text:
Label: HALAVEN- eribulin mesylate injection
- NDC Code(s): 62856-389-01
- Packager: Eisai Inc.
- Category: HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL
- DEA Schedule: None
- Marketing Status: New Drug Application
Drug Label Information
Updated 12/14
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These highlights do not include all the information needed to use HALAVEN® safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for HALAVEN.
HALAVEN® (eribulin mesylate) Injection
For intravenous administration.
Initial U.S. Approval: 2010
HALAVEN is a microtubule inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer who have previously received at least two chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of metastatic disease. Prior therapy should have included an anthracycline and a taxane in either the adjuvant or metastatic setting (1)
None. (4)
- Neutropenia: Monitor peripheral blood cell counts and adjust dose as appropriate (2.2, 5.1, 6)
- Peripheral Neuropathy: Monitor for signs of neuropathy. Manage with dose delay and adjustment (2.2, 5.2, 6)
- Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Fetal harm can occur when administered to a pregnant woman (5.3, 8.1)
- QT Prolongation: Monitor for prolonged QT intervals in patients with congestive heart failure, bradyarrhythmias, drugs known to prolong the QT interval, and electrolyte abnormalities. Avoid in patients with congenital long QT syndrome (5.4)
The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥25%) were neutropenia, anemia, asthenia/fatigue, alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, nausea, and constipation (6)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Eisai Inc. at (1-877-873-4724) or contact FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch
- Nursing Mothers: Discontinue drug or nursing, taking into consideration the importance of the drug to the mother (8.3)
- Hepatic Impairment: A lower starting dose is recommended for patients with mild (Child-Pugh A) and moderate (Child-Pugh B) hepatic impairment. Patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C) were not studied (8.6)
- Renal Impairment: A lower starting dose is recommended for patients with moderate (CrCl 30-49 mL/min) or severe (CrCl 15-29 mL/min) renal impairment (8.7)
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.
Revised: 12/2014Close
2.1 Recommended Dose
2.2 Dose Modification
2.3 Instructions for Preparation and Administration
5.1 Neutropenia
5.2 Peripheral Neuropathy
5.3 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
5.4 QT Prolongation
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
7.1 Effects of Other Drugs on HALAVEN
7.2 Effects of HALAVEN on Other Drugs
8.1 Pregnancy
8.3 Nursing Mothers
8.4 Pediatric Use
8.5 Geriatric Use
8.6 Hepatic Impairment
8.7 Renal Impairment
12.1 Mechanism of Action
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
12.6 Cardiac Electrophysiology
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
- *
- Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listed.
HALAVEN is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer who have previously received at least two chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of metastatic disease. Prior therapy should have included an anthracycline and a taxane in either the adjuvant or metastatic setting.Close
2.1 Recommended Dose
The recommended dose of HALAVEN is 1.4 mg/m2 administered intravenously over 2 to 5 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle.
The recommended dose of HALAVEN in patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A) is 1.1 mg/m2 administered intravenously over 2 to 5 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6 )].
The recommended dose of HALAVEN in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B) is 0.7 mg/m2 administered intravenously over 2 to 5 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
The recommended dose of HALAVEN in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance (CrCl) 15-49 mL/min) is 1.1 mg/m2 administered intravenously over 2 to 5 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].
2.2 Dose Modification
Assess for peripheral neuropathy and obtain complete blood cell counts prior to each dose.
Recommended dose delays
- Do not administer HALAVEN on Day 1 or Day 8 for any of the following:
- ANC < 1,000/mm3
- Platelets < 75,000/mm3
- Grade 3 or 4 non-hematological toxicities.
- The Day 8 dose may be delayed for a maximum of 1 week.
- If toxicities do not resolve or improve to ≤ Grade 2 severity by Day 15, omit the dose.
- If toxicities resolve or improve to ≤ Grade 2 severity by Day 15, administer HALAVEN at a reduced dose and initiate the next cycle no sooner than 2 weeks later.
Recommended dose reductions
- If a dose has been delayed for toxicity and toxicities have recovered to Grade 2 severity or less, resume HALAVEN at a reduced dose as set out in Table 1.
- Do not re-escalate HALAVEN dose after it has been reduced.
Table 1 Recommended Dose Reductions Event Description Recommended
ANC = absolute neutrophil count.
Toxicities graded in accordance with National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0.
Permanently reduce the 1.4 mg/m2 HALAVEN dose for any of the following: 1.1 mg/m2 ANC < 500/mm3 for >7 days ANC < 1,000/mm3 with fever or infection Platelets < 25,000/mm3 Platelets < 50,000/mm3 requiring transfusion Non-hematologic Grade 3 or 4 toxicities Omission or delay of Day 8 HALAVEN dose in previous cycle for toxicity Occurrence of any event requiring permanent dose reduction while receiving 1.1 mg/m2 0.7 mg/m2 Occurrence of any event requiring permanent dose reduction while receiving 0.7 mg/m2 Discontinue HALAVEN
2.3 Instructions for Preparation and Administration
Aseptically withdraw the required amount of HALAVEN from the single-use vial and administer undiluted or diluted in 100 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP.
Do not dilute in or administer through an intravenous line containing solutions with dextrose. Do not administer in the same intravenous line concurrent with the other medicinal products.
Store undiluted HALAVEN in the syringe for up to 4 hours at room temperature or for up to 24 hours under refrigeration (40°F or/ 4°C). Store diluted solutions of HALAVEN for up to 4 hours at room temperature or up to 24 hours under refrigeration.
Discard unused portions of the vial.
- Do not administer HALAVEN on Day 1 or Day 8 for any of the following:
HALAVEN (eribulin mesylate) Injection, 1 mg/2 mL (0.5 mg/mL).Close
5.1 Neutropenia
Severe neutropenia (ANC < 500/mm3) lasting more than one week occurred in 12% (62/503) of patients in Study 1, leading to discontinuation in <1% of patients [see Adverse Reactions (6)]. Patients with alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase > 3 × ULN (upper limit of normal) experienced a higher incidence of Grade 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia than patients with normal aminotransferase levels. Patients with bilirubin > 1.5 × ULN also had a higher incidence of Grade 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia.
Monitor complete blood counts prior to each dose; increase the frequency of monitoring in patients who develop Grade 3 or 4 cytopenias. Delay administration of HALAVEN and reduce subsequent doses in patients who experience febrile neutropenia or Grade 4 neutropenia lasting longer than 7 days [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. Clinical studies of HALAVEN did not include patients with baseline neutrophil counts below 1,500/mm3.
5.2 Peripheral Neuropathy
Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 8% (40/503) of patients, and Grade 4 in 0.4% (2/503) of patients in Study 1. Peripheral neuropathy was the most common toxicity leading to discontinuation of HALAVEN (5% of patients; 24/503). Neuropathy lasting more than one year occurred in 5% (26/503) of patients. Twenty-two percent (109/503) of patients developed a new or worsening neuropathy that had not recovered within a median follow-up duration of 269 days (range 25-662 days). Monitor patients closely for signs of peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy. Withhold HALAVEN in patients who experience Grade 3 or 4 peripheral neuropathy until resolution to Grade 2 or less [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
5.3 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of HALAVEN in pregnant women. HALAVEN is a microtubule inhibitor; therefore, it is expected to cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Embryo-fetal toxicity and teratogenicity occurred in rats that received eribulin mesylate at approximately half of the recommended human dose based on body surface area. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if a patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, she should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
5.4 QT Prolongation
In an uncontrolled open-label ECG study in 26 patients, QT prolongation was observed on Day 8, independent of eribulin concentration, with no QT prolongation observed on Day 1. ECG monitoring is recommended if therapy is initiated in patients with congestive heart failure, bradyarrhythmias, drugs known to prolong the QT interval, including Class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, and electrolyte abnormalities. Correct hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia prior to initiating HALAVEN and monitor these electrolytes periodically during therapy. Avoid HALAVEN in patients with congenital long QT syndrome.
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, the adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in other clinical trials and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
The following adverse reactions are discussed in detail in other sections of the labeling:
- Neutropenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
- Peripheral neuropathy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
- QT interval prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
The most common adverse reactions (≥25%) reported in patients receiving HALAVEN were neutropenia, anemia, asthenia/fatigue, alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, nausea, and constipation. The most common serious adverse reactions reported in patients receiving HALAVEN were febrile neutropenia (4%) and neutropenia (2%). The most common adverse reaction resulting in discontinuation of HALAVEN was peripheral neuropathy (5%).
In clinical trials, HALAVEN has been administered to 1,222 patients with multiple tumor types, including 240 patients exposed to HALAVEN for 6 months or longer. The majority of the 1,222 patients were women (82%) with a median age of 58 years (range: 26 to 91 years). The racial and ethnic distribution was Caucasian (83%), Black (5%), Asian (2%), and other (5%).
The adverse reactions described in Table 2 were identified in 750 patients treated in Study 1 [see Clinical Studies (14)]. In Study 1, patients were randomized (2:1) to receive either HALAVEN (1.4 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle) or single agent treatment chosen by their physician (control group). A total of 503 patients received HALAVEN, and 247 patients in the control group received therapy consisting of chemotherapy [total 97% (anthracyclines 10%, capecitabine 18%, gemcitabine 19%, taxanes 15%, vinorelbine 25%, other chemotherapies 10%)] or hormonal therapy (3%). The median duration of exposure was 118 days for patients receiving HALAVEN and 63 days for patients receiving control therapy. Table 2 reports the most common adverse reactions occurring in at least 10% of patients in either group.
Table 2 Adverse Reactions with a Per-Patient Incidence of at Least 10% in Study 1
MedDRA ver 10.0
Control Group
All Grades ≥ Grade 3 All Grades ≥ Grade 3 Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders a
Nervous system disorders
Peripheral neuropathyb
General disorders and administrative site conditions
Mucosal inflammation
Gastrointestinal disorders
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Back pain
Bone pain
Pain in extremity
Weight decreased
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Infections and Infestations
Urinary Tract Infection
a. based upon laboratory data.
b includes neuropathy peripheral, neuropathy, peripheral motor neuropathy, polyneuropathy, peripheral sensory neuropathy, and paraesthesia.
c not applicable; (grading system does not specify > Grade 2 for alopecia).
Cytopenias: Grade 3 neutropenia occurred in 28% (143/503) of patients who received HALAVEN in Study 1, and 29% (144/503) of patients experienced Grade 4 neutropenia. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 5% (23/503) of patients; two patients (0.4%) died from complications of febrile neutropenia. Dose reduction due to neutropenia was required in 12% (62/503) of patients and discontinuation was required in <1% of patients. The mean time to nadir was 13 days and the mean time to recovery from severe neutropenia (<500/mm3) was 8 days. Grade 3 or greater thrombocytopenia occurred in 1% (7/503) of patients. G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) or GM-CSF (granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor) was used in 19% of patients who received HALAVEN.
Peripheral Neuropathy: In Study 1, 17 % of enrolled patients had Grade 1 peripheral neuropathy and 3% of patients had Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy at baseline. Dose reduction due to peripheral neuropathy was required by 3% (14/503) of patients who received HALAVEN. Four percent (20/503) of patients experienced peripheral motor neuropathy of any grade and 2% (8/503) of patients developed Grade 3 peripheral motor neuropathy.
Liver Function Test Abnormalities: Among patients with Grade 0 or 1 ALT levels at baseline, 18% of HALAVEN-treated patients experienced Grade 2 or greater ALT elevation. One HALAVEN-treated patient without documented liver metastases had concomitant Grade 2 elevations in bilirubin and ALT; these abnormalities resolved and did not recur with re-exposure to HALAVEN.
Less Common Adverse Reactions:The following additional adverse reactions were reported in ≥5% to <10% of the HALAVEN-treated group:
- Eye Disorders: increased lacrimation
- Gastrointestinal Disorders: dyspepsia, abdominal pain, stomatitis, dry mouth
- General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: peripheral edema
- Infections and Infestations: upper respiratory tract infection
- Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: hypokalemia
- Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: muscle spasms, muscular weakness
- Nervous System Disorders: dysgeusia, dizziness
- Psychiatric Disorders: insomnia, depression
- Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: rash
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse drug reactions have been identified during post-approval of HALAVEN. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
- Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: lymphopenia
- Gastrointestinal Disorders: pancreatitis
- Hepatobiliary Disorders: hepatotoxicity
- Immune System Disorders: drug hypersensitivity
- Infections and Infestations: pneumonia, sepsis/neutropenic sepsis
- Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: hypomagnesemia, dehydration
- Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: interstitial lung disease
- Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: pruritus
7.1 Effects of Other Drugs on HALAVEN
No drug-drug interactions are expected with CYP3A4 inhibitors, CYP3A4 inducers or P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors. Clinically meaningful differences in exposure (AUC) were not observed in patients with advanced solid tumors when HALAVEN was administered with or without ketoconazole (a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4 and a P-gp inhibitor) and when HALAVEN was administered with or without rifampin (a CYP3A4 inducer) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
7.2 Effects of HALAVEN on Other Drugs
Eribulin does not inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 or CYP3A4 enzymes or induce CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 or CYP3A4 enzymes at relevant clinical concentrations. Eribulin is not expected to alter the plasma concentrations of drugs that are substrates of these enzymes [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
8.1 Pregnancy
Category D [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies with HALAVEN in pregnant women. HALAVEN is a microtubule inhibitor, therefore, it is expected to cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Embryo-fetal toxicity and teratogenicity occurred in rats that received eribulin mesylate at approximately half of the recommended human dose based on body surface area. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.
In a developmental toxicity study, pregnant rats received intravenous infusion of eribulin mesylate during organogenesis (Gestation Days 8, 10, and 12) at doses approximately 0.04, 0.13, 0.43 and 0.64 times the recommended human dose, based on body surface area (mg/m2). Increased abortion and severe external or soft tissue malformations were observed in offspring at doses 0.64 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area (mg/m2), including the absence of a lower jaw, tongue, stomach and spleen. Increased embryo-fetal death/resorption, reduced fetal weights, and minor skeletal anomalies consistent with developmental delay were also reported at or above doses of 0.43 times the recommended human dose.
Maternal toxicity of eribulin mesylate was reported in rats at or above doses of 0.43 times the recommended human dose (mg/m²), and included enlarged spleen, reduced maternal weight gain and decreased food consumption.
8.3 Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether HALAVEN is excreted into human milk. No studies in humans or animals were conducted to determine if HALAVEN is excreted into milk. Because many drugs are excreted into human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in human milk fed infants from HALAVEN, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue HALAVEN taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
8.4 Pediatric Use
The safety and effectiveness of HALAVEN in pediatric patients below the age of 18 years have not been established.
8.5 Geriatric Use
Study 1 did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Of the 827 subjects who received the recommended dose and schedule of HALAVEN in clinical studies, 15% (121/827) were 65 and older, and 2% (17/827) patients were 75 and older. No overall differences in safety were observed between these subjects and younger subjects.
8.6 Hepatic Impairment
Administration of HALAVEN at a dose of 1.1 mg/m2 to patients with mild hepatic impairment and 0.7 mg/m2 to patients with moderate hepatic impairment resulted in similar exposure to eribulin as a dose of 1.4 mg/m2 to patients with normal hepatic function. Therefore, a lower starting dose of 1.1 mg/m2 is recommended for patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A) and of 0.7 mg/m2 is recommended for patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B). HALAVEN was not studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C) [see Dosage and Administration (2.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
8.7 Renal Impairment
For patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (CrCl 15-49 mL/min), reduce the starting dose to 1.1 mg/m2 [see Dosage and Administration (2.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Overdosage of HALAVEN has been reported at approximately 4 times the recommended dose, which resulted in Grade 3 neutropenia lasting seven days and a Grade 3 hypersensitivity reaction lasting one day.
There is no known antidote for HALAVEN overdose.Close
HALAVEN (eribulin mesylate) Injection is a non-taxane microtubule dynamics inhibitor. Eribulin mesylate is a synthetic analogue of halichondrin B, a product isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai. The chemical name for eribulin mesylate is 11,15:18,21:24,28-Triepoxy-7,9-ethano-12,15-methano-9H,15H-furo[3,2-i]furo[2',3':5,6]pyrano[4,3-b][1,4]dioxacyclopentacosin-5(4H)-one, 2-[(2S)-3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl]hexacosahydro-3-methoxy-26-methyl-20,27-bis(methylene)-, (2R,3R,3aS,7R,8aS,9S,10aR,11S,12R,13aR,13bS,15S,18S,21S,24S,26R,28R,29aS)-, methanesulfonate (salt). It has a molecular weight of 826.0 (729.9 for free base). The empirical formula is C40H59NO11•CH4O3S. Eribulin mesylate has the following structural formula:
HALAVEN is a clear, colorless, sterile solution for intravenous administration. Each vial contains 1 mg of eribulin mesylate as a 0.5 mg/mL solution in ethanol: water (5:95).Close
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Eribulin inhibits the growth phase of microtubules without affecting the shortening phase and sequesters tubulin into nonproductive aggregates. Eribulin exerts its effects via a tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism leading to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
The pharmacokinetics (PK) of eribulin is linear with a mean elimination half-life of approximately 40 hours, a mean volume of distribution of 43 L/m2 to 114 L/m2 and mean clearance of 1.16 L/hr/m2 to 2.42 L/hr/m2 over the dose range of 0.25 mg/m2 to 4.0 mg/m2. The human plasma protein binding of eribulin at concentrations of 100 ng/mL to 1,000 ng/mL ranges from 49% to 65% Eribulin exposure after multiple dosing is comparable to that following a single dose. No accumulation of eribulin is observed with weekly administration.
Unchanged eribulin was the major circulating species in plasma following administration of 14C‑eribulin to patients. Metabolite concentrations represented <0.6% of parent compound, confirming that there are no major human metabolites of eribulin. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) negligibly metabolizes eribulin in vitro.
Eribulin is eliminated primarily in feces unchanged. After administration of 14C-eribulin to patients, approximately 82% of the dose was eliminated in feces and 9% in urine. Unchanged eribulin accounted for approximately 88% and 91% of the dose in feces and urine, respectively.
Effects of Age, Gender, and Race
Based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis with data collected from 340 patients, gender, race, and age do not have a clinically meaningful effect on the PK of eribulin.
Drug Interactions
Effect of Other Drugs on HALAVEN
The effect of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor and a P-gp inhibitor, ketoconazole, on the PK of eribulin was studied in a crossover trial of 12 patients with advanced solid tumors. No clinically relevant PK interaction was observed when HALAVEN was administered with or without ketoconazole (the geometric mean ratio of the AUC: 0.97; 90%CI: 0.83, 1.12).
The effect of a CYP3A4 inducer, rifampin, on the PK of eribulin was studied in a crossover trial of 14 patients with advanced solid tumors. No clinically relevant PK interaction was observed when HALAVEN was administered with or without rifampin (the geometric mean ratio of the AUC: 1.10; 90CI%: 0.91, 1.34).
Effect of HALAVEN on Other Drugs
Eribulin shows no induction potential for CYP1A, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A in primary human hepatocytes. Eribulin inhibits CYP3A4 activity in human liver microsomes, but it is unlikely that eribulin will substantially increase the plasma levels of CYP3A4 substrates. No significant inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, or CYP2E1 was detected with eribulin concentrations up to 5 μM in pooled human liver microsomes. In vitro drug interaction studies indicate that eribulin does not inhibit drugs that are substrates of these enzymes and it is unlikely that eribulin will affect plasma levels of drugs that are substrates of CYP enzymes. Eribulin is a substrate and a weak inhibitor of the drug efflux transporter P-gp in vitro.
Specific Populations
Hepatic Impairment
A study evaluated the PK of eribulin in patients with mild (Child-Pugh A; n=7) and moderate (Child-Pugh B; n=5) hepatic impairment. Compared to patients with normal hepatic function (n=6), eribulin exposures increased 1.8-fold and 2.5-fold in patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment, respectively. Administration of HALAVEN at a dose of 1.1 mg/m2 to patients with mild hepatic impairment and 0.7 mg/m2 to patients with moderate hepatic impairment resulted in similar exposure to eribulin as a dose of 1.4 mg/m2 to patients with normal hepatic function [see Dosage and Administration (2.1), Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
Renal Impairment
A study evaluated the PK of eribulin in patients with moderate (CrCl: 30-49 mL/min; n=7) and severe (CrCl: 15-29 mL/min; n=6) renal impairment. Compared to patients with normal renal function (CrCl ≥ 80 mL/min; n=6), patients with moderate and severe renal impairment have 1.5-fold higher eribulin dose-normalized exposures. However for patients with mild renal impairment the data indicate no dose adjustment is necessary [see Dosage and Administration (2.1), Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].
12.6 Cardiac Electrophysiology
The effect of HALAVEN on the QTc interval was assessed in an open-label, uncontrolled, multicenter, single-arm dedicated QT trial. A total of 26 patients with solid tumors received 1.4 mg/m2 of HALAVEN on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. A delayed QTc prolongation was observed on Day 8, with no prolongation observed on Day 1. The maximum mean QTcF change from baseline (95% upper confidence interval) was 11.4 (19.5) ms.
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with eribulin mesylate.
Eribulin mesylate was not mutagenic in in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assays (Ames test). Eribulin mesylate was positive in mouse lymphoma mutagenesis assays, and was clastogenic in an in vivo rat bone marrow micronucleus assay.
The effects of HALAVEN on human fertility are unknown. Fertility studies have not been conducted with eribulin mesylate in humans or animals. However, nonclinical findings in repeated-dose dog and rat toxicology studies suggest that male fertility may be compromised by treatment with eribulin mesylate. Rats exhibited testicular toxicity (hypocellularity of seminiferous epithelium with hypospermia/aspermia) following dosing with eribulin mesylate at or above 0.43 times the recommended human dose (mg/m2) given once weekly for 3 weeks, or at or above 0.21 times the recommended human dose (mg/m2) given once weekly for 3 out of 5 weeks, repeated for 6 cycles. Testicular toxicity was also observed in dogs given 0.64 times the recommended human dose (mg/m2) weekly for 3 out of 5 weeks, repeated for 6 cycles.
Study 1 was an open-label, randomized, multicenter trial of 762 patients with metastatic breast cancer who received at least two chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of metastatic disease and experienced disease progression within 6 months of their last chemotherapeutic regimen. Patients were required to receive prior anthracycline- and taxane- based chemotherapy for adjuvant or metastatic disease. Patients were randomized (2:1) to receive HALAVEN (n=508) or a single agent therapy selected prior to randomization (control arm, n=254). Randomization was stratified by geographic region, HER2/neu status, and prior capecitabine exposure. HALAVEN was administered at a dose of 1.4 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. HALAVEN-treated patients received a median of 5 cycles (range: 1 to 23 cycles) of therapy. Control arm therapy consisted of 97% chemotherapy (26% vinorelbine, 18% gemcitabine, 18% capecitabine, 16% taxane, 9% anthracycline, 10% other chemotherapy), and 3% hormonal therapy. The main efficacy outcome was overall survival.
Patient demographic and baseline characteristics were comparable between the treatment arms. The median age was 55 (range: 27 to 85 years) and 92% were White. Sixty-four percent of patients were enrolled in North America/Western Europe/Australia, 25% in Eastern Europe/Russia, and 11% in Latin America/South Africa. Ninety-one percent of patients had a baseline ECOG performance status of 0 or 1. Tumor prognostic characteristics, including estrogen receptor status (positive: 67%, negative: 28%), progesterone receptor status (positive: 49%, negative: 39%), HER2/neu receptor status (positive: 16%, negative: 74%), triple negative status (ER-,PR-,HER2/neu-: 19%), presence of visceral disease (82%, including 60% liver and 38% lung) and bone disease (61%), and number of sites of metastases (greater than two: 50%), were also similar in the HALAVEN and control arms. Patients received a median of four prior chemotherapy regimens in both arms.
In Study 1, a statistically significant improvement in overall survival was observed in patients randomized to the HALAVEN arm compared to the control arm (see Table 3). An updated, unplanned survival analysis, conducted when 77% of events had been observed (see Figure 1), was consistent with the primary analysis. In patients randomized to HALAVEN, the objective response rate by the RECIST criteria was 11% (95% CI: 8.6%, 14.3%) and the median response duration was 4.2 months (95% CI: 3.8, 5.0 months).
Table 3 Comparison of Overall Survival in HALAVEN and Control Arm - Study 1 Overall Survival HALAVEN
Control Arm
CI = confidence interval
a Based on Cox proportional hazards model stratified by geographic region, HER2 status, and prior capecitabine therapy.
b Based on a log-rank test stratified by geographic region, HER2 status, and prior capecitabine therapy.
Primary survival analysis Number of deaths 274 148 Median, months (95% CI) 13.1 (11.8, 14.3) 10.6 (9.3, 12.5) Hazard Ratio (95% CI)a 0.81 (0.66, 0.99) P valueb 0.041 Updated survival analysis Number of deaths 386 203 Median, months (95% CI) 13.2 (12.1, 14.4) 10.6 (9.2, 12.0)
Figure 1 Updated Overall Survival Analysis for Study 1
Eribulin mesylate injection, 1 mg/2 mL, in a single-use vial. One vial per carton.
Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15° – 30° C (59° -86° F). Do not freeze. Store the vials in their original cartons.Close
- Advise patients to contact their health care provider for a fever of 100.5°F or greater or other signs or symptoms of infection such as chills, cough, or burning or pain on urination [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
- Advise women of childbearing potential to avoid pregnancy and to use effective contraception during treatment with HALAVEN [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Distributed by:
Eisai Inc.
Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677
© 2014 Eisai Inc.Close
Revised December 2014
HALAVEN® (HAL-ih-ven)
(eribulin mesylate) Injection
Read this leaflet before you start receiving HALAVEN and before each injection. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking with your healthcare provider about your medical condition or your treatment.
What is the most important information I should know about HALAVEN?
Your healthcare provider should do blood tests regularly to check your blood cell counts before you receive each dose of HALAVEN.
- HALAVEN can cause a decrease in white blood cell count (neutropenia). This can make you more likely to get serious infections that could lead to death. You may need treatment in the hospital with antibiotic medicines.
- Call your healthcare provider right away if you develop any of these symptoms of infection while you are receiving HALAVEN:
- fever (temperature above 100.5°F)
- chills
- cough
- burning or pain when you urinate.
- HALAVEN can cause numbness, tingling, or burning in your hands and feet (neuropathy). Tell your healthcare provider if you have any of these symptoms.
See "What are possible side effects of HALAVEN?" for more information about side effects.
What is HALAVEN?
HALAVEN is a prescription medicine used to treat people with breast cancer:
- that has spread to other parts of their body, and
- who have already received certain types of anticancer medicines after their breast cancer has spread.
What should I tell my healthcare provider before receiving HALAVEN?
Before you receive HALAVEN, tell your healthcare provider if you:
- have liver or kidney problems.
- have heart problems, including a problem called "congenital long QT syndrome."
- are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. HALAVEN may harm your unborn baby. Talk with your healthcare provider about birth control methods to prevent pregnancy while you receive HALAVEN. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant or think you are pregnant while you are receiving HALAVEN
- are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed. It is not known if HALAVEN passes into your breast milk. You and your healthcare provider should decide if you will take HALAVEN or breastfeed. You should not do both.
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins and herbal supplements.
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of your medicines to show to your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
How will I receive HALAVEN?
- HALAVEN is injected directly into your vein.
- HALAVEN is given in "cycles" of treatment, with each cycle lasting 21 days.
- You will receive an injection 1 time each week for two weeks in a row (day 1 and day 8 of a treatment cycle).
- Your healthcare provider may need to decrease your dose of HALAVEN or change how often you receive it, depending on your blood test results.
What are the possible side effects of HALAVEN?
HALAVEN may cause serious side effects, including:
- See "What is the most important information I should know about HALAVEN?"
- HALAVEN can cause changes in your heartbeat (called QTc prolongation). This can cause irregular heartbeats that may lead to death. Your healthcare provider will decide if you need heart monitoring (electrocardiogram or ECG), or blood tests during your treatment with HALAVEN to watch for this problem.
The most common side effects of HALAVEN include:
- weakness or tiredness
- hair loss
- nausea
- constipation
Tell your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of HALAVEN. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
General information about HALAVEN
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a patient information leaflet. This leaflet summarizes the most important information about HALAVEN. If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about HALAVEN that is written for health professionals.
For more information, go to www.HALAVEN.com or call Eisai Inc. at 1-877-873-4724.
What are the ingredients in HALAVEN?
Active Ingredients: eribulin mesylate
Inactive Ingredients: ethanol, water
HALAVEN® is a registered trademark used by Eisai Inc. under license from Eisai R&D Management Co., Ltd.
Distributed by:
Eisai Inc.
Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677
If you would like a leaflet with larger printing, please contact Eisai Inc. at 1-877-873-4724.Close
Revised: December 2014
(eribulin mesylate) Injection
1 mg/2 mL
(0.5 mg/mL)
For Intravenous Use
eribulin mesylate injection
Product Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC:62856-389 Route of Administration INTRAVENOUS DEA Schedule Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength ERIBULIN MESYLATE (UNII: AV9U0660CW) (ERIBULIN - UNII:LR24G6354G) ERIBULIN MESYLATE 0.5 mg in 1 mL Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength ALCOHOL (UNII: 3K9958V90M) WATER (UNII: 059QF0KO0R) Packaging # Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date 1 NDC:62856-389-01 1 in 1 CARTON 1 2 mL in 1 VIAL; Type 0: Not a Combination Product Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date NDA NDA201532 11/15/2010 Labeler - Eisai Inc. (831600833)


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District Links
HCPS Home
Bus Route Information
District Calendars
School Lunch Menus
Summer Safety Tips
Science Fair
Espanol - Consejos Utiles
Guía de proyectos de Ciencia
Informational Presentation
Parent Brochure
Parent Guide
Science Board Template
Science Board Template (lined)
General Rules
County Website
Parent Information
2015-2016 Supply List
Free or Reduced Price Lunch Application
Student Testing Information
Elementary Math Parent Flyers
Office 365 for students
Login to Office365 Portal
Programa Microsoft Office 365
My Spot - Parent Communication
Volunteer Application
Map of Pride Elementary
Bully Prevention
School Home
PTA Home
November 18, 2010
Parents, community members and friends of Pride Elementary School, make plans now to be a part of the annual Great American Tampa Bay, Thursday, November 18, 2010. Pride and the PTA are looking for volunteers to teach one class or teach all day in this community-wide effort to give you a taste of teaching. Firefighters, chemists, electricians, magicians, medical personnel, soldiers, and bakers are only a few of the community and parent volunteers who have shared their talents and stories with students.
You don't need teaching experience, just enthusiasm and a desire to share with students something about your career, your experiences, your hobby and/or yourself. Pride and the PTA want you to carry some key messages into the classroom--including the importance of staying in school and the value of each individual student.
The Great American Teach-In is a perfect opportunity for parents, business leaders and community members to let Pride students know the community cares about them. The idea is simple - join Pride Elementary and the PTA on November 18, 2010 and teach a class or two, whatever your schedule permits.
Whatever the length of the visit, volunteers make a difference! Thousands of previous Teach-In participants have discovered the experience is truly rewarding.
Here are some Teach-In Tips:
Plan for 20 students per classroom.
Consider wearing attire appropriate to the occupation, hobby or topic you plan to discuss.
Keep the student's average attention span in mind: 10-15 minutes for elementary grades.
When you arrive at the school, please check in at the front office.
If you plan to bring printed or audiovisual materials, please check with the teacher or school Teach-In Coordinator in advance.
Do not ask students for personal information, including telephone numbers, email addresses, or home addresses.
Pride Elementary School and the PTA will do their part in giving you some suggestions and preparing you for this teaching experience.
Simply call Pride Elementary at (813)558-5400 ext 242 on weekdays, during the hours of 8:00am – 3:30pm to register for The Great American Teach-In or fax the Great American Teach-In Form
GATI -Registration Form-1.doc
to (813)558-5404.
You won't regret your decision to be a volunteer teacher during The Great American Teach-In Tampa Bay!
Last Modified: Oct 21, 2010

subset: commoncrawl


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LAHORE, Pakistan 6/22/12 (PennWell) -- Pakistan's 4,320-MW Dasu hydroelectric project will receive at least partial financing from the World Bank, HydroWorld.com has learned, although exactly how much has not been announced.
Pakistan's Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) said the Dasu project will built in stages after the initiation of the 4,500-MW Diamer-Bhasha hydropower plant.
WAPDA says the World Bank funding will be used for the Dasu facility's engineering designs, which should be completed in early 2013.
HydroWorld.com reported in June 2010 that WAPDA was soliciting expressions of interest for the project's engineering design.


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Quantity Available:
Hudson Valley is known for their strong traditional, vintage, reproduction and contemporary lighting. Offering the same attention to detail that was evident during the early twentieth century, Hudson Valley boasts a range of classic finishes and glass selections that will surely satisfy even the most discriminating customer.
The Bristol Wall Sconce is available with the following:
- Clear outer and frosted innner glass shade
- Solid Brass supports
- Can be installed vertically or horizontally
- Rectangular wall plate
- UL Listed for damp locations
Finish: Aged Brass, Historic Bronze, Polished Nickel
- One 60 Watt 120 Volt Type E26 Medium Base Incandescent lamp (not included).
- Fixture: Height 10.5", Width 5", Depth 4.25"
Manufacturer IDs: view
Need help with some of our terminology? Check out Lumens' Lighting & Design Glossary.
Related Items
43W 120V A19 E26 Clear Halogen Bulb (2PK)By Satco Lighting$4.99{boxId:"compareuu518359", id:"uu518359"} See Comparison


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Korres Cherry Lip Kisses Review, Swatches, Photos
Korres Cherry Lip Kisses ($19.50) is a set of three 0.20 oz. lipglosses (that's full size!) by Korres for the price of just a little more than one single lipgloss. After trying #52 in Red Pink, I wanted to see how the other shades stacked up and if they were as opaque as that one (which was already a darker gloss).
- #33 Nude is a semi-sheer peachy-nude with golden copper sparkle. This one was just okay – there's nothing really special that drives this color. It looks blah on my lips, and it's the sheerest Korres' lipgloss I've tried. It's not a bad shade, it's just not one I'd actively seek out.
- #25 Natural Purple is a creamy, semi-opaque played down pink with no shimmer. I actually liked this one the most out of the three shades, because it gave me full color, lots of glossiness, and it looked natural. I don't know why it's called Natural Purple, but it's definitely an easy, wearable shade.
- #54 Fuchsia is a semi-opaque medium fuchsia with softer pink fuchsia sparkle. This one settled a bit into lines and applied streaky, so some care needs to be used to apply it and get a more even look. It's a fun pop of pink, but I've seen this color before.
Korres' Cherry Full Color Gloss is a moisturizing, non-sticky gloss with a high-shine glossy finish that tends to be more pigmented than the typical gloss. Not all shades are created equal, so some shades are more opaque than others. The gloss has a faint scent of cherry, but it's hardly noticeable (which may or may not be a good thing for you).
- Product: 26/30
- Value: 8/10
- Ease of Use: 4/5
- Packaging: 4/5
Availability: Sephora
See swatches…
#33 Nude, #25 Natural Purple, #54 Fuchsia
#25 Natural Purple
Discussion and debate are highly encouraged, and we expect community members to participate respectfully. When asking a question, please check the FAQ section (above) for information about purchasing, price, dupes, and the like. If you have general feedback or need technical support, please contact us.
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Step 1: Step 1- Parts & Tools
>A 12 volt, 0.14 amp cooling fan
>Fan pipe thingy (in the picture it is the bottom black round thing). or a plastic can of equal diameter to the fan. (has to be at least 3 inches deep).
>erector set pieces (optional)
>4 9-volt battery clips
>4 9-volt batteries
>electrical tape
>Swiss-army knife
>soldering iron (or tin foil and even more electrical tape)
Step 2: Step 2- Aquiring parts
>open up the computer with the screwdriver (or Swiss-army knife)
>locate the part inside and remove it or rip it out violently. (the former is preferred as ripping can cause damage to parts)
>the erector set pieces I used are mostly for show. you can use screws instead of them or even glue if you like. it doesn't really matter.
>the 9 volt clips can be gotten at your local radio shack
Step 3: Step 3- Assembly
>if you have the other rector set pieces you can put them on the hovercraft
>the 9 volts can be glued to the side of the fanguide thingy/can.
>now use your soldering iron to attach the 9 volt clips in parallel so the voltage is coming out at 36 volts. that will run the fan way higher than it is supposed to be but it is worth it.
>if you have done all this, it should be able to float about a milimeter above the ground. if not increase or decrease the the distance between the fan and the ground.
Big respect.
BUT- there is a specific danger to soldering directly to batteries. Batteries will heat up faster than you think and EXPLODE. I recommend just buying the 9 volt clips at radioshack for 3 dollars.
does both old desktop and or laptop or just one


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Explore the best that Seattle has to offer with recommendations by our concierge team to enjoy memorable experiences in the city.
To modify a reservation, please key in your last name and booking confirmation number below.
Explore the best that Seattle has to offer with recommendations by our concierge team to enjoy memorable experiences in the city.
Visitors stroll through twenty five different "snapshots" of the city through the years, each with a unique display of artifacts, images, and multimedia. Interspersed throughout the exhibit are one-of-a-kind interactive experiences, such as the Great Fire Theater and the Canwell Trials reenactment, that let visitors truly immerse themselves in the lives and stories of our past. The Joshua Green Foundation Theater helps contextualize the exhibit through a seven minute multimedia presentation on Seattle's cultural place in the region, the country, and the world.
Step back in time to the era of flappers and suffragists, bootleggers and temperance lobbyists, and real-life legends like Al Capone and Carry Nation! Created by the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia and making its West Coast premiere at MOHAI, American Spirits brings the whole story of Prohibition vividly to life through a re-created speakeasy, films, photos, multimedia, and more than 100 rare artifacts.
Explore the trials and triumphs in dressing the Star Wars™ universe in this special behind-the-scenes look at the costumes that shaped the identities of the most iconic characters of our time.
BECU ZooTunes presented by Carter Subaru is back for another season of outdoor concerts, a Seattle summer tradition celebrating more than 30 years. Enjoy live music performances from today's top talent in rock, folk, soul and blues performing against one of Seattle's most beautiful outdoor backdrops: Woodland Park Zoo's picturesque North Meadow.
Celebrate the South Lake Union neighborhood at this free event bringing together businesses from all around SLU for food samples, burger grilling, lawn games, a beer garden and more!
Sip and socialize while painting a masterpiece of your very own! Award winning Washington wines and delicious Northwest cuisine inspire you while a local artist guides the creativity.
Sunset Supper is a uniquely Seattle event that takes place on a warm summer evening in Pike Place Market. On Friday, August 14, the Market will transform into the perfect party venue for 1,400 guests and 90+ of our region's finest restaurants, wineries and breweries. Sip and sample gourmet food and drinks, chat with chefs, mingle with your friends, take a chance on a raffle or spin the wheel for prizes, and dance under the stars to live music.
Now in its third year, the Seattle Street Food Festival is the largest independent food festival in Washington state with over 75 local food booths, trucks and restaurants born right here in the Northwest. Additionally, Seattle's premiere hand crafts festival joins the event again this year to curate over 50 booths of amazing hand made offerings over two days
The Evergreen State Fairgrounds hosts the annual 12-day Evergreen State Fair every August through Labor Day. The Fair is one of the largest events held annually in the Pacific Northwest and is the largest single attraction held in Snohomish County.
Now in its 45th year, the Bumbershoot festival is one of Seattle's largest cultural touchstones. Each year, thousands of people across the country flock to Seattle to attend the acclaimed festival, which has become one of the biggest and best-loved contemporary festivals in North America. Bumbershoot's diverse programming includes live music, comedy, theatre, film, visual arts, dance performance, and more.
In a part of the city that began as a place to live and work over a century ago, South Lake Union is returning to its roots. The SLU Art Walk offers an opportunity to get better acquainted with this rapidly evolving neighborhood through a diversity of art, artists, and attractions.
Enjoy a Zero Impact Stay!
Experience the great Pacific Escape with delicious breakfast and other privileges
Make a statement about the environment at your next company meeting or event with our Mindful Meetings program.


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[ Larger Image ]
The Screenwriter's Problem Solver: How to Recognize, Identify, and Define Screenwriting Problems
by Syd Field
Paperback: 384 pages
Publisher: Delta
List Price: $17.00
Your Price: $14.55
Availability: Usually ships in 24 hours
Editorial Reviews
Product Description
All writing is rewriting. But what do you change, and how do you change it? All screenplays have problems. They happened to Die Hard: With a Vengeance and Broken Arrow-and didn't get fixed, leaving the films flawed. They nearly shelved Platoon-until Oliver Stone rewrote the first ten pages and created a classic. They happen to every screenwriter. But good writers see their problems as a springboard to creativity. Now bestselling author Syd Field, who works on over 1,000 screenplays a year, tells you step-by-step how to identify and fix common screenwriting problems, providing the professional secrets that make movies brilliant-secrets that can make your screenplay one headed for success...or even Cannes. Learn how to:
•Understand what makes great stories work
•Make your screenplay work in the first ten pages, using Thelma & Louise and Dances With Wolves as models
•Use a "dream assignment" to let your creative self break free overnight
•Make action build character, the way Quentin Tarantino does
•Recover when you hit the "wall"-and overcome writer's block forever
Amazon.com Review
Can't get your characters to shut up? Is the bit player in Act II more compelling than your protagonist? Do your scenes drag on f-o-r-e-v-e-r? Whatever your problem, screenwriting guru Syd Field can help; he's written four previous books on screenwriting, teaches worldwide, and is "involved in the reading and writing of about a thousand screenplays a year." Screenplays bog down in vague and mysterious ways, says Field; identifying a screenwriting problem is half the battle. Fixing a screenplay that seems dazed and confused might seem like Mission: Impossible, but you've got to have courage under fire. By identifying symptoms in the writing, Field isolates about 20 different screenwriting problems, each related to plot, character, or structure (after all, what else is there?). His fixes generally involve getting to know your characters or story better, through the use of automatic writing, biographical sketches, and the like. For examples of spectacular screenwriting, he offers excerpts from the screenplays for Thelma and Louise, The Shawshank Redemption, Pulp Fiction, Apollo 13, and Silence of the Lambs. Field is a man of many mantras: "Writing is rewriting," "Film is behavior," "Drama is conflict," "Action is character." But his advice is so useful that you'll forgive him his facile phrasemaking. And you'll thank him for persuading you that, yes, "a problem is an opportunity, a challenge that will allow you to ultimately improve your craft." --Jane Steinberg
Related Titles
- The Screenwriter's Workbook (Revised Edition)
- Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting
- Four Screenplays: Studies in the American Screenplay
- Selling a Screenplay: The Screenwriter's Guide to Hollywood
- The Screenwriter's Bible, 6th Edition: A Complete Guide to Writing, Formatting, and Selling Your Script (Expanded & Updated)
Scribendi offers Books and Software in association with Amazon.com. Portions copyright Amazon Inc. and its affiliates used under license.


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Palm City, FL Insurance And Services
Livings Insurance
Livings Insurance is the name you can trust in providing insurance and services to Palm City, FL. We have Matt Livings, your hometown agent to help you with your insurance needs. We have been providing quality insurances and the best services at reasonable rates. Let us put our experience and expertise to help you with all your insurance and services needs. We are conveniently located on the NW corner of Mapp Rd and Martin Downs Blvd.
Learn More About Livings Insurance:
- Control insurance costs - homeowners specialists
- Exclusive programs for high-value homes and autos
- Discounts for new construction and hurricane shutters
- Home Auto
- Liability
- Boat
- Flood
- Life
Attention: good drivers - new rates could save you hundreds! We also have good rates for not so good
drivers too.
Contact Livings Insurance today at 877-923-4111 for all of your insurance and services needs.
Additional Contact Information:
Port St. Lucie - 772-335-0204
Stuart - 772-221-0000
Contact Information


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Real Life
Counseling & Crisis
- *Headquarters Counseling Center: Suicide counseling and hotline, crisis response, safety education.
- *The Willow Domestic Violence Center: Safe house and crisis hotline for victims of domestic violence.
- *GaDuGi Safecenter: Support and counseling for victims of rape and sexual assault.
- *Bert Nash Community Mental Health Center: Counseling to help with life changes, depression, anxiety, or other mental health issues.
Sexuality & Relationships
- *Douglas County AIDS Project: Free HIV testing and AIDS education.
- GLBT National Help Center: National youth hotline and online peer-support chat.
- Planned Parenthood: Body, sex, and dating information.
Health & Beauty
- iEmily: Health and wellness site just for girls.
- Healthfinder.gov: Quick guide to healthy living.
- Teen Health: Learn how to take care of yourself now and in the future.
- Practical Money Skills Games
- Budget Guides
- Jump Start: Financial smarts for students
- Teen Consumer Scrapbook: By teens for teens, educating teens about the marketplace and consumer issues.


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NEW!Now you can comment & reply on customer reviews. Simply click "comment" below any review.
Picture is deceptive of actual product
I looked at the picture of the Toypedo which shows a young boy playing with a toy that is approximately the length of his arm. There is no description of the size of the product, nor any mention of quantity. There are four pictured in different colors, but no mention that the package contains four. The description says the toy will go 30 feet underwater. The toy I received was approximately 4 inches long and there were four to a package. The package states that the toys will go 20 feet underwater. I doubt that those Toypedo Bandits will go 30 feet. They might go 20 but it seems unlikely. I am disappointed that the toy I received isn't as large as the one pictured, which is what I thought I was getting. I will be returning the four Toypedos and looking for a larger one. Unfortunately the shipping cost will not be deducted from my refund. I believe the company could do a better job of describing exactly what product is being ordered.
Disappointed Nana
Raleigh, NC
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Fun toy which encourages swimming
My grandson is 2 and a half, and these toys are getting him in the water more. He loves throwing them off the side of the pool as well. Once he can swim, I know he will love watching them glide under the water.
Concord, MA
Great product!
My kids, 8 & 11, love these. Easy to use, work well, easy to keep in the swim bag.
Kris Slyman
Laramie WY
a fun pool toy
The kids love diving in after the toypedos. Since there are different point values, the kids even do a little summer math to see who found the most points!
Jasper, IN
They fly through the water amazingly. My son loves them.
Sport mom
Salt lake city, ut
cute missles
it was good value, but they are tiny .
Fun Toy
very fun toy
Nancy T.
Boise, ID
SwimWays Toypedo Bandits
My kids like, and play with alot
Tina P.
Oxford, OH
Get an alert when we add new styles of SwimWays! Simply sign up and we'll notify you.
Based in Virginia Beach, Virginia, SwimWays® is a privately owned leisure and recreational water products manufacturer whose mission is making free time more fun through innovation. It is a company rich in traditional values and respected for the quality and integrity of its products and services.
For over 35 years, SwimWays has been providing products that enhance the swimming experience of both children and adults. Its extensive research on toys and safety systems has led them to become one of the leading pool toy manufacturers.
With distribution in over 35,000 storefronts, it markets three unique brands: SwimWays®, Kelsyus® and Coop®. With offices in Hong Kong, Europe, and the United States, the company's diverse staff is passionate about developing fun and engaging products for kids. They are equally passionate about making sure kids are safe in and around the water and believe learning to swim is an important life skill.


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It's the perfect season to start making your own Frozen Pumpkin Spice Drinks! What better to do it with then a Blendtec Stealth Blender. Makes everything from Smoothies, Ice Cream Drinks, Coffee Drinks, to whatever you want blended.
It has a 3.8 Peak HP motor.
Runs off of 15 amps
Blends @ 1800 watts
Blends @ 1800 watts
This bad boy was specifically engineered to be ultra quiet so that you and your customers are not bothered with the loud noise of a regular blender.Check It Out Here: Blendtec STEALTHWS-CQB1 1,800 watt Countertop STEALTH Blender


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$28,635 – $33,611 Invoice
16 / 21 MPG City/Hwy
Enter your information and a representative will contact you for this 2011 Subaru Tribeca !
The Tribeca is a midsize crossover SUV, and Subaru's largest model. It's a 7-seater that employs symmetrical all-wheel drive, and while it's built to stand up to rough weather and adverse road conditions, the Tribeca's size and maneuverability make it most at home in urban settings. The 2011 Subaru Tribeca carries over from the previous year.
The 3.6R Premium is the base trim of the 2011 Subaru Tribeca, and it features 18-inch alloy wheels, tri-zone automatic climate control, cruise control, keyless entry, automatic headlights, full power accessories (including heated power front seats), and a 6-speaker sound system. The Tribeca 3.6R Limited features leather upholstery for the first two rows, 10-speaker Harman Kardon sound system, and other enhancements. The Tribeca 3.6R Touring upgrades the wheels and adds roof rails, a sunroof, rearview camera (all available as options on the Limited trim), and xenon headlights. The 3.6R Touring models also have distinctive exterior paint and decoration. Both the 3.6R Limited and the 3.6R Touring trims may add a navigation system and/or a rear-seat entertainment system. On all Tribeca models, the second-row seats slide fore and aft 8 inches. With the rear seats folded down, cargo capacity for all Tribecas is 74 cubic feet, according to Subaru.
The 2011 Subaru Tribeca's standard power plant is a 256-horsepower, 3.6-liter, flat 6-cylinder engine that delivers 16 mpg in the city and 21 mpg on the highway, according to the EPA. It works with a 5-speed automatic transmission with manual sequential shift mode.
Standard safety features on the 2011 Subaru Tribeca include anti-lock brakes with brake assist, stability control with rollover sensor, traction control, active front head restraints, front side air bags, and full-length side curtain air bags. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) gave the Tribeca highest-possible "Good" ratings in frontal-offset and side-impact crash tests.
Starting MSRP for the 2011 Subaru Tribeca is $30,495.
|City/Hwy MPG
|3.6R Premium (A5)
|5 speed automatic
|256-hp / 3.6L 6-cyl
|3.6R Limited (A5)
|5 speed automatic
|256-hp / 3.6L 6-cyl
|3.6R Touring (A5)
|5 speed automatic
|256-hp / 3.6L 6-cyl


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- Black Star Rising - http://rising.blackstar.com -
For Photographers, the Future Is Storytelling
Posted By Jim Pickerell On November 23, 2010 @ 12:15 am In Visual Storytelling | 7 Comments
Most still photographers say their best pictures tell stories. To a limited degree, this is true. But photographers need to start thinking about more complete and complex stories, not just the best story they can tell in a single frame. This is where the opportunities lie.
Currently, there is such an abundance of single-frame stories, created by amateurs as well as professionals, that the market is saturated. It has become difficult to compete. Amateurs are taking a significant share of the market for this type of imagery.
Telling Customers' Stories
Some still photographers are reluctant to get into multimedia or video because they see amateurs producing videos for YouTube and expect the competition in that arena to be just as fierce as it is in the stills market. However, many of these videographers are either telling their own story, or not much of a story at all.
The key to success for the professional videographer — and there will be lots of growing demand for this — will be in finding customers who have a story they want told and telling that story effectively.
Here is one example of where demand will be: 80 percent of those who travel go online for travel information. Those who view a video online are 20 percent more likely to visit the destination. Will all types of vacation and travel facilities be anxious to tell their story with a video or multimedia presentation?
Multi-frame stories with sound, narration and sequence are much more complex to produce than a still image. Consequently, those who can produce such stories are likely to face less competition from amateurs.
The Evolution of the Picture Story
Fifty years ago a picture story was a 10- to 15-page epic in Life or Look, usually with brief captions, and maybe seven to 20 images. These stories gave the reader a larger understanding of a situation or event than any single image could convey.
Today, such still-photo picture stories have all but disappeared due to lack of space in print publications. Now, the pictures in magazines and newspapers are usually one shot supporting a long text piece.
There is a movement in the publishing business to show more still images related to a story on their websites, but the pictures and the text (other than captions) usually aren't directly connected. Some publications are also putting videos on their sites.
In some instances still pictures are very powerful, but seldom, if ever, will a single still image supply as much information as a sequence of images supported by sound, music and an appropriate verbal story.
An Unmet Demand
The only thing that is holding back an explosive demand for multimedia and video content is the ability of creative people to think in terms of telling stories rather than producing single images.
It was clear from the seminar offerings at last month's PhotoPlus Expo that many image producers are trying to learn more about video and multimedia. Most of the seminars on these subjects were packed.
By contrast, no one showed much interest in stock. There used to be a whole track on stock at PhotoPlus. This year there was one seminar and it was on microstock. On the trade show floor there was no evidence whatsoever of anything relating to stock photography.
One thing that came through loud and clear for anyone interested in getting into video was that it will not be an easy transition. It is not just a matter of buying new equipment. There is a lot to learn about storytelling that most of today's photographers have either forgotten or never learned.
A Different Mindset
Producing a multimedia or video story requires a totally different approach and mindset from that used by most still shooters.
When shooting for print, photographers tend to assess a situation, determine the prime or most important angle and ignore photographing any other aspect of the situation. Their focus is to capture single, exciting, dramatic moments in time.
After they have captured their "moment," someone else will write a story that may or may not closely relate to the photographer's moment.
With a multimedia or video story, words and imagery must support each other and be harmonious. At the outset, the photographer needs to have a clear understanding of the story that needs to be told and how the images will relate to and support the words, and vice versa.
In her PhotoPlus Expo presentation, Paula Lerner [2] pointed out that sound is at least as important as the images in any story. A story with so-so images and great sound will be fine. One with great images and so-so sound will likely lose viewers' interest.
Words and Images in Harmony
Lerner often does her interviews first, edits the audio and on commercial jobs gets approval of the audio before she starts shooting. Then she illustrates the audio story.
To understand more about how this is done, and where future demand lies, look at some of the stories [3] on the experiences of individual students that Paula produced and shot for Boston University Sargent College and BU Admissions.
Producing a story by doing the audio first isn't always possible, although Paula finds it preferable. Often it is necessary to shoot as the story develops. When working in this way, it is important to shoot wide, medium and close-up shots of every situation in order to have visuals that will cut with the audio and cover every aspect of the story thoroughly.
In multimedia stories, most images will only be seen for two or three seconds — sometimes less. If a sentence or a paragraph goes on for 10 or 15 seconds to make a certain point, it is necessary to have a variety of related images that amplify the point in order to hold the viewer's interest.
Because each image is viewed for such a short period of time, every image must be easy to read. Sequence becomes much more important than having an image that someone might examine in all its subtleties if it were displayed in print or on an art gallery wall.
This often means simpler images, each one showing a different aspect of the overall situation. When strung together properly, such a sequence can have more information-conveying power than any single still image. Appropriate images will also be needed when transitioning from one point to another in the audio.
Getting Started
Lerner suggests that still photographers start out by learning sound and editing and using stills for the visuals before moving to video. Shooting video with pans, dollies, follow focus and maybe a whole different type of lighting adds another whole level of complexity to the production that can easily overwhelm those just starting out.
Learning to put together a story, get quality sound and learning to use Final Cut Pro or other editing software is more than enough of a challenge for the beginning storyteller. Once you're comfortable with these skills, start adding video to your repertoire.
Some other sites that can provide insights into how stills can be used effectively in multimedia projects include:
7 Comments To "For Photographers, the Future Is Storytelling"
#1 Comment By SueSP On November 23, 2010 @ 5:36 pm
INSPIRING! Thank you for clear direction and challenging ideas.
#2 Comment By David Gross On November 24, 2010 @ 2:48 pm
I'm terribly disappointed at another article that is trying to trick photographers into believe that multimedia storytelling is currently a way to make money, as opposed to good ol' fashioned still photography. The very last paragraph says it all --- "Lerner says that editorial work is no longer a way to make money, but she does it to tell stories she feels strongly about."
Multimedia work is great, but editing and production add time and expense to what is already a difficult and expensive skill. I've been hearing for years that multimedia is the next big thing. Editors and salaried staff are all agog, but when asked what they would pay for a piece, I've been offered truly insulting rates across the board.
Mr. Pickerell, write us when you learn of someone who will pay a living rate for good editorial/documentary photography, in any form. Telling us to work even harder for nothing borders on insult.
#3 Comment By David Hancock On November 25, 2010 @ 1:51 am
David....It's hardly Jim's job to inform you how to make a living. Lerner obviously does this stuff because she enjoys getting her teeth into long term projects. Multi-media will obviously pay in the commercial arena. Personally I would sell to editorial outlets but create my own.
#4 Comment By Kelvin On November 28, 2010 @ 7:03 pm
Excellent post Jim. You have hit the nail on the head. So much has been written on the demise of photojournalism. But its time for people to stop complaining and look for the positive in what is happening. These are exciting times. New technologies are opening up many new avenues for photojournalists to make a living. I believe multimedia is a big part of this. Check out [7] in the UK. They produce some amazing work in this area and have a very popular blog showcasing what is happening in this field.
#5 Comment By Amanda On November 29, 2010 @ 10:44 am
Pickerell and Beatte Latte - what's the opposite of prescient?
#6 Comment By David Gross On November 29, 2010 @ 7:14 pm
Moreover, I do see iPad books and electronic distribution as possible outlets, so my cynicism is not complete. As someone who has been working on photo-audio pieces for a long time, purely because I like the form, I do agree with the spirit of Jim's post, even if I did choose to whinge about the marketability of the product.
#7 Comment By Owen Luck On May 8, 2011 @ 10:59 am
The most difficult photograph to make is the single frame that accomplishes a successful narrative. With the glut of BFA/MFA wanna-bees that are generated by the "education" mills there are more shooters, and far less talent. All this playing into the hands of the destructive post modern influence, the Decisive Moment is rarely achieved.
Having said that photography is evolving into a different method of visual expression and ultimately the market place more involved and interested in profit than excellence snags whatever image is available and undermines the financial value of professional photojournalists. So, we want reality tv photojournalism. It is cheaper.
Article printed from Black Star Rising: http://rising.blackstar.com
URL to article: http://rising.blackstar.com/for-photographers-the-future-is-storytelling.html
URLs in this post:
[1] Tweet: https://twitter.com/share
[2] Paula Lerner: http://www.lernerphoto.com/
[3] look at some of the stories: http://www.lernerphoto.com/content.html?page=1
[4] MediaStorm: http://www.mediastorm.com/pub/projects.html
[5] 1 in 8 Million: http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/nyregion/1-in-8-million/index.html?scp=1-spot&sq=1%20in%208%20million&st=cse
[6] The Women of Kabul: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/world/interactives/afghanistanwomen/
[7] : http://duckrabbit.info/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2010 Black Star Rising. All rights reserved.


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The Morris campus contracts out maintenance support for a variety of different computer equipment.
What kind of Equipment can be placed under Maintenance Contract?
- desktop computers and laptops
- keyboards
- mouses
- monitors
- speakers
- printers
- scanners
Maintenance Contract FAQ
- Should I add my equipment to the Campus Maintenance Contract?
- All units on campus are encouraged to include their technology equipment in the campus maintenance contract. Doing so will ensure that your computer is repaired quickly in the event of a physical failure.
- What happens if my equipment fails and it is not covered by the contract?
- If your equipment is not covered by the maintenance contract and is not under warranty your unit will be responsible for arranging and paying for any repairs necessary for the equipment.


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Awards season is kicking off this week, with the one-two punch of the People's Choice Awards and the Golden Globes, and we are giddy with anticipation. And no, not to see our favorite movies and TV shows collect some hardware as their stars and creators thank their agents — c'mon, you know us better than that. We watch for those magical unscripted moments that happen thanks to someone pre-partying a little too hard, or, in the case of the Globes, hitting that free bubbly at the tables (Glenn Close GIF, we love you forever). It's a magical thing that happens to stars big (Liz Taylor!) and small (aw, Lil Mama), at all kinds of kudosfests. Here we're counting down our 10 favoritesssst munk droments:
10. Meryl Streep Thinks Of England, 2012 Golden Globe Awards
After winning Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama for The Iron Lady, the revered thespian — who's won a few of these things before — appeared extremely flustered onstage. "Oh, shhhhhhhh…. Oh, my glasses," she said, and attempted to give her speech by memory. She was still awesome and gracious, of course, but also even more lovable for her slightly tipsy appearance.
9. Queen Latifah Rescues Renee Zellweger, 2013 Oscars
For last year's musical-themed show, the cast of Chicago reunited to present the award for Best Original Score. Visibly swaying on her feet, Renee seemed confused when Richard Gere held up the envelope for her to read the winner, but Queen Latifah swiftly jumped in. Phew! It made us think back fondly to the time Zellweger almost missed getting her Golden Globe in 2001 'cause she was in the bathroom.


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Once again, there is good news and bad news for some of our HTC Hero owners who've been stuck with Android 1.5 for nearly a year now. The good news is that HTC has finally brought the upgrade to Android 2.1 out for the phone. The bad news is that it's only for the Taiwanese HTC Hero.
HTC is beginning their over the air process to get this update pushed out to all Taiwanese Hero owners. The software version will be dubbed 3.31.751.1 and will be the same Android 2.1 that many are now currently enjoying on other Sense-enabled HTC phones. While there's no word on an update for other regions yet, this is a good sign that you guys won't be far behind.
[HTC Taiwan via Engadget]
Continue reading:
- HTCDev Unlocks The Bootloaders For A Couple O
- HTC Hero Receiving Minor Update Fixing Peep T
- HTC Hero for Sprint Receives a Maintenance Up
- Cox Wireless Provides New Carrier Option with
TAGS: HTC Hero


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With the Patriots still dealing with the aftershock of the Logan Mankins trade, Tom E. Curran joined SportsNet Central to discuss which Patriots stars could be out the door in the near future.
"These things happen like the plates on the earth," explained Curran. "Slowly, slowly, slowly, then they give way once a contract gets too fat, once a cap hit doesn't match up to what projected and performance is."
With Jimmy Garoppolo in the fold - and playing well - Curran discusses what it will be like if the team decides to part ways with Tom Brady.
"While he currently holds low-ish salary cap numbers," he said. "Jimmy Garoppolo has been drafted. Jimmy Garoppolo performed well. Do the Patriots want two years of Jimmy Garoppolo sitting there? Or two years?
"Now I think you look at that and say, boy when Tom Brady goes it probably won't be at the end of his contract as a free agent, it will be a point that the Patriots say, 'you know what, time to move him out.' It will come like a meteor."
Vince Wilfork recently restructured his deal with the Patriots, something Logan Mankins reportedly wasn't willing to do.
"I think Vince and Bill Belichick and the Patriots organization is very much understanding of this being a business proposition. When it ends it will very much be, 'well, we saw that coming.'"


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Shows how to use SketchBook Pro's powerful tools and unique marking menu interface to make digital drawing and painting a natural experience.
"The tutorials are so clear, precise, and extremely professional. This is definitely my preferred learning style. It makes learning a pleasure." —Margaret L.
more from our members »


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Gloucester's Jamie Irie tops the reggae charts
Posted: February 05, 2014|
Reggae artist Jamie Irie has reached number one in a specialised chart with his new album.
The 48-year-old released Nah Give Up earlier this month and is delighted to have seen it move from number eight to one in the charts.
He said: "It is just absolutely fantastic. I just think it is amazing and I never expected it to do so well.
"I found out last night and Facebook has gone crazy, it was just lighting up. This is my second time around at trying to crack music.
"Stars are only someone because people support them. Without her fans Beyoncé could be doing dishes.
"I am only as good as those who support me and I need to support from my own people.
"If everyone just brought one track, it would be amazing to see how well it could do."
Jamie worked on the album throughout 2012 and earlier last year dedicated it to his brother, Mark Saysell, who died of cancer in 2012.
It has reached number one in the Juno download sales chart of 'roots reggae, lovers rock and one drop' category.
He has knocked Total Reggae: Dancehall into second spot on the chart, featuring King Kong, Gregory Peck, Shabba Ranks and Half Pint with his floor filler - Tarzan.
During the 1990s Jamie worked with Shaggy and Elephantman.


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The present invention is a method for seaming a polyimide material. The method involves forming an interface between multiple the polyimide materials. Next, heat is applied to the interface to soften the polyimide material. The temperature of the heat source is below the melting point of the polyimide material. Finally, pressure is applied to the interface to create a seam between the polyimide materials.
1. A method for seaming a polyimide material to a second material, comprising:
forming an interface between the polyimide material and the second material, where the second material is different than the polyimide material;
applying heat to the interface to soften the polyimide material and the second material, where the heat is above the glass transition temperature of the polyimide material and the second material;
applying pressure to the interface such that molecules of the polyimide material and the second material diffuse across the interface; and
applying a reflective coating to at least one of the polyimide material and the second material.
2. The method of
3. The method of
1. Field of the Invention
2. Background Art
Thin film polyimides are commonly used on satellites and other space flight equipment. They are typically thin polymer films with an applied reflective metallized evaporative coating. These films are used as solar shields, solar concentrators, solar sails, etc. A reflective membrane may be used to protect orbital structures and equipment such as satellites from direct exposure to solar radiant flux. Alternatively, a reflective membrane may be used to concentrate solar energy on equipment such as a solar panel that powers a satellite.
Sheets of film are often seamed together to make a larger thin film sheet. However, the films are usually 2 mils thick or less and the material used is sensitive to mechanical tears and contamination. Welding had not traditionally been used because polyimides and other similar polymeric materials do not possess a definite established melting point. The materials also decompose rapidly if heated to their melting point which makes conventional welding techniques impractical.
Prior art techniques of seaming include bonding the materials with am adhesive or alternatively employing a mechanical fastener. However, adhesive seaming is messy and prone to contamination. Additionally, adhesives such as acrylic or silicon lose mechanical strength at low temperatures. A mechanical fastener, such as stitching with thread, is prone to tearing especially if single layers of materials are seamed together. Consequently, a method for effectively seaming thin film polyimides is needed.
In some aspects, the invention related to a method for seaming a polyimide material, comprising; forming an interface between a plurality of bodies comprising the polyimide material; applying heat to the interface to soften the polyimide material, where the heat is below the melting point of the polyimide material; and applying pressure to the interface.
In other aspects, the invention relates to a method for seaming a polyimide material, comprising: step for forming an interface between a plurality of bodies of polyimide material; and step for applying hear and pressure to the interface to form a diffusion weld.
In other aspects, the invention relates to a method for seaming a polyimide material to a second material, comprising; forming an interface between the polyimide material and the second material, where the heat is below the melting point of the polyimide material and the second material; and applying pressure to the interface.
In other aspects, the invention relates to a method for seaming a polyimide material to a second different material, comprising; step for forming an interface between the polyimide material and the second different material; and step for applying heat and pressure to the interface to form a diffusion weld.
Other aspects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the appended claims.
It should be noted that identical features in different drawings are shown with the same reference numeral.
A method for thermally seaming thin film polyimides has been developed. Examples of thin film polyimides include pyromellitic dianhydride/oxydianiline PMDA/ODA) (Kapton�, 2,2′-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride/2,2′-bis-[4(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane (6FDA/4BDAF) (CP1), and other similar polymeric materials. The method includes the application of heat and pressure to thermally fuse two layers of material together. The method produces a weld called a "diffusion weld" that is acceptably strong and effective under a wide range of temperature conditions. The method is effective in seaming ultra thin polymer materials that may have a thickness of less than 5 microns.
"Diffusion welding" involves joining polyimides by applying heat and pressure for a defined period of time. This results in a plastic flow of material at the interface between the two bodies of materials. The plastic flow removes, agglomerates, or buries surface contaminants while bringing the bodies into intimate contact by flattening surface asperites. The molecules of the material are diffused and repositioned across the interface of the bodies until the interface becomes indistinct and energy is required to separate the bodies.
In order for diffusion welding to occur, the edges of the sheet of polyimide to be seamed (called a "faying surface") must be heated a suitable bonding temperature. Polyimides have a distinct glass transition temperature (Tg) where the material softens and distorts. The suitable bonding temperature for diffusion welding is slightly higher than Tg. Once heated, pressure is added to the faying surface in order to promote diffusion of the softened material across the interface of the bodies.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the polyimide materials are heated by contact with a heating tool that also applied pressure to the faying surfaces.
Most welds of materials with a non-zero coefficient of thermal expansion have differential shrinkage distortion of the joined bodies upon cooling. This is the result of temperature gradients which are characteristic in practically all welding techniques. In seaming thin film membranes for applications such as solar sails, this distortion is undesirable. It can be reduced by locally tensioning the membrane bodies in the vicinity of the weld during the welding process. When the tension is released, the local residual compression stress tends to counteract the local residual tensile stresses that result form the weld.
The examples shown in
While the present invention has been described as for seaming two similar polyimide materials, the methods disclosed can also be used to seam two dissimilar materials. For example, the various embodiments could be used to seam a polyimide with a different polyimide material such as seaming Kapton�and CP1 together. Other embodiments may involve seaming a polyimide to any of the following: polyamides (Nylon); polyesters (PEN or PET/Mylar); polyamide imide (PAI/Torlon); polyether keytone (PEK); polyether ketone ketone (PEKK); polyether ether keytone (PEEK); polyether imide (PEI); polyphenylene sulfide (PPS); polyether sulfone (PES); and poluphenylene (Parmax). These materials are given as examples of alternative materials that may be used in combination with polyimides. It should be understood that other materials know in the art with the similar performance characteristics could be used as well.
While these embodiments show a single device that provides both heat and pressure to the interface, it should be understood that alternative embodiments could use multiple devices to provide these as desired. Further, the temperatures and pressured applied will depend on the specific characteristics of each material. However, it is common for the suitable bonding temperature to exceed 500� F. yet still now reach the melting point of the material. If two dissimilar materials, such as a polyimide and non-polyimide, are being bonded then the non-polyimide should be heated to a lesser temperature than the polyimide. One way this may be accomplished is by placing a heat source directly on the polyimide while placing the non-polyimide underneath the polyimide to avoid direct contact with the heat source.
One advantage of the present invention is that a seam created by the disclosed invention exhibits decreased tear propagation at the seam points. Another advantage is that the present invention eliminates the need for adhesives to join the two materials. This prevents thermal deformations due to inherent differences in the CTE (co-efficient of thermal expansion) of the materials and the adhesive. This can be a problem at lower temperatures when the modulus of the adhesive tends to increase. Another advantage is that characteristic conductivity of conductive materials such as carbon-filled Kapton is retained at the seaming point.
While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments can be devised which do not depart from the scope of the invention as disclosed here. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Gear Review
Best Goggles I have ever owned
I have the brat goggles with the persimmon lenses. They rock!! I have always had trouble finding goggles to fit my smaller face and these were great. My other goggles have all fogged up - no matter what i tried to make them not fog up. These didn't fog up once. The persimmon lenses made everything so clear and all the terrain was easy to see. I was skiing in and out of shadows, into bright sun light and ever once did I have an issue with clarity. I love them and have recommended them to others that are looking for a great goggle.
View More Details on Spy Bias Goggle


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Doctor's Orders
"Pack it Light, Wear it Right" is the American Occupational Therapy Association's (AOTA) advice to the more than 40 million students returning to school. As part of National School Backpack Awareness Day, AOTA wants to educate parents, teachers and students about the proper weight and fit of school backpacks to avoid health problems.
Carrying too much weight or improperly wearing backpacks can cause neck, shoulder, and back pain, and can compromise posture and breathing. In one study, 6 out of 10 American students ages 9 to 20 reported chronic back pain related to heavy backpacks.
AOTA offers 10 tips to backpack safety:
1. Never let a child carry more than 15 percent of his or her body weight. This means a child who weighs 100 pounds should not wear a backpack heavier than 15 pounds.
2. Load heaviest items closest to the child's back. Arrange books and materials to prevent them from sliding.3. Always wear both shoulder straps. Wearing only one strap can cause a child to lean to one side, curving the spine and causing pain or discomfort.
4. Select a pack with well-padded shoulder straps. Too much pressure on shoulders and the neck can cause pain and tingling.
5. Adjust the shoulder straps so that the pack fits snugly to the child's back. The bottom of the pack should rest in the curve of the lower back, never more than four inches below the child's waistline.
6. Wear the waist belt, if the backpack has one, to help distribute the pack's weight more evenly.
7. Check what your child carries to school and brings home to make sure the items are necessary for the day's activities.
8. If the backpack is too heavy, consider using a book bag on wheels if your child's school allows it.
9. Choose the right size pack for your child's back as well as one with enough room for necessary school items.
10. If a student is experiencing back pain or neck soreness, consult your doctor or occupational therapist.
1. National Backpack Awareness Day. The American Occupational Therapy Association.


text: Prev | Next Purchase this photo Billy Summers/The Putnam Herald The walkers round the first turn at Valley Park on Saturday morning, Oct. 20, 2012, during the inaugural Scott Teays Elementary School Spooktacular 5K Run. Gallery: Putnam in Pictures, Friday, Oct. 26 Oct. 26, 2012 @ 04:17 PM 2012/The Herald-Dispatch Did you miss something in Putnam County this week? Chances are, one of our photographers was there. ()


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Death squads act with impunity in Mexico
After the brutal massacre of 16 youngsters between the age of 15 and 20 last week in Ciudad Juarez, residents of the most heavily militarised city in Mexico are asking the authorities how this could happen. One distraught citizen said in a television interview "We don't have anyone to defend us or look after us, we pay taxes for all the police and military to come to the city but they are only decoration." As of march 2009 there were 7500 federal police and soldiers in Juarez, the city with the highest murder rate in the world.
Early on Sunday morning about 16 men carrying high powered rifles arrived in four vehicles at a house party in which many college students were socialising. According to reports the gunmen first opened fire outside the house, then moved inside killing indiscriminately and leaving the residence, which only ten minutes before was filled with happy youngsters, resembling a slaughterhouse (see video).
Citizens of Ciudad Juarez are familiar to such bloodshed however this incident has caused uproar as accusations and hostility have been directed at the government for allowing this to happen. A group appeared on Facebook called "I Condemn the Massacre in Juarez." The President Felipe Calderon has sparked even more anger by attributing the massacre to a gang feud, which the parents of the victims firmly deny. "I can assure you my nephews were good kids, students. My nephews weren't into drugs, they didn't belong to any gang," an Aunt of two of the victims said in an interview. On Thursday more controversy was sparked when authorities detained a man who was paraded in front of television cameras and claimed to be a lookout for the killers and that he was acting on behalf of the Juarez Cartel who were targeting members of a gang called the Artistic Assassins linked to the Sinaloa Cartel. However many claim that the individual is being used as a scapegoat and a cover up. Subsequently the video of the interview has been removed by many news websites.
Human Rights Organizations have stated that paramilitary death squads are operating in Ciudad Juarez with impunity to intimidate the population and carry out "social cleansing". Cipriana Jurado is one of the few activists that denounce police and military violence who has not been assassinated yet. She states that the killings in Ciudad Juarez are not so much a result of confrontations between drug gangs but are killings perpetrated against the population. Cipriana highlights last week's massacre as proof that the militarization is not working. "How could no one detect four vehicles with heavily armed men inside?"
For the last three years that the military has been used in a law enforcement role in Juarez there have been many accusations of torture, forced disappearances, sexual violence and assassinations of community leaders and human rights defenders by military officers. According to Mrs Jurado killings have increased since the arrival of the military, as well as kidnapping, robbery and extortion. In January 2010, Josefina Reyes a leading human rights activist and colleague of Mrs Jurado, was shot dead by hitmen near Ciudad Juarez. Despite the dangers involved in denouncing the military by the end of June 2009, almost 2,000 complaints of abuse by the military had been received by the National Human Rights Commission in Mexico since the start of 2008. The few that are taken forward are dealt with in virtually closed military courts where victims and their relatives have no access to information or status on which they can challenge judicial or court proceedings.
The citizens of Ciudad are in an increasingly hopeless situation, stuck in the crossfire between violent drug gangs and corrupt authorities and security forces that act with impunity. A distraught family member of one of the victims stated in reference to the military "Supposedly they are here to defend us, but they are not doing anything, everyone wants them to do something, to defend us, this is why they came". Police corruption and inefficiency is well known in Juarez and over the past ten years there have been 400 sex-related homicides of women, without any perpetrators being brought to justice.
The citizens of Ciudad Juarez know that their city is strongly infiltrated by drug cartels, however what seems remarkable to them is the lack of success of the police and military. Those higher up in the drug trade seem to be protected within the corrupt political system. The government frequently holds press conferences to parade people who have been arrested in the drug war in front of the camera; however these people are often just small scale soldiers in the drug war and can easily be replaced.
The city of Juarez is as much a human tragedy as it is a government failure. It is a city where the people who can move away do while those that can't live their daily lives in fear of violence. The citizens of Juarez's have now lost any previous faith in the authorities stopping the bloodshed. Mexicans have a strong sense of national sovereignty however they are now calling on the UN to send in peacekeepers. One business executive stated, "We have seen the U.N. peacekeepers enter other countries that have a lot fewer problems than we have."


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Their mamas must have told them if they couldn't say anything nice, they shouldn't say anything at all.
When it comes to the City for Champions - a proposal backed by Mayor Steve Bach for four major tourism projects - the Colorado Springs City Council officially remains silent. The council will not endorse the city's proposal as two neighboring cities, Monument and Manitou Springs, have done.