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Posts from UK
Hannah Brown's Cozy Collection
House Tour
Name: Hannah Brown of Hannah Brown Interiors
Location: Bishopston, Bristol, United Kingdom
Size: 1991 square feet
Years lived in: 4 years
Hannah Brown's home has a distinctly English charm that seems entirely appropriate to a Victorian townhouse. But this family home is anything but stuffy. By combining antiques with more modern pieces — in particular, a few well-chosen light fixtures — she's created a mix that's fresh, but respectful of the home's history.
Stephen Turner's Amazing Exbury Egg
House Tour
Name: Stephen Turner
Location: The Beaulieu River; Hampshire, UK
Size: 6 meters long, 3.6 meters wide
Years lived in: 9 months
At the head of a creek somewhere in the South of England, a weird and wonderful structure bobs up and down on the tide. It is a giant wooden egg, polished smooth by the wind until it shines like silver. A round window on the top and a hatch on the side are the only clues that this may be something more than an otherworldly sculpture dropped down in a remote salt marsh. In fact, somebody actually lives here — British artist Stephen Turner.
Lesley and Pea's "Keep it Wonky" Studio
Creative Workspace Tour
Name: Lesley Greening Lassoff and Pea Crabtree of Aardvark
Location: Hastings Old Town, Sussex, UK
Size: "It's one room in an old brewery."
Years worked in: 6 years in business and 3 years in this studio
Step inside the wonderfully wonky world of Lesley and Pea, creators of old-style letterpress prints, enthusiastic tea drinkers, and champions of all that is homemade, folksy, imperfect and authentic. Their studio in a former brewery in Hastings Old Town — a jumble of crooked houses and twisting lanes — is a world away from the tacky seafront arcades nearby. Here, they mix up inks, assemble vintage typeface, and crank out their manifestos on an ancient Vandercook printing press. Come take a look!
Dundee Contemporary Arts Shop
Store Profile
Dundee Contemporary Arts is a thriving art and design center in the unassuming city of Dundee, at the heart of Scotland. The Dundee art scene is a quietly rumbling force to be reckoned with, and it's gaining momentum by the minute. It feels like one of those secrets that you're the last to find out about. At the hub of all the action is DCA — an incredible, sprawling, open space housing a cinema, restaurant, bar, print workshops, art exhibitions, creative spaces, a packed schedule of courses and events, and the recently-renovated DCA shop full of quirky, design-led pieces and fabulous original work by local creatives.
Jane's Patterned Family Pad in London
House Tour
Name: Jane and Alex Bonsor, and children Cosmo, Hope and Albert
Location: Notting Hill, London, United Kingdom
Size: 2,600 square feet
Years lived in: 2 years; Owned
A black-and-white-tiled entrance is typical of many houses in London, and a charming design signature of this city. In the case of Jane Bonsor's Notting Hill home, however, it also gives a clue as to what you'll find inside: a whole lot of bold pattern.
Cassandra Belanger at The Stitchery Studio, Glasgow
Workspace Tour
Name: Cassandra Belanger Macindoe, The Stitchery
Location: West End; Glasgow, Scotland
Size: 250 square feet
Years lived in: 2 1/2 years; Rented
Cassandra runs The Stitchery Studio, a creative sewing space, from the Victorian tenement flat she shares with her husband, Matthew, and their four year old son, August. Together they adopt a 'make do and mend' attitude that extends far beyond Cassandra's latest darning project.
Meet the Maker: Maria & Ekaterina Yaschuk of Meystyle
Sisters Maria and Ekaterina Yaschuk work together in a South London studio, designing and creating stunning LED and crystal encrusted wallpapers and fabrics for their company Meystyle. They do everything in house, from the initial concepts and hand drawn designs to the printing, additional hand painting, and application of tiny lights and crystals.
Wilfryd's Bright, Colorful Room
My Room
Name: Wilfryds
Location: Bristol, UK
Both my boyfriend Tom and I love color, so it was a great excuse to use lots of it when our son Wilf was born. We are big fans of vintage items but also love IKEA for bright Scandinavian prints.
Chloe's Stylish West London Home
House Tour
Name: Chloe Macintosh of Made.com, her husband Alastair Macintosh, and their sons Felix and Elliott
Location: Fulham; London, UK
Size: 3,800 square feet
Years lived in: 3 years; owned
Chloe Macintosh's West London home is a light-filled oasis, a world away from the mid-winter gloom outside. It has a glamorous, 1960s jet set vibe, and the giant Slim Aarons poolside photographs set a mood of relaxed elegance. Much of the furniture is from Chloe's own company, Made.com, which she set up after leaving her job as an architect. Other pieces are sourced from London, Paris and India.
Shopping in London: January Furniture Sales & Events
If you live in the United Kingdom, January and July are the best months to buy furniture. There are amazing deals to be had on timeless design pieces, and it isn't just about ex-display and slightly damaged furniture anymore. Here is a roundup of sales at some of our favorite furniture shops:


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Updated May 29, 2013 - 7:44 am
Fan slaps Beyonce on backside during concert in Copenhagen
Beyonce was performing in Copenhagen while on her "Mrs. Carter Show" tour, when a fan in the crowd decided to reach on stage and slap the singer on her backside.
For obvious reasons, the 31-year-old singer didn't take it well.
"I will have you escorted out of here," Beyonce yelled in the microphone towards the disrespectful fan.
Another fan in the audience managed to capture the incident on camera and, as you would expect, the video went viral online.

subset: commoncrawl


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Most Popular in:
New in Innovation (page 44 of 53)
Aug 29, 2011 | 04:17 PM CDT
Leslie Blodgett to Speak at ICMAD Young Designer Awards
Taking place in New York on September 21, the awards honor young beauty packaging designers.
Aug 26, 2011 | 03:48 PM CDT
Beauty for All: The Future of Prestige at Mass
By: Alison Aidlin, Elizabeth Del Pozo, Devin Homse…
This white paper from students in the cosmetics and fragrance marketing and management masters degree program at the Fashion Institute of Technology envisions the future of the prestige beauty category in the mass retail channel.
Aug 26, 2011 | 03:07 PM CDT
Naturals & Cosmeceuticals at Mass
By: Stephanie Dishart, Pei Wong, Tanja Lindermeier…
This white paper from students in the cosmetics and fragrance marketing and management master's degree program at the Fashion Institute of Technology discusses moving ahead in the categories of natural beauty and cosmeceuticals in the mass retail environment.
Aug 26, 2011 | 02:49 PM CDT
Fashion & Beauty at Mass
By: LaShada Allen, Asha Daniels, Corey Reese, Mela…
This white paper from students in the cosmetics and fragrance marketing and management master's degree program at the Fashion Institute of Technology investigates the melding of fashion and beauty in the mass retail channel.
Aug 24, 2011 | 01:50 PM CDT
Sustainable Fragrances 2011: the Age of Transparency
By: Jeb Gleason-Allured
From field to store shelf, the fragrance industry faces ongoing ingredient sourcing and disclosure challenges, leading to ramifications for the scented components of beauty brands, and particularly those seeking more green aspects.
Aug 23, 2011 | 04:17 PM CDT
Edible Perfume Melds Flavor and Fragrance
By: Abby Penning
Ingredient company Beneo pairs with a Bulgarian confectionery company Alpi to create a rose-scented candy.
Aug 23, 2011 | 04:13 PM CDT
The Scent of the Stars
By: Abby Penning
Eurofragance develops the fragrance of outer space.
Aug 03, 2011 | 08:25 AM CDT
Lauder Names New Executive VP
Carl Haney to head global R&D, product innovation and package development; company cites leader's passion for innovation and extensive knowledge of locally relevant product development.
Jul 13, 2011 | 09:42 AM CDT
From Inspiration to Innovation
By: Lisa Doyle
Experts reveal what makes a new ingredient "one to watch" in skin care.
Jul 05, 2011 | 09:34 AM CDT
ICMAD Honors Beauty Products, Packaging, Advertising Efforts at CITY Awards
At the organization's 7th annual awards event, beauty brands were honored for their innovative products, packaging developments and advertising campaigns.


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Assistive Listening Devices
The DPRC provides assistive listening devices (ALDs) which may be useful for those with sufficient residual hearing to make use of auditory amplification. Each unit consists of two parts, a transmitter with a microphone--which the instructor wears--and a receiver, which is used with a headset, neckloop or other attachment which the student wears. The units run on rechargeable batteries. In most cases, the unit is loaned to registered students on a semester basis. For more information, please read about assistive listening devices.
Useful tips are available on how to use ALDs effectively for academic and non-academic purposes.
|A lightweight portable transmitter with a lapel microphone attached
|A lightweight metallic headset with retractable earpieces
|A lightweight magnetic cord that is worn around the neck.


text: Association: – Decomposition & insignificance. Degradation & irrelevance. Disintegration & unimportance. Question: – Where in my life I am prepared to assert myself? In general: In its basic meaning, the worm can stand for the penis. Depending on the gender of the dreamer and his attitude toward sexuality, the worm may be perceived as threatening. Worm stands for sexual and other impulses, which can even reject them as lo…Continue reading →


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Designed for cutting edge elite high performance skiers, the revolutionary all new NANO™ features advanced new nano carbon fiber and resin consruction technology for an even lighter, stronger, faster, and more effortless skiing ski.
A revolutionary first, the NANO™ features exclusive Twist Dual Rocker Technology.™ A rotational twist is built into the tip and tail optimizing the turning point for both on-side and off-side turns for more efficient speed, less effort and less fatigue. It is simply easier to ski.
Features and Benefits:
• Nano Carbon Fiber and resin material construction
+ Higher strength-to-weight ration
+ Lighter and stiffer than traditional carbon fiber
+ Higher energy, lighter, stronger and faster
• Twist Dual Rocker Technology™ twist in both tip and tail
+ Optimized turning points for both on-side and off-side turns
+ Smoother on-side and off-side turns
+ More efficient speed and precise control
+ Easy, effortless, ski with less fatigue
• Asymmetrical™ right foot or left foot forward options
• Exclusive Power Shell Boots or Universal Power Plate with Inter-Loc™ only
• Available in Classic, Mid Ride and Wide Ride shapes
• Custom hand-made in the USA
• 30-day money back guarantee
• 5-year limited warranty


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Thu July 25, 2013
George H.W. Bush Shaves Head In Support Of Ill Toddler
By editor
Originally published on Thu July 25, 2013 7:58 am
Good morning. I'm Renee Montagne. Former President George H.W. Bush has a new summer 'do. He shaved his head to show support for the son of one of his Secret Service agents. Two-year-old Patrick lost his hair from leukemia treatments. Bush and his wife lost a three-year-old daughter to leukemia nearly 60 years ago. A photo just released shows Patrick perched on Bush's knee with matching bald heads, blue shirts, and khakis. Bill Clinton tweeted: 41, you look great. It's MORNING EDITION. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Also forgot to mention..instructions say to cut 4 traces on the clip too? Is that required too? thanks
I have a Wasabi V-5 with clip and my chipset is a D2B. In reading installation instructions which there are several....some say to solder the F points and other do not. They also say to solder the Grd to V3V and A to B. Other instructions and posts say that for my console, I don't solder the F points, only bridge the D2B points and bridge the USA points? Can someone give me some guidance? thanks
Also forgot to mention..instructions say to cut 4 traces on the clip too? Is that required too? thanks
Oh and one more note....from checking my chipset on the website it appears I have cut pins so if someone could let me know if/how that affects my install, thanks
Check out the instructions on the Wii-Clip site, that may answer your questions.
WII-CLIP for WIIKEY,D2CKEY,D2CPRO,ARGON,D2PRO ......
Ok thanks and I have checked out those instructions but others say NOT to link the F points. Also I don't have to worry or do anything about the pins being cut on my chipset?
You will need to link the F point to the board for it to work on your d2b. If you have a NTSC- USA system you will need to bridge jumper 1. You will also need to cut the 4 traces if you are using a v5 clip.
Last edited by Spyman; 09-11-2008 at 09:59 PM.
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Tailored Fam
Slammed Society brought many groups of people from all over. One group that stuck out was Tailored Fam from Utah. These guys reminded me of how it used to be rolling deep, kicking it, chillin, with good vibes all around. They drove all the way down to the city of Sin to see the city. I'm super impressed by this crew, Be on the lookout for these guys!
+ http://www.facebook.com/TAILOREDS
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DOPENESS!!!! I MISS THE DAYS WHEN i USE TO ROLL OUT WITH THE HOMIES


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Submitted to: Riparian and Watershed Management in the Interior Northwest
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: September 12, 1998
Publication Date: N/A
Technical Abstract: Long-term landscape-scale research is fundamental to full understanding of hydrologic processes and dynamic relationships over broad spatial and temporal scales. The Northwest Watershed Research Center(NWRC) and Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW)were established in 1960, to conduct research addressing water supply, flooding, and erosion in rangelands where seasonal snow and frozen soil conditions strongly influence hydrologic regime. The Reynolds Creek basin (RCEW) in the Owyhee Mountains 70km south of Boise, Idaho, was selected as an outdoor hydrologic laboratory for the mountainous rangelands of the interior Pacific Northwest, reasonably representing a landscape with high relief and diversity of geology, soils, aspect, vegetation, and land use. The elevation range of RCEW is 1,098m to 2,254m. Mean annual precipitation varies from 23cm at the lowest elevation to over 110cm at the headwaters, where over 75 percent of annual precipitation comes as snow. An intensive precipitation and streamflow measurement network includes 18 dual-gauge precipitation sites, 5 comprehensive climate station, 7 snow courses, and 9 stream gaging stations within RCEW.


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Boca Raton, FL – January 30, 2012 — Campus Management Corp., a leading provider of enterprise software products and services for educational institutions, today announced that the University of Nebraska at Kearney will employ its Talisma® CRM solution to help more effectively communicate with current and prospective students and to help increase enrollment and graduation rates.
Initially, the undergraduate office of recruitment and admissions will utilize Talisma with the goal of increasing enrollment by at least 1.5 percent annually. Over time, the University plans to utilize the CRM across campus in other academic and student affairs departments to capitalize on recruitment and student success initiatives.
"Historically, the UNK undergraduate student population has been comprised primarily of Nebraska state residents; but as the demographics shift and there are fewer high school graduates, it's imperative for us to attract non-traditional students, including military personnel, single parents and minorities, as well as out-of-state students," said Dusty Newton, University of Nebraska at Kearney director of Admissions. "To meet this new challenge, it is essential that we employ a CRM solution with the flexibility and functionality that Talisma CRM offers."
"The University of Nebraska at Kearney has embraced the advantages Talisma CRM affords in terms of helping it meet recruitment goals, improve student success and retention, and increase graduation rates," said Timothy S. Gilbert, senior vice president and chief marketing officer of Campus Management Corp. "They will now be able to address each student through their preferred communication channel, with messages tailored specifically to them, and track these communications to help build stronger relationships before they even set foot on campus and throughout their time at UNK."
About Campus Management Corp.
More than 1,700 colleges, universities, foundations, and other organizations in 26 countries rely upon Campus Management Corp® enterprise software products and services. The CampusVue® Ecosystem is a vision for a fully integrated, centralized administrative and e-Learning platform that unifies services, academic delivery, administrative management, and reporting for the range of public, private, and proprietary postsecondary institutions. The ecosystem includes the CampusVue Student administrative system and CampusVue Portal solution, as well as Talisma® Constituent Relationship Management (CRM) and fundraising software.
CampusVue Student is used by 78 percent of the largest U.S.-based career and online colleges. Additional offerings include performance analytics software, financials, HR, and payroll solutions. Campus Management employs associates worldwide, providing clients with a full range of consulting, implementation, support, training, and integration services. For more information, visit www.campusmanagement.com.


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The Argentinian midfielder will spend the rest of the season in Serie A after starting just 10 Premier League games this term.
Faurlin is the latest in a line of players to leave Loftus Road this month as Harry Redknapp overhauls his squad ahead of a relegation battle.
Djibril Cisse and Anton Ferdinand are already out on loan, while Ryan Nelsen has left for the MLS and Kieron Dyer has been released.


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Now I am worried about Beiber thread.
This message board is only an archive. Click here to go to the current message board.
Now I am worried about Beiber thread.
I agree with Bluntie about Molly Ringwald being miscast as Fran. She wasn't right for the part, but she *can* act.
I'd love to see Goran Visnjic as Flagg.


text: The producers of Napoleon Dynamite return with this comedy about four geeky friends determined to save their favorite local hangout by reinventing the game of pool. Having already achieved some level of notoriety for their first invention, four ambitious inventors form an exclusive club of MENSA wannabes knows as the "Think Tank." The hangout of choice for these big-brained innovators is Jon's Pool Hall, a modest local gaming facility that is likely to be put out of business when the monolithic "Palace of Pool" opens its doors. Perhaps if these brainstorming geniuses can finally perfect the game of "frictionless pool" there may be a glimmer of hope for Jon's Pool Hall after all. ~ Jason Buchanan, Rovi


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News Summary: Morgan Stanley, tale of 2 bank units
(AP) - TALE OF TWO BANK UNITS: Morgan Stanley's first-quarter earnings and revenue slipped. Though they beat analysts' expectations, investors were disappointed and drove down the bank's stock price. Profit and revenue fell in the investment bank but jumped in wealth management. The bank is rejiggering its strategy to focus more on the latter.
THE INVESTMENT BANK: Brought in less revenue from trading bonds and commodities, and made less money on advising companies on mergers and acquisitions. Revenue from underwriting stock and bond offerings rose.
WEALTH MANAGEMENT: Generated more fees, and clients brought more assets to the bank. The pre-tax profit margin rose to its highest level since Morgan Stanley's wealth management group joined with Citigroup's Smith Barney in 2009.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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Career Options with Commerce Education
Educational career directly links with professional career. However in some cases it is not true but in most cases one who opts for a particular academic program wants to do jobs in that field. Hence the decision should be taken at the very beginning of the intermediate level. Students who have an interest in working with numbers, and enjoy reading and analyzing numerical data and who aspire to make a career in the financial and business world are ideally suited for commerce.
One who prefers Commerce as a field of study can make career in the following subjects. Please click on any of the following career options to know the details about that particular field.
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Carlson Labs, Cod Liver Oil Gems, Super 1000 mg, 100 Soft Gels
(Save Image)
Carlson Labs, Cod Liver Oil Gems, Super 1000 mg, 100 Soft Gels
(Save Image)
Expiration Date
The length of time for the expiration date or "best used before" date depends on the type of product, as well as the brand.
Perishable items (such as flax oils or certain probiotics) generally have shorter expiration dates. Although our warehouse is fully air-conditioned, these more fragile items are put in cold storage (freezer or refrigeration unit) for maximum freshness.
Our receiving department does its best to verify and then enter the correct expiration dates for all incoming products. However, discrepancies do occur from time to time. This being said, the exceptionally high turnover at iHerb ensures that our inventory is among the freshest in the industry.
Shipping Weight
The Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight (e.g. length, width & height) of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products (e.g. glass containers, liquids, fragile, refrigerated or ice packed) will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
This product is already in your Notification List.
This product is now in your Notification List.
This product is already in your Wish List.
This product is now in your Wish List.
Total: $17.59
Combo Discount: -$2.00
Together: $15.59
Product Overview
From the deep, pristine waters near Norway, Carlson provides the finest cod liver oil, naturally rich in EPA and DHA, and vitamins A and D. Ten (10) IU of Vitamin E has been added to each 1000 mg soft gel to protect the freshness of the oil.
Take one soft gel one to three times daily, At Mealtime.
Soft Gel Shell: Beef gelatin, glycerin, water.
Contains fish (cod).
Purity Guaranteed
This product is regularly tested (using AOAC international protocols) for freshness, potency and purity by an independent, FDA-registered laboratory and has been determined to be fresh, fully-potent and free of detrimental levels of mercury, cadmium, lead, PCB's and 28 other contaminants.
iHerb Customer Reviews


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A computer-implemented process for reducing category overlap obtains a set of source items and an initial set of item categories associated with the source items. An assessment of the overlap between different item categories in the initial set of item categories is used to selectively eliminate one or more item categories prior to presentation of the source items and associated categories to the user, thereby resulting in reduced overlap between the item categories presented. The resulting set of categories improves the ability of the user to efficiently and effectively access source items of interest, such as recommended items generated by a recommendation engine.
1. A computer-implemented method of facilitating the navigation of recommended items, the method comprising:
receiving, from a recommendation engine, an indication of a plurality of items selected by the recommendation engine to recommend to a user, said plurality of items selected by the recommendation engine based on information reflecting preferences of the user, each of the plurality of items being pre-assigned to at least one item category of a hierarchical browse structure;
determining, based on said pre-assigned categorizations, an initial set of item categories associated with the plurality of items, each of the item categories in the initial set being associated with one or more of the plurality of items;
selectively filtering out item categories from the initial set of item categories based at least in part on the degree to which particular item categories in the set overlap with other item categories in the set, to thereby create a subset of item categories to present to the user; and
providing, based on the created subset of item categories, a recommendations user interface that includes functionality for the user to navigate at least a portion of the plurality of items using the subset of item categories;
said method performed in its entirely by a computer system that comprises one or more computers.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. A computer system, comprising:
a recommendation engine configured to select a plurality of items to recommend to a user based on information regarding past behaviors of the user;
a category filtering system in communication with the recommendation engine, the category filtering system configured to determine an initial set of item categories associated with the plurality of items selected by the recommendation engine, and to selectively filter out item categories from the initial set of item categories based at least in part on the degree to which particular item categories in the set overlap with other item categories in the set, to thereby create a subset of item categories to present to the user; and
a server that provides a recommendations user interface that includes functionality for using the subset of item categories to interactively browse at least a portion of the plurality of items, said recommendations user interface omitting the filtered-out item categories.
12. The computer system of
13. The computer system of
14. The computer system of
15. The computer system of
16. The computer system of
17. The computer system of
18. Non-transitory computer storage comprising executable code that directs a computer system to perform a process that comprises:
receiving, from an items-of-interest engine, a representation of a set of source items identified as being of interest to a target user;
determining a set of item categories associated with said set of source items; and
selecting, from the set of item categories, a subset of item categories to use to present the set of source items to the target user, wherein selecting the subset of item categories comprises filtering out at least a first item category from the set based, at least in part, on a calculated measure of overlap between the first item category and one or more other item categories in said set.
19. The non-transitory computer storage of
20. The non-transitory computer storage of
21. The non-transitory computer storage of
22. The non-transitory computer storage of
23. The non-transitory computer storage of
24. The non-transitory computer storage of
25. The non-transitory computer storage of
26. The non-transitory computer storage of
An immense amount of information is being created and made available for users to access via electronic communications systems. Such information includes, for example, search result listings from search engines, the contents of electronic product catalogs, and postings on commercial blogs, personal blogs, and social networking sites. There is so much information available that it is impossible for an individual to read more than a tiny fraction of the whole.
To help address this problem, websites and other types of information systems often organize information into categories that are intended to facilitate a user's ability to navigate to and access the information of particular interest to a user. A blog discussing computer programming issues, for example, may provide access to the blog's postings through links to categories with descriptive names such as, "Java", "Ruby", "Ruby on Rails", "Artificial Intelligence", "Lisp", "Perl", "Python", "Web Applications", "AJAX", "Search", "Javascript", "Object Mapping", "Smalltalk", "Seaside", "Squeak", "Semantic Web" and "Data Mining." Likewise, e-commerce websites and other types of interactive systems may also implement recommendation services that recommend items stored or represented in a data repository. These services can operate, for example, by receiving an input list of items (possibly with associated item weights), and by outputting a ranked list of items that are deemed to be collectively similar or related to the input set. To assist a user (and potential buyer) of the e-commerce website, these recommended items may be organized into groups and presented to the user through descriptively named categories.
The categories presented to a user sometimes includes significant redundancy between the categories. For example, a posting from the illustrative computer programming blog mentioned above may be accessible via many different categories depending upon its content. Likewise, a recommended DVD from an e-commerce website may be accessible via several different categories presented to the user, the different categories reflecting different attributes of the DVD. The film "Blade Runner", for example, may be among a list of recommended items presented to the user via descriptively named categories. "Blade Runner" may be presented to the user through many different categories, such as the film genres "Science Fiction", "Action", "Thriller", and "Drama" and other categories such as "Harrison Ford" (the lead actor), "Ridley Scott" (the director), and "Philip K. Dick" (the author of the science fiction novel from which the screenplay was written).
The existence of redundancy in presenting information to a user can significantly hinder the ability of the user to efficiently locate and access the information of interest to the user. By presenting the same information to a user many times in different categories, a user reading through the categories is forced to spend time rereading information that he or she has already reviewed. Furthermore, the user is required to navigate through more entries (e.g. lists, links, scroll arrows, etc.) to access new and fresh information that may be of greater interest. This problem can become severe given the limited amount of space available to display information on common user interface displays. If the redundancy within different categories presented to a user is too onerous or annoying, the user may lose patience, become frustrated, and cease searching entirely.
Specific embodiments will now be described with reference to the drawings, which are intended to illustrate and not limit the various features of the invention.
Different computer-implemented processes will now be described for presenting to a user a subset of item categories that contain source items of interest to the user. As described below, the subset of item categories presented to the user comprises a portion of a larger, full set of overlapping item categories containing source items of interest to the user. By "overlapping", it is meant that some or all of the item categories share source items in common. The processes discussed below provide methods for selectively filtering out certain item categories so as provide to the user, after filtering, with a subset of item categories that, collectively, contain less redundancy of source items between the various item categories. That is, a user navigating through the categories is less likely to encounter the same source item over and over again.
The twenty-nine dots in
As shown in
The six item categories depicted in
One way for a user to find source items of interest is to navigate a browse tree. For example, a user may make a series of selections through the browse tree of
Several different computer-implemented processes will now be described for presenting to a user a set of item categories whereby the redundancy created by shared source items between item categories is reduced. For purposes of illustration, the processes are described primarily in the context of a system that recommends electronic catalog items to users of a network accessible e-commerce site. As will be apparent, however, the disclosed processes can also be used to recommend other types of items, such as but not limited to social networking postings, news articles, blogs, travel destinations, service providers, other users, and events. In addition, the disclosed processes need not be implemented as part of, or in conjunction with, a website. Furthermore, the specific processes and components described in the following sections represent specific embodiments, and are presented by way of example. As such, nothing in this description is intended to imply that any particular feature, step, characteristic or component is essential.
The set of source items of interest to a user, for example, may consist of a set of recommended products or other items generated from the user's historical behavior (and/or the collective behavior histories of a general population of users) in rating, browsing, or purchasing related products, such as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,912,505, entitled "Use Of Product Viewing Histories Of Users To Identify Related Products", and in U.S. Pat. No. 6,317,722, entitled "Use of Electronic Shopping Carts to Generate Personal Recommendations", the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The set of source items may include a ranking that reflects the degree of interest. That is, the complete set of N source items may be expressed as a list, I1, I2, I3 . . . IN, where I1 is the source item of perceived greatest interest, I2 has the second highest ranked level of interest, and so on.
As depicted in block 320, the computer system may then obtain a set of item categories associated with some or all of the source items of interest obtained in block 310. This receiving, selecting, or generating of the set of item categories may be done using any approach to categorization, wherein affiliations are created between at least some of the source items of interest and a plurality of categories. It is contemplated that the set of categories obtained in block 320 will be overlapping to some degree, such that some of the source items of interest are included within more than one item category. Some categories in the set may have no overlapping (such as category C1 in
The initial set of item categories may be obtained, for example, by using predefined categories from an existing organizational structure, such as the exemplary browse tree shown in
In one embodiment, blocks 310 and 320 are merged. That is, a set of source items may be generated, selected or obtained that is already categorized into an initial set of item categories, such that the source items are associated with one or more item categories.
In block 330, the individual source items within the item categories generated, selected, or obtained in block 320 may be limited in number and/or assigned weightings that will be subsequently used when assessing the amount of overlap between different item categories. For example, the list of items within a given item category may be truncated to include only the top entries (in a ranking of perceived interest) up to a maximum of five source items. Alternatively, the source items within a given item category may be assigned different weightings. As an example, the top-ranked source item in the category (using a ranking of perceived interest) may be assigned a weighting of 1.0, the second-ranked source item may be assigned a weighting of 0.9, the third-ranked source item may be assigned a weighting of 0.8, and so on. Weightings and truncation can both be applied. The block 330 may be unnecessary depending upon the details of the process applied in block 320. That is, the obtaining of categories in block 320 may already incorporate weightings, list truncation, or other methods that preclude the need for additional processing of the source items.
In block 340, the resulting item categories are processed to filter out one or more categories based at least in part on an assessment of the overlap between item categories, such that item categories are selectively removed to eliminate occurrences of overlap. This may be accomplished in numerous ways. As one example, a quantitative overlap score may be generated for each case of overlap between two item categories, with the resulting overlap scores used to identify a particular item category that, upon removal, eliminates the most egregious overlap. The overlap scores between two subject item categories may also be based on a variety of other factors, including some or all of the following: (1) the number of source items in each of the categories, (2) the number of source items shared in common between the categories, (3) the rankings of the source items in each of the categories, (4) the rankings of the source items shared in common between the categories, (5) the nature of the overlap (partial versus full), (6) other weighting factors applied to favor or disfavor particular source items and/or item categories (based on user interests, sponsorship, special promotions, etc.).
As an example, applying block 340 to the initial set of item categories presented in
The block 340 need not make its filtering decisions based solely on assessments of overlaps. The overlap analysis may be supplemented by other processes dependent upon other criteria, as well. For example, an item category may be immune from filtering in block 340 regardless of the amount of overlap with other categories because it corresponds to a featured or sponsored topic (as set by the host of the electronic catalog). On the other hand, an item category may be eliminated despite little or no overlap with other categories, because it corresponds to a disfavored topic (as viewed by the host of the electronic catalog), or contains disfavored source items.
In block 350, the source items are presented to the user as arranged by the item categories that remain following block 340. This may be accomplished in various ways. For example, the item category names can be presented in a text cloud interface in which category names are displayed as selectable links to the corresponding list of items. Alternatively, the source items may be displayed in a list format with item category names as headings.
Optionally, the text size of the category names presented in the lower portion 410 is sized to designate the relevance of the category, with a larger text size designating an item category of higher relevance. The relevance of a category may be based on the number of source items it contains, or it may be based on some other criteria, such as the cumulative interest of the user in the top five source items included in the category. Additional features may be included in the presentation of text clouds.
The entire process depicted in
At block 520, an "overlap score" is determined for each item category in the set. The overlap score is a quantitative measure of overlap (derived from shared source items) between the subject item category and other item categories in the set. The overlap score may be cumulative in nature, and include contributions from all item categories for which a subject category shares source items. Alternatively, the overlap score may include contributions from some, but not all, other item categories with shared source items. One embodiment for calculating an overlap score for an item category will be discussed below in connection with
After the analysis of block 520 has been applied to the initial set of item categories, each category will have an associated overlap score. Again using
In block 530, the overlap scores of the individual item categories are compared to an "overlap threshold." The overlap threshold is a quantitative measure that delineates acceptable levels of overlap from unacceptable levels of overlap. Adjusting the threshold to different levels changes the tolerance for overlap. A higher threshold results in more categories and more source item overlap between categories; a lower threshold results in less categories and less overlap. Different thresholds are likely to be used for different situations, depending upon the number and nature of source item categories and the number, size, and nature of the associated item categories. In many instances, trial and error adjustment may be used to find a threshold level that provides an effective presentation of categories with acceptably low amounts of overlap between categories. For our
Referring again to block 530, if no item categories have overlap scores that exceed the overlap threshold, the process passes to block 550, which corresponds to the end of the filtering process. This point corresponds to the process point in
In block 540, the item category with the largest overlap score is removed from the set of item categories. For the
Following block 540, the process returns to block 520, where new overlap scores are determined for the remaining categories in the (now smaller) set. Table 2, below, shows the overlap scores for the set of categories following the filtering out of C2.
A comparison of Tables 1 and 2 reveals that the overlap scores for item categories C1, C4, C5 and C6 remain unchanged by the filtering out of C2. The overlap scores for these four categories remained the same (in this embodiment) because C2 did not overlap with those categories. Preferably, overlap scores for categories that do not overlap a removed category (in this case C1, C4, C5, and C6) may be cached from earlier calculations (rather than recalculated) to improve computing efficiency. In other words, new overlap scores need only be calculated for those categories that overlapped with the removed category (in this case, C3).
After the overlap scores have been determined for the new set, the process passes once again to block 530, where it is determined that two categories have overlap scores that exceed the overlap threshold of 1.0 (see Table 2). The system thus passes once again to block 540, where the item category with the largest overlap score, C4, is removed.
The process returns once again to block 520, where new overlap scores are determined for the remaining categories in the set. Table 3, below, shows the overlap scores for the set of categories following the filtering out of C4.
The process then passes once again to block 530, where it is determined that no categories have overlap scores that exceed the overlap threshold of 1.0 (see Table 3). The system thus passes to block 550, where the category filtering ends. At this point, the process passes to block 350 in
In block 640, a "target" item category is selected from the remaining set of item categories. As shown in
In block 650, a weighted sum (="A") is calculated from the ranked source items in the target item category. Consider an exemplary target item category, C1, containing seven source items with the following rankings: I2, I4, I5, I6, I8, I9, and I10. In one embodiment, a weighting of 1.0 is applied to the top five ranked source items and a weighting of 0 is applied to all lower ranked source items. In this embodiment, C1 can be represented as the set {I2, I4, I5, I6, I8, I9, I10}, where the top five items (I2, I4, I5, I6, and I8) receive a weighting of 1.0 and the remaining items (I9 and I10) receive a weighting of 0. The weighted sum for C1 is then A=1+1+1+1+1+0+0=5. In effect, this embodiment provides a step-function weighting factor with the transition from 1 to 0 after five items. In other embodiments, non-step function weighting factors may be applied to the ranked list of items, such as weighting factors that fall off exponentially, linearly, or in some other manner.
In block 660, a weighted sum (="B") is calculated from those ranked source items in the target item category that are shared with the subject item category. Consider an exemplary subject category, C2, containing three source items with the following rankings: I1, I4 and I6. C2 can be represented as the set {I1, I4, I6}, where the top five ranked items (in this case, three items, I1, I4 and I6) receive a weighting of 1.0 and the remaining items (in this case, the null set) receive a weighting of 0. Comparing C1 and C2 reveals the following common source items:
C1 (target): {I2, I4, I5, I6, I8}
C2 (subject): {I1, I4, I6}
Intersection of C1 and C2: {I4, I6}
The weighted sum (assuming an equal weighting of 1 for all items) is then B=1+1=2.
In block 670, the overlap score for the subject category is incremented by an incremental overlap score contribution for the target item category. In one embodiment, the incremental overlap score contribution is the ratio B/A. Alternatively, the incremental overlap score contribution can be weighted differently for different target categories. In the example above, the overlap score, initially zero, is incremented by ⅖=0.4. Thus, because of the overlap between target category C1 and the subject category C2, the overlap score of the subject item category has grown from 0 to 0.4.
In block 680, the system checks to see whether any item categories remain that may contribute to the overlap score of the subject category (i.e., that overlap with the subject category). Referring back to the example of
When all target categories that overlap the subject category have been analyzed by blocks 640 through 670, it is determined at block 680 that no target categories remain, the process 600 advances to block 690 and terminates. At this point, the overlap score of the subject category has been incremented by contributions from each overlapping category (step 670).
At this point, the process advances to the next item category (see block 520 in
To further show the processes of the embodiment shown in
The top five source items in each category are in bold because they are the only items that will be compared when calculating overlap scores through the analysis in blocks 650, 660, and 670 (i.e., a step-function weighting cut-off after the top five source items). For this example, the source items I1, I2, . . . I10 comprise the set of source items of interest to the user (see block 310). The categories C1, C2 and C3 constitute the initial set of item categories ("Literature and Fiction", "African Literature" and "World Fiction") that have been generated for the source items of interest (see block 320). The category C0 is a special category, "All Categories", that merges together all of the initial set of item categories. The category "All Categories" may participate in the process 600 as a "target" category, it preferably does not participate as a "subject" category, and therefore is not filtered out. All Categories can provide a catch-all category that provides users with the opportunity to see all source items at once. An All Categories link is included, for example, in lower portion 410 of
With reference to process 500, an overlap score must be calculated for each of categories C1, C2 and C3 (see step S20). The process 600 is used to calculate the individual overlap scores. Consider C1 as the first subject item category of process 600. Table 5, below, shows the calculations within process 600 that generate an overlap score for C1 based on the other categories C0, C2 and C3.
As shown in the table, C1 receives overlap score contributions of 0.6, 0.67, and 0.6 from C0, C2 and C3, respectively, resulting in a total overlap score of 1.87 before the process 600 terminates at block 690. Table 6, below, extends this analysis to C2 and C3, and shows the resulting overlap scores for all three categories.
The above overlap scores are "initial" in that they apply before any filtering has taken place, that is, after one pass through block 520 of
The process 500 returns to block 520, and new overlap scores are calculated for the remaining categories C2 and C3. Once again, the process 600 is used to calculate the individual overlap scores. Table 8, below, shows the calculations that generate an overlap score for C2 based on the other categories C0 and C3.
As shown in the table, C2 receives an overlap score contribution of 0.4 from C0, and no contribution from C3, resulting in a total overlap score of 0.4. Preferably, for computational efficiency, upon finishing the analysis of overlap between C0 and C2, block 680 would recognize that C2 and C3 have no shared source items, and the process would proceed to block 690 (END) without conducting further calculations. Table 9, below, extends the overlap analysis to category C3.
The above overlap scores are lower than the initial overlap scores, because of the filtering out of item category C1. Process 500 advances from block 520 to block 530, and applying the overlap threshold of 1.0, it can be seen that no categories have overlap scores exceeding the threshold. Accordingly, at block 530, process 500 advances to block 550 and terminates. With reference back to
The system shown in
The system also includes a source item list service/system 750 that generates lists of source items of interest to a user in real time in response to requests from users. The source item list service 750 may, for example, be a recommendation service that returns recommended products. The service 750 includes a source item list generation engine 760 that generates a categorized list of ranked source items 765 predicted to be of interest to a user. The source item list generation engine 760 may, for example, operate as a recommendation engine as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,912,505, referenced above. The source item list generation service 750 further includes a category overlap filter 770 that implements some or all of the overlap reduction features described herein.
The application servers 100 use a data repository of web page templates 730 to dynamically generate web pages in response to browser requests. The templates directly or indirectly specify the service calls that are made to the services to, e.g., request data needed to generate the requested page. For instance, an appropriate template may be provided for generating the text cloud 400 shown in
When a user clicks on a link to access source items of interest (e.g. to view recommendations of products), a web server 720 requests a list of source items of interest for the user from the service 750. The service 750 then uses information related to the user (e.g., all or a portion of the user's purchase history, item ratings, and/or item viewing history) to generate a set of source items of interest. As part of this process, the source item list generation service 750 uses the category overlap reducing processes described above to selectively filter out categories prior to presenting a final set of source items and categories to the user. Specifically, the resulting source items presented to the user are organized into to a subset of categories that have been filtered to reduce overlap prior to transmission over a network 701 to the user's browser/computer 702.
Each of the processes and algorithms described above, including the service and other application components 740, 750, 760 and 770 shown in
Many of the processes discussed above involve calculations that may be repeated. In such instances, calculations may be cached for later use to improve computing efficiency. In some applications, the caching of calculations may be particular to a particular user or to a particular user session. In other applications, the caching of calculations may apply more generally, in which case the cached calculations may be re-used across a population of users.
The various features and processes described above may be used independently of one another, or may be combined in various ways. All possible combinations are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure.
Although this invention has been described in terms of certain preferred embodiments and applications, other embodiments and applications that are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, including embodiments and applications that do not provide all of the benefits described herein, are also within the scope of this invention. The scope of the invention is defined only by the claims, which are intended to be construed without reference to any definitions that may be explicitly or implicitly included in any of the incorporated-by-reference materials.
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Logic Pro X is the most advanced version of Logic ever. Sophisticated new tools for professional songwriting, editing, and mixing are built around a modern interface that's designed to get creative results quickly and also deliver more power whenever it's needed. Logic Pro X includes a massive collection of instruments, effects, and loops, providing a complete toolkit to create amazing-sounding music.
What's New
- Pre-fader sends are no longer affected by VCA Faders
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- The Brush Tool no longer gets stuck in fixed pitch mode when selected after using the Pencil Tool
- Resolves an issue that could cause the Download Manager to appear empty
- Additional bug fixes and stability improvements
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- 1280x768 display resolution or higher
- 64-bit Audio Units plug-ins
- Minimum 5 GB disk space; 35 GB optional content available via in-app download


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Slum rock
Not Abba: the real story of the 1970s
Dave Haslam Fourth Estate, 359pp, £12.99
Not Abba: the real story of the 1970s
Dave Haslam Fourth Estate, 359pp, £12.99
by John Harris Published
The writer and club DJ Dave Haslam grew up in the West Midlands and reached adolescence in his own private version of Jonathan Coe's The Rotters' Club - all IRA bombs, bigotry and industrial strife. His last memory of Wolverhampton, he says, involves getting lost en route to a concert organised by Rock Against Racism, headlined by the feminist punk group the Au Pairs.
Nearly three decades later, he goes back to the city to visit a theme bar called Flares, where the walls are etched with words such as "boogie", "fab" and "glam", and where the DJ plays Boney M's "Rivers of Babylon", Sylvester's disco hit "Mighty Real" and - but of course - Abba's "Dancing Queen". In vain, Haslam implores him to play something by Hawkwind or X-Ray Spex, but the man is having none of it. "It's just relentless," Haslam complains. "Thrown-together disco hits and boogie oogie-oogie . . . it soon just feels very, very depressing."
And so he establishes the central contention of Not Abba: that, far from being some rainbow-coloured era of mindless pleasure, the 1970s were tough, dark and nigh-on dystopic. Moreover, though most people were listening to Mud, the Rubettes and Abba, the law that says grim lives give rise to great art duly kicked in, and the decade produced some of the most splendid British music ever created.
As in Manchester, England, his admirable cultural history of his adopted home city, Haslam cuts his subject into free-flowing chapters that move at speed between politics, music and personally rendered social history. The pace is breathless; Olga Korbut takes her place next to Bloody Sunday, which is succeeded by thoughts on Marvin Gaye and T Rex. The exercise is at least partly driven by a quest to tie music to the social forces that inspired it, and on this count Haslam plays more than a few aces. For an understanding of how the sparkling 1960s gave way to the perilous 1970s, he advises a crash course on the early work of the Midlands heavy-metal pioneers Black Sabbath, the initial vehicle for Ozzy Osbourne - who characterised their output as "slum rock". Similarly, the passages about the Birmingham reggae band Steel Pulse serve as a primer on the inner-city tensions that so dramatically exploded early in the following decade. Musicians are cast as lightning rods, directing the frenetic currents of their time into records that still have the power to transfix the author.
So huge is the story, however, that 300-odd pages cannot do it justice. The melding of music and history occasionally feels arbitrary and some of Haslam's prose has the dull ring of stuff written in a hurry: The Joy of Sex is curtly described as a book that "detailed a choice of sexual positions". Neither is the narrative assisted by flights into old-left vocabulary - of the political clout wielded by the unions, Haslam writes: "Individual unions were acting in the interests of their members, but not necessarily other workers." But the most glaring drawback is the paucity of interview material. Haslam's original sources number just eight, and there is not an important musical figure among them. The reminiscences of a member of the Liverpudlian disco act the Real Thing are interesting enough - but in the absence of any members of, say, the Sex Pistols, they contribute to an awkward imbalance.
That said, by restricting his direct in-quiries either to fellow fans of that era's music or to figures who won fleeting success, Haslam manages to tap into a compelling social-historical grid. And such is his argument: that beyond the moronic dazzle of retro-culture, there lurk stories in danger of being forgotten. I take his point, though as someone who cut his teeth a decade later, I am not sure Haslam's generation has unique cause for complaint. My own memories of monetarism and the miners' strike can't compete with iconography built around the Rubik's cube and rah-rah skirts; were I to spend an evening at any one of the ever-increasing number of 1980s theme nights in Britain, I doubt the DJ would entertain my requests for the Redskins and the Style Council.
Still, thinking along those lines, this book may well have started something. Not Duran Duran, anybody?
John Harris's most recent book is So Now Who Do We Vote For? (Faber & Faber)


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Multi-Purpose ESD Devices
Multi purpose protection consists of any protection solution which has no additional requirements. Typical functionalities to be protected are keyboards, audio and power lines.
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Book your room at NH Frankfurt Airport
Standard Room, 1 Double or 2 Single BedsMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)
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Situated near the airport, this hotel is 0.5 mi (0.8 km) from Lufthansa Flight Training Center and 1.4 mi (2.2 km) from The Squaire. Commerzbank-Arena and Staedel Museum are also within 9 mi (15 km).
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This smoke-free hotel features a restaurant, a fitness center, and a bar/lounge. Free WiFi in public areas and a free airport shuttle are also provided. Additionally, a snack bar/deli, a sauna, and a steam room are onsite.
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In addition to a sauna, NH Frankfurt Airport features a steam room and a fitness center. The hotel offers a restaurant and a snack bar/deli. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
This 4-star property offers access to a 24-hour business center and meeting rooms. 4 meeting rooms are available. This business-friendly hotel also offers a terrace, multilingual staff, and a garden. A roundtrip airport shuttle is complimentary to guests at scheduled times. Parking is available onsite for a surcharge.
NH Frankfurt Airport is a smoke-free property.
- Free WiFi
- Fitness facilities
- Free airport transportation
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- 24-hour front desk
- Total number of rooms - 156
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Television in lobby
- Number of floors - 3
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Laundry facilities
- Meeting rooms
- Multilingual staff
- Terrace
- Luggage storage
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Snack bar/deli
- Number of meeting rooms - 4
- Year Built 1993
- 24-hour business center
- Sauna
- Smoke-free property
- Garden
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Steam room
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Snack bar/deli
- Laundry facilities
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Premium TV channels
- Separate sitting area
- Hair dryer
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Bathtub or shower
- In-room safe
- Desk
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Satellite TV service
- Flat-panel TV
- Room service
Where to Eat
Buffet breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 6 AM and 10:30 AM.
Nhube - This restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests can order drinks at the bar and enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting).
Room service is available.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include a sauna, a steam room, and a fitness center.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible parking
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Pets allowed, Only dogs and cats are allowed, Maximum number of pets per room 1
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
- Fee for buffet breakfast: EUR 22.90 per person (approximately)
- Self parking fee: EUR 18.00 per day
- Pet fee: EUR 10 per night
We should mention
This property offers transfers from the airport. Guests must contact the property with arrival details before travel, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. One child 11 years old or younger stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
Bonus Extras
Book a stay in any rate category and receive complimentary wireless Internet access in the lobby and complimentary minibar during your stay.
Details at check-in. Restrictions may apply.
National Rating
Hotelstars Union assigns an official star rating for properties in Germany. This property is rated 4 stars.


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
May 19, 1979 E, EVANS ETAL 3,512,700
FLEXiBLE BAG cons'rnuc'non Filed 001;. so, 1968 i i I I l l i i I l l l I ZIJ 22 INVENTORS EDWARD E. ,EVANS RANK R. MILLION PM VA Mvr /L/ ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,512,700 Patented May 19, 1970 3,512,700 FLEXIBLE BAG CONSTRUCTION Edward E. Evans, Shaker Heights, and Frank R. Million, Northfield, Ohio, assignors to The Jaite Display Bag Company, Peninsula, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Filed Oct. 30, 1968, Ser. No. 771,863 Int. Cl. B65d 33/16 US. Cl. 229-53 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A flexible bag for packaging rounded items. The bag is formed from two panels superimposed one in front of the other and has a gusseted base portion of unique configuration that joins the bottom edges of the superimposed panels to pemit conformation of the bag to rounded items without puckering. The base portion has a pair of flap walls joined by a gusset fold, each flap wall being contiguously overlaid by one panel when the bag is in the empty, collapsed state. The gusset fold extends generally transversely between lateral, spaced side folds that join the superimposed panels along two additional edges. Oppositely of the gusset fold each flap wall is joined to its overlaid panel by a flap fold that extends between the junctures of the gusset fold with the lateral side folds along a locus of points that are curvilinear at least in proximity to the junctures and which are, except at the junctures, oriented in spaced relation to the gusset fold.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The packaging of items in flexible bags is not a new art but considerable refinement and sophistication has been introduced since the comparatively recent advent of plastic film.
The first efforts to package with plastic film utilized two, superimposed, flat sheets of film that were simply joined together to form a fiat bag. In order to provide a semblance of conformity of a flat bag with the item to be packaged, the panels were joined along a pattern outlining the object to be received therein. However, smooth conformity was possible only if the item being packaged had no appreciable thickness inasmuch as the appearance made by such a package degenerates in direct proportion to the thickness of the item, the degeneration being evidenced by multitudinous, unsightly folds, or puckers, that form in the bag as the two superimposed panels of the flat bag bend transversely their normal plane in an attempt to accommodate the thickness of an item positioned between the panels.
Motivated by the desire to eliminate the many puckers that form in a flat bag in which an item of appreciable thickness is received, Workers in this art experimented with the use of gussets along one or more of the edges of the bag. When the sides of the bag are gusseted, the bottom presents a pinched, flange-like tab when a relatively thick item is received therein. When the bottom of the bag is gusseted the appearance of the bag was further enhanced because this bottom gusseted bag left only two, earlike puckers, one at each intersection of the bottom with the side edges of the bag.
For packaging items having the geometric configuration of certain hexahedrons even the two, earlike puckers were eliminated by the square bottom bag. This bag is also gusseted along the bottom, but differs from the standard bottom gusseted bag in that the outermost fold of the gusset is joined to each of the bags two side seams along four additional seams oriented at 45 with respect to the side seams. A bag so constructed is capable of receiving a hexahedron, and particularly a right parallelepiped,
without any folds or puckers, However, a relatively thick item having rounded edges causes even this type bag to pucker.
The art relative to packaging rounded items goes back many years. Even in the late 1800s when pulp, or paper, bags were in vogue, the art had devised a bag for packaging a cylinderical item without puckering, so long as the cylinder had planar ends. And, of course, disc-like items of minimal thickness can be received in flat, round bottom bags. But no one has heretofore devised a bag for packaging rounded items having appreciable thickness. Excellent examples of such items are a stack of nested, paper plates or a round loaf of bread.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is, therefore, the primary object of the present invention to provide a flexible bag in which a rounded object can be packaged without the bag puckering.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a flexible bag, as above, that can, when empty, be stored flat.
These and other objects which will become apparent from the following specification are accomplished by means hereinafter described and claimed.
In general, a flexible bag embodying the concept of the present invention, when empty and collapsed, has first and second superimposed panels joined along two edges by lateral, spaced side folds and along the third edge by a base portion. The base portion has first and second flap walls that are interjoined by a gusset fold. The first flap wall is joined to the first panel and the second flap wall is joined to the second panel by fiap folds. The flaps folds extend between the junctures of the gusset fold with the two side folds along a locus of points that is curvilinear at least adjacent the said junctures and which, except at the junctures, lie in spaced relation to the gusset fold.
One preferred embodiment is shown by Way of example in the accompanying drawings and described in detail without attempting show all of the various forms and the modifications in which the invention might be embodied; the invention being measured by the appended claims and not by the details of the specification.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a flexible bag constructed in accordance with the concept of the present invention and depicted with a nested stack of paper plates packaged therein;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross section taken substantially on line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross section taken substantially on line 33 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a frontal elevation of the bag represented in FIGS. 1-3 depicted empty and folded for flat storage; and,
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross section taken substantially on line 55 of FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTIONN OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A flexible bag embodying the concept of the present invention is designated generally by the numeral 10 on the attached drawings. The bag 10 is comprised of first and second superimposed panels 11 and 12, each panel preferably having four edges. The two superimposed panels 11 and 12 are joined along at least three of said edges. Two of the joined edges form lateral, spaced side folds 13 and 14, and the third edges of the two panels are interconnected by a base portion, indicated generally by the numeral 15. The fourth edges of the panels 11 and 12 may be left unconnected in order to provide an opening for the bag 10.
The base portion primarily comprises two flap walls 18 and 19 joined by a gusset fold 20. The gusset fold 20 extends generally transversely between the side folds 13 and 14 with the first, or front panel 11 overlying the first flap wall 18 and the second, or rear, panel 12 overlying the second flap wall 19'when the bag 10 is empty and collapsed, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. p
The panels 11 and 12 are joined to' the flap walls 18 and 19, which they'overlie, by flap folds 21 and 22, respectively. The flap folds 21 and 22 extend between the juncture 23 of the gusset fold 20 with the side fold 13 and the juncture 24 of the gusset-fold 20 with the side fold 14 along a locusof points curvilinear at least adjacent'thejunctures 23 and 24. As best seen in'FIG; 4, the flap folds, except at junctures 23 and 24, are oriented in spaced relation with respect to the gusset fold 20.
In the embodiment depicted each flap fold has a curvilinear portion 25 that-extends arcuately from the junctures 23 and 24 to a medial, linear portion 26 spaced outwardly of, and generally parallel to,- the gusset fold 20. L
Although the curvilinear portion 25 is arcuate, and therefore possessed of a constant degree of curvature, the curvilinear portion 25 could be generated with a constant change in the degree of curvature, as in a spiral, or with a varied change'in the degree of curvature, as, for example, -in a parabolic curve.
Similarly, the flop fold may, or may not, possess the linear portion 26. As such, a bag 10 constructed according to the concept of the present invention may be adapted to conform to the outline of a curved item by selecting a suitable curvature for the flap fold in conjunction with a suitable dimension X between the side folds 13 and 14 and a suitable dimension Y between the gusset fold 20 and the apogee-the linear portion 26 in the embodiment depicted-of the flap fold. With the dimensions and-style of curvilinear portion for the flap fold thus properly selected, a rounded item canbe packaged in a flexible bag without unslightly puckering.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, a bag constructed with properly selected dimensions may be used to-stack a rounded object of appreciable thickness, such as the nested stack of paper plates depicted. With the plates 30 received within bag 10 the flap folds 21 and 22 move apart until the gusset fold 20 and the flap walls 18 and- 19 lie in transverse alignment therebetween. The curvilinear portions 25 of the flap folds 21 and 22 not only permit the flap walls 18 and 19 to conform substantially to the curved perpihery of the plates 30 but also permit corners to form from the panel material as the panels bend transversely to accommodate the thickness of the nested plates 30 and further assure that the corners so formed will merge with the bottom and sides of the package without unsightly puckers. As best seen in FIG. 1, an exemplary corner 31 forms in the front panel 11, the corner 31 being spaced forwardly of the side fold 14 and smoothly merging with the flap fold 21, as at 32, to eliminate puckering. Accordingly, even though the flap folds 21 and 22 are provided with a linear portion 26, the base 15 Will substantially conform (FIG. 2) to a completely arcuate item such as the plates 30 and yet so merge with the front and rear panels 11 and 12 as to provide a smoothly conforming package.
The objects of the invention have thus been accomplished.
We claim:
1. A flexible bag for holding rounded objects, said bag comprising, first and second superimposed panels, said panels being joined along three edges, the fourth edge of said panels forming the bag opening, laterally spaced side folds defining the joinder along two edges of the superimposed panels and a base forming the joinder along the third edges, said base having first and second flap walls joined along a gusset fold, said gusset fold extending generally transversely between lateral junctures of said gusset fold with said side folds, the first flap wall joined only to said first panel along a first flap fold, the second flap wall joined only to said second panel along a second flap fold, said separate flap folds extending between the juncture of said gusset fold with each side fold along a locus of points that is curvilinear along at least va portion of said flap folds and oriented in spaced relation with respect to said gusset fold.
2. A flexible bag, as set forth in claim 1, in which the curvilinear portions of said flap folds are adjacent said junctures of the gusset fold with said lateral side folds.
3. A flexible bag, as set forth in claim 2, in which a linear portion is included in each flap fold medially the curvilinear portions.
4. A flexible bag, as set forth in claim 3, in which said linear portion is generally parallel with and spaced apart from gusset fold.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,405,863 10/1968 Kugler 22957 3,412,926 11/1968 Bostwick 22962 DAVID M. BOCKENEK, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 229, 57, 62
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text:
CORRECTION: An earlier version of this column misstated the first name of GOP presidential candidate Herman Cain.
It struck me as more than a little odd, and crushingly sad, that we had to wait 47 years to find out what John F. Kennedy really thought of Lyndon Johnson. Oh, there had been stories of JFK's dislike for his vice president, even about his tentative plans to dump him from the ticket in 1964. But if Jacqueline Kennedy is to be believed, her husband truly feared for the country's fate—and not just because Johnson might be tainted by the Bobby Baker scandal, as JFK's former secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, wrote in her memoir.
In newly released excerpts from a series of interviews she did in 1964, Jackie, her grief and anger still raw, told historian Arthur Schlesinger that JFK had fretted about LBJ's suitability to succeed him. "He said, 'Oh, God, can you ever imagine what would happen to the country if Lyndon was president?' " This was well before Johnson turned Vietnam into a bloody fiasco.
Doubts about JFK's own suitability were raised, just as stealthily, by his predecessor, Dwight Eisenhower, according to historian James Ledbetter. Although it took years to gain widespread support, one persuasive interpretation of Ike's famous January 1961 warning against a "military-industrial complex": The outgoing president feared that JFK was too naive to stand up to it, Ledbetter writes in his 2011 book, Unwarranted Influence: Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Military-Industrial Complex. At the time, Kennedy was trumping up a fake "missile gap" with the Soviets as a campaign issue, and the Bay of Pigs was just around the corner.
Wouldn't it be better if we all heard about these concerns in real time?
Today we face another presidential-succession process at a crucial moment in history. And I get the sense that we in the media are still just dancing around the real issues of character, readiness, and substance. Can't we pretend, for a moment, that we're Jackie and Arthur, parsing the here and now for real—not for the cameras—and talking the way real people talk? No speeches, no posturing for posterity, and no worrying about offending conventional wisdom.
Here's what that might sound like.
First, we all know that one of three people will be the next president: Barack Obama, Mitt Romney, or Rick Perry. The others are entertaining—and they've all had their moments in the debates—but Newt Gingrich, Rick Santorum, and Michele Bachmann have about as much chance of becoming president as you or I. (It's a shame, because Bachmann's vow to bring only the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, and the Bill of Rights with her into the White House suggested that we might see some very creative attire.)
Jon Huntsman fits the perfect caricature of a candidacy: smart, serious, good head of hair. But as Obama's former servant (his ambassador to China), he has no business here, and everyone knows it. Herman Cain is, well, a pizza executive. The only reason Ron Paul is not simply scary is that we all know he has no chance of running anything, so he is simply silly. I mean, a gallon of gas might cost only a "silver dime" if he were president? Sure, and the Model T could be America's next great export. When another question about the Fed came up at the debate the other night, my Atlantic Media colleague Jeff Goldberg tweeted merrily that Paul's forthcoming response would be like the drum solo at a 1970s rock concert: time to go get some beer.
How long does the pretense have to go on? Is it really necessary that we all play along with Rick Santorum's fantasy and Newt's self-indulgence?
Second, while the economy is the primary issue, no one in Washington really knows how the economy works anymore, no one agrees on it, and no one will talk about the problem. "The really fundamental question," the head of the Congressional Budget Office, Douglas Elmendorf, told the super committee this week, is "what role do you and your colleagues want the government to play in the economy and the society?" Most of what we're hearing is bumper-sticker solutions with no rhyme or reason behind them. Three years into a titanic crisis that has left us with serious (and justifiable) skepticism about the ability of either markets or government to manage things, the conversation in Washington about what really happened to the economy has not yet begun.
Romney's 59-point program is little more than a grab bag of traditional GOP nostrums. Obama, still looking desperately for cover from Republican attacks, has put forward a program heavily reliant on GOP-style tax cuts and tax incentives. Much of the $450 billion program could work, but Republicans will probably quash the most effective spending/stimulus part and leave the least job-creating parts: the tax cuts and credits. Here, we're all pretending as well: Businesses hire because they need employees, and they need employees because demand for their products and services is up, not because they get a break on their taxes. No one is talking about the one big move that could make a difference: using the current rock-bottom interest rates to help hundreds of thousands of underwater mortgage holders to refinance.
Rick, Executive Director for Policy
Concise coverage of everything I wish I had hours to read about."
Chuck, Graduate Student
The day's action in one quick read."
Stacy, Director of Communications
I find them informative and appreciate the daily news updates and enjoy the humor as well."
Richard, VP of Government Affairs
Chock full of usable information on today's issues. "
Michael, Executive Director
And then there's Rick (I Can Do the Math on That One) Perry. He continues as apparent front-runner by insisting that the 2009 stimulus package created "zero" jobs. That's comically wrong. Economists estimate that it created or saved at least a million and a half jobs—just not enough. Perry also said that we need to "free up Wall Street"—as if the global economy had not been nearly hurled into a second Great Depression by Wall Street just two and a half years ago.
Knock, knock. Time for a reality check. Anybody home? Is that you, Lyndon? We have a message for you …
This article appears in the September 17, 2011 edition of National Journal Magazine.
Don't Miss Today's Top Stories
Rick, Executive Director for Policy
Concise coverage of everything I wish I had hours to read about."
Chuck, Graduate Student
The day's action in one quick read."
Stacy, Director of Communications
I find them informative and appreciate the daily news updates and enjoy the humor as well."
Richard, VP of Government Affairs
Chock full of usable information on today's issues. "
Michael, Executive Director


text:
Lurie Cancer Center Member
Erica D Smith, PhD
Academic Title:
Research Assistant Professor, Cell and Molecular Biology; Feinberg School of Medicine
Member of:
Cancer Cell Biology
View Publications Listing
Cancer-Focused Research:
Stem cell dysfunction likely plays a central role in the pathogenesis of certain human diseases, particularly aging and cancer. The use of simple eukaryotic model organisms in aging research has led to the identification and characterization of many genetic and environmental factors that modulate longevity. The classic invertebrate model organisms, such as nematodes and fruit flies , however, are not ideal models for investigating the role of stem cells in human disease because of the relative absence of adult stem cells in these species.
My research program combines interests from my graduate research (stem cell biology) and postdoctoral work (basic biology of aging) using the freshwater planarian, Schmidtea mediterranea, as a model system. Our goal is to establish S. mediterranea as a model for the study of aging and age-related disease, with emphasis on the role of stem cells in longevity. S. mediterranea represents an excellent model for investigating mechanisms of longevity because of their apparent immortality and remarkable capacity to repair and regenerate tissues . Regeneration in planarians is due to the presence of neoblasts, a pluripotent stem cell population in the adult. To investigate the relationship between stem cells and longevity, we are using known longevity determinants to characterize age-related phenotypes in planaria, paying particular attention to regeneration and tissue homeostasis. We are also investigating telomere homeostasis and it's role in stem cell function in planaria. Together, these efforts will establish S. mediterranea as a powerful model for the study of aging and age-related disease, and bring new understanding into the role of stem cells in longevity.


text:
La Lettre des Achats is the leading business review for corporate purchasing departments in France. The review has been regarded as a high-grade reference for information and decision by corporate purchasing departments for over 15 years.
La Lettre des Achats primarily targets the management of any purchasing activity and the organisation of the departments.
La Lettre des Achats enhances both issues, reporting the events in Purchasing through the managers involved in the activity, and considering the development strategies.
Today most of companies have turned their concerns to the cost-reduction. Such a reduction must be generated from a dynamic suppliers management — rationalising suppliers, concentrating volumes, upstream integration of the suppliers in product developments, objective costing, upstream marketing, benchmarking, reengineering, e-procurement...
The articles published every month in La Lettre des Achats provide much information on these various issues and opportunities for the readers to compare their strategies and their methods with the best recent achievements.
The readers:
Heads of Purchasing Departments (over 79%) of industrial and service companies: multinationals, small and medium enterprises, production sites, public administrations, non-governmental organisations.
and their impact on the company, executive boards, financial directors, consultants, global services.
Monthly issue, 74 pages. 11 issues per year.
Publication Director : Mr F.-Ch. Rebeix email@example.com
First issue : May 1993
Printing : 5 000 issues per month.
More than 20 000 readers
Only for subscription
France : 389,19 euros – taxes included ( VAT : 2,10 %) per year.
Abroad : 450 euros per year.
French Press Number : 1112 T 82 521
La Lettre des Achats
Immeuble Le Cesaree - 60-62 rue du Landy - 93210 La Plaine Saint-Denis - email@example.com


text:
Video: See the Knitters Perform "Poor Little Critter on the Road" at the Old Rock House, Sunday, May 16
The Knitters -- featuring John Doe, Exene Cervenka and DJ Bonebrake of X, and long-time musical pals Dave Alvin and Jonny Ray Bartel-- performed on Sunday night at the Old Rock House. Did you go? How was it? Judging by the following video, the show sounded more like a Friday night hootenanny than a work-week aperitif.
Sponsor Content


text:
This job is no longer available
Further information
Business Development Manager
Accident Management / Credit Hire
Based: The Midlands or South
Basic Salary: Circa £50,000 + £10,000 Bonus + Fully Expensed Car + 27 Days Holiday +Pension Scheme + Family Healthcare + Life Assurance
Our client is market leading provider of Accident Management Services into Body Shops and Brokers. They are a dynamic, forward thinking company who continue to set standards within the market with their exceptional products and service. Due to organic growth and portfolio diversification has created this opportunity to join the business and drive their credit hire offering.
The Role:
• You will work closely with and report to the Business Development & Sales Director.
• Liaise regularly with the Marketing team to identify new sales opportunities.
• Ensure that the products & services sold are in line with agreed specification and pricing structure.
• Acquire and disseminate client information to increase income generation.
• Communicate effectively within the company to ensure the effective delivery of overall client service.
• Compile and communicate regularly details of your sales pipeline with your Director; you will be expected to always have a vibrant pipeline of forward business.
The Requirements:
• Actively source and secure new business in order to expand the business portfolio. The role will be predominately new business focused initially and then develop into a mix of account management new business.
• Be comfortable dealing with both the Body Shops and Brokers alike. You will be expected to focus your efforts on winning large multisite contracts.
• Understanding of the sales principles and processes and how to implement those effectively when selling technically based products and services.
• The ability to close sales with a methodical approach to tight deadlines.
• Demonstrate high levels of motivation to work from a home base unsupported at times to achieve individual sales goals.
• This role offers a genuine career opportunity for the successful candidate.
Please quote ref: SJ3176