pail that has been used or installed. Please refer to the bottom of the order page for our refund policy.
Q. Can't I go to my local hardware store and make this myself?
A. You can make something similar but will have trouble finding all the parts contained within our system. If you can't afford our system we encourage you to make this yourself. Our real goal is to get as many people as possible to use cloth diapers.
Q. What is the built-in stopper for?
A. Once placed snugly into the hole in bottom of bucket, the rubber stopper allows you to add water/suds to the bucket and do a quick cover or diaper wash without wasting water necessary for a small washing machine load. It's also handy to soak particularly stinky or soiled diapers. We recommend you do this while bucket is on the toilet, do NOT use the stopper off the toilet for it may pop out and you will then have a mess to clean up.* Thanks to suggestions from Potty Pail owners, we implemented this feature recently!
Q. Why do my diapers stink?
A. There are many reasons why this may occur. Natural fiber dipes (prefolds/fitteds in cotton or hemp) may need a shot of an anti-bacterial product to remove build-up (we recommend Bac-Out).
Q. Do you guarantee The Potty Pail?
A. Yes we guarantee The Potty Pail Sprayer Hose against defects for as long as you own it. We will send you the new parts to repair the sprayer hose free of charge or you can pay the shipping costs each way and we will repair it for you free of charge. Please remember to shut the sprayer off after each use
Q. What if my bathroom is so small I don't have any room to have the bucket by the toilet?
A. We suggest you store in the tub or shower stall. Once the dipes have dripped "dry" just place bucket on drip tray and move to desired location.


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Photograph - Spotswood Pumping Station, North Boiler Room, Victoria, 1992 Reg. No: MM 133472
- Summary:
- Black and white photograph part of a collection of images relating to Scienceworks. The images depict exterior views of the building, exhibitions, events and staff, mostly shot by staff photographers.
- Description:
- Black and white silver gelatin photograph.
- Description Of Content:
- Curator of Engineering Bill Sidebottom talking to assistant curator Chris Dixon in the north Boiler room of the Spotswood Pumping Station. At this time some collection objects were stored in the Boiler room. The large cylindrical object seen in profile at the rear right hand side is the Thompson steam boiler No.4 which was part of the original Pumping Station equipment. The equipment at the left are parts of the Brush Electrical Engineering Co steam turbine.
- Acknowledgement:
- Reproduced courtesy of Museum Victoria
|210 mm (Height), 255 mm (Width)
More information
|Tagged with:
|museum history, sciences, boilers, museums, pumping stations, museum victoria, scienceworks, museum staff, curators
|Themes this item is part of:
|Spotswood Sewerage Pumping Station, Melbourne, Victoria, Images & Image Making Collection, Public Life & Institutions Collection
|Primary Classification:
|Secondary Classification:
|Tertiary Classification:
|Photograph: Colour; See Dimensions
|Place & Date Depicted:
|Spotswood Pumping Station, Spotswood, Victoria, Australia, 1992
|Organisation Depicted:
|Scienceworks, Museum Victoria, Spotswood, Victoria, Australia, 1992
|Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 1992
|Person Depicted:
|Mr William Sidebottom - Scienceworks, Museum of Victoria, Spotswood, Victoria, Australia, 1992
|Person Depicted:
|Mr Chris Dixon - Museum of Victoria Scienceworks, Spotswood, Victoria, Australia, 1992
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