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NEW Wooden Handmade and Blessed Voodoo Veve Altar Tiles
Papa Legba Veve Altar Tile $10.00
Baron Samedi Veve Altar Tile $10.00
Marie Laveau: Voodoo Queen of New Or'leans Veve Altar Tile $10.00
Ogun Veve Altar Tile $15.00
Maman Brigitte Veve Altar Tile $15.00
Shango/Chango Veve Altar Tile $15.00
Yemaya Veve Altar Tile $15.00
Ritual Supplies:
Four Thieves Vinegar: A potent vinegar to drive your enemies away. Smear the Vinegar Oil on the enemy's doorknob where it is sure to be touched. Also, when mixed one (1) part vinegar with three (3) parts water & then used to wash yourself down head-to-toe, it removes negative vibrations & has an astral cleansing effect. 4oz $3.95
Anna Riva's Voodoo Ritual Powder: To appease any spirits who may be trying to interfere with your objectives, mix a bit with whichever incense is being used and burn. 1/2 oz in clear plastic jar $3.50
Anna Riva's French Love Powder: 1/2oz (14g) Clear Plastic Jar (Unscented) Keep some in the drawer with undergarments, and use on the neck to entice, fascinate and bewitch a lover. $3.50
Anna Riva's Voodoo Incense Powder: Self-igniting; To bring distress to a foe, write the enemy's name on parchment paper and place beneath the burner. $4.50 IN STOCK
Anna Riva's Peace Water:Used to bring happiness and peace There will always be peace in the home which protects itself. Sprinkle Peace Water in the corners of every room, burn John the Conqueror Incense daily and scatter Jinx Removing Salt outside and across the entrances to the premises. Do this every seven days for continual protection. $3.95
Anna Riva's Damnation water: Used to send evil back or for revenge. It can be added to any crossing powders to strengthen their effects or sprinkle on the sidewalk in front of your enemies home. $3.95
Florida Water: Use Florida Water Cologne like Holy Water for cleansings, good luck and protection. As an astringent and skin lotion Murray & Lanman's Florida Water acts with pleasing effects. It contracts with the pores and tones-up the skin leaving it with a feeling of freshness and radiance.$8.95 IN STOCK
Rue Water: Sprinkling Rue Water around the house has been regarded from the earliest times as successful in warding off contagion and preventing the attacks of fleas and other noxious insects. Also used to cleanse and purify negativity from your home. Use for protection as well. 8 oz $5.95 IN STOCK
Graveyard Dirt: When placed on the property of your enemies this powder will cause bad luck and hexing. It is also used for controlling love spells and protection. 1 oz. $2.50 IN STOCK
Coffin Nails: Gain potency with your spells by using coffin nails. Also can be used in spells when you want an enemy to move away from you. Set of 3. $1.39 IN STOCK
Coffin Nails 9 pack $4.00 IN STOCK
Used Railroad Spike: Each railroad spike is discarded from where they had been put to use holding down railroad tracks and ties. With years of labor and toil all around them, they possess a potent energy that can be used as a focus for those spells and rituals seeking to inspire ambition or aid in providing the endurance to see your task through. More traditionally, they can also be used as an "iron nail" or other such object spoken of as a component in many spells and rituals. These can be nailed down at the four corners of your property for protection. Exact size and shape may vary. $3.50IN STOCK
Red Brick Dust : also known as Brick Dust, Red Dust, Red Powder or Reddening, derives from the ancient use of red ochre clay for sacred purposes. For protection sprinkle Red Brick Dust across the doorstep of your home. For money drawing mix Red Brick Dust with cinnamon powder and brown sugar into water and scrub your doorstep inward for quick and continuous cash. 1 oz. $2.99
Cascarilla Eggshell Powder: Used in Santeria spells, it is rubbed on the body for protection. Also used in cowrie shell divination. 1/2 oz. $0.95 IN STOCK
Witches Honey: Used to dress molded image and pullout candles. $5.95 each.
Green: Money
Pink: Love
Purple: Controlling
Black Salt: Used to keep away bad neighbors. Dress your crossing and revenge candles with Black Salt. 1 oz. or a pound. IN STOCK
Blue Salt: Used against bad luck and spells. Sprinkle around the outside of your home for protection against the evil eye and enemies. It can also be used to break up another couple. 1 oz. $4.50
Salt Peter: Used to remove jinxes. 4 oz or 1 lb. IN STOCK
Lucifer Incense Powder by Anna Riva: Destroy satanic forces wherever this is used. It works on evil quickly so use whenever there is a feeling of dark forces working against you.
Powder Incense, Full Strength. Self-lighting. No Charcoal required. 49g recloseable jar. $4.50
Cowrie Shells: Use shells in Santeria Divination Rituals. pack of 18 $4.95 IN STOCK
Anna Riva's Crossing Powder:Used on dolls or images for hexing, or sprinkle on an adversary`s path. $3.50
Swallow's Heart: Used as a powerful love attractor when carried in a purse, your pocket, or red flannel bag. Also makes others desire you. Anoint head with Love oil. $6.95
Black Cat Bone: Actually a magically treated root, black cat bone is used in spellwork for fast luck, success and better business affairs. Ideally you should carry your black cat bone in a green bag and anoint it daily with Money House Blessing oil or another oil tied to prosperity and wealth. $6.95
Black Destroyer Oil: Use in rituals to destroy curses, hatred, resentments, envy & any evil intention towards you or your home. Directions on the bottle. 4 oz. $7.95
Brazil Wood: (2 oz.) Put your piece of brazil wood in pure water and keep it in your refrigerator to drink whenever you are thirsty. Brazil wood is highly effective in reducing the amount of sugar in your blood and removing gallstones from your kidneys. $5.95
Cobra Black Snake Pellets: Use the power of the Cobra to protect your home and family. For use in rituals of Santeria, Voodoo, spiritual healing, cleansings & jinx removing. Light one end of these powerful ritual aids to release the power within! 12 Pellets included. $2.95
Snakeskin: Snakes are used in jinxing and crossing, and in making Goofer Dust. IN STOCK $3.50
Lucky Green Rice: To draw good luck & success to business. 1 oz. $3.95
Pillow Powder: Use to make your lover do as you wish. 1 oz. $2.95
Break Up Incense Powder: This powerful incense can be used both to help out somebody that you care about who is in a harmful relationship, or help you win the one you desire away from the one they are with. Intended to be used within your ritual crafts, this powerful powder incense is burned while you focus upon the relationship you wish to break up as the smoke wafts around you. This is a 2 oz packet of powder incense.$3.95
Road Opener Incense Powder: Intended to be used when you are seeking new opportunities or change in your live, this powder incense may be sprinkled on your charcoal burner to aid you in opening up new paths and new roads in your life. Whether you are seeking a change in love, luck, health or friends, it can help bring new opportunities or reveal those that you did not see when it is added to your ritual magic and spells. $3.95 IN STOCK
5 inch Handmade Voodoo Dolls: $7.95
Black: Handmade, 5" tall, cloth Voodoo Doll designed specifically for curses, hate spells, evil, jinxes and uncrossing. Comes with instruction card.Green: Handmade, 5" tall cloth Voodoo Doll specifically designed for luck, money and gambling. Comes with instruction card.
Pink: Handmade, 5" tall, cloth Voodoo Doll specifically designed for love, sex, romance and love rituals. Comes with instruction card
Red:Handmade, 5" tall, cloth Voodoo Doll specifically designed for success, attraction and happiness. Comes with instruction card.
Yellow:Handmade, 5" tall cloth Voodoo Doll specifically designed for ritual uses.Yellow to dispel evil and hexes, and friendship. Comes with instruction card.
White: Handmade, 5" tall, cloth Voodoo Doll designed specifically for peace, tranquility, good health and healing. Comes with instruction card.
High John Floor Sweep: For jinx removing, uncrossing, luck, money, love, clearing home of negativity, peace, etc. Sprinkle on floors at night. Brush out in the morning. Dust again at night & leave for one week. Repeat. More power to you. 4 oz. $3.95
Adam and Eve Wash: Use as ritual bath and/or floor wash to attract love. 8 fl. oz. $3.50
All Purpose Wash: Use as ritual bath and/or floor wash to help in all aspects of life, including helping hand, protection, luck and power. 8 fl. oz. $3.50
Dragon's Blood Wash:Use as ritual bath and/or floor wash to add personal strength, and protection from harm. 8 fl. oz. $3.50
Patchouli Wash:Use as ritual bath and/or floor wash to attract love. 8 fl. oz. $3.50
Anna Riva's Rose Water:To attract love & affection, & to draw positive & promising conditions into your life. Use as a wash, add to the bath, or apply to the body for a light, refreshing scent. Also works great as a hand lotion to heal chapped hands when added to equal parts pure glycerin, & applied at bedtime. Wake up with smoother, softer hands. Apply every night, especially in cold weather, to help keep hands smooth. 2 fl. oz. $3.95
Devil Pod: Use for offerings to Elegua/Eshu/Papa Legba. Can also be used for offering to dark Gods such as Lucifer in Luciferian Witchcraft or Baphomet. Carry when you are going to be around enemies for protection. $3.95 IN STOCK
Human Tooth: Use in hexing to cause your enemy to lose his teeth. $9.00 IN STOCK
Rattle Viper Sperm:This potent incense is intended for use in many spells and rituals, particularly those of Santeria and Voodoo traditions. It is said to be a potent addition to rituals involving the healing and cleansing of the spirit and is also known to be a powerful aid in spells that remove jinxes. $6.95 CHECK AVAILABILITY
Santeria Dance Rattle: Made of seed pods strung upon a hand-woven fabric band, this is an authentic rattle intended to be used during Santeria dance ritual. Also known as a Cacho, it hangs up to 11" on the colorful fabric band that can be slung over your wrist or even your ankle. The crackling, crisp sound made when it is shaken is perfect for your ritual. $8.50
ELEGUA HEAD 1 FACE 4 3/4'': Messenger of the Gods. Elegua Head stands behind doors and opens or closes the way to opportunity. Area opened in the bottom of the head to place herbs or other items used in your ritual. $16.95 Out of Stock
Elegua Head Statue: These heads represent Papa Legba/Eshu/Elegua in Voodoo and Santeria. Made of course clay with Cowrie shells baked into its surface to represent the facial features of Elegua, this 5" tall and 3 " wide figure is perfect for watching over your home. Place it by a doorway to open the way to opportunities and store magical herbs and ritual components within, to help you find those opportunities that you desire. $27.95 Out of Stock
Black Elegua Head Statue: These heads represent Papa Legba/Eshu/Elegua in Voodoo and Santeria. Made of course clay with Cowrie shells baked into its surface to represent the facial features of Elegua, this 5" tall and 3 " wide figure is perfect for watching over your home. Place it by a doorway to open the way to opportunities and store magical herbs and ritual components within, to help you find those opportunities that you desire. This statue has a face on both sides. $27.95 Out of Stock
Chango: The Orisa of Courage, Intelligence and Truth: Son of Yemaya, Chango is the Lord of lightning, thunder, rain and testicular fertility. He is smooth-talking, kingly, yet can be shrewd as a con-artist. He wins against the odds and is stimulated by challenge. The double-headed dance wand headdress (oshe Sango) and double-edged ax symbolize his constant preparedness, and he carries the phallic mortar, or odo, in his right hand. His animal representations are the black cat, quail and tortoise. This image originates from Bahia, Brazil. Black/gold colored Gypsumstone statue. 10" $59.00
Young Oshun: Love and sensuality are the domains of Oshun. Tall and brown-skinned, she is patroness of rivers and the bloodstream, always carrying her mirror. Powerful love spells are worked through this Lady. [oral tradition image] Hand painted resin statue.10 inch $47.00 OUT OF STOCK
Yemaya (black skin): Now with black skin. In Brasil, on new year's eve, people celebrate the Feast of Yemanja on the beach by digging trenches in the sand and filling them with candles to create sacred space full of peace and serenity. At midnight they launch flowers and offerings into the sea and immerse themselves in the purifying and protective foamy mantle of the waves. Here Yemanja, Goddess of the Ocean and Mother of Pearls, is shown standing on the waves offering her blessings for the families praying on the shore. She is the Orisha of procreation, gestation, and the family, and holds absolute reign over the hearth fire. Many in Brazil consider her to be the Mother of all Orishas. She is sometimes represented as a mermaid, a white seashell and the Virgin Mary. Mistress of the Line of Water Vibrations. [traditional Brazilian image] Hand painted resin statue 8: $42.00
Yemaya (light skin): In Brasil, on new year's eve, people celebrate the Feast of Yemanja on the beach by digging trenches in the sand and filling them with candles to create sacred space full of peace and serenity. At midnight they launch flowers and offerings into the sea and immerse themselves in the purifying and protective foamy mantle of the waves. Here Yemanja, Goddess of the Ocean and Mother of Pearls, is shown standing on the waves offering her blessings for the families praying on the shore. She is the Orisha of procreation, gestation, and the family, and holds absolute reign over the hearth fire. Many in Brazil consider her to be the Mother of all Orishas. She is sometimes represented as a mermaid, a white seashell and the Virgin Mary. Mistress of the Line of Water Vibrations. [traditional Brazilian image] Hand painted resin statue 8: $42.00
Santisma Muerte:The Most Holy Death, also known as Saint Death, is widely revered in South America-particularly Mexico-as a figure who receives petitions for protection, love, and good luck. Though condemned as a pagan tradition by the Catholic Church, she is still often revered as Saint who will receive offerings and prayers, with some seeing her as a form of the Virgin Mary. Here she is presented in a traditional fashion, depicted as the Grim Reaper with a skull face, concealed in a black mantle and robe. In one hand she holds the reaper`s scythe and in the other she holds a clear glass globe, representing her ability to see and aid in your pleas. Made of cold cast resin, this statue stands 13" high and 6 " wide. $50.95


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Jennifer Lopez Will Return To American Idol Next Season
Jennifer Lopez is having a great day. Her September 2011 Vanity Fair cover story was announced (and teased), and on top of that, a deal has allegedly been struck?though not yet signed?that will bring her back to an American Idol judge's chair…to the tune of just over $20 million, which is a touch more than the $12 million she made for last season's stint. [Popdust]
Two New Albums Forthcoming From The-Dream, One Of Which Won't Be By The-Dream
According to his Twitter, The-Dream plans to work on a new album (his fourth) for Def Jam, slated for a fourth-quarter release. He will also be releasing a 10-song album called 1977 under his given name Terius Nash on August 31. He claims, "BTW NO ONE AT DEFJAM IS HAPPY ABOUT A FREE ALBUM LOL…. they are trying to stop it!" So this may not play out as The-Dream has planned. [@mrteriusnash]
Read more…

subset: commoncrawl


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Q: Why don't chickens wear underwear?
A: Because their peckers are on their face.
A: Because their peckers are on their face.
- Q: Why are chickens so ugly? A: They have a pecker on their face
- Q: Why did the dinosaur cross the road? A: Chickens weren't invented yet.
- Q: Why does a dog lick its balls? A: Because he knows that in a minute he's going to lick your face.
- Q: Why do Easter Bunnies hide their eggs? A: They don't want anyone to know they've been fucking chickens.
- Q: Why do blacks keep chickens? A: So the kids can learn how to strut.
- The Complete Set Of Blonde Jokes
How do blonde braincells die ? A: Alone....
- Q: Why did Raggedy Ann get thrown out of the toy box?
A: Because she kept sitting on Pinocchio's face, and moaning, "Lie to me!...
- Why don't chickens have lips?
- Why don't Greeks need to wear life preservers? Because oil floats.


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Tonight on the Love And Hip Hop: Atlanta reunion, there was definitely tension in the air between the other threesome on the show, Erica, Lil Scrappy, and his "homie," Shay. All season long, Scrappy juggled the two women, but things came to a head at the reunion when Shay walked off the set after Scrappy expressed his loyalty to the mother of his child, Erica.
And then things took an even more shocking turn when he pulled a ring out of his pocket and handed it to Erica. We were so happy for the couple when we watched this play out, but we definitely know there are some Shay loyalists out there who weren't thrilled at all. So tell us, are you happy for the newly engaged couple, or did you have other hopes for them? Take our poll and let us know your thoughts in the comments.
[Photos: Rowena Husbands/BlinkOfAnEyePhotographyOnline.com]


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Latest Headlines
Kings Claim First Stanley Cup
Posted on 12 Jun 2012 by Eric Cooney.
Belief and disbelief. Two words Los Angeles Kings fans are now very familiar with. It's always easy to believe when things are going well. Yet, when the chips are down you learn who the real fans are. After a slow start, a coaching change, extended losing streaks, and goal droughts there wasn't a lot to believe in for Kings fans. A #8 seed only meant another early exit at the hands of...
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Kings Can Clinch…
Posted on 6 Jun 2012 by Eric Cooney.
While the Los Angeles Kings have the opportunity to clinch their first ever Stanley Cup Championship with a Game 4 victory, their fans will no doubt be clinching something else up until game time. Get your mind out of the gutter, I meant their fists. The mood and talk around the Kings has been near celebratory. Near. Not yet though. (more…)
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One win away…
Posted on 4 Jun 2012 by Eric Cooney.
Over four decades of disappointment and the Los Angeles Kings have come further than ever before. So many memories, great moments, and legends have taken place on Los Angeles ice up until now, but none of those can overshadow the run this team is on. This team is just a win away from lifting the game's ultimate prize. (more…)
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2011 and the Devils
Posted on 4 Jan 2011 by Mike Luciano.
First and foremost, I wish everyone a happy 2011! After ending the 2010 year with a modest 3-1 defeat over the Atlanta Thrashers, a year during which the Devils went 30-42-9, they stumbled hard into 2011, getting crushed by the Carolina Hurricanes 6-3. Going into tonight's game (1/4/2011) against the Minnesota Wild, there have been a number of intriguing events that transpired, which could have...
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NHL Live blog: Devils 3 vs Canadiens 0 F
Posted on 21 Oct 2010 by Chris G.
-The Canadiens have collected 7 out of the 10 possible points this season. -This is the Devils worst start since 1983 but Brodeur always steps it up against the Habs. 1.78 GAA and .931 save PCT in his career vs Montreal. P1 18:13- A great 1st shift for the Gionta-Gomez-Pyatt line. 2 shots on that shift P1 16:23- Not much of a hockey fight. We got to see a lot of the referees back on that one. ...
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The Myth of the Number 1 Goalie
Posted on 27 May 2010 by Corey Krakower.
I was reminded yesterday of a conversation I had with a friend of mine (Ben), where the end result was that I could not have been more wrong. Immediately following the trade deadline, I told Ben "with so many goalies available, the Flyers and Hawks will regret not having traded for one, come playoff time". Please go easy on me in the comments section. I bring that up because I should have k...
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The Weakest Link – assessing who Montreal can beat in the playoffs
Posted on 16 Mar 2010 by Corey Krakower.
With a 6-1 record since the Olympic break, Montreal is rolling at the right time. Their scorers are scoring, their grinders are grinding, their defensemen are defending and their goalie is stopping the puck. The concern most people have right now with the Habs is their powerplay but with Cammalleri and Bergeron returning in the next 7-10 days, which should provide an immediate spark. Perhaps it...
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TEAM CANAndrum – An Overview of Canada's 3 Preliminary Games
Posted on 22 Feb 2010 by Corey Krakower.
It wasn't supposed to be like this. This was supposed to be easy. Martin Brodeur is the greatest goalie of all time and has won a gold medal. Chris Pronger and Scott Niedermayer are first ballot hall of famers. Keith and Seabrook are the best D-pairing in the NHL and can stop anyone. Dan Boyle anchors the best PP in the Western Conference. The San Jose line is unstoppable. Sidney Crosby i...
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USA Defeats Canada 5-3
Posted on 21 Feb 2010 by Kevin Freiheit.
Just 41 seconds into the game, the U.S. jumped out to a quick 1-0 lead. Brian Rafalski took the shot that beat Martin Brodeur for the first goal of the game. The U.S. then got the first power play opportunity of the game when Ryan Getzlaf interfered with goaltender Miller. After killing off the penalty, the Canadians had their first try with the man advantage. Canada tied up the game with a goa...
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USA/Canada Live Blog
Posted on 21 Feb 2010 by Kevin Freiheit.
Hello everybody, I will be doing a live blog for tonight's game between USA and Canada. Be sure to check back during the game and let me know your thoughts. This is arguably the most anticipated matchup of the preliminary rounds. A three point win for the Americans would give them a first round bye into the quarterfinals. This game comes down to a lot more than just seeding. A win for...
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Team Canada – the final projected roster
Posted on 24 Dec 2009 by Corey Krakower.
With one week to go before Hockey Canada announces their Men's Olympic Ice Hockey Team; radios, newspapers and internet sites all feature discussions on who's going to make the team and who's going to get cut. On Monday, December 7, I posted a blog called "Solid Gold" , in which I tried to project what Team Canada will look like. 2 weeks later; I am ready to submit...
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Solid Gold – Team Canada's projected roster for the 2010 Olympics
Posted on 7 Dec 2009 by Corey Krakower.
The hockey team that will be expected to win gold at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver will be named on December 30, approximately three weeks from today. That team, of course, is Team Canada. After a dismal showing in 2006, Steve Yzerman is now the man entrusted by Hockey Canada to piece together a winner on home soil. Yzerman has already let it be known that he will be looking for "...


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Strung Out in San Antonio
Get connected to the beading community with news, interviews, projects, tips and more from mySA's Merrisa Brown.
Posts filtered on Tag
Southwest Gem & Mineral Society to hold show this weekend
The Southwest Gem & Mineral Society will hold its Fiesta of Gems show this weekend at the Live Oak Civic Center, 8101 Pat Booker Rd. in Live Oak. Hours are 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Saturday and 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sunday. [Read More]


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This story has been reproduced from today's media. It does not necessarily represent the position of Liverpool Football Club.
Marcos Rojo has revealed he won't make a decision on a move to Liverpool, Chelsea or Manchester United before the end of the month.
Rojo is enjoying a well-earned holiday after helping guide Argentina to the World Cup final.
The 24-year-old's impressive performances in Brazil caught the eye of suitors from around Europe with Liverpool, Chelsea and United all linked.
But the player insists that for the time being he remains a Sporting Lisbon player, and will not contemplate a move until he returns for pre-season training.
He told an Argentine radio station: "We still do not know what my future will be.
"For now I intend to return to Sporting on the 30th [of July], and then we'll see."It is a matter for the club and my representatives. I'm cool."
Earlier this month the player's agent Carlos Goncalves said: "The best players are usually involved in the World Cup.
"When someone shines on a stage like that it is natural to attract attention.
"Fortunately things are going well for him."
It is thought that a bid in the region of £12m would be enough to get Sporting to part with Rojo, who can play as both a centre-back and left-back.
Source: Daily Express
This story has been reproduced from today's media. It does not necessarily represent the position of Liverpool Football Club.
Tagged: Marcos Rojo , Rojo
Submit your views in the box below. Alternatively, you can debate these issues with fellow fans on our Message Boards or blog about them on The Kop
The views expressed here are not those of Liverpool Football Club (read more)


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City tax is not included More Info »
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'Il Glicine Fiorito' (The blossomed Wisteria) is a large and comfortable house: it has always been the meeting place... More Info »
To find a marriage between art, culture & beach means to choose a holiday on the Lido of Venice: a small island in... More Info »
Video guides, travel podcasts, city maps & free city guides. What to eat, where to stay and things to do and see - our travel guides have it all.Find a guide »
There's nothing like having your own transport to get around and when travelling the world it's no different.Read more »
We offer the most comprehensive selection of hostels on the internet with over 35,000 great places to stay in 180 countries. The ultimate online resource for hostels everywhere.Find great value hostels »


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Don't get me wrong, we love a good pair of boots and pink John Deere tractors, but a great Monogram will steal our heart every time.
So here are the deets on monograms..... well, this Southern gals interpretation. A monogram tells a story of who you are. Typically it is your initials of some variation of the first, middle and last name. It can be single letter, 2 or 3 letters. I use single letter in most of my monograms which may not be considered "proper" monogram etiquette. Ask me if I am proper?
Today I am sharing a few ideas that are easy to incorporate into your home... Whether you are Southern or not, or proper.
Monogram on a mirror or glass. I used my silhouette machine to create the 'J' and attached to a mirror.
Add a monogram to your outdoor chairs. Details here.
I have used this scroll 'J' letter at my front door entrance many times. One coat of spray paint changes it up to coordinate with the season.
Add a monogram to your pillows here.
Add a monogram to a canvas tote bag. I made these a couple of years ago for teacher gifts.
Add it to a wrap.....that way the flowers won't forget who you are!
Now grab some sweet tea and head on over and visit these other southern gals for more monograms ideas.


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See You Next Wednesday, John Landis
So an astronaut's father in 2001: A Space Odyssey says, "See You Next Wednesday" over a video call and it effects John Landis so deeply that he includes it in a ton of his movies? That's the story. He even wrote a script with that title, and it's something that needs to be made immediately.
From his first movie, Schlock, to An American Werewolf in London (where it's a non-stop orgy of a porno) to The Blues Brothers to The Kentucky Fried Movie (where SYNW is a soap opera in "feel-around") to Trading Places (where Jamie Lee Curtis gets a little pornographic in front its poster) to the Michael Jackson "Thriller" video…he used it a ton. It should also be noted that Landis therefore also included a ton of movie posters in his movies in general. Dude is a huge movie fan. Time to watch his entire catalog and see if you can spot all the SYNW references.
For more 2001 fun, see if you can spot it in A Clockwork Orange.
The Skinny Kid in Rushmore
Leave it to Wes Anderson to create an Easter Egg within a single movie. The skinny kid is all over the place – most prominently in the dream-like Diving Scene. Spend the movie watching out for him, and see if you can explain the physics that allows for him to be in two places at once during the Cotillion.
E.T.s Phone Home in Star Wars
George Lucas and Steven Spielberg work together all the time, and both are fans of cross-over moments in movies. It's no surprise when C-3PO and R2-D2 wind up in an Indiana Jones movie or when Elliot plays with Star Wars toys in E.T. Somehow, those worlds collide again in Star Wars: Episode 1 – The Phantom Menace when politicians from the E.T. home planet show up in the galactic senate.
What does that mean? That their people have been around a long, long time. Not pictured: the giant pile of Reese's Pieces. Because they hadn't been invented yet.
Shopping at Lone Pine Mall
Yes, this list is getting a little Spielberg-heavy. But that can't be all that surprising. He's a big fan of including subtle stuff in his movies that take a keen mind to catch. For instance – in the first parking lot sequence in Back to the Future, Marty catches up with Doc Brown at Twin Pines Mall. When he heads back to 1955, he lands at Twin Pines Ranch and runs over one of the Peabody's pines in the process of trying not to get shot to death. Back in the present/future, the mall changes names.
For an even deeper Easter Egg, Old Man Peabody calls his son Sherman – a reference to the time traveling dog and boy from Rocky and Bullwinkle (which is being developed as a new feature film, by the way).
Your Neighbor In Toy Story 3 or Pixar is the King of All Easter Eggs
There are technically Easter Eggs all over the place in Toy Story movies – just from the toys alone – but it was nice to see Pixar pay homage to the masters of Japanese animation by including the Studio Ghibli character Totoro in the third film. From the Pizza Planet truck to A113 showing up, it would be difficult to list all the Pixar Easter Eggs (which is why it's nice that /film works hard at it).
Bonus Easter Eggs: Danny Glover being too old for this shit in Maverick and the complete works of J.J. Abrams. Happy Hunting!
What are your favorites? What else should we be trying to find?
Editor's Note: This list was compiled with help and advice from Nathan Adams, Kate Erbland, Kevin Carr and Adam Charles.


text:
Gear Question
what pants should i get that would look...
what pants should i get that would look good with these
Wooden Robots
What ever you style is, black is always good, but you could get a Red pair as well. Ask your girl, she'll know.
Sebastian Hansen
Depends on the color of the jacket and your personal style. I'd go for a baggy look with Forsquare stuff. I use mine with a Special Blend Annex pant and they snap together with ease.
Stick to a color pallet of similar colors and you'll do just great. Wood colors, earth colors or frost colors and so on. For instance I think the "Tan A Poppin" variant currently available would be awesome with a dark mustard yellow pant due to the yellow stripes. If you want to go safe buy white or black pants, they work with everything.
For more inspiration you could check out colorlovers.com, they inspire me a lot: http://www.colourlovers.com/palettes/top
View More Details on Foursquare Wright Jacket - Men's


text:
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Patriots Red Zone
Brady: 'Poor Execution' Has Led To Red Zone Struggles
Tom Brady addressed the Patriots' struggles in the red zone this season, saying he and the offense has to do better job executing.
Tweet Throwdown: What Hurt The Pats More On Sunday? Red Zone Offense or Secondary?
What hurt the Patriots more in their loss to the Seahawks: Their Red Zone offense or secondary? Vote now in this week's Tweet Throwdown!
Carter on Sports Final: Third Down Inefficiency 'Something We Have To Rectify'
Patriots defensive end Andre Carter joined Levan Reid on WBZ-TV's Sports Final Sunday night to talk about the defensive ups and downs.


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The Book ThiefPaperback Black Swan
List price $12.47
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Dispatched in 3 business days
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Additional formats available
- Format
- Hardback $17.08
- CD-Audio $16.48
- Publisher: Black Swan
- Format: Paperback | 560 pages
- Dimensions: 128mm x 196mm x 40mm | 360g
- Publication date: 1 January 2008
- Publication City/Country: London
- Sales rank: 11
Product description
HERE IS A SMALL FACT - YOU ARE GOING TO DIE. 1939. Nazi Germany. The country is holding its breath. Death has never been busier. Liesel, a nine-year-old girl, is living with a foster family on Himmel Street. Her parents have been taken away to a concentration camp. Liesel steals books. This is her story and the story of the inhabitants of her street when the bombs begin to fall. SOME IMPORTANT INFORMATION - THIS NOVEL IS NARRATED BY DEATH. It's a small story, about: a girl, an accordionist, some fanatical Germans, a Jewish fist fighter, and quite a lot of thievery. ANOTHER THING YOU SHOULD KNOW - DEATH WILL VISIT THE BOOK THIEF THREE TIMES
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Markus Zusak, a prize-winning author, lives in Sydney with his wife and daughter. The Doubleday hardback of The Book Thief , published at the beginning of January 07, stayed in the top ten of the Sunday Times bestsellers for nine weeks. It was published to critical acclaim in Australia and in America where it reached No. 1 on the The New York Times bestsellers list. Film rights have been optioned by the makers of The Devil Wears Prada. Find out more by visiting the website - thebookthief.com
Customer reviews
By JE Yuk Lin Cheryl 12 Dec 2012
Once you have started reading this book, you would not easily stop.
By Rosita Tupu 01 Dec 2012
I love this book so very much. It is so moving and the author has just embarked you on an unforgettable journey with Liesel. You will come to absolutely adore this book so much that you will not forget any names, any events which occur and most of all, any German foul language you will encounter.
I will recommend it to anyone and everyone. It is, as the title proclaims, one of my most favourite books of all time!
By Alicia 28 Nov 2012
This is book is so cleverly written and I found it a moving book that touched me. The character death was amazingly written into the book and I believe this is a must have book in any avid readers shelves
By Lee Yiyu 29 Sep 2012
A must read!
By Sonya Matheson 20 Jul 2012
I finally got around to reading this book which so many people have talked to me about. A most interesting book; written from the perspective of 'Death' who is quite an amiable and likeable character. Even though 'Death' pre-empts his (I perceive it as a male) own story of 'The Book Thief', it does not ruin the emotion of the story or the events that lead to each outcome. The young girl's tragic circumstances are seen through her positivity and living in the 'now'. The book is interspersed with hand drawn images and text that make the writing of the Jewish man in hiding seem more real. 'Death' viewing of things as colours makes this a very sensual novel. It totally agree with the review by 'Kirkus Reviews' printed on the back cover. "Elegant, philosophical and moving. A work to read slowly and savour. Beautiful and important." This is written so beautifully and descriptive that some of the paragraphs are worth reading twice or thrice.
Review quote
"Extraordinary, resonant and relevant, beautiful and angry." -- Lisa Hilton Sunday Telegraph "...a beautifully balanced piece of storytelling...Unsettling, thought-provoking, life affirming, triumphant and tragic, this is a novel of breathtaking scope, masterfully told. It is an important piece of work, but also a wonderful page-turner." Guardian "A moving work which will make many eyes brim." -- Marianne Brace Independent on Sunday "This is a weighty novel worthy of universal acclaim. A sense of dread prevades this beautifully written novel. As The Book Thief draws to a close, Death says: "There's a multitude of stories that i allow to distract me as I work." The story of the Book Thief, who tried to change the world in her own small way, proves one formidable and inspiring distraction." -- Lianne Kolirin The Daily Express "Brilliant and hugely ambitious ... the kind of book that could be life-changing" New York Times Book Review


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External References


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We've all heard about the links between mathematics and secret codes. These connections have been there from the Caesar cipher up to the RSA public encryption scheme. For those of us who wish to learn more about cryptography and/or to teach it, Johannes Buchmann has written this book. In a little over 300 pages, he conveys the mathematics needed to understand cryptography along with the methods one uses to attack a cryptographic system.
The sixteen chapters are short, composed of sections that are a few pages each. However, the writing is not terse and there are plenty of examples for most every topic. The book is mathematically complete and a satisfying read. There are plenty of homework exercises at the end of each chapter with some of the answers in the back.
This is a good book for upperclassmen, graduate students, and faculty. While all the necessary background is included, this book requires a lot of mathematical maturity. For example, induction is covered in one paragraph on page 2 with no examples and no homework problems. Of course, if this is not enough induction, more examples can be found elsewhere. As long as we're on the subject of other sources, there is a very nice list of books and web sites for reference (73, to be precise). This book makes a superior reference and a fine textbook.
Robert W. Vallin (email@example.com) is Associate Professor of Mathematics at Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania.


text:
A network-attached disk (NAD) system is disclosed that includes an NAD device for receiving a disk access command from a host through a network, and a device driver at the host for controlling the NAD device through the network, where the device driver creates a virtual host bus adapter so that the host recognizes the NAD device as if it is a local device to the host. The host may run the UNIX or Windows family of operating systems. The NAD device includes a disk for storing data, a disk controller for controlling the disk, and a network adapter for receiving a disk access command from the host through a network port.
1. A network-attached device (NAD) access system wherein a host, having an internal host system bus and running an operating system, controls an external device through a carrying general-purpose network traffic using a certain network protocol, the system comprising:
a network interface card (NIC) installed at the host for providing a general purpose network connection between the host and the network and via the network to other devices coupled to the network;
a network-attached device (NAD) having a data storage to store data, the NAD coupled to the network for receiving device level access commands from the host in data link frames according to the certain network protocol through the network; and
a device driver, running at the host, for creating a virtual host bus adapter in software controlling the NAD through the network via the NIC, the device driver enumerating NAD that are available over the network, not directly attached to the host internal system bus, to make the host recognize the NAD as a host local device;
the virtual host bus adapter controlling the NAD in a way indistinguishable from the way as a physical host bus adapter device controls device so that the host recognizes the NAD as if it is a local device connected directly to the system bus of the host.
2. The NAD system of
3. The NAD system of
4. The NAD system of
5. The NAD system of
6. The NAD system of
7. The NAD system of
8. The NAD system of
9. The NAD system of
10. The NAD system of
11. The NAD system of
12. The NAD system of
13. The NAD system of
14. The NAD system of
15. The NAD system of
16. The NAD system of
a disk controller for controlling the disk; and
a network adapter for receiving the disk access command through the network.
17. The NAD system of
18. The NAD system of
19. The NAD system of
20. The NAD system of
21. The NAD system of
22. The NAD system of
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/974,082, filed on Oct. 9, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,792,923, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/240,344, filed Oct. 13, 2000, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Technical Field
This invention in general relates to computer systems. More specifically, this invention relates to a disk system or interface that can be directly attached to a network.
2. Description of the Related Art
As the Internet becomes popular, the amount of data that needs to be stored has drastically increased. Especially, there is a high demand for a high-capacity disk drive to store multimedia data. For example, a demand for a disk system having a disk capacity of terabytes per server is not unusual.
A tape drive or a CD drive may be used to store such amount of data, but its performance and user convenience are not matched to those of a hard disk drive. However, increasing the capacity of a hard disk in a conventional server system presents some problems.
There are NAS (Network Attached Storage) products that can be connected to a network, usually Ethernet, to provide a pre-configured disk capacity along with integrated system/storage management using the NFS (Network File System) protocol, the CIFS (Common Internet File System) protocol, or both on top of the IP protocol used on the Internet. The primary purpose of these protocols is to exchange files between independently operating computers. Therefore, the client using the NAS for file access experiences the difference between its local storage and the storage in the NAS systems.
The NAS is basically a stripped-down version of a file server having mainly the functions of storing and retrieving files. Accordingly, increasing a disk capacity using a NAS product amounts to adding a separate file server in practice, which presents many shortcomings. Since an NAS disk is not seen as a local disk to the client, the installation, movement, and administration of an NAS disk should be done only through the operating system and software offered as part of the NAS system. An NAS disk is installed in the inside bus of the NAS system, leading to a limitation to the number of disks that can be installed. Since the NAS system has a hard disk under its own operating system, the client cannot use an arbitrary file system to access the hard disk. Further, the NAS system requires an IP address. Overall, not only the installation and administration costs per disk are more expensive than those of a local disk, but also user convenience is severely restricted.
There is SAN (Storage Area Network) that uses the Fibre Channel technology. To use the devices connected to a SAN, a special-type of switch is needed. For example, Fiber Channel uses a Fibre Channel hub or a Fibre Channel switch. The SAN has some shortcomings. Typically, a separate file server is used. In general, the SAN equipment is expensive, and so is the administration cost of the SAN system because, for example, it often requires an administrator with a specialized knowledge on the system.
Therefore, there is a need for an interface that allows a disk system to be directly attached to a network, while still being accessed like a local disk without the need of adding an additional file server or special equipment.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a disk system that can be directly attached to a network connecting to a host without going through a network file system.
Another object is to provide a disk system that can be recognized and used as a local disk to a host without requiring additional facility such as an additional file server, a special switch, or even an IP address, if appropriate.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a disk system that can be conveniently connected to a server without much intervention of network/server administration.
Yet another object is to provide a low-cost disk system, many of which can be plugged into existing network ports to readily satisfy a disk capacity demand.
Further object is to provide an interface that allows a device attachable to a bus to be plugged into a network port.
The foregoing and other objects are accomplished by providing a network-attached disk (NAD) system that includes an NAD device for receiving a disk access command from a host through a network, a device driver at the host for controlling the NAD device through the network, where the device driver recognizes the NAD device as a local device. The host may run the UNIX or Windows family of operating systems. The NAD device includes a disk for storing data, a disk controller for controlling the disk, and a network adapter for receiving a disk access command from the host through a network port.
The file system 101 also contains a network-attached disk (NAD) device driver 105 of the present invention that controls an NAD device 108 connected through a network adapter device driver 106 and a network 107 such as Ethernet. The NAD device 108 of the present invention contains one or more disks 109. The network 107 is an existing general-purpose network for carrying storage traffic as well as other application traffic. This so called "front-end" network for carrying general-purpose network traffic is distinguished from a "back-end" network dedicated to storage such as that used in the conventional Storage Area Network (SAN) scheme.
The present invention features two main components: one is the NAD device driver 105 at the host and the other is the NAD device 108 attached to the network.
Each disk appears to the host as if it is a local disk to connected to the system bus of the host so that each disk can be dynamically installed or removed. The present invention achieves this by creating a virtual host bus adapter in purely software means that recognizes an NAD device as if it is connected to the system bus although there is no physical host bus adapter connected the NAD. This is distinguished from the conventional Network Area Storage (NAS) scheme where a NAS device connected through the MC is still recognized as an independent file server connected to a network.
The Open Systems Interface (OSI) model defines 7 layers of protocols: a physical layer for electrical interface definitions, a data link layer for communication using data frames, a network layer for routing packets from one end to another, a transport layer for dividing messages into packets, a session layer for establishing communication session, a presentation layer for data presentation format, and an application layer for application programs. The present invention uses a data link layer protocol to contain storage commands into data link frames. Because the NAD device is not acting as an independent devices to the host, there is no need to use a network address such as IP address.
Since the specific configuration of the hosts and the disk systems can be dynamically changed, user convenience and portability is preserved as in the case of using a local disk. There is virtually no restriction to the number of disk systems that can be attached to the network, thus providing an unlimited disk storage capacity for a host.
The disks contained in an NAD may be treated as separate disks so that each of them can be independently accessed by a host.
Block Device Driver
An embodiment of the NAD system will be explained with an example running the UNIX family of operating systems although other operating systems such as Windows may also be used.
Each block device for block data storage, such as a disk device, is assigned a major device number to distinguish among different kinds of block devices, and a minor device number to distinguish among same kinds of block devices. In UNIX, each device is accessed through a device file, which provides an interface for accessing the real device. Device files are usually generated in advance, each with a major device number and a minor device number as well as information on a block device driver.
The purpose of the device driver is to handle the requests made by the kernel with respect to a device. The device driver isolates device-specific codes to provide a consistent interface for the kernel. In order to activate the operation of a device driver, a device file and device driver routines must be prepared, after which the functions of the driver routines must be registered so that the operating system such as UNIX can understand their availability. This is usually done by passing the major number assigned to the device and the functions of the driver routines as parameters.
Registration and Unregistration of Block Device Driver
Once a block device driver is registered by passing the device's major device number and the driver functions as parameters, it may be unregistered by passing the major number.
Table 1 lists the functions used to either register or deregister a device driver.
Table 2 lists the general functions used by the local driver and the NDA driver.
Table 3 lists examples of the driver functions specific to the IDE local disk driver and the NAD driver.
Use of Block Device
Once a block device driver is registered and its device file is generated, read/write is done to the device file to access the real device. The device file, however, is not directly called by the user, rather called after being mounted to the file system. Before being mounted, each block device file must be formatted according to a particular file system. Since the NAD device driver of the present invention is prepared in the same way as a conventional local disk driver, the set of I/O commands used to format a conventional local disk can also be used to format a disk in the NAD device. In addition, since NAD devices are controlled in the device driver level, they can be formatted in a required format independent of the file system used.
Structure of Block Device Driver
Each block device driver has an I/O request queue to store the I/O requests to the device. The stored requests may be re-scheduled for the purpose of improving the performance. Besides the I/O request queue, each block device driver needs a request function to process the I/O requests in the queue.
Constitution of Local Disk System and NAD System
Since an NAD device is to be used like a local disk, the conventional local disk system and an NAD system of the present invention share a basic structure. The difference is that since an NAD system must communicate with an NAD device through a network, a protocol stack is added for network communication. The NAD driver delivers an I/O command to an NAD device through a network adapter and receives a response from the NAD device.
When an NAD device is accessed, either DMA (Direct Memory Access) or PIO (Programmed Input/Output) may be used. A conventional disk device driver operates in a DMA mode by issuing a DMA I/O command to a local disk with a starting buffer address and a byte transfer count. The local disk then takes over the data transfer, after which it interrupts the CPU. Similarly, the NAD device driver may be implemented to operate in a DMA mode by having the NAD device driver deliver an I/O command to an NAD device, which then completes the data transfer, after which it interrupts the CPU.
The conventional disk driver operates in a PIO mode by the CPU transferring data directly through data registers of the disk device until a particular data block is processed. Similarly, the NAD driver may be implemented to operate in a PIO mode by having the NAD device driver deliver a command to an NAD device and continue to transmit/receive data until a particular block of data is processed.
The network protocol that can be used in the present invention is not restricted to a particular protocol. It can be any connection-oriented protocol including TCP/IP. A connection-oriented protocol ensures that packets are not lost and packets are received in the order they are transmitted. If TCP/IP is used, an IP address must be used for each NAD device.
Local Disk Driver and Generation of NAD Driver
Once UNIX starts, if hardware scan detects any conventional local disks, their corresponding drivers are generated according to the units of the local disks or according to the units of disk partitions. In a similar fashion, NAD devices are identified during initial hardware scan and their corresponding drivers acting as a virtual host bus adapter must be generated. The drivers may be generated automatically by using a device searching thread that periodically identifies NAD devices attached to the network or manually by a system administrator using an NAD management program.
Network Connection Between NAD Device Driver and NAD Device
In a conventional local disk, disk I/O is performed by reading/writing to I/O ports of the disk controller attached to the internal system bus. But the NAD device driver performs I/O to the corresponding NAD device through a network link. Instead of read/write to an I/O port, I/O is performed by read/write to a network connection such as a socket in UNIX. Therefore, a network connection such as a UNIX socket must be set up between the NAD device driver and NAD device.
Implementation of NAD Driver
Referring to
Communication Protocol Between Host and NAD Device
When a host NAD device driver accesses an NAD device for I/O, the position of the first block and the number of blocks are given as parameters of the I/O command. Or, in the case of SCSI, the I/O command may be in the form of a CDB (Command Descriptor Block).
To transfer the CDB or the block transfer information, a reliable communication protocol is necessary. The present invention is not limited to a particular kind of communication protocol as long as a connection-oriented protocol is used including TCP/IP. A connection-oriented protocol means that packets can be retransmitted in the case packets are lost, and received packets are arranged at the receiver end in the order they were sent.
NAD Device
The disk controller 403 is a module that performs disk I/O operations by controlling the disks 405 and 406 over internal disk channels. The disk controller 403 is further comprised of one or more disk channels 407 and 408 controlled by a channel controller 409, a buffer manager 410, some registers 411, and a bus interface 412. The buffer manager 410 consults the registers 411 to obtain a disk sector number and a channel to execute a disk access command. The buffer manager 410 also commands the channel controller 409 to transfer data from the memory to disk channel 407 or 408 or vice versa as a result of executing a disk access command. The channel controller 409 actually accesses the disk over the disk channel 407, 408 to transfer data from the disk to the memory or vice versa.
The LAN adapter 404 is a module that receives disk I/O command packets from the host and transmits replay packets over the network. The LAN adapter 404 is further comprised of a physical network interface 413 for interfacing with the network, a MAC (media access control) controller 414, transmit buffer 415 for storing transmit data, a receive buffer 416 for storing receiving data 416, registers 417, and a bus interface 418.
The bus interface 418 transfers data from the bus to the transmit buffer 415, the receive buffer 416, and the registers 417, or vice versa. The MAC controller 414 transfers data to the physical network interface 413 so that the physical network interface can transmit the data to the host computer. When the physical network interface 413 receives a disk I/O request packet from the host computer, it transfers the packet to the MAC controller 414 so that the MAC controller can extract necessary data from the packet and transfer the data to the receive buffer 416.
The NAD controller 401 mainly executes I/O commands from the host's NAD device driver, but it can perform other additional functions. For example, a filter program can be installed to NAD so as to provide features that are not offered in the host, for example, a back up operation. Other examples include access control, access share, access right transfer, etc. Specifically, a filter program can be installed to limit access to an NAD device to a certain time period, to allow several hosts simultaneously access an single NAD, or to transfer one host's access rights to another host. The NAD device driver at the host can request to execute the filter program at the time of I/O command execution through the ioctl( ) function in UNIX.
Network Adapter Driver and Disk Controller Driver
The network adapter and the disk control driver can be implemented at least in two ways. One uses an interrupt mechanism through DMA (Direct Memory Access) and the other uses polling through PIO (Programmable I/O). The former has the advantage of easy programming so that other jobs can be executed without a complete disposition of disk controller data. The latter has the advantage of dispensing with time delay due to interrupts, but has the disadvantage of an inefficient processor usage due to the time spent for continuous read and write.
Additional Embodiments of NAD Drivers
Usually, an NAD device driver is generated for each disk unit attached. However, just as a local disk may be partitioned, the disk inside an NAD device may also be partitioned into several disk partitions where each disk partition can be accessed by a separate device driver. Alternatively, several disks located in the physically separate NAD devices may be combined for use as a logically single disk.
NAD System Running Under Windows Operating System
The foregoing system and method explained using examples running under the UNIX family of operating systems can equally be applied to implement an NAD system running under the Windows™ family of operating systems so that it can be recognized as a local disk. For example, an NAD device may treated as a local disk per se by a Windows 2000™ host so that all disk operations exercised by the host control a local disk, including formatting and partitioning, can be done to the NAD device.
This feature differentiates the present invention from other solutions, such as those provided by the NAS technology, which expand disk space through the intervention of a file system instead of directly adding individual disks at the device level of the host system. At the same time, since the NAD device is to be accessed through the network, the present invention redirects the disk I/O request to the network interface otherwise would be directed to the disk controller connected to the inside system bus in the case of using conventional local disks.
In other words, the present invention creates a virtual host bus adapter in purely software means by modifying a driver at the host so that the host recognizes the NAD device as if it is connected to the system bus through a physical host adapter although actually there is no physical host adapter connected to the bus. Since an NAD device is accessed as if it is a local device connected to the internal bus of a host, there is no need to use network addresses such as IP addresses for the host to communicate with the NAD device. Instead, data link frames containing storage commands are exchanged between the host and the NAD device.
In the Windows 2000 operating system, the generic term, 'bus', refers to a piece of hardware to which devices connect electronically. Not only does it include things like the PCI bus, but it also includes anything that can have multiple devices plugged into it such as a SCSI adapter, a parallel port, a serial port, a USB hub, and so on. One responsibility of the bus driver is to enumerate devices attached to the bus and to create physical device objects for each of them as necessary in Windows 2000. Therefore, the bus driver is a collection of software routines that contain the information about the specific bus and the functions that allocate system resources such as port addresses and IRQ numbers to the devices connected to the bus. It is the port driver that contains routines required to perform most of the actual disk I/O operations.
The major feature of the present invention is to replace the conventional bus driver and the port driver with a new bus driver and a new port driver so that the NAD devices can be recognized as the same as the local disks and the disk I/O operations can be performed to the NAD devices through the network port of the Windows 2000 host.
Given the NAD bus driver and the NAD port driver, a Windows 2000 system creates device stacks as specified in Windows 2000 in order to be able to process I/O requests. Each device in Windows 2000 is expressed in terms of device objects organized in a stack structure. Device objects are data structures that the Windows 2000 system creates to help software manage hardware. Many of these data structures can exist for a single piece of physical hardware. The lowest-level device object in a stack is called a physical device object (PDO). Above a PDO in a device object stack is an object called a functional device object (FDO). There may be a collection of filter device objects below and above the FDO. The Plug and Play (PnP) Manager component of Windows 2000 constructs the stack of device objects at the command of device drivers. The various drivers that occupy the stack for a single piece of hardware perform different roles. The function driver manages the device, and the bus driver manages the connection between the device and the computer.
Having created the PCI bus PDO 641, the PnP Manager then loads functional drivers for the PCI bus, thus creating a PCI bus FDO 642. The functional driver of the PCI bus can then enumerate its own hardware devices attached to the PCI bus, where the example system in
Shown on the right half of
A set of NAD Port PDOs 653 and 654 for each of individual network interface cards (NICs) of the Windows 2000 host are then created recursively since one NAD port is implemented to correspond to one NIC of the host in the present invention. On top of each NAD port PDO such as 653 or 654, each NAD port FDO such as 655 or 656 is created by loading a NAD port driver. It is the NAD port driver that performs the actual NAD disk I/O operations. The NAD port driver should handle the NAD device I/O requests by redirecting the I/O requests and obtaining the I/O replies to and from the corresponding NAD devices through the specific NIC. The NAD port FDO such as 655 or 656 then creates individual NAD device PDOs such as 657, 658, 659 or 660 on top of the specific NAD port for individual NAD devices that can be accessed through the specific NAD port bound to a specific NIC.
Note here that the only NAD bus driver and NAD port driver are to replace the conventional bus driver and SCSI port driver respectively in order to substitute the NAD devices for the conventional local disks. Disk class driver and other higher level drivers of Windows 2000 should remain intact without a single change in order for the Windows 2000 system to recognize the NAD device as same as a local disk.
In Windows 2000, each request for an operation affecting a device uses an I/O request packet (IRP). IRPs are normally sent to the topmost driver of a stack for the device and can percolate down the stack to the other drivers. At each level, the driver decides what to do with the IRP. Sometimes, the driver does nothing except passing the IRP down. The driver may completely handles the IRP without passing it down or process the IRP and pass it down. In the case of disk I/O, for example as shown in
It is the disk class driver where a SCSI Request Block (SRB) is created to be included in the IRP as necessary. An SRB is a data structure specified in the Windows 2000 for SCSI device I/O. If the IRP is for the conventional local disk, the disk class driver passes the new IRP down to a SCSI port driver that completes actual disk I/O operation. If the IRP is for the NAD device connected to the network, the disk class driver passes the IRP down to NAD port driver that completes NAD device I/O through the network interface.
Without regard to the particular device type of the disk, local or NAD device, it is the feature of the Windows 2000 device stack as shown in
The present invention replaces the conventional disk bus driver and port driver with the new NAD bus and port drivers as shown in
All of the Windows 2000 device drivers have functions to create and remove the FDO for each device and dispatch functions to handle IRP passed down from the above driver layer. The major and minor function numbers in the IRP specify which of the dispatch functions will be invoked.
The following is an explanation of the actual software modules implemented in the NAD bus driver and port driver of the present invention in order to implement the NAD system for Windows 2000.
NAD Bus Driver
The NAD bus driver is a set of software modules that implement a virtual host bus adapter to which NAD ports are to be attached, where the individual NICs of a host are realized as NAD ports. The functions of the NAD bus driver are basically the same as those of a conventional PCI bus driver in Windows 2000. The NAD bus driver performs the functions of finding out the number of the NICs installed in the host computer and enumerating those NICs to create an NAD port PDO for each of the existing NICs. It also performs the functions of creating, starting, stopping, and removing an NAD port. In the NAD system, an individual NIC is regarded as an independent NAD port so that NAD disk ports for NAD devices are created according to the number of independently operating network units. See the example configuration shown
The difference between the NAD bus driver and a conventional PCI bus driver is that the NAD bus driver is for NAD devices that are physically separated from the system bus of the host but are connected through network ports. Unlike a conventional Windows 2000 system that detects plug-in of a device to or removal of a device from the hardware bus through a hardware interrupt, the NAD bus driver is implemented by creating a kernel thread to install and remove an NAD port on the NAD bus. The kernel thread created by the NAD bus driver starts to work when an IRP with IRP_MJ_PNP as its major function number and IRP_MN_START_DEVICE as its minor function number is sent to the NAD bus FDO from the PnP Manager. The thread terminates when the NAD bus FDO is removed. The thread periodically detects existence of NICs. If a new NIC is detected, the thread creates a new NAD port PDO for the NIC and includes the newly created NAD port PDO into its own list of NAD port PDOs. The thread then invokes the PnP Manager to have the NAD port PDO recognized by the system. Removal of an MC is also detected by the thread since the thread can detect the absence of the MC of which NAD port PDO previously created would be found in the above mentioned list without the corresponding MC. If an NIC is found to have been removed from the host, the thread removes the corresponding NAD port PDO from its list and invokes the PnP Manager to remove the NAD port from the Windows 2000 system.
The software routines implemented in the NAD bus driver can be classified into five categories. The following tables list some of the routines implemented in the NAD bus driver with brief explanations.
A port driver is a lower-level driver that responds to a system-defined device control request or a driver-defined device I/O control request from a corresponding class driver.
The NAD port driver is capable of basic functions to initialize the driver and create an NAD port FDO and dispatch functions to process IRP passed down from the disk class driver layer. The IRP passed down from the disk class driver may contain a SCSI request block (SRB), which specifies the actual I/O command to be performed onto the SCSI device.
Tables 9 and 10 list the basic functions and some of the dispatch functions, of which roles are basically the same as those of the NAD bus driver described earlier, are presented with brief explanations.
In Windows 2000, a device I/O control command is included in an IRP as a device I/O control number, and the device I/O control functions are implemented in the port driver to handle the corresponding device I/O control numbers.
Besides the regular device I/O control functions in Windows 2000, additional device I/O control functions are implemented in the NAD port driver so that the NAD can be added or removed dynamically without stopping the Windows 2000 system. With conventional local disks, addition or removal of the local disk can be directly detected by the Windows 2000 system at the time of the system booting because the local disks are physically connected to the physical hardware bus. Therefore, the creation of a disk PDO for a local disk is basically initiated from the hardware interrupt at the time of the system booting. So the conventional port driver does not have to have functions that initiate addition or removal of the PDO of a disk device in the middle of the system operation.
However, in an NAD system, addition and removal of an NAD device can occur while the Windows 2000 system is running. Therefore, there should be a mechanism that can create/remove a disk PDO for the newly attached/removed disk.
The device I/O control functions implemented in the present invention handle such dynamic addition and removal of the NAD as follows. If a device control IRP that tells a new NAD hardware device is hooked up to the network is passed to the NAD port FDO, the NAD port FDO creates an NAD device PDO for the new NAD thus letting the system recognize the disk. For the removal of the NAD device, device control IRP to remove the disk is sent to and processed by NAD port FDO similarly.
The dispatch functions that handle device I/O control IRPs are summarized in the following table. Note that the device I/O control functions, NASPortFdoDeviceControl( ), NADPortPluInDevice( ) and NADPortUnpluDevice( ) are the functions particular to the present invention for the purpose of dynamic addition and removal of the NAD.
In a conventional local disk, disk I/O commands are delivered to a disk controller at the host adapter using the SRB data structure. But, in the NAD system of the present invention, disk input/output commands are delivered to the NIC of the host.
In the present invention, the NAD system supports various types of disks including SCSI and IDE. If the NAD device is composed of SCSI disks only, the CDB is delivered as is to the host MC so that the network-attached SCSI disks can perform the requested disk I/O.
If the NAD device, however, is composed of disk devices of other type than SCSI such as IDE, the CDB must be translated into the commands that can be processed by the specific devices. The translation of the CDB, in such a case, can be done either at the NAD port driver or at the NAD device. If the translation is to be done at the NAD, the Windows 2000 host simply delivers a CDB to the host NIC as if it delivers a CDB to a SCSI disk. If the translation is to be done at the NAD port driver, the NAD port driver functions must translate the CDBs into a set of disk I/O commands appropriate to the specific hardware disk types.
The NAD system of the present invention supports both cases, and the type of the commands, i.e., CDB or hardware-specific commands, is determined at the time of the installation of the specific NAD. Some of the dispatch functions that process SRB with mandatory CDB operation codes are given in table 12 to show how the NAD port driver functions are implemented to handle the SRB and CDB in the present invention. Such SRB processing functions are required if the NAD port driver has to translate the CDB into a set of hardware specific I/O commands.
Disk I/O commands in the NAD system are delivered to the host NIC instead of the local disk host adapter because the I/O should be done over the network rather than over the bus. Windows 2000 provides a Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS), a set of specifications defined to specify network interface drivers.
In the present invention, all the NAD port driver functions that deliver I/O commands to the NAD devices are implemented to deliver the commands to a NDIS (network driver interface specification) protocol driver layer through which the commands are delivered to the NAD devices over the network.
Upon receiving from the disk class driver the IRP containing an SRB or an I/O control command for specific disk I/O operation, the NAD port driver passes down a new IRP containing the corresponding CDB to the protocol driver. Then the protocol driver sends the CDB, which is the SCSI-2 standard I/O command, to the NAD device and, in turn, receives and handles the reply from the NAD device. Note here that if the host computer has to send some hardware specific I/O commands other than CDB as is pointed out in
The NDIS provides transport-independence for network vendors because all drivers that require communication over the network calls the NDIS interface to access the network, thus providing a ready solution for the communication between the host computer and the NAD devices in the present invention.
The actual protocol implemented in the protocol driver of the NDIS may adopt a standard protocol or a non-standard protocol. Since a standard protocol such as IP (Internet Protocol) involves an overhead, a non-standard protocol may be preferred in terms of performance and security. The present invention follows the NDIS specification of the Windows 2000 network system to implement a proprietary communication protocol into the NDIS protocol driver in order to provide a communication protocol between a Windows 2000 host and NAD devices to reliably handle the NAD I/O commands.
NAD Device
The technical constitution of the NAD device running under the Windows family of operating systems is the same as that of the NAD device running under the UNIX family of operating systems shown in
Advantages of the NAD System over NAS and SAN
Either running the UNIX or Windows family of operating systems, the NAD system of the present invention has numerous advantages over the NAS system and the SAN system. Unlike the NAS system that provides file storage service by way of an additional file server, the NAD device is attached to a host computer as if it is a local disk connected to the system bus of the host. Unlike the SAN system, the NAD device of the present invention is simply plugged into a network port without requiring any additional special switch or network equipment. Therefore, the NAD system provides better user convenience, system flexibility, scalability, economy, and performance.
All the disk-related operations, including formatting, partitioning, sharing, and mounting, can be done to NAD devices just as they can be done to a local disk. Since NAD devices are directly available to the host as local disks, the NAD system provides better manageability and user convenience. In the NAS system, addition, deletion, or any change to the disk configuration should be consulted to the NAS operating system through human or software intervention. In the NAD system, addition or deletion of an NAD device is instantly achieved by plugging or unplugging the NAD device to and from a network port. The NAD system even provides a superior user convenience in installing and uninstalling the disks, eliminating the need of opening and closing the case of the host computer.
The NAD system provides almost unlimited scalability to the disk capacity. The number of NAD devices that can be attached to the network is virtually unlimited, whereas the number of disks available through the NAS system is severely limited because of an economical reason and the inconvenience involved in the management of the multitudes of NAS servers.
The NAD system is intrinsically more economical than the NAS or SAN system because each NAD device does not employ file server software and other additional special hardware equipment.
Media Changeable NAD System
An NAD system of the present invention can be alternatively implemented as a media changeable storage device. A media changeable storage device is a special storage device that is physically separated two parts, one being the media containing the data and the other being the driver performing an I/O operation to the media. Floppy disk drivers, CD-ROM drivers are examples of media changeable storage devices. Whether a media is installed or not, a media changeable storage device can be registered to a host computer so that a media such as a diskette can be inserted into a driver dynamically.
Since NAD devices can be plugged in or removed from a network port dynamically, a virtual driver that uses NAD as a media can be implemented in the form of a media changeable storage device. Windows 2000 provides the changer class driver model to implement a media changeable storage device. In order to implement a media changeable NAD system, a class driver for the NAD system is implemented according to the model of the changer class driver of Windows 2000. The two lower-level drivers, i.e. the NAD port driver and the NAD bus driver, are used to implement such media changeable NAD system.
Alternative Embodiment Using Converter and Counter-Converter
Instead of using a network interface card (NIC) and new virtual host bus adapter, the network attached disk of the present invention may be implemented by providing in the host side a protocol converter that converts storage commands into data link frames containing the storage commands so that the frames can be sent through a network, and by providing in the device side a counter-converter that converts the data link frames containing the storage commands received through the network into the storage commands.
Since a converter is a specialized network interface, the converter encapsulates the I/O commands and data to data link frame so as transmit them to an I/O device through a network without the overhead of processing communication protocols in general.
Tape System, CD Juke Box
The kinds of storage devices that can be directly connected to a network using the interface of the present system are not limited to disk systems. Tape systems and CD drives use IDE or SCSI interface, the same bus interface as disk systems. For example, the present invention may be used to connect multiple CD drives directly to a network, enabling a cost-effective implementation of a CD-Juke box.
While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to those embodiments. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skilled in the art that many modifications can be made to the structure and form of the described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
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I picked up my first growler a couple weekends ago while in Rochester, New York. I went to a local grocery store in search a particular beer that is not available in Columbus and, unfortunately, struck out. However, I didn't leave empty-handed. Just before settling on a 6-pack of Summer Shandy (never a bad choice in it's own right given the heat), I notice an entire section of growlers from a local brewery, Rohrbach's Brewing Company. This was an unusual sight for me because I'm not aware any grocery stores in Columbus that sell growlers. The store had about a half dozen choices, and I chose the Railroad Street IPA.
Railroad Street IPA poured an amber, copper color with minimal head and retention. There was a fair amount of lacing left on the glass, though. The aroma was fairly true to style with plenty of citruy hops, but it was also had a distinct caramel malt note. The flavor followed the aroma pretty closely, having a heavier malt flavor than I expected for an IPA (granted, I should have been prepared for this given the description on the label). My overall impression is that this is a good beer and I'd be happy to drink it again, although it won't rank near the top of my favorite IPA's.
Now that I've finished off the Railroad Street IPA, it's time to go out and put my new growler to good use. There are a number of brewpubs, restaurants and specialty shops in and around the Columbus area that sell and fill growlers and, since I'm generally partial to beer on tap, I'm looking forward to the opportunity to enjoy draught beer at home.


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Sephora Favorites – Best of the Best Try-Me Kits
Have you checked out Sephora Favorites?
They're pre-packaged kits/sets of Sephora's favorite/popular products from different categories. For example, there's Lashstash Mascara Deluxe Sampler, which features eleven different "most wanted mascaras" for $39. There are ten kits in total, from pink lips to fragrances to skin care. All of the kits are $40 or less. The kits offer a more cost-effective way to try out bestsellers and products you've thought about but never wanted shell out all the money for. I think I'm most interested in the Face Quenchers Moisturizers Deluxe Sampler.
Samples/Freebies Codes
- Free Bare Escentuals Matte Foundation, use code BEMATTE.
- Free Mystic Tan Sample, use code MYSTIC.
- Free Enzyme Face Peel by AmorePacific, use code AMORE.
- Free sample bag of men's grooming essentials, use code ALLHIS.
- Free full-sized Perricone Eye Smoother, use code CERAMIC.
- Free Smashbox Photo Finish Primer in Light, use code PRIMER.
- Free DuWop Prime Venom, use code DUWOP.
Discussion and debate are highly encouraged, and we expect community members to participate respectfully. When asking a question, please check the FAQ section (above) for information about purchasing, price, dupes, and the like. If you have general feedback or need technical support, please contact us.
Comments that include advertisements, self-promotion, insults, etc. may be in violation of our comment policy and subject to deletion. Please see our comment policy for more information.


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Jay-Z to blame for Kevin Durant quitting Team USA?
Kevin Durant pulled out of Team USA two weeks ago much to the shock of USA Basketball coaches, players and executives. Durant cited mental and physical fatigue as his reason for quitting the team during the middle of training camp, only weeks away from the start of the 2014 FIBA World Cup. "After going through…Read More


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Venue AddressShanghai Exhibition Centre No.1000 Yan An Road (Middle)
Shanghai 200040.
Established in 1955 in Shanghai City, Shanghai Exhibition Center (SEC) provides large-scale international and domestic conference and exhibition services.
In 1989, with its unique Soviet style architecture and elegant decoration, Shanghai Exhibition Center was officially nominated as one of the Shanghai's top 10 Architectures in the period of 1949-1989. In 1999, during the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Exhibition Center was awarded a gold medal for being one of the Shanghai's top 10 Classical Architectures.
The venue is located in the centre of the city, within walking distance to many hotels and restaurants, close to the Shanghai Art Museum and MOCA, the Shanghai Museum of Contemporary Art.


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Flex Films USA will begin placing its stamp on Kentucky this week. The Elizabethtown operation, owned by Uflex Ltd. based in New Delhi, India, will hold a ground blessing and groundbreaking ceremony at 10 a.m. Friday in Elizabethtown. The company makes polyester chips, specialty films, coated and metallized film, laminates, pouches, holographic films and adhesives used in packaging.


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ichyfeet @ Penang, Malaysia-Street Art/Wall Painting 脚痒@槟城,马来西亚-壁画
Wonderful shots, good to get kids participating in art. :)
Check out LeesaIchyFeetnMouth !
Wonderful shots, good to get kids participating in art. :)
Check out LeesaIchyFeetnMouth !
Tags: Art, cat, Children, Feet, Malaysia, Penang, Photography, street art, toemail, Toes
Fabulous photos of some really cool wall art. Love it!! ~SueBee
Thank you SueBee and Kat ! there is some Ernest's art pieces in Singapore now ! check it out yeah :D http://leesaichyfeetnmouth.wordpress.com/2013/10/27/singapore-arab-street/
Reblogged this on LeesaIchyFeetnMouth 首页Mainpage and commented:
3rd post on Toemail :D feel great ! woohoo !
a) http://leesaichyfeetnmouth.wordpress.com/2013/10/18/malaysia-kota-tinggi-waterfall/ on 21/10/13
b) http://leesaichyfeetnmouth.wordpress.com/japan/ on 10/10/13
Beautiful!! Thank you.
Street art fascinates me as it speaks of the people of the country where it originates…yet needs no words for understanding.
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Anquan Boldin's future in Baltimore appears cloudy right now as no one knows for sure what's going on. But quarterback Joe Flacco made his feelings clear this weekend.
In speaking with USA TODAY Sunday, Flacco said the Ravens might not have found the success they did this season without Boldin, who truly was invaluable down the stretch.
"Without him, we don't win the Super Bowl. He's a huge part of this team and someone I want to see back," Flacco told USA TODAY Sports. "Obviously, when you're a player of his caliber, you believe you're worth a number and that's what you should get. He's going to stick to his guns, and that's the way it should be."
USA TODAY reported in the article that Boldin, 32, is the second-oldest player on the roster and his cap number for the upcoming season will be $7.531 million. That's where the problem is because the Ravens are trying to make room to re-sign linebacker Dannell Ellerbe and make other moves.
But losing Boldin would be a blow. He was huge in the post-season and really connected with Flacco to help the Baltimore passing game move to another level.
"He was really important down the stretch," Flacco said in the USA TODAY article. "He's a guy who knows what he's doing. He's done it over and over again in this league. We just really started to hit it and really attack."
There's been a number of reports about exactly what Boldin's situation is at this point with USA TODAY reporting in this article that Boldin "turned down the Ravens' bid to restructure his deal, and is preparing to become an unrestricted free agent if released, according to a person with knowledge of the negotiations."
Flacco would back Boldin no matter what happens because he understands the way the NFL works.
"This league is about going out and performing and playing well and having fun doing so," Flacco said in the article. "But it's also our livelihood and it's about getting paid. So teams are going to let go of you as soon as they can. So when you're playing, you have to make sure you can get as much money as you can because that's what's going to take care of your family down the road."


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Detroit Pistons v Atlanta Hawks
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Will Bynum of the Detroit Pistons drives to the basket against Jeff... Fotografía de noticiasAtlanta,Atlanta Hawks,Baloncesto,Basket-ball - NBA Pro,Deporte,Detroit Pistons,EE.UU.,Encestar,Estadio Philips,Georgia - Estado de EEUU,Horizontal,Jeff Teague,Lanzar,Lanzar la pelota,Will BynumPhotographer Scott CunninghamCollection: National Basketball Association 2012 NBAEATLANTA, GA - DECEMBER 26: Will Bynum #12 of the Detroit Pistons drives to the basket against Jeff Teague #0 of the Atlanta Hawks on December 26, 2012 at Philips Arena in Atlanta, Georgia. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and/or using this Photograph, user is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement. Mandatory Copyright Notice: Copyright 2012 NBAE (Photo by Scott Cunningham/NBAE via Getty Images)


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BicycleSPACE and artists Calder Brannock, founder of The Adventure Residency Program, and 5×5 artist Marley Dawson will lead a guided bicycle tour of various 5×5 sites throughout Washington, DC.
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