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Considering hair styling, what could be more natural than simply combing or brushing hair? Or setting hair after shampooing and conditioning so that it dries in the desired style? In the latter case, wet hair is more flexible and deformable due to the hydrogen bonding of absorbed water with amino acids in the keratin protein fibers of the hair cortex. These bonds supplant the intermolecular bonds within the keratin itself, giving wet hair a malleability that allows simple styling without the need for styling additives. However, this hold is not very durable, especially in high humidity. The set relaxation time of simple water-styled coiffures depends on the relative humidity of the environment since it re-plasticizes the hair keratin. Hair care researchers have even devised mathematical formulas to define the process of curl set relaxation, which could be used to evaluate ingredients and formulations.
While water-set, comb-and-go hair styling is enough for some, many consumers want something more substantial. The style they worked hard to achieve should last until they touch-up or restyle hair. This is one performance property required in a styling product. Common hair styling aids to help hold hair in place encompass a wide range of products; from polymer solutions delivered as simple liquid or foamed into mousse, to gels of varying viscosities and film stiffnesses. The essential elements of a natural hair styling liquid or gel are: a film-forming substance to keep hair in place, and a base to deliver it. This base may be as simple as thickened water or as complex as a gel or cream.
Hair Hold Technologies
Within the last few decades of hair polymer advances, a veritable avalanche of ingredients to hold hair has been invented. Now available to choose from are more than 100 polyquaterniums, and dozens of vinyl pyrollidone, vinyl acetate, acrylate and other copolymers; terpolymers; and more complex polymers for hair styling. However, under the guidelines of major "natural" certifying groups—i.e., NSF/ANSI 305, Ecocert, COSMOS, NPA and NaTrue—all of these synthetic polymers would likely be unacceptable. Thus, the natural hair care formulator must look elsewhere for materials with which to work.
In this regard, manufacturers and their product development teams often look to a major U.S. retailer in this mass-market space: Whole Foods, whose strict standards reflect the guidelines of the major certifying groups but do not follow them exactly. Table 1 reveals some differences between ingredients that are acceptable for simple placement in the store and, in a more elite category, that fall under the stricter Premium Body Care banner closer to the natural certifiers' standards. Here it becomes clear that many conventional styling aids could be found simply placed on Whole Foods shelves, but many traditional synthetic polymers, such as carbomer for gel formation and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for hold, do not meet the Premium Body Care standard.
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guys r not allow to go to gals canteen after 7pm
sleep in class?..depends on ur own study method
bt rmb
u r the one tat is responsible for ur life
after study time u can do anything u wan ^^
guys r not allow to go to gals canteen after 7pm
sleep in class?..depends on ur own study method
bt rmb
u r the one tat is responsible for ur life
after study time u can do anything u wan ^^
Last edited by shuang_W; 26-04-2010 at 07:15 PM. Reason: Automerged Doublepost
~ luck is when talent meets opportunity !~
hi there, I got KMS too. I'm a Penangite..
My dad keeps asking me this, but I haven't received the letter yet..
Is there any bank in the college? If yes, which bank is it? CIMB?
Real life: messy, awkward, unpromising, disappointing, dangerous, unknown,.... But isn't it good to be alive?
Dream big, stay alive!
~A life lived for others is a life worthwhile~ Albert Einstein
Live your life to the fullest, for yourself and for those around you.
some colleges hav BSN
bt some is bank rakyat..
bt they ll state in the letter..
did they ask u to open a bank rakyat acc?
if no..then it means they provide BSN atm in there..
bt no worry..10 mins journey from the college to banting town..
u ll see public bank, agro bank, maybank, CIMB bank, bank rakyat, BSN, ambank..
all along the same banting main street ^^
~ luck is when talent meets opportunity !~
Hey, i've got offered to KMS too.
Although a tear may be ever so near,
That's the time you must keep on trying.
Smile-Charlie Chaplin
why i havent get my letter yet??? anyone here havent receive the letter as well??
hahaa..thx 4 d info..i got KMS too..guess it no so bad after all.
my aunty will be 1 of the lecturers. she said only straight a's student were selected 2 this college [dunno whther its true o not] guess we are the creme de la creme lahh..ahakz
but im still yearning 2 get scholarship to study overseas.
waiting 4 jpa 2 come out...haahhhh..feels like forever~~!!
i jz got it today..27th apr.
Last edited by mambojumbo; 27-04-2010 at 04:21 PM. Reason: Automerged Doublepost

subset: commoncrawl


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Posted at: 03/20/2013 4:20 PM
Updated at: 03/20/2013 6:44 PM
(ABC 6 NEWS) -- It wasn't easy, but the Austin Packers got the job done.
Joe Aase had 20 points and Ajuda Nywesh chipped in 15 to lead the Packers to a 59-56 win over Blake in the Class 3A quarterfinals Wednesday.
After Austin jumped out to an early lead, the Bears responded and led by seven at halftime.
The Packers slowly caught up in the second half, and Nywesh's two free throws with 2:28 left gave Austin the lead for good.
Austin plays the winner of Grand Rapids-Marshall tomorrow at 2 p.m. at Target Center.


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Kreator -- San Francisco, CA -- March 21st, 2010
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Now I am become Death. The destroyer of worlds.
Join Date: Mar 2010
Location: Seattle-ish
Posts: 1,028
I was so glad Seattle was the start of the 2nd half of the tour with Kataklysm. I have to say at my show I didn't mind the Lightning swords of death, although the 30 minutes or so that they played was enough of their style for me.
For anyone that is interested I believe the Kataklysm set was something like this. The only song I don't remember if they played or not was Bound in Chains, but I believe they did. All the other songs they did play. I didn't write down the set so THESE ARE NOT IN ORDER.
Like Angels Weeping (The Dark)
The Ambassador of Pain
It Turns to Rust (Said they had never played it in the U.S. before...)
Blood On The Swans
As I Slither
In Shadows and Dust
Crippled & Broken
Bound in Chains (I think)
Let Them Burn
Blood in Heaven
BTW, you didn't get to see Lazarus A.D. at your show?
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Quick Search
1971 Volkswagen Westfalia
1971 Volkswagen VW Westfalia Pop Up Camper Bus. Just tuned up. New Brakes. Runs Great. Minor superficial rust. Interior needs to be redone.
... $7,500
1972 Volkswagen Westfalia
1972 Westfalia Type2 Camper Pop-Top Bus. It has Volkswagen's 4CL Engine w/Dual Carbs and it Runs & Drives Great.It has a External Oil Cooler Kit that is attached on the
... $7,000


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The Scott Aspect 20 2012 Mountain Bike has a durable 6061 alloy frame with comfortable, proven geometry. It's a great bike for the novice and budget conscious mountain biker.
The Scott Aspect 20 2012 Mountain Bike has a durable 6061 alloy frame with comfortable, proven geometry. It's a great bike for the novice and budget conscious mountain biker.
- Frame:
Aspect Alloy 6061, DB, performance geometry, integrated headtube
- Fork:
Suntour XCR with lockout, 100mm travel
- Front Derailleur:
Shimano Alivio
- Rear Derailleur:
Shimano Deore
- Number of Gears:
- Shifters:
Shimano Alivio Rapidfire Plus 2
- Chainset:
Shimano M430
- Chainrings:
44/32/22 tooth
- Bottom Bracket:
Shimano ES25
- Cassette:
Shimano HG50 11-32 tooth 9-speed
- Chain:
- Pedals:
Wellgo C128
- Front Brake:
Shimano M446 Hydraulic Disc
- Rear Brake:
Shimano M446 Hydraulic Disc
- Brake Levers:
Shimano M445
- Handlebars:
Scott Aspect OS, 15mm rise, 8 degree backsweep, 640mm
- Stem:
Scott Comp JD-ST57A
- Headset:
Ritchey Logic OE Integrated
- Rims:
Alex XC44 Disc
- Front Hub:
Scott Disc Team CL
- Rear Hub:
Shimano RM35 CL
- Spokes:
15 G, stainless black
- Front Tyre:
Schwalbe Black Jack, 26×2.1
- Rear Tyre:
Schwalbe Black Jack, 26×2.1
- Saddle:
Scott Aspect
- Seatpost:
Scott Comp
- Weight:
Not Specified
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Sizing guide for mountain bikes
Geometry data for Scott Aspect bikes
Sizing guide for Scott Aspect bikes
Buying Guides
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Product manual for Scott bikes
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Children will have plenty of opportunities to develop their athletic skills. Youth Sports offers a wide variety of team sports programs for boys and girls of various ages including basketball, baseball, soccer, NFL Flag Football and cheerleading. Player registration periods and skill assessments are conducted prior to each sports season. All participants must have a current physical and be registered with CYSS.
Coaching staff and volunteers are CYSS trained and certified and have completed a thorough background check.


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Holiday season bringing out the best in Central Carolina
With the news of the "Fiscal Cliff" taking center stage in our national news, it's nice to hear of the "good news" that often goes overlooked.
Take, for example, the photograph in Wednesday's Herald of Boy Scout Troop 941 from First Baptist Church. The group spent about four hours cleaning up around the Endor Iron Furnace on Saturday.
It's a project that had to be done by hand and using small tools — certainly not an enviable chore.
Bob Brickhouse represented the Railroad House Museum for the Scout project. Others involved included Spencer Magee, Michael Petrie, Christian Johns, Mason Magee, Wyatt Garner, Alex Marine, Austin Johns, Robert Petrie, Brad Johns, Jason Hector, John Crumpton and Michael Crumpton.
That's just one example of the abundant giving spirit within our community this holiday season. Many of you have donated your time, manning the Salvation Army kettles, purchasing gifts for area angel trees as part of the Salvation Army's "Joy" program, and doing kind deeds to help the less fortunate.
If you're in a giving spirit this Christmas, there are plenty of ways to help — including financially to many worthy causes and nonprofits. That giving Christmas spirit certainly is alive and well here in Central Carolina.
To those of you who have opened your kind hearts to helping others, may the joy of Christmas be with you today and forevermore.


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Accommodations near The Hangout are provided below sorted by distance (closest at the top). Use our search tools to find cheap hotel rates near The Hangout (in Gulf Shores AL) for your leisure or corporate travels.
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This oiled bronze chandelier is a wonderful blend of extravagance and elegance.
The Vesta collection of lighting fixtures boasts exquisite designs with gracefully curving frames and elegant scrolling accents. This eight light oiled bronze chandelier dazzles with candelabra style lights and stunning crystal droplets. Design by Quorum.
Our associates are standing by to assist you.


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Hi, I've made a basic teleport script for my game, and I'd like to use the teleporting "portals" as a magic spell in my game (create one, then create another somewhere further to be able to go back and forth instantly).
Here is my code for the teleporters:
This works just fine by dragging the first portal prefab to other's destination in the inspector, and vice versa. However, for my magic spell, I need to instantiate the two portals. For the instantiated clones however, the destination variables of the Teleporter script are not assigned, and they won't work, of course. Just to be clear, here's a video of the problem: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfcUxn9DipM&feature=youtu.be
How would I go about adding the variables to the clones? There would only be two of these at the time to go back and forth with. Here's the script I'm currently using to instantiate the portals (it's in Javascript, but I guess that shouldn't affect anything..?):
Any help would be appreciated, either Javascript or C# :)
asked Jan 07, 2012 at 03:46 AM
add new comment (comments are locked)
You should be use either C# or Javascript for both of these scripts. The two languages don't like to communicate with one another, which means that you won't be able to extract a 'Teleporter' reference from the instantiated objects the way you need to! The ability to translate between the languages will be very useful to you, if you learn it.
In any case, to 'link' the portals the way you want to, you need to use GetComponent or instantiate casting on the newly created instances.
This way, the two teleporters will automatically link to each other when they have both been created!
answered Jan 07, 2012 at 03:53 AM
Hi, this works better than my script in a way that in a way that if I already have the two portals on the scene and instantiate a new one, the new one teleports to the corresponding one that's already there. If I delete the ones from the scene and instantiate new ones however, I get
"NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object Teleporter.OnTriggerEnter (UnityEngine.Collider c) (at Assets/My_Assets/Scripts/Teleporter.cs:14)"
And there's "none" in the inspector in the destination slot..
Jan 07, 2012 at 07:30 AM Yanneyanen
Well, that's not a problem with my script. You should add a few lines into the Teleporter script, which check to make sure that 'destination != null' before attempting to teleport. If the destination is null, you could change the special effect on the teleporter object to reflect the fact that it does not have a valid destination!
Jan 07, 2012 at 07:38 AM syclamoth
Would you mind explaining how to do this? What does that mean exactly? It checks if the other portal is there to teleport to? Sorry, I'm still fairly new to scripting. I really appreciate the help.
Jan 07, 2012 at 07:52 AM Yanneyanen
Sorry for the slow reply, I didn't see your post.
Jan 11, 2012 at 06:44 AM syclamoth
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A molecule selective sensor having two permeable membranes in contacting relationship with each other, one membrane being a protein membrane found in nature, as for example, hog intestine membrane, air bladder of fish, epidermal section of mammals and reptiles, etc. and the other membrane being the reaction product of acrylamide, polyvinylalcohol, an enzyme, bovine albumin and glutaric aldehyde.
1. A process for producing an enzymatically active membrane which consists in mixing together 1-20 weight percent of acrylamide, 1-20 weight percent of polyvinylalcohol, 0.01-10 weight percent of bovine albumin, 0.0001-5 weight percent of an enzyme, 0.1-5 weight percent of glutaric aldehyde, a polymerization initiating amount of potassium persulfate and the remainder to 100 weight percent of distilled water, spreading the mixture on a protein membrane found in nature to form a thin sheet and allowing the mixture to react for 12 hours at room temperature.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mixture contains in addition 0.1-5 weight percent of N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide.
3. A hollow molecule-selective sensor having a sensing electrode and a reference electrode and two permeable membranes in contacting relationship with each other, one of said membranes being a protein membrane found in nature and the other of said membranes being a self-supporting enzymatically active membrane prepared according to the process of claim 1.
4. A sensor as claimed in claim 3 wherein the said protein membrane found in nature is selected from the group consisting of hog intestine membrane, air bladder of fish, epidermal section of a mammal, epidermal section of a reptile and corneal section.
5. A sensor as claimed in 3 wherein the self-supporting enzymatically active membrane comprises two or more enzymes.
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 49,334, filed June 18, 1979 and now abandoned.
The invention relates to an industrial selective electroanalytical sensor, which is suitable for the selective analysis of ions and compounds e.g. dichlorphenols, cyanides, mercuric (HgII) ions dissolved in liquids e.g. industrial sewages, and it relates to the procedure for the preparation of molecule selective electroanalytical sensors.
Among the molecule selective electroanalytical sensors, the so called enzyme electrodes are well known, which are suitable for the determination of the concentration of compounds dissolved in liquid samples.
The literature (P. L. Baley: Analysis with selective electrodes, Heyden and Son Ltd. London 1976, Nagy C., Pungor, E.: Hung. Sci. Instr. 32, 1-10/1975/) discusses in details the electrochemical behaviour and the application of the molecule selective sensors. It is a common property of the known molecule selective sensors which can be considered as electroanalytical measuring cells that their electrode body holding an ion selective or metal sensing electrode and a reference electrode are placed in a tubular body containing electrolyte solution. The end of this tubular body on the side of the sensing electrode is closed by a gas or dissolved material permeable film e.g. dialysis membrane, which is in contact with a layer containing selective and action specific catalyst for the component to be determined; physically or chemically immobilized enzyme, so called reaction layer e.g. polyacrylamide-gel layer; or in turn with: gas or gas and dissolved component permeable film e.g. cellophane film, with solution-layer containing selective enzyme in suspension, as reaction layer; gas or gas and dissolved component permeable film e.g. cellophane film.
A Hungarian patent is also known (No. 7577 1978) in the case of which the reaction layer is a protein based natural membrane containing enzyme immobilized with chemical bond.
The known molecule selective sensors operates that way, that the component to be determined, the so called substrate, e.g. glucose molecules, and in given case the reagent e.g. oxygen molecules, enter by diffusion into the reaction layer containing selective enzyme as a reaction specific catalyst e.g. glucose-oxidase, and there produce a chemical reaction. The sensing electrode gives a signal which is in a well defined relationship with the concentration or activity of one or other component taking part in the reaction or produced in it. The local value of the mentioned concentration or activity--if all other important parameters remain constant--depends on the reaction rate which is in a well defined dependence with the concentration of the substrate. This way measuring the electric current intensity or cell voltage signal given by the enzyme electrode at steady-state conditions the sample concentration value directly can be determined.
The preparation of known molecule selective sensors is a circuitous, time consuming procedure and requires special training and knowledge and it is also only more or less reproducible in spite of the fact, that there are available a very large number of different methods for solving the problem of enzyme immobilisation. (O. R. Zaborsky: Immobilized Enzymes, CRC. Press. Cleveland, Ohio 1974).
The most disadvantageous property of the sensors is their short life time, which is related to the unfavourable construction and formation of the reaction layer.
Another drawback is that the sensor or the enzyme containing gel-layers must be stored at low temperature e.g. -1° . . . +2° C. to prolong their activity.
The known electrodes are easily damaged, their mechanical stability is slight and their response time is long e.g. 2 to 8 minutes, all of which hinder their application in laboratory and mainly in industrial use.
It is an advantage of the sensor in accordance with the invention that it eliminates the enzyme action inhibiting effect caused by the silver ions coming from the reference electrode.
The object of the invention is to provide an industrial molecule selective sensor which can be prepared simply without special knowledge in a short time, in a reproducible way; which further has high mechanical stability, the life time of which is several times higher than that of the known sensors e.g. 1 year, and the response time of which is short e.g. 40 . . . 60 seconds.
The invention is based on that discovery that an improved sensor can be prepared in that its reaction layer is formed on protein based natural film which is found in nature e.g. intestinal membrane, or on synthetic e.g. polypropylene film; or in a net made of protein like material e.g. silk net; or in a synthetic net e.g. polyester net used as carrier; from a net in the net structured membrane containing covalently bound carrier free enzyme catalyst or catalysts being with the latters in chemical or physical bond. The net in the net structured membrane is basically a cross linked synthetic e.g. polyacrilamide, or polyvinylchloride film, in the inert cross linked net of which an active cross linked net consisted of inert protein and or enzyme molecules takes place.
The stability of the sensor according to the invention is excellent owing to its structure, further on to the similar to the enzymes chemical properties and good mechanical stability of the carrier materials, and to the condition of the enzyme being linked with physical or chemical bonds to the carrier. The chemical resistance and stability of the enzymes immobilized in the described way in the membrane is similarly excellent--accordingly the sensor is capable to function for long time, being out of use--in given case even at room temperature--it can be stored for long time e.g. one year without noticeable change of its activity. The physical chemical properties of enzymes included in the net in the net structured reaction layer also are advantageously changed in that they are active over a larger pH range than the native enzymes themselves.
It is a further advantage of the membrane according to the invention that its solidity, and the concentration of the immobilized enzymes in it, can be varied at will.
The water-, gas-, and ion permeability of the natural based membranes used as carriers (air bladder of fish, epidermis section of mammals or reptiles, intestinal membrane or cornea of certain animal species) is ideal from a measuring point of view. It is a further useful property of them, that beside providing the permeability for gases, or ions playing role as reagent or reaction product, they behave as an impermeable barrier to compounds of high molecular weight which may interfere with the measurement. These can be the substrate itself or other components in the sample.
The sensor in accordance with the invention can be prepared also as a reaction layer wherein a membrane is used which contains two or more different reaction layers or which is made of two or more different enzyme containing membranes disposed one over the other.
In this arrangement each membrane surface contains different enzymes in immobilized form. In case of the selective β-glucoside sensor the membrane surface contacting the sample contains β-glucosidase enzyme while the membrane at the side of the sensing electrode contains glucose oxidase. The enzyme on the first membrane, the β-glucosidase catalyses a hydrolysis reaction between the component to be determined, that is β-glucoside (e.g. amygdaline, or salicine) and water, one of the products of which is glucose. The glucose oxidase enzyme on the other membrane catalyses the reaction between the produced glucose and oxygen. The oxygen provides on the sensing electrode located behind the membranes a measuring signal proportional to its concentration.
The signal proportional to the decrease in oxygen concentration is proportional to the concentration of the component to be determined.
Using this arrangement measuring technical simplifications and increase of selectivity can be achieved; also components can also be determined which don't give in a one step enzyme reaction an electroanalytically well determinable product, or change in the concentration or activity of a detectable species.
The sensor of the invention can be constructed also such that in discrete areas of the reaction layer forming membrane, or natural structured film, different kinds of enzymes are immobilized in statistically homogeneous distribution and to these discrete areas are attached one or more sensing electrodes. This arrangement enables to prepare multifunction molecule selective sensors without increase of the dimensions, whereby the analysis of more components can be accomplished simultaneously in the same sample, or by measuring simultaneously the concentration of components interfering with the measurements their effect can be accounted automatically or manually.
In other variations of the invention to further protect against mechanical effects and to further increase the mechanical stability of the reaction layer inert plastic net or tissue is placed in contact with the membrane. In other versions--to achieve very short response time--in the surface layer of one side of the membrane gas permeable or ion exchanger type layer is formed by cross linkage after an impregnation process.
The molecule selective sensors of the invention can be prepared so that solution of monomer or polymers e.g. acrylamide capable to form inert cross linked net and or that of polyvinylalcohol is mixed with the buffered solution of the inert protein capable to form active cross linked net and or the solution of enzyme e.g. serum protein and glucose oxidase. Into the solution mixture is further added bifunctional cross linking agent e.g. N,N'-methylene-bis acrylamide and glutaric aldehyde, initiator e.g. persulphate ions, and additives e.g. ferrosulphate and glycerin. The solution mixture is spread on protein based natural membrane e.g. on intestinal membrane or on plastic e.g. polypropylene film placed on smooth surface or on tissue net e.g. silk net, or on inert plastic net e.g. nylon net or on the smooth surfaced object itself. After the cross linking and the drying processes of the solution mixture the formed self-supporting membranes are separated from the smooth surfaced object and placed in a bath of distilled water where any soluble components are dissolved out. The membranes are then ready for use.
The prepared membrane together with the gas or dissolved component permeable film is placed on the covering body of the sensor, the sensing and the reference electrode are immersed in the electrolyte solution and the surface of the sensing electrode in the immediate vicinity of the membrane. The electrodes are attached and the sensor is then in condition for use.
FIG. 1 diagramatically shows an open bottomed sensor according to the present invention and described in greater detail in Example 1.
FIG. 2 illustrates diagramatically a similar sensor as in FIG. 1 with the addition of a disc shaped insulating layer in the bottom of the container and affixed to the sensing electrode to avoid undue movement. A more detailed description of this drawing is provided in Example 2.
The end of covering body 1 is closed with gas permeable polypropylene film 6 being in contact with the sensing electrode 4.
Membrane 7--which is constructed from active net containing albumin and glucose oxidase enzyme (E.C. 22.214.171.124. ) cross linked with glutaric aldehyde and placed in inert net of polyvinylalcohol cross linked with N,N'-methylene bis-acrylamide chemically bound to commercial hog intestinal membrane--is in contact with gas permeable film 6. Gas permeable film 6 and membrane 7 are fixed to the covering body 1 by rubber ring 8. The other end of covering body 1 is closed by electrode cap 9.
Cable 10 contacted with sensing electrode 4 and reference electrode 5 is connected to the inputs of polarizing power source and current intensity measuring circuit.
The preparation of the glucose selective sensor is made in the following way: A given part of salted, commercially available hog intestinal membrane is soaked in distilled water for 10 . . . 15 minutes. The swollen membrane together with 15μ thick gas permeable polypropylene membrane is fixed in stretched out state on the end of the covering body of the sensor. (The polypropylene membrane must be on the side of the cave of covering body.) The membrane is allowed to dry for 20 minutes.
80 mg. bovine albumin, 80 mg. glucose oxidase (SIGMA Chemical Company, Type II) and 100 mg. N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide are weighed into a beaker and is dissolved shaking in 5 ml pH=7.08 buffer solution. 2.97 g. of 10% (w/w) polyvinyl alcohol is weighed in another beaker. After this, 0.3 g. glycerin is added into the solution being in the first beaker, while into the solution of the other beaker 100 μl of 25% glutaraldehyde solution, 100 μl of 5% freshly prepared ferrosulfate solution are added. Both are mixed, after that the two solutions are unified and mixed again. 2 . . . 3 mg. potassium persulfate is added to the mixture, it is homogenized and 40 μl or 2 ml. of it is spread on 8 cm2 surface area respectively of the hog intestinal membrane, or smooth surfaced plastic sheet, or polypropylene membrane. After a rest at room temperature for 12 hours the soluble non-immobilized enzyme and glutaraldehyde excess is removed from the membranes being on the end of the covering body or being separated from the plastic surface by washing them with distilled water.
The membrane prepared this way, contains immobilized glucose oxidase and is ready for measuring or storage.
After preparing the active membrane the platinum sensing electrode placed in carrier body in the said way is prepared, or conditioned. The measuring surface of the sensing electrode is soaked in 6 moles/dm3 nitric acid dropped on glass plate surface for 2 to 3 minutes.
The nitric acid is rinsed with distilled water. After the rinsing the sensing electrode is ready for use. (The washing with nitric acid must be repeated every 2 to 3 weeks during the measurements.)
After the preparatory procedures the glucose selective sensor is put together according to FIG. 1, and it is connected to the polarizing power source and galvanometer unit.
The determination of the unknown sample concentration can be done using calibration curve or addition method. In the following an advantageous version of the addition method the serial sample addition method is described.
It has been concluded that between the measured decrease in current intensity (Δi) and the glucose concentration of the solution (c) the following relationship exists: ##EQU1## where
v is the maximal reaction rate
K the Michaelis constant of the enzyme substrate complex
k rate constant.
Measuring the current decrease in two solutions of known glucose concentration the values v and k valid for the given circumstances are determined, on the basis of which the concentration of the solution containing the n-th sample can be calculated from the measured current intensity decrease according to the followings: ##EQU2##
On the basis of equation (2) the concentration of the sample is: ##EQU3## where
an is the volume of the n-th sample
Va the volume of the solution after the addition of the standards.
Other molecule selective sensors also can be prepared according to the method of the Example.
In table 1 further examples are shown.
The first column of the table gives the molecule, selectively measurable with the sensor; the second column lists the enzyme immobilized in the membrane in contact with the gas permeable film while in the third column the type of the sensing electrode is given.
TABLE 1______________________________________Component to be Immobilized Sensingdetermined enzyme electrode______________________________________uric acid uricase Platinum E.C.188.8.131.52.cholesterine cholesterine oxidase " E.C.126.96.36.199.L-amino acid L-amino acid oxidase " E.C.18.104.22.168.D-amino acid D-amino acid oxidase " E.C.220.127.116.11.D-galactose Galactose oxidase " E.C.22.214.171.124.sulfite sulfite oxidase " E.C.22.214.171.124.oxalate xanthyne oxidase platinum E.C.188.8.131.52.xanthyne xanthyne oxidase " E.C.184.108.40.206.o-diphenol o-diphenol oxidase " E.C.126.96.36.199.p-diphenol p-diphenol oxidase " E.C.22.214.171.124.hydrogenperoxide catalase " E.C.184.108.40.206.lactate lactate oxidase " E.C.220.127.116.11.piruvate piruvate oxidase " E.C.220.127.116.11.alcohol alcohol oxidase " E.C.220.127.116.11.3.L-phenylalanine phenylalaninase " E.C.22.214.171.124.2-oxocarbonic acid piruvate hydrogen ion decarboxylase selective E.C.188.8.131.52. electrode e.g. glass electrodeoxalic acetate oxalic acetate hydrogen ion decarboxylase selective E.C.220.127.116.11. electrode e.g. glass electrodeacetoacetic acid acetoacetate hydrogen ion decarboxylase selective E.C.184.108.40.206. electrode e.g. glass electrodeL-valine valine hydrogen ion decarboxylase selective E.C.18.104.22.168. electrode e.g. glass electrodeL-glutamate glutamate de- hydrogen ion carboxylase selective E.C.220.127.116.11. electrode e.g. glass electrodeL-ornithine ornithine de- hydrogen ion carboxylase selective E.C.220.127.116.11. electrode e.g. glass electrodeL-lysine lysine decarboxylase hydrogen ion E.C.184.108.40.206. selective electrode e.g. glass electrodepenicilline β-lactamase I hydrogen ion E.C.220.127.116.11. selective electrode e.g. glass electrode______________________________________
FIG. 2 shows--partly intersected--the form prepared according to the example of the urea-selective sensor of the invention. Inside covering body 1 is placed electrolyte solution 2 containing chloride ions, in which are immersed sensing electrode 4 and silver-silver chloride reference electrode 5 disc shaped insulating layer 11 fixes sensing electrode 4 in the end of covering body 1 with a bonding impermeable for the electrolyte solution 2; membrane 7 which contains immobilized urease enzyme (E.C.188.8.131.52.) silk or plastic net, or which is free of carier net in the net structure, is in contact with the covering body 1. The self-supporting membrane 7 is fixed to the covering body with rubber ring 8. Inside the wall of covering body 1 filter layer 12, e.g. ceramic bar permeable for electrolyte 2 is placed. The other side of covering body 1 is closed with plastic electrode cup 9. Cable 10 connected to sensing electrode 4 and reference electrode 5 is in connection with the inputs of electronic voltage measuring apparatus.
The preparation of the reaction layer of the urea selective sensor is done as it is given in description of Example 1. Differences are that in the membrane urease enzyme (E.C.126.96.36.199.) is immobilized and instead of hog intestinal membrane silk or nylon net is used. The sensor is assembled in a manner shown in FIG. 2. The determination of the concentration of the component to be measured can be accomplished using cell voltage--concentration calibration curve or using addition method in the well known way.
Different other molecule selective sensors of the Example 2 also can be accomplished. In Table 2 are given a few further example summarized. In the first column of the table the molecule, selectively measurable with the sensor is given, in the other column the enzyme immobilized in the membrane is listed while in the third one the type of the sensing electrode to be used is given.
TABLE 2______________________________________Component to be Immobilized Sensingdetermined enzyme electrode______________________________________L-dioxyphenylalanine L-amino acid oxidase Ammonium ion E.C.184.108.40.206. selective electrodeL-phenylalanine L-amino acid oxidase Ammonium ion E.C.188.8.131.52. selective electrodeL-amino acids L-amino acid oxidase Ammonium ion E.C.126.96.36.199. selective electrodeD-serine D-serine dehydratase Ammonium ion E.C.126.96.36.199. selective electrodeL-homoserine homoserine dehydratase Ammonium ion E.C.126.96.36.199. selective electrodeL-threonine threonine dehydratase Ammonium ion E.C.18.104.22.168. selective electrodeL-hystidine hystidinase Ammonium ion E.C.220.127.116.11. selective electrodenitrite nitrite reductase Ammonium ion E.C.220.127.116.11. selective electrode______________________________________
The construction of the arginine selective sensor of the invention prepared according to the Example is basically identical with the construction of the urea selective sensor. The difference is that two membranes 7--one covering the other--are fixed with ring 8 on the end of covering body 1, on the surface of membrane being on sensing electrode 4 side enzyme urease while on the surface of the other membrane perforated enzyme arginase is bound in immobilized form. This way the arginine selective sensor is formed with two reaction layers.
The preparation of the arginine selective sensor is done in the following way: First the urea selective sensor is prepared as it is given in Example 2. After that on the surface of the urease enzyme containing membrane another perforated membrane containing arginase enzyme (E.C.188.8.131.52.) is placed. The preparation of the latter is done identically as it is described in Example 1.
The arginine selective sensor can also be made wherein only one membrane 7 is used in which, in statistically homogeneous distribution, two kinds of enzymes, arginase and urease are immobilized. In case of this version the further construction and preparation of the sensor consequently are identical with those described at version earlier discussed.
The function of the sensor is based on a two step chemical reaction: ##STR1##
The determination of the concentration of arginine to be measured is done in the well known way using calibration curve or addition method. A survey is given in Table 3 about the molecule selective sensors of the invention which can be prepared with two reaction layers or with a reaction layer containing two kinds of enzymes in statistically homogeneous distribution similarly to Example 3. In the first column of the Table is listed the molecule, to be determined; the second column gives the enzyme catalyst immobilized in the external membrane. The third column shows the enzyme catalysts immobilized in on the internal membrane being in the side of the sensing electrode. In the fourth column the appropriate sensing electrodes are listed.
TABLE 3______________________________________Component Enzymeto be immobilized Sensingdetermined first kind second kind electrode______________________________________inosine uridine xanthine oxidase platinum nucleosidase E.C.126.96.36.199. electode E.C.126.96.36.199.adenosine adenosine adenine de- ammonium, ion nucleosidase aminase hydrogen ion E.C.3.2.2.a. E.C.126.96.36.199. selectiveguanosine guanosine guanase ammonium, ion phosphorilase E.C.18.104.22.168. hydrogen ion E.C.22.214.171.124. selectiveguanine guanase xanthine oxidase platinum E.C.188.8.131.52. E.C.220.127.116.11. electrodecreatinine creatininase urease ammonium ion E.C.126.96.36.199. E.C.220.127.116.11. selective electrodeβ-D-gluco- β-clucosidase glucose oxidase platinumsides di- E.C.188.8.131.52. E.C.188.8.131.52. electrodesaccharidesamygdalinesalicineα-D-gluco- α-glucosidase glucose oxidase platinumsides e.g. E.C.184.108.40.206. E.C.188.8.131.52. electrodemaltoseD-glucose- glucose-1- glucose oxidase platinum1-phosphate phosphatase E.C.220.127.116.11. electrode E.C.126.96.36.199.D-glucose- glucose-6- glucose oxidase platinum6-phosphate phosphatase E.C.22.214.171.124. electrode E.C.126.96.36.199.barbiturate barbiturase urease ammonium or E.C.18.104.22.168. E.C.184.108.40.206. hydrogen ion selective electrode______________________________________
In the 4th Example the model form and the preparation of the bifunctional molecule-selective sensor is described.
Two platinum sensing electrodes 4 built in carrier body 3 are placed in chloride ion containing electrolyte buffer solution 2 contained in covering body 1. Gas permeable polypropylene film 6 fixed on the opening of covering body 1 is in contact with the surfaces of sensing electrodes 4. The surface of film 6 is covered with film 7. In that side of membrane 7 which is in contact with the first sensing electrode 4 there is present enzyme D-amino acid oxidase, while in the other side contacted with the second sensing electrode 4 enzyme L-amino acid oxidase is bound in immobilized form. The construction of the bifunctional molecule selective sensor concerning the further details is consequently similar to that of the sensor described in the Example 1.
The preparation of the reaction layers containing amino acid oxidase is basically done as it is described in Example 1, the difference is that instead of hog intestinal membrane thin skin tissue is used, and, instead of glucose oxidase in the first membrane part, there is present 2-3 mg. D-amino acid oxidase enzyme (E.C.220.127.116.11., Sygma, chrystalline) used at pH 8.3 while in the other part 2-3 mg. L-amino acid oxidase enzyme (E.C.22.214.171.124., Sygma, IV.) is immobilized. The further steps concerning the preparation of the sensor consequently are identical with those described in Example 1.
With the bifunctional molecule selective sensor described it is possible to determine selectively D- and L-amino acid isomers in samples containing both species. In carrying out the measurement the selective sensor is first calibrated with standard solutions of the first amino acid to be measured, e.g. L-phenylalanine, then afterward with that of the other amino acid isomer e.g. D-phenylalanine. To calibrate the electrode the electrode is taken out of a solution of phosphate buffer (pH=8) stirred intensively and dipped in one of the standard solutions of the same pH using stirring of the same intensity and employing a polarizing voltage of -0.6 V, the change of the current intensity (Δi) is measured.
Plotting the measured values of Δi against the concentrations of the standard solutions the two calibrations curves are prepared by means of which the concentration of the different amino acids, the ratio of the two optical isomers can be determined after measuring Δi.
The use of the selective sensor constructed according to the Example is very advantageous in case of studying the effectivity of optical isomers resolving processes.
The addition method described in connection with the Example 1 also can be used for determination of the ratio of amino acid isomers. Similarly to Example 4 several other advantageously applicable bifunctional molecule selective sensors of the invention can be prepared.
A survey of them is given in Table 4.
In the second column of the table the name of the enzyme immobilized in the first surface portion is listed while in the fourth column the enzyme immobilized in the other part of the membrane is given.
TABLE 4______________________________________ enzyme immobilized in thecomponent first part enzyme immobilizedto be of the component to in the second partdetermined membrane be determined of the membrane______________________________________glucose glucose alcohol alcohol oxidase oxidase E.C.188.8.131.52.9. E.C.18.104.22.168.glucose glucose mannose hexose oxidase oxidase E.C.22.214.171.124. E.C.220.127.116.11.urea urease creatinine creatininase E.C.184.108.40.206. E.C.18.104.22.168. urease E.C.18.104.22.168.glucose glucose uric acid uricase oxidase E.C.220.127.116.11. E.C.22.214.171.124.glucose glucose L-phenylalanine phenylalaninase oxidase E.C.188.8.131.52. E.C.220.127.116.11.urea urease arginine arginine de- E.C.220.127.116.11. carboxylase E.C.4.1.19.glucose glucose amygdaline β-glucosidase oxidase E.C.22.214.171.124. E.C.220.127.116.11. glucose oxidase E.C.22.214.171.124.______________________________________
In Example 5 the construction and method of preparation of a multifunctional molecule selective sensor of the invention is described which can be used for the selective determination of certain amino acids in the presence of others.
The construction of the multifunctional sensor is similar to that of the bifunctional sensor described in Example 4; there is a difference that it does not contain gas-permeable film 6, and in the electrolyte solution 2 three hydrogen ion selective glass sensing electrodes 4 are placed, in three separated parts of the membrane 7, each being in contact with another sensing electrode 4, there are three different immobilized amino acid decarboxylases; L-lysine decarboxylase, L-thyrosine decarboxylase, and L-phenylalanine decarboxylase.
The preparation of the sensor and the reaction layers are made identically to those described in Example 4.
With the above molecule selective sensor the L-thyrosine, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine content of amino acid containing samples can be determined selectively. The determinations can be made using three different cell voltage-amino acid concentration calibration curves, each of them referring to one of the amino acids respectively.
Similarly, other versions also can be prepared. The different individual reaction layer fields can contain the following enzymes in immobilized form: L-arginine decarboxylase, L-glutamic acid decarboxylase, L-glutamine decarboxylase, L-hystidin decarboxylase, and urease.
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Posts Tagged «HHDs»
PS4: Install an SSD or HHD to speed up game loading time by 20 seconds or more November 19, 2013 at 5:16 pm
The PS4 ships with a reasonably-sized 500GB hard drive, but it's quite lackluster in terms of speed. The drive only spins at 5400RPM, but it can be easily upgraded to a better drive without voiding your warranty. So, what happens when the default drive is replaced with a solid state drive or a hybrid drive? The real-world tests are in, and the results are actually quite surprising.
Seagate launches new hybrid hard drive that closes the SSD gap, drops Momentus XT brand March 5, 2013 at 8:00 am
Seagate is releasing its new third-generation hybrid hard drives today, with products aimed at ultrabooks, laptops, and desktop drives — and their performance looks very good indeed.
Fusion Drive: Apple jumps on the (ridiculously overpriced) SSD cache bandwagon October 24, 2012 at 9:37 am
Apple's new Fusion Drive unveil points toward the adoption of a cache accelerator structure, similar to what we've reviewed before. Good performance benefit, but the price is steep.
Toshiba tries solving fast, affordable storage conundrum with hybrid hard drive September 26, 2012 at 8:06 am
Available in 750GB and 1TB capacities, Toshiba's Hybrid Drive (MQ01ABDH series) stuffs a pair of platters into a 2.5-inch enclosure that measures 9.5mm high. Each one is equipped with 8GB of NAND flash memory, which is used to store and dish up frequently accessed data in a hurry.


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Stories from Asimov's have won 53 Hugos and 28 Nebula Awards, and our editors have received 20 Hugo Awards for Best Editor.
Writers are always being asked the same questions about their working habits. Where do you get your ideas? Do you work every day? What hours do you work? What sort of research do you do for your stories? Do you use a computer? What kind? How many drafts do you usually do? Do you show anyone your work before you send it to your publisher? And so on and so on, very little variation over the years. (Except that nobody would have asked you about your computer before the 1980s: typewriter vs. longhand would have been the more usual query.) Most writers, after the third or fourth interview, have the prefabricated answers ready even before the questions are asked.
The one question that I've never been asked is about the most basic part of the whole enterprise: the desk at which I write.
I was looking at my desk this morning—my dear old battered desk, which dates from the start of my career, which has been sitting there patiently in front of me for decade after decade while I've written hundreds of short stories and I know not how many novels on its broad back (and several hundred of these essays for this magazine)—and I realized that it has never had proper credit for its role in my career. So I dedicate this column to my beloved, antiquated, battle-scarred desk.
I sold my first few stories in 1953 and 1954, when I was still a college undergraduate living in a rented room near Columbia University. The room came with some sort of desk, about which I remember nothing after sixty years. I had an Olympia portable typewriter then, and during my college years I sat it on whatever sort of flat surface my little room provided and typed away, and that was how I launched my career.
In June 1956, I graduated from Columbia and moved from that ten-dollar-a-week room on West 114th Street in Manhattan to a vastly more imposing five-room apartment nine blocks to the south, and there, newly married, I set out upon the business of being a full-time professional writer. For the first few weeks we had only minimal furniture—a bed, a couch, a rickety bridge table, a few chairs—and I quite clearly remember writing the stories of September 1956 on that bridge table, which was set up in our kitchen and doubled as our dining-room table at mealtime. But a bit later that autumn I bought a real desk, and those who know me well, who know how stubborn and retentive and downright ornery I can be, will not be at all surprised to learn that I am still using that very same desk, which has served me well for (as of the day I'm writing this) fifty-five years and six or maybe seven months.
It's not a grand and glorious desk, some splendid construction of teak or ebony or mahogany. I admire a fine desk as much as anyone, and in my novel Valentine Pontifex I gave Lord Valentine "a magnificent desk, a great polished slab of deep red palisander with a vivid grain that resembled the starburst emblem." All well and good for the monarch of the biggest planet in the universe, but my professional needs, as of the fall of 1956, were not nearly so grandiose. I wanted something strong and functional and not immensely expensive. What I bought was a rugged commercial desk, a gray steel box sitting atop two sturdy legs. Cole Steel Equipment Co. was the manufacturer—they are surely long out of business—and the label on the front proudly declares, MADE IN U.S.A. If you google for "Cole Steel Desk" and rummage around for vintage or antique models, you may be able to find a picture of it, as I just did, though I can't be sure it will still be posted when this essay is published. Desks of that sort have come into new popularity, thanks to the television show "Mad Men," and, in fact, an old advertisement for a Cole desk of the right vintage that I found on the internet tells me that Cole Steel's offices were at 415 Madison Avenue.
I don't remember where I bought it, but I do remember, only too well, the day it was delivered. My apartment was on the fourth floor of a fifteen-story building; and one warm autumn afternoon I heard the buzzer of the house-phone ring and our doorman's voice informed me that a package was waiting for me out front in the street. In the street? Puzzled, I looked out the livingroom window and saw a delivery truck parked outside the building; and sitting just behind it was the "package," a six-foot-high carton that I realized must contain my new desk.
I am a man of medium build, and in those days I was pretty flimsy—perhaps 140 pounds, not much for five feet ten. The carton was bigger than I was and a lot heavier. I had expected door-to-door delivery, and that's what I got: door to building door. The trucker did not intend to bring the desk inside. Our friendly doorman wasn't going to haul it for me either. I could no more lift it myself than I could levitate it to the fourth floor. As I stood there in the street scratching my head, Providence brought to me a local SF fan whom I knew in a peripheral way, a big, burly, jovial man, whose name, to my shame, I have now forgotten, though I think it was Dave. He sized up the situation instantly and offered to help, and, together, we shoved the carton into the building, crammed it into the small freight elevator, got it upstairs to my apartment, and installed it in the second bedroom, the one that I had chosen to be my office.
I have lived with that desk ever since. It moved with me from 105th Street in Manhattan to semi-suburban Riverdale in 1961—hired professionals did the heavy lifting that time—and a decade later I shipped it to California, where I live now. Over the intervening half-century-plus since Dave X and I first hauled the desk upstairs I have grown a beard, watched it turn white, changed my address three times, divorced one wife and married another, acquired new cats every ten or fifteen years, written an uncountable number of books and stories, and moved from New York to California; but in all those turbulent years of change the desk has followed me from one place to another and from one end of the country to the other, and I expect that only death will sunder me from it.
As I said, it's nothing grand and glorious. It's made of gray steel, just under five feet wide and standing on two long pedestallike legs. Its upper surface—the "desktop," I guess I can call it, though that word has a different meaning today—is fashioned from some rubbery gray plastic substance, and is cluttered, as I suppose most writers' desks are cluttered, with all manner of stuff: a desk calendar, an assortment of pens, a box of paper clips, two boxes of diskettes, a pair of chopsticks (don't ask: I don't know the answer), a calculator, a return-address rubber stamp, a little stack of foreign coins, a couple of paperweights, and, to my right and left, two untidy stacks of papers that I have been trying to get rid of for decades. (As fast as I file one thing away, two new ones take its place.)
At the center of the desk, of course, is the computer: the massive and hopelessly obsolete 1990-model Compaq 386 that I still stubbornly use for all my writing work. (My office is in a separate building from our main living quarters. In the main house we have two shiny modern iMacs with full Internet capacity; but over here in the office there is no modem and my computer is the archaic one that can be used only for writing. I like its software better than the modern kind, and I want no distractions when I work— e-mail can't get to me in this building.) The plastic desktop shows the scars of the ages: from 1957 or so until 1982, an Olympia standard typewriter rested on it, and I see some light circular marks that its feet probably left, but the real damage has been done by the computers I've used for the past thirty years, first a bulky dedicated word processor and then the Compaq. The feet of the computer have dug deep round imprints into the plastic over a surprisingly wide area, telling me that I restlessly move the computer around quite a bit during the course of my work, and the keyboard has slashed scars of its own in front of that. There are other signs of injury, too, because in February 1968, a fire in my attic wrecked the third-floor suite that had been my office in the big Riverdale house, and although the desk survived, it took quite a bashing, and various marks and stains are still visible.
There are five drawers. The skinny one in the middle contains postage stamps, rubber bands, staples, and other standard desk detritus. The two large filing drawers on either side of my knees are stuffed with ancient manuscripts and correspondence; those drawers reached capacity about thirty years ago and I neither add nor subtract anything nowadays, just leave it all in perpetual stasis. Some of the earliest stories I wrote are in there, teenage stuff: my heirs and my biographer will find them of interest, though I don't. There's also a swiveling desk chair, as ugly and battered and brutally functional as the desk itself; its leatherette-covered arms are cruelly worn away where they've intersected, over the years, with the two metal pull-out shelves on which I store reference material while I'm working. I had them reupholstered once, but before long they were chewed up again, and I will not take the trouble a second time. (The chair itself, to my horror, had one of its swivel wheels broken off about five years ago by a telephone repairman who leaned too heavily on it. I shopped madly around eBay for a week or so to find a vintage replacement, without success, but then a friend who is a master craftsman soldered the wheel back in place for me, quite successfully.) To the left of my desk is its continuation, a work table that holds a computer printer, a telephone, a few photographs, and another stack of perpetually unfiled papers. To my right, beyond the wastebasket, is another grim hunk of gray steel office furniture: eight filing drawers covered by a long plastic top, on which stands my 1968-vintage typewriter (simply an artifact now), some ledgers, and a stack of my recently published work that I can't seem to find time to put in its proper place. There's another table, too, behind my left shoulder, and more papers, all too many papers. I could weep, sometimes, looking at all the paper that my writing career has generated. I hope someone files it all neatly away after I am gone. That I will ever get around to doing it myself is just one of my little wishful fantasies.
lthough I have many close friends in the writing profession, I don't know much about their desks. I don't ask to go poking in their offices, and I don't encourage visitors to enter mine, mainly because it seems so sloppy to me. I can summon out of memory Harlan Ellison's desk, a prettier one than mine, surrounded on all sides by millions of posted documents and photographs and memoranda, but everything meticulously arranged, for Harlan is a meticulous man. I remember seeing the small cramped plywood desk at which Jack Vance worked, with a specially adapted keyboard that had big waxen attachments on the keys to allow him to find his way around it, for his vision was failing. And I dimly recall a very modest working space in Isaac Asimov's Boston home, forty-odd years ago. Roger Zelazny, who was a long, lean man, didn't bother with a desk at all, but sat in a reclining chair that he kept tipped far back, holding a laptop computer on, well, his lap. That's about it for my immediate colleagues. I have it on second-hand authority that Ernest Hemingway was another who did without a desk, just using the top of a dresser, where he wrote standing up; Saul Bellow also was said to write while standing. Hemingway, Bellow, and Zelazny, having no desks, thereby avoided desk clutter, but I'd wager that those of us who do have desks have, most of us, cluttered ones, for clutter zooms in on a writer's desk like bees to sweet flowers. I tidy mine from time to time, but it does no good; somehow, overnight, everything becomes as chaotic as it had been the day before. And I am a well-organized man. I shudder to think what the desks of some of my less tidy colleagues are like. But now, at least, you have some idea of mine.
Copyright © 2013 Robert Silverberg
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"My Desk"
by Robert Silverberg , copyright © 2013 with permission of the author.
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I have done this before! Unclogging toilets was the worst part! Someone had stuffed a sweatshirt down, as well as apples, milk cartons! Basically anything that would fit! UGGGHHHH
Quoting auntangelofsix:In school on summer break a jainter getting yucky gum of lunch tables.
office aide with some pr.
Payment specialist. I have pretty thick skin, but after two years the regular rude, crude, and unacceptable treatment from customers is starting to get to me. Which is why I am finishing my BS so I can start looking for a salaried position with benefits. Can't leave this position until I have that degree because the job market around here is slim, and I want to be able to support my family. At least here I get forty hours guaranteed.
Cold calling -- for Sears Home Improvement when they first started out in the '80's.
We took pages from the phone book, sat at a desk with a push buttoned phone in hand and dialed away. This was for the siding for homes they came out with.
I did a pretty good job, though I do not remember the script but I sure did not see any commision. I lasted a few weeks in that job. Pronouncing some last names were difficult at times!
Then sad to hear, Oh my husband died and all that.
I even worked for the company that sells those book subscriptions. I was calling the people that sent in the cards to get the free book with their order and was calling them as they sent in the card with their info saying they were interested.
Some were very rude asking HOW we got their number and we explained how they sent in a card ( from the Sunday paper in those days or magazines back then ) and they acted like they did not know what we were talking about.
Guess they forgot weeks before about mailing off the card to have a rep. call them.
HATED cold calling even for AT&T though I got many people to subscribe to the one calling plan they had had -- after that I became an inbound rep. which was much easier for me and the companies I worked for. Made better money too.
I worked for only two weeks at a furniture place. There was an old man that used to own it (gave it to his oldest son), and he didn't have shit to do with his time. So, he would "work" with me as I tried to sell furniture. It was a show room floor, so they would order the furniture. UGH! It sucked.
The old man was rude to customers sometimes, and I couldn't make any commission selling anything. I hated that old man. I wished so much that he would just go away and let me do my job.
I think that would have to be pretty awkward lol
Quoting kimsamomof3:Telemarketing burial caskets for a funeral home. Yeah, I lasted 2 weeks. It was horrible.
Desperate times call for crappy jobs.
Quoting goddess99:I never had a job I didn't like. I never applied to or accepted a job that I thought I wouldn't enjoy.
I never had a job I didn't like. I never applied to or accepted a job that I thought I wouldn't enjoy.
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SMSFactor API
SMSFactor is a French SMS messaging service. It comes with features for managing contact lists, sending instant or scheduled messages, retrieving delivery reports, managing unsubscribes, customizing sender details, and receiving SMS replies. The SMSFactor API enables developers to integrate these functions directly into their websites and applications. SMSFactor's website and API documentation are provided exclusively in French.
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The Most Creative Jell-O Shots Ever [Gizmodo]
Champ to chump: Fallen Super Bowl heroes [Covers]
The Net Worth of the U.S. Presidents [The Atlantic]
The Regrettable Hook-Up Guide [MadAtoms]
Surprised Vader! [That Video Site]
13 Wildly Irresponsible Vintage Ads Aimed at Kids [Cracked]
Geeky Girls I Would Party With [Uncoached]
I Guess There's Nothing Left To Do But Sell Dick Pills [Holy Taco]
Leveling Up On OkCupid! [Fork Party]
The 10 Funniest Comedians Who Died Before Their Time [COED Magazine]
A Woman's Perspective on Fat Guys [Asylum]


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Caelis Restaurant
Awarded with a Michelin Star, Caelis Restaurant brings even greater renown to Barcelona's culinary traditions and to Hotel El Palace's reputation as one of the city's long standing institutions.
Romain Fornell, Caelis' Chef, was the youngest French Chef awarded with a Michelin star in 2001 and remained the unique French chef awarded with a Star in France and in Spain.
The work of Romain Fornell is based on the creative principles or signature cuisine. A Mediterranean representative of haute cuisine, he creates dreamlike experiences with each one of his dishes.
Open from Wednesday to Saturday, from 1:30 pm to 3:30 pm and from Tuesday to Saturday, from 8:30 pm to 11:00 pm
Tel. + 34 93 510 12 05
For more information please find our website www.caelis.com


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Albert Mohler, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (#304)
R. Albert Mohler, president of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, outlines his conception of a Christian worldview.
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Mohler discusses his book Culture Shift: Engaging Current Issues with Timeless Truth, which offers a Christian response to topics from popular entertainment to biomedicine to terrorism. He also talks about his own background as a minister and educator and about the mission of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, which is one of the world's largest seminaries. Mohler hosts a daily live program on the Salem Radio Network and writes a blog on the religious and spiritual dimensions of news events at his web site, AlbertMohler.com.
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text: The plot development of Beattie's short story Jacklighting is convoluted and partially hidden, much like the nameless narrator's unconventional telling of the tell. Nicholas, lying brain dead due to being hit by a drunk driver, is the focus of much of the narrator's narrative. Nicholas was someone who mentored the narrator when younger. He taught her a game, but we are not informed of it until the story ends: "He had us close our eyes after we'd stared at something and made us envision it again" (Beattie 1983, 23). Wynn and Spence possess the ability to succeed at this game, able to make the objects stand out more vividly than they do in life. For the narrator, however, things continue to be lost in dar


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Frequently Asked Questions
What courses are required for different teaching areas?
Curriculum Sheets are available online, or you can contact the BW Admission Office at 440-826-8012 to request more information.
What's the difference between License+Masters and
Licensure Only?
Both programs are for students who have already completed a bachelor's degree and wish to teach. At BW, we give you a choice of programs, depending on your goals.
The License+Masters Program combines teacher licensure coursework with a graduate degree in education. Graduate and undergraduate courses leading to State of Ohio teaching requirements in an approved area (Early Childhood, Middle Childhood, Adolescent/Young Adult, Multi-Age or Mild/Moderate Educational Needs). In addition, students complete the Master of Arts in Education degree with a specialization in one of the following: Reading, Mild/Moderate Educational Needs, or Educational Technology. The graduate specialization becomes an additional teaching area (an endorsement or license).
The Licensure Only Program requires only undergraduate courses to meet State of Ohio requirements for teacher licensure in Early Childhood, Middle Childhood, Adolescent/Young Adult, Multi-Age or Mild/Moderate Educational Needs. With the Licensure Only Program, students do not complete another bachelor or master's degree, but take the coursework needed to meet State requirements for teacher licensure. Licensure Only has fewer course requirements than License+Masters.
What should I anticipate with the application for admission process?
You can apply online or by completing a paper application. This is a selective application process, requiring that candidates submit official transcripts from all colleges and universities attended and two recommendations. In addition, candidates will meet with members of the Admission Committee. Strong candidates have experience teaching or working with children. The License+Masters and Licensure Only programs require a minimum cumulative GPA of 2.75 for admission. Those candidates with a slightly lower GPA (2.60 to 2.75) may still be considered for admission, but may be required to take the Miller's Analogies Test as part of the application process.
Candidates with a criminal record will not be eligible to complete the teacher licensure programs at Baldwin Wallace University. The Education Division will not send a student into a school for observation, clinical practice or student teaching if he or she does not have a clear BCI check.
Can I take any education courses in the Adult & Continuing Education Program (evenings and weekends)?
Absolulety! However, you can't complete your entire degree that way. BW offers a number of education courses in the Adult & Continuing Education program for adults attending on a part-time basis. While much of your program can be completed as a part-time student evenings and weekends, you will need to plan at least two or three semesters for day classes (the professional methods/clinical classes and student teaching). All field experiences must be completed during the day.
How long will it take me?
The length of time varies depending on what you want to teach and how much coursework applies from your previous college work. Most teaching areas require 70-100 credit hours of coursework in specific subject areas, so it often takes three years to complete teacher licensure requirements, even if you already have a bachelor's degree. The good news is many of the courses are available evenings and Saturdays so you can continue to work while attending part-time, and financial aid is available to help with tuition costs.
How do I renew an expired teaching certificate or license?
A teaching certificate or license that has been lapsed for less than five years requires 9 semester credits from an approved teacher education institution like Baldwin Wallace University.
If a certificate or license has been lapsed for five years or more, renewal is a more extensive process -- 12 semester credits from an approved teacher education institution are required. In addition, the recommendation of the Dean or Chair of Teacher Education Program is required on the renewal application.
Contact the Office of Admission at email@example.com or call 440-826-8012 to talk with a counselor about courses to take for renewing teaching credentials, and to discuss the application process.
For more information regarding your individual re-licensure or renewal, check out the Ohio Department of Education Web site.


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Below is a summary of this page to save you time.
Surgery is one of the most expensive stretch mark treatments available, however can be the last resort for some. We look at both plastic and laser surgery.
Abdominoplasty surgery (tummy tuck) is probably the only form of surgery that actually removes stretch marks. This procedure is primarily performed to tighten and contour the stomach wall by removing excess fat and skin. Stretch marks that are located below the belly button are usually also removed in this operation.
Laser stretch mark removal surgery is still relatively new and unproven as an effective stretch mark surgery option. However, many people have had a certain amount of success from laser treatments. Lasers are extremely effective in vaporizing and breaking down tissues, but they generally don't repair tissue. They will help to make your stretch marks fade but they won't remove them completely.
Laser surgery is only really effective on stretch marks that are in the early stages of development, when they are dark red or brown. A series of treatments will probably also be needed. If you've had your stretch marks for a few years and they're now a silver-white or flesh color, typical laser surgery probably isn't an option, as they won't be detected by the laser.
However, there is hope for those who have mature or pale colored stretch marks with new research and techniques currently being developed in the world of laser stretch mark surgery. A new laser treatment coined Coolbeam claims to stimulate the production of new collagen in depressed stretch marks, where a loss of elastic tissue and collagen play a major role.
Research is also underway on a new form of laser surgery that targets the pigment cells in the white scar, causing them to produce more pigment, which helps to improve the quality of the scar's color.
Also see - Cellulite Advice - Causes of Cellulite - Who Gets Cellulite? - Cellulite Cures - Get Rid of Cellulite - Cellulite Surgery - Home Remedies for Cellulite - Cellulite Reduction Diet - Anti-Cellulite Diets - Prevent cellulite with exercise - Anti Cellulite Creams & Lotions - Anti Cellulite Massager - Cellulite Treatments - Wrinkles - Forehead Wrinkles - Eyes Wrinkles - Wrinkles around the Eyes - Wrinkles under the Eyes - Lip Wrinkles - Neck Wrinkles - Skin Wrinkles - Causes of Wrinkles - Wrinkle Prevention - Wrinkle Free Skin - Wrinkles on the Face - Preventing Wrinkles - Anti Wrinkle Solutions - Anti Wrinkle Face Creams - Anti Wrinkle Eye Creams - Best Anti Wrinkle Creams - Anti Wrinkle Skin Care Products - Cures for Wrinkles - Wrinkle Cure Diets - Anti Wrinkle Creams - Preparation-H Remedy for Wrinkles - Natural Remedies for Wrinkles - Home Remedies for Wrinkles - Chemical Peels for Wrinkles - Acid Peels for Wrinkles - Microdermabrasion for Wrinkles - Laser Treatment for Wrinkles - Fillers for Wrinkles - Implants for Wrinkles - Botox for Wrinkles
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Contact details for the University Data Library, as well as the EDINA National Data Centre.
Data Library staff are available for personal consultations on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Feel free to email or telephone us with any data-related queries. Our aim is to provide an initial response within one working day, and to progress or resolve your query within five.
If you are having trouble contacting the Data Library, feel free to contact the IS Helpdesk.
This article was published on Sep 16, 2014


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Mitsubishi Prototype S Hot Video
Track disappears under Mitsu's flatback
We've got our grubby hands on this track test of the new Mitsubishi Prototype S. Motion adds a different dimension to the car's performance perception, so pictures, while they tell a thousand words, will not be competing much against the video which probably tells a million.
Source: Mitsubishi
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Comments (4)
man does it look like a focus with horizontal lights from the back...or like a mazda. it seems they followed subaru afterall. so, no one says anything that it turned into a boring hatch like they said about subaru? well thats weird. anyhow... nice car. better than the sedan, much better.
Feb 29th, 2008 4:49am
The hottest hot-hatch ever. Now, if only they would offer it with a true 6-speed manual; I would be lined up to buy one.
Feb 29th, 2008 12:17am


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Mark Simpson, Assistant Commissioner
Mark Simpson is in his 11th year with the Big South and sixth as Assistant Commissioner, joining the League August 30, 2004. He is responsible for all areas of the League's public relations efforts for its 19 Division I sports, serving as the primary contact for football, men's basketball, women's lacrosse and men's and women's golf. Simpson also oversees the Big South Hall of Fame and the Conference's record books, in addition to serving as the administrative liaison for the Big South Golf Championships.
Simpson joined the Conference from Street & Smith's Sports Group, where he was a Staff Writer for The Sports Business Daily for three years. In his role, Simpson developed original content around sponsorships, sports media, franchises, leagues and facilities, and also covered the NHL All-Star Game in 2003 and 2004.
Prior to joining The Daily, Simpson spent three years as Director of Media & Public Relations for the ECHL Charlotte Checkers from 1998-01, and was honored with the league's Public Relations Award in 1999.
Simpson's experience also includes a stint as Assistant Commissioner for Media Relations for the Mid-Continent Conference from 1996-98. Before joining the Mid-Con, Simpson was Assistant Director of Media Services at Northwestern University from 1994-96, where he assisted with the 1995 Big Ten football champion and Rose Bowl Wildcats, as well as serving as the primary contact for women's basketball, baseball and golf.
Simpson is a member of the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA) and the United States Basketball Writers Association (USBWA), and has served on the media relations staffs of the 2011 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament second/third round games in Charlotte, the 2005 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament first/second round games in Charlotte, the 2005 Opening Round game in Dayton, the 1997 NCAA Men's Golf Championship and the 2000 ECHL All-Star Game.
A 1993 graduate of Eastern Michigan University, Simpson worked as a four-year student SID and was a public relations intern with the Detroit Tigers in 1993. A native of Rockville, Md., Simpson resides in Pineville, N.C., with his wife, Jennifer, and their two children, daughter, Carolyn and son, Adam.


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Photo courtesy of my daughter.
Live from the Loft
Moving very slowly across the United States
One Woman's View of the World
Musings on poetry, language, perception, numbers, food, and anything else that slips through the cracks.
- a creative journey
My World In Photographs...
Much better to start late than never to begin at all. (Tammy Garcia)
From the literary and legislative trenches.
Nature notes from the Forest of Dean
Let's build.
This is a writer's blog for authors, business people, creative people, freelancers, journalists, publishers, and poets. They will learn the ins and outs of writing for publication. Both beginning and experienced writers will profit from it.
It's not easy being me!
A photographic journey through the North of England
Poetry, story and real life.
Copyright © 2011 Talia Hardy B.A. Hons
New Voices in Fiction, Nonfiction, Plays & Poetry


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:: Forum >> Version 1 >>
Introduction to JavaScript ;-)
If you are new to JavaScript this note may help you better understand the ActiveWidgets source code. I just want to mention here three things where JavaScript is very different from the common programming languages like C++ or VB.
First thing is the prototype-based inheritance. You can probably find the details in any JavaScript book, but here is the short summary:
- an object instance is created using the 'new' keyword and a constructor function.
- The constructor function may accept arguments and initialize some properties of the object. If the arguments are not necessary you can skip the brackets, i.e. var obj = new Constructor; instead of var obj = new Constructor();
- The constructor function has a property called 'prototype' which is the reference to some other object instance. This 'prototype' object works as a template to the new objects created using the constructor function. The new object 'inherits' all properties and methods of the prototype object. It does not mean that the properties or methods are physically copied. Only the reference to the prototype object exists. However when asked for a particular property or executing a method the JavaScript engine will look up through the prototypes chain until a property or method with the requested name is found. This relationship is dynamic - changes made in the prototype object are immediately reflected in all dependent objects. This dynamic lookup feature only applies to 'read property' and 'execute method' operations. The 'write' operation (assigning value to a property) always works on the exact object instance. If the property does not exist – it will be created on the fly.
Another important feature of JavaScript is how the functions are implemented. Any function can be treated simply as a different type of object. You can create functions using the same constructor syntax:
var myFunction = new Function("return null");
which is the same as
var myFunction = function(){return null};
and same as
function myFunction(){
return null;
Because functions are 'just objects' you can do all sorts of things with them which you would do with 'normal' objects. You can pass them as arguments to other functions, you can assign them to object properties so these properties become methods, you can compare them and convert to strings. And of course functions can have properties (and methods) too.
And finally a couple of words about arrays and array indices. JavaScript 'objects' are associative arrays of properties and methods (which is the same as 'collections' in VB world). JavaScript 'arrays' are also the same associative arrays. The only difference between an array and an object in JavaScript is that an array will maintain the 'length' property for you (which is the max numeric index used for 'write' operation + 1). So array[1] is the same as array["1"] and the same as object[1]. And object["method"]() is just another syntax for object.method().
To be continued...
Alex (ActiveWidgets)
Wednesday, April 14, 2004
Wednesday, June 23, 2004
Well I think you have forgotten the most important part (at least something that I have learned from your code) - Inheritance with the magic word "prototype". This is something that makes programming using Javascript finally cleaner and better structured.
Thursday, June 24, 2004
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Cooking and Baking
Pre-topping toast?
I just realized a great advantage of having a toaster oven, instead of a traditional toaster. Have any of you ever pre-topped your toast? I just discovered (I know, I know, *I* didn't discover it, but it was thrilling for me to realize finally) that I can put peanut butter, or deli slices or cheese on my fresh bread (I bake my own, and I like the really crusty stuff that holds up to thick toppings well) and then stick it in the toaster oven. That way, I get the bread toasted and I have nice warm or melty (or both) toppings, and it saves me time! I love it! Is it just me or has anyone else done this? And are there limits? For instance, does that work for most/all toast toppings? I haven't tried it with jam yet, because I am afraid that it would burn or just melt too much and drip off the sides, or fresh herbs because they might singe.... What is the best thing that you have successfully tried that way? Any suggestions?
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
Check out this post for a more thorough explanation, and jump onto our Facebook page or our Twitter feed to keep the conversations going!


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2011-2012 Catalog
2011-2012 Catalog /
Curriculum and Degree Requirements /
Course Descriptions /
Christian Education Courses (CED) /
CED3099 Christian Education Field Experience [1-2].
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CED3099 Christian Education Field Experience [1-2].
Observation and supervised field experience in organizing and directing educational ministries. The student serves a minimum of 40 supervised hours in a professional setting for each credit hour earned.
Prerequisite: CED2043 or CED3003.
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{Giveaway} Everything You Need to Create an Unforgettable Honeymoon
In last week's official Plunge Project giveaway, we gave one lucky bride-to-be an awesome gift bag for all of her bridesmaids. This week, we're focusing on you and your hubby-to-be — mainly your honeymoon and that amazing sex life you know you're going to have as soon as you tie the knot ;) — with an amazing gift package from Pure Romance.
Many of you ladies have likely been to (or maybe even hosted) a Pure Romance party. I know I have. If you're not already familiar with Pure Romance, it's one of the nation's leading and fastest-growing woman-to-woman direct sellers of relationship and intimacy aids. Its premiere line of products is marketed through a distinctive network of in-home parties organized by more than 75,000 specially trained or certified independent sales Consultants throughout the United States, Australia, Canada, Puerto Rico, South Africa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
But enough about that…on to the prize!
This ultra-fun gift package (valued at $156) includes:
- Burning Desire Soy Massage Oil Candle
- Serenity Aromatherapy Massage Lotion
- Tie Me Up Bondage Tape
- Cozy Cuffs Handcuffs
- Just Like Me Gel Lubricant
- Sensations Warming Lubricant
- Family Jewels Dual C-ring with Bullet
- Vibrating Loofah
…like the title says, it's everything you need to create an intimate and memorable honeymoon with your beau!
Ready to enter? There are a variety of ways! Simply use the Rafflecopter widget below…
a Rafflecopter giveaway
The contest is open now through next Friday, August 31, so get your entries in! I'll be on vacation from the 31st through September 3, so the winner will be notified via email when I get back. Good luck!
About Nicole Denton
With a love of planning just about anything — from her own wedding, to bridal and baby showers, to dinner parties, and more – Nicole is the Plunge Project's founder and former editor-in-chief. A New Jersey native, Nicole has called Chandler, Arizona home since 2013, where she currently lives with her husband Michael; two pit bulls, Shelby and Link; and cat, Kity Perry. A University of Tennessee graduate, Nicole has a bachelors in communications and a career at a rapidly-growing digital marketing firm.
14 Comments on {Giveaway} Everything You Need to Create an Unforgettable Honeymoon
Whooo… I might gaffed blushed a little buy looking at this giveawayReply
I hope to win! Perfect for the honeymoon!Reply
This giveaway includes all the perfect "tools" to kick a honeymoon off with a BANG! (Literally!) I hope I win!Reply
Trying to break my wholesome fiance out of his good boy ways!Reply
help a girl out!
thanks fro the opportunity!
wow okay most definitely a first as far as wedding blog contests go – bring it!Reply
I want to win so we can have a romantic evening!Reply
Although we are not having a beach theme wedding, your pictures were awesome!Reply
Getting married this September and this would be a nice little surprise to bring on our honeymoon ;)Reply
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[...] Everything You Need to Create an Unforgettable Honeymoon Giveaway – That's right, we've got a sexy honeymoon prize pack from the one and only Pure Romance up for grabs. The contest ends tonight at 11:59pm EDT, so get those entries in! [...]Reply


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MOVIEmeterSEE RANK
Down 2,285 this week
Airborne (2012)
Ratings: 3.9/10 from 1,947 users
Reviews: 32 user | 32 critic
As Britain is battered by a storm, one last plane takes off. Shortly after, the handful of passengers start disappearing one by one; those that remain frantically try to discover who - or what - is behind it before they share the same fate.
Director:Dominic Burns (as Alexander Williams)
Writer:Paul Chronnell
Stars:Craig Conway, Simon Phillips, Gemma Atkinson | See full cast and crew »
|Watch Trailer 0Share...


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BOSTON, Mass. -- The University of New Hampshire women's cross country took first place at the New England Championships Saturday afternoon as the squad topped 19 additional teams to earn the crown with 50 points. The race took place at Franklin Park in Boston, Mass.
"We are very excited about the win at the New England Championships," said head coach Robert Hoppler. "This win is another chapter in UNH cross country's tradition of success.
Freshman Elinor Purrier (Montgomery, Vt.) led the Wildcats as she finished third overall with a time of 17:33. Laura Rose Donegan (Melbourne, Australia) finished the race fifth to a time of 17:36 while senior co-captain Anne Twombly (Exeter, N.H.) came in 11th with a result of 17:52.
Chelsey Serrano (Manchester, N.H.) and senior co-captain Elise Beattie (Woodstock, Ill.) finished in tandem in 15th and 16th, respectively. Serrano completed the 5K course with a time of 18:03 while Beattie was hot on her heels with a time of 18:06. Samantha Blais (Lyndenborough, N.H.) finished 28th to a time of 18:25 while Cayla Pellegrini (Derry, N.H.) came in 30th of 133 runners with a time of 18:27.
In 2011, the women's outdoor track and field team won the New England Championship title. Beattie and Pellegrini were members of the title squad.
The team will have two weeks off between the next race as the team travels to the Central Connecticut State University Mini Meet on Oct. 25. The competition begins at 3:30 p.m.


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Investigator Kenny Gleaton said four women were in the home Sept. 26 when two assailants forced entry into the front door. One of the men had a gun. He said the men demanded cash and medicine.
"They fled with cash, meds, the women's phones, and a laptop," Gleaton said.
The investigator said the victims had to go next door to call the sheriff's office. He said they described the suspects as black males, and one was wearing a blue hoodie. He said there was no vehicle description.
Gleaton said no one was harmed in the home invasion. It took place between 3-4 p.m. and the house was in a populated area.
"They were in and out of the house in a few minutes. We are following up on several leads," he said.
For the full story, pick up a copy of this week's newspaper or subscribe to our e-Edition at http://ee.jcnews.com.