text:
Some embodiments provide a method of presenting virtual memory as narrower and deeper than a physical memory. The method receives a memory address location including a set of real memory address bits and a set of virtual memory position bits. The method retrieves an original memory word from a physical memory using the real memory address bits. The method shifts the original memory word by an amount determined by the virtual memory position bits by using a barrel shifter, creating a shifted memory word. The method reads a part of the shifted memory word.
1. A method of presenting a logical memory to a user design implemented by configurable circuits of an integrated circuit (IC), the method comprising:
reading a multi-bit memory word from a physical memory on the IC;
using a particular set of configurable circuits that are configured as a barrel shifter that shifts said multi-bit memory word to generate a shifted multi-bit word; and
from a plurality of outputs of the barrel shifter, receiving a subset of bits of said shifted multi-bit word as a narrower multi-bit memory word of the logical memory with fewer bits than the shifted multi-bit word.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. A method of presenting a logical memory as narrower and deeper than a physical memory, the method comprising:
receiving a logical memory address location comprising a set of P integer bits;
decomposing the set of P bits into a set of N integer physical memory address bits and a set of M integer logical memory position bits, wherein N+M=P;
retrieving an original memory word from the physical memory using said set of N bits;
shifting said original memory word by an amount determined by said set of M bits by using a barrel shifter to create a shifted multi-bit word; and
reading a multi-bit part of said shifted multi-bit word as a narrower multi-bit memory word of the logical memory without reading the rest of said shifted multi-bit word.
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. An integrated circuit (IC) comprising:
a) a digital memory;
b) a set of configurable circuits connected by a plurality of topologically parallel direct offset connections that allow the set of configurable circuits to act as a barrel shifter when said circuits are configured as multiplexers of the barrel shifter, wherein said barrel shifter comprises (i) a set of inputs communicatively connected to said digital memory and (ii) a set of outputs;
c) a first set of circuits for using a set of memory location bits to identifying a location of a data word within said digital memory; and
d) a second set of circuits for using the set of memory location bits to determine a number of bits for said barrel shifter to shift said data word to create a shifted data word, wherein a sub-set of said set of outputs of said barrel shifter is for outputting a narrow data word of a virtual memory, said narrow data word comprising a portion of said shifted data word.
20. The IC of
This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/371,352, filed Mar. 8, 2006, entitled "System and Method for Providing a Virtual Memory Architecture Narrower and Deeper than a Physical Memory Architecture", now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,694,083 U.S. patent application No. 11/371,352, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,694,083 incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention is directed towards configurable integrated circuits with memory ports and offset connections.
Integrated circuits ("ICs", often called "chips") are typically grown on and etched into semiconductor substrates. The transistors that make up the majority of their circuitry are generally confined to a two dimensional plane on the surface of the substrate. Almost any integrated circuit design requires connections from transistors on one part of the substrate to transistors on other parts of the substrate. These transistors are connected by tiny metal wires. The wires are not free wires, but are rather laid down in rigid layers (wiring planes) over the transistors. Unlike the transistors, the wired connections can use three dimensions, moving among different wiring planes by use of "vias". Vias are implements at which connections can pass from one layer to another.
The confinement of transistors to a single, two-dimensional plane means that connections through transistors alone cannot go over each other, but must instead go around. The freedom of wired connectors to change layers means that one wire can go over another wire, rather than going around it.
Configurable ICs are ICs that can be "programmed" to provide different integrated circuit configurations. Configurable ICs can be thought of as general purpose chips. The logical blocks within them can be re-assigned to different tasks as needed. For instance, acting as a logical "AND" gate in one set up and as a logical "OR" gate in another setup. The importance of the difference between transistor connections and wire connections to configurable ICs will be explained below.
The use of configurable ICs (e.g. field programmable gate arrays, "FPGAs") has dramatically increased in recent years. Configurable ICs usually have logic circuits, interconnect circuits, and input/output (I/O) circuits. The logic circuits (also called logic blocks) are typically arranged as an internal array of circuits. These logic circuits are connected together through numerous interconnect circuits (also called interconnects). The logic and interconnect circuits are typically surrounded by the I/O circuits.
The arrangement of interconnect circuits illustrated in
One reason that multiple logic circuits must be connected is that ICs commonly need to deal with multiple bit "words", not just single bits. For example, a user might want to invert a 4-bit number, and then perform another operation on the resulting 4-bit number. Each logic circuit in the configurable IC can perform an operation on one bit, and then pass the result on to another logic circuit to perform the next operation.
Such a set of operations results in a "data path" that, in this example, is 4 bits wide. Each logic circuit does an operation on one data bit, so a 4-bit set of operations requires 4 logic circuits in a row. In order to perform a series of operations on a particular 4-bit set of data, all 4 bits must be sent to another row of 4 logic circuits. The simplest way of doing this is to send all 4 bits to the next row down.
Another way of doing this is shown in
The problem of blocked circuits gets worse if a user wants to shift a data path over, as shown in
Other configurable ICs of the prior art attempted to solve this problem by making direct connections between interconnect circuits in distant rows or columns. Here, a direct connection is one which does not pass through any routing circuitry other than that associated with the individual logic circuits it connects.
Having distant interconnects in the same row or column is only a partial solution. Often a user may want a long sequence of operations performed on a multi-bit set, each operation taking one logic circuit per bit. Vertical and horizontal direct connections still confine wide data paths to stay within one set of columns or rows, and if a large number of operations needs to be performed, there may not be enough available space in a set of columns to allow for individual rows to be skipped by long direct connections.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a configurable IC that has a wiring architecture that increases the interconnectivity between its configurable circuits.
The use of barrel shifters allows new options for presenting memory to a user design. Some embodiments provide a method of presenting digital memory to a user design of a configurable integrated circuit. The method reads a multi-bit memory word from a digital memory on the configurable integrated circuit (IC). The method shifts the multi-bit memory word using a barrel shifter, creating a shifted multi-bit memory word. The method reads a subset of the bits of the shifted multi-bit word.
The method described above can be implemented in various ways. Some embodiments provide a method of presenting virtual memory as narrower and deeper than a physical memory. The method receives a memory address location including a set of real memory address bits and a set of virtual memory position bits. The method retrieves an original memory word from a physical memory using the real memory address bits. The method shifts the original memory word by an amount determined by the virtual memory position bits by using a barrel shifter, creating a shifted memory word. The method reads a part of the shifted memory word.
These methods can be implemented by a system designed for the purpose, so some embodiments provide a system for reading digital memory. The system has a digital memory, a barrel shifter on a configurable integrated circuit, and a plurality of outputs of the barrel shifter. The system also has a first set of memory location bits for identifying a location of a data word within the digital memory and a second set of memory location bits for determining how much to shift the data word with the barrel shifter.
In the following description, numerous details are set forth for the purpose of explanation. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the invention may be practiced without the use of these specific details. For instance, not all embodiments of the invention need to be practiced with the specific number of bits and/or specific devices (e.g. multiplexers) referred to below. In other instances, well known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to not obscure the description of the invention with unnecessary detail.
I. Overview
A. Brief Overview
Some embodiments provide novel wiring architectures for configurable integrated circuits (ICs). In some embodiments, the configurable resources of the IC include configurable logic circuitry and configurable interconnect circuitry. In some embodiments such configurable circuitry can be conceptually grouped into tiles that are arranged in some arrangement such as an array with a number of rows and columns of tiles. The configurable IC includes a first tile and a second tile that is offset from the first tile by at least one row and at least two columns or by at least one column and at least two rows. The configurable IC also includes a non-neighboring offset connection (NNOC) that directly connects an output of the first tile to an input of the second tile. Some embodiments use multiple parallel NNOCs to directly connect a first set of tiles to a second set of tiles that are offset from the first set of tiles in a similar manner to the one described above for individual tiles.
Some embodiments use NNOCs to implement a variety of useful circuit designs. For example, NNOCs, along with other connections and circuits, can be used to implement barrel shifters which shift data words by specified numbers of bits. In some embodiments, barrel shifters that shift by increments of one bit (which allow precise shifts) are placed before or after barrel shifters that shift by increments of multiple bits (which allow long shifts). These embodiments allow shifts that are both long and precise, with the multi-bit increment shifters providing long shifts and the one-bit increment shifters providing precise shifts.
In some embodiments, the logic circuitry of the configurable ICs mentioned above may include look up tables (LUTs) and input-select multiplexers (IMUXs) that select the inputs of the LUTs. These LUTs can themselves be configured to act as multiplexers. Such LUTs can be used along with the IMUXs to implement multiplexers with larger numbers of inputs. For example, a 3-input LUT can be configured as a two-input multiplexer with the first two inputs of the LUT receiving data bits a third input of the LUT receiving the selection bit. The IMUXs connected to the first two inputs can be configured as two-input multiplexers. The combination of these elements would act as a 4×1 multiplexer. Such LUT and IMUX multiplexers can be used to implement barrel shifters like the ones mentioned above.
Barrel shifters are used in some embodiments to present digital memories as being narrower and deeper than they are. Some embodiments provide novel techniques for accessing memory multiple times per user cycle. These embodiments may map virtual ports onto the multiple accesses. A more detailed overview of some features starts below.
B. Detailed Overview
Some embodiments of the invention provide architectures for configurable IC's that have configurable computational units (e.g., configurable logic circuits) and configurable routing circuits for configurably routing signals between the configurable computational units. For instance, some embodiments provide a configurable IC that can be thought of as having numerous configurable computational tiles (e.g., hundreds, thousands, hundreds of thousands, etc. of tiles) that are laid out on the IC according to a particular arrangement. These tiles are an abstraction used to represent sections of the IC rather than any sort of physical object. In some embodiments, the configurable computational tiles include configurable logic circuits and configurable interconnect circuits. In other embodiments, the only configurable circuits in the configurable computational tiles are configurable logic circuits or configurable interconnect circuits.
The computational tiles in some embodiments are arranged in numerous rows and columns that form a tile array. Also, the tile arrangement in some embodiments results in one or more sets of the configurable circuits (e.g., the configurable logic circuits and/or configurable interconnect circuits) being arranged in an array with several aligned rows and columns. Alternatively, some embodiments might organize the configurable circuits in an arrangement that is not an array.
For simplicity of explanation, the embodiments below are generally described and illustrated as being in arrays. However, some arrangements may have configurable circuits or tiles arranged in one or more arrays, while other arrangements may not have the configurable circuits or tiles arranged in an array. In the tile or circuit arrangement, some embodiments intersperse several other circuits, such as memory blocks, processors, macro blocks, IP blocks, SERDES controllers, clock management units, etc. Alternatively, some embodiments arrange some of these other circuits (e.g., memory blocks) within the tile structure.
In some embodiments, each routing interconnect circuit can receive several input signals and distribute output signals to several different types of circuits, such as routing or input select interconnect(s) of the same tile, or routing and input-select interconnects of other tiles. Also, routing interconnects can have a fan out greater than one in some embodiments
In some embodiments, sets of multiple parallel connections directly connect sets of tiles with other sets of tiles. As further described below, a direct connection between two circuits is an electrical connection between the two circuits that is achieved by (1) a set of wire segments that traverse through a set of the wiring layers of the IC, and (2) a set of vias when two or more wiring layers are involved. In some embodiments, a direct connection between two circuits might also include a set of buffer circuits.
A particular computational tile's input select interconnect(s) can receive input signals from circuits outside or inside of the particular tile, and pass a set of these received signals to a logic circuit in the particular computational tile. In some of these embodiments, the particular computational tile's input select interconnects have direct connections with circuits in tiles that are several tiles away from the particular tile. In some of these embodiments, one or more of these other tiles are not vertically or horizontally aligned with the particular computational tile in the tile arrangement. In other words, some embodiments have several long direct offset connections for connecting the inputs of some input select interconnects with circuits that are in computational tiles that are offset from the particular computational tile by at least two rows and at least one column or by at least two columns and at least one row.
Some embodiments also have several offset connections between interconnects in different computational tiles. For instance, in some embodiments, the output of a routing interconnect in a particular computational tile can be supplied through an offset connection to the input of the routing interconnect of another computational tile. Such an offset connect can also be used to provide the output of a routing interconnect in one computational tile to the input select interconnect in another computational tile. Some embodiments use long offset connections to connect two interconnects that are neither in neighboring computational tiles nor in vertically or horizontally aligned computational tiles. Some embodiments also use long offset connections to provide the output of logic circuits to circuits that are in computational tiles that do not neighbor the computational tiles' of the logic circuits.
The use of direct offset connections in the configurable IC of some embodiments increases the interconnectivity between the circuits of the configurable IC. In addition to computational tiles, some embodiments include other types of tiles (e.g., tiles that embed memory arrays) that do not include some or all of the circuits of a computational tile. In some embodiments, these other tiles connect to each other and/or to computational tiles in the same manner as was described above for connections between computational tiles. The configurable IC of some embodiments is a reconfigurable IC. In some of these embodiments, the reconfigurable IC is a sub-cycle reconfigurable IC.
Some embodiments use sets of non-neighboring offset connections to establish wide paths for data. In some such sets, the connectors are topologically parallel to one another, that is, parallel on a topological representation of the tiles and/or connectors. More detailed descriptions of such embodiments can be found below.
Some embodiments implement a user design that includes the tiles configured as four-to-one multiplexers. These embodiments allow the user's design to select which input of the four-to-one multiplexer is active. One type of device that may use such multiplexers is a barrel shifter. A barrel shifter is a device that can shift a data word by some number of bits. Some embodiments use barrel shifters to present the physical memory of the configurable IC as being narrower and deeper than it really is.
Some embodiments use a configurable IC that operates on a sub-cycle time scale. The configurable IC of such embodiments implements a user design that is treated as being run on a user design clock cycle (sometimes called "user cycle") time scale. Multiple sub-cycles occur for each user design clock cycle. In some embodiments, the configurable IC can be re-configured once per sub-cycle, thus more than once per user cycle. Some such embodiments use the ability to access memory multiple times per user cycle to present the memory to the user design as having more logical memory ports than there are physical memory ports. More detailed descriptions of such embodiments can be found below.
II. Terms and Concepts
A configurable IC is an IC that has configurable circuits. In addition to configurable circuits, a configurable IC also typically includes non-configurable circuits (e.g., non-configurable logic circuits, interconnect circuits, memories, etc.).
A configurable circuit is a circuit that can "configurably" perform a set of operations. Specifically, a configurable circuit receives "configuration data" that selects an operation that the configurable circuit will perform out of a set of operations that it can perform.
In some embodiments, configuration data is generated outside of the configurable IC. In some embodiments, a set of software tools converts a high-level IC design (e.g., a circuit representation or a hardware description language design) into a set of configuration data that can configure the configurable IC (or more accurately, the configurable IC's configurable circuits) to implement the IC design.
Configurable circuits may include logic circuits and interconnect circuits. A logic circuit is a circuit that can perform a function (e.g. AND, OR, or XOR) on a set of input data that it receives. A configurable logic circuit is a logic circuit that can be configured to perform different functions on its input data set (see
One type of logic circuit is a look-up table (LUT) circuit. A LUT accepts a set of one or more input bits, and provides a set of one or more output bits. The output bits corresponding to a particular set of input bits are set before the input bits are received. A LUT performs the function its name indicates. It acts like a table with the input bits identifying the desired "row" in the table and the output bits being the entries in the output "column(s)" that intersect with the desired "row". A configurable LUT allows the output "column(s)" to be set to whatever values are needed for the function the configurable IC is performing at the time. Unless otherwise specified, all LUTs in the embodiments described in this specification are configurable LUTs. However, other embodiments may use non-configurable LUTs.
A configurable interconnect circuit is a circuit that can configurably connect an input set to an output set in a variety of manners. One example of a configurable interconnect circuit is described in relation to
A multiplexer ("MUX") is a circuit that accepts a set of data inputs (sometimes called "data bits" or simply "inputs") and a set of selection inputs (sometimes called "selection bits"). The multiplexer passes a subset of the data inputs to a set of data outputs. The particular subset that the multiplexer passes on is determined by the selection inputs. Different embodiments of multiplexers may implement this passing through of data in different ways. The passing through might be by establishing an electrical path between the selected input set and the output set of the multiplexer. The passing through could also be by indirectly passing the value of the data at the input set to the output set. Any means of providing the same values at the output set as at the selected input set would be within the definition of passing through used herein.
An input-select multiplexer (IMUX) is a multiplexer that supplies one input signal of the LUTs described in the embodiments below. In other words, an IMUX receives several input signals and passes one of these input signals to its LUT.
A routing multiplexer (RMUX) is an interconnect circuit that can receive signals from and supply signals to interconnect and logic circuits in its own or other tiles in the arrangement. Unlike an IMUX that only provides its output to a single logic circuit (i.e., that only has a fan out of 1), a routing multiplexer in some embodiments, either provides its output to several logic and/or interconnect circuits (i.e., has a fan out greater than 1), or provides its output to one other interconnect or logic circuit.
A user-design signal within a configurable IC is a signal that is generated by a circuit (e.g., logic circuit) of the configurable IC, or in some cases is received by a circuit in the configurable IC from input lines coming into the IC from outside. The word "user" in the term "user-design signal" connotes that the signal is a signal that the configurable IC generates (or receives from the outside) for a particular application that a particular user has configured the IC to perform. User-design signal is abbreviated to user signal in some of the discussion below.
In some embodiments, a user signal is not a configuration or clock signal that is generated by or supplied to the configurable IC. In some embodiments, a user signal is a signal that is a function of at least a portion of the configuration data received by the configurable IC and at least a portion of the inputs to the configurable IC. In these embodiments, the user signal can also be dependent on (i.e., can also be a function of) the state of the configurable IC. The initial state of a configurable IC is a function of the configuration data received by the configurable IC and the inputs to the configurable IC. Subsequent states of the configurable IC are functions of the configuration data received by the configurable IC, the inputs to the configurable IC, and the prior states of the configurable IC.
Some embodiments have "UMUXs". A UMUX is a multiplexer that receives user-design signals for at least one of its data inputs and one of its selection inputs. A UMUX might receive a user-design signal directly from a configurable logic circuit or indirectly through one or more intermediate configurable interconnect circuits. Some UMUXs are "hybrid" UMUXs. A hybrid UMUX is one which can be set by the configuration data either to receive all its selection inputs from the configuration data or to receive one or more selection bit from user signals and the rest (if any) from the configuration data.
A direct connection is an electrical connection between two nodes that is achieved by (1) a set of wire segments that traverse through a set of the wiring layers of the IC, and (2) a set of vias when two or more wiring layers are involved.
In some embodiments, a direct connection might also include a set of buffer circuits in some cases. In other words, two nodes are directly connected in some embodiments by a set of wire segments that possibly traverse through a set of buffer circuits and a set of vias. Buffer circuits are not logic or interconnect circuits. In some embodiments, buffer circuits are part of some or all direct connections. Buffer circuits might be used to achieve one or more objectives (e.g., maintain the signal strength, reduce noise, delay signal, etc.) along the wire segments that establish the direct connections. Inverting buffer circuits also allow an IC design to reconfigure logic circuits less frequently and/or use fewer types of logic circuits. In some embodiments, buffer circuits are formed by one or more inverters (e.g., two or more inverters that are connected in series). A via is an opening in the insulation between wiring layers that allows wires on different wiring layers to form an electrical connection.
In the embodiments described below, most of the interconnect circuits are multiplexers, each with eight inputs and one output. Multiplexers in other embodiments may have other numbers of inputs and/or outputs. Also in the embodiments described below, most of the logic circuits are LUTs, each with three inputs and one output. One of ordinary skill in the art will realize that other embodiments may have different types of interconnect or logic circuits, and that other embodiments can have interconnect or logic circuits with different numbers of inputs. It will also be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art that the configurable ICs may extend considerably farther than the regions shown, and that the tiles on the edge of the illustrated regions may not be on the edges of the configurable ICs.
A non-neighboring offset connection (NNOC) is a direct connection that connects two tiles that are not in the same column or row as each other and are either at least two rows or at least two columns apart.
A virtual memory port (sometimes referred to as a "logical memory port") is a port in a user design that the user design treats as though it is a physical port, but that is not a physical port. In some embodiments a virtual memory port may be associated with a specific physical port, but accesses to the memory using the virtual port would be limited to specific fractions of the available time of the physical memory port. In other embodiments a virtual port may be assigned to various physical ports using some assignment plan.
III. Configurable Integrated Circuit Architecture
A. Example of a Tile
Some embodiments of the invention are implemented in configurable ICs. The configurable ICs have configurable interconnect and logic circuits. These interconnect and logic circuits can be conceptually grouped in configurable "tiles". Such tiles may be arranged in arrays of rows and columns or in other groupings. The tiles themselves are not physical objects, but are a way of describing sections of the array or grouping of circuits.
In some embodiments, multiple tiles may each have circuits identical to each other. Two input loci, one on each tile that occupy the same position relative to their tiles can be referred to as "corresponding inputs". For example, the leftmost input of the middle IMUX on one tile is the corresponding input to the leftmost input of the middle IMUX on another tile. Selecting an input locus for a set of tiles means that the input at that locus on each tile in the set becomes an active input.
In some embodiments, each RMUX, IMUX, and LUT has a single output. However, for RMUXs and LUTs, this output may fan out to directly connect to several other inputs. That is, one output value can be sent to many input loci. A direct connection is not itself configurable, but if the input is one of the inputs of a Multiplexer, then the multiplexer can be used to select which of several direct connections to receive data from and which ones to ignore. This type of selection is accomplished by making the appropriate input active.
The outputs (not shown) of the RMUXs 810 may connect to inputs on IMUXs 820 or other RMUXs 810 on the same tile, or to IMUXs or other RMUXs on other tiles (not shown). The output of the look-up table 805 may connect to inputs on IMUXs 820 or RMUXs 810 on the same tile, or to IMUXs or RMUXs on other tiles (not shown). In several of the figures, some of these features may be omitted for clarity, but those skilled in the art will realize that they may be present in some embodiments. In particular, several figures have some or all of the RMUXs not shown in order to reduce confusion.
B. Connections Between Tiles
Connections between tiles in a configurable IC affect the function of the configurable IC. These connections will be illustrated in some of the following figures using an array of squares, such as that shown in
C. Non-Neighboring Offset Connections
Some embodiments include direct connections between tiles not in the same row or column and not neighboring each other. These connections can be called non-neighboring offset connections ("NNOC"). NNOCs can be further characterized by providing two integers indicating the amount of offset along each direction, in the format NNOC (m,n). One example is that an NNOC (1,2) is a direct connection between an output of a first tile and an input of a second tile one column to the left and two rows down from the first. For NNOCs connecting from an output of a first tile to an input of a tile above or to the right of the first circuit, negative numbers are used. One example is NNOC (−3,−1) is a direct connection between an output of a first tile and the input of a second tile three columns to the right of it and one row above it. The use of these two integers is a shorthand for this specification and leaves out information about which output locus, in the first tile, and which input locus, in the second tile, the NNOC connects. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that this means of characterizing the connections is a way of explaining some embodiments and other embodiments also lie within the scope of the invention.
An illustration of an NNOC is found in
D. Parallel Non-Neighboring Offset Connections
Some embodiments include multiple parallel NNOCs. These are NNOCs that connect outputs of a set of successive tiles to inputs of another set of successive tiles. Parallel NNOCs are illustrated in
As described above, a tile of a configurable IC often has multiple inputs. In some embodiments, each tile in the configurable IC has inputs that are identical to the inputs of other tiles. In a set of parallel NNOCs, each NNOC connects to an input on its destination tile that corresponds to inputs on the destination tiles of the other NNOCs in that set of parallel NNOCs.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that in some embodiments, the correspondence is topological rather than physical. Thus, in some embodiments, the corresponding input may be on a different part of the tile. In such embodiments, correspondence means that the input the NNOC connects to serves an identical function to the inputs other parallel NNOCs connect to, including its logical relationships to the other inputs. The corresponding input is not necessarily physically in the same place on the IC.
E. Data Paths and Data Words
Some embodiments allow for chains of logical operations, one after another. Some such embodiments allow for multiple bit "words" to be used, in which all bits in the word are subject to similar or identical operations. In some embodiments, a tile can only perform logical operations on one bit of that word at a time. So in order to perform an operation on a multi-bit word, multiple tiles must be used. When several operations need to be performed on a multi-bit word, this occupies whole sets of tiles, generally with a width equal to the number of bits in the word, and length equal to the number of operations to be performed (not counting skipped rows or columns in the length or width). Such sets of used tiles can be called a "data path". In some embodiments, data paths can be oriented horizontally or vertically. A horizontal data path is one in which the multi-bit words are oriented horizontally, such that an operation on the word takes place in one row of tiles. A vertically oriented data path is one in which the multi-bit word is oriented vertically, such that an operation on the word takes place in one column of tiles.
1. Data Path Shifting
Multiple NNOCs, parallel to each other, can be used to shift later parts of a data path to a different set of columns. An embodiment is illustrated in
The output of each look up table (not shown) in tile set 1230 is directly connected to an input of an IMUX (not shown) in tile set 1240 through an NNOC (2,3). Tile 1205 a is connected to tile 1215 a through NNOC (2,3) 1210 a. Tile 1205 b is connected to tile 1215 b through NNOC (2,3) 1210 b, and so forth. Each of the parallel NNOCs (2,3) has the effect of moving the data path of one bit two columns to the left. The combined effect of all 8 NNOCs (2,3) is to move the 8-bit data path two columns to the left.
2. Example of Using NNOCs
One example of a specific application accomplished with the use of NNOCs is an adding operation followed by a logical AND operation. In
A more detailed picture of such an arrangement can be found in
The combined result of the tiles and connections produces the same result as using a single 8-bit adder and eight logical AND-gates. A single 8-bit adder and eight logical and gates are represented in conceptual form in
F. Layouts
1. Actual Wire Paths
The NNOCs previously shown are topological representations of connections, rather than actual wire paths. In some embodiments, actual wire paths for topologically identical connections are themselves identical, such as those shown in
2. Topological Sequence of Tiles
In addition to the illustrated connections being topological, rather than physical paths of wires, the arrangement of successive tiles may also be topological rather than physical. For example, the array shown in
G. Variations of NNOCs
There are several variations on parallel NNOCs illustrated in the following figures. Parallel NNOCs can be long, such as the ones shown in
When tiles in several successive rows have parallel NNOCs, a word in the data path can be oriented and shifted vertically.
Some embodiments allow for both vertically and horizontally oriented data paths. Some embodiments use non-parallel connections to re-orient data paths from horizontal orientation to vertical orientation.
Some embodiments allow a word to be constructed from every other bit of two other words, with alternating bits.
Some embodiments allow parallel offsets that bring together successive bits of a word, in operations such as adding, or other operations that have two input bits and one output bit.
Some embodiments allow multiple direct connections to leave one tile.
Some embodiments use multiple sets of parallel NNOCs that go from one or more output loci on a set of tiles to more than one input loci on another tile.
H. Parallel Intra-Tile Connections
Some embodiments include intra-tile connections, for example, a connection from the output of an RMUX to one of the inputs of an IMUX in the same tile or to another RMUX in the same tile. Such parallel intra-tile connections are illustrated in
I. Four-Input Multiplexer
Some embodiments include tiles that can be configured in the user design as four input multiplexers. An example of such embodiments is illustrated in
The two selection bits 3211-3212 provided by the configuration data for IMUX 3210 narrow down the set of potential active inputs of that IMUX from eight inputs to two inputs. The third selection bit 3213 is provided by a user signal. This selection bit 3213 determines which of the two remaining inputs is the active one. From the perspective of the user, the eight-input IMUX 3210 acts as a two-input multiplexer controlled by the user signal. IMUX 3220 and its inputs are set up in a similar fashion.
The three selection bits for IMUX 3230 select one input. The bit coming in on that selected input is provided by a user signal, effectively turning IMUX 3230 into a pass-through for a bit provided by the user signal. The effective components defined by this configuration are illustrated in
The LUT 805 can also be configured as a two-input multiplexer.
For example, a selection bit with a value "0" sent to IMUXs 3210 and 3220 activates input 3314 of IMUX 3210 and input 3324 of IMUX 3220. A second selection bit with a value of "0" is sent to look-up table 805, activating input 3406. The net result of these two selection bits is that data coming in to input 3314 is passed through to output 3450.
J. Barrel Shifting
One application of parallel NNOCs allows a section of a configurable IC to be configured as a barrel shifter. A barrel shifter is a device that can shift a data word by some number of bits. Some barrel shifters allow shifts of amounts ranging from zero to one less than the length of the word. For example, a four-bit barrel shifter can take as its input a four-bit word, "ABCD" (each letter representing one bit) and shift it to the left by zero, one, two, or three positions, resulting in (respectively) "ABCD", "BCD0", "CD00", or "D000". A four-bit barrel shifter that shifts bits to the right by zero, one, two, or three positions would result in (respectively) "ABCD", "0ABC", "00AB", or "000A". In each case, bits that are shifted outside the range of the word (left of the leftmost, or right of the rightmost) are lost. In the preceding example, positions that don't have a corresponding bit before the shift are filled in with zeros, however It will be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art that those bits could be filled in with ones, or with random bits, or with the bits they started with, or with inversions of the bits they started with, or by any other method of determining which values to fill the vacated positions.
1. 4-Bit Barrel Shifter
Barrel shifters are known to those skilled in the art, though applying NNOCs in a configurable IC to create a barrel shifter is not. Some embodiments create a barrel shifter with NNOCs and multiplexers such as the four input multiplexer described above.
NNOCs 3511 b, 3512 b, and 3513 b each connect an output on one tile to an input of a tile three rows below and one column to the left of the starting tile. As a result of these NNOCs, selecting in tandem the inputs 3500 b, 3501 b, 3502 b, and 3503 b shifts the data bits originally in tiles 3528-3531 by one position to the left. If the original data word, in tiles 3528-3531 was "ABCD" the resulting word in tiles 3500-3503 would be "BCD0".
NNOCs 3512 c and 3513 c each connect an output on one tile to an input of a tile three rows below and two columns to the left of the starting tile. As a result of these NNOCs, selecting in tandem, the inputs 3500 c, 3501 c, 3502 c, and 3503 c shifts the data bits originally in tiles 3528-3531 by two positions to the left. If the original data word, in tiles 3528-3531 was ABCD the resulting word in tiles 3500-3503 would be "CD00".
NNOC 3513 d connects an output on one tile to an input of a tile three rows below and three columns to the left of the starting tile. As a result of this NNOC, selecting in tandem, the inputs 3500 d, 3501 d, 3502 d, and 3503 d shifts the data bits originally in tiles 3527-3531 by three positions to the left. If the original data word, in tiles 3527-3531 was ABCD the resulting word in tiles 3500-3503 would be "D000".
In some embodiments, the barrel shifter might be characterized as including the top row of tiles. In other embodiments, it might be characterized as only including the lower row (or rows in multi-layer barrel shifters) of tiles and the connections between the upper row and the lower row(s). In such embodiments the tiles in the upper row could be replaced with a block of memory with outputs where the outputs of the logic circuits are in
2. Multi Layer Barrel Shifter
In some embodiments, each multiplexer in a barrel shifter can select one out of n signals, where n is the number of selectable inputs of the multiplexer. A barrel shifter implemented with that type of multiplexer can choose n different shift amounts, each shift amount corresponding to one input of the multiplexers. Appropriate wiring would allow each of the specific n shift amounts allowed by a barrel shifter to be any arbitrary number of bits. For example, a one level barrel shifter could be implemented (with four bit multiplexers and words of more than forty bits) that would allow shifts of five, twelve, thirteen and forty bits, but would not allow shifts of any other number of bits.
Some barrel shifters allow shifts from zero to some set number of bits (in increments of one bit). Some embodiments implement barrel shifters allowing shifts from zero to more than n−1 bits (in increments of one bit). Some such embodiments use two or more layers. One layer shifts the word by zero, one, two, . . . , or n−1 bits. The second layer would shift the word by zero, n, 2n, . . . , or n(n−1) bits. Each layer of such an implementation is itself a barrel shifter. Each layer chooses from n possible shift amounts, and by using various combinations of shift amounts, a total shift of any amount between zero and n2-1 can be chosen. It will be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art that still larger barrel shifter can be implemented by increasing the number of layers, or by using multiplexers with larger numbers of inputs in one or more layers.
3. 16-Bit Barrel Shifter
In the figures below, the multiplexers have four inputs. The two layered barrel shifters implemented with such multiplexers allow shifts from zero to fifteen bits. Even a topological diagram of such an arrangement is complicated, so the next few figures provide subsets of the wiring required for an entire 16-bit barrel shifter. The barrel shifter diagrams also omit the intermediate tiles, this is for clarity of drawing, and not because these tiles are missing from the embodiment. Also for clarity, the relevant tiles in the next several diagrams will be numbered, but not drawn in thick lines like the thick lined tiles drawn in some previous figures.
A data bit starts out as an output of tile 40. This output of tile 40 fans out through connection 3620 and NNOCs, 3624, 3628, and 3632 to multiplexer inputs (not shown) on tiles 20, 24, 28, and 32. Each of the connections 3620-3632 leads to a different input locus on their respective destination tiles, in the same manner as the connections in the 4-bit barrel shifter in
Some embodiments use NNOCs, non-NNOC connections, and tiles set up as four-input multiplexers to select one bit out of a 16-bit word, effectively creating a 16-input multiplexer. This is illustrated in
Some embodiments use NNOCs to create 16-bit barrel shifters, such as the one illustrated in
Examples of the connections selected to implement various word-shifts are illustrated in
The zero in the bit streams indicated above indicates a position that has no original bit to shift into it. The zeros in the bit streams indicated below are there for the same reason. As stated above, other fill in methods besides putting in zeros are also within the scope of the present invention.
By combining appropriate selections of inputs in tiles 20-35 and 0-15 the 16-bit word on tiles 40-55 can be shifted by any number of bits from zero to 16. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that by adding additional layers of multiplexers and parallel connections, that barrel shifting can be performed on still longer words. For example, a 64-bit wide barrel shifter can be implemented by taking four, side by side 16 bit barrel shifters, and adding another layer with connections offset by zero, sixteen, thirty-two, and forty-eight columns. The added layer could be added above, below or between the already described layers of the 16-bit barrel shifter.
The barrel shifter shown in the preceding figures is capable of providing shifts to the left (or a shift of zero), but it will be clear to those skilled in the art that similar barrel shifters can be created that provide shifts to the right, and barrel shifters that optionally provide shifts in either direction. One example of a barrel shifter that optionally provides shifts in either direction is illustrated in
4. Alternate Embodiments of Barrel Shifters
The figures illustrating the previously described embodiments of barrel shifters showed the set of tiles containing the shifted word as being directly beneath the set of tiles containing the original word. The tile corresponding to the most significant bit in the shifted word was directly below the tile corresponding to the most significant bit in the original word, and so on. However, in other embodiments the set of tiles containing the shifted word may itself be offset by one or more columns, such that the tile corresponding to the most significant bit of the shifted word is no longer directly beneath the tile corresponding to the most significant bit of the original word, and so on. Thus, in some embodiments, a shift of a word within a data path may coincide with a shift of the data path itself.
The figures indicated above also showed the larger shift first, followed by a smaller shift. It will be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art that other embodiments may have the smaller shift first followed by the larger shift.
The figures illustrating the previously described embodiments also showed (among others) parallel NNOCs (12,4) that directly connected distant tiles. In some other embodiments, distant tiles may be connected by combinations of shorter sets of NNOCs, such as those shown in
Most of the delay in passing a signal from one tile to another comes from the logic and routing circuits rather than the direct connections. Therefore adding an extra multiplexer to one data path (as shown in
K. Memory Ports
Reconfigurable IC's are one type of configurable IC's. Specifically, reconfigurable IC's are configurable IC's that can reconfigure during runtime.
One possible operation during a sub-cycle is accessing memory on the IC. Typically, electronic memory is stored in memory circuits as binary data. Data is put into the memory circuits as "words" of data of a set length, dependent on the design of the memory circuits. The length of the words is referred to as the "width" of the memory. An example of a memory width is 16-bits. Each word of data is stored at a particular memory address. A memory address is an n-bit binary number. The total number of memory addresses in a piece of memory is 2n. The number of memory addresses in a piece of memory is referred to as the "depth" of the memory. Accordingly, such memory is 2n-bits "deep".
Typically, memory is much deeper than it is wide. For example, a block of memory could have words 16-bits long and 1024 memory locations (210) to store the words in. Such a memory would be 16-bits wide and 1024-bits deep.
Memory is accessed by use of memory ports. A memory port for a block of memory allows memory words to be written to or read from the memory, once per time unit. Some memory ports are read/write memory ports that handle both read and write operations.
1. Multiple Logical Memory Ports
In some embodiments, memory can be accessed every sub-cycle. Because this can be done in a sub-cycle, the memory can be accessed as many times per user cycle as there are sub-cycles per user cycle. For example, an embodiment with 4 sub-cycles per user cycle can access the memory 4 times per user cycle.
In some embodiments, multiple accesses per user cycle are presented to the user as multiple logical memory ports. Though the memory may have only one physical port, the repeated accesses manifest as independent logical memory ports, all accessing the same memory address in the same user cycle. Each logical port corresponds to a single physical port, plus a sub-cycle time slot.
It should be noted that in some embodiments, the user might perceive each logical memory port of a memory of the reconfigurable IC as an actual physical memory port of a memory in the user design. Irrespective of whether the user perceives multiple logical memory ports or multiple physical memory ports, the user specifies a design that includes a memory that has multiple memory ports. The software tool provided by some embodiments takes the user's design and maps accesses to a user-design memory through, multiple ports during one user design cycle to multiple sub-cycle accesses to a memory in sub-cycle reconfigurable IC.
2. Narrowing Memory
In some cases, the user's requirements for the way the IC memory is arranged may be different from the physical memory arrangement on the IC. Some embodiments use a barrel shifter to present the memory on the configurable IC to the user as being narrower and deeper than it actually is. In the example illustrated in
In this example, the configurable IC receives from the user a read command for a 2-bit word with 8-address bits. This includes 5-bits that tell the configurable IC what the actual memory location is, and 3-bits that tell the configurable IC which part of the 16-bit word at that memory location is required. Memory 5010 includes a 16-bit word 5030 at binary memory location "00000". If the user's design wants to read a 2-bit word such as the one at memory location 5040 it would provide the binary address "00000 100" (note, that the space is for clarity, not a required part of these embodiments) to the configurable IC.
The number of bits that the word is shifted by is equal to the product of the width of the word the user's design seeks, times the value of the last 3-bits of the user provided address. In binary, "100" means "4", and the width of the word the user seeks is 2-bits, so the word 5030 is shifted 8-bits to the right. In 5140 the configurable IC passes only the final two bits A9A8 on to the user's design. As seen in
The barrel shifter takes as its input the word selected by the first five bits of the 8-bit memory address. In this example, the 8-bit address was "00000100" (as indicated in
The barrel shifter 5210 shifts the word by the required number of bits. The size of the required shift depends on the width of the narrowed memory and the number indicated by the last part of the address. The number of bits in the last part of the address is dependent on the ratio of the width of the words in the physical memory to the width of the words in the narrowed memory. In this example, the width of the physical memory is sixteen bits and the width of the narrowed memory is two bits, so the ratio is eight-to-one. Each 16-bit word in the physical memory contains eight 2-bit words. Therefore to specify any particular 2 bit word within a particular 16-bit word requires a number between zero and seven. When shifting to get to the specified 2-bit word, the shifts must be in multiples of two. A shift of zero provides the first narrow word, a shift of two (2=2*1) provides the second narrow word, a shift of four (4=2*2) provides the third narrow word, and so on.
Expressing numbers from zero to seven in binary requires three bits. In this example, the 3-bit binary number is "100". In binary, "100" means four. Thus the shift here must be eight (8=2*4). In this illustration, the shift is eight bits to the right. The barrel shifter then passes the two least significant bits out of outputs 5220 to another set of tiles 5230. The amount of the shift, here, by 8 bits determines what bits show up at the set of tiles 5230.
In some embodiments, as mentioned previously the top tiles shown in the barrel shifter may be replaced with the physical memory itself, with the outputs of the memory taking the place of the outputs of the tiles. This would reduce the number of connections necessary to perform such memory shifts. In some embodiments (with or without such reduced connection sets) memory narrowing may be performed in a single user cycle.
While the invention has been described with reference to numerous specific details, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the invention. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the invention is not to be limited by the foregoing illustrative details, but rather is to be defined by the appended claims.
Citations de brevets
Citations hors brevets
Référencé par
Événements juridiques
Image d'origine
Faire pivoter


text:
This extractor is an ideal starter
unit, extracting 2 medium/shallow frames radially. It does not handle deep frames but can easily be
upgraded to a nine frame hand extractor by simply swapping out the basket,
or it can even be upgraded to a power driven unit! The tank is built to
last a lifetime, just like all Maxant equipment. The 20 gauge conical
bottom tank is manufactured using top grade stainless steel from
American mills.
© 2015 Ruhl Bee Supply E-Commerce Web Site

subset: commoncrawl


text:
No Ma'am
http://i54.photobucket.com/albums/g1...ps0349094e.jpg Something is NOT right.
Re: No Ma'am
Get off the &$%^$(# forum? This is totally inappropriate and has been reported.
Re: No Ma'am
Absolutely ridiculous. You give us firearms and marksmenship enthusiasts the reputation we have today because of your flagrant stupidity and refusal to educate yourself despite the immense information and knowledge available to us today. Do us all a favor and give up the pastime. You're clearly too unstable and immature to contribute anything positive or helpful.
Re: No Ma'am
Also, I too served this great country and I would NEVER flaunt or wave my service as a debt to be paid. Serving is a privilege and an honor, not a blank check to wave in people's face when you don't get something you want. Shame on you.
Re: No Ma'am
Too political, you should know better RichArab.
|All times are GMT +2. The time now is 06:34 PM.
Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.0
Copyright ©2000 - 2015, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.
Bernhard Castiglioni's DRUMMERWORLD.com


text:
"I think he got an A+ in drama class," Shayne tells Dr. Jenn in this sneak peek from tomorrow night's Couples Therapy. This, after Shayne flipped out on Nik who tried to give her a nice, romantic date and had to put up with her complaints the entire time. So how does Dr. Jenn react upon hearing Shayne's continued complaints against her husband? "I think you did too. And I think it's a really dismissive thing to say." She continues, "I don't fault you for not wanting to ride a horse, where I take issue with you is the way you attempt to annihilate your husband because it wasn't exactly what you wanted."
Find out whether or not Shayne and Nik can work this out on the next Couples Therapy, Wednesday night at 10 p.m. ET/PT.


text:
Paris, my future best friend forever, is allegedly doing a show on British television where she runs a dog grooming business. Paris's Pooches will follow the negligent pet owner princess around London as she tries to manage the hectic life of a dog groomer with her partying. Says an insider, "Watching Paris act out her Los Angeles lifestyle, in which tiaras for Chihuahuas are of real importance, should be very entertaining. And she will no doubt be hitting the clubs and parties over here in the same way she does back home."
Anything that could potentially humiliate Paris Hilton on television is gold, but I'm a bit nervous about what this means for her future BFFs. Will we be replaced with tiny dogs? Must I turn myself into a dog in order to become her closest confidante? Get into P's inner circle is gonna be a lot harder than I thought. If only I had a tail. [DListed]


text:
Who didn't love Curious George as a kid? I did, and apparently so did Jack Johnson. The most laid-back-surfer-dude ever took care of the soundtrack to the new animated film, and he covered the White Stripes in the process. Now that's cool.
Download Jack Johnson's version of the White Stripe's "We're Going To Be Friends" here. Brah.


text: Find Your Local NAMI NAMI Prince William Address: NAMI Prince WilliamPO Box 1423Woodbridge, VA 22195-1423 Phone: (703) 659-9983 Email Address: email@example.com Website: http://www.nami-pw.org Serving: Within Prince William County, City of Manassas, City of Manassas Park and surrounding communities Contacts Ms. Barbara Warren President Ms. Marjorie Antus Board Member Ms. Patricia Victorson Main Contact firstname.lastname@example.com (703) 730-7449 To contact NAMI Virginia or its other NAMI Affiliates, click here. Education, Training and Programs Program Dates Location Details & Registration NAMI Family Support Group 06/01/2013 Meets 2nd Tuesday of the month at 7:00pm Woodbridge 22191 Details & Registration NAMI Family Support Group 06/01/2013 Last Monday of each month 7:30-9:30pm Manassas 20110 Details & Registration NAMI Ending the Silence 02/02/2015 Programs scheduled by request. Contact email@example.com. Woodbridge 22192 Details & Registration There are more programs scheduled! See NAMI Prince William's full program list. NAMI Affiliate leaders: Is your information out-of-date? Update it now online or via Member Services.


text:
Scientific analysis shows wind power can be efficient
Posted: September 25, 2012|
At last we hear from someone with a distillation of knowledge of what wind farms are all about.
John Dike of Crediton (Aug 24) reminds us that since windfarms in general have a much lower output than full-size power stations, the current is often (always or often?) fed into the main grid via 11,000 volt lines instead of the grid's 132,000 or 400,000 volt potential to which it is normally converted at the power stations.
This, it is true, certainly means more losses in the lines (since higher transmission voltages mean lower power losses in the lines), though whether "much" of the power is lost I'm not so sure. Obviously the increased losses will vary from installation to installation. The answer to this is, if the cost-balance works out in its favour, to install transformers at the wind farm point to upgrade the voltage, and to upgrade the insulation on the length of grid up to where it joins the main grid. This is a matter of cost accounting, an area I'm not qualified to go into.
Your contributing Nimbys are endlessly complaining about the cost of "feed-in tariffs", which is spread between all electricity users in the form of a higher price for their kilowatt hours of consumption. It will be a good day when these tariffs can be done away with, so that there's a completely level playing field, but if this happened now some of the incentive for investment in turbines and equipment would be lost, and we do need more turbines and lots of them, both onshore and offshore, if we're to wean ourselves away from highly polluting sources (coal, gas, and oil) and highly dangerous ones (nuclear).
Without any mandate from the public, our ignorant government is hell-bent on sanctioning the construction of eight new nuclear power stations in this country, but refuses to embark on the open and honest debate on the pros and cons of nuclear power that is urgently needed in the light of the fact that the safety of this industry is now seriously discredited.
And, when it comes to subsidies, nothing has been more subsidised than nuclear power, the only difference being that instead of the levy falling on the electricity user, in the case of nuclear the levy falls on every taxpayer, as the government distributes our largesse for us, without option, and as usual when the government pays out it has scant regard for economics.
Instead of making decisions behind our backs, the government should be sponsoring a national discussion about nuclear power, and about wind power, and put all the pros and cons on the table in an honest way. But I guess pigs will fly first.
And, for all our Nimbys' ceaseless ranting, it's interesting that throughout the world wind power is expanding at a much higher rate than in the UK.


text:
The Riverboat Development Authority (RDA) went against the wishes of the City of Davenport Friday, May 31st, 2013 in its choice for developer of a new land-based casino.
The RDA chose Kehl Development Corporation. The Iowa-based company already operates Grand Falls Casino Resort in Larchwood Iowa, as well as Riverside Casino near Iowa City. In total, they've developed five casinos and have overseen the construction and renovation of over 15 gaming properties.
Dan Kehl, CEO of Kehl Development Corporation, describes his casino plan for Davenport as a "regional destination" that will "grow the market by more than 55% than what the current operation, Rhythm City Casino, does."
"It's going to be a beautiful facility," Kehl told News 8 on Friday. "It's going to be awesome."
Kehl calls the $110 million facility a casino resort that includes 1,000 slot machines, 25 table games, approximately 95 hotel rooms, multiple restaurants, a 1,500-seat performance theater, and a family entertainment center complete with bowling and an arcade.
Kehl says the resort will be located somewhere on Interstate 80 in Scott County and expects it to open no later than 2016.
But Mayor Bill Gluba and other city leaders could not hide their disappointment. After calling a Special City Council Meeting Friday night, during which Aldermen discussed possible litigation behind closed doors, Fifth Ward Alderwoman Sheilia Burrage shared her thoughts.
"This was a chance for us to generate more revenue without depending on our taxpayers to pay through the nose for every single thing that happens," Alderwoman Burrage told News 8 after the meeting. "I'm very disappointed, because I looked at those board members to be our partner and to make this happen and I'm just really sad. I'm sad for everybody."
The city's plan, which was one of the proposals the RDA considered, includes a $33-million investment for land, infrastructure, and buildings at the Interstate 80/Interstate 280 Interchange. However, the casino project itself would be privately owned.
But RDA Board Members say they searched for a way to build a land-based casino without any city involvement.
"All proposals were evaluated equally, but we gave a nod to those that were total private funding and this one is," Gary Mohr, Chairman of the RDA, told News 8 in reference to Kehl's plan. "The $110 millionis in addition to the purchase price (of Rhythm City Casino) and it's all private money. There's no city money involved so the real winners here, I think are the taxpayers of Davenport, the City Council of Davenport – who does not have to put the taxpayers at risk or in debt – as well as the people of Scott County because they will benefit from increased income to the RDA for our non-for-profit activities."
The city's plan would also increase revenue to the city, school district, county, and the RDA by $13.8 million annually, but now all of that will need to be negotiated.
"I think the city obviously has some expectations of what they'd like to see and whether those expectations are realistic or not, I think is a discussion that will need to happen," says Kehl.
The RDA has approved a 120-day window for the Kehl Development Corporation to work with the Isle of Capri Corporation (owners of the Rhythm City Casnio), the City of Davenport, and the RDA. In addition, the RDA now has the "go-ahead" to make a report to submit to the Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission. The IRGC's next meeting is June 6th, 2013.


text:
Cosponsorship Request
Request for Cosponsorship
The UCLA Center for the Study of Women (CSW) partners regularly with other UCLA entities to foster innovative scholarship and intellectual community. CSW cosponsors events on a selective basis. The campus-based event must be hosted or initiated by another UCLA unit and have a clear relevance to CSW's mission of reaching across disciplines to foster a community of scholars studying women, sexuality, and gender.
Given the current budget climate, CSW has limited resources available. To request consideration for cosponsorship by CSW, please complete the cosponsorship request form below including whether you seek cosponsorship in the form of publicity or funding support. You must fill out all requested information for your event to be considered for cosponsorship. Incomplete forms that are submitted will be returned for more information. In most circumstances, CSW will respond to your request within two weeks of receipt of the completed form.


text:
Towson, Md. -- Senior forward Shaiece Perry recorded her sixth "double double" of the season as Towson University (3-8, 1-3) edged the University of New Hampshire (5-7, 1-3) by a 60-53 margin in an AMERICA EAST game in the Lawson Center on Tuesday.
Sophomore guard Hedi Plencner (Hampton, N.H.) led New Hampshire with 18 points as she hit 4 of 10 shots from three-point range.
The loss marked only the second time in nine games that Towson has beaten UNH.


text:
The Red Devils have been open to the idea of allowing the promising midfielder to head out of Old Trafford in the past.
He spent the 2011/12 campaign with Peterborough United, before taking in a spell with Barnsley last season.
The 20-year-old would appear to remain some way down the pecking order at United, so may have to once again turn his attention elsewhere in an effort to get regular game time.
The opportunity to compete in the Championship is likely to appeal, especially at the business end of the division.
Brighton and Ipswich will both feel that they should be pushing for a top-six finish in 2013/14, and they would welcome the opportunity to add Tunnicliffe to their ranks.


text:
DNR Hosts Hispanic Heritage Month Program On September 19
Annapolis, Md. (September 15, 2011) The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Office of Fair Practices will sponsor a 2011 Hispanic Heritage Month program and celebration at 12 p.m. on September 19 in the C-1 Conference Room of the Tawes State Office Building in Annapolis.
The keynote speaker will be Gabriel I. Albornoz, director of the Montgomery County Department of Recreation. He currently oversees 37 recreational facilities, 300 employees and manages a department budget of 28 million dollars, serving over 600,000 Montgomery County residents per year.
His address will focus on his professional experience and recommended best practices for reaching diverse park visitors, as well as his perspectives on Hispanic American communities within Maryland and the U.S.
Hispanic Heritage Month is a national annual celebration from September 15 to October 15 honoring Hispanic culture and the many contributions Hispanic Americans have made to the United States.
September 15 was chosen as the starting point for the celebration because of its anniversary of independence for five Latin American countries: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Hispanic Heritage Month also celebrates the long and important history and early presence of Hispanic Americans within North America, as well, in locations such as San Francisco, California, Texas, and St. Augustine, Florida.
The program is free of charge and the public is invited to attend and participate. A light lunch will be served. The Tawes Office Building is located at 580 Taylor Avenue in Annapolis. Please contact Richard W. Allen of the DNR Office of Fair Practices at 410-260-8058 for further information.
|September 15, 2011
Contact: Josh Davidsburg
The Maryland Department of Natural Resources is the state agency responsible for providing natural and living resource-related services to citizens and visitors. DNR manages nearly a half-million acres of public lands and 17,000 miles of waterways, along with Maryland's forests, fisheries and wildlife for maximum environmental, economic and quality of life benefits. A national leader in land conservation, DNR-managed parks and natural, historic and cultural resources attract 11 million visitors annually. DNR is the lead agency in Maryland's effort to restore the Chesapeake Bay, the state's number one environmental priority. Learn more at www.dnr.maryland.gov


text:
Hang tight!
Recipe by BJ MOORE
"Pickled eggs are great served whole or in slices. They're perfect for salads and appetizer trays. The longer the eggs stand before serving, the stronger the vinegar flavor will be."
Hmm. None of these ingredients are on sale today.
Show ingredients on sale
Sort stores by
Save money at local stores when ingredients are on sale!
Watch video tips and tricks
whole cloves
2 slices
fresh ginger root
1 teaspoon
black peppercorns
bay leaf
2 cups
distilled white vinegar
1/2 cup
2 teaspoons
I really liked this recipe and gave it to my brother who likes to deer hunt with his friends to take with them when hunting. I like the idea of keeping eggs when my yard chicken in the spring over abundance of eggs I used it in chicken salad, tuna salad, egg salad, and potato salad. I like the tart taste they give to the salads. Thanks
I like picked eggs but these are super sour (this is coming from a vinegar lover)! I was trying to find a recipe that tastes like store-bought picked eggs, this isn't it.
12 Ratings
The recipe has far to much vinegar. When I was making the recipe I was surprised the eggs did not want to separate
I'm wondering if the poster left out the water by accident...? I would add about 1 3/4 - 2 cups of water to the recipe. The mix of spices make for a nice flavour.
These are the absolute BEST pickled eggs I have ever had. They are very strong, however - so you have to like them that way. I did not have ginger but used the rest of the recipe as directed. WOW. I am going to make this my ONLY pickled egg recipe.
To me these tasted like the standard pickled eggs you get in the big jars on the counter tops of any Mom and Pop store in our area. They are good.
This recipe makes a really good pickled egg.....nice and vinegary, just the way they should be.
As a newbie in the cooking world found these delicious and easy to make . Thank you
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Quebec Pickled Eggs
Serving Size: 1/12 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 12
Amount Per Serving
** Calories: 76
** Calories from Fat: 45
With our 2,700+ chicken breast recipes, you'll never serve the same old chicken again.
The firm, juicy texture of zucchini make them a perfect side to toss on the grill.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
This simple Southern snack is a cinch to prepare.
See how to make classic pickled eggs.
See how to make zesty, creamy deviled eggs.


text:
Ron Paul Rocks CPACFebruary 19, 2010 - 5:52 PM | by: Kelley Beaucar Vlahos
Rep. Ron Paul, former Republican presidential candidate and leading light of the current libertarian grassroots movement, enjoyed a huge rock star moment at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), as he took the stage Friday to thunderous applause and a standing ovation in a ballroom filled to capacity.
Just two years ago, before the Republican presidential nomination in 2008, Paul was practically persona non grata — this conservative movement had disdained his warnings about economic collapse and his belief that the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were unconstitutional and counterproductive. At the Republican National Convention, some of his delegates were silenced from declaring their vote during the main roll call. Paul himself — a sitting congressman — had his access to the floor restricted.
Times have changed. His movement has raised millions of dollars despite his failed candidacy and has gone on to grow grassroots organizations, including the Campaign for Liberty, which made sure it had a huge presence at CPAC this year. Though some libertarians who spoke with Foxnews.com said there are plenty of areas where they disagree, they have felt a better reception at CPAC this year, generally.
Paul has a lot to do with that. After sharing his long-held views on the war — "an unconstitutional war costs a lot of money and undermines the constitution. If you like small government, you need to work hard to have a strong national defense that is not so militant and not pretend we can tell the rest of the world how to live" — he found more common ground with the movement conservatives on economic issues.
But he reminded the audience that freedom doesn't "only come in pieces" — the constitution protects both economic liberty and personal liberty. "For those who might disagree, I just urge you to think about it seriously."
Paul seemed to want to bridge the long divide and was willing to make his case for the greater cause. "Something is coming together, something is brewing. Something big is going to come out of what is going on today."


text:
Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by Danielle on 04/22/2009
Been here several times and the food has been consistently good. I love the Southwest salad, however I know several people that have raved about the blackened chicken sandwich!
Posted by lovingvnmom on 07/07/2008
I had a great meal (crab cakes). My friend ordered some kind of stuffed chicken that was extremely dry. Our waitress went missing during our meal. We finally asked a bus boy to get our waitress. He didn't understand and brought her chicken back in a to-go box. She again explained it was dry. Finally the manager came to the table. He said he could have done something about it if she hadn't eaten it- she ate the sides & 2 bites of the chicken. I told him she would have if someone would have checked on us during the meal. He was rude. We got the cold shoulder the rest of the night. They did take the chicken off the bill but not willingly- the waitres never came back.


text:
Tradedoubler has updated its privacy policy in compliance with EU Cookie legislation. Please read this to review the updates about which cookies we use and what information we collect on our site. By continuing to use this site, you are agreeing to our updated privacy policy.
This notice should appear only the first time you visit the site.
Find more publisher's deals
All the latest developments from across our performance marketing community, including new ideas to increase sales, generate leads and drive conversions.
posted by Dan Cohen - Regional Director • 11 Jan 2013
The third and final part of my look into key trends for performance marketing in 2013, focussing on metrics, technology and data.Read more
News (238)
posted by Dan Cohen - Regional Director • 09 Jan 2013
Earlier this week, I kicked off 2013 with my thoughts on the key trends in Performance Marketing, focusing on mobile affiliate marketing; personalisation and multi-channel marketing. Today, I put three more trends under the spotlight, which I believe will impact the sector. Read more
posted by Dan Cohen - Regional Director • 07 Jan 2013
Now that the majority of us are back at our desks and thinking about the year to come, I'm taking the opportunity to share some of my thoughts on what I believe are the key trends for Performance Marketing in 2013. Read more
posted by Sarah Spencer - Network Comms Manager • 19 Dec 2012
The final publisher newsletter of 2012 takes a look back at the year that's been. It will also provide you with all the top January sales offers you need to kick-start a successful 2013 with Tradedoubler.Read more
News (238), Advertiser promotion (90), New Affiliate Programmes (204)
posted by Marie Dalton - Head of European Marketing • 19 Dec 2012
A review of the events and achievements of 2012Read more
News (238), The Zoo Project (27)
Follow us
© Tradedoubler 2015. All rights reserved


text:
Chicago Bears
Chicago Bears news, rumors and injuries
Mon, 27 Jul 2015 15:07:32 -0700
Undrafted free-agent WR A.J. Cruz (Brown) signed with the Chicago Bears Monday, July 27.
Comment () | Share: | Source: USA TODAY Sports - Tom Pelissero
Bears | Chicago could sign Jermaine Gresham
Fri, 24 Jul 2015 12:12:58 -0700
Free-agent TE Jermaine Gresham (Bengals) has drawn interest from the Chicago Bears, who have supposedly talked about signing the tight end.
Fantasy Tip: If signed, Gresham would play behind TE Martellus Bennett and wouldn't have a lot of value unless Bennett suffers an injury.
Comment () | Share: | Source: Chicago Tribune - Brad Biggs
Bears | Marc Mariani may be returner
Thu, 23 Jul 2015 13:52:07 -0700
Chicago Bears WR Marc Mariani is expected to be the kickoff and punt returner this season. Mariani had plenty of experience in the return game earlier in his career with the Tennessee Titans.
Comment () | Share: | Source: ESPNChicago.com - Jeff Dickerson
Bears | Eddie Royal to be third starting WR?
Thu, 23 Jul 2015 13:42:10 -0700
Chicago Bears WR Eddie Royal is expected to be the Bears' third starting wide receiver, according to ESPNChicago.com's Jeff Dickerson.
Fantasy Tip: It seems like the ideal situation for the Bears at wide receiver would be to start Alshon Jeffery and Kevin White on the outside with Royal playing in the slot. Royal was a hit or miss player with the San Diego Chargers, but he could end up being an under-the-radar player in PPR leagues.
Comment () | Share: | Source: ESPNChicago.com - Jeff Dickerson
Bears | Kevin White projected to start
Thu, 23 Jul 2015 13:38:23 -0700
Chicago Bears WR Kevin White is slated to be in the Bears' starting lineup, according to Jeff Dickerson of ESPNChicago.com. White had spent time with the second team during organized team activities earlier this offseason.
Fantasy Tip: It shouldn't be a huge surprise if White ends up starting, especially since Chicago spent their seventh overall pick on him in the NFL Draft. While there may still be some kinks to work out at first, White could at least end up in WR4 territory at season's end.
Comment () | Share: | Source: ESPNChicago.com - Jeff Dickerson
Bears | Alshon Jeffery working out
Sat, 18 Jul 2015 14:53:44 -0700
Chicago Bears WR Alshon Jeffery has been working out with former teammate and now New York Jets WR Brandon Marshall. The two remain close friends and have been working out at Fit Speed Athletic Performance in Chicago.
Fantasy Tip: Jeffery can certainly still learn from the veteran Marshall. Jeffery is the far more appealing fantasy option for 2015, but Marshall has value as a late-round pick, as he'll be the No. 1 option for the Jets.
Comment () | Share: | Source: Chicago Sun-Times - Blair Sheade
Bears | Jay Cutler running out of time
Sat, 18 Jul 2015 14:41:13 -0700
Chicago Bears QB Jay Cutler may need to win in 2015 to stay in Chicago, suggests Jeff Dickerson of ESPN. Cutler has over $47 million guaranteed remaining on his contract, but the Bears could move on if Cutler struggles again in 2015.
Fantasy Tip: Cutler has thrown double-digit interceptions in all but one of his six seasons in Chicago. The Bears' offensive line can share some of the blame for Cutler's struggles, but he has enough weapons in the offense to post better numbers than he has been. Cutler shouldn't be drafted as a QB1 in 12-team leagues.
Comment () | Share: | Source: Chicago Sun-Times - Blair Sheade
Bears | Eddie Royal could be returner
Thu, 16 Jul 2015 10:07:44 -0700
Chicago Bears WR Eddie Royal could be a candidate for the kick returner job this season if the coaching staff is comfortable with him in that role.
Fantasy Tip: Royal is expected to have a solid role in the passing game this season, so the coaches may want to look for other players to fill the role. Royal could be a late-round option in fantasy leagues this season since he has played with Jay Cutler earlier in his career.
Comment () | Share: | Source: ESPNChicago.com - Jeff Dickerson
Bears | Matt Forte adds muscle
Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:15:00 -0700
Chicago Bears RB Matt Forte has bulked up this offseason in order to prepare for a heavy workload this season. Forte received a lot of work in the running and passing game last season.
Fantasy Tip: Forte should continue to have a big role in the offense this season and will be valuable in all fantasy leagues. He should be selected in one of the first few rounds of drafts and likely will be an every-week starter.
Comment () | Share: | Source: Chicago Sun-Times - Blair Sheade
Bears | Chicago excited to have Jeremy Langford
Tue, 14 Jul 2015 15:00:37 -0700
Chicago Bears rookie RB Jeremy Langford offers the Bears speed they didn't have last season. Langford ran a 4.4 second 40-yard dash in the NFL Combine this offseason. Langford was taken in the fourth round and will compete with RBs Jacquizz Rodgers, Ka'Deem Carey, Daniel Thomas and Senorise Perry for backup duties to RB Matt Forte.
Comment () | Share: | Source: ChicagoFootball.com - Arthur Arkush
Bears | Marquess Wilson proving to be versatile
Thu, 09 Jul 2015 19:58:18 -0700
Chicago Bears WR Marquess Wilson can "play all over" the field, according to offensive coordinator Adam Gase.
Fantasy Tip: With Brandon Marshall leaving in the offseason, Wilson has a chance to see some steady playing time in 2015, especially if rookie Kevin White isn't ready to start in Week 1. Wilson could make a nice early-season sleeper if he lines up across from Alshon Jeffrey for a few games, but White will be the receiver to own in the long run.
Comment () | Share: | Source: ChicagoFootball.com - Arthur Arkush
Bears | Jeremy Langford's speed draws praise
Thu, 09 Jul 2015 19:48:52 -0700
Chicago Bears RB Jeremy Langford's speed has stood out, according to general manager Ryan Pace. "Standout trait with him is really his speed," Pace said. "We feel like he's got a lot of upside. He's played multiple positions, so he's still getting better as a running back. This guy's speed stands out and we're excited to have him here."
Fantasy Tip: Langford will be one of several backs in the mix to see touches behind Matt Forte, and while Langford has a chance to win the primary backup role, he will still need something to happen to Forte before he will have much fantasy value.
Comment () | Share: | Source: ChicagoFootball.com - Kevin Fishbain
Bears | Kevin White impressing Adam Gase
Thu, 09 Jul 2015 19:00:59 -0700
Chicago Bears WR Kevin White has impressed offensive coordinator Adam Gase with his size and explosiveness. "Really, I see him as an outside receiver but what's dangerous about this guy, he can catch a quick slant or he can attack and go 99 yards," Gase said. "He has that kind of playmaking ability."
Fantasy Tip: White isn't a lock to open the season as the No. 2 receiver across from Alshon Jeffery, but the rookie should take over the job at some point. Draft him as a WR5, but his value should only increase over the course of the year.
Comment () | Share: | Source: ChicagoFootball.com - Arthur Arkush
Bears | Jay Cutler works out with teammates
Thu, 09 Jul 2015 09:08:19 -0700
Chicago Bears QB Jay Cutler worked out with some of his offensive teammates at Vanderbilt University this week. WR Eddie Royal, WR Kevin White and TE Martellus Bennett were among the players in attendance.
Fantasy Tip: Cutler has had some down performances the last few seasons but should have several weapons to work with this season. Cutler probably is not a starting quarterback in fantasy at this point but could be a solid No. 2 quarterback in deeper leagues.
Comment () | Share: | Source: Chicago Sun-Times - Blair Sheade
Bears | Matt Forte carried ball less
Wed, 08 Jul 2015 13:32:48 -0700
Chicago Bears RB Matt Forte tallied four games with 13 or fewer carries last season. He only had three games of 20 carries or more.
Fantasy Tip: Among other things, new head coach John Fox is known for running the football, which bodes well for Forte, at least on paper. Forte could be past his prime at 30 years old, and Fox may want to use him more sparingly than he has been used in previous seasons. Whether he sees more carries, fewer carries or the same amount of carries, Forte should still be drafted as a top-10 fantasy running back, with more value in PPR leagues.
Comment () | Share: | Source: chicagonow.com - Jake Perper
KFFL: Sports Link of the Day
Chicago Bears Player News


text:
iOS 6 Q&A podcast -- Live tonight at 6pm PDT / 9pm EDT / 5am BST
The best iOS podcast in the world returns tonight to wrap up WWDC 2012 and take YOUR questions on iOS 6. Just leave them below and we'll tackle them on the show! With special guest David Barnard of App Cubby.
We'll also have a fresh ZEN and TECH for you tonight immediately after, so stay tuned!
Want to go full screen? Head to iMore.com/live. Want to watch via iPhone or iPad? Grab the Ustream app and search for "mobilenations"!
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
iOS 6 Q&A podcast -- Live tonight at 6pm PDT / 9pm EDT / 5am BST
It's been in the back of my mind whether Apple will still implement the rumored Silver UI throughout iOS in either later betas or when they release the final version. What other kinds of surprises do you guys think will not show up in iOS 6 betas before Apple launches it for the fall launch with the iPhone?
Yeah. I use street view quite a bit - to check if I have the latest address in my contact list. E.g. Writing Christmas cards "is that their latest address?".
"not sure, let me check"
Click on the contact address. Boom google maps. Boom. Street view.
"yes it is darling, look that's their house right?"
Anyway. Want walking directions and street view otherwise a big step back, and id be classed as a fanboy.
P.s. sorry about the booms.
How did Apple tackle the notification overload problem when you're surrounded by 3+ iMessage-enabled devices?
Also what do you think of the idea of flipping one "Do not Disturb" switch and all devices (iOS and OS X) in your WiFi network authorized with your Apple ID going into "Do not Disturb" mode automatically?
The find my iPhone sound is different. :D
I pretty much expected Apple to tackle some of the sharing dilemmas currently found in ios 5 but I always thought they would just use the sharing UI they had already developed for the mobile iWork suite. I was kind of disappointed to see the UI they came up with at least to this point. Do you see them ever going back and changing UI design for official launches?
Also, the status bar has been something that apparently has been bothering a lot of us. It just doesn't see "Apple-like". However, specifically in the calendar app, the status bar starts out blue, and when rotating to landscape changes to black. This really doesn't seem "Apple-like". Any chance it's design that fully gets shown off with a larger iPhone and just can't be fully appreciated yet?
Right now in notification center we have a Stock, weather, and Facebook/Twitter widget, Do you think apple will open API's for app developers to put their own widgets there? Also i know apple added alarm clocks to the iPad but do you think we will ever see weather, stocks, or even the calculator app on the iPad? I'm tired of downloading 3rd party apps when apple can very easily add these to the iPad.
Will apple put a maps application on the Mac seeing now they develop their own maps or will they create a website that Mac and PC users can go to to get directions? Will This will cause more competition for google maps? And why did Apple keep the YouTube app if their trying to rid google from ios?


text:
Thank you. If a matching email exists we will send you an email in a few minutes with instructions on how to reset your password.
Don't forget to check your spam folder if you cannot find the email. For further assistance please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com .Okay
Rubbish Interiors
Classic, practical, and timeless are the hallmarks of a Rubbish Interiors design. Owner Scott Mangan's fine arts background, unique sense of style, and unusual combinations led to major decorating commissions, starting with photographer Herb Ritts and leading to a roster of celebrity and artistic clients. In combination with designer Nick Bianco, the firm remains a dynamic source of inspiration for some of the nation's most influential designers.


text:
Kimmy Helps Reggie Celebrate SuperBowl Win
Congratulations to the New Orleans Saints for the HUGE Superbowl win yesterday. The "Who Dat" Nation completely took over south beach this weekend. It was crazy!!! I promised I'd refrain from any "Saints Go Marching In" Jokes. With everything that the city of New Orleans has been through, that win was so much bigger than football.
Of course, Kim Kardashian was the first one on the field to congratulate Reggie after the win.
She was escorted into the stadium in first lady style on a golf cart and made sure to show off her gold and black minx nails that read "25 Bush"
More pics:
Can someone please tap Reggie and tell him he just won a Superbowl. I don't think he knows…
Reggie was extremely annoyed with the paparazzi while leaving…
Where is his mom Denise? I know she's proud.


text:
U.S. Senate Goes 'Nuclear,' Changes Filibuster Rules
Source: Susan Davis and Richard Wolf / USA Today
WASHINGTON — Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., pushed through a controversial change to Senate rules Thursday that will make it easier to approve President Obama's nominees but threatens to further divide an already polarized Congress.
Fifty-two Senate Democrats and independents voted to weaken the power of the filibuster. The change reduces the threshold from 60 votes to 51 votes for Senate approval of executive and judicial nominees against unanimous GOP opposition. Three Democrats — Sens. Mark Pryor of Arkansas, Joe Manchin of West Virginia and Carl Levin of Michigan — opposed the change.
The rule change does not apply to Supreme Court nominees, who are still subject to a 60-vote filibuster threshold, or to legislation.
"The American people believe Congress is broken. The American people believe the Senate is broken. And I believe they are right," Reid said Thursday on the Senate floor. "The need for change is so very, very obvious."
To read this article in its entirety visit the USA Today.
Follow Roland Martin Reports on Twitter
Follow Roland S. Martin's Timeline On Facebook
Get Roland Martin Reports in your inbox!
Sign up for Roland Martin Reports Daily News Update powered by FeedBurner


text:
Migration and socioeconomic change
A 2001 Census analysis of Britain's larger cities
Distributed for Policy Press at the University of Bristol
88 pages
Migration and socioeconomic change brings new evidence to debates on urban regeneration in Britain: are we seeing urban renaissance, or is there city flight? This study examines 27 of the largest cities and city regions to find out whether they attract the talented people that they need to prosper. By examining the migration data of the 2001 Census of population, Britain's most and least successful cities are identified. There is also a look at more local population movements within the city regions of London, Birmingham and Bristol. Four key findings stand out: cities losing population included all the large conurbations plus most small cities in the North and West; London stood out in attracting many 'higher managerial and professional' people, and especially recent graduates; cities making strong gains from longer-distance movement mostly had growing local job numbers, plus some key quality of life characteristics and some cities attracting few longer-distance migrants also lose many migrants more locally, threatening their tax base and housing markets. The study gives much new information for urban and regional students and researchers, while the findings on individual cities can help target urban regeneration policies.
For more information, or to order this book, please visit http://www.press.uchicago.edu
Google preview here
Sociology: Individual, State and Society
You may purchase this title at these fine bookstores. Outside the USA, see our international sales information.


text:
Returning Alabama Guardsman surprises son, 7
After school, 7-year-old Joss Timmons got to take a poster he'd made for his father, a soldier deployed to Kuwait in January.
He also got to take home his dad.
Sgt. 1st Class Victor Timmons, 42, expected to be home at Thanksgiving along with the other 239 troops in the Alabama Army National Guard 135th Expeditionary Sustainment Command. Instead, he found himself on a plane back to Alabama 10 days early. His unit arrived in Birmingham on Saturday.
He surprised his son inside his second-grade classroom at Oxford Elementary School on Monday, cutting short the nearly yearlong absence with a long hug.
Under guise of likely the most media-covered Dirt Day (a program that teaches students about soil) in the school's history, several news cameras and reporters covered the moment when Joss spotted his dad standing at his classroom door.
Joss jumped from his seat on the floor, voiced an excited, "Hey, Dad," and ran into his father's arms for the long embrace.
The surprise reunion was the idea of a Timmons family friend, Oxford Elementary teacher Angie Hurst.
"It's probably the last time I'm going to do this," said Timmons. He plans to retire in August after 25 years of service. This deployment was his second; he also served overseas during Desert Storm. He plans to work at a friend's Oxford business after leaving the military.
"He's my sidekick," Timmons said of Joss. "When I'm here, we're attached at the hip."
The task of keeping her husband's return a secret wasn't easy, said Joss's mother, Amanda.
"When he said, `I really miss my dad and I really want him home,' I almost broke," she said. "He's all about his daddy."
Asked what he felt upon seeing his dad at the door Joss said "Awesome. Good. Surprised."
Timmons, whose 24-year-old son Stefan is currently serving in the U.S. Navy in the Arabian Sea, asked that everyone remember the men and women still serving overseas.
"Glad to be here. Glad to be with my family. It's been a long year," Timmons said.
Information from: The Anniston Star, http://www.annistonstar.com/