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AidData Research Consortium
AidData and USAID's Global Development Lab are breaking down traditional silos between those who set aid policy and those who study it.
Scholars from 50 universities and think tanks are using our subnational data on who is funding what and where to study how foreign assistance is being targeted and evaluating the impact of these investments. We put these insights into practice with tools, training and lessons learned to benefit local communities.
Our research consortium has active projects in seven areas, including: conflict mitigation, democracy and governance, economic growth, environment and climate change, global health, food security, and humanitarian assistance.
Conflict Mitigation Team
Mike Findley is an Assistant Professor in the Government Department at the University of Texas-Austin, and was previously an Assistant Professor at Brigham Young University. He received his PhD in Political Science in 2007 from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. His research examines civil wars, ethnic conflict, and terrorism. He has published in the Journal of Politics, International Studies Quarterly, and other journals.
In his capacity as Director of the Center for International Development and Conflict Management, he serves as an expert on projects in the area of conflict management policy research, as well as coordinates the development of the biennial publication Peace and Conflict. Previously, Dr. Backer was a Senior Program Officer at the United States Institute of Peace has also taught at the College of William and Mary and the University of Michigan. His specialty is comparative analysis of the choice and impact of transitional justice measures, reflected in ongoing studies of the responses of victims of conflict in Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone, South Africa and Kenya. Other notable work examines topics such as political violence, ethnic conflict, elites in closed regimes, nongovernmental organizations in authoritarian settings, and party systems.
Scott Gates is an American political scientist and economist based in Norway. He was director of the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)'s Centre for the Study of Civil War, which was a Norwegian Center of Excellence funded by the Research Council of Norway for a ten year period 2002-2012. He is currently a Research Professor at PRIO, and also holds a professorship in political science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. His current research includes applied game theory analysis, international relations theory, international political economy, forma models of bureaucracy, and economic modeling.
Cullen is an Assistant Professor at the Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver. He focuses on environmental security, food security, and the economic and security implications of climate change and climate change adaptation. Cullen holds a BA from Kalamazoo College and a PhD from the University of California, San Diego.
Dr. Shahriar Kibriya has more than eight years of professional and research experience on international development, public policy, quantitative studies of social science, and food security in fragile societies. He specializes in building mathematical models of conflict, food security of developing nations, public policy and modern implications of inductive causation. Dr. Kibriya has authored several academic articles and conference publications. He has also developed several concept notes and is involved in the implementation of development projects and research in Asia and Africa.
Dr. Clionadh Raleigh is a Professor of Human Geography at the University of Sussex. She previously served as a Lecturer in the Department of Political Science at Trinity College, Dublin and an external researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). She is a political geographer, and her work is focused mainly on conflict, governance, and the social consequences of climate change in sub-Saharan Africa. Dr. Raleigh directs the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) project, which tracks local conflict events in fifty countries. Her current work concerns conflict patterns, government intervention, and drought patterns in the Sahel belt, and appears in journals such as Political Geography. Dr. Raleigh earned her PhD in Geography from the University of Colorado at Boulder.
Siri has a PhD from PRIO and is now a senior researcher there. She is a member of the conflict trends, environment, non-state conflict actors research groups and is a member of the project on female empowerment in Eastern DRC. Her work has been published in journals such as International Interactions, Conflict Management and Peace Science, and the Journal of Peace Research.
Burcu Savun is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Pittsburgh. She studies the ways states cooperate and intervene to end and prevent violent conflicts, including civil wars and terrorism. Her research builds from the premise that international and domestic political environments affect both the termination of ongoing violent conflicts and the onset of new ones, particularly during democratization movements and global economic crises. Her current work focuses on the effectiveness of foreign aid as a conflict prevention tool.
Steve directs the Violent Intranational Political Conflict and Terrorism (VIPCAT) Lab within the Institute for Theory and Practice of International Relations at W&M. His work fuses theories and methods form social science, computer science, and linguistics disciplines to better understand the causes and consequences of political violence, instability, and terrorism. His team's research is the backbone of the US Department of Defense's Worldwide Integrated Crisis Early Warning System (WICEWS) used by combatant commands and the intelligence community to analyze and anticipate current and potential threats to global security.
Alastair has published books such as The Dictator's Handbook, Punishing the Prince, and The Logic of Political Survival. His work has also been published in journals such as Economics and Politics, British Journal of Political Science, Journal of Conflict Resolution, and American Political Science Review.
Daniel Strandow is a Ph.D. candidate at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research. At the University of Texas at Austin he is currently a pre-doctoral fellow with the Strauss Center CCAPS program and a research fellow and lecturer at the European Union Center of Excellence. Mr. Strandow's research interests include how foreign aid going to areas of varying territorial dominance can influence warring parties' ability and will to kill opponents. Theoretically these interests are pursued from a rational choice as well as a systemic approach. Empirically Strandow and colleagues are mapping territorial dominance in Africa South of the Sahara. Mr. Strandow was a pioneer of systematically geocoding foreign aid projects. His work has supported geo-coding efforts at the World Bank, USAID, African Development Bank, International Aid Transparency Initiative, the AidData Center for Development Policy, and others.
Democracy and Governance Team
Joseph Young is an associate professor in the School of Public Affairs at American University. His research focuses on political institutions and violence and is published in numerous peer-reviewed articles across academic disciplines, including political science, economics, criminology, and international studies. The National Science Foundation and the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) have funded his research.
In addition to being the Julius Silver Professor of Politics at the Alexander Hamilton Center for Political Economy at NYU, Bruce is also a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. Two of his books include The Dictator's Handbook: Why Bad Behavior is Almost Always Good Politics and The Predictoneer's Game: Using the Logic of Brazen Self-Interest to See and Shape the Future. Bruce is also a partner in Mesquita & Roundell, LLC, a consulting firm that uses game theory models he developed to assist corporations and the U.S. intelligence and policymaking community in complex negotiations involving mergers and acquisitions, litigation, regulation, and national security matters.
Sarah's research and teaching interests include international relations, democracy promotion, non-state actors in world politics, gender and human rights policy, and Middle East politics. Her book, which is forthcoming at Cambridge University Press, explores how and why the United States and other developed countries turned to democracy promotion at the end of the Cold War and the impact of doing so. Other ongoing projects examine the effects of American democracy promotion on public attitudes in the Middle East. Her previous research has been published or is forthcoming in the journals International Organization and International Studies Quarterly.
Simone is an Assistant Professor of Political Science University of Missouri, Columbia, and was previously a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Niehaus Center for Globalization and Governance at Princeton University. She received her PhD in political science from the Pennsylvania State University in 2011. Her research examines donor-decision making about how to deliver in recipient country and analyzes how these decisions affect development and political outcomes.
Roland Hodler is Professor of Economics at the University of Lucerne, External Research Associate at the Oxford Centre for Analysis of Resource Rich Economies, and CESifo Research Network Fellow. He holds a PhD from the University of Bern, and was Lecturer and Senior Lecturer at the University of Melbourne. His main research interests are in political economics and development economics. His work has been published in journals such as Journal of Development Economics, Games and Economic Behavior, Economica, and the European Economic Review.
Ryan Jablonski is an Assistant Professor at the London School of Economics and Political Science. His research looks at the role of foreign capital, including development aid, on the domestic politics of recipient states. Among other things, his research explains the way electoral politics play an important role in shaping the distribution and effectiveness of foreign aid. His research has been published in World Politics, British Journal of Political Science, and the Journal of Conflict Resolution.
James D. Long is an Academy Scholar at the Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies and an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Washington. Previously, he was a dissertation fellow at the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, a Jennings Randolph Peace Scholar at the US Institute of Peace, and a Fulbright Scholar. His research focuses on elections in fragile and developing countries, including the determinants of voting behavior and turnout, the dynamics of electoral fraud, the impact of ICT on corruption monitoring, the causes of electoral violence, and the effects of civil war and insurgency on state-building and development. He studies these issues in sub-Saharan Africa and Afghanistan.
Matt Lowe is pursuing his PhD in Economics, specializing in the field of development economics, political economy and international economy. He previously worked as a Projects Officer at the International Monetary Fund and a Consultant at the World Bank. He has two working papers on the public and private marginal product of capital and the privatization of African railways. Matt also studies Mandarin Chinese.
Mona Lyne is Chair and Associate Professor of Political Science at Kansas City and specializes in comparative politics and international relations. She published a book titled Voter's Dilemma and Democrtic Accountability: Latin America and Beyond and has had articles published in journals such as Review of International Organizations, American Journal of Political Science, and Party Politics.
Axel Michaelowa is head of the group on international climate policy at the chair "Political Economy and Development", University of Zurich and Center for Comparative and International Studies (CIS). Besides his research work, he is senior founding partner of the consultancy "Perspectives". Axel is a lead author of the chapter on international agreements in the 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change due in 2014 and wrote on mitigation policies in the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change published in 2007.
His research focuses on political parties, electoral systems, and legislatures, with a regional specialization in Latin America. Among his publications are Patterns of Legislative Politics: Roll Call Voting in the United States and Latin America's Southern Cone (Cambridge University Press, 2004), Legislative Politics in Latin America, (coeditor and contributor; Cambridge University Press, 2002), and Pathways to Power (coeditor and contributor, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008). His articles have appeared in the Journal of Politics, Comparative Political Studies; Comparative Politics, Party Politics, Electoral Studies, Review of International Political Economy, and other journals. He was also the primary investigator on a grant from the USAID to produce documents related to their political party development programs.
Paula M. Pickering is an Associate Professor of Government at the College of William and Mary whose research has focused on how Western Balkan citizens and elites influence international efforts to rebuild post-conflict societies and states. She is working on extending recent research investigating the impact of foreign aid for local democratic governance in the Western Balkans to post-conflict societies in other regions. Before getting her Ph.D. in Political Science (University of Michigan in 2001), she worked as a human rights officer for the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe's Mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina (1996) and as the politico-military analyst for Eastern Europe at the US Department of State (1990-1994).
Phillip is an Assistant Professor at the College of William & Mary. He received his Ph.D. in Political Science in 2007 from the University of Maryland and has held fellowships at Stanford University and Oxford University. His research has been published in World Politics, American Journal of Political Science and other journals.
Dr. Joel Selway is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at BYU. Selway's research addresses the design of democratic political institutions for ethnically-divided societies. He has analyzed topics as diverse as civil war, riots, economic growth and public goods provision. Selway's work has appeared in World Politics, Political Analysis, Comparative Political Studies, British Journal of Political Science, Journal of Conflict Resolution, among others.He received his PhD from the University of Michigan in 2009.
Bann Seng Tan is a visiting assistant professor in the Government Department at the College of William & Mary. He received his PhD from the Graduate Center at City University New York in 2013. In his research on foreign aid, he studies the effectiveness of aid conditionality in democracy promotion.
Joseph Wright is an assistant professor in the Department of Political Science and currently holds the Jeffrey L. and Sharon D. Hyde Early Career Professorship. He completed his Ph.D. at UCLA in 2007 and held post-doctoral positions at Princeton University and the University of Notre Dame. His research on foreign aid and autocratic politics has been published or is forthcoming in the American Journal of Political Science, the Annual Review of Political Science, British Journal of Political Science, Comparative Political Studies, International Organization, International Studies Quarterly, and the Journal of Politics. His research has been funded by the National Science Foundation and the Minerva Research Initiative.
Economic Growth Team
Christopher Kilby is Associate Professor of Economics and Emerging Scholar in International Business at the Villanova School of Business at Villanova University and the Economic Growth Team Leader. His research focuses on the political economy of foreign aid including how donor influence in international aid organizations impacts aid effectiveness. Kilby received his Ph.D. in Economics from Stanford University and his research has been featured in publications such as Journal of Development Economics, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Economics Letters, the Review of International Organizations, and World Development.
Axel Dreher is Professor of International and Development Politics at Heidelberg University. He received his PhD in Economics in 2003 from the University of Mannheim, Germany. He is Editor of the Review of International Organizations and author of the KOF Index of Globalization. Most of his current research is on political economy and economic development.
Samuel Brazys is Lecturer of International Relations at the University College Dublin. He completed his PhD at Indiana University (IN, USA). Prior to coming to UCD he worked as an Economic Adviser to the Federated States of Micronesia and most recently taught at the College of William and Mary (VA, USA). Brazys' research focuses broadly on development with a more narrow focus on the effectiveness of foreign aid. Recent and current research projects include examinations of donor heterogeneity in Aid for Trade, the consequences of aid dependency, non-linear effects of aid on governance, vote-buying in the United Nations General Assembly, the universality deficit in international institutions,
Robert K. Fleck is Professor of Economics at Clemson University. His main fields of interest include political economy, public finance, economic history, law and economics, and development economics. Much of his current research focuses on the causes and consequences of major political and economic transitions and on why only some countries adopt successful political and economic reforms. Before moving to Clemson, he was Professor of Economics at Montana State University. Fleck has been a Julian Simon Fellow (2005) and Lone Mountain Fellow (2013) at the Property and Environment Research Center (PERC), and a National Fellow at Stanford's Hoover Institution (2010-11). Fleck received his PhD in Economics from Stanford University.
Andrew W. Horowitz is Professor of Economics at the Sam M. Walton College of Business at the University of Arkansas (PhD University of Wisconsin – Madison). Dr. Horowitz has served as an analyst for the Congressional Budget Office, been a Fulbright Scholar in Brazil (FGV-Rio), consulted for The Inter-American Development Bank, and accompanied and advised a U.S. Congressional trade mission to Brazil. He has published articles in The American Economic Review, The International Economic Review, The Journal of International Economics, The Journal of Development Economics, and many other journals.
Erasmus Kersting is an Assistant Professor of Economics at Villanova University. He received his PhD in Economics from Texas A&M University in 2009. His research interests include studying macroeconomic fluctuations, as well as potential drivers of economic and societal development such as firm-level innovation and development aid. His articles have been published in journals such as Review of International Economics, Economic Inquiry, and Review of Economic Dynamics. He is work includes a recent article in the European Economic Review examining the impact of aid on democracy, coauthored with Christopher Kilby.
Homi Kharas is a senior fellow and deputy director for the Global Economy and Development program at Brookings. Formerly a chief economist in the East Asia and Pacific Region of the World Bank, Kharas currently studies policies and trends influencing developing countries, including aid to poor countries, the emergence of a middle class, the food crisis and global governance and the G20. He has served most recently as the lead author and executive secretary of the secretariat supporting the High Level Panel, co-chaired by President Sirleaf, President Yudhoyono and Prime Minister Cameron, advising the U.N. Secretary General on the post-2015 development agenda.
David Leblang is Professor and Chair of the Department of Politics at the University of Virginia. His work is in the area of international political economy with a focus on global migration, capital flows and financial markets. A specialist in political economy, Leblang has served as a consultant to the International Monetary Fund, The Directorate of Finance and Economics of the European Commission, and the Department of Defense. He is co-author of Democratic Politics and Financial Markets: Pricing Politics (2006) and more than thirty journal articles in publications including The American Political Science Review, The American Journal of Politics, International Organization, Economics and Politics, and the Journal of International Money and Finance. A graduate of Florida State University, David received his PhD from Vanderbilt University. Prior to arriving at the University of Virginia he taught at the College of William and Mary, the University of North Texas and the University of Colorado.
Helen V. Milner is the B. C. Forbes Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and the director of the Niehaus Center for Globalization and Governance at Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School. She was the chair of the Department of Politics from 2005 to 2011. She has written extensively on issues related to international political economy, the connections between domestic politics and foreign policy, globalization and regionalism, and the relationship between democracy and trade policy. She is currently working on issues related to globalization and development, such as the political economy of foreign aid, the "digital divide" and the global diffusion of the internet, and the relationship between globalization and democracy.
Elizabeth Ransom is an Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Richmond in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology. Her primary research interests are in international development, global agriculture and food systems with an emphasis on Southern Africa, and science and technology studies especially in relation to agriculture and food. She received her Ph.D. from Michigan State University.
Arilton Teixeira serves as director, teacher and researcher at FUCAPE Business School in Brazil. He is an Associate Editor of the Journal of Monetary Economics, the Brazilian Journal of Finance and Brazilian Business Review. His research focuses on international trade, international finance, economic growth and development, industrial organization, and governments motivations in provoding foreign assistance. He received his Ph.D in Economics at the University of Minnesota.
Jennifer Tobin joined the Georgetown Public Policy Institute in 2008 after completing doctoral studies at Yale University and a fellowship at Nuffield College, Oxford. Her main research interests are in the political economy of development, specifically focusing on international investment, small and microfinance, trade, and development assistance. She is currently working on projects focusing on property rights enforcement for small investors, free trade agreements in emerging market economies, and the emergence of pro-poor economic policies in developing countries. Prior to joining Georgetown she was a fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford, a Global Economy and Development Fellow at the Brookings Institution and worked for microfinance institutions in Uganda, Haiti, and Mexico. At GPPI Jennifer teaches the public management course focused on developing.
Patrick Paul Walsh took up the Chair in International Development Studies in the School of Politics and International Relations, University College Dublin, in 2007. He received a Ph.D .from the London School of Economics and Political Science in 1994. During 1992-2007 he was in the Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin. He left Trinity College Dublin an Associate Professor, College Fellow and Dean of Social and Human Sciences. He was a Visiting Professor at K.U. Leuven during 1997-1999 and a Research Scholar in the Department of Economics, Harvard University, during the academic year 2002-2003.
Matthew Winters is an Assistant Professor of Political Science and an Affiliated Faculty of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, African Studies, and East Asian Pacific Studies. He has contributed to books such as Handbook of Economic Governance: Players, Power and Paradigms, New Advances in Experimental Research on Corruption and has been published in journals such as International Studies Quarterly, Comparative Politics, and International Interactions.
Environment and Climate Change Team
Mark is an Assistant Professor at the University of California at Santa Barbara. He received his PhD from Duke University in 2011. Supported by the US National Science Foundation, he led a team of researchers who coded every World Bank, Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank and African Development Bank project completed since 1990 on a set of environmental performance indicators.
Sarah Glaser is a fisheries ecologist at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver. Her research investigates the ecology and population dynamics of fishes and the coupled natural- human feedbacks that structure fisheries. The goal of her research is to improve management and conservation of fish populations by improving predictions of changes in ecosystems. Sarah investigates complex dynamics and forecasting of ecological communities, socio-ecological feedbacks in fishery systems, food web ecology, and predator-prey dynamics.
Stuart Hamilton is Director of the GIS Program and Director of the Center for Geospatial Analysis at the College of William and Mary. He received his Ph.D. in Geography with a specialization in GIS from the University of Southern Mississippi. His research examines the role of land-cover land-use change on issues of development including food security and access to livelihoods.
Marc Levy serves as Deputy Director of the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), a unit of The Earth Institute at Columbia University. He is a political scientist specializing in the human dimensions of global environmental change. He has worked closely with the U.S. government and the United Nations on climate-security problems, and is currently a lead author on the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change Fifth Assessment. In addition to researching climate-security connections, Levy explores methods for predicting emerging infectious disease risk and for measuring sustainable development, and is leading a project in Haiti to reduce vulnerability to disaster risks by integrating ecology and economic development goals on a watershed scale.
Daniel is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at UC San Diego. His fields of specialization are International Relations (with a focus on International Political Economy) and Comparative Politics, but his research interests are much broader. His dissertation focuses on electoral geography and its consequences for economic policies. Daniel's other research focuses on conflict, the role of networks in diplomacy, policy-making in North Korea and voting, and an ongoing survey of the field of International Relations. His work has appeared in International Organization, International Studies Quarterly, Review of International Political Economy, Evaluation Review, Foreign Policy, International Journal, Politics and Gender.
Katherine is a professor of Political Economy and Development at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. She studied at the Universities of Mannheim and Hamburg and at the Delhi School of Economics. From 1997-2000, she was an administrator at the OECD, Paris (development research, co-ordination of donor policies, education policy and educational indicators); from 2000-2006 researcher at the Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWA / HWWI), since December 2001 as head of the research group "Trade and Development". Her research interests are development studies, public choice, economics of aid, education policy and international climate policy.
Marco is a Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center for Geospatial Analysis at the College of William & Mary. He received his PhD from the Graduate School of Geography at Clark University and a Master's degree from the University of Miami. He has 10 years of academic and professional experience with applications of Geospatial Analysis for land use/cover dynamics, sustainability indicators and development policy.
Alexander Pfaff, Ph.D., is Associate Professor of Public Policy, Economics and Environment and an environmental-and-natural-resources economist focused upon how economic development and the environment & natural resources affect each other. His research examines: impacts on deforestation of roads, protected areas and ecopayments (Brazil's Amazon, Costa Rica, Bolivia, Peru, Mexico and US); influences on harmful exposures (stove emissions in China and Pakistan, drinking arsenic in Bangladesh); responses to climate and water shocks in production and bargaining under water policies (Brazil's NE and Colombia); and how U.S. regulators might shift the incentives for firms to audit and provide information. This applied research aims to raise the chance that interventions have their intended impacts upon the environment and natural resources while benefiting all the people and groups they are designed to help.
J. Timmons Roberts is a Professor of Sociology at Brown University. He previously directed the Environmental Science and Policy program at the College of William & Mary from 2001-2008, and is Visiting Research Associate at the College of William & Mary's Institute for the Theory and Practice of International Relations. He received his PhD from Johns Hopkins University in 1992.
Amy Kracker Selzer is currently a Visiting Assistant Professor of Sociology at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, VA. She teaches courses in globalization, urban sociology, comparative sociology, and American society. Her current research projects examine the ways in which civil society engages with the state to foster urban development. Her work also examines the spatial dynamics of race and class in urban South Africa. She received her PhD in Sociology from Brown University in 2012.
Kate Weaver is Associate Professor and Graduate Director at the LBJ School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin. She is a lead researcher in the Strauss Center's Climate Change and African Political Stability (CCAPS) program and co-director (with Dr. Mike Findley) of Innovations for Peace and Development, which hosts one of the ACDP labs. Kate's research focuses on the diffusion and implementation of open data policies, reform of international financial institutions, and tracking and mapping climate and food security aid. She holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Global Health Team
Karen A. Grépin's research focuses on the economics and politics of health services in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on priority setting in health systems, factors affecting the demand and supply of maternal health services, and the effectiveness of development assistance for health. She is currently studying institutional and behavioral constraints to the uptake of key maternal and child health services, with active field studies in Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda.
Scott is a professor of international nutrition and epidemiology in the Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences at the College of William & Mary. His research focuses on understanding the causes of poor nutrition and on identifying and testing innovative methods for promoting maternal and child health. Dr. Ickes co-directs the public health minor and directs the Public Health Nutrition Lab.
Giuseppe is Full Professor of Statistics at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Rome (Italy). He also teaches in Lugano (Switzerland). He is one of the Founders and the Chairman of the Spatial Econometrics Association. He wrote more than 100 papers and 5 books on spatial statistics and spatial econometrics with applications mostly to economic inequality and environmental issues. His research interests include optimal spatial sampling, regional convergence and spatial concentration, and world inequality analysis.
Ariel is a Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Economics at the University of New South Wales, where he focuses on social learning, community building, and program evaluation. He also researches development economics, applied economics, and new institutional economics. He holds a BA from the University of Pittsburgh and a PhD from the University of Maryland.
Enrico is a researcher in the area of information visualization, human computer interaction and visual analytics. He uses interactive data visualization. His research focusses on the development of novel techniques and applications as well as on the understanding of how people interact with them.
Kim Yi Dionne is Five College Assistant Professor of Government at Smith College, where she teaches courses on African Politics, HIV/AIDS, and Field Research Methods. The substantive focus of her research is on the opinions of ordinary Africans toward interventions aimed at improving their condition and the relative success of such interventions. Her work has been published in African Affairs, Comparative Political Studies, and World Development.
Carrie is a GIS Analyst for AidData and a Research Fellow in Public Policy at the College of William and Mary. Carrie has over 10 years of experience using spatial tools such as geographic information systems and global positioning systems. She has written several articles on utilizing geocoded data to examine health outcomes and has advised projects in Africa and Latin America. Carrie holds an MPH from Tulane University and is pursuing her PhD in Healthcare Policy and Research at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Victoria Fan is a research fellow at the Center for Global Development. Her research focuses on the design and evaluation of health policies and programs as well as aid effectiveness in global health. Fan joined the Center after completing her doctorate at Harvard School of Public Health where she wrote her dissertation on health systems in India. Fan has worked at various nongovernmental organizations in Asia and different units at Harvard University and has served as a consultant for the World Bank and WHO. Fan is investigating health insurance for tertiary care in Andhra Pradesh, conditional cash transfers to improve maternal health, and the health workforce in India.
Diego is Assistant Professor (in economic statistics) at the University of Trento (Italy), Department of Economics and Management. He focuses primarily on the use and development of statistical methods to analyze micro-geographic data. Diego holds a MA in Economics from the University of Trento (Italy), and a PhD in Economic Statistics from the University of Rome "La Sapienza" (Italy).
Much of his work since 1987, first at the World Bank and now at the CGD, is on the economics of the AIDS epidemic. After work on the economic impact of the AIDS epidemic and on cost-effective interventions, he co-authored the Bank's first comprehensive treatment of the economics of AIDS in the book, Confronting AIDS: Public Priorities for a Global Epidemic (1997,1999). His most recent book is Achieving an AIDS Transition: Preventing Infections to Sustain Treatment (2011)in which he offers options, for donors, recipients, activists and other participants in the fight against HIV, to reverse the trend in the epidemic through better prevention. His previous publications include The Economics of Effective AIDS Treatment: Evaluating Policy Options for Thailand (2006). Other papers examine the economics of preventing and of treating malaria.
John Spencer holds a Master's degree in Geography and is a spatial analyst specializing in issues concerning health and medical geography. He has 20 years experience with spatial tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and spatial analysis methods. Mr. Spencer has cultivated experience in the use of these tools to better understand the distribution of health services and their relationship to populations in need, as well as using GIS to strengthen the available data infrastructure through its ability to link disparate data sets. He has co-authored a book on the use of GPS receivers in social science research, as well as multiple guides and toolkits which facilitate the use of spatial methods and techniques in health research. Additionally, Mr. Spencer has written numerous articles on methods and techniques for understanding accessibility and potential accessibility to health services. He has taught multiple courses, workshops and trainings on the use of GIS, GPS and other spatial tools.
John is a Professor of Biology at William and Mary and was Dean of Graduate Studies and Research from 2012-2013. The major question that has stimulated most of his research is centered on the role of environmental stressors in moderating ecological and evolutionary change—a question of growing importance as anthropogenic stressors on natural populations continue to increase. He started this exploration by exploring the role of environmental developmental stressors on visual communication, mating, competitive, and anti-predatory behaviors in birds and insects. Subsequently, he expanded his research program to include an explicit conservation angle to study how anthropogenic environmental disturbance (e.g. land use change and noise pollution) affects breeding performance and behavioral strategies in song birds. One of his current studies analyzes how the presence of World Bank projects affect bird biodiversity. Before William and Mary, Swaddle was an assistant professor at University of Bristol, where he also received his Ph.D in Behavioral Ecology.
Henrik Urdal obtained his PhD at the University of Oslo in 2007. Urdal is a senior researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, where he is affiliated with the Centre for the Study of Civil War. Since October 2010, he has been the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Peace Research. Urdal has held research fellowships at East West Center (Honolulu, Hawaii; 2005-2006) and at the Kennedy School of Government. He has previously worked for the Office of the Prosecutor at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (1999). His research addresses the relationship between demography, environment, and politics, particularly focusing on how population growth, "youth bulges", and climate change affect violent conflict.
Jim is co-author and instructor for GIS for Analysis of Health and a lecturer in GIS and Health Geography with the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom. He previously taught GIS at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. After studying for an MSc in Geographical Information Systems with University of Edinburgh in 1991, he went on to study a child nutrition information system in Zimbabwe for my Ph.D. Jim has continued to work in southern Africa, currently through a project called AQUATEST, which seeks to improve the data handling associated with drinking water quality monitoring. At the moment, he is also working on several research topics related to GIS for Analysis of Health. These topics include measuring access to safe water using GIS and examining the potential of cell phones for use in information systems within the developing world. Within the UK, Jim has recently been looking at geographical variation in prevalence patterns as recorded in primary care.
Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response Team
Josh is an Associate Professor at the LBJ School of Public Affairs. He has written extensively on climate change and security, transnational advocacy, and global public health among other areas. Josh holds a PhD in Government from Georgetown University, a BA in political science and biology from the University of North Carolina, and a BA from the University of East Anglia.
Jennifer is the Gruber Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science and the Goldman School of Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley. Her research seeks to understand the foundations of democratic politics in economically developing states. In particular, she is interested in the effects of diverse formal and informal institutional constraints—such as federalism, coalition politics, and corruption—on the behavior of politicians in electorally competitive environments. Bussell's regional focus is South Asia, and she has also conducted fieldwork in Africa and Latin America.
Andreas is a research scholar at Heidelberg University's Alfred-Weber-Institute for Economics, where he works for the Research Center for Distributional Conflict and Globalization. Andreas defended his dissertation at University of Goettingen in August 2012. During the 2012-2013 academic year, he was a postdoctoral research fellow at the Niehaus Center for Globalization and Governance at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School.
Nisha is a PhD student at the LBJ School of Public Affairs. Her current research interests lie at the intersection of development and environment. She worked on the Global Adaptation Atlas, conducted vulnerability assessments in Central and West Asia, and designed guidance on adaptation for USAID. She has presented and written on several topics including: monitoring and tracking systems for adaptation aid, the economic costs of adaptation, and application of valuation techniques for climate change. She holds an M.A. in Applied Economics from Johns Hopkins University and a B.A. in Economics and Political Science from Macalester College.
Erin's research interests are on issues of food security, poverty and inequality, and sustainable development. Specifically, she is pursuing two parallel research projects. First, she examines issues of food insecurity and international food assistance, US food aid and assistance polices, and response analysis – the portion of the programming cycle during which an agency identifies which transfer to distribute (cash, food, vouchers). Over the past decade of research on this topic, she has examined a range of issues relating to policy, targeting, and markets. Broadly she focuses on the institutional characteristics that shape a range of factors around food assistance programming design and delivery. Second, her dissertation focuses on the correlates of subjective wellbeing in sub-Saharan Africa, tracing the relationship between subjective wellbeing and structural inequality and intra-group inequality.
Patrick Meier (PhD) is an internationally recognized thought leader on the application of new technologies for crisis early warning, humanitarian response and resilience. He presently serves as Director of Social Innovation at the Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) where he develops and prototypes Next Generation Humanitarian Technologies using Social Computing, Big Data Analytics, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Patrick is also a UNICEF Humanitarian Innovations Fellow, a Rockefeller Foundation and PopTech Fellow, a Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (HHI) Fellow, a National Geographic Emerging Explorer and a member of the Academy of Achievement (AoA). Prior to QCRI, Patrick co-founded and co-directed the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative's (HHI) Program on Crisis Mapping & Early Warning and served as Director of Crisis Mapping at Ushahidi.
Dr. Gina Yannitell Reinhardt joined the Bush School faculty as an assistant professor after completing her PhD in political science at Washington University in St. Louis (2005). She has spent time researching in Brazil, Japan, Nicaragua, Portugal, Spain, Italy, and the US, where she investigates disasters, trust, and foreign aid allocation and effectiveness. This research fuels her interest in questions regarding decision making under uncertainty and the distribution of wealth in society. In 2007-08, she worked on the US Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, fulfilling a Congressional Fellowship from the American Political Science Association. While there, she investigated credit card abuses, money laundering, tax evasion, and foreign corruption, and was able to observe congressional oversight first-hand. She teaches quantitative methods, game theory, political economy of international development, and public policy analysis.
Todd's primary policy interests are international sustainable development and poverty reduction, especially in Africa. He has worked in China and Ethiopia with the international humanitarian aid organization Médicins Sans Frontières / Doctors Without Borders. During the summer of 2008, Todd worked with Impumelelo Innovations Award Trust in Cape Town, South Africa where he authored the recently published tenth volume in Impumelelo's Series of Best Practice, the second to focus on environmental programs. While pursuing his PhD, Todd is working as a research assistant with the Strauss Center on the DoD Minerva grant to study "Climate Change, State Stability and Political Risk in Africa."
Maurits is an Assistant Professor in Government at the College of William & Mary. He received his BA from Dartmouth College, an MS in computer science from Stanford University, and a PhD in government from Harvard University. His research examines ways policymakers think about foreign policy, and the impact that different frames have on policy choices.


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Posters and Presentations
The following posters and presentations can be downloaded, which provide an overview of the DIOMEDES project:
This is a list of the publications produced by the DIOMEDES partners, which have featured at major international conferences and in key peer reviewed journals.
- E. Ekmekcioglu, H. Kodikara Arachchi, A. Kondoz, C. G. Gurler, S. Savas, "Content Aware Delivery of Visual Attention Based Scalable Multi-View Video over P2P", 19th International Packet Video Workshop, Munich, Germany, May 2012.
- S. S. Savas, C. G. Gurler, A. M. Tekalp, "Quality of Experience of Multi-View Video for IP Delivery", 19th International Packet Video Workshop, Munich, Germany, May 2012.
- S. S. Savas, C.G. Gurler, A. M. Tekalp, E. Ekmekcioglu, S. T. Worrall, A. M. Kondoz, "Adaptive Streaming of Multi-View Video over P2P Networks" , Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 27, issue 5 (Special Issue on Advances in 2D/3D video streaming over P2P networks), pp. 522 – 531, May 2012.
- K. Kunze, J. Liebetrau, T. Korn, "Evaluating spatial congruency of 3D audio and video objects", AES 132nd Convention, Budapest, Hungary, 26-29 April, 2012. (available: http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=16317)
- N. Just, M. Laabs, E. Unver, B. Gunel, S. Worrall, A. Kondoz, "AVISION Audio and visual attention models applied to 2D and 3D audio-visual content", Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB 2011), Nuremberg, Germany, Jun. 2011.
- C. Gurler, S. Savas, M. Tekalp, "Variable Chunk Size and Adaptive Scheduling Window for P2P Streaming of Scalable Video", IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2012 (ICIP 2012), Florida, USA, Oct. 2012 (accepted)
- S. Savas, C. Gurler, M. Tekalp, "QoE based Adaptation Strategies of Multi-View Video for IP Delivery", IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2012 (ICIP 2012), Florida, USA, Oct. 2012 (accepted)
- K. Aydogdu, E. Dogan, H. Gokmen, C. Gurler, S. Savas, J. Hasselbach, T. Korn, E. Ekmekcioglu, T. Adari, "DIOMEDES: Content Aware and Adaptive Delivery of 3D Media over P2P/IP and DVB-T2", NEM Summit 2011, Turin, Italy, September 2011.
- S. Savas, A. Tekalp, C. Gurler, "Adaptive multi-view video streaming over P2P networks considering quality of experience", Proceedings of the 2011 ACM workshop on Social and behavioural networked media access, Arizona, USA, November 2011.
- Franck, Andreas, "Performance evaluation of algorithms for arbitrary sample rate conversion," in AES 131st Conference, New York, NY, Oct. 2011.
- Franck, Andreas, "Arbitrary Sample Rate Conversion with Resampling Filters Optimized for Combination with Oversampling ", IEEE Workshop Applications Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, New Paltz, NY, October 2011.
- J. Hasselbach, P. Aichroth, "Access Control and Content Authentication for Hybrid DVB-T2/P2P Broadcasting", IEEE International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITSP 2011), Abu Dhabi, December 2011.
- S.L.P. Yasakethu, S.T. Worrall, D.V.S.X. De Silva, W.A.C. Fernando, and A.M. Kondoz, "A Compound Depth And Image Quality Metric For Measuring The Effects Of Packet Loss On 3D Video", Int. Conf. Digital Signal Processing (DSP 2011), Corfu, Greece, July 2011.
- E. Ekmekcioglu, V. Velisavljevic, S.T. Worrall, "Content adaptive enhancement of multi-view depth maps for free viewpoint video", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, April 2011.
- C. Gurler, B. Gorkemli, G. Saygili, and A. Tekalp, "Flexible Transport of 3D Video over IP" Proceedings of the IEEE , April 2011. (IEEExplore link)
- E. Ekmekcioglu, S. T. Worrall, D.V.S.X. De Silva, W.A.C. Fernando, A. M. Kondoz, "Depth Based Perceptual Quality Assessment For Synthesised Camera Viewpoints", UCMedia, Spain, September 2010.
- Erhan Ekmekcioglu, Banu Günel, Maheshi Dissanayake, Stewart Worrall, Ahmet Kondoz, "A Scalable Multi-View Audiovisual Entertainment Framework With Content-Aware Distribution", Int. Conf. on Image Processing (ICIP), Hong Kong, September 2010.
- C. Gurler, K. Bagci, and A. Tekalp, "Adaptive Stereoscopic 3D Video Streaming", Int. Conf. on Image Processing (ICIP), Hong Kong, September 2010 . (IEEExplore link)
- G.Saygili, C.Gurler, and A. Tekalp, "Quality Assessment of Asymmetric Stereo Video Coding", Int. Conf. on Image Processing (ICIP), Hong Kong, September 2010.
- S.T. Worrall, A.M. Kondoz, D. Driesnack, M. Tekalp, P. Kovacs, Y. Lapid, H. Gokmen, P. Aicroth, "DIOMEDES: Content Aware Delivery of 3D Media Using P2P and DVB-T2", NEM Summit, September 2010.
Standards Contributions
- Erhan Ekmekcioglu, Stewart Worrall, Vladan Velisavljevic, Demuni De Silva, Ahmet Kondoz, "Multi-view Depth pre-processing using joint filtering for improved coding performance", ISO MPEG Doc No. m20070, March 2011, Geneva.
- Erhan Ekmekcioglu, Stewart Worrall, Hemantha Kodikara Arachchi, Safak Dogan, Banu Gunel, Ahmet Kondoz, "New Multi-view Test Sequences and Camera Parameters for 3DV Standardisation Work", MPEG Doc No. m20068, March 2011, Geneva.
- International Telecommunication Union, Radio Communication Sector, ITU-R Doc. 6C/564-E, "Report of the Meeting of Working Party 6C", Geneva, Switzerland, Nov. 2011. (In the context of objective quality assessment of multichannel audio transmission, IDMT participated in the PEAQ-MC standardization process)
Conference Presentations
- Stewart Worrall , "Immersive 3D Media Networking: Challenges and Solutions", tutorial presentation on 3D-TV conference, 16 - 18 May 2011, Antalya, Turkey.
- Erhan Ekmekcioglu, "Distribution of Multi-View Entertainment Using Content Aware Delivery Systems", presentation given in "Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Techniques for Media Delivery" workshop, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK, February 2012.

subset: commoncrawl


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comments sponsored by
Divorce Train Wrecks, Legal Ethics, Rudeness, State Judges, State Judges Are Clowns, Videos, YouTube
Early in July, we wrote about a family court judge who found himself in hot water after a video of him yelling at a pastor who was going through a divorce went viral.
Now, the judge has been hit with expedited ethics charges — not over his hot-tempered behavior, though, but for allegedly ignoring orders from higher-ups on the state judicial food chain. And, as you might expect, the judge is not exactly Zen about facing the charges…
Here's what the Charleston Gazette has to say about Judge William Watkins:
A Putnam County Family Court judge says he is "infuriated" by ethics charges filed against him in the West Virginia Supreme Court, and said he has asked the court for help with an overwhelming caseload to no avail.
Supreme Court administrator Steve Canterbury filed an expedited ethics complaint against Judge William Watkins in late July after discovering Watkins had allegedly failed repeatedly to rule on cases even after having been ordered to do so by Putnam circuit court judges. The formal charges, served Friday, also claim Watkins failed to enter domestic violence orders into the state's tracking system.
Watkins, the only Family Court judge in Putnam County, said Saturday at times he is forced to hold up to 40 hearings a day and has repeatedly asked for help from the Supreme Court to handle his "overwhelming" caseload.
"This is really about caseloads," Watkins said. "To say that I've been unethical is just infuriating."
Man, I'm sorry you feel overwhelmed by your job. I hate to break it to you, Your Honor, but SO DOES EVERYONE. Except for all those unemployed attorneys roaming the countryside, who would probably be willing to cut off a toe for your job.
(Also, not to split hairs, but saying you are "infuriated" probably isn't a great choice, seeing as the internet is well aware of what your anger can look like. It ain't pretty, and it led to being called "out of control" in the press. It's probably not going to help you here.)
In fairness to Judge Watkins, he claims that he's doing the work of one and a half judge. He told the newspaper that he has the highest divorce caseload in the state. And regarding his videotaped tirade, it sounds like the controversy did make some impact on him:
"I'm still embarrassed about my tirade against Pastor Hage," Watkins said. "I come across like a lunatic."
Fair enough — he is overworked, so maybe things take a little longer to get done. But it allegedly took two years to deal with some of the cases at issue in the ethics charges. That's more than a little a delay.
Unfortunately, overworked or not, no matter who you are, you have to get your job done in a timely manner, without making too many people angry — at least if you want to keep it. Is it too little, too late for Judge Watkins? Well, if worst comes to worst, he would not be the only state judge to wind up on the breadline this year.
Putnam County family court judge charged [Charleston Gazette]
Putnam judge responds, denies ethics claims [Charleston Gazette]
comments sponsored by


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Narrow your search
The International Space Station once again steps into the moonlight in an extraordinary photo. See if you can spot it.
Check out the free games of August 2015 available on PlayStation Plus and Xbox Live's Games with Gold services.
The Buffalo WXR-1900DHPD router is too expensive for what it has to offer. Skip it and pick one of many better options out there.
We want to believe in whisky that's out of this world.
While owners of NFC-enabled phones will benefit from the MiniStation drive's convenient encryption unlocking feature, there are cheaper and faster options available for those with simpler needs.
We spoke to TeamRock, the British station leaving broadcast radio behind in search of a new global audience.
For Road Trip 2015, CNET went to San Jose, California, to talk with Vietnamese Americans who traveled a long way to get to where they are today.
Clicking around the European Space Agency's recently expanded website feels like the next best thing to being an astronaut.
Lego Jurassic World freshens up the formula. You can insert your own bone-related pun here.
The original PlayStation's CPU is powering the New Horizons space probe.


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|PitchVision Academy - PitchVision Academy Cricket Show 224.mp3
Burners, David Hinchliffe and Mark Garaway return to discuss cricket coaching and playing. There are tales of Garas getting a duck and Burners scoring hundreds for fun.
But we also talk tips including when to bring young players into adult cricket, playing on seaming wickets and keeping a good seam position when bowling.
Download the show and listen on your iPod Touch, iPhone or iPad, or just listen right here in the browser to half an hour of cricket goodness in your ears.
PitchVision News Links
- PV/VIDEO helps chuckers
- The race to 100 on interactive
- Inspired Cricket's Iain Brunnschweiler
How to Send in Your Questions
If you want to win a cricket coaching prize, you need to send in your burning questions to the show. If your question is the best one we give you a free online cricket coaching course!
Send in your questions via:
Or you can call and leave your question on the Academy voice mail:
- +44 (0)203 239 7543
- +61 (02) 8005 7925
How to Listen to the Show
Just click the "play" button at the top of the article.
Or, the show comes out every Friday and you can listen to it on your computer, mp3 player, smart phone, iPad or other tablet every week automatically.
Download in iTunes
Click here to subscribe to the weekly show in iTunes
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If you don't use iTunes, you can get the show from the RSS feed. Click here
You can also download this show onto your computer by clicking the play button at the top of the article, or clicking on the mp3 to download.
This is show number 224.


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Improve your game with Garmin golf GPS systems
If you take a minute to think about how technology has affected sports you will realize that it has helped a lot athletes and sportsmen improve their game. You have software and computers to help you in almost sports these days. The same goes with golf as well. Garmin have designed a GPS system which helps you keep track and improve your game.
These GPS systems come preloaded with almost every golf track out there. These golf GPS systems basically have a highly sensitive GPS receiver to measure individual shot distances and show the exact yardage to fairways, hazards and greens. You can also track your game by recording your stats with these GPS systems. You can later review these stats on a computer. These Garmin golf GPS systems are quite good if you want to seriously improve your game or collect facts about your style of play. Among the Garmin golf GPS systems available the Approach G5 device for North America is a pretty decent one to get.
The Approach G5 golf GPS system is a very reliable device if you are serious about improving your game. This GPS is very well designed and is waterproof as well. This GPS device is packed with about 17500 US and Canadian course maps. This number is still growing and it should cover almost every golf course in America in the next few years. This GPS device will give you stunning detail of all the courses it has preloaded. The GPS receiver is extremely sensitive and you will be able to accurately point your location on the course. The bright touch screen of this device is pretty good even in sunlight conditions. Thanks to the touch screen it is very easy for accurately measure the distance to your next shot.
The Garmin Approach also keeps track of your score digitally and you can save and review the scores on your computer at home. Apart from saving your scores you can also track important stats like putts per round, greens hit in regulation, fairways hit and the average distance you hit every club thanks to the Stat Tracking software package provided. This device is also quite portable and you could just place it on your ez-go golf cart and use it when needed. This device is perfect for golfers who are looking to take their game up a notch.


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Greg Abbott, Wendy Davis now set sights on general election
Abbott gets GOP nod; Davis secures Democratic nomination
Copyright 2014 by KSAT - All rights reserved.
The views expressed are not those of this company or its affiliated companies. Please note by clicking on "Post" you acknowledge that you have read the Terms of Service and the comment you are posting is in compliance with such terms.blog comments powered by Disqus


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"As long as he's with mom, he's very happy," said Mike Reignier.
The little bundle of joy was born at 11:05 a.m. on 11-12-13.
"It's just so unique," said Tina Reignier. "Something I know that will be talked about."
Tina was actually able to pick the lucky date. She needed to schedule a c-section for sometime this week.
"We found out it was a boy and there was really no other surprise to it," she explained. "So I said the baby needs to have the 11-12-13 birthday. I asked the doctor about it and he said that would be a really great idea."
The proud parents said a special birthday is very fitting for their baby boy. They already have two teenage children and news Tommy was on the way was quite a surprise.
"Maybe someday he'll be bringing his birth certificate in for show and tell," added Tina. "that I was born on 11-12-13. Just something different and unique. It may be luck too, who knows."
More than a dozen babies were born at local hospitals on 11-12-13.


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Dr. Kenneth Young is one of the organizers of a new Research Coordination Network (RCN)
Tropical Cloud Forest Research Coordination Network
Posted: May 22, 2012
Dr. Kenneth Young is one of the organizers of a new Research Coordination Network (RCN) on tropical montane cloud forest ecology funded by the National Science Foundation. The others are Drs. Patrick Martin (PI, Colorado State University), Heidi Asbjornsen, Thomas Giambelluca, and Frederick Scatena.
The central purpose of this research network is to increase interaction and information exchange among scientists, students, managers, and educators interested in the ecology, biogeography, and management of tropical cloud forests. The network will sponsor a series of workshops, research exchanges, and training programs over the next five years.
Tropical montane cloud forests are unique ecosystems found on high, mist-covered mountains throughout the tropics. They play critical roles in biodiversity protection and the supply of water resources, yet they remain one of the world's least studied environments.
The RCN will build an international research network to help bridge current constraints: 1) limited cross-site and methodological compatibility, 2) little discourse across disciplinary boundaries, and 3) few syntheses of research findings. The RCN will help standardize scientific techniques, promote new technologies and interdisciplinary approaches, and synthesize datasets across regional and global scales.
The RCN's kick-off meeting will take place at the Ecological Society of American Annual Meeting in Portland, Oregon, on 7 August 2012. There will be a Special Session entitled "Towards a unified ecology of tropical montane cloud forests".


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Clocking In
You have clocked in to MySA.com's business news blog about San Antonio and South Texas businesses and business people.
Posts by Author
Spa gets Hilton makeover
The old Radisson Hill Country Resort & Spa near SeaWorld San Antonio is now the Hilton San Antonio Hill Country Hotel and Spa thanks to a changeover unveiled by Hilton Thursday. "As the most recent addition to our San Antonio portfolio, this property offers a distinct and inspirational experience for guests visiting the region," said […] [Read More]
20 S.A. hotels earn Four Diamond honors
Twenty hotels in San Antonio are Four Diamond Award winners from AAA this year, giving San Antonio the top ranking for Four Diamond operations in the state and one of the top in the country. San Antonio's 20 Four Diamond listings is only slightly behind the 22 Four Diamond hotels AAA recognized in Chicago and […] [Read More]
Cities bracing for hit
The U.S. Conference of Mayors is forecasting that one of the deepest recessions on record will continue this year, dragging down labor markets in most of the country's big cities with it. Only five of the nation's largest 363 metropolitan areas will escape job josses in 2009 and almost half will experience job declines of greater […] [Read More]
CEO confidence sets low
It's not just the little guy who's depressed about prospects for the economy. The Conference Board said CEO confidence as measured by its quarterly survey fell 16 points in the fourth quarter to 24, the lowest level it's hit since the survey started in 1976. The fourth quarter report marked only the second sub-30 reading […] [Read More]
Broadway Bank happy with bump
Broadway Bank has received a ratings upgrade from TheStreet.com to "A+," the higest score available, Broadway officials said Thursday. Its prior score at TheStreet had been an "A." Bank officials said better earnings in 2008 combined with an improved leverage ratio and strong loan quality were behind the upgrade. Seven of the 40 banks to […] [Read More]
Mango board has local flavor
The National Mango Board – the one that administers an industry-funded research and promotion program – will include one member from Boerne. U.S. Agriculture Secretary Ed Schafer announced Wednesday that Curtis DeBerry of Progreso Produce in Boerne and two Mission businesspeople had been named to the board in places reserved for Distirct II importers. The […] [Read More]
Farm Bureau conference next up
Only days after the National Cotton Council of America's conference left town, the American Farm Bureau Federation will be arriving in its place with an annual meeting expected to draw more than 5,000 people. The federation's 90th annual meeting will begin Sunday at the convention center and end Monday for general members and Wednesday for […] [Read More]
Benefit goes high tech
The 21st annual Tux 'N Tennies dinner and auction benefiting the Spurs Foundation will go on tonight at the Convention Center, but you don't actually have to be there to catch the festivities. San Antonio's NewTek Inc. said the fundraiser would be produced and streamed live on the Spurs Web site using the company's TriCaster […] [Read More]
Economic 'whaz-up' session returns
Looking for some answers about pressing economic issues? Need a chance to meet with a variety of business officials over a short period? Maybe you just don't have enough economic data about San Antonio. Then maybe you should consider attending the 38th annual Economic Outlook Conference that the Greater San Antonio Chamber of Commerce is […] [Read More]
Austin fan gets called up
It's not unusual for the San Antonio Spurs to move up players from the Austin Toros, their development league affiliate. But this week the team reached into the stands for a call-up. The Toros announced that Joey Miller, one of their season ticket holder, had been "called up" by the Spurs to be recognized at […] [Read More]
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Improv group to play April Fools' Day showWritten by Emily Gibb | | firstname.lastname@example.com
The Around the Bend Players, an improvisational comedy troupe that has been making Toledo laugh for 13 years, is coming back from a yearlong hiatus with a show on April 1 in Sylvania.
The Around the Bend Players' shows are "a little bit stand-up comedy and a little bit theater," said group member Tom Hofbauer. "It's a lot of double entendre, but it's nothing worse than 'How I Met Your Mother' on Monday nights."
While the show is open to all ages, Hofbauer said kids younger than 14 or 15 might not get it. They use many current events and obscure references — or what Hofbauer calls "intelligent humor."
"There aren't a lot of bodily function jokes," he said.
Since they are performing in a restaurant rather than a bar, it's still a family-friendly event.
Their shows are set up very similar to the popular improv show hosted by Drew Carey, "Whose Line Is It Anyway?" They take audience suggestions and play about 15 to 18 games that are generally three to five minutes long.
If the audience members see something they don't like, Hofbauer said, they just have to wait four minutes and the comedians are on to something different.
"It changes constantly and the energy from the audience and the suggestions from the audience really drive the entire evening," he said. "We're the best-kept secret in Toledo for 13 years, but we have a nice loyal following."
The Around the Bend Players are performing at 8 p.m. at the SouthBriar, 5147 Main St., Sylvania. Dinner is available prior to the show and drinks and appetizers will be available during the show.
For more information, visit www.aroundthebendplayers.com.
Tags: Around the Bend Players, Comedy, Star


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Cisco.com Worldwide Home
Document ID: 16122
Updated: Mar 09, 2009
Valuable time and resources are often wasted replacing hardware that
actually functions properly. This document helps troubleshoot potential
hardware issues with Cisco 7200 Series Routers, and can help you identify which
component may be causing a hardware failure, depending on the type of error
that the router is experiencing.
Note: This document does not cover any software-related failures except for
those that are often mistaken as hardware issues.
The Cisco 7200 Series Router contains a single Network Processor Engine
(NPE) or Network Services Engine (NSE), an Input/Output (I/O) controller card,
and can have up to six Port Adapters (PAs) for the 7206/7206VXR chassis.
For a more detailed understanding of the Cisco 7200 Series Router
Architecture, refer to
7200 Series Router Architecture.
Cisco recommends that you have knowledge of these topics:
7200 Series Routers Documentation
7200 Port Adapter Documentation
Router Crashes
Series Router Field Notices
The information in this document is not specific to any Cisco IOS®
software release, but applies to all Cisco IOS software versions that run on
the 7200 Series Router.
This document covers troubleshooting on the 7200 Series Router for both
the standard and VXR chassis including the 7202, 7204/7204VXR, and the
For hardware troubleshooting assistance on the uBR7200 Series
platforms, refer to
Troubleshooting for the Cisco uBR72xx / uBR7246 VXR Universal Broadband
The information in this document was created from the devices in a
specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with
a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you
understand the potential impact of any command.
Whenever you install a new card, module, or Cisco IOS software image,
it is important to verify that the router has enough memory, and that the
hardware and software are compatible with the features you wish to use.
Perform these recommended steps to check for hardware-software
compatibility and memory requirements:
Use the
Software Advisor tool
(registered customers only)
to choose software for your
network device.
Software Support for Features
(registered customers only)
section helps you
determine the Cisco IOS software image needed by choosing the types of features
you wish to implement.
Use the
Download Software Area
(registered customers only)
to check the minimum amount
of memory (RAM and Flash) required by the Cisco IOS software, and/or to
download the Cisco IOS software image. To determine the amount of memory (RAM
and Flash) installed on your router, see
If you want to keep the same features as the version that is
currently running on your router, but don't know which feature set you are
using, enter the show version command on your router
and paste it on the
Output Interpreter
(registered customers only)
tool to find out. It is important
to check for feature support, especially if you plan to use recent software
If you need to upgrade the Cisco IOS software image to a new
version or feature set, refer to
to Choose a Cisco IOS Software Release for more information.
If you determine that a Cisco IOS software upgrade is required,
complete the
Installation and Upgrade Procedure for the Cisco 7200 series router.
Refer to Oversized Cisco
7200/uBR 7200 Boot Image for more information about the upgrade of the
boot image on older and newer models of the Cisco 7200 Series Router.
Message Decoder
(registered customers only)
tool allows you to check the meaning of an error
message. Error messages appear on the console of Cisco products, usually in the
following form:
%XXX-n-YYYY : [text]
%XXX-n-YYYY : [text]
Here is an example error message:
Router# %SYS-2-MALLOCFAIL: Memory allocation of [dec] bytes failed from [hex], pool [chars], alignment [dec]
Router# %SYS-2-MALLOCFAIL: Memory allocation of [dec] bytes failed from [hex], pool [chars], alignment [dec]
Some error messages are informational only, while others indicate
hardware or software failures and require action. The
Message Decoder
(registered customers only)
tool provides an explanation of the message, a
recommended action (if needed), and if available, a link to a document that
provides extensive troubleshooting information about that error message.
Refer to
Technical Tips Conventions for more information on document
In order to determine the cause, the first step is to capture as much
information about the problem as possible. This information is essential to
determine the cause of the problem:
Crashinfo file(s): When the router crashes, a file
is saved into the bootflash of the I/O controller. That file contains details
on the reason why the crash occurred. Refer to
Information from the Crashinfo File for more details.
Console logs and/or Syslog information: These are
crucial in determining the originating issue if multiple symptoms are
occurring. For more information on how to set up your PC to view console logs,
refer to
Correct Terminal Emulator Settings for Console Connections. If the
router is set up to send logs to a syslog server, you may find some information
on what happened. For details, refer to
to Configure Cisco Devices for Syslog. In general, it is best to be
directly connected to the router on the console port with
Show Technical-Support: The
show technical-support command is a compilation of
many different commands which includes show version,
show running-config and show
stacks. When a Cisco 7200 runs into problems, the Cisco Technical
Assistance Center (TAC) usually asks for this information. It is important to
collect the show technical-support before a reload
or power-cycle as either of these can cause all information about the problem
to be lost.
The complete bootup sequence if the router experiences boot errors.
If you have the output of a show command
from your Cisco device, you can use registered
You can use Output Interpreter to display potential issues
and fixes. To use Output Interpreter, you must be a
There are a few issues that can be misinterpreted as hardware problems
when, in fact, they are not. For instance, a failure following a new hardware
installation is not always a hardware issue. Another example is when the router
stops responding or "hangs".
This table provides symptoms, explanations, and troubleshooting steps
for these commonly misinterpreted issues:
%PA-2-UNDEFPA: Undefined Port Adapter
type 106 in bay 2
System restarted by bus error at
PC 0x30EE546, address 0xBB4C4
** System received a Bus Error
System restarted by error -
a SegV exception
** System received a SegV
exception **
Software-forced crash
** System received a Software
forced crash **
This is one of the most common types of errors that is frequently
misunderstood and can possibly cause unnecessary down time if appropriate
troubleshooting is not performed.
The purpose of this section is to describe what forms of parity errors
can be detected by Cisco IOS software, and how to decipher or diagnose a "hard
parity error" (one that reoccurs and is due to faulty or damaged hardware) and
a "soft parity error" (a transient change in charge in a DRAM cell that is not
due to faulty or damaged hardware). There is evidence of significant field
returns for "soft parity errors" for which replacing the hardware has no
At the first occurrence of a parity error, it is not possible to
distinguish between a "soft parity error" and a "hard parity error". From
experience, most parity occurrences are soft parity errors and can usually be
dismissed. If you have recently changed some hardware or have moved the
chassis, try reseating the affected part (DRAM, SRAM, NPE, PA). Frequent
multiple parity occurrences signify faulty hardware. The affected part (DRAM,
PA, VIP, or motherboard) should be replaced using the troubleshooting
instructions mentioned below.
Refer to
7200 Series Router Architecture for an overview of this platform.
The Cisco 7200 series uses DRAM, SDRAM and SRAM memory on the NPE in
various combinations, depending on the NPE model:
PCI Bus—There are three PCI data buses in the
Cisco 7200: PCI 0, PCI 1, and PCI 2. PCI 1 and PCI 2 extend from the NPE to the
midplane and interconnect the media interfaces (port adapters) to the CPU and
the memory on the NPE. PCI 0 is separate and is used to connect the media
interface and the PCMCIA on the I/O controller to the CPU and the memory on the
NPE. Running at 25 MHz, PCI 0, PCI 1, and PCI 2 provide up to 800 Mbps each in
I/O controller—Provides the console connection,
the auxiliary connection, the NVRAM, the Boot ROM, the Boot FLASH, and the
built-in interface controller (either an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet interface).
The I/O controller also provides access to the Flash memory cards in the PCMCIA
card slot through PCI bus 0.
I/O Bus—Interconnects the non-PCI components on
the I/O controller (Console port, AUX port, NVRAM, Boot ROM, and the Boot
FLASH) to the CPU and the NPE.
DRAM parity error (transient (alpha particle) or hard failure)
SRAM parity error (transient or hard failure)
Processor internal cache parity exception (instruction or data
Interface processor writing bad parity into MEMD (SRAM)
Bus parity error (error in CMD, address, or data portion of a bus
Manufacturing defect (bad solder, broken traces, cold solder joint,
and so on)
Refer to the
7200 Parity Error Fault Tree to view the steps to troubleshoot and
isolate which part or component of a Cisco 7200 is failing when you identify a
variety of parity error messages.
Refer to
Memory Parity Errors (PMPEs) for detailed information about parity error
One way to find out where the error has occurred is by looking at the
"restart reason" in the console logs, and in the output of the
show version command:
Parity Error in DRAM
If you have not manually reloaded the router after the crash, the
show version output should look like this:
System restarted by processor memory parity error at PC 0x601799C4, address 0x0
System image file is "flash:c4500-inr-mz.111-14.bin", booted via flash
System restarted by processor memory parity error at PC 0x601799C4, address 0x0
System image file is "flash:c4500-inr-mz.111-14.bin", booted via flash
If you have the output of a show command
from your Cisco device, you can use registered
You can use Output Interpreter to display potential issues
and fixes. To use Output Interpreter, you must be a
If a crashinfo file is available, or if console logs have been
captured, you might also see something similar to this:
*** Cache Error Exception ***
Cache Err Reg = 0xa0255c61
data reference, primary cache, data field error , error on SysAD Bus
PC = 0xbfc0edc0, Cause = 0xb800, Status Reg = 0x34408007
*** Cache Error Exception ***
Cache Err Reg = 0xa0255c61
data reference, primary cache, data field error , error on SysAD Bus
PC = 0xbfc0edc0, Cause = 0xb800, Status Reg = 0x34408007
Repeated parity error in DRAM means that either the DRAM or the chassis
is defective. If the chassis has been recently moved, or if hardware
configuration changes have been performed, re-seating the DRAM chips can solve
the problem. Otherwise, replace the DRAM as a first step. This should prevent
the parity errors. If the router still crashes, replace the chassis only after
first exhausting all the infomation in this section and consulting the Cisco
Parity Error in SRAM
If you have not manually reloaded the router after the crash, you will
see something like this in the show version
System restarted by shared memory parity error at PC 0x60130F40
System image file is "flash:c4500-inr-mz.111-14.bin", booted via flash
System restarted by shared memory parity error at PC 0x60130F40
System image file is "flash:c4500-inr-mz.111-14.bin", booted via flash
If a crashinfo file is available, or if console logs have been
captured, you might also see something similar to this:
*** Shared Memory Parity Error ***
shared memory control register= 0xffe3
error(s) reported for: CPU on byte(s): 0/1
*** Shared Memory Parity Error ***
shared memory control register= 0xffe3
error(s) reported for: CPU on byte(s): 0/1
%PAR-1-FATAL: Shared memory parity error
shared memory status register= 0xFFEF
error(s) reported for: CPU on byte(s): 0/1 2/3
%PAR-1-FATAL: Shared memory parity error
shared memory status register= 0xFFEF
error(s) reported for: CPU on byte(s): 0/1 2/3
*** Shared Memory Parity Error ***
shared memory control register= 0xffdf
error(s) reported for: NIM1 on byte(s): 0/1 2/3
*** Shared Memory Parity Error ***
shared memory control register= 0xffdf
error(s) reported for: NIM1 on byte(s): 0/1 2/3
Note: If the error is reported for CPU, replace the SRAM. If the error is
reported for NIM(x), replace the network module in slot (x). The SRAM allocated
to slot (x) might also be affected, so you might have to replace the SRAM.
Repeated parity errors in SRAM most probably indicate either defective SRAM
chips, or a defective network module that has written bad parity in the SRAM.
If the chassis has been moved recently, or if hardware configuration changes
have been performed, re-seating the network modules and the SRAM chips can
solve the problem. Otherwise, check where the error was reported in the console
logs (see output example above).
Refer to these links for more information:
a Parity Error
(Transient) Versus Hard Parity Errors (Hardware-related)
the Problem
The %IP-3-LOOPPAK: Looping packet detected and
dropped error message is received because of a looping packet
that has been detected. A common cause is a misconfiguration of an IP helper
address. The helper address should be the same address as that of the server of
the intended service. Putting the address of the router in the helper address
causes a routing loop to be created.
The recommended action is to analyze the source and destination address
of the looped packets and verify that the configuration of the IP helper
addresses in the router correctly points to the right device and does not point
to the local router itself.
The system encounters a bus error when the processor tries to access a
memory location that either does not exist (a software error) or does not
respond properly (a hardware problem). A bus error can be identified by looking
at the output of the show version command provided
by the router (if it has not been power-cycled or manually reloaded).
This issue can be either hardware- or software-related. This is an
example of such an error message:
*** System received a Bus Error exception ***
signal= 0xa, code= 0x18, context= 0x6206b820
PC = 0x606e356c, Cause = 0x6020, Status Reg = 0x3400800
*** System received a Bus Error exception ***
signal= 0xa, code= 0x18, context= 0x6206b820
PC = 0x606e356c, Cause = 0x6020, Status Reg = 0x3400800
This is followed by a router reload. In some cases, however, the router
goes into a loop of crashes and reloads and manual intervention is required to
break out of this loop. Refer to the
Techniques for Bus Error Exception Boot Loops section of
Bus Error Crashes for more information.
For potential hardware-related issues, complete these steps:
Power down the router and remove the Port Adapters (PAs) from the
unit. Power the system back up and see if the problem continues.
If the system reloads correctly, place each PA back into the router
one at a time, watching for proper installation (no bus error exceptions).
If the system does NOT reload correctly, and continues to reboot or
display the Bus Error Exception message, further investigation is necessary to
determine the root cause of the errors. The issue might be within the I/O
controller or the NPE, or it could be a software error. Refer to
Bus Error Crashes for more information about this issue.
If the Cisco 7200 series router is continuously rebooting, even after a
power-cycle of the router, then something is probably wrong with the hardware.
Comeplete these troubleshooting steps:
Remove all the cards, except for the NPE and the I/O controller card;
then power-cycle the router.
If it still fails, check if there is a valid image on it. To do this,
you must be directly connected to the console port of the router.
the break key within the first 60 seconds of bootup to go into ROMmon.
From there, you can follow the procedures in
Recovery Procedure to try to recover.
If the router still does not boot, and you are sure that there is a
valid image on it, then the NPE and/or the I/O controller card is most likely
faulty. However, the fault may be limited to the memory of the NPE or NSE. In
this case, replace the memory.
If the router still fails, replace the I/O
If the router still fails, replace the NPE or NSE.
A 7200 Series Router might experience a router hang. A hang is when the
router boots to a certain point and then no longer accepts any commands or
keystrokes. In other words, the console screen hangs after a certain point.
Hangs are not necessarily hardware issues and, most of the time, are
software issues. If your router is experiencing a router hang, refer to
Router Hangs.
Refer to
and Bandwidth Point Requirements for details.
You can use a Cisco 7200 Series Router with a port adapter
configuration that exceeds the guidelines listed in this section; however, to
prevent anomalies from occurring while the router is in use — for example, High
CPU (Sluggish performance) — Cisco strongly recommends restricting the port
adapter types installed in the router according to the guidelines listed in the
links in this section and based on the hardware you have installed.
Note: Your port adapter configuration must be within the above guidelines
before the Cisco Technical Assistance Center will troubleshoot anomalies that
are occurring in your Cisco 7200 series router.
Technically, you should not exceed the bandwidth points on a 7200 not
because of the bus capacity, but due to instantaneous bus bandwidth and memory
latency. In other words, this is not a CPU-loading issue, but a bus bandwidth
issue. At some point (regardless of packet throughput), you will get memory
requests from all of them at the same time because all have data on them. In
this situation, the PCI bus contention cannot guarantee that all the PAs will
be serviced before you get overruns and possibly PCI bus timeouts.
The other issue is that this affects SRAM allocation. There is a
limited block of SRAM, and this is carved up to the first three fast
interfaces, so that one of your fast interfaces will have to use a DRAM memory
pool. This increases the memory latency for this interface, and it is likely
that overruns will occur. (Note this is only relevant for the NPE-150 and
Port adapters use various types of resources from the chassis and the
NPE or NSE. Bandwidth is a term that describes port adapter resource
requirements. Bandwidth includes variables such as speed, memory, CPU
requirements, and PCI bus bandwidth. Because of changes in architecture in the
network processing engines over the years, two methods have been developed to
describe port adapter bandwidth requirements. The methods are reflected in the
Bandwidth Resource Requirement column and the Bandwidth Points column of
1-6. However, the information in these columns must be considered with
the information in these sections:
Bandwidth Calculation and Configuration Instructions
NPE-300, and NSE-1 Bandwidth Calculation and Configuration
NPE-200, NPE-175, NPE-150, and NPE-100 Bandwidth Calculation and
Here is a list of troubleshooting resources:
Adapter Hardware Configuration Guidelines
Adapter Installation Requirements
Adapter Specifications
Adapter Compatibility for Cisco 7200 VXR Routers
Port Adapters
Here is a list of references to use for troubleshooting serial
Troubleshooting Flowchart
Serial Lines
Tests for T1/56K Lines
Was this document helpful? Yes No
Thank you for your feedback.
Open a Support Case (Requires a Cisco Service Contract.)
The Cisco Support Community is a forum for you to ask and answer questions, share suggestions, and
collaborate with your peers.
Refer to Cisco Technical Tips Conventions for information on conventions used in this document.


text:
Associate Veterinarians in the United States pull down an average of $70K annually. Individual bonuses, profit sharing and commission for Associate Veterinarians — as high as $10K, $20K and $38K, respectively — each contribute to the degree of variation within overall compensation, ranging from $52K to $102K. Compensation for this group is mainly affected by career length, but the specific employer and location are influential factors as well. Medical benefits are awarded to a majority, and one-fourth earn dental coverage. Most Associate Veterinarians like their work and job satisfaction is high. Men are in the minority of survey respondents, with female Associate Veterinarians making up 73 percent. The data in this summary comes from the PayScale salary survey.
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Associate veterinarian positions are available at many pet hospitals, veterinary clinics, and veterinarians' offices. Requirements for these jobs often vary based on the size of the hospital, the pay level, and demand for the position. However, educational requirements generally include a doctor of veterinary medicine degree or equivalent. Many positions also require a license with state veterinary boards, and some jobs require a license with the Drug Enforcement Agency as well. Previous veterinary experience is generally required or preferred.Read More...
The basic duties of the associate veterinarian's job revolve around working with animals and their owners to evaluate, diagnose, and treat those animals for any illnesses; they also provide preventative care. Specific tasks performed during a visit may include everything from providing basic vaccinations to consulting with owners about treatment options to performing surgery. The ability to work with a team of veterinary staff members to effectively treat animals is essential, and this job also involves frequent communication with owners to determine their preferences and concerns. The associate veterinarian must be able to effectively communicate with owners about their treatment options and recommended preventative care. In all tasks, it is important to follow strict guidelines and protocols for safety and efficiency.
The associate veterinarian's work is generally performed in an indoor environment, usually in a hospital or office location. Shifts vary, with some occurring during regular business hours and others requiring weekend and evening work. Job-related hazards should be mostly mitigated by use of proper protocols related to exposure, safety, and sanitation, but working in close proximity to animals on a regular basis may create some risk of injury or illness.
Job skills reported by Associate Veterinarians are limited. Those who have experience with Medicine / Surgery, Oral / Verbal Communication, and Acupuncture can expect to be compensated well for these skills. Competency in Medicine / Surgery frequently indicates knowledge of Oral / Verbal Communication.
Median of all compensation (including tips, bonus, and overtime) by years of experience.
Associate Veterinarians with more experience do not necessarily bring home bigger paychecks. In fact, experience in this field tends to impact compensation minimally. Survey participants with less than five years' experience pocket $69K on average, but those with five to 10 years of experience enjoy a much bigger median of $77K. Associate Veterinarians claiming one to two decades of experience make an estimated median of $80K. After two decades in the workforce, the average Associate Veterinarian generally earns more than ever; median pay for this group is estimated at $83K.
|Extremely satisfied
Rated 5 out of 5
based on 82 votes.
73 %
27 %
|Medical: 68%
|Dental: 27%
|Vision: 17%
|None: 31%


text:
ABCbodybuilding - View Single Post - Please help ladies!!
Please help ladies!!
View Single Post
should change his/her status!
Join Date: Aug 2003
Location: Arkansas
Posts: 1,288
Re: Please help ladies!!
There may be others that disagree with me but when I got started, I used the machines for a while. It developed some "muscle sense" - the ability to feel which muscles I was working and how they should feel when I do the exercises. Something most beginners don't have naturally. It also kept my form more strict as I learned the movements. *Then* I moved to the free weights and cables.
I was quite a student at the gym and really studied what the personal trainers were doing with their clients (taking mental notes of both what TO and NOT to do.) I then hired a PT for a session just to have them check my form on the exercises I was doing. I did an upper body/lower body split (as specified in Body For Life) 3x a week...alternating the split (M,W,F), I ran 3x a week (T,TH,Sa) 4 miles. I got pretty cut. (I lift as heavy as I possibly can for 10-12 reps, 3 sets.) You may see your weight loss slow down but you'll lose inches as muscle weighs more per volume than fat (think of a lb of feathers compared to a lb of gold!!)
If you work out at home, you might start off with a set of dumbells and either the Firm videos or Cathe videos. This can teach you moves and form and get you on the road. (The Firm is how I got interested in lifting in the first place!) Read this site....read these boards...I've learned a lot here.
Hope this helps a little! [img]/forum/images/graemlins/laugh.gif[/img]
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Hang tight!
Recipe by Sallie
"This recipe of strip steak pounded thin, seasoned with dry mustard, and pan fried, goes great with cooked mushrooms. Just add them to the pan during the last few minutes of cooking time."
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4 (1/2 pound)
strip steaks, cut 1/2 inch thick
salt to taste
freshly ground black pepper to taste
1 teaspoon
dry mustard, divided
1/4 cup
3 tablespoons
lemon juice
2 teaspoons
minced fresh chives
1 teaspoon
Worcestershire sauce
Very easy to prepare and people liked it a lot. I found that I needed more mustard than what the recipe called for. Also, I totally recommend serving with mushrooms.
Tried this recipe because Steak Diane is served at our favorite restaurant. This was very good, but it lacked the more complex flavor of that served in a restaurant.The second time I made it,I pan fried the steaks as recipe calls for, then sauteed onions and mushroom slices in a sauce of 1T Dijon, 1/4 Cup brandy, 1T Worcestershire, 3T beef bouillon granules, lemon juice and the garlic. Left out the dry mustard. Very good.....
27 Ratings
I think Steak Diane could be prepared much better than this recipe calls for. First of all, frying strip steaks in butter produced a rubbery consistency. I would grill the steaks until desired doneness, then make Diane sauce with mushrooms & pour over. And this sauce wasn't any good either. It was sour and not in a good way. I would look elsewhere for a good Diane recipe.
My ex's mother used to make this same recipe with the addition of red wine in the sauce. It cuts the acidity of the lemon juice and compliments the steak nicely.
I used fillet steak, not strips, and needed to use a bit more dry mustard to rub on the steak than what was called for in the recipe. Also at the end I added dijon mustard not dry mustard. It didn't make enough sauce though I would add a bit of beef stock next time, all in all quite tasty.
My family made this for me for Mother's Day dinner - It was Very Good and everyone loved it
to sour for use, I would have preferred a creamy source, this recipe did not have much of a source
Good. I added a little dijon at the end.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Steak Diane
Serving Size: 1/4 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 4
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 543
Calories from Fat: 392
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