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Shrubs and shallow-rooted trees such as willows, maples, and beeches compete strongly with turfgrasses for nutrients and water. In clay soil, most of the shade trees' feeder roots grow in the upper 8 inches where turfgrass roots grow. Competition extends past the trees' drip zone, since roots can grow a considerable distance beyond this point. Reduced amounts of light, nutrients, and water produce succulent, weak turfgrass plants. They are slow to establish and are susceptible to insects, disease, and environmental stress. They are less able to withstand traffic than plants grown in full sunlight.
Environmental conditions associated with shade favor some diseases. Poor wind movement and reduced sunlight moderate the temperature and increase the relative humidity in shady areas. As a result, foliage remains wet for extended periods. Although dew forms less frequently in shaded than sunny locations, it lasts longer because the trees hinder drying. Wet foliage encourages disease development, and thus it is important to select disease-tolerant turfgrasses. Return to Main Index
Removing tree limbs up to a height of 6 feet and cutting out unnecessary undergrowth will enhance wind movement and reduce the potential for disease. Selective pruning of the tree's crown will open the canopy and allow more light to reach the turfgrass. Removing dead and diseased limbs can enhance the health and appearance of the tree if pruning is done selectively and with care. Avoid severe pruning.
Tree-root pruning also aids in lawn performance, but care must be taken not to injure desirable trees. Maples, beeches, oaks, and certain evergreens are very sensitive to extensive root pruning. Roots should be cut cleanly, and no more than 40 percent of the functioning roots should be removed at one time. Supplemental irrigation and fertilization help reduce the harmful effects of root pruning.
The depth of shade within the dripline of a tree can result in soil erosion, exposing surface roots. Willows, elms, and maples are notorious for their surface roots. One temporary solution is to cover these surface roots with 3 to 4 inches of mixed topsoil and organic matter. Shade-tolerant ground covers can be established in these areas to give a pleasing appearance and minimize mowing problems.
Proper tree selection and placement can help minimize turf loss. Trees with dense canopies, shallow root systems, or both, such as willows, poplars, ashes, and certain maples, should be avoided in favor of more desirable species such as oaks, sycamores, and elms. Contact your county Cooperative Extension Service Center for a list of the shade trees that perform best in your location.
Grass Selection. Using shade-tolerant cultivars is important when growing turfgrass in partial shade. Mixtures of tall fescue in combination with shade-tolerant cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass (80 percent and 20 percent by weight, respectively) are the best choices in most locations where cool-season grasses can be grown. (See Table 1 ) The addition of a fine fescue, specifically cultivars of hard fescue, is beneficial in areas that will receive little maintenance. A mixture of 80 percent tall fescue, 10 percent Kentucky bluegrass, and 10 percent hard fescue by weight seeded at 6 pounds per thousand square feet is recommended. Other fine fescues, such as certain cultivars of creeping red and chewings fescues that perform well under low light intensities in other states, are thinned by disease in North Carolina. Perennial ryegrass and Sabre rough bluegrass (Pea tnvialis) have also performed poorly in shade trials in North Carolina.
Do not permit leaves to accumulate on the new lawn. As leaves fall, they become layered and create a mat that blocks light, air, and water movement. Remove leaves frequently until the grass is established. Some seedlings may be torn out by the rake; however, more seedlings will be lost if the leaves remain.
In general, warm-season grasses often suffer more winter injury in shaded areas than in open, sunny locations. St. Augustinegrass is the most shade-tolerant of the warm-season grasses, followed closely by zoysiagrass. Both Emerald and Meyer varieties of zoysiagrass are more widely used in North Carolina because they tolerate cold better than St. Augustinegrass. Centipedegrass and bahiagrass perform well under light pine-tree shade but are not as shade tolerant as St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrass. Bermudagrass is the least shade tolerant of the turfgrasses and should not be considered for use in shady areas. Table 1 and table 2 list shadetolerant grasses and grass mixtures. Figure 1 shows the boundaries of the three areas of adaptation in the state.
Cultural Practices. Keep in mind that shade-tolerant grasses prefer sunny locations. Lawns grown in the shade must be managed more carefully because they are often weaker than turf grown in full sun. Cultural practices must be altered to help ensure survival and enhance performance. Mow grasses at the top of their recommended mowing height range to promote deep rooting and to leave as much foliage as possible to manufacture food for the plant. (See Table 1)
Lawn grasses grown in the shade should generally be fertilized at the same time as turf grown in the sun, but at a lighter rate. (See Table 3) Lawn fertilization is not harmful to trees and shrubs and may actually be beneficial. Fertilizers associated with turf, such as 12~-8 and 16~-8, can help to meet the requirements of trees and shrubs, thus preventing a nutrient deficiency. (Nutrient status can be confirmed by submitting a soil sample to the NCDA Soil Testing Laboratory in Raleigh.) If the trees require more nutrients than can be supplied by the turfgrass fertilizer, apply additional fertilizer by soil injection or drill coring to reduce the amount of area affected and minimize the potential for turf injury or loss. Keep track of the total amount of fertilizer applied to a given area so the total recommended amount for any plant is not exceeded. Overfertilization may occur if different people are responsible for the trees, shrubs, and lawn.
Irrigate the lawn deeply and infrequently to encourage deep rooting of trees and lawn grasses, reduce soil compaction, and minimize the time that the foliage is wet. Wet foliage promotes disease development.
Remove accumulating leaves frequently from a young lawn. The tender seedlings cannot stand long periods without adequate air, light, and water. Once the lawn is established, and if the mat is not too thick, the leaves can be mulched with a lawn mower. The mulch will decay and add organic matter to the soil. However, if the cover is too heavy, it is best to remove the leaves.
Weed Control. Mosses (small green plants with leaves arising from all sides of a central axis) are very competitive in cool, moist, shaded locations-for example, on the north side of buildings and in wooded areas. Conditions favoring the growth of mosses are low fertility, poorly drained soil, acidity, frequently wet soil, soil compaction, excessive thatch, or a combination of these factors that lead to thin, weak turf. Physical or chemical removal provides temporary control unless growing conditions are improved. Moss can be controlled with copper or ferrous sulfate sprayed at 5 ounces per thousand square feet in 4 gallons of water. Applying concentrated amounts (10 ounces per thousand square feet) of ferrous ammonium sulfate when the moss is damp offers another means of control. Applying 5 to 10 pounds of ground limestone per thousand square feet before reseeding helps to inactivate the copper sulfate, which may be toxic to seedlings. Physical removal of the moss by raking may be needed to allow for recovery.
Because crabgrass and goosegrass seed usually need high light intensity to germinate, preemergence herbicides are not required in heavily shaded areas. Be careful when applying broadleaf weed controls because some herbicides can injure trees and shrubs by root uptake or spray drift. Read and follow all label directions carefully.
Disease Control. Powdery mildew, brown patch, leafspot, and melting out are the major turfgrass diseases associated with shade. Powdery mildew is particularly severe on Kentucky bluegrass; however, most shade adapted cultivars exhibit good tolerance to this disease. Brown patch is often associated with tall fescue, whereas leaf spot and melting out are associated with Me fescue, St. Augustinegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. (See Cooperative Extension Service publications AG-360, Diseases of Warm-Season Grasses, and AG-361, Diseases of Cool-Season Grasses, for a description of the symptoms of these diseases and suggested management practices for minimizing development and damage.) Planting improved, shade-adaptable lawn grasses and using good cultural practices can help reduce damage from diseases. A blend or mixture of improved, adapted coolseason grasses, rather than a single cultivar, can help reduce the potential of turf loss from disease.
Return to Main Index
1Mulitply by 43.5 to convert to a per-acre basis. Follow table suggestions in the absence of soil test recommendations to the contrary. Use a complete (N-P-K) turf-grade fertillizer with a 3-1-2 or 4-1-2 analyais (for example, 12-4-8 of 16-4-8) in which one-fourth to one-half of the nitrogen is slowly available.Dates suggested are for the central piedmont. For the west, dates may be one to two weeks latter in the spring and earlier in the fall. For the east, they may be one to two weeks earlier in the spring and later in the fall. 2Centipedegrass should be fertilized very lightly after establishment. An additional fertilization in August may enhance performance in coastal locations. Do not apply any phosphorus unless suggested by soil test results.
The Sensible Approach to Lawn Care.
Many pest problems can cause your turf to look bad-diseases, weeds, insects and animals. If you are really unlucky, you may have all of them at one time.
So what do you do? Use a pesticide? Or make changes in cultural practices? Both methods, and some others as well, may be needed. The balanced use of all available methods is called INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM).
The idea is simple. It urges the use of all available prevention and control methods to keep pests from reaching damaging levels. The goal is to produce a good turf and minimize the influence of pesticides on man, the environment, and turf.
IPM methods include:
When chemical control is necessary, select the proper pesticide, follow label directions, and apply when the pest is most susceptible. Treat only those areas in need. Regard pesticides as only one of many tools available in lawn care.
To learn more about integrated pest management, pest identification, lawn care, and proper use of pesticides, contact your county Cooperative Extension Center.
DISCLAIMER: Recornmerulations for the use of agricultural chemicals are included in this publication as a convenience to the reader. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial products or services in this publication does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service nor discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. Individuals who use agricultural chemicals are responsible for ensuring that the intended use complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure to obtain current inforrnation about usage regulations and examine a current product label before applying any chemical For assistance, contact your county Cooperative Extension Service agent.
Return to Main Index


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An exercise machine has multiple exercise stations including a press station at which exercises are performed in opposition to a selected amount of weight in a weight stack. The press station includes a swing link unit pivotally mounted at a fixed swing axis and providing a variable swing axis for a swing frame to be manipulated by the exercising person in press exercises. Movement of the swing frame is resisted by a cable loaded by the weight stack and connected to a lever portion of the swing frame. Provision is made for limiting downward swing of the swing link unit to fix the location of the swing axis when shoulder press exercises are to be performed, and for limiting swing of the swing frame toward the swing link unit when incline press exercises are to be performed. Incline press exercises and abdominal exercises can be performed when the swing frame is manipulated intermediate the positions used for performing incline press and shoulder press exercises.
1. An exercise station comprising;
a support frame;
an exercise station;
a swing frame at said exercise station carried by said support frame, said swing frame having handles and a swing axis which is free to move on a predetermined travel path;
means defining said travel path; and
biasing means carried by said support frame and connected to said swing frame at a leveraging location spaced from said swing axis for resisting swinging movement of said swing frame relative to said swing axis and for also resisting movement of said swing axis along said travel path when press exercises are performed by a person gripping said handles at said exercise station.
2. An exercise machine according to claim 1 in which said travel path is an arc.
3. An exercise machine according to claim 1 in which stop means is provided for limiting movement of said swing axis away from said exercise station.
4. An exercise machine according to claim 1 in which said swing axis is located at one end of a swing link unit having its other end pivotally mounted on a fixed pivot axis parallel to said swing axis for defining said travel path.
5. An exercise machine according to claim 4 in which stop means is provided for limiting movement of said swing link unit.
6. An exercise machine according to claim 4 in which swinging motion of said swing frame toward said swing link unit about said swing axis in opposition to said biasing means is limited at an acute angle between said swing frame and said swing link unit.
7. An exercise machine according to claim 1 in which a chest bar is detachably connected to said handles.
8. An exercise machine according to claim 1 in which said biasing means comprises a cable connected at one of its ends to said swing frame at said leveraging location and a weight connected to the other end of said cable.
9. An exercise machine comprising:
a press station having a body support with forward and rear ends and lateral sides;
a swing assembly pivotally mounted at a forward pivot axis extending transversely beneath said body support, said swing assembly being centrally articulated at an articulation axis extending transversely behind said body support at a level elevated with respect to said forward swing axis;
said swing assembly including an upper swing frame swingably mounted at said articulation axis and presenting a pair of transversely spaced arms with handle grips located at opposite sides of said body support;
and biasing means connected to said swing frame beneath the level of said articulation axis and extending downwardly and rearwardly for urging said swing assembly to swing downwardly at said pivot axis, and for also urging said arms to swing at said articulation axis, in opposition to press exercises performed by an exercising person supported by said body support who is gripping said handles and pushing upwardly thereon.
10. An exercise machine according to claim 9 in which said body support comprises a seat with a semi-inclined back rest at its rear end.
11. An exercise machine according to claim 9 in which said swing assembly includes a lower swing link extending between said pivot axis and articulation axis, and an articulation stop at said articulation axis for limiting forward articulation of said swing assembly to a preset acute included angle between said swing link and swing frame whereby a decline press exercise may be performed when said articulation stop is engaged.
12. An exercise machine according to claim 9 in which said swing assembly includes a lower swing link extending between said swing axis and articulation axis; and
a fixed shoulder press stop located behind said press station and swing axis and positioned at an elevation higher than that of said swing axis, said shoulder press stop being arranged to be engaged by said swing assembly for keeping the swing link substantially stationary so as to then permit said swing frame to be swung upwardly with said swing link stationary while an exercising person on said body support is performing a shoulder press exercise in opposition to said biasing means.
13. An exercise machine according to claim 9 in which said swing frame has a lever arm extending therefrom to a level normally below that of said articulation axis, and said biasing means comprises a loaded cable connected to a lower end portion of said lever arm.
14. An exercise machine according to claim 13 in which said cable engages a pulley at a location below and behind said lever arm, and a weight loads said cable.
15. An exercise machine according to claim 9 in which said swing assembly has a detachable chest bar bridging said arms adjacent said handle grips for engagement by the chest of an exercising person supported by said body support and performing a chest press exercise.
16. An exercise machine comprising:
a frame assembly providing a base;
a press station on the frame assembly having forward and rearward ends,
a weight supported by said base;
a generally U-shaped swing frame having a movable swing axis, said swing frame presenting a pair of arms with front hand grips and a leg rigidly connected to said arms adjacent said swing axis and extending at an obtuse angle relative thereto;
guide means for defining a travel path for said swing axis; and
a cable and pulley system connected to said weight and including a pulley mounted on said swing frame behind said press station and adjacent said base, and including a cable trained over said pulley and connected at one of its ends to said leg, said system being adapted to cause said weight to be lifted when said cable is pulled responsive to movement of said leg.
17. An exercise machine according to claim 16 in which said guide means comprises a swing link unit pivotally mounted on said frame assembly at a pivot axis, and to said swing frame at said swing axis, and in which there is a decline press stop on said swing assembly arranged when engaged to limit forward and downward swinging movement of said swing frame relative to said swing link unit about said swing axis at a position whereat the included angle between said swing frame and swing link unit is a preset acute angle, whereby further forward swinging movement of said swing frame is solely about said pivot axis for performing a decline press exercise when said decline press stop is engaged.
18. An exercise station according to claim 16 in which there is a shoulder press stop on said frame assembly at a position elevated above said base, said shoulder press stop being arranged to be engaged by said swing assembly so as to keep said swing axis stationary whereby said swing frame can then be swung upwardly about said stationary swing axis resisted by said weight-loaded cable acting on said leg for performing a shoulder press exercise.
19. An exercise machine according to claim 16 in which said press station includes a seat assembly, and leg curl exercise means is pivotally connected to said seat assembly, said cable being connected at the other of its ends to said leg curl exercise means.
20. An exercise machine according to claim 19 in which said cable and pulley system includes a floating pulley engaged by said cable, and said cable has stops at said press station and leg curl exercise means.
The present invention relates to exercise machines having multiple exercise units of the type which operate via a cable and pulley system in opposition to a single set of weights, and which do not require cable connecting and disconnecting to shift activity from one exercise unit to another. The invention also relates to exercise machines including a press station at which a variety of press exercises can be performed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,809,972 discloses an exercise machine with multiple exercise units each of which is connected to a respective one of multiple cables in a cable and pulley system connected to a weight stack. Each of the cables is tensioned when one of the exercise units is used, and each cable which is connected to an exercise unit has a stop adjacent the corresponding exercise unit to resist retraction of the cable when such unit is not in use. The exercise machine includes a press exercise unit providing a swing frame arranged to be swung upwardly about a fixed pivot in opposition to the weight stack responsive to an upward shoulder press normally performed with the exercising person reclined on a bench beneath the swing frame.
Instead of using a swing frame with a fixed pivot for a press exercise, the present invention utilizes a floating swing frame positioned to be operated from a semi-recumbent body support position, making it possible to perform decline, incline, chest and shoulder presses. The pivot axis of the swing frame is located at the rear of a swing link unit which is pivotally mounted at its forward end at a lower elevation. The swing frame has a lever extension connected to one end of a weight-loaded cable.
Forward swinging of the swing frame relative to the swing link unit is limited for performing decline press exercises in which the forward pivot of the swing link unit is the only pivot in use. Downward swinging of the swing link unit is limited for performing shoulder press exercises in which the pivot of the swing frame on the swing link unit is the only pivot in use. Incline press and chest press exercises are performed in an intermediate swinging range of the swing frame and swing link unit in which the forward pivot of the swing link unit and the pivot of the swing frame on the swing link unit are both in use. A detachable transverse bar is provided on the swing frame for chest engagement when abdominal exercises are to be performed.
The body support used for the press exercises is also used when performing leg curl exercises with apparatus connected at the other end of the weight-loaded cable.
In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exercise machine embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view illustrating various press exercise positions of the press exercise station;
FIG. 3 is a detail perspective view taken as indicated in FIG. 1 and showing the press exercise assembly in the shoulder press position;
FIG. 4 is a detail perspective view taken as indicated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a perspective exploded view showing the transverse bar and its manner of attachment used when performing abdominal exercises;
FIG. 6 is a schematic of the cable and pulley system for loading the exercise stations with the weight stack;
FIG. 7 is a detail vertical sectional view taken as indicated by line 7--7 in FIG. 3; and
FIG. 8 is a detail vertical sectional view showing the stop in engagement between the swing frame and swing link unit.
Referring to the drawings, it is seen that for purposes of example the present invention is incorporated in an exercise machine with multiple exercise stations comprising a high pull station 12, a low pull station 14, a leg curl and extension station 16, and a press station 18, operating in conjunction with a weight stack unit 20 of standard construction. The present invention relates principally to the press station 18.
The exercise machine is supported on a generally triangular base 22 having tubular pedestals 23, 24 and 25 mounted at its vertices. As indicated schematically in FIG. 6, weights in the weight stack resist exercise motions at the exercise stations by means of (a) a cable 26 connected to a pick-up rod extending through the weights of the weight stack 20, and to a handle bar 27 at the high pull station, (b) a second cable 28 connected at its ends to a grip 29 at the low pull station 14 and a stop 31, and (c) a third cable 30 connected at its ends to the leg curl and extension station 16 and the press station 18. Cables 26 and 28 are operatively associated via a floating pulley unit 32 in pedestal 23, cables 28 and 30 are operatively associated via a second floating pulley unit 34 in pedestal 25. Cable 26 trains over pulleys 35, 36 and 37 supported at the top of pedestal 23, and under the upper pulley 32a of floating pulley unit 32 between pulleys 36 and 37.
Cable 28 trains around pulley 38 at the base of pedestal 23, over the lower pulley 32b of floating pulley unit 32, around pulleys 39, 40 at the bases of pedestals 23 and 25, respectively, and then over an adjustable pulley 41 in the top of pedestal 25 and beneath the upper pulley 34a of floating pulley unit 34 before dead ending at 31 at the top of column 25. The third cable 30 connects between the stations 18, 16 via a pulley 42 at the base of pedestal 25, the lower pulley 34b of floating pulley unit 34, and lower pulleys 43 and 44 at the lower ends of pedestals 25 and 24, respectively.
Stops 45, 46, 47 and 48 are mounted on cables 26, 28 and 30 at the exercise stations 12, 14, 16, and 18, respectively, to prevent retraction of the cables when one of the exercise stations is being used. The result is that the weight stack 20 loads each of the exercise stations. The amount of load is selected by engaging a lock pin through the appropriate one of the weights into the pick-up rod. Such a system is present in the exercise machine disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,809,972. This patent also discloses a leg curl and extension station operating in the manner of the station 16. This station includes a seat 46 supported on the pedestal 24 and having a semi-reclined back support 47. The seat 46 has side handles 48 and may be pivoted upwardly at the front at pivot 46a. A dual-purpose element 49 of inverted T-shape having padded bottom arms 49a is pivotally mounted at 50 from a pivot support 51. The cable 30 connects to an arched cable guide member 52 at the back of the element 49 so that forward swinging movement of the latter is resisted by the load on the cable 30.
For the leg curl exercise, the exerciser sits on the seat 46 and swings the element 49 forwardly by leg engagement with the arms 49a. For the leg extension exercise, the exerciser stands on the floor facing rearwardly and grabs the handles 48 with the seat 46 swung upwardly at the front. The arms 48a are then engaged by the back of the respective legs and swung forwardly by backward movement of the leg.
The seat and back 46, 47 are also used as a body support for a person exercising at the press station 18 which will now be described. The press station 18 provides a swing assembly which includes an upper generally U-shaped swing frame 54 and a lower swing link unit 56 having a pair of swing links 56a, 56b connected together at their ends by front and back pivot pins 56c, 56d which project laterally beyond the links for receiving bearings provided by the base 22 and ears 54f, 54f' to the back of a central element 54c of the swing frame 54. The latter also has a pair of transversely spaced arms 54a, 54b with opposed handle grips 54d, 54e at their forward ends. The pivot pin 56d defines an articulation axis for the swing assembly 54, 56.
Extending downwardly from the swing frame 54 by way of a rigid connection to the central element 54c at a bracket 54g, is a leg extension 60 functioning as a leveraging arm. The cable 30 is connected to the lower end of this leg. The arrangement is such that the swing frame 54 can swing downwardly relative to the swing link unit 56 a limited amount before the lower edge of the central element 54c engages the upper surface of the swing link unit 56 at a stop 57 (FIG. 8) whereat the swing frame 54 is at an acute angle of about 60 degrees with the swing links. When the swing frame 54 and swing link unit 56 are in such engagement (position A in FIG. 2) they are in position for the performance of incline press exercises. A stop 62 is mounted at the front of the pedestal 25 for engagement by the pin 56d during downward swinging of the swing link unit 56 so as to limit downward swinging thereof (position C in FIG. 2) to thereby fix in space the location of the articulation axis between the swing frame 54 and the swing link unit 56 so that a shoulder press exercise can be performed during which only the swing frame 54 is manipulated.
In the central range of swinging motion of the swing frame 54 in which the swing link unit 56 remain unrestricted by the rear stop 62 and the swing frame 54 is not in engagement with the swing link unit 56 for incline press exercises (see position B in FIG. 2), the pivot 56d is free to swing and the swing frame 54 is free to move in a compound swinging motion for intermediate exercises such as an incline press in opposition to the loaded cable 30 acting on the leg 60. The pull line of the cable 30 between the leg 60 and the pulley 42 varies in length and angle relative to the horizontal as the swing frame 54 swings relative to the swing link unit 56 and the swing link unit swings relative to the base 22 during intermediate exercises. As a result of the described geometry the press stroke during the intermediate exercises is unrestrained in the sense that there is not a fixed swing axis for the swing frame 54. This makes possible a more complete workout because additional supportive musculature is put to use.
For performing an abdominal exercise there is provided a detachable padded chest bar 70 for bridging between the outer ends of the arms 54a, 54b of the swing frame 54. As shown in FIG. 5, the chest bar 70 has a pair of U-hooks 70a at its ends arranged to interfit with eyes 72 at the underside of the swing frame arms adjacent the handles 54d, 54e.
The exerciser normally assumes a semi-recumbent position resting on the seat 46 and semi-reclined back 47 while performing the decline press, incline press, and shoulder press exercise by arm movements. During the abdominal exercise the exerciser is seated on the seat 46 and moves his(her) upper body forwardly away from the back 47 while engaging the chest bar 70.
The geometry for the press station is preferably selected so that when incline press exercises are performed the resultant of the force exerted via the cable and pulley system at the weight stack 20 at the press exercise station 18 is aligned within a ten percent tolerance with the direction of the force exerted by the exerciser on the swing frame.
A typical press station can have swing links with a length of about 42 inches between its forward pivot 56c and the articulation axis defined by the pivot pin 56d, a swing frame 54 with a length of about 41 inches from the handle grips 54d, 54e to the pin 56d, an included angle of about 120 degrees between the plane of the swing frame 54 and the leg 60, a leg length of about 14 inches to the connection with cable 30, a horizontal distance of about 42 inches between the forward pivot 56c and the rotary axis of the pulley 42, and a vertical distance of about 16 inches from the stop 62 to the rotary axis of the pulley 42. These dimensions are by way of example, and are not intended as a limitation.
In the illustrated embodiment the swing axis 56d for the swing frame 54 swings on an arc centered at front pivot 56c for the swing link unit 56. It will be appreciated that the travel path for the swing axis 56d can also be defined by roller tracks rather than using the swing frame unit 56, in which case the swing frame unit would have follower rollers mounted thereon at the swing axis 56d.
It will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except as by the appended claims.
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Food Flashes
Food Flashes focuses on what's happening in the dining community, from restaurant openings and closings, to chef changes, to heart-healthy menus to kids' specials.
Monthly Archive for April, 2007
New restaurants open
Two new restaurants have opened: • Rock San, a Thai restaurant with a sushi bar, has opened at 5238 De Zavala Road, Suite 124. It is open daily from 10 a.m. to 11 p.m. Call (210) 561-0011 or visit www.rocksanrestaurant.com. • Volaré Pizza has opened a second location. It is at 20330 Huebner Road, Suite […] [Read More]
New hours
A couple of restaurants have announced a change in hours. • Azuca Nuevo Latino, 713 S. Alamo St., is now open on Sunday evenings. The doors open at 5 p.m. Call (210) 225-5550. • Sawasdee Thai Cuisine, 6407 Blanco Road, is now open for lunch and dinner on Sundays. It is closed for dinner Mondays. […] [Read More]
Signs of things to come
If someone driving ahead of you suddenly darts into the parking lot at a vacant storefront to stare at the door, it might be us. That's because we keep our eyes open for windows — especially those sporting signs and paper postings announcing interesting developments to come. First, though the owners of Ristorante Grissini aren't […] [Read More]
Tank's Chicken and Waffles opens
Tank's Chicken and Waffles has opened at 1607 E. Houston St. The restaurant features chicken and waffles, of course, a dish you'll find in restaurants from New York to Atlanta to Los Angeles. And it is what it says: Spicy fried chicken atop waffles with sweet maple syrup to balance it out. Other entrées include […] [Read More]
Pakistani restaurant open
Karachi Darbar Restaurant & Grill, the first Pakistani restaurant in South Texas, has opened at 4443 Fredericksburg Road. Owners Naim Khan and Haseeb Hassan offer such dishes as chicken birani, biryani, goat korma, kebabs, haleen, chicken tikka and more. The dishes are all halal, which means "permissible or allowed" to Islamic diners. The restaurant is […] [Read More]
Rosario's Fiesta pins
Starting Friday, Rosario's, 910 S. Alamo, will sell its its Quinceañera Fiesta pins for $5 as a fundraiser for the Children's Shelter of San Antonio. The pins were designed by Clare Smith of Studio Gallo and depict a birthday cake with 15 candles, which commemorates Rosario's 15th anniversary. The pins will be sold during Fiesta […] [Read More]
River Parade seats
Pesca on the River at the Watermark, 212 Crockett St., and Las Canarias at La Mansion del Rio, 112 College St., both have seats for Monday's Texas Cavaliers' River Parade. The cost for inside dining and a parade seat is $100 for adults and $50 for children. The cost for an outdoor package is $125 […] [Read More]
Swede's relocates
Swede's has relocated to 2211 N.W. Military Hwy. For the first week, the restaurant will only be open for lunch on a Tuesday-Friday basis. The menu, with a few additions, will be the same as the previous location, which included sandwiches, soups, salads and more. Owner Carl Stolhandske plans on adding evening hours in the […] [Read More]
10th Wingstop opens
Wingstop has opened its 10th San Antonio location. It is at 5222 DeZavala Road. Charles Loflin, owner of the local chicken wing franchise, plans to open four more within the next three years. He attributed the success of the operation to the appeal of the wings, which come in both bone-in and boneless varieties, as […] [Read More]
Barbecue Tour hits Poteet
Southern Living magazine is taking barbecue on the road this year, and its first stop will be the Poteet Strawberry Festival today and Saturday. Competitive barbecue chef Troy Black, who has been featured on the Food Network and the Travel Channel, will be sharing tips and recipes at a customer trailer that will be pulled […] [Read More]
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dental school faculty to participate in clinical, behavioral, and health services research that will support the missions of education and patient care and will help improve voluntary and governmental oversight of the profession.
The typical dental clinic, put simply, is not patient-centered. A procedure-oriented model of care must give way to a model that is patient and community oriented, focused on outcomes, scientifically and technologically up to date, team based, and efficient.
Current trends in health care delivery and financing are requiring academic health centers to compete for patients and for inclusion in managed care plans of various sorts. Whether the patient care activities of the dental school add to or subtract from the overall institution's market position is likely to be an issue in its future. Over the long-term, the committee believes that dental schools have no ethical or practical alternative but to make their programs more attentive to patients as well as more economically viable and to develop the programs and the data needed to document and assess the quality and efficiency of care. They will have to ensure that their activities and objectives are compatible with those of their parent institutions.
To fulfill their missions of education, research, and patient care, dental schools need the intellectual vitality, support, and discipline of universities and academic health centers. In return, dental educators must contribute to university life, especially through research, scholarship, and efficient management of educational and patient care programs.
Overall, the world of higher education is likely to become less stable and thus more unpredictable and stressful for its constituent parts. Universities and government policymakers will continue to reevaluate their programs—adding, deleting, and restructuring them. The closure of several dental schools has made the vulnerability of their relationship to the university clear. Reducing the factors that put dental schools at risk in the university is not an overnight task, and some factors are less subject to a school's influence than others. This makes it all the more important that each school assess its own position and develop a specific plan for analyzing and reinforcing that position within the university.


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AllOrange44, midnightraid, bodyofwork, shelterfromthestorm, majelly, brycedrew, don, DrSideline, almartino13...
all the same person, with not much going on in his life...
Back when Johnny Unitas wore those shoulder stripes, they went all the way around. These SU stripes just stop on the front and back. Looks terrible!
Throwback? SU never wore those stripes before. And the Block S has zero character or uniqueness. Michigan State in orange and blue. It all just reeks of GRob. Please burn the uniforms with the shoes to exorcise the past 4 years.
I always have a hard time getting through Bud's writings. After reading the first line, I look up to see who wrote this, see his name, then groan and decide if I'll just skip it or not.
As long as the team is competitive next season, who cares. Another Akron debacle is not acceptable.
You guys talk like it's Albany, UMass, or Bingo vs BE schools. But SU has not played Albany and Bing for very long. SU has traded out Brown and Penn who were on the schedule for years. UMass has been on the SU schedule for as long as anyone. BTW, do Villanova and Providence offer lacrosse scholarships (yet)?


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Lett's Set A Spell
Spiritual leaders, mental health counselors and life coaches usually agree that the best way to overcome negative thoughts and destructive emotions is to develop positive emotions that are stronger and more powerful. Recognizing that we are thinking negatively is usually easy but elevating our thoughts can be challenging, even difficult.
Thoughts that are not constructive seem to grow in our minds and also creep into our conversations, especially when we harbor an undercurrent of discontent in our lives. But what if our negative thoughts and uncomfortable circumstances are really "wake-up" calls to force us to change our consciousness and transform our lives?
In our prayers we may be proclaiming, "God, please stop the pain," when it was God who allowed the pain to get our attention. The saying "no pain, no gain" was made popular by exercise gurus, but it applies to the mental and emotional as well as the physical. Out of chaos a greater sense of order eventually emerges. Due to various crises, different opportunities open up and new possibilities develop.
DURING RECENT YEARS I have been forced to come face to face with my negative feelings about myself. As I watched my booming book business suffer sales losses due to more economic issues and less consumer spending back in 2008 I eventually realized that my success must not be based on whether people buy my book.
My self-esteem was severely challenged and my ego was sufficiently humbled! However, through writing, processing with close friends, praying, meditating and communing with nature, I accepted that I am a child of God and will be shown each phase of my divine mission. Embracing reinvention I focused on writing, reading, getting healthier and catching up on lots of things in the office, around the house and in the yard.
I took some time to look at how to use my talents in a way that would be more fulfilling to me and more beneficial to others. Eventually I marketed myself more as a speaker, and that led to the next frontier whereas most of my income now comes from offering keynotes on workshops on reinvention, marketing, social media, etc.
THROUGH BUILDING FAITH I now trust that job assignments will continue to come my way. I constantly read my favorite verse from The Bible, Isaiah 40:31:
"Those who wait for the Lord will renew their strength,
they will mount up with wings like eagles,
they will run and not be weary;
they will walk and not faint."
While waiting on the Lord, we need to be aware of what could be sent by God for us. Remember the man standing on the roof waiting for the Lord to rescue her from the flood?
Each time someone came by ... one with a rowboat and then another with a motorboat ... and finally a rescue helicopter .... he said, "Thanks, but no thanks! I'm waiting for the Lord to save me!" Eventually, the waters consumed him and he drowned.
He went to Heaven and there she asked the Lord "I had complete faith that You would save me? Why didn't You?"
God replied, "I sent two boats and a helicopter! What more did you want?"
In waiting upon the Lord, I have found a sense of prosperity and peace that does not come from a regular paycheck or steady income. Through the months that turned into years of often feeling led into the wilderness without any clear direction, I have learned more about accepting myself and being available for God's next assignment. I have focused on forgiving others, healing relationships and being grateful for my many blessings.
Meanwhile, I am waiting for more to be revealed…
AlexSandra Lett is a professional speaker and the author of "Natural Living, From Stress to Rest;" "A Timeless Place, Lett's Set a Spell at the Country Store;" "Timeless Moons, Seasons of the Fields and Matters of the Heart;" "Timeless Recipes and Remedies, Country Cooking, Customs, and Cures;" and "Coming Home to my Country Heart, Timeless Reflections about Work, Family, Health, and Spirit." Lett can be reached at (919) 258-9299 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Intellicig© began 2011 by installing specialised machinery to foil-seal ECOpure Refills, which increases their shelf-life and stability.
This new sealing technique was perfected following many months of intense development work and again illustrates Intellicig's commitment to the quality and, above all, the safety of our products.
In order to improve the quality of Intellicig and ECOpure Refills even further, all production has been centralised to Intellicig's laboratory at the UMIC Bioscience facility in Manchester, UK.
Recent Intellicig© developments include:
- Perfecting the foil-sealing of Refills to eliminate any possibility of leaking, extend product shelf-life, and to guarantee end users receive a clean, fresh product.
- Incorporating Glycerol that meets strict European Pharmacopoeia standards into the manufacturing process, in addition to the Ph. Eur. Nicotine already used.
- Establishing production of Rich-flavoured Refills, available in three Nicotine strengths, in our UK laboratory.


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It cannot get bigger than this! Sahara One Television brings alive the rivalry between the two neighbouring nations, India and Pakistan to the forefront albeit on a different battlefield. Get ready to be lead and judged by the best and your favourite singing celebrities on a show that will let people live this desire.
The sensational new reality show 'Sur-Kshetra' from the Sahara One stable will provide true blue singing talents from India and Pakistan with an opportunity to display their vocal talent and outperform their rivals. 'Sur-Kshetra' kick-starts from India with 6 city auditions and from Pakistan with 3 city auditions from December 24, 2011.
Noted singer-music director turned actor, Himesh Reshammiya, will captain the Indian team of singers while his counterpart singer turned actor from Pakistan, Atif Aslam will lead the team from across the border.
Commenting on this major launch for Sahara One, Mr. Boney Kapoor – Director, Sahara One Media and Entertainment Ltd said, "'Sur-Kshetra' is Sahara One's mega reality music show. Sahara One is growing consistently and to begin with what better than a show like 'Sur-Kshetra', with the best of singing talents from two arch-rival nations, India & Pakistan, competing against each other."


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OAK RIDGE, Jan. 9, 2014 -- Hans M. Christen of the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been named director of ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, one of the five DOE Nanoscale Science Research Centers.
Christen joined ORNL in 2000 and led the Thin Films and Nanostructures group from 2006 to 2013. In 2013, he became associate director within the Materials Science and Technology Division and has managed the DOE Materials Sciences & Engineering Program since 2011.
His research has focused on the effects of epitaxial strain, spatial confinement, and interfacial mechanisms on the properties of complex-oxide thin films, in particular ferromagnetic, ferroelectric and multiferroic perovskites. He has authored over 150 scientific publications and several patents, is a fellow of the American Physical Society, and has served on a number of National Science Foundation and DOE review panels.
Christen, a west Knoxville resident, received a doctorate in physics from the Ecole Polytechnique Federale, Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1994 for research performed at the IBM Zurich Research Lab.
The materials synthesis and characterization were supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at ORNL. CNMS is one of the five DOE Nanoscale Science Research Centers supported by the DOE Office of Science, premier national user facilities for interdisciplinary research at the nanoscale. Together the NSRCs comprise a suite of complementary facilities that provide researchers with state-of-the-art capabilities to fabricate, process, characterize and model nanoscale materials, and constitute the largest infrastructure investment of the National Nanotechnology Initiative. The NSRCs are located at DOE's Argonne, Brookhaven, Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge and Sandia and Los Alamos national laboratories. For more information about the DOE NSRCs, please visit http://science.energy.gov/bes/suf/user-facilities/nanoscale-science-research-centers/. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy's Office of Science.
UT-Battelle manages ORNL for the Department of Energy's Office of Science. DOE's Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit science.energy.gov <http://science.energy.gov/>.
We're always happy to get feedback from our users. Please use the Comments form to send us your comments, questions, and observations.
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The Panasonic FZ7/FZ8 Adapter Tube 52mm from Bower is a conversion adapter tube for Panasonic FZ7/FZ8 digital cameras. Auxiliary lenses and filters with 52mm thread can be attached to the camera using this adapter. Lightweight aluminum construction, seamless lens fit and a design geared towards optimum stability make this adapter tube a great asset to your camera. Enjoy the security of a lifetime warranty.
- Attaches auxiliary lenses
- Seamless lens fit
- Lightweight aluminum construction
- Designed for optimum stability
- Lifetime warranty
- For Panasonic FZ7/FZ8 cameras


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Kingsbrook supports local community, health and faith-based organizations through health fair facilitation, special event coordination and the provision of free educational seminars.
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A method for treating the lung during an acute episode of reversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease such as an asthma attack. The method comprises transferring energy to an airway wall of an airway such that a diameter of the airway is increased. The energy may be transferred to the airway wall prior to, during or after an asthma attack. The energy may be transferred in an amount sufficient to temporarily or permanently increase the diameter of the airway. The method may be performed while the airway is open, closed or partially closed.
1. A method for increasing a diameter of a temporary, reversible, and acutely constricted airway in a lung, the method comprising:
transferring a sufficient amount of energy to a wall of a temporary, reversible, and acutely constricted airway in a lung such that a diameter of the constricted airway increases.
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10. A method for treating a patient undergoing a temporary, reversible asthma attack, the method comprising:
transferring a sufficient amount of energy to a wall of a constricted airway in a lung to alter the airway wall in such a manner that a resistance to airflow of the constricted airway is decreased.
11. The method of
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This is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/117,905 filed Apr. 29, 2005 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/999,851 filed Oct. 25, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,027,869, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/296,040 filed Apr. 21, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,411,852, and is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/436,455, filed Nov. 8, 1999, and is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/535,856, filed Mar. 27, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,634,363, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/349,715, filed Jul. 8, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,488,673, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/003,750, filed Jan. 7, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,972,026. Each of the above references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
This invention relates to a method for treating a lung, and more particularly, to a method for treating a lung by applying energy to an airway wall to increase the diameter of the airway during an asthma attack.
Asthma is a serious chronic condition affecting an estimated 10 million Americans. Asthma is characterized by (i) bronchoconstriction, (ii) excessive mucus production, and (iii) inflammation and swelling of airways. These conditions cause widespread and variable airflow obstruction thereby making it difficult for the asthma sufferer to breathe. Asthma further includes acute episodes or attacks of additional airway narrowing via contraction of hyper-responsive airway smooth muscle. Other obstructive diseases such as COPD may also have a reversible component caused by one or more of the above mentioned three elements.
Asthma generally includes excessive mucus production in the bronchial tree. Usually, there is a general increase in bulk (hypertrophy) of the large bronchi and chronic inflammatory changes in the small airways. Excessive amounts of mucus are found in the airways and semisolid plugs of mucus may occlude some small bronchi. Also, the small airways are narrowed and show inflammatory changes. The reversible aspects of COPD include partial airway occlusion by excess secretions, and airway narrowing secondary to smooth muscle contraction, bronchial wall edema and inflammation of the airways.
In asthma, chronic inflammatory processes in the airway play a central role in increasing the resistance to airflow within the lungs. Many cells and cellular elements are involved in the inflammatory process, particularly mast cells, eosinophils T lymphocytes, neutrophils, epithelial cells, and even airway smooth muscle itself. The reactions of these cells result in an associated increase in the existing sensitivity and hyper-responsiveness of the airway smooth muscle cells that line the airways to the particular stimuli involved.
The chronic nature of asthma can also lead to remodeling of the airway wall (i.e., structural changes such as thickening or edema) which can further affect the function of the airway wall and influence airway hyper-responsiveness. Other physiologic changes associated with asthma include excess mucus production, and if the asthma is severe, mucus plugging, as well as ongoing epithelial denudation and repair. Epithelial denudation exposes the underlying tissue to substances that would not normally come in contact with them, further reinforcing the cycle of cellular damage and inflammatory response.
In susceptible individuals, asthma symptoms include recurrent episodes of shortness of breath (dyspnea), wheezing, chest tightness, and cough. Currently, asthma is managed by a combination of stimulus avoidance and pharmacology.
Stimulus avoidance is accomplished via systematic identification and minimization of contact with each type of stimuli. It may, however, be impractical and not always helpful to avoid all potential stimuli.
Asthma is managed pharmacologically by: (1) long term control through use of anti-inflammatories and long-acting bronchodilators and (2) short term management of acute exacerbations through use of short-acting bronchodilators. Both of these approaches require repeated and regular use of the prescribed drugs. High doses of corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drugs can have serious side effects that require careful management. In addition, some patients are resistant to steroid treatment. The difficulty involved in patient compliance with pharmacologic management and the difficulty of avoiding stimulus that triggers asthma are common barriers to successful asthma management. Thus, current management techniques are neither completely successful nor free from side effects.
In view of the foregoing, a non-pharmacological asthma treatment which does not rely on avoiding stimuli is desirable.
The invention is a method for treating-lung disease and in particular, a method for treating the lung during an acute episode of reversible obstructive pulmonary disease such as an asthma attack. One embodiment of the present invention includes a method for treating asthma comprising the step of transferring energy to an airway wall of an airway in a lung such that a diameter of the airway is increased. The energy may be transferred to the airway wall prior to, during or after an asthma attack. The energy may also be transferred in an amount sufficient to temporarily or permanently increase the effective diameter of the airway. The method may be performed while the airway is open, closed or partially closed.
In another embodiment of the invention, a method for treating asthma in a lung having a constricted airway comprises transferring energy to an airway wall of the constricted airway sufficient to open the airway. The energy transferred may be in an amount sufficient to permanently or temporarily open the constricted airway. The method may be performed to open a wholly constricted airway as well as a partly constricted airway.
In yet another variation of the invention, a method for treating lung disease comprises transferring energy to an airway wall to alter the airway wall in such a manner that a resistance to-airflow of the airway is decreased. The method may be performed by transferring energy to increase the caliber of the airway. The airway wall may also be altered by decreasing a thickness of the airway wall. The energy may be transferred to the airway wall during an asthma attack.
In another variation of the invention, the method comprises manipulating a distal portion of an energy delivery apparatus to a first location along the airway prior to applying the energy. The energy delivering apparatus can include a rounded tip sufficiently flexible such that when the tip encounters a closed or partially closed airway, trauma to the airway is minimized. The energy is then applied to a discrete location while the distal portion of the energy delivery apparatus is stationary. The distal portion can then be moved to a new location and the process repeated until a number of discrete locations have been treated. In an alternative, the method comprises moving the distal portion of the energy delivery apparatus from the first location and applying energy while the distal portion is being moved in the airway.
In another variation of the present invention, a method comprises transferring energy to or from an airway wall to treat a lung disease such as asthma. The method may be carried out by inserting into the airway an apparatus having a cryogenic tip or other cooling means capable of transferring energy from the tissue, resulting in a desired condition such as a larger diameter airway.
In yet another variation of the invention, a combination of the above discussed techniques are carried out such that at one time, energy is applied while the distal portion of the energy delivery device is being moved and at another time, energy is applied when the distal portion of the apparatus is stationary.
The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the various embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein:
This invention relates to methods for improving airflow through the airways of a lung having reversible obstructive pulmonary disease. In accordance with the invention an airway may be treated during an acute episode of reversible obstructive pulmonary disease such as an asthma attack. The invention comprises applying or transferring energy to an airway wall to increase the diameter of the airway or otherwise reduce resistance to airflow through the airway. The energy may be transferred in an amount sufficient to temporarily or permanently increase the diameter of the airway. Notably, the method may be performed while the airway is open, closed or partially closed. The inventive method thus can "rescue" an asthma sufferer during an acute asthma episode by increasing the diameter of a constricted airway.
Various airways are shown in
Application of energy to an airway wall can also reduce inflammation in the inner lung tissue. Reducing inflammation and edema of the tissue surrounding the airway can increase the diameter of an airway. Inflammation and edema (accumulation of fluid) of the airway are chronic features of asthma. The inflammation and edema can be reduced by application of energy to stimulate wound healing and regenerate normal tissue. Healing of the epithelium or sections of the epithelium experiencing ongoing denudation and renewal allows regeneration of healthy epithelium with less associated airway inflammation. The less inflamed airway has an increased airway diameter both at a resting state and in constriction. The wound healing can also deposit collagen which improves parenchymal tethering.
Application of energy to an airway wall can also inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators in the airway wall which may serve as a stimulus for airway smooth muscle contraction. Therapy that reduces the production and release of inflammatory mediators can reduce smooth muscle contraction, inflammation of the airways, and edema. Examples of inflammatory mediators are cytokines, chemokines, and histamine. The tissues which produce and release inflammatory mediators include airway smooth muscle, epithelium, and mast cells. Thus, treatment of these structures with energy can reduce the ability of the airway structures to produce or release inflammatory mediators. The reduction in released inflammatory mediators will reduce chronic inflammation, thereby increasing the airway inner diameter, and may also reduce hyper-responsiveness of the airway smooth muscle.
Application of energy to an airway wall can also increase the airway diameter by damaging nerve tissue in the airways. This follows because a resting tone of smooth muscle is nerve regulated by release of catecholamines. Thus, by damaging or eliminating nerve tissue in the airways the resting tone of the smooth muscle is reduced, and the airway diameter is increased.
Application of energy to the airways may cause other physiological responses which result in increased diameters. It is to be-understood, however, that the invention is not limited to a certain physiological response or process except where such a physiological response or process is a claim limitation in the appended claims.
As shown in
Another aspect of the present invention is to treat more than one location. Several to many locations (e.g., reference numerals 31, 34 and 38) in the airways may be treated in order to reduce asthmatic symptoms. This can be accomplished by manipulating or positioning the expandable basket at a target site in the airways, expanding the expandable basket such that the energy transfer elements (e.g., the basket legs) contact the airway wall, and then delivering energy to the airway wall. The expandable basket is preferably collapsed and moved to another location and the process is repeated. This technique for applying energy at discrete locations can be repeated as many times as necessary to treat the asthmatic symptoms.
The present invention also includes applying energy continuously along an airway as an expanded basket is moved along the airway. Specifically, the basket may be deployed, energized, and then moved along the airway continuously to continually transfer energy to or from the airway wall as the basket is moved axially along the airway. The above described methods may also be used in combination with one another.
An exemplary partial view of an energy delivering device which may be used to perform the invention is shown in
The invention may also include an atraumatic tip 200 to ensure that the invention does not injure airway tissue when it is placed into airways that are partially or completely closed. The tip may be formed of a flexible material and/or may be rounded to minimize trauma. Examples of energy delivering devices in accordance with the present invention are described in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/436,455 filed Nov. 8, 1999 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Other examples of devices and methods which may be used in accordance with the present invention are found in the following U.S. patent applications: Ser. No. 09/095,323—Methods and Apparatus for Treating Smooth Muscles in the Walls of Body Conduits; Ser. No. 09/349,715—Method of Increasing Gas Exchange of a Lung; and Ser. No. 09/296,040—Devices for Modification of Airways By Transfer of Energy. The entirety of each of the aforementioned applications is hereby incorporated by reference. Another suitable energy device is described in International patent application no PCT/US00/28745.
The energy delivery device may farther comprise a temperature detecting element. Examples of temperature detecting elements include thermocouples, infrared sensors, thermistors, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), or any other apparatus capable of detecting temperatures or changes in temperature. The temperature detecting element is preferably placed in proximity to the expandable member.
An intrinsic thermocouple junction configuration is safer than an extrinsic thermocouple junction because, in the event one of the thermocouple leads separates from a basket leg, the intrinsic thermocouple junction becomes "open" and no thermocouple signal is produced. In contrast, when an extrinsic thermocouple junction separates from a basket leg a signal continues to be produced. The signal of a detached extrinsic thermocouple junction can be misleading because although a temperature reading continues to be produced, the temperature reading does not reflect the temperature at the point where the basket leg contacts the subject tissue. Accordingly, an intrinsic thermocouple junction having two leads separately attached to a basket leg is preferred.
Various controllers may be used to carry out the invention. An example of an RF controller which may be used to carry out the invention is described in co-pending International Patent Application No. PCT (not yet assigned), entitled "CONTROL SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR APPLICATION OF ENERGY TO AIRWAY WALLS AND OTHER MEDIUMS" filed Oct. 17, 2001 incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The controller and power supply is configured to deliver enough energy to produce a desired effect in the lung. The power supply should also be configured to deliver the energy for a sufficient duration such that the effect persists. This may be accomplished by a time setting which may be entered into the power supply memory by a user.
The power supply or generator may also employ a number of algorithms to adjust energy delivery, to compensate for device failures (such as thermocouple detachment), to compensate for improper use (such as poor contact of the electrodes), and to compensate for tissue inhomogeneities which can affect energy delivery such as, for example, subsurface vessels, adjacent airways, or variations in connective tissue.
The power supply can also include circuitry for monitoring parameters of energy transfer: (for example, voltage, current, power, impedance, as well as temperature from the temperature sensing element), and use this information to control the amount of energy delivered. In the case of delivering RF energy, typical frequencies of the RF energy or RF power waveform are from 300 to 1750 kHz with 300 to 500 kHz or 450 to 475 being preferred. The RF power-level generally ranges from about 0-30 W but depends upon a number of factors such as the size and number of the electrodes. The controller may also be configured to independently and selectively apply energy to one or more of the basket leg electrodes.
A power supply may also include control modes for delivering energy safely and effectively. Energy may be delivered in open loop (power held constant) mode for a specific time duration. For example, a power setting of 8 to 30 Watts for up to 10 seconds is suitable and a power setting of 12 to 30 Watts for up to 5 seconds is preferred. For more permanent restructuring of the airways, a power setting of 8 to 15 Watts for 5 to 10 seconds is suitable. For mere temporary relief or enlargement of the airway, a power setting of 10 to 25 Watts for up to 3 seconds is suitable. With higher power settings, correspondingly lower time durations are preferred to limit collateral thermal damage.
Energy may also be delivered in temperature control mode, with output power varied to maintain a certain temperature for a specific time duration. For example, energy may be delivered for up to 20 seconds at a temperature of 55 to 80 degrees C., and more preferably, energy is delivered up to 10 seconds at a temperature in the range of 60 to 70 degrees C. For more permanent restructuring of the airways, energy is delivered for 5 to 10 seconds at a temperature in the range of 60 to 70 degrees C. For mere temporary relief or enlargement of the airway, energy is delivered for up to 5 seconds at a temperature of 55 to 80 degrees C. Additionally, the power supply may operate in impedance control mode.
The operator may start at low values of power, temperature and time, and treat until the desired effect (for example, airway diameter increasing or tissue blanching) is acutely observed, raising the power, temperature or time as needed.
Notably, the methods of the invention may be performed while the lung is experiencing natural symptoms of reversible obstructive pulmonary disease. One such example is where an individual, experiencing an asthma attack, or acute exacerbation of asthma or COPD, undergoes treatment to improve the individual's ability to breath. In such a case, the treatment provides immediate relief for (i.e., "rescues") the patient.
All of the features disclosed in the specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.
Each feature disclosed, in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
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It might make for interesting conversation down the road with some future military friends.
But Highland High School football lineman Nick Czar insists his decision to change his verbal commitment from Army to Navy included a lot of careful thought and research.
The 6-foot-4, 265-pound two-way starter originally committed to Army the summer before his junior season, then did an about-face this summer and has set sail for the Navy.
He took his time, spending a week at both military academies before making his final decision.
"They both had summer seminars where you get to live the life of a cadet for a week at West Post and you live the life of a midshipman for a week at Navy," said Czar, being recruited as a defensive end. "I just liked the people at Navy better, the brotherhood. I didn't have a problem with Army, but I liked what they had there at the Naval Academy.
"It just seemed like a good fit to me."
A two-way starter on the line for Highland, Czar had 52 tackles, two sacks and two fumble recoveries last season as the Bulldogs finished 11-1 overall and 5-0 in the Mississippi Valley Conference.
He also was a valuable member of one of the region's top offensive lines that included current Nebraska freshman Tanner Farmer.
Czar made the phone call himself to give Army the news.
"It was really hard," he said. "I had to call my recruiting coach and it was a tough call because we'd been keeping in contact for the past year. I like him a lot, but I just knew it was time to make that call."
Was there something particular about the Naval Academy, located in Annapolis, Md., that changed Czar's mind?
"I would say it was just the people there," he said. "I just really connected with them well. They seemed like a class act and it just seemed right.
"On top of the awesome brotherhood, the great education, they have a winning football team. It's very impressive."
Czar said there was also varying levels of interest from other Division I programs like Illinois, Missouri, Indiana and Purdue.
"They said if I did well there (at their camps) they would offer me, but I truly was not interested in going to one of those schools," Czar said. "I knew that a service academy was for me.
"Unlike my commitment to West Point a while ago I'm not looking at anywhere else. I've settled on Navy and I'm not keeping my options open."
Czar has a positive feeling about Highland's chances of repeating as MVC champs again this season.
He says he's also a different player.
"I'm a lot stronger now than I was last season," Czar said. "I play with a better pad level and I think my feet are quicker. My conditioning needs to be a lot better and I've been doing a lot of stuff on my own to make that happen."
No one is happier to end the recruiting journey than Czar.
"I finally don't have to worry about pleasing random coaches by saying 'I'm interested,''' he said. "I can enjoy my senior year."
Contact reporter Norm Sanders at 239-2454, email@example.com or follow him on Twitter: @NormSanders


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Posted at: 05/10/2013 3:43 PM
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) - The Minnesota Timberwolves have waived guard Brandon Roy, likely bringing an end to an All-Star career that was shortened by knee problems.
The Timberwolves announced the move Friday. Roy retired before last season due to knee issues, then attempted a comeback with the Timberwolves this season after going through a procedure that gave him hope that the chronic pain in his knees would be reduced.
But after a promising training camp, Roy's knee issues returned early in the regular season. He played just five games. The second season of the two-year contract Roy signed with the Wolves was not guaranteed, making his release inevitable.
The 28-year-old Roy was a three-time All-Star with the Portland Trail Blazers.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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You will find below information about airports in California. Use the links below to read detailed information about airports in California: locations, routes, live departures and arrivals etc.
Skyscanner allows you to find the cheapest flights from California (from hundreds of airlines including Southwest Airlines, United, American Airlines) without having to enter specific dates or even destinations, making it the best place to find cheap flights for your trip.
To book a cheap flight from California, choose from the list of flights from California below, or use the links at the side of the page to browse for more flight information. To start a new flight search, use the search controls above.
|Los Angeles International airport
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Jennifer F.
Crispin and I met in graduate school in May when studying to become physician assistants. We dated throughout school and graduated in August. Upon graduation, we were unable to find jobs in the same city, so we took jobs in cities that were four hours apart. We continued to date long distance and visited as often as our work schedules would allow.
The weekend before my birthday in April, I made a trip to visit Crispin, and he said he had a surprise for me. We got in the car and started driving, but he would not tell me where we were going. We started driving in a direction I wasn't familiar with and ended up at the Irving-House Vineyard, a local winery. He surprised me with a tour of the winery and then a wine tasting. It was such a beautiful day that we decided to purchase a bottle of the wine and sit out by the vineyard to enjoy the afternoon.
While we were enjoying the beautiful vineyard and gorgeous oak trees, Crispin got down on one knee and asked me to be his wife. Of course I said yes! Little did I know that the celebration was not yet over. Crispin arranged for a romantic dinner at my favorite restaurant. After dinner, we were joined by my brother, his girlfriend and my mom (who was visiting from Chicago) for some champagne. To finish off the evening, we went to a local rooftop bar where we were greeted by all of our friends. It was the perfect end to an amazing day!


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The Home Orchard: Growing Your Own Deciduous Fruit and Nut Trees
by Chuck Ingels
Chuck Ingels is the Sacramento County Farm Advisor and is the acknowledged authority on fruit and nut trees in California. This is our go-to book for any orchard questions. If you can buy only one book on the subject, this should be your choice.
Developed especially for backyard orchardists, rare fruit growers, and small scale producers. Focuses on methods that can be used by the hobbyist. A comprehensive look at standard practices as well as some unique practices developed by enthusiasts. The essential book for anyone growing fruit trees at home.
Softcover. 202 pages. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3485
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Join Hoppy as he discusses news and issues from around the state of West Virginia.
Your daily fix of Mountain State sports news from Tony and the crew.
From football and basketball to golf and wrestling, a mid-week look at high school athletics around West Virginia.
Travis Jones and Greg Hunter with a look back and look ahead in the world of sports.
Chris Lawrence takes aim at hunting and fishing issues in West Virginia.
Dave Weekley talks with experts and listeners about Sports, Cars, Tech and Lifestyle.
Get it now. Stay up to speed with timely WVU Sports information.
Hoppy Kercheval anchors this hour-long, fast moving, highly produced Mountaineer football pregame show.
Fred Persinger and the gang are here with final thoughts, phone calls, emails and texts on what the outcome means and what's next for WVU.
The only place to get HS Football information from all over WV.
You love the Herd? So do we! Get all the MU Sports info you can handle.
Start each day with this comprehensive WV news digest.
Hoops action from all over the state of West Virginia.
A weekly breakdown of high school football throughout the Mountain State.
Stay informed and improve with the best in the game.


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Everyone is waiting for the one-time $250 economic stimulus payment from Social Security. However, some seniors may have to give the money back! Social Security beneficiaries received notices last month that they soon will be getting a $250 check courtesy … Continue reading
Tag Archives | Stimulus Payments
Seniors may have to give back $250 stimulus payment
Watch out for Social Security stimulus scams!
Timegoesby has a post up about scams popping up to scam you out of your Social Security stimulus payments. Scam artists saw an opening and immediately began targeting consumers, including elders, to "help them qualify" for the payments. By email … Continue reading →
Social Security Stimulus: are children eligible?
I was recently asked if children who receive Social Security benefits are eligible for the one time $250 economic recovery stimulus payment. Originally, it looked like the answer was "no." When this article was written in March 2009, the SSA … Continue reading →
What is Social Security doing with the Economic Stimulus?
What is Social Security doing with its share of the economic stimulus? Building a huge data center, of course! Using a hefty down payment from the newly signed economic stimulus law, the Social Security Administration has embarked on a $750 … Continue reading →
Social Security stimulus payments coming in May
You may have already heard that part of the Obama's stimulus package is a one time payment to recipients of Social Security. The payment will be $250 and it was just revealed that everyone entitled to receive a payment should have … Continue reading →
Colorado Social Security Disability Help
The Stasiuk Firm fights for the disabled in Colorado. If you have been denied Social Security disability benefits, you need help from a lawyer you can trust. We work individually with each client to provide a personalized case strategy.
Request a free evaluation on your Colorado Social Security disability case TODAY.
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CCL Ranchi recruitment application form
Supervisory Grade-A and for that I have to submit application form but I dont know from where the application form is to be submit. If the CCL issues any notification for the post than provide me that link so I can gain the information.
Re: CCL Ranchi recruitment application form
CCL has a recruitment for the post of Accountant in Technical & Supervisory Grade-A. so you can submit the application form for this post at the given address
Dy. General Manager(NEE/R),
Central Coalfields Limited,
Darbhanga House, Ranchi-834029
For other details regarding to this recruitment, Im providing you an attachment which contains the information of this post. click on the below attachment:
Answered By StudyChaCha
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Re: CCL Ranchi recruitment application form
Re: CCL Ranchi recruitment application form
i am ITI in electretion trade non aprentis
my email id firstname.lastname@example.com.
please conform ricruitment
Re: CCL Ranchi recruitment application form
Central Coalfields Limited (CCL) has invited the applications for various posts which are mentioned below
Number of post: 1427 posts
Name of post:
Jr. Overman: 302 Posts
Mining Sirdar: 438 Posts
Overseer (Civil) – Females: 09 Posts
Dy.Surveyor (Mining): 34 Posts
Asst.Foreman (Elect.): 251 Posts
E.P.Electrician (Excv.)/ Technician: 74 Posts
Electrician (Non Excv.)/ Technician: 319 Posts
Age limit:
Your age must bein between 18 to 30 years as on 30/10/2013.
Relaxation will be given as per the government norms
Application fee:
-Unreserved candidates have to pay Rs. 100/-
-No fee for other candidates
Pay scale:
For post no 1 to 5: Basic pay of Rs. 19035/- pm
For post no 6 and 7: 689.65 per day
Selection procedure:
You will be selected on the basis of the written test and interview
Here I am uploading the application for the above posts
Important dates:
Last date for online application: 07/12/2013
Last date for receipt of form: 14/12/2013
The General Manager (Recruitment),
Recruitment Department,
2nd Floor, Damodar Building,
Central Coalfields Limited,
Darbhanga House,
Ranchi- 834029
Last edited by Sashwat; February 12th, 2014 at 09:38 AM.
Re: CCL Ranchi recruitment application form
here I am giving you process to the get the application form for the latest recruitment offered by the Central Coalfields Limited ranchi
==firstly go on the official website of Central Coalfields Limited ranchi
===then click on the people and career option given on the upper side of Home page
=== click on the online recruitment option so you will get details of current jobs offered by
==now the application form for current jobs are not available whenever it will published you can get it on that page .
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Why have FEMA? Alabama citizens show us spontaneous charity in actionBy
Natural disasters can literally destroy communities. We've seen this from Hurricane Katrina, the earthquake in Japan, the recent tornadoes in the South, and the current flooding of the Mississippi in Memphis. (Pray for my relatives in North Dakota; sandbags are keeping water from flooding their house on all four sides. They have to travel by boat instead of car because of the flooding of the Red River of the North.)
Because there is so much need of shelter, clothing and water for so many displaced families, it is thought that only the federal government can effectively rise to the occasion and meet these needs of all these people.
But Katrina changed all that. It opened our eyes to the incompetence of bureaucracy from the federal level ("Brownie") down to the municipal level (remember all the school buses that went unused?).
In contrast, Walmart and Home Depot mobilized immediately and performed some amazing acts of corporate citizenship, while FEMA was spinning their wheels:
"Between August 29 [when Katrina made landfall] and September 16," [Economist Steve Horwitz] reports, "Wal-Mart shipped almost 2,500 truckloads of merchandise to the affected areas and had drivers and trucks in place to ship relief supplies to community members and organizations wishing to help.
"Home Depot provided more than 800 truckloads worth of supplies to the hard-hit areas and also used buses to transport 1,000 employees from other areas into the region. Wal-Mart also provided a large amount of free merchandise, including prescription drugs, to those in the worst-hit areas of the Gulf Coast….
"Most importantly, Wal-Mart and Home Depot were able to get this assistance to the disaster areas almost immediately after the storm had passed, in comparison to the days—in some cases weeks—that residents waited for government agencies to provide relief."
And it's not just corporations who have responded to the call.
When tornadoes recently ravaged the city of Tuscaloosa (home of the University of Alabama), they found help from an unlikely source. Their chief rival: fans of Auburn University.
It all started with just a Facebook page called Toomers for Tuscaloosa. It's goal was simple: Get food, water and supplies to the people in need. Within 24 hours, their first shipment arrived. Someone needs diapers or baby food? They would coordinate donors and recipients with drop-off points via Facebook and Twitter.
Here's a typical message, posted just minutes ago:
"WE NEED TENTS IN HACKLEBURG!! Just got off the phone with my War Eagle Angel Marcy..COACH DON JONES FROM GUIN, AL needs tents for families in Hackleburg, AL. We need about 15-20 tents for families there before it rains. WHO CAN HELP THESE PEOPLE BEFORE THE RAIN COMES DOWN? PLEASE HELP."
No filling out federal forms. No waiting for FEMA trucks. Just real help, real fast.
Watch this segment from ESPN:
Contrast this inspiring and spontaneous call to action with the inept response of FEMA, which had to show they were doing something during Katrina so they just handed out $2,000 gift cards. Gee, how could that go wrong? Well, people were using them to buy liquor or to visit strip clubs.
If my town is in need, please don't send me FEMA. Send me some Toomers.
4 thoughts on "Why have FEMA? Alabama citizens show us spontaneous charity in action"
I lived in Alabama. The people are very gracious.
yup, we've lived all over the country & eventually moved back to the South for that very reason. The response in Alabama was what I expected.
Dear Joshua: Not to be partisan about this, but the failures in Katrina were 1) Bush's appointee "Brownie" and 2) Low quality public safety agencies. The salvation was the National Guard units from other states, one of our parishoners spent a month there with his Cal Guard Unit, the 82nd Airborne Division and the virtual takeover of rescue, recovery and relief operations by a regular army general. ~ Best regards, Greg
This is what Catholic Social Teaching and the principle of subsidiarity are really all about.


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MMA News
Pearson Doesn't Want TUF 15 Responsibilities To Stop Fighting Progress
"The show won't stop me fighting. I'm training every day and just waiting for the call from the UFC. If the UFC wants to wait to see the how the season plays out, fair enough. But I'm fit, I'm healthy and I'm in good shape. My weight is down and I'm feeling good. I'm good to go and I don't care who it is I fight next. I just want to fight. I would love to get back in, but if the UFC think it's too much to do the show and fight, we just need to see where I go."
Ross Pearson is currently helping his Alliance MMA teammate, Dominick Cruz coach "The Ultimate Fighter" Live on FX cast.
However, as he tells ESPN, he does not want his involvement with this seasons show to inhibit his ability to book a fight and return to action.
Pearson last fought in his featherweight debut against Junior Assuncao last December and he is apparently itching to get a fight booked.
Read More: Ross Pearson (News), UFC, The Ultimate Fighter Live
6 Responses to "Pearson Doesn't Want TUF 15 Responsibilities To Stop Fighting Progress"
Ross Pearson is my absolute favourite British fighter
Ross Pearson seems like a solid individual, and is probably the only British fighter that I give a single fuck about.
Dan Hardy is my favorite British fighter, but I didn't like Ross at first. He's growing on me though. But fighting, along with doing the show, is kind of a load to handle.
for what its worth… I like Hathaway
If Dana gave him more money to do TUF I bet he'd change his mind.
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Sara's Weeknight Meals
Renowned chef, television personality, magazine editor and cookbook author Sara Moulton brings her signature warmth and informative style to public television. Sara and her celebrity-chef friends share their ideas for flavorful, healthy meals with minimal fuss in fast-paced and engaging episodes feature=ing quick, delicious and routine-breaking entrees designed to inspire and empower home cooks.
Sara's Weeknight Meals Previous Broadcasts
Asian Flavors with Dale Talde (Episode #305H)
KQED 9: Sat, Feb 23, 2013 -- 2:30 PM
Top Chef contestant and Asian-American restaurateur Dale Talde shows Sara his secret sources in Chinatown for pulled noodles and other ingredients, then they come back to Sara's home kitchen to cook up Pad Thai with Oysters and Bacon and his signature dish, Angry Chicken, spiced like kim chee and marinated in yogurt with lots of potatoes to soak up the sauce.
I'm Cheating On You (Episode #304H)
KQED 9: Sat, Feb 9, 2013 -- 2:30 PM
How does Sara get great food on the table every night with no effort at all? She cheats! Lucky for you. she'll reveal all her tricks and secrets in this episode. She'll show you fast Sticky Buns without the yeast, a way to bake risotto instead of stirring it with Baked Risotto with Red Wine, Sweet Potatoes and Duck Confit and cheaters Wonton Ravioli stuffed with spinach, ricotta and mozzarella.
Italian, Philly Style with Marc Vetri (Episode #303H)
KQED 9: Sat, Feb 2, 2013 -- 2:30 PM
Sara and chef Marc Vetri plunge into Philadelphia's Italian Market to source the rustic ingredients his Philly eateries are known for. Back in Sara's kitchen, they make two weeknight friendly Italian dishes - Sal's Meatballs in Pizza Sauce and Spaghetti in Parchment with Clams and Scallions.


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POLL: Will you buy Star Trek XI on DVD or Blu-Ray?
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September 8 2009, 05:37 AM
Location: I will not allow you to lecture me about the merits of emotion
Re: POLL: Will you buy Star Trek XI on DVD or Blu-Ray?
I will be buying the Blu Ray. I will defentaly buy the movie on the very day of the release, I will waste no time on buying it! I'm anxious as it is for it to come out. I seen the movie 8 times, and I still want to see it again. So, I'm trying to wait patently for it to come out on Blu Ray. Just less than two months away and it will be here!
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WholeFoods Magazine SourceBook: The Natural Products Directory
NOW Foods launches NOW Superfruit Liquid Multi, which offers the fast absorption of nutritional liquids and the antioxidant protection of super fruits. The formula provides the blended support of 27 nutrients, core vitamins and minerals as well as eight antioxidant-rich superfruits, including organic açaí, organic blueberry and pomegranate extract.
Super Meshima from Mushroom Wisdom supports immune health by benefiting B-cells and T-lymphocytes as well as the activity of natural killer cells. Meshima mushroom grows on mulberry trees indigenous to "Women's Island" in Japan. Japanese and U.S. studies demonstrate its immune enhancing activity in maintaining breast health.
Keratin Booster is new from Reserveage Organics. The keratin is made with a unique process to ensure its bioavailability and the formula also contains biotin and resveratrol. Keratin and biotin benefit the nails, skin and hair, and resveratrol supports skin health, according to the company.
Kyolic 101 Stress & Fatigue Relief is available from Wakunaga of America. The supplement is a blend of Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract along with GABA and vitamins B12, B6 and B1. The product is said to enhance the body's ability to cope with emotional and mental stress along with contributing to higher energy levels and immune
Bluebonnet Nutrition introduces BCAAs Vcaps, which offer 3,000 mg per serving of vegetarian-sourced L-leucine, L-isoleucine and L-valine from Ajinomoto. The Vcaps are pharmaceutical grade in a 4:1:1 ratio "to support muscular health and repair in individuals engaged in strength exercise, such as bodybuilders, weekend warriors and other individuals with active lifestyles," says Bluebonnet.
There are many paths to the heart: The notion rings true both in love and dietary supplementation. There is a vast and growing block of products claiming to support cardiovascular health, in one fashion or another. The consumer must wade through a steady stream of targeted and often conflicting health claims to suit their given need, and they need all the help they can get from knowledgeable sources. This is where their friendly supplements retailer can step in, to guide them in one of the myriad approaches to a healthier heart through natural means.
Staring at the clock, pulling the cover over our heads and watching late-night TV with the hopes of drifting off to La-La Land. For those that routinely find themselves counting sheep into the wee hours of dawn, it might be time to consider supplements that support healthy sleep patterns.
Bone and joint care is one of those things many people don't think about until something hurts. But recently, some bone and joint topics have made national headlines, which might leave your shoppers with some unanswered questions about how best to maintain bone strength and joint mobility throughout life.
Pullman, WA—A recent study conducted at Washington State University shows that whey protein helps lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in young, pre-hypertension individuals. Often associated with physical fitness and muscle growth, whey protein appears to have additional applications for its effective abatement of hypertension in its early stages.
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