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Essentials of Gerontological NursingSpringer Publishing Company 2007; US$ 45.00
Addresses basic competencies by focusing on clinical practice and presenting research-based "best practices" for effective care of older adults in various settings. Designed to fit into a one-semester course, this work provides essential clinical information needed to care for older adults. more...
Encyclopedia of Nursing ResearchSpringer Publishing Company 2006; US$ 175.00
From the world?s leading authorities in nursing research, this thoroughly updated 2nd Edition of the Encyclopedia of Nursing Research presents key terms and concepts in nursing research comprehensively explained by over 200 expert contributors. more...
Gerontological Nurse Certification ReviewSpringer Publishing Company 2008; US$ 50.00
The Gerontological Nurse Certification Review is an invaluable reference and certification test review guide for nurses preparing for RN Gerontological certification. Students studying gerontology, teachers preparing gerontology classes, and RNs working with older adults will also find this a practical and useful resource. The text presents information... more...
Prostate CancerSpringer Publishing Company 2002; US$ 85.00
Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in American adult males. The content of this book, developed by clinical nurse experts, provides information on the state-of-the-art care of men with prostate cancer. Readers will gain a thorough understanding of symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and psychosocial effects of this disease.... more...
The Doctor of Nursing Practice and Clinical Nurse LeaderSpringer Publishing Company 2008; US$ 69.00
This is the first book to document and analyze the development and integration of the Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) and Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs in graduate nursing institutions. Editors Fitzpatrick and Wallace, established authorities in nursing education, present this text as an introduction to these exciting new degrees. The contributors,... more...
Encyclopedia of Nursing ResearchSpringer Publishing Company 2011; US$ 189.00
Named a "Choice Outstanding Academic Title" for 2007 and an "AJN Book of the Year". The award-winning Encyclopedia of Nursing Research , now in its third edition, is the comprehensive resource for tracking developments in the field. With over 20 new areas of research, and meticulous updates of original entries, the encyclopedia... more...
Gerontological Nurse Practitioner Certification ReviewSpringer Publishing Company 2011; US$ 49.00
"[This book] is an important reference for nurses seeking to take the certification exam to validate their own practice. The practice of nursing over the next decades will demand age-specific knowledge for people across the life span. Nurses need to develop expertise in the area of geriatrics and have that expertise validated through certification.".... more...
Case Studies in Gerontological Nursing for the Advanced Practice NurseWiley 2012; US$ 66.99
As the fastest growing population sector worldwide, older adults are seen in almost every care setting in which clinicians practice. Developed as a resource for advanced practice nurses in any setting, Case Studies in Gerontological Nursing for the Advanced Practice Nurse presents readers with a range of both typical and atypical cases from real... more...
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|Show What You Know: Knitting-Boardman
Event Type: Summer Reading
Age Group(s): Adults, Teens
Date: 7/24/2014
Start Time: 7:00 PM
End Time: 8:00 PM
Come celebrate Christmas in July and get a jump start on your holiday gifts. Adult and teens will knit either a snowman or a bell ornament. Beginners are encouraged to attend the "It's all About Yarn" classes until proficient in knitting.Library: Boardman Library
Location: BD Meeting Room
Presenter: Other
Status: Closed

subset: commoncrawl


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Bruce Gradkowski, Football (2001-2005)
Bruce Gradkowski set the modern standard for Rocket quarterbacks, smashing 27 school passing records in his three-year career. During his three years at the helm, Gradkowski led UT to a 26-11 record, a MAC Championship, two MAC West Division titles and two bowl games. Gradkowski is the Rockets' career leader in passing yards (9,225), passing completions (766) and TD passes (85), just to name a few. As a sophomore in 2003, Gradkowski completed a then school-record 71.2 percent of passes for 3,210 yards and a UT-record 29 TDs. Among the Rockets' eight wins that season was a 35-31 victory over No. 9 Pittsburgh. In 2004, Gradkowski set the school record with 3,518 passing yards, completing 70.2 percent of his passes and throwing for 27 scores. He memorably played the second half of the 2004 MAC Championship game with a broken throwing hand. Nevertheless, he threw three TDs in the final 30 minutes, leading the Rockets to a 35-27 comeback victory over Miami. In 2005, Gradkowski tied his own record with 29 TD throws and led UT to a 45-13 romp over UTEP in the GMAC Bowl. Since his graduation from the UT College of Business in 2005, Gradkowski has played in the NFL for Tampa Bay, Cleveland, Oakland and Cincinnati.


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DANBURY -- The Western Connecticut State University women's soccer team trounced Clark, 3-0, at the Westside Athletic Complex Tuesday night.
Ariana D'Aurio, Meaghan Gustafson and Sarah Menta each scored for the Colonials, with Rebecca Rivera getting credit for an assist on Gustafson's goal. Goalie Alison Rettenmeier -- the reigning LEC Goalkeeper of the Week -- stopped six shots to preserve the win. The Colonials improved to 7-2.
In other action, the women's tennis team fell to Bridgewater State by a score of 9-0.
Women's volleyball
at Wesleyan, 7 p.m.
Men's soccer
vs. Trinity, 7 p.m.


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Last week, the Hazard Lady Bulldogs traveled to Stanton to take on the Powell County Lady Pirates. The Lady Bulldogs battled a strong opponent in the early going, but eventually wore them down and went on to the win.
The Lady Bulldogs struggled with the Lady Pirates in the early minutes of the game, and finished the first period with the scant 19-18 lead. Hazard wore their opponent down in the second period, and went on to a double-digit lead and a 38-26 halftime advantage.
Hazard went ice cold in the third period, and gave up a few points off their advantage (47-38). However, in the fourth quarter, the Lady Bulldogs left no question about the outcome of the game. They went on to collect the 72-54 win.
Hazard (72) Brooke Sharpey 16 (12 rebounds and 10 steals), Maddison Niece 13, Savannah Roark 12, Kelsie Caudill 17, Brittany Miller 3, Kelli Patrick 3 and Colbi Johnson 8.
Powell Co. (54) Knox 7, Curtis 2, Peck 20, and Rogers 26.


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Cannondale Synapse Carbon 6 Tiagra Compact 2013 Road Bike. Elite-race performance meets all-day comfort. Synapse Carbon mates the feathery weight and blistering acceleration of our pure race bikes with the more upright…
Cannondale Synapse Carbon 6 Tiagra Compact 2013 Road Bike. Elite-race performance meets all-day comfort. Synapse Carbon mates the feathery weight and blistering acceleration of our pure race bikes with the more upright position and stable handling Performance Geometry and the comfort of our SAVE PLUS micro-suspension system. The result is a bike that cuts the harshness out of long days in the saddle without sacrificing its sporting soul. A directional carbon lay-up and exaggerated vibration-absorbing tube shapes give the SAVE PLUS chain stay/seat stay system 13% more vertical deflection than the previous version, while actually improving the frames lateral and torsional stiffness. Offset dropouts allow the fork blades to have the vertical compliance of a shallow rake fork, without sacrificing the Synapses nimble, precise handling. Refined carbon lay-up and SAVE shaping further enhance the forks vertical compliance. Compared with our Elite race geometry, the Synapse features a 2-2.5 cm taller head tube, slightly relaxed head angle and longer wheelbase for a more upright riding position and a stable yet lively feel. It's confidence-inspiring, relaxing and it avoids the sluggish feel and awkward handling of many road bikes.
The Synapse Carbon 6 Tiagra Compact 2013 Road Bike features the full carbon Synapse frame and fork and FSA Omega compact crank as well as Shimano Tiagra 4600 shifters, derailleur and 12-30, 10-speed cassette.
- Frame:
Synapse, full carbon, SAVE PLUS, BB30
- Fork:
Synapse, carbon blades, SAVE, 1-1/8 inch
- Front Derailleur:
Shimano Tiagra 4600
- Rear Derailleur:
Shimano Tiagra 4600
- Number of Gears:
- Shifters:
Shimano Tiagra 4600
- Chainset:
FSA Omega, BB30 compact chainset with 50×34 tooth chainrings
- Chainrings:
50 × 34 tooth
- Bottom Bracket:
FSA Omega, BB30, 50/34
- Chain:
Shimano Tiagra 4600, 12-30, 10-speed
- Front Brake:
Shimano Tiagra 4600
- Rear Brake:
Shimano Tiagra 4600
- Brake Levers:
Shimano Tiagra 4600
- Handlebars:
Cannondale C3 Compact
- Stem:
Cannondale C3, 31.8mm, 6 degree
- Headset:
Synapse Si, 25mm top cap
- Grips:
New Cannondale Bar Tape with gel, 3.5mm
- Rims:
Shimano R501
- Front Hub:
Shimano R501
- Rear Hub:
Shimano R501
- Spokes:
Shimano R501
- Front Tyre:
Schwalbe Lugano, 700×25c
- Rear Tyre:
Schwalbe Lugano, 700×25c
- Saddle:
Cannondale Stage Ergo with Crmo Rails
- Seatpost:
Cannondale C3 alloy, 27.2mmx300mm
Sizing Guides
Sizing guide for road bikes
Buying Guides
A buying guide that offers general advice on road bikes
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UK bike delivery charge includes assembly by our fully trained mechanics, pre-delivery inspection and safety check, packing in our custom bike box, multi-tool and delivery from only £9.99 per bike.Click here to see how we deliver your bike
Standard, Next Day, Saturday & Sunday UK delivery
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Imagine yourself a child growing up in a world where you never learned fun little songs like "Old MacDonald Had a Farm" or "The Itsy, Bitsy Spider."
That's what it's been like for generations of Afghan children, who have grown up through war after war.
Louise Pascale hopes to return childhood songs to Afghan children through The Afghan Children's Songbook Project. She will speak about the work at 7 p.m. Thursday at the Allen County Public Library, 900 Library Plaza. Her presentation has been organized by the locally based Indiana Center for Middle East Peace.
Pascale has taught for more than 15 years in the Integrated Teaching Through the Arts program at Lesley University, which has campuses in and near Boston.
She originally started her work on a book of Afghan children's songs in the 1960s while serving in Afghanistan as a U.S. Peace Corps volunteer, it says on her organization's website, www.afghansongbook.org.
The website offers this history:
In Kabul, she worked with Afghan poets and musicians to create a book of children's songs. She then traveled from school to school to teach children the songs. She also asked children to draw pictures to accompany the songs.
The songs and some of the drawings were published as a songbook in 1968 in Afghanistan.
In 2003, Pascale came across her copy of the songbook and thought, because of the many years of war in Afghanistan, few of the songbooks still may exist there.
She began an effort to return the songs to Afghan children.
She enlisted the help of well-known Afghan musician Vaheed Kaacemy of Toronto. Along with researching and arranging eight songs from the original songbook, Kaacemy collected or wrote eight more songs. He then recorded Afghan children singing the songs for a new songbook.
The new edition has a 60-minute CD of the songs and a booklet containing the lyrics and drawings from the original children's songbook. Pascale hopes Afghans can use the new book to bring the songs back into the lives of their children.
For more information on the project or to listen to samples, go to www.afghansongbook.org.


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18 Gauge 2-in-1 Brad Nailer and Stapler
The Numax S2-118G2 - 2 in 1 gun shoots 1" Narrow Crown Staples and 2" 18 Gauge Brad Nails. This 2-in-1 nailer is a professional quality, innovated home improvement tool. The Numax Narrow Crown Stapler/Brad Nailer features an oil-free operation that requires no regular maintenance and eliminates the risk of stains on project surfaces.
This Crown Stapler/Brad Nailer has a lightweight aluminum design and a tool-free adjustable exhaust that conveniently directs exhaust from your face. This tool also comes equipped with an air filter, dust cap and dual spring magazine which makes the Numax stapler/nailer the obvious choice.
The Numax 1" Narrow Crown Stapler/18 gauge 2" Brad Nailer is great for interior and exterior finish and trim, cabinetry, cabinet backing, crafts and hobbies. This stapler/nailer is manufactured under the strict guidelines to ensure professional quality.
|3.3 Pounds
|1 Year Limited
|Nail Gauge
|18 Gauge
Flooring nailers are specially designed to fit flush against floor boards for easy fastening. Finishing nailers are often angled and use thin finishing nails, great for baseboards, trim work, molding, and door casings. Framing nailers are designed for fast high-powered work on large pieces of material. Brad nailers are typically smaller and best for lighter jobs and trim work. Roofing nailers are specifically designed for use on shingles. Pinner nailers are lightweight and great for all types of hobby work. Staplers are best used on 1/4" or thinner material.
|Nailer Type
|Brad Nailer, Stapler
|Power Source
|Mfr Part #
|Group #
|Nailers - 1980
|- 0
|Sales Rank


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Cincinnati News, FOX19-WXIX TV Local Cincinnati brides-to-be were invited to a Once in a Lifetime event to meet bridal designer Matthew Christopher on Sunday, February 2, 2014 at Bridal and Formal. This exclusive opportunity included a fashion show featuring Matthew's latest collection titled "DEVOTION". Brides had brunch and viewed Matthew's beautiful gowns in the newly remodeled … [Read more...]
From Here to I Do Twitter Contest
Please join us in our Twitter contest this month valued NOW at over $7500!! It's as easy as 1-2-3 FOLLOW US AT TWITTER Tweet "(brides name) @bridalandformal #fromheretoido" Retweet contest tweets and get your friends & family to tweet for you - make sure they include your twitter handle in their tweets!! Bridal and Formal ~ From Here to I DO, … [Read more...]
Bridal and Formal Featured on Channel 9
Andy, Lisa, Shelley & Emily are all interviewed for Channel 9 WCPO - Cincinnati has the happiest couples survey! Great job! http://youtu.be/gfMOQV4mHg8 … [Read more...]
Reem Acra Spring 2014
We are completely "WOWED" by these fabulous new Reem Acra gowns fresh off the New York runway. These fashions are consistent with Reem's ever so couture style with the perfect amount of edge. Can you envision yourself in any of these looks for your big day? If so, be sure to call us and see when these styles may make their appearances in our store. We would love to help you look just as incredible … [Read more...]
Bridal and Formal is "So Cincinnati"
Bridal and Formal was featured on WKRC - CBS 12 on April 5th. So Cincinnati: Bridal and Formal in Reading http://youtu.be/5sRj4Bf--L4 So Cincinnati Bridal and Formal in Reading - Cincinnati news story LOCAL 12 WKRC-TV in Cincinnati The largest bridal store in the United States is not in New York City or Los Angeles. It's in Reading, Ohio. Bridal and Formal offers women a … [Read more...]
Eddie Hedges from Blessid Union of Souls to Appear at Fashion for the Cure
Eddie Hedges makes appearance on Fox 19 Morning News to promote Fashion for the Cure and his newest album. Click here for link EDDIE HEDGES OF Blessid Union of Souls To Make Personal Appearance at Sycamore High School WHO: Eddie Hedges, member of Blessid Union of Souls and a Sycamore graduate lends his support to Fashion for the Cure. WHAT: Eddie will launch the fashion show with the … [Read more...]
Paris November Promotion
Book an appointment in Paris on any Monday or Thursday in November for a 1 hour accessory appointment and receive: a $25 Paris Gift Certificate 20% off of your entire Paris purchase Entry into a drawing for a free pair of Bamboo Blond Earrings -> Call today to schedule your appointment! 513.821.6622 … [Read more...]
Special Thanksgiving Week Hours
Nov 18 - Nov 24 On Tuesday, November 20th, Bridal and Formal will be open for appointment only from 11-5pm. Limited spots available. Call 513-821-6622 for more details. Hours for the Week of November 18-24 Sun 12-4 Mon - 11-8 Tues - 11-5~ by appointment only Wed - 11-5 Thurs - CLOSED for Thanksgiving Fri - 10-5 Sat - 9:30-5 … [Read more...]
New Store Hours~CLOSED ON TUESDAYS
Starting November 1st Bridal and Formal will be closed on Tuesdays. Please call if you have any questions - 513.821.6622 HOURS: Sunday 12-4 Monday 11-8 Tuesday CLOSED Wednesday 11-8 Thursday 11-8 Friday - 11-5 Saturday 9:30 - 5 … [Read more...]
Austin Scarlett At Bridal and Formal
Bridal and Formal is proud to announce the special appearance of Austin Scarlett as he debuts his Spring 2013 Collection. For 3 DAYS Only, brides will have the opportunity to meet Austin and with his expertise, choose the perfect gown for their wedding. Appointments are available. Please call our bridal department to take advantage of this once in a lifetime opportunity! 513-821-6622 … [Read more...]


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The Glycemic Index Diet groups foods based on how easily they're converted to energy by the body.
Balsamic vinegar and tomatoes give a sweet taste to this braised chicken. Serve with brown rice and beets and greens.
This meal makes it easy to eat delicious and healthy fare on nights when you have little time for dinner. Use whole-wheat pasta for added nutrition.
Steaming fish with ginger, garlic, and green onions gives it lots of flavor. Serve with green beans and brown rice for a complete meal.
Foods that take longer to break down help you feel fuller longer and help you avoid cravings and overeating. Dieters are encouraged to limit over-processed and nutrient-lacking foods that leave you hungry for the next snack.
Foods are assigned to "green," "yellow," and "red" groups giving you an eating traffic light.
Many recipes designed for diabetics are suitable for people watching their glycemic index.
Hard to believe, but many kids will be back in school at the end of the month. Get ready.
You won't believe all the things you can do with cauliflower. It's a great low-carb option.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
Tasty beans and greens with escarole, pancetta, and a bread crumb topping.
See how to make healthy homemade whole wheat pizza dough.
See all you can do with this centuries-old super grain.
Read our allrecipes.com blog


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1 night stay in Parma
We are traveling on train from Cinque Terre to Venice and plan on staying in Parma for one night. Any suggestions as to where to stay? We would like to be right in the town center so we can get as much of the town feel as possible.


text:
If you've ever been to London, then you've probably used a payphone
at least once, which means you've seen some of those escort service ads
which litter almost every single phone booth. Even then, I'm sure you'd
be wondering "where the hell are the authorities?" And even though you
know prostitution is legal there, that question still crosses your
What then should we do when we start seeing these
sorts of ads distributed in the streets of Amman in broad daylight
under the disguise of "Massage Parlors"?
and on the back:
of all when I do want to get a massage, I look at brochures to know
what credentials a place has, who the doctors supervising it are, IF
there are any doctors supervising it, and what methodologies they use.
I don't need to look at a picture of the half naked girl whom is
supposed to give me the massage when I arrive there.
Notice that if you look close enough at the girl, you'll start seeing things you don't expect to see. And notice that they only use mobile phone numbers so they can pack up and leave any time they feel too exposed (I can't imagine what could be more exposing than this).
The back of the
card is the most interesting; not only do you get the girl, but they
can also provide you with a furnished apartment if you need one, at
prices which fit everyone's wallet –does this mean that a 15 year old
can find something within his budget range?
So this is a
new trend in Jordan; Prostitution Combo's (Get the girl and you get a
discount off the apartment) This can indicate two things; that their
market is getting so competitive that we're starting to see bundle
deals, and that the consumer base for such services is actually growing
that more places are opening up and competing with each other.
should we do? Should we ignore the fact that everyone knows what those
places really are? Should we bow our heads like sheep and feel like we
can't do much about it? Or should we ask the big question: "What the
***k is the Amman municipality doing? And what the ***k is the Ministry
of internal affairs doing?" Should we wait till those places start
using their fixed line numbers in their ads?
Although we
expect the bulk of responsibility to fall on the people in charge of
those ministries, we as citizens have a duty as well. Our duty is to
inform authorities of such places, as well as bring up the issue
whenever we get the opportunity to speak to a group of people. Taxi
drivers can play a very important role in fighting this disease,
because as know, it is mostly tourists and expats who seek those
places. If taxi drivers refuse to drive anyone whom they suspect to be
going to such a place, then we would have a very good first line of
Finally, when I want to get a massage, I would never go to a place called "Super Gardens" and definitely not "سوبر جاردنز". I wouldn't even buy bulk CD-R's if their brand was "Super (anything)".


text:
Request Form---NEW!
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To access the library's databases from OFF CAMPUS use your Westmont email username and password to log-in.
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This guide will give you a brief overview of library services and resources available to you as faculty at Westmont College. Click on the tabs above for information about:
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It you would like to request a library instruction session, contact your library liaison.
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To print at the library, log in to one of the library computers using your Westmont email username and password. We have both color and black and white printers.


text:
The Brazilian issued a statement on his official website accusing the country's governing body of an unspecified breach of contract and announcing his departure from the role.
The statement read: "I have told the international federation (FIFA) and the Iraqi federation that I consider my contract void due to the IFA's failure to comply with its conditions. I will give more details soon."
Iraq won 10 and lost only five of Zico's 21 games in charge. They lie third in Asia's World Cup qualifying Group B, firmly in the hunt for the second qualifying place behind runaway group leaders Japan.


text:
A user-interface of a device renders a first object and a second object, each object with data of a business application. The device is either of a first type or of a second type. In the device, an interpreter receives an application specification document with a statement. The statement indicates to render the first and second objects in an assembly. The interpreter identifies a presentation pattern for the assembly from predefined first and second presentation patterns according to the type of the device so that the assembly is rendered according to the presentation pattern.
1. A method for rendering on a user interface of a device an assembly of a first object and a second object that each present data of an application, the method comprising:
receiving an application specification document by the device, the application specification document having a statement with an indication to render the first and second objects in the assembly, wherein the device is either of a first type or of a second type;
interpreting the statement of the application specification document to identify a presentation pattern for the assembly that defines a relation between at least two objects, the presentation pattern identified according to the type of the device from predefined first and second presentation patterns; and
rendering the assembly of the first and second objects on the user interface according to the presentation pattern identified in the interpreting step.
2. The method of
specifying the application in the application specification document by a workbench in a development computer; and
simulating the rendering step by a pre-viewer component of the workbench.
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. A computer-program product to visually render a first object and a second object in an assembly on screen of a computing device, the objects presenting data of an application on a computer that is at least temporarily coupled to the computing device, the device being either of a first type or of a second type, the computer-program product embodied in a memory medium and having instructions that cause a processor of a computing device to perform the following steps:
receiving an application specification document from the computer, the application specification document having a statement with an indication to render the first and second objects in the assembly;
interpreting the statement of the application specification document to identify a visual presentation pattern for the assembly that defines a relation between at least two objects, the visual presentation pattern identified according to the type of the device from predefined first and second visual presentation patterns; and
rendering the assembly of the first and second objects on the screen according to the visual presentation pattern identified in the interpreting step.
7. The computer-program product of
8. The computer-program product of
9. A computer-program product tangibly embodied in a memory medium of a computing device of either a first type or a second type, the computer-program product for interpreting an application specification document and causing a processor of the computing device to render a first object and a second object in combination to a user interface of the device, the computer-program product having a plurality of instructions to control the processor, the computer-program product characterized in that
a first sub-plurality of instructions form a theme-handler to evaluate a statement of the application specification document, the statement instructing to render the first and second objects in an assembly according to a device type specific presentation pattern for the assembly that defines a relation between at least two objects, where the device type specific presentation pattern is identified from predefined first and second visual presentation patterns; and
a second sub-plurality of instructions form a navigation engine to select one of the first and second objects for interaction with a user to create inter-object relations with user interface elements and data cursors.
This application is a continuation of U.S. National Phase application Ser. No. 10/257,510, filed on Oct. 11, 2002 now abandoned, entitled Method And Computer Program For Rendering Assemblies Objects On User-Interface To Present Data Of Application. Application Ser. No. 10/257,510 is a U.S. National Phase Application for International Application No. PCT/EP01/04095, filed Apr. 10, 2001, which claims priority to Japan Patent Application No. 2000-109978, filed Apr. 11, 2000.
The present invention relates generally to the creation of applications for computing devices, and more particularly to presenting the applications on different computing devices that have different user-interfaces (e.g., size and shape), to creating applications which can be used in on-line or off-line operating modes of the computing device, and to defining classes of applications, wherein the applications share common user-interface models.
Recent technology development created an opportunity to hand over low-cost, low-maintenance small mobile ("pervasive") computing devices to professional and non-professional workers who are not always, or perhaps never, within reach of a desktop computer.
Such pervasive devices must be able to integrate with corporate data systems (such as SAP R/3 by SAP Aktiengesellschaft, Walldorf (Baden), Germany) and business processes that are enabled by information technology (IT).
When presenting the application, the devices render objects to the user-interface of the device. For example, the devices visually render screen objects (e.g., tiles) on a screen, or aurally render voice to a loudspeaker. Often layout information for each object and for each device is specified (i.e. "hard-coded") into the application specification. However, it is not desired to specify for each device type and for each object.
Furthermore, the current state of communication reliability, communication costs, and device battery capacity make it necessary to support disconnected ("off-line") as well as connected ("on-line") operating modes (of the computing device). Unfortunately, there is a shortage of tools to meet these requirements.
From the standpoint of application development, maintenance and deployment, there is a further additional challenge of supporting different computing devices. The computing devices are, for example, consumer devices with the Windows CE operating system (available for at least 4 different screen sizes), wireless telephones with micro-browsers, and traditional wire-bound telephones. As a further medium, voice can deliver corporate content via interactive voice response systems using telephone push buttons or voice-recognition and voice-synthesis.
Hence, there is a need to create customizable applications for pervasive computing devices. Further, since communication infrastructures are developing rapidly but unevenly throughout the world, the development method should support mixed on-line and off-line usage of the applications without imposing large discontinuities and resultant training costs on the users.
In other words, it is desired to provide server-based layouts that supports multiple implementations of different computing devices and that support multiple media.
As in claim 1, the present invention provides a method for rendering an assembly (i.e. a combination) of a first object and a second object on a user-interface of a device. The device is either of a first type or of a second type; the first and second objects present data of an application. The method comprises:
receiving an application specification document by the device, the application specification document having a statement with an indication to render the first and second objects in the assembly;
interpreting the statement of the application specification document to identify a presentation pattern for the assembly from predefined first and second presentation patterns according to the type of the device; and
rendering the assembly of the first and second objects on the user-interface according to the presentation pattern identified in the interpreting step.
An indication to render the object in an assembly is given in the receiving step. While in the prior art, presentation statements include explicit presentation data for each single object; the inventive presentation statement is simplified and only indicates that the objects are presented in an assembly. The presentation statement (or "rendering statement") is sufficient to identify a presentation pattern by interpreting the statement when the user-interface of the device is taken into account.
As in claim 2, preferably, prior to the receiving step, the method further comprises specifying the application in the application specification document by a workbench in a development computer, and simulating the rendering step by a pre-viewer component of the workbench.
Using the workbench allows the developer to confirm the presentation without using the device. The simulation presents a look-like of the objects. It also enables the developer to first specify the application for a device of the first type and then to adapt the application for a device of the second type.
As in claim 3, preferably, in the rendering step, the first object and the second object are rendered not only according to the presentation pattern but also according to a predefined hierarchy pattern.
The hierarchy pattern is convenient for rendering objects that are related to each other in hierarchy. For example, the first object can be supra-coordinated over the second object. The hierarchy pattern can be defined as a sequence for consecutively rendering objects and as a definition of object locations (e.g., right-left, foreground-background).
As in claim 4, preferably, the specifying step comprises writing the application in an application specification language, providing an interpreter that is specific for the application specification language, and storing the interpreter in the device.
Having the interpreter adapted to the application specification language and storing the interpreter in the device, allows to present the objects of the application even if the device is not coupled to an application server computer (off-line mode).
As in claim 5, preferably, the predefined presentation patterns are stored by the interpreter. Storing the predefined presentation patters (or "themes") by the interpreter alleviates the developer from specifying presentation patterns in the statement itself.
As in claim 6, preferably, the presentation pattern is a display pattern, wherein the objects are rendered to the user-interface being a screen, and wherein the presentation pattern is identified according to the screen size. In the embodiment of visual presentation, screen sizes of different devices are distinguished.
As in claim 7, in the rendering step, the presentation pattern is an audio pattern.
As in claim 8, the present invention provides a computer-program product to visually render a first object and a second object in an assembly on a screen of a computing device. The objects present data of a business application on a computer that is at least temporarily coupled to the computing device. The device is either of a first type or of a second type. The computer-program product has instructions that cause a processor of a computing device to perform the following steps:
receiving an application specification document from a computer, the application specification document having a statement with an indication to render the first and second objects in assembly; interpreting the statement of the application specification document to identify a visual presentation pattern for the assembly from predefined first and second visual presentation patterns according to the type of the device; and rendering the assembly of the first and second objects on the screen according to the visual presentation pattern identified in the interpreting step.
It is an advantage that the computer must not be permanently coupled to the computing device. It is sufficient to transfer the application specification document to the computing device before rendering the objects. The computing device is either of a first type or of a second type; the application specification document does not need to distinguish the type. The statement indicates to render the first and second objects in an assembly. It is not necessary to indicate details on how the objects are assembled. According to the device type, the suitable visual presentation patterns for the assembly is identified from predefined patterns that are, preferably, stored in the computing device.
As in claim 9, preferably, the computer-program product is an interpreter that is located in the device.
As in claim 10, optionally, the interpreter is located in a further computer. This has the advantage that devices with low computing power like conventional phones can render the application as well.
As in claim 11, the computer-program product is, optionally, embodied by a program signal that is conveyed to the computing device.
As in claim 12, the computer-program product is, optionally, embodied by a program carrier.
As in claim 13, the present invention also provides a computer-program product that resides in a computing device of either a first type or a second type, the computer-program product for interpreting an application specification document and causing a processor of the computing device to render a first object and a second object in combination to a user-interface of the device, the computer-program product having a plurality of instructions to control the processor, the computer-program product characterized in the following:
A first sub-plurality of instructions form a theme-handler to evaluate a statement of the application specification document, the statement instructing to render the first and second objects in an assembly according to a device type specific presentation pattern for the assembly that is identified from predefined first and second visual presentation patterns.
A second sub-plurality of instructions form a navigation engine to select one of the first and second objects for interaction with a user to create inter-object relations with user-interface elements and data cursors.
As in claim 14, the computer-program product is, optionally, delivered to the device by a program signal.
As in claim 15, the computer-program product is, optionally, delivered to the device by a program carrier.
As in claim 16, the present invention provides a method to create an application system operating with a computing device. The method comprises the following steps:
a first step to define a user-interface model; a second step to define an application specification document by a meta-language; a third step to customize a workbench component that identifies constraints on the validity of the application specification document; a fourth step to define layout themes for the computing device; a fifth step to realize the user-interface model in an interpreter component; and a sixth step to realize the layout-themes in the interpreter component.
As in claim 17, preferably, the first step comprises: determining the types of tiles and the functionality of tiles; the tiles being elements of the user-interface model; determining relationships between the tiles in an assembly, and determining a navigation state and the required user operations on the navigation state.
As in claim 18, preferably, the second step comprises: defining specifications to the types of tiles; defining attributes to express properties of the tiles; and defining attributes in the navigation state.
As in claim 19, preferably, the fourth step for each computing device comprises: defining a representation on the output media of device for each element of the user-interface model; and defining the user-interface model for each operation of the user-interface model.
As in claim 20, preferably, the fifth step comprises: creating models to specify the tiles and the assembly; implementing constructors to create user-interface instances from the application specification document; and implementing the user-interface instances from the models in a computer programming language.
As in claim 21, preferably, the sixth step comprises for each theme: implementing each layout-theme as a layout handler; and obtaining a selection of the layout-theme by a developer and forwarding the selection to the interpreter component.
In other words, solutions by the present inventions are summarized as follows:
(a) It is a task of the present invention to define a framework, wherein the framework defines classes of applications that share a common user-interface model.
By defining a dedicated rendering statement in application specification language, and by adapting an interpreter, the present invention allows to create applications for different types of computing devices, even if the device is not yet present when the application is developed. Since the statement is not specific to a single application, the statement can be re-used for further applications (classes).
(b) It is a further task of the present invention to define a method for creating an application development system (hereinafter "application system" for each particular user-interface model.
In such a system, a workbench component assists the developer to build the application and to simulate the application for a particular user-interface component of a particular device.
(c) It is a further task of the present invention to provide a method of defining computer-programming languages (CP-languages) to specify particular applications of the user-interface model.
The present invention takes advantage of language definition schemes. The possibility of creating content statements in schemes (e.g., XML scheme) is used to create the rendering statement. The language corresponds to the user-interface model with its components (e.g., tiles, assemblies, navigation).
(d) It is a further task of the present invention to provide an interpreter component for different computing devices, wherein the interpreter component executes the application by implementing the user-interface model.
The present invention allows to specify the interpreter and to simulate the interpreter by the workbench component. It is possible to build a single interpreter for a plurality of different devices, and also possible to build different interpreters for each device type.
(e) It is a further task of the present invention to provide a layout component (so-called "layout theme") in the interpreter component, wherein the layout component implements the user-interface model corresponding to each computing device. In other words, the themes are device-specific layouts for the user-interfaces (96 q, e.g., screen, speaker) of the devices.
(f) It is a further task of the present invention to provide for off-line, on-line and mixed operation modes of the applications with the same user-interface model and implementation.
(g) It is a further task of the present invention to enable the interpreter component (200) to synchronize data between the computing device (901/902/903) and the server computer 900 (or plurality of computers 900).
This is accomplished by data synchronization services in the interpreter.
(h) It is a further task of the present invention to enable the interpreter component to reflect data changes in the user-interface without explicit action by the user when a server computer initiates data.
(i) It is a further task of the present invention to provide techniques for improving the performance of the interpreter component on computing devices such as portable phones, conventional phones, handheld computers. The present invention can be used by such different computing devices.
FIGS. 27,28 illustrates a method to create an application system.
Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
For convenience, a list of reference numbers is provided prior to the claims.
As used herein, the term "developer" refers to a person who creates application 300 by interacting with workbench component 250 to create and assemble instances of language elements that form an application specification document 240. Preferably, the developer interacts with computer 900 (cf.
As used herein, the terms "theme" refers to the design of user-interface objects that create a distinct visual appearance, audible environment and behavior of the user-interface model. The theme comprises, for example, a presentation pattern and a hierarchy pattern.
Method steps are explained by function of components. Persons of skill in the art are able to implement method steps as computer program instructions, in a programming language, such as C++.
The present invention allows to specify application 300 at a high level, and optionally to specify applications 300 for a particular medium (or "form-factor") and device.
For this purpose, a family (or "class") of declarative application specification languages (AS-language) is created. The AS-language expresses: data-model component 204, integration of data-model component 204 with corporate data (e.g., in database 201), and user-interface component 340.
For each AS-language, interpreter component 200 (cf.
The functionality of built-into interpreter component 200 is enhanced by common scripting languages, or is enhanced by custom object components on COM or similar technologies.
Interpreter component 200 comprises data synchronization services 218 (cf.
While the basic operating mode of device 901/902/903 is off-line, interpreter component 200 supports the combination of off-line and on-line modes. Interpreter component 200 simulates the "request-response" style of interaction that the user expects from an on-line connection between computing device 901/902/903 and server computer 900.
Interpreter component 200 presents this appearance by ensuring data-synchronization in near real-time ("RealTimeDataSync") and ensuring that data changes that result from synchronization are reflected on the user-interface ("change reflection") without an explicit user action (as the results become available).
Interpreter component 200 provides data synchronization through messaging services and communication services of computing devices 901/902/903; such services are available in standard device configurations.
Interpreter component 200 accommodates changes by a data synchronization layer that is coupled to a user-interface data-event layer. When the server changes data, the changes are automatically propagated to the elements of the user-interface.
Computers 900-902 are coupled via inter-computer network 990. Computer 900 comprises processor 910, memory 920, bus 930, and, optionally, input device 940 and output device 950 (I/O devices, user-interface 960). As illustrated, the invention is present by computer program product 100 (CPP), program carrier 970 and program signal 980, collectively "program".
In respect to computer 900, computer 901/902 is sometimes referred to as "remote computer", computer 901/902 is, for example, a server, a router, a peer device or other common network node, and typically comprises many or all of the elements described relative to computer 900. Hence, elements 100 and 910-980 in computer 900 collectively illustrate also corresponding elements 10 q and 91 q-98 q (shown for q=0) in computers 90 q.
Computer 900 is, for example, a conventional personal computer (PC), a desktop and hand-held device, a multiprocessor computer, a pen computer, a microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, a minicomputer, a mainframe computer, a personal mobile computing device, a mobile phone, a portable or stationary personal computer, a palmtop computer or the like.
Processor 910 is, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a micro-controller unit (MCU), digital signal processor (DSP), or the like.
Memory 920 symbolizes elements that temporarily or permanently store data and instructions. Although memory 920 is conveniently illustrated as part of computer 900, memory function can also be implemented in network 990, in computers 901/902 and in processor 910 (e.g., cache, register), or elsewhere. Memory 920 can be a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), or a memory with other access options. Memory 920 is physically implemented by computer-readable media, such as, for example: (a) magnetic media, like a hard disk, a floppy disk, or other magnetic disk, a tape, a cassette tape; (b) optical media, like optical disk (CD-ROM, digital versatile disk—DVD); (c) semiconductor media, like DRAM, SRAM, EPROM, EEPROM, memory stick, or by any other media, like paper.
Optionally, memory 920 is distributed across different media. Portions of memory 920 can be removable or non-removable. For reading from media and for writing in media, computer 900 uses devices well known in the art such as, for example, disk drives, tape drives.
Memory 920 stores support modules such as, for example, a basic input output system (BIOS), an operating system (OS), a program library, a compiler, an interpreter, and a text-processing tool. Support modules are commercially available and can be installed on computer 900 by those of skill in the art. For simplicity, these modules are not illustrated.
CPP 100 comprises program instructions and—optionally—data that cause processor 910 to execute method steps of the present invention. Method steps are explained with more detail below. In other words, CPP 100 defines the operation of computer 900 and its interaction in system network system 999. For example and without the intention to be limiting, CPP 100 can be available as source code in any programming language, and as object code ("binary code") in a compiled form. Persons of skill in the art can use CPP 100 in connection with any of the above support modules (e.g., compiler, interpreter, operating system).
Although CPP 100 is illustrated as being stored in memory 920, CPP 100 can be located elsewhere. CPP 100 can also be embodied in carrier 970.
Carrier 970 is illustrated outside computer 900. For communicating CPP 100 to computer 900, carrier 970 is conveniently inserted into input device 940. Carrier 970 is implemented as any computer readable medium, such as a medium largely explained above (cf. memory 920). Generally, carrier 970 is an article of manufacture comprising a computer readable medium having computer readable program code means embodied therein for executing the method of the present invention. Further, program signal 980 can also embody computer program 100. Signal 980 travels on network 990 to computer 900.
Having described CPP 100, program carrier 970, and program signal 980 in connection with computer 900 is convenient. Optionally, program carrier 971/972 (not shown) and program signal 981/982 embody computer program product (CPP) 101/102 to be executed by processor 911/912 (not shown) in computers 901/902, respectively.
Input device 940 symbolizes a device that provides data and instructions for processing by computer 900. For example, device 940 is a keyboard, a pointing device (e.g., mouse, trackball, cursor direction keys), microphone, joystick, game pad, scanner. Although the examples are devices with human interaction, device 940 can also operate without human interaction, such as, a wireless receiver (e.g., with satellite dish or terrestrial antenna), a sensor (e.g., a thermometer), a counter (e.g., goods counter in a factory). Input device 940 can serve to read carrier 970.
Output device 950 symbolizes a device that presents instructions and data that have been processed. For example, a monitor or other type of display, (cathode ray tube (CRT), flat panel display, liquid crystal display (LCD), a speaker, a printer, a plotter, a vibration alert device. Similar as above, output device 950 communicates with the developer, but it can also communicate with further computers.
Input device 940 and output device 950 can be combined to a single device; any device 940 and 950 can be provided optional.
Bus 930 and network 990 provide logical and physical connections by conveying instruction and data signals. While connections inside computer 900 are conveniently referred to as "bus 930", connections between computers 900-902 are referred to as "network 990". Devices 940 and 950 are coupled to computer 900 by bus 930 (as illustrated) or by network 990 (optional). While the signals inside computer 900 are mostly electrical signals, the signals in network are electrical, magnetic, optical or wireless (radio) signals.
Networking environments (as network 990) are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet (i.e. world wide web). The physical distance between a remote computer and computer 900 is not important. Network 990 can be a wired or a wireless network. To name a few network implementations, network 990 is, for example, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a public switched telephone network (PSTN); a Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), an infra-red (IR) link, a radio link, like Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), or satellite link.
Transmission protocols and data formats are know, for example., as transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP), hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP), secure HTTP, wireless application protocol, unique resource locator (URL), a unique resource identifier (URI), hyper text markup language HTML, extensible markup language (XML), extensible hyper text markup language (XHTML), wireless application markup language (WML), etc.
Interfaces coupled between the elements are also well known in the art. For simplicity, interfaces are not illustrated. An interface can be, for example, a serial port interface, a parallel port interface, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, an internal or external modem, a video adapter, or a sound card.
Computer and program are closely related. As used hereinafter, phrases, such as "the computer provides" and "the program provides", are convenient abbreviation to express actions by a computer that is controlled by a program.
Computer 900 is also referred to as "server computer".
Computer 900 stores database 201 (cf.
Computer 901/902/903 is hereinafter referred to as "computing device" 901/902/903. For simplicity, reference numbers are sometimes left out. Computing device 901/902/903 can be of different types.
Computing device 901 is a portable phone with a micro-browser, computing device 902 is a conventional phone without a browser (portable or fixed-wired phone), and computing device 903 is a personal computer (cf.
Computer 900 and device 901/902/903 are in a client-server relation. For convenience of explanation, device 901/902/903 is regarded as the "client" and computer 900 is regarded as the "server". Usually, computer 900 and device 901/902/903 are located separately; this is sometimes expressed by the term "remote" in connection with computer 900.
Among other things, the present invention has the advantage to provide the desired server-based layout that support multiple implementations of different computing devices and that support multiple media.
A further advantage of the present invention is in the following: When device 901/902/903 presents an application to the user, device 901/902/903 can operate either in an on-line operating mode (exchange data with computer 900) or in an off-line operating mode (no data exchange). Both operating modes can be combined ("mixed" mode).
A further advantage of the present invention is in a data-centric approach. Database 201 in computer 900 operates independently from application system 200/250/260 of the invention. Changes of the application system 200/250/260 do not require changes of database 201.
Having described hardware implementations in
Application specification languages (AS-languages) address each of these components 204, 320, 330, 340 of application 300.
In application 300, it is not necessary for all of these components 204, 320, 330, 340 to be present.
The components are now explained with more detail:
Data-model component 204 defines local data on which application 300 acts. Data-model component 204 comprises tables 311, 312, and interrelation 315 between tables 311, 312.
Middleware-model component 320 defines content of messages 321 that are exchanged between computing device 901/902/903 and server computer 900 to accomplish data synchronization, and defines relations 322 between messages 321 and tables 311, 312 of data-model component 204.
Business-logic component 330 comprises a pool of functions 331 and scripts 332 that are associated with various application events.
User-interface component 340 defines how the user interacts with application 300. User-interface component 340 comprises the following elements: user-interface model 341, and theme 345. User-interface model 341 comprises tile 342, assemblies 343, and navigation state 344. It is an advantage of the present invention, that model 341 is not specific to application 300; in other words, model 341 can be used for a plurality of different applications. Tile 342 is a view of an application-level object, such as customer, contact etc.
Assemblies 343 are pluralities of tiles 342 and interrelations between tiles 342, for example, a plurality of views of related business objects. Navigation state 344 is a model of the state and operations of user-interface model 341, with access, instantiation and transition between tiles 342 and assemblies 343. Optionally, navigation state 344 memorizes previous states. Theme 345 is a presentation of user-interface model 341 on a particular type of computing device.
The realization of theme 345 may require additional "state" information to represent the status of the presentation (of application 300) at runtime; this information is logically associated with navigation state 344 and extends navigation state 344.
The above definitions of application 300 (cf.
The developer chooses particular tile 342, assemblies 342 and navigation state 344. When choosing, the developer thereby sets the requirements for the AS-language to specify application 300 in compliance with corresponding user-interface model 341. Resulting application 300 is presented on different computing devices (and media) in accordance with theme 345 suitable for each particular computing device (and medium).
In the following, user-interface model 341 is described in first and second implementations 341-1, 341-2. For convenience, indices 1 and 2 are added to reference numbers 341-345.
The first implementation 341-1 of user-interface model 341 is the so-called MDF-model or "tile-set stack model". As mentioned, user-interface model 341 is defined by tile 342-2, assembly 343-1 and navigation state 344-1.
Tile 342-1 combines user-interface elements that are displayed in fields within a particular business object type. For example, tile 342-1 'customer detail' belongs to the business object type 'customer'. Individual user-interface elements of tile 342-1 belong to fields such as 'customer number', 'name', and 'industry type'.
Assembly 343-1 is a plurality of tiles 342-1 that are organized in a hierarchy (or collection of hierarchies). One or more tiles 342-1 are designated as main tile; each main tile is the root of a tree of sub tiles. A sub tile is related to main tile (parent) by a query on the set of all data items that are associated with the sub tile. The query is parameterized by properties of the currently selected item in the main tile. For example, when the user selects 'customer' in the main tile, related 'sales orders' in a sub tile are automatically selected and displayed. Hierarchy is generally explained in connection with
Navigation state 344-1 comprises instantiated assemblies 343-1 that are displayed as a stack (cf. navigation stack 402 in
Such actions do not affect navigation stack 402 (cf.
The second implementation 341-2 of user-interface model 341 is a so-called "pervasive workflow model" or "dialog model". Implementation 341-2 is suitable for simple workflow applications 300, where the user is required to make a choice step at a particular point in application 300.
As used herein, the term "workflow" is a sequence of predefined interactions of the user with device 901/902/903. For example for a workflow 'vacation request approval', the user (who likes to request vacation) first inputs his/her name (as 'requester'), second inputs the desired vacation dates (as 'date'), third inputs a 'reason', and so on. The choice step is based on a small amount of predetermined data. The choice step can be presented on a mobile computing device (e.g., device 901 or 903).
User-interface model 341-2 for this scenario is described by the following definitions:
Tile 342-2 is a plurality of user-interface elements that are displayed in fields on a workflow container. For example, the workflow container for 'vacation request approval' would have user-interface elements such as 'requester', 'date', and 'reason'. Since assembly 343-2 preferably, comprises only a single tile 342-2, assembly 343-2 and tile 342-2 are not distinguished.
Navigation state 344-2 comprises a single instantiated tile 342-2, designated by the user as the "current tile". The user can only interact with this "current tile". In order to designate an instantiated tile 342-2 as "current tile", all tiles 342-2 are available in a pool that the user can access.
The user may return an instance back to the pool by selecting another instance from the pool. Optionally, the user indicates that processing of the tile instance is complete, whereupon the tile is logically removed from the pool. the user may also initiate a new tile instance and add it to the pool, by selecting from a list of tiles defined in application 300. User-interface model 340 can be elaborated to manage a tile instance pool of more complexity; for example, the workflow represented by each tile instance could have an associated priority or additional states.
In step creating application specification document 240 (cf.
In step encoding, workbench component 250 transforms application specification document 240 into interpreter-readable document 241 (cf.
In step storing, workbench component 250 stores interpreter-readable document 241 in storage system 242 (cf.
Application specification document 240 is an XML-document that conforms to a particular AS-language 260. Such AS-languages are specified in a meta-language. Examples for meta-languages are "document type definition" (DTD) or "XML schema", both well known in the art. The preferred embodiment of the present invention uses "XML schema". Preferably, workbench component 250 is an XML document editor that assists the developer in creating application specification document 240.
The editor validates application specification document 240 and edits context-sensitive to ensure compliance with the AS-language. The developer creates a new application specification document 240 by invoking a start command from a menu in workbench component 250.
Subsequently, the developer modifies the document by adding or deleting XML-elements, or by adding, modifying, or deleting attributes of these elements. Operations on elements are performed through user-interface actions on the tree-viewer, while operations on element attributes are performed through element attribute panel 254 (cf.
As arrows 1 and 2 indicate, application specification document 240 is read by client-side interpreter component 200-1 or by server-side interpreter component 200-2. For simplicity, optional formatting document 240 into interpreter-readable document 241 is not illustrated. The distinction between client-side and server-side is convenient, but not necessary for the present invention. Preferably, client-side interpreter 200-1 resides in memory 921/922/923 of device 901/902/903 and controls how processor 911/912/913 of device 901/902/903 executes the application (cf.
The following description explains an "application system" 200/250/260 as a tool to create applications that share particular user-interface model 341. Application system 200/250/260 comprises: an application specification language 260 (AS-language), workbench component 250 (cf.
AS-language 260 defines the language elements required to express application 300 in user-interface model 341.
As mentioned above, the developer uses workbench component 250 to create and assemble instances of elements of AS-language 260 to form the application specification. Interpreter component 200 executes the application specification and presents the user-interface on the computing device.
A preferred embodiment of the syntax of the AS-language is the "Extensible Markup Language" (XML). The use of the term "XML" in this context refers to the World Wide Web Consortium specification of XML, as well as encoding schemes for XML into binary or other forms that preserve the XML structure (cf.
Another preferred embodiment of the syntax is a binary encoding (240-2) of XML, "WAP binary XML encoding". For defining the AS-language, preferably, the meta-language is "XML schema".
Optionally, customization of workbench component 250 may be required to realize document validity criteria not adequately expressed by the meta-language (in which the AS-language is defined).
Typed document component 251 uses the AS-language definition: to understand the structure of application specification document 240 and to determine valid edit operations on each element and attribute.
Typed document component 251 provides application programming interfaces (API, not shown in
Any changes to application specification document 240 are broadcasted to all other components. The other components update their internal state and displays accordingly.
Component 252 contains a reference to a distinguished element in the application specification document 240 to designate this distinguished element as "current element" ("current element reference").
Tree-viewer component 253 and pre-viewer components 255 browse the elements of document 251. Components 253, 255 update current element references by calling a document cursor API. Document cursor component 252 broadcasts the updated current element reference to all components 253, 254, 255. Components 253, 254, 255 update their internal state and screen displays accordingly.
Tree-viewer component 253 displays document typed document 251 in a hierarchy that mirrors the actual structure of document 251. Tree-viewer component 253 has context-sensitive menus to delete elements from document 251 or to insert elements into document 251.
Element attribute panel component 254 displays the attributes that are defined for the current element. Panel component 254 displays the attributes according to their types and according to meta-attributes.
Pre-viewer components 255 present application specification document 240 in a form that approximates the presentations of document 240 by interpreter component 200 (cf.
Each open pre-viewer component 255 shows (makes visible and highlights) these elements that correspond to user-interface elements. When the developer selects a representation of a user-interface element, open pre-viewer component 255 causes that element to become the current element. As a result, tree-viewers 253 and pre-viewer components 255 update their displays accordingly.
In the example of
In the example of
Workbench component 250 responds with a dialog box showing list 258 of the candidate elements at this location of the document; the candidate elements are determined automatically by inspection of the AS-language 260.
To set the value of an attribute of a particular element, the developer selects the element in tree-viewer 255 (cf.
Information on the type and other meta-attributes of each attribute determines visual appearance of the attribute in attribute panel 254 (cf.
Using workbench component 250, the developer creates application specification document 240. For "prototyping", user-interface 341 is created first (enhances end-user understanding and feedback on the design). Data-model component 204 is created later. In another preferred embodiment, when data-model component 250 is known a priori, its portion of the document is created first, followed by the creation of the User-interface portion.
The prototyping embodiment is enabled by pre-viewer components 255, which are capable of approximating the presentation of the application on interpreter component 200. Pre-viewer component 255 may effect this simulation with documents that are incomplete and therefore not capable of execution by interpreter component 200 itself. Since each pre-viewer 255 realizes the simulation of a particular layout Theme, and since pre-viewers 255 can be displayed simultaneously, the developer may confirm the presentations of the application on each of devices 901/902/903 at the same time. Since the architecture of workbench component 250 also provides that any changes to the application document are broadcast to all components, the confirmation of the presentation on each device 901/902/903 can be done while the application is being created or modified.
After completing the creation of the application specification document, the developer uses the validation function of workbench component 250 to ensure that interpreter component 200 can correctly execute the document. The validation function is also driven by definition of AS-language 260.
Finally the document is transformed and encoded (see
The following describes a preferred embodiment of the application system 200/250/260 for devices 901 and 903 that are mobile devices. In other words, system 200/250/260 is a mobile data application framework (MDF) system. For convenience, the acronym "MDF" is added to reference numbers.
Application specification language (AS-language) 260-MDF corresponds to user-interface model 341.
Table 1 cites an example for AS-language 260-MDF. AS-language 260-MDF is an XML-compliant language, in other words, language definition document 230-MDF is an "XML schema". Workbench component 250-MDF provides context-sensitive guidance to the developer. "Candidate elements" are illustrated in
Sub-system 202-206 for "XML Services" is of particular importance. Sub-system 202-206 provides access to the application specification. For convenience of explanation, sub-system 202-206 is illustrated separately (left side) as graphical user-interface (GUI) definition 202 ("GUI"), data-model component 204 ("DATA-MODEL"), and middleware-model components 206 ("MIDDLEWARE").
Device native user-interface services 208 ("DEVICE SERVICES", right side) are user-interface services provided by a particular computing device, these are, for example: window management (for device with graphical display), and speech synthesis (for device with voice interface).
Since services 208 can be provided by a person of skill in the art without further explanation herein, details for services 208 are not illustrated.
The other components of interpreter component 200 in
Tile handler component 210 implements the collection of tile types and the collection of any user-interface elements that a tile may contain. Component 210 creates or destroys tile instances and any user-interface elements in the tile instances. Component 210 is controlled by component 212.
Tile assembly and navigation engine component 212 ("TANE component") implements the user-interface model 341. When component 212 creates an assembly, component 212 creates inter-tile relations by setting up a data-event propagation network. The Network is formed by user-interface elements and data cursors.
Theme-handler component 214 maps user-interface model 340 and TANE component 212 to a concrete user-interface. Theme-handler component 214 acts as a bridge between TANE component 212 on one side and the user on the other side. When requested by the theme, theme-handler component 214 shows or hides individual tiles (or equivalents in non-graphical user-interfaces).
Data-event services component 216 ties individual tiles, user-interface elements, and synchronization services together. Component 216 has data cursor objects to implement the notion of a sequence of objects and of a distinguished position in the sequence. The distinguished position is referred to as "cursor"; and the object at the cursor is referred to as the "current object". Objects in data-event services component 216 propagate events that relate to the data-store among the data cursors and user-interface elements.
Synchronization services component 218 is responsible for the synchronization of the data-stores between device 901/902/903 and server computer 900 (remote server). Component 218 intercepts changes to the data-store originating from tile handler component 210, records and assembles them into messages that are eventually sent to server computer 900. In the other direction, synchronization services component 218 receives changes from server computer 900 in the form of messages from the server requesting the changes, and applies them to data store component 220; the receiving action is completed by issuing data-events into data-event services component 216 corresponding to the changes.
Data store services component 220 is the data-storage of computing device 901/902/903. Preferably, component 220 is a relational database management system. For example, component 220 is a database commercially available in the Microsoft Windows CE operating system.
Application document services component (not illustrated in
In application system 200/250/260, interpreter component 200 is optionally specialized for special environments or system configurations. In the following, first and second embodiment of interpreter component 200 are explained.
In both embodiments, the server-side interpreter component is implemented on mainly on server computer 900 and the presentation layer is implemented on computing device 901/902/903. Synchronization services component 218 (cf.
In the first embodiment, device 901 is the portable phone with micro-browser. Theme 345 (cf.
In the second embodiment, device 902 is the conventional phone. Theme 345 (cf.
As in
As in
As in
A navigation stack is not exposed as a visible control although as in handheld personal computer 903-1 (Half-VGA) it can be manipulated via the back arrow 407 on toolbar 408. The main tile of the current tile assembly is shown as the leftmost tab 410 in tab-strip 409, and sub-tiles 411 ('detail', 'equipment', etc.) follow to the right.
The third type moves away from using tab-strip 409 to organize the tiles, and instead displays the tiles simultaneously in one or more fixed locations 412-415 (or "slots") on the screen.
In detail, the mapping of the user-interface model to third type theme 345-3 is similar to that of first type theme (345-1, half-VGA). The screen is split into 4 areas 412-415 (slots).
An additional attribute, the target-frame attribute, is defined on the main tile and sub tile of each tile assembly and specifies which slots 412, 413, 414 or 415 to occupy on screen 953-3. A single tile can occupy one or more slots.
The target frame attribute can be empty; in that case, the tiles are shown in minimized form to be maximized on request by the user.
The number of tiles per slot as well as the number of slots per tile may vary. For example, the columns of a 'list view' tile have an associated importance attribute that is used to determine which columns to suppress in order to fit the available space. The illustration of
FIG. 20ABC is a series of views of a simulated display of wireless telephone 901 with micro-browser illustrating the server-side interpreter components WAP-theme 945-1. The view appear as in pre-viewer 255 that presents simulation 951′ of display 951 in device 901. Preferably, interpreter component 200 is located on a server computer (server-side interpreter 200-2, cf.
Pattern 297 indicates aurally rendering objects 360 and 370 on by a speaker (part of user-interface 963), wherein objects 360 and 370 are consecutively presented.
Hierarchy pattern 299 is optionally provided. In the example of
In step receiving 540, application specification document 240 is received with statement 245 having an indication to render first object 360 and second object 370 in assembly 360/370. In step interpreting 550, presentation pattern 295/296 for assembly 360/370 is identified from predefined first presentation pattern 295 and second presentation pattern 296 according to the type 903-1/903-2 of the device 903 (i.e. pattern 295 for type 903-1, pattern 296 for type 903-2). In step rendering 560, assembly 360/370 of first object 360 and second object 370 is rendered on user-interface 963 according to presentation pattern 295/296 identified in step interpreting 550.
As indicated by dashed frame 501, steps 540, 550 and 560 are performed by interpreter component 200 in device 901/902/902. Optional further steps (preferably, performed by computer 900) are explained in the following.
Preferably, prior to step receiving step 540, further steps are:
Preferably, in step 560, rendering, first object 360 and second object 370 are rendered according to presentation pattern 295/296 and to predefined hierarchy pattern 299 (cf.
Preferably, in rendering step 560, first object 360 and second object 370 are rendered not only according to presentation pattern 295/296, but also according to predefined hierarchy pattern 299.
Preferably, specifying step 530 comprises:
Preferably, method 500 further comprises: storing 538 predefined presentation patterns 295/296 by interpreter 200 (cf. themes 345 in
Both screens 953-1 and 953-2 each render first object 360 and second object 370 in assembly 360/370. Objects 360 and 370 each comprise title fields 361 and 371 and content fields 362 and 372. According to the invention, location and shape of objects 360/370 are modified; the content of content fields 362/372 is determined by the application. In other words, what happens inside content fields 362/372 (e.g., display of business data) is independent from what happens outside.
For convenience of further explanation, Cartesian coordinate system (X, Y) is illustrated with the origin in the left bottom.
For simplicity of further explanation, screens 953-1 and 953-2 are distinguished by the screen widths only (X-dimension): screen 953-1 in
In the prior art, the application specification document (that causes the interpreter in each device to render the objects) needs to state location data for each object. For example, for device 903-1, a prior art application specification document comprises: "display (object 1, object 2, attribute 1, attribute 2)", wherein "display" indicates to render an object on the screen, "object 1" stands for object 360, "object 2" stands for object 370, "attribute 1" stands for a layout attribute with (X, Y) coordinates of object 1 on screen 953-1, "attribute 2" stands for the layout attribute with (X, Y) coordinates of object 2 on screen 953-1.
Since the coordinates are different for each object, objects 360 and 370 appear adjacent. In other words, the theme "adjacent" is contained in the rendering statement implicitly.
Similar, for example, for device 903-2, a prior art application specification document comprises a similar rendering statement, but with different layout attributes. The (X, Y) coordinates are indicates such that object 360 overlaps object 370. The rendering statement indicates the OVERLAP theme implicitly.
It is an advantage of the present invention that the theme must not longer be included into application specification document 240. Application specification document 240 states the following rendering statement 245 (cf. FIG. 5):
In the example, statement 245 has 4 portions: "display" indicates to visually render objects on a screen; "object 1" stands for object 360 to be rendered; "object 2" stands for object 370 to be rendered; and "assembly" indicates that objects 360 and 370 are rendered in combination.
Direct or indirect inclusion of a theme (e.g., ADJACENT or OVERLAP) is not required by the invention. Interpreter 200 for device 903-1 (cf.
Returning back to
Depending on the presentation pattern und depending on the hierarchy, tile 360 (main) is rendered on the left side (
In the following, it will be explained how further different devices present the same application. The devices are a conventional telephone (cf. 902 in
First step 710 is to define user-interface model 341 and comprises the following sub-steps:
Second step 720 is to define the application specification by a meta-language and comprises the following sub-steps:
Third step 730 is to customize workbench component 250 and comprises to create event handlers that identify constraints on the validity of application specification document 240. Events that can not be represented by the meta-language are not valid.
Fourth step 740 is to define layout themes 345 for computing device 901/902/903. For each computing device 901/902/903; fourth step 740 comprises the following sub-steps:
Fifth step 750 is to realize user-interface model 341 in interpreter component 200. Fifth step 750 comprises the following sub-steps:
Sixth step 760 is to realize themes 345 in interpreter component 200 and comprises for each theme 345 the sub-steps of:
The present invention is now summarized as a computer-program product 103 (i.e., interpreter 200) that resides in computing device 903 (or 901, 902) of either first type 903-1 or second type 903-2. The computer-program product 200 is provided for interpreting application specification document 240 and causing processor 913 of computing device 903 (cf.
A first sub-plurality of instructions form theme-handler 214 to evaluate statement 245 of the application specification document 240 (cf.
Table 1 is and example for a MDF-application specification language
Table 2 is a simple Service Management demonstration program, defined with the MDF application language. For simplicity, table 2 has been abridged. For example, where "AttributeType" (or other statements) are repeated in consecutive line, the first 2 lines are kept and the other lines are replaced by ellipsis.
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Solid, punchy bass drum tone without overtones.
A coated Super Kick 2-ply bass drumhead. Double-ply version provides extra durability and more focused sound.
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A coated Super Kick 2-ply bass drumhead. Double-ply version provides extra durability and more focused sound.
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I have tried many heads trying to get the punch, done! This is the head that gave me what i have been looking for, this is a great head and would recommend it to anyone wanting the punch, and not the boom!
At first I was weary about going with an Aquarian drum head becasue i've always played Evans. I decided to got with the Super kick head and I am very happy with the results. On my 20"-20" kick it sounds simply amazing, being that the head in a 2-ply head gives it a very focused sound with very little overtone. This head is probably one the best kick drum heads avaiable and at a very reasonable cost. I am ready to buy more Aquarian heads to see if they match this heads sound quality.
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August 4, 2015
COLLEGE STATION A known gang member is in jail after police arrested say he had crack cocaine and prescription drugs in his car.
College Station officers on patrol ran 28-year-old Eric Allen Turner's license plate Sunday. According to the report, his insurance came back unconfirmed. The officer made a traffic stop in 400 block of First Street. Turner gave his name and date-of-birth to the officer, because he didn't have a driver's license. The officer stated that Turner's license had been suspended and that he had an active warrant out from the Texas Department of Pardon's and Parole.
According to the report, the warrant mentioned that Turner was a member of the "Bloods" gang and had violent tendencies. The officer called for backup and arrested Turner. While searching his car, he found a small bag that contained crack cocaine and 14 hydrocodone pills.
Turner was arrested and taken to the Brazos County Jail. He is facing charges of Possession of a Controlled Substance - Group 1, Possession of a Controlled Substance - Group 3 and Parole Violation. His bond is set at $12,000.
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If you have an ear infection will cefadroxil cure it?
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what are the possible nursing responsibility for using cefadroxil?
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Joplin, Mo. -- The Missouri Southern athletic department has announced changes within the coaching staffs of both women's basketball and football.
Jim Graffam, a former men's head coach has been added as a volunteer assistant coach on Maryann Mitts' women's basketball staff, while Chass Williams, a volunteer assistant on Daryl Daye's staff, has left to take a full-time position at Fort Scott Community College.
"We were very much looking forward to having Chass back as a volunteer assistant this upcoming year, but we are obviously thrilled that he's gotten the position at Fort Scott," Daye said. "He's a good worker and deserves this shot. He'll do a great job for the Greyhounds."
Graffam spent more than 30 years coaching college basketball in Maine, Vermont and New Hampshire and he also coached a season in the United States Basketball League. From 2008-2012, he headed the post-graduate program at Lee Academy in Maine. There he prepped players who were being recruited by the ACC, the Big 12, the Big East and the Pac 12 to name a few. During his career, Graffam amassed four conference championships, four national tournament appearances, and coached three All-Americans, as well as a National Player of the Week.
"Jim Graffam's legacy speaks for itself," Mitts said. "Joining our staff is a three-time Hall of Fame coach who has earned multiple coach of the year honors and celebrated many championships throughout his career in men's basketball. More impressive is his passion and energy for the game and his reputation of being an exceptional teacher of the game. Our program is going to benefit greatly with the addition of Jim as a volunteer assistant."
Graffam echoed coach Mitts' enthusiasm and respect.
"I was fortunate to meet Coach Mitts several years ago," Graffam said. "Through our many discussions, we both came to the realization that we shared similar coaching philosophies, a rare occurrence given that my experience is characterized as 'old school'. Given Coach Mitts' many years of success, I was honored to be asked to be a part of her staff. I look forward to the many competitive challenges that lie ahead."


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Coming in a range of colours, this Hummel authentic bag is ideal for youths and younger football teams. The size of this sports bag is L49cm x H24cm x w 26cm.


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Each day that we commute we pass through this man's home. He lives rent free at the southern most tip of the 95th Street subway station along the R line and he's been there for years.
Some days he has a friend with him, a 30-something white man who is a stumbling drunk. Other days we find him busy defecating and/or urinating on the tracks or in an unlocked storage room.
Most of the cleaning agents at the station seem to know him and we've even seen them go out of their way to get him to a safe place when he was about to get jumped by a younger homeless man.
If anything, this must be the gold coast of the New York City Subway.
11209, Amazing NYC Photos, Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, Gold Coast, Homeless, NYC, NYC Subway, Photography, Real Estate, Rent Free


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My deepest thanks to the 450 parents, alumni, community leaders and friends who attended our major fundraiser for the year the St. Mary's Ryken Spring Gala where we raised $100,000 for the St. Mary's Ryken Fund, which meets the most pressing needs of the school including those for tuition assistance.
At St. Mary's Ryken, we are inspiring lives of learning, faith and service and rely upon our family of friends to make this possible.
Thank you to those who wish to remain anonymous and to all of our sponsors. To J.F. Taylor Inc., our Double Diamond Sponsor, and to all of our Diamond Sponsors: Burch Oil Co.; CMI General Contractors; Community Bank of Tri-County; Old Line Bank; Paragon Properties; Sabre Systems; Technology Security Associates and Tennyson Wealth Management Group.
Thank you to our Platinum Sponsors: AMELEX; DCS Corporation; Hooper & Associates; the Knights of Columbus, St. Mary's Council No. 1470; and Taylor Gas Co.
Our Gold Sponsors: Bonifant Financial Group; Capital Area Orthopedic Associates; Carruth & Son; Coherent Technical Services; County First Bank; F.W. Thompson Co.; Guy & Guy Masonry; Howard W. Phillips & Co.; Kelly Generator & Equipment; Law Office of Rudolf A. Carrico Jr.; Mr. & Mrs. Brian Norris; Printing Press; Raley, Watts & O'Neill; Shah Associates and Travel Leaders/Action Travel Tours.
Our Silver Sponsors: Gary and Fran Bell; Bridgett, Mock & Associates; Chesapeake Security Service; Dirt Works Excavation & Crane; Flynn & O'Hara Uniforms; Franzen Realtors; Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Mock; Mona Electric Group; Mullen, Sondberg, Wimbish & Stone; Office Care and SAGE Dining Services.
Our Patron Sponsors: Baldwin & Briscoe; Cecil's Country Store; Classy Decor Flooring & Furniture; Dugan, McKissick & Longmore; Jesus the Good Shepherd Church; Dr. Lois McDonald SAT/ACT Prep; Mr. and Mrs. Jack McMorrow; Matthew and Amy Murphy; Precise Systems and Tom Hodges Tire, Service Center, Car Wash & Auto Sales.
Thank you to Lisa and Michael Kelley of Canards Catering and Events Production for transporting us from Southern Maryland to the Emerald Isle that evening.
And, most importantly of all, I would like to thank the parent and alumni volunteers — too numerous to mention here — who worked tirelessly behind the scenes to make the spring gala a beautiful "Celtic Knight."
If you missed this year's gala, please mark your calendars for next year Saturday, March 23, 2013.
Mary Joy Hurlburt, Leonardtown
The writer is president of St. Mary's Ryken.