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A vacuum apparatus for treating disk-shaped workpieces includes a central distribution chamber into which the workpieces are brought from a lock through a communication opening which can be closed by a closing member. A transporting mechanism, preferably in the form of a robot arm, is located in the distribution chamber which is adjoined by intermediate chambers distributed along its circumference as exchangeable modules whereby the communication between them can be shut off at each point of connection by a closing member. An intermediate chamber communicates with at least one treatment chamber via an allocated communication opening which, in order to allow a separation of the treatment chamber, is accessible from the intermediate chamber. In the intermediate chamber a further transport mechanism is arranged for taking over the workpieces from the first transport mechanism, which further transport mechanism places the workpieces onto an elevating table located under the treatment chamber. The table forwards the workpiece into the allocated treatment chamber and separates it thereby at the same time from the distribution chamber. Preferably a plurality of treatment chambers are allocated to each intermediate chamber. The closing members at the communication openings between the chambers are controlled during the treatment procedures so that no undesired passing of gases and particles from one treatment station into the other is possible.
1. A vacuum apparatus for the treatment of workpieces, comprising:
at least one distribution chamber with at least three ports, said ports being shutable with respective vacuum-tight shut-off members;
pumping means connected to said distribution chamber for evacuating at least said distribution chamber;
at least one intermediate chamber with at least three ports;
pumping means connected to said intermediate chamber for evacuating at least said intermediate chamber;
at least two treatment chambers each having a port, said at least two treatment chambers being connected at their ports to two respective ports of said intermediate chamber, said intermediate chamber having a remaining port;
said distribution chamber being connected at one of its ports to the remaining port of said intermediate chamber, said distribution chamber having two remaining ports;
said two remaining ports of said distribution chamber being connected to respective ports of at least two of the group including: a workpiece input chamber having a port; a workpiece output chamber having a port; a workpiece input and output chamber having a port; a treatment chamber having a port; a further distribution chamber having at least three ports, and a further intermediate chamber having at least three ports;
first transport means within said at least one distribution chamber for transporting workpieces to and from said at least three ports of said distribution chamber; and
second transport means within said at least one intermediate chamber for transporting workpieces to and from said at least three ports of said intermediate chamber.
2. The vacuum apparatus of claim 1, comprising at least one further intermediate chamber each with at least two treatment chambers, said at least one further intermediate chamber being connected to said distribution chamber.
3. The vacuum apparatus of claim 1, in which said first transport means comprises a robot arm arranged rotatably in said distribution chamber.
4. The vacuum apparatus of claim 1, in which said second transport means comprises a supporting structure which is rotatable around a vertical axis.
5. The vacuum apparatus of claim 4, in which said treatment chambers are located axially above said structure connectable therewith for passage by selectively closable openings located above a circular path said rotatable supporting structure.
6. The vacuum apparatus of claim 5, including elevating mechanisms operative to lift said workpieces into and out of said treatment chambers, located below a circuit path of said supporting structure and aligned with said ports of said treatment chambers.
7. The vacuum apparatus of claim 1, comprising a control unit connected to shut-off members and operating so that a simultaneous spatial communication between said treatment chambers is impossible during a treatment operation.
8. The vacuum apparatus of claim 5, wherein said ports of said treatment chambers are arranged in a circle around said axis.
9. The vacuum apparatus of claim 5, including means for selectively closing the ports of said treatment chambers.
10. The vacuum apparatus of claim 2, including shut-off members for each port of said treatment chambers, and a control unit connected to said shut-off members for moving said shut-off members to open and close the ports of said treatment chambers.
11. The vacuum apparatus of claim 1, wherein said at least three ports of said distribution chamber lie in a common plane around said distribution chamber, said first transport means including a robot arm mounted for rotation about an axis extending perpendicularly to the common plane for transporting workpieces to and from each of the at least three ports of said distribution chamber, the two ports of said intermediate chamber which are connected to the two ports of said at least two treatment chambers, lying in a plane parallel to said common plane, said second transport means comprising a carrier mounted for rotation in said intermediate chamber about an axis extending perpendicularly to said common plane, and handling means connected to at least one of said carrier and said robot arm for transferring a workpiece between said robot arm and said carrier.
12. The vacuum apparatus of claim 11, wherein said second transport means includes elevator means under said carrier for lifting a workpiece from said carrier to one of said two ports to which said ports of said treatment chambers are connected, said elevator means, and said one of said two ports being aligned in a direction perpendicular to said common plane.
13. The vacuum apparatus of claim 1 wherein said shut-off members each comprise controllable valve means for opening and closing said ports.
14. The vacuum apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of said treatment chambers is connected at its port by a controllable shut-off members to said intermediate chamber.
15. The vacuum apparatus of claim 11, wherein said carrier comprises at least two depositing areas on which workpieces can be deposited by said handling means.
16. The vacuum apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said carrier comprises at least one depositing area on which a workpiece may be deposited by said handling means, and an indexing drive connected to said carrier for moving said depositing area into alignment with each of said treatment chamber ports.
17. The vacuum apparatus of claim 16, wherein said second transport means comprises at least one elevator means movable parallel to said axis of said carrier, said elevator means being aligned with one of said ports, said carrier comprising at least one depositing area for receiving a workpiece thereon by said handling means, said depositing area being rotatable by said carrier into alignment with said elevator means and said one port, said elevator means being movable through said aligned depositing area to said one port.
18. The vacuum apparatus of claim 17, wherein said elevator means comprises sealing means for sealing said one port when a workpiece is moved by said elevator means through said one port into the treatment chamber of said one port.
19. The vacuum apparatus of claim 17, wherein said elevator means comprises a support surface for carrying a workpiece during treatment of the workpiece in the treatment chamber of said one port.
20. The vacuum apparatus of claim 19, wherein said support surface comprises means for controlling a treatment process for the workpiece in said treatment chamber of said one support.
21. A vacuum apparatus for the treatment of workpieces, comprising:
an intermediate chamber with at least three ports, at least a first one of said ports being positioned in a periphery of said intermediate chamber and at least a second and third one of said ports being positioned in an end wall of said intermediate chamber;
workpiece supplying and receiving means connected to said at least one first port for supplying and receiving workpieces through said first port in a direction parallel to a plane of said end wall;
a treatment chamber connected to each of said second and third ports for treating a workpiece supplied through each of said second and third ports;
first conveying means mounted for rotation about an axis perpendicular to said plane for moving a workpiece into a plurality of locations in said intermediate chamber, at least a part of said locations being respectively aligned in a direction parallel to said axis, with one of said second and third ports; and
second conveying means aligned with each of said part of said locations for linearly moving a workpiece at each of said part of said locations from said first and second conveying means into one of said second and third ports, said first and second conveying means being structured to avoid any interaction between said first conveying means and said second conveying means when said second conveying means linearly move a workpiece into one of said second and third ports.
22. A vacuum apparatus according to claim 21 wherein said end wall comprises an upper wall of said intermediate chamber, said second conveying means comprising elevator means for elevating a workpiece from said first conveying means to one of said second and third ports.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a vacuum apparatus for the treatment of workpieces and having at least one treating chamber for said workpieces and a central evacuable distribution chamber and including a first transporting mechanism and locks through which the workpieces can be placed by the first transporting mechanism into the distribution chamber and retrieved by same after having been treated.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the periodical Solid State Technology of Oct. 1987 (pages 55/56) such a multi-chamber apparatus for the treating of silicon wafers is known which includes a robot arm located in a central distributing chamber and which places the individual semi-conductor disks in accordance with a set programme into the individual treatment chambers and retrieves these disks out of such chambers after having received a certain treatment such as a coating. A plurality of treatment chambers may be connected to one such central distribution chamber whereby the semi-conductor disks can be transported through the distribution chamber from one treatment chamber into another treatment chamber such that they must not be transported in the free environment between the individual treatments. In case of extremely delicate treatments there is, however, a danger that residual gases which e.g. are necessary for a treatment step in one treatment chamber could reach another treatment chamber where they disturb the treatment being made there or it is possible, that particles which possibly were raised during the one or the other treatment step are dragged along. It is also possible that particles which together with not yet treated semi-conductor wafers are brought from the outer chamber into the distribution chamber and then settle onto already treated semiconductor disks when moving across and detrimentally influence the following treatments to be made with these not as yet treated semi-conductor disks.
It already has been proposed to decouple the individual tretment steps by pressure step locks which are out in the circuit ahead of the treatment chambers e.g. by means of a so called pressure step system which consists of three vacuum chambers which can be evacuated separately and where the wafers are transported through corresponding slots in the walls between the individual chambers into the treatment chambers. The main object of the pressure step locks was thereby only to maintain a differential pressure between the individual chambers of the vacuum system.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a vacuum apparatus having a plurality of treatment chambers in which the above mentioned dragging along of residual gases and particles from one treatment chamber into the other treatment chamber or one workpiece onto the other, resp. is reduced to a minimum or is excluded entirely.
A further object is to provide a vacuum apparatus which comprises an evacuable intermediate chamber including communication openings and thereto allocated shut-off members located between the distribution chamber and at least one treatment chamber and including communication openings and allocated shut-off members in correlation with the distribution chamber and the treatment chamber and comprising a further transporting mechanism operative to transport the workpieces into the treatment chamber.
Yet a further object is to provide a vacuum apparatus in which a plurality of intermediate chambers and thereto allocated treatment chambers are connected to one distribution chamber and/or a plurality of treatment chambers are allocated to one intermediate chamber.
The invention will be better understood and objects other than those set forth above will become apparent when consideration is given to the following detailed description thereof. Such description makes reference to the annexed drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vertical section through a vacuum apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a vacuum apparatus having three intermediate chambers and nine treatment chambers;
FIG. 3 is a perspective illustration of the principle of the transferring of a disk from the first to the second transporting mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a vertical section through an elevating table located in an intermediate chamber and including a mounting device for the disk, illustrated in a first elevating position;
FIG. 5 illustrates the elevating table of FIG. 4 in an intermediate position;
FIG. 6 illustrates the elevating table of FIG. 4 in its final position during the treating of the disk in the treatment chamber; and
FIG. 7 is a top view of structural members belonging to the elevating table.
FIG. 1 illustrates a lock chamber 1 forming an input chamber and having a door 2 leading to the free environment and having a mounting support 3 for a wafer magazine 4 located in said chamber 1. The magazine 4 can be raised and lowered by means of an elevating mechanism having a siphon gland 5 and an operating mechanism 6 such that at a given instance one certain disk of the magazine 4 to be treated is located at a suitable height or level for introduction into a distributing chamber 7 through a opening of the gate 8; latter is opened or closed as the need arises by an actuator unit 9.
A first transport mechanism 10, 11 for a transporting of the respective disk retrieved from the magazine on to the intermediate chamber 15 is located in the distributing mechanism includes a rotatably mounted robot arm 10 to which a controllable drive 11 is allocated. In operation the robot arm 10 retrieves by means of the disk support 12 and by the gate 8 in its open position one respective disk from the magazine 4 and forwards the disk through the open gate 14 which is operated by an auxiliary unit 13 into the intermediate chamber 15. In case of a plurality of intermediate chambers the disk is forwarded into such intermediate chamber which corresponds to the treatment operating programme.
The position of the rotatable robot arm 10 in which it retrieves a disk from the magazine 4 is illustrated in FIG. 1 by broken lines 10. Its position in which it passes the disk on to the intermediate chamber 15 whereby the gate 14 is open is identified by 10 in full lines. A second mechanism for the handling of the disks is located in the intermediate chamber 15 from which the forwarding of the disks to the individual treatment chambers 24 and 25 connected thereto is made, in which chambers the disks are subjected to their further treatment steps, e.g. a coating or etching during a treatment procedure of the production.
This second transport mechanism is designed similar to the first one as a rotating arm 20 having gripping devices 21 for a taking over of the disks brought by the first mechanism. By means of a corresponding rotating of the gripping devices 21 along a circular path the disks can be brought under the openings 22 and 23 located on a circle to the treatment chambers 24 and 25 and can be raised by means of elevating mechanisms 26 and 27 (which can be designed similar to those in the lock chamber 1) upto the treatment locations of the individual treatment chambers and lowered, after the treatment and be forwarded to a further treatment station. The elevating mechanisms of the illustrated embodiment are additionally equipped with annular seals 28 and 29 which upon getting fitted at the cover of the intermediate chambers provide for a vacuum tight seal around the openings 22 and 23 and between the intermediate chamber and the treatment chambers; the shut off position of the seal 28 is illustrated in FIG. 1 by 28'.
FIG. 1 illustrates further schematically the pumping units allocated to the various chambers and of which each can consist e.g. of a backing pump 30, a condenser 31, a high vacuum pump 32 and a valve 33. All gates and valves and the pumps can be connected to a control mechanism or control computer, so as to actuate them for the desired treating or production cycle (which is not a subject of the present invention).
In FIG. 1 only one simplyfied arrangement having only one intermediate chamber 15 connected to the chamber 7 is shown, it is, however, obvious for the person skilled in the art that also two or more intermediate chambers can be connected to the distribution chamber from which the disks can be distributed in accordance with a pre-set programme by the second mechanism to the treatment chambers connected to the intermediate chambers.
The pattern of such an arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 2. The reference numeral 40 denotes the central distributing chamber having at least three parts and into which the disks to be treated are fed and from which they are retrieved after the treatment from and to workpiece input and output chambers 42, 42. The intermediate chambers 44, 44' and 44" are connected at three sides and at three ports to this central distributing chamber and in the illustrated embodiment three treatment chambers are connected to every intermediate chamber, which treatment chambers are identified in FIG. 2 schematically by 45, 46 and 47; 45', 46' 47' and 45", 46", 47". The communication between the distributing chamber and the intermediate chambers connected thereto is given by the gates 48, 48' and 48", which are opened and closed by an actuating unit in accordance with the processing treatments to be made. The above mentioned (not illustrated in FIG. 2) first and second mechanisms are located in the central distributing chamber or in the intermediate chambers which are flanged thereonto; these conduit the transporting of the disks in accordance with the processing sequence into the individual chambers or out of these chambers, similar to the procedure described in connection with FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates the first and second mechanisms used in the embodiment of FIG. 1 and the interaction. The reference numerals, as far as used, are the same as those of FIG. 1. A plate 50 is mounted to the robot arm 10 and controlled by the drive 11, so that the plate can reach under a disk and take it from the cassette in the lock chamber 1 and pass it on after a retreating and rotating of the robot arm from the position 10' into the position 10 (see FIG. 1) to the gripping devices 21 in the chamber 15. By means of the second mechanism the disks will thereafter be brought into the proper position opposite the opening of a treatment chamber in that it rotates around the axis 20'. The apparatus according to FIG. 1 is designed such that the corresponding disk is positioned already after the passing on to the second mechanism in this position opposite of the treatment chamber 24. In the illustration according to FIG. 3 a disk 51 located on the plate is just passed on to the gripping device 21 (and thus would be positioned under the opening 22 of FIG. 1), whereas a further disk 52 is illustrated under the opening 23 of the treatment chamber 25 rotated further (in case of a treble division rotated further by 120°).
The inventive method for operating the vacuum apparatus will now be explained based on FIG. 1 and is characterized in that the first transporting mechanism 10, 11, 12 located in the first distributing chamber 7 takes consecutively one workpiece out of a magazine 4 in the lock 1 and transports it along the course through the distributing chamber 7 into an intermediate chamber 15 and in that the second transporting mechanism 20, 21 located in the intermediate chamber takes the workpiece over from the first transporting mechanism 10, 11, 12 and keeps it ready in a position coaxial to a communication opening 22 or 23 between the intermediate chamber 15 and one of the treatment chambers 24 or 25. This method of operation is specifically characterized in case of a plurality of treatment chambers 24, 25 allocated to one intermediate chamber 15 and of elevating mechanisms 26, 27 for a raising and lowering transport of the disks into and out of the treatment chambers in which elevating mechanisms 26, 27 are located below the communication openings 22, 23 between the treatment chambers 24, 25 and the intermediate chamber 15 and in the intermediate chamber 15, in accordance with the invention in that the second transport mechanism 20, 21 places the workpiece which has been taken over from the first transport mechanism 10, 11, 12 onto one of the elevating mechanisms 26, 27 which transports the workpiece into a treatment chamber 24, 25 located above the elevating mechanisms 24, 25, and in that the workpiece is transported along the same path at a reversed sequence of the transporting steps back to its starting position.
The method of operating the vacuum apparatus can specifically be formed such that in case of at least two treatment chambers 24, 25 allocated to one respective intermediate chamber 15 each one of these treatment chambers is placed into operation and regenerated during consecutively following time intervals alternatively after being loaded, whereby during the regeneration of one treatment chamber the further chamber is placed into operation. In other words it can be stated that for each treatment chamber a certain time span during which a disk is treated in this chamber is followed by a time span during which this chamber is regenerated. In case of two treatment chambers being present such can be carried out alternatively such that the regenerating phase and the treatment phase are interchanged continuously.
In case of a plurality of treatment chambers 24, 25 and in view of increasing the throughput, it is of course possible to carry out parallel treatments (parallel processes).
Finally, the method of operating the vacuum apparatus can be designed in accordance with the invention also such that instead of an elevating mechanism 26 or 27 a magazine having a supply of disks is located in an intermediate chamber and that then an intermediate chamber with a plurality for instance three treatment chambers allocated thereto is put into operation as a unit which is functionable independently from the rest of the vacuum apparatus, in other words a unit which can operate autonomously if for instance the other parts of the vacuum apparatus are out of operation due to an operational break-down.
It already has been mentioned above that the vacuum apparatus comprises elevating mechanisms located in every intermediate chamber present, which are operative to bring a disk placed onto the elevating mechanism into a treatment chamber located above the intermediate chamber. During this procedure the disk shaped workpiece must be secured to the support of the elevating mechanism, i.e. the workpiece must be held at its edge such that it maintains a predetermined position.
It is known to use, in order to arrest the workpiece, for instance having the shape of a disk, gripper-like leaf springs which grip around the edge of the disk. These arresting units can be operated into an open and into a closed condition in which they keep the disk arrested. This gives, however, rise to the difficulty that these arresting devices in the treatment chamber are also exposed to the treatment made at the disk. Such treatment is for instance a coating of 1μ aluminum for each disk at a through-put of one disk per minute. As a consequence within five days an aluminum coating of more than 7 millimeters thickness will grow on these arresting or holding devices. It is possible that lumps of aluminum are produced which can hang over and lead often to undesirable shadings during a coating of a disk. It also may happen that the disks grow together with such holding devices and adhere to these devices. If the treatment, on the other hand is an etching process the holding devices are etched too and the material which is removed from the disks could thereby soil the surface of the disk. During a cleaning etching of the disk by a cathode atomization the holding devices cause also distortions of the potential and as a consequence thereof often a kind of a halo or shade.
In many cases the disk to be treated should be positioned on the support of the elevating mechanism further at a predetermined orientation of its position before the disk is transported into the treatment chamber. For the treatment of semiconductor disks for the production of integrated micro-electronic blocks the disk has for instance a contour which differs from the shape of a circle whereby a segment of the circle is cut off which serves for an indicating of the orientation of the crystals and the support for the disk has the same contour which differs from the shape of a circle and the disk must be held and transported precisely oriented relative to the support.
For the vacuum apparatus of the kind mentioned above an elevating mechanism is thus necessary in the shape of a specific elevating table with holding devices which are in a position to bring the workpiece onto the support in an exactly oriented position and lock the workpiece during its transport and without they themselves being exposed during the treatment of the workpiece to the influence of this treatment.
The elevating table to be used in the vacuum apparatus should, furthermore enable a treatment of the workpiece in the treatment chamber at predetermined set temperatures which must be held precisely constant. To this end a supplying of heat against the lower surface of the workpiece or a cooling thereof may be needed.
In order to solve the first object of a position oriented placing of the workpiece onto a support and of a securing of the transport into the treatment chamber an elevating table serves for the rising and lowering transport of a disk shaped workpiece which has a movable workpiece support at which holding members are arranged pivotably to pivot into a holding position and out of holding position, such to move them shortly before the movable support reaches a treatment position into the release position and to move them in this position during the rest of the transport movement of the support into the treatment station until it moves behind a cover which protects the holding devices from the influences of the treatment of the workpiece.
In order to solve this further object the workpiece support is provided with a heating plate which is heatable by a heating element and with a plurality of channels opening at the surface of the support and which are jointly connected to a gas supply line in order to generate between support and workpiece a gas cushion as a homogenous heat conducting means for a heating of the workpiece. The gas cushion serves for an absolutely equal heat distribution under the workpiece. In order to prevent the workpiece from lifting off due to the gas cushion a dead weight load in the form of a loose ring is used which comes to lie at the outer edge of the workpiece in the treatment station. This ring has, furthermore, the duty to keep the annular gap between the support which carries the workpiece and the cover closed. To this end it is also possible to obviously use also a ring which rests only on the edge of the support but not on the edge of the workpiece such that the latter can also be transported in a freely resting condition. By means of this, it is possible to treat with the same apparatus either a freely resting workpiece or a workpiece secured at its edge, depending on the prevailing kind of necessary treatment. The ring rests preferably along the entire edge of the workpiece if a sealing action for the gas cushion is to be reached between the workpiece and the support. In this case the ring can be mounted by a spring bellows gas tight to the housing of the vacuum apparatus whereby also the elastic action of the spring bellows can be utilized to counteract the pressure of the gas cushion. If, however, the workpiece must be treated upto the outermost edge the ring can rest also by hooks located at its inner edge on the edge of the workpiece such that, except for the areas of the hooks, the largest part of the edge of the workpiece is heated.
The elevating table with the holding members which can be pivoted into a holding condition and out of the holding condition has the advantage that the holding members protected in the position away from the holding position behind the cover can not get bonded or attached, to the workpiece by the influences of the treatment. If, however, the workpiece gets bonded to the ring resting on the edge of the workpiece the pivotable holding members operate in their position pivoted inwards toward the workpiece to separate during the reverse movement of the elevating table into its starting position, the workpiece by tearing the ring off.
FIG. 4 illustrates the most important parts of one of the elevating mechanisms 26 and 27 illustrated in FIG. 1 and which are designed respectively as elevating table for a rising and lowering movement of a workpiece inside of an intermediate chamber 15. The elevating table 26 is illustrated in FIG. 4 in the so-called loading position in which a disk shaped workpiece 61 is placed on a workpiece support 62 consisting of several parts and specifically onto the central part 63 which in the illustrated example is provided with a heating plate 64 which is heated by a heating element and which heating plate has a plurality of vertical through bores through which a gas can flow inbetween the disk shaped workpiece 61 and the upper surface of the heating plate 64. The heating element can heat the heating plate up to a temperatures over 500° C. and the heated gas acts then as heat conducting medium in order to completely evenly heat the workpiece over its entire surface. Use is made here preferably of the same gas which is used by a treatment made in the vacuum apparatus because a gas tight seal at the edge of the heating plate can be achieved only with large difficulties.
A flange 67 located under the heating plate 64 is used for the mounting of the heating element 65 and for the gas supply to the through bores in the heating plate. This heating plate and the flange 67 are mounted together onto a further flange 68 which contains channels 69 of a rapid cooling system. The flange 68 is mounted gas tight by means of a thin walled tube 70 in a temperature insulated fashion to an also cooled and electrically insulated mounted part 71.
The workpiece support 62 which can be moved upwards and downwards includes also mounting members 72 and 73 mounted pivotably thereto. FIG. 7 discloses that two of such mounting members 72 are present at the one side and one mounting member 73 is present at the opposite side. After the workpiece has been placed onto the support 62 the mounting members are pivoted from a position 72a and 73a, in which position they are remote from an workpiece engaging position into the position 72b and 73b in which position they are in a engaging position. To this end they are pivoted around an axis 74 extending parallel to the center axis of the workpiece support 62. If necessary a correction of the position of the workpiece 62 its support is made during this movement, which will be explained in detail later on based on FIG. 7. The mounting members 72 and 73 consist each of a rod shaped body 75 which is supported in a bearing 76 for rotation around its axis. Each mounting member can be pressed downwards against the action of a pressure spring 77 supported on the bearing and surrounding the rod shaped body 75.
A cylindrically shaped outer member 78 belongs also to the workpiece support 62 which can be moved upwards and downwards and within which the mounting members 72 and 73 are arranged for a pivotal movement. Such as is disclosed in FIG. 1 the elevating table 26 extends from below through a recess in the wall 79 of the intermediate chamber 15 and this elevating table is flanged at the lower side onto this wall 79. According to FIGS. 1 and 4 a treatment chamber 24 is located above the intermediate chamber 15 which two chambers communicate via a communicating opening 22 in the wall 80 located therebetween. Against an area formed at this wall 80 at the edge of the opening 22 and shaped as valve seat 81 the upper edge of the cylinder shaped outer member 78 with a seal 82 is moved into a sealed contact when the elevating table 26 has risen in order to treat a workpiece 61 inside of the treatment chamber 24. The elevating table 26 acts, therefore, not only for a rising and lowering transport of the workpieces but forms at the same instance a seal which separates the intermediate chamber 15 from the process chamber in a gas tight manner.
According to FIG. 4 an annular cover 83 is mounted to the wall 80 of the chamber and inside of the treatment chamber. Under this cover a loose ring 84 rests on the edge of the wall of the chamber and is guided in the opening 22. At its inner edge this ring 84 has hooks 85 distributed along its circumference.
In FIG. 5 the workpiece support 62 is illustrated in a position risen into an intermediate station. Thereby the workpiece 61 resting on the support has lifted somewhat and the ring hangs by means of its hooks 85 on the edge of the workpiece such that latter is pressed against the heating plate 64 and is secured against a lateral sliding away. The ring acts thereby also as a dead weight loading in order to act against the earlier mentioned gas cushion between the workpiece and the heating plate. This ring 84 has the further duty of covering the annular gap present between the cover 83 and the workpiece which has been risen on the support in order to protect the parts located thereunder from the influence of the treatment taking place in the treatment chamber. In FIG. 5 the mounting members 72 and 73 are illustrated in a position remote from the mounting position, i.e. pivoted toward the outside.
The workpiece support 62 is illustrated in FIG. 6 risen up into its end position and is located at the treatment position. This position is reached when the cylindrical outer member 78 of the support 62 has been moved onto the edge of the wall 15 of the chamber 80 which is shaped as valve seal 81. The workpiece 61 projects then over the cover 83 and is fully exposed to the treatment in the treatment chamber 24. The mounting members 72 and 73 are pressed at the lower side against the cover 83 where they are slid inwards against the action of the spring 77. In this position under the cover 83 these mounting members 72 and 73 are protected from the influences of the treatment of the workpieces.
In FIG. 6 different embodiments are illustrated at the right hand side and the left hand side and the movable ring 84 is only visible at the left hand side. A annular shield 86 is illustrated in the right hand side of this figure which shield 86 is mounted to the support 62 and covers the annular gap between the cover 83 and the workpiece in order to protect the part located there below from the influences of the treatment chamber. This shield in the shape of a groove must receive during coating treatments the coatings which grow slowly, e.g. an aluminum layer which can be as thick a 7 millimeters. Such coatings can also grow on the cover 83 for which reason this cover is easyly exchangeable and accessible from the treatment chamber 24, which is also true for the loose ring 84 and the shield 86. The right hand side of FIG. 6 illustrates a possible embodiment having only one workpiece supporting plate, i.e. without a heating plate.
FIG. 7 illustrates a top view of the loose ring 84 with the hooks 85 located at its inner edge as well as the mounting members 72 and 73 for acting together with the disk shaped workpiece 61 illustrated with broken lines. In other words, the direction of view originates at the treatemnt chamber 24 when the cover 83 is removed. FIG. 7 illustrates the position after the workpiece support 62 has reached the intermediate position according to FIG. 5 but before the pivoting movement of the mounting members 72 and 73 towards the outside. In other words, the illustration according to FIG. 7 is identical to the situation of the loading position according to FIG. 4 after the mounting members have been pivoted toward the inside if one imagines the loose ring 84 of FIG. 4 to lie in a plane above the workpiece 61 and the mounting members. The two situations mentioned before repeat themselves during the transporting of the workpiece from the treating position back into the loading position. Twice during every treatment cycle with a to and from transport, namely always during the pivoting movement of the mounting members 72 and 73 towards the inside into the position in accordance with FIG. 7 the orientation of the workpiece is corrected. Thereby, the two mounting members 72 are pivotted initially around axes 87 extending parallel to the center axis and not particularly illustrated in FIG. 4 and pressed firmly against a mechanical abutment. The mounting member 73 is thereafter pivoted inwards around the axis 74 also illustrated in FIG. 4. The mounting member presses the workpiece 61 with the edge of the segment 61a (or the flat) softly against the two mounting members 72 and corrects thereby the orientation of the workpieces if the mounting members 72 are not contacted at the same time by the segment edge 61a, i.e. if the mounting members 72 and this edge 61a have not been oriented beforehand parallel. A shifting of the workpiece in the direction against the axis 88 during the procedure of correcting the orientation can be limited in both positions, namely in the loading position by the here not described means for transporting the workpiece from one to the other station and in the intermediate station by the loose ring 84 or parts mounted thereto.
While there is shown and illustrated a present preferred embodiment of the invention it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto, but may be otherwise variously embodied and practiced within the scope of the claims.
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This is most definitely tragic; however, I'm concerned with how this 17 year old will deal with this baggage. For the rest of his life, this will be hanging in his conscience. Both families have a lot to deal with and should seek professional help. At this time the victims should grieve, as well as the defendant.

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With Cam Newton firmly entrenched in the Panthers starting quarterback slot for the foreseeable future, former 2010 second round pick Jimmy Clausen doesn't have many opportunities to make an impression. Until Friday's OTA session, that is. With Newton out of town due to a scheduling conflict on behalf of his charitable foundation (a situation head coach Ron Rivera inadvertently caused by moving up the OTA schedules an extra day) Clausen and veteran QB Derek Anderson took extra reps with the first team. Tom Sorenson elaborates:
"I think I'm getting better each and every day," Clausen says. "Just come out and work hard. The more reps you get, the more times you watch tape, you see different things. You start getting a feel for this game. The speed of the game is probably the biggest adjustment. Now that it'll be my third year it's kind of slowing down to me."
Rivera sees it.
"Jimmy has done some things that will really tell you he has the opportunity and the chance to play," Rivera says. "And I think the thing that's been good to see is how his teammates have come around."
Read more: http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2012/06/01/3284736/carolina-panthers-qb-jimmy-clausen.html


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Here's an easy fix: Take those who have no health insurance and refuse them service in a normal paying ER. If the government wants to help these people, send them to a government run clinic. Who do you think pays for the gang member who comes into the ER for services? The more that individuals use the ER department for care without being insured only increases costs for us all. Trust me...."Frequent fliers" as EMT's call them, cost us all money and time none of us want to spend.
1. Normal Hospital care for those who pay
2. Clinics for those who don't.
Refs....give me a break. Those guys should be tarred and dragged bare bottomed through the streets. Being stiffed in your own house is shameful. Like I tell everybody, never trust anyone who dresses like a convict.
Park- you're probably a beaver or a husky. Thanks for watching, move on to a forum that enjoys your presence there.
I'd like to send out a big THANK YOU!! to another kid who can't perform when the pressure mounts. Geez. That's why kickers are the LAST person you should trust at the end of the game. Ducks...good comeback, but almost doesn't count. Also, hope that kick doesnt cost me my seats to the championship game. Dammit!!!!!!
Couldn't have said it better myself. Inscentives are what drive us to be better and do better. I also find it funny that those who hate wall street nned those same people to help fund their retirements. I'm getting sick of the "entitled class". We don't owe you anything. If someone who barely speaks english can get a job, even if it is a fast food joint, it just shows you are expecting to live a life you haven't earned yet. I worked at fast food joints. Hell, I even sold Kirby vaccum cleaners. Get your act together, and stop telling me how hard life is when you spend your money on "organic" overpriced products and your Iphone sevice.
Valmet- I hate to admit it, but I agree with you. First off, I am in no way racist. My wife and I are a mixed race couple (I am White and pacific islander, she is asian). We refuse to put our beloved children in a school where a community has given up on their children. Let's face it, the areas that are "non White" are not safe enough for us to let our kids attend school there.
I must say that this does not surprise me much. Folks that have worked hard deserve to keep their assets. But here is the kicker.....Why am I paying to help the poor? Poor people are poor because of poor attitudes and poor work ethic. Poor people live in poor neighborhoods and do not take the time to reiforce their children's educations, and in turn, generates a whole new class of people that feel that "WE" (people who actually have money) need to work harder to support them.
One of the main questions I have is, How does someone on welfare recieve a federal income tax "refund" check when they don't pay into the system?
These are the policies that are forcing these divides. Older people want to have their cake and eat it too and have us pick up their tab.
I couldn't agree with you more. I find it quite disturbing how the "99%" crowd is trying to find a witch to burn, when the problem was, for the most part, a lack of financial education and a degree of ignorance of many of the 99%. People should spend more time working to get ahead, instead of looking for a handout.
It's funny. People are quick to turn a blind eye to their own faults, yet even quicker to make someone else pay for those faults. WE ARE SUPPOSED TO BE AMERICANS. Please encourage your friends and neighbors to behave as such. You are only given the OPPORTUNITY to obtain the american dream.....YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO IT.
you want a stimulus plan? Get rid of convicted felons by death. They were useless going in, and are worse coming out. Stop wasting money supporting pieces of trash.
Like I've said on other posts, those who continue to complain and start up a "witch hunt" have no skin in the game. It's easy to tell others what to do with their money and posessions. It's much more impressive in my eyes if you work on helping the problem by providing housing for those who might be "victims" of sterotyping. This is why our tax dollars provide public housing.
Let's also be realistic. These stereotypes are dominant in the public's minds because many times they are true. Not always, but a good number are. Instinct is a landlord's best tool for providing housing for others. Using our gut is one tool that never seems to fail us. Many other investors won't even think of offering housing in certain areas of the city because of the demographic. I am one of them. Business is business. It's all about money. I'm not in the business to help the self percieved "victims".
Also, I don't think people are "racist" as much as "class oriented". I don't care what color you are. But if you want to act like a thug, or cannot speak even a lick of proper english, then I would much assume to pass you off to someone else as the odds are that my place is going to get trashed.
Although I applaud those who try to be "PC" acout things, let's get real. It's easy to call landlords like myself names when you have no skin in the game. Uglyone, that furnace story brings to mind a story when a tenant and his wife "mistakingly" took my washer and dryer.... You want me to pay for being cautious with my possessions? Then I'll be sure to send you the damage bill when one of your "discrimination advocate" tenants ruins my stuff.
Please don't sit there and judge if you don't own any rental properties. It makes you seem like another fool who's upset that he doesn't have any gold. I've worked hard for my position in life. I don't want to be taken down by some lowlife "group" that wants a fair shake. Life isn't fair. GET OVER IT.
Libby, although I do not agree with being racist ( I myself as a person of mixed heritage), I can agree that renting out your property is a process in which you must understand it's a business, not a right. Stereotypes are what they are. The biggest question is, why aren't more blacks and latinos helping to provide housing for their own communities? Any one who owns a rental property (I own several) will know that the first impression you get is the most important. I've had thousands of dollars of damage from a few families with whom I "gave the benefit of doubt". Being a landlord is a risky business, and I don't care what color they are. But it should be my choice. I'm taking the financial risk. Not the damn government. If they want to provide housing for renters that are questionable, fine. But please do not expect me to do it on my dime.
let's teach illegal aliens english so they can change more of our street names.....anyone else still pee'd off about the whole 39th fiasco?
Beavs09: you represent a class of football fan that I'd be glad to share a cold one with at either school before the game.
PEOPLE: It's one thing to root for your school. It's another to be a complete a**hole and straight diss the other side. We all want what's best for our local kids regardless of where they decide to pursue their education. Stop all this bickering and childish crap. I admit I get caught up in it at times, but let's be real.....it's nonsense.
Ducks need to get by Arizona, and the Beavs beating Stanford will only help us. Let's make this a State of Oregon beatdown for both opposing teams!
At 30 years old, I hardly remember the early 80's. I really don't remember much of the 90's in terms of political insight. But there are problems with the way the country is moving today.
-First, let's quit all of this "compassion" talk. Giving lazy people fish will never motivate them to fish for themselves. I've known many who have wanted to provide a better life for their families, and have done so by getting off their rear ends and making something happen.
-Second, I agree with those who feel that social services has become a joke. It started with good intentions, but like anything else that comes easier than actually working it has become a safety net for those who refuse to make it work.
-I recently had to evict a tenant from one of my rental homes. When I asked why he wasn't out looking for work, he explained to me that his unemployment paid more than working a minimum wage job, so "Why should I work? I'm better off sitting here!" That was the day I realized that the system is failing us.
-Finally, if you liberals and the like want to help people by providing for them, why don't they give back to us? If someone is getting public assistance, why aren't they cleaning the parks or public toilets?
No one person or family should get a free ride. If you want Socialist benefits, then make them work for it.
Cedarmillkahune: DITTO! I agree with you.
Families that can't teach their children responsibility should not be able to blame the K-12 system. The reason is simple. Have your kid put up, or shut up. Putting the blame on a single teacher in 1 year of your children's education is like blaming your elementary basketball coach for your inability to play in the NBA.
Many parents do not take the time to encourage and reinforce the lessons being taught to their children. My kid can't read.......it's the teacher!!!! Give me a freaking break. Spend time with your kids, and maybe you won't have to spend money later bailing them out of jail.
timmytom, I hate to say it, but I completely agree with you. The community as a whole doesn't want to take responsibility for their own. So the softies who want to "help" willingly waste tax dollars on those who do not want to do for themselves. Sorry, but I'm not willing to risk my hide for young punks who have no idea how to behave in a functioning society.
It's a shame that these neighborhoods were once vibrant and beautiful. Now I won't drive through there with my doors unlocked.
Anyone want to take bets on how many of their (thugs, wanna be gangsters) children we the taxpayers will be supporting?
Nwokie: I Agree with you. I'm tired of those parents and administrators who choose not have their children learn at home blame the school system for the lack of their child's education. Mr. Buel misses the point when talking about the "Affluent four" high schools. Parents who can afford affluent neighborhoods place a value on their children's education. Most of those who live in neighborhoods with less means do not. Don't blame the lack of programs, the "vulnerable" need to be taken care of at home before they can blame the pps. Give me a break. The lazy are always looking for an excuse as to why they don't succeed when it's simple...A LACK OF WORK ETHIC.
Vandal78 and those like him are ok with taking cheap shots at other teams. The BSU players are coached to play dirty under the guise that they are "just playing physical". Give me a break. Every game I've watched with these blue field clowns comes down to the same thing. Spear the best player, play dirty, and pretend they belong to the party. Give me a break. When these morons play a schedule that actually tests their team week in and week out they can make their claim. They're just a bunch of mailroom clerks pretending they deserve CEO pay. YOU WILL GET JUMPED IN THE POLLS. NOBODY WANTS YOU AT THE PARTY. there is a reason you are called "party crashers". You didn't get an invite, you never chip in for punch, and you bring ugly girls with you...
I find it intersting that folks are quick to defend those that came here illegally. As a firefighter, I can tell you how much of a pain in the A@@ it is when I have to hlep those that live here but cant speak the language. On another note though, I think that the overall message here was that those that want to LEGALLY cross our borders need to be able to speak the language. Stop wasting teachers that are scarce as it is to teach illegal's children.
Offenders like this should be buried beneath the earth. I can't believe that we as a society pay good taxpayer money to keep these types of offenders alive. A bullet is MUCH cheaper.


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There are at least three bands to have recorded under the name of Swan.
1. SWAN is a melodic hardcore band from East Central Indiana. 2. Swan is Italian singer and producer Giancarlo Cinelli. The act was arranged by Claudio Cattafesta
Alex Cundari, Gino Caria and Sandro Oliva.
Swan recorded the hits "Don't Talk About It", "General Custer", "Keep Me Satisfied" and "Shinning Star". 3. The Vancouver, BC, Canada based hard rock group Swan, formed 2010 by Murray Atkinson, Platinum Award Winner of the 2007 CFox Vancouver Seeds Radio Contest.
Read more about Swan on Last.fm.
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Celebrity Sloring: Bossip Counts Down The Dumbest Fads Celebrities Try For Publicity That Normal People Can't Get Away With- By Bossip Staff Categories: Attention Slores, Caught Looking Busted, Celeb Association
Divorces, adoption and adult videos are all covered! Face it: celebrities can do isht that the rest of us can't. Why? Because they're celebrities. Fair? No. But that's life. They get to do a million different slor-y things that, if we tried, would ruin our lives. Here are 10 examples. Feel free to add more!
10. Hipster Glasses - Do you know how much glasses cost? They're hundreds of dollars. When we buy pairs of glasses, we wear them every freaking day. Celebrities can spend money on stupid a$$ hipster glasses that they wear once because it's a cool fad? Whatever dude.
9. Man Purses - You ever see guys just walking around with man purses? Nope. But celebrities get to do it all the time without anyone batting an eye. Look at Weezy rocking a mini-purse. He can't even put anything in there! But since he's rich, it's cool?
8. Dress Buck Booty Naked - Lil Kim got to pull a ta-ta out on the red carpet! If you went out half-naked to a show, you'd get shown the door in no time. But these people get to dress like strippers and go out wherever they want.
7. Get A Reality Show Whenever The Eff They Feel Like It - Here's a rhyme for you: Money's low?/ Get a reality show! It must be nice to just call up VH1 and say, "hey, I want a reality show because I have an overdraft". Those things are the bailout that us normal people don't ever get.
6. Dress Like Bozo The Clown - What would you have worn on Fashion Week? Maybe a nice skirt or a suit or something? Imagine if you look like the Ghost of Jolly Rancher's past. You would have damn near gotten laughed out of New York.
5. Go To Jail For Fun Or Never Go To Jail...Ever - Imagine going to jail. You'd lose your job. Your family. Your money. But celebrities go to jail and come out even better looking than before. Or they get away with murder *coughOJcough* and skate. But don't YOU try that slick isht or you'll be in the booty house in no time.
4. Make A Homemade Video - You know what kind of video we're talking about. The one with the amateur camera work and the awkward close-ups. The ones that made Kim Kardashian famous. But if your dirty tape came out? You'd be the hoe that can't keep her business out in the street.
3. Be Single And Get Knocked Up Just Because They Effing Feel Like It - Remember when you or a friend of yours got pregnant a little earlier than expected? Remember how that jacked up your whole life for a little bit? Well, celebrities can always afford babies so getting an unexpected treat isn't a big deal. Hell, Halle planned to get pregnant just because she wanted to.
2. Adopt Little Black Babies Just Because - Remember when little African babies were like designer purses for these broads? Do you know how difficult it is to adopt a baby? Let alone one from another continent? But these people just do it when they want to make a splash and look like they're so charitable. Really?


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It probably doesn't matter that Clint Dempsey's now-famous daisy-cutter turned poor, hapless Robert Green into the best football punchline since Titus Bramble. See, even in the wake of the U.S.'s 1-1 draw vs. England at the 2010 World Cup, one … Continue reading
I'm still shocked at Glen Johnson's £17.5m price tag. Bumping up Liverpool's record defensive transfer fee by some £10m is a lot to take. It's only a year since they paid around £7m for Andreas Dossena. It's only 18 months … Continue reading


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There is a vast range of information on and teaching material on information and digital literacy skills on the web. Here we aim to give you an indication of what is happening in all library sectors in enhancing different aspects of information literacy and to give you practical advice on how to create teaching resources and to improve your teaching techniques.
Teaching materials – this section introduces different sites that host and link to IL teaching materials including national and international repositories and institutional and organisational websites. There is also guidance about how to create your own teaching material and how to find material using Google. How to re-use existing material is also covered in this section.
Developing your teaching – this section will give you support for teaching both in terms of the theory of teaching information literacy and practical help in improving teaching techniques, including links to workshops and training courses.


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Computers4Kids (C4K) is a Charlottesville nonprofit serving the community for over 12 years. We strive to improve low income youth's computer & learning skills through caring mentorship, structured training, a vibrant learning environment, and access to a computer at home. The program uses computers as a catalyst for youth to challenge themselves, become engaged in their own learning, and realize greater possibilities academically, professionally, and for their community.
C4K depends on donations to meet the digital accessibility and mentoring needs of low-income youth in the area. Donate today to help us continue to meet these needs in our community.
96% of Computers4Kids participants graduate high school on-time versus the 77% rate for all local, low-income students. Apply to volunteer & have a life-changing impact on a deserving child.
At C4K members follow their own interests, explore technology, and hang out with friends after school. Register today! To be eligible for Computers4Kids, participants should be: A resident of


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Strange coincidence things that happen
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Join Date: Jul 2008
Location: USA
Posts: 2,378
Re: Strange coincidence things that happen
Originally Posted by
The Old Hyde
another one, there is another thread right now is talking about Don Henley....hotel California just came on the radio at work while I was reading it.
Ooh...that reminds me of a weird radio story.
Back in the summer of '89 when I was 16, I drove my dad's truck all over town with my step-sister who is only a couple years younger than me, so we had a lot of the same friends and interests.
Every time she came along with me somewhere, we heard the Billy Joel song "We Didn't Start The Fire". Now I realize it was a popular song that summer and it was everywhere but it was uncanny how EVERY SINGLE TIME we went to the movies, mall, or even a 5 minute trip to the gas station for smokes, that song came on.
One time were even a few blocks from home and remarked that it was weird that we haven't heard our Billy Joel song. Right after that, it started playing!!
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text: Maria Gabriela Ruiz (Lozano), MA, is a board member of EMDR Mexico and AMAMECRISIS. She is in private practice in Mexico City, where she specializes in adult trauma related to depression, eating disorders, phobias and anxiety disorders. She is an international lecturer on utilizing EMDR with trauma related disorders. In addition, she gives advanced EMDR trainings on depression and eating disorders.


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Today is turning out to be a really good Friday. Not only do we now know that True Blood Season 6 will premiere on Sunday June 16th, but the ladies over at True-blood.net are reporting that we will see the first new promo on Sunday night before the season premiere of Game of Thrones.
Heads up Truebies! HBO has just informed us that there will be a special preview clip airing just before the Game of Thrones premiere this Sunday, March 31. The preview will feature new footage from upcoming episodes.
Following the preview debut you will be able to watch the clip on YouTube and on HBO's official True Blood website. The Inside True Blood blog will also be back and the clip will be available there.
It finally feels like the season 6 ball is starting to roll. Don't forget to check back with us on Sunday night as we will post the promo as soon as we get hold of it, and of course let us know what you all think.
Will the new footage feature our favorite Viking or give us a clue as to how Sookie escapes the evil clutches of Bilith? We certainly hope so!
(UPDATE: We have received a second confirmation from an HBO source that the first True Blood promo will air before the Game of Thrones premiere)


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Cable engineering female revolution
Posted: February 12, 2013|
BUSINESS minister Dr Vince Cable has urged more women to go into engineering to help solve the UK's chronic skills shortage.
On a visit to GE Aviation in Bishop's Cleeve, Dr Cable said perceptions of manufacturing and engineering as male-dominated sectors had to change.
Dr Cable spent over an hour at GE Aviation, chatting with apprentices, graduates and other employees at the jet and turboprop engines systems manufacturer.
He was accompanied by Alan Jones, managing director of the GE Aviation site and Mark Elborne, president of GE UK and successfully "landed" an aircraft on a flight simulator, helped byapprentice Duncan MacKellar.
Dr Cable took special interest in GE Aviation's Girls Get Set (science, engineering and technology) which goes into schools to encourage young woman to consider careers in the industry.
He met Kimberley Kirkham, who founded the scheme, and Louise Davis, who leads the Girls Get Set team.
He said: "We have a chronic shortage of engineers in the country as a whole, at graduate, post graduate and craftsmen level.
"Women are a great source of potential which, as a country, we have not tapped before.
"It partly goes back to stereotypes. Girls doing dolls, boys doing cars, that level. Further up the schools system it is getting young women interested in doing maths, physics and engineering as a special subject.
"It is a hard slog because we are fighting against an old cultural tradition.
"We must change perceptions of this industry, which is why its important we work with others to tell the real story and inspire young people. GE Aviation does just that."
He said attitudes to apprenticeships were changing in a very positive way.
"We have had a massive increase in apprenticeships over the past two to three years.
"Young people see the attraction of it and employers see it as a very good brand they want to identify with.
"And although we have scarce resources in Government we are putting more resources behind apprenticeships because we think it is a very good model that works.
"GE Aviation reminds us why manufacturing remains one of our national success stories and lies at the heart of the Government's Industrial Strategy for making our economy stronger.
"The company is a key example of business investing in in the skills of its local workforce via its world class apprenticeship programme."
Alan Jones said: "Our facility has been very active in partnering with the Government on business growth initiatives and employee training efforts.
"Our graduate and apprenticeship programme has resulted in our business developing a stronger talent pool to fill our employment needs."


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"Dick Cheney watches television": The four previously unseen 9/11 photos that will make you hate the evil VP all over again
Topics: Sex, Love and Sex, Pornography, Life News
When it comes to Internet porn, I thought I'd seen it all — and then I stumbled on a goblin gang-bang. I'm talking 3-D animation of a group of bony, pale little creatures with bug-eyes and gnarled noses having their way with a buxom virtual woman. Every wart, every diseased fingernail, rendered in painstaking detail.
This was my introduction to the world of computer-generated X-rated fare via Renderotica, the leading purveyor of such content, and goblins are only the start of it. There are zombies, aliens, demons, werewolves, vampires — virtually every ghoulish character found at your local Halloween emporium — and, folks, they are butt-naked and boning. Most often, these are interspecies pairings between a female human and a male otherworldly beast of some sort (or beasts, plural). It isn't all action shots, though: There are pinups of virtual girls, ranging from the tame (i.e., bikini poses) to the bizarre (i.e., a woman rendered with a vagina for a mouth).
And there's more! The site also sells tools for making your own virtual porn, including special packs of designer "naughty bits" (e.g., the "Hot Beef Injection" download for $12), fetish gear, sex toys, positions and, yes, even artfully constructed pubic hair.
When I stumbled across Renderotica, I had two thoughts: 1) "So this exists!" and 2) "I have to interview the person behind this." Andrew, the site's 39-year-old Canadian owner, was happy to chat with me about the appeal of anime girls, self-directed porn and why he draws the virtual line at minors, bestiality and rape.
How would you describe what Renderotica is, exactly?
Basically, it's a community for 3-D artists that specializes in erotic art. The way the site originated was as a marketplace where people could buy the tools and assets that are used in the production of 3-D erotic art.
We get a mix — people who produce the art and want to contribute to the galleries, and a lot of people who just want to come and view the art and don't have an inkling to produce their own. What happens quite often is that somebody sees some artwork on the Internet, it draws them to Renderotica, they're intrigued by the possibility of creating their own, and then before you know it they're starting to purchase the applications to create their own art.
How complicated is it making this stuff?
It's actually [pretty] approachable for new users. You don't need to be a 3-D modeler or animator, you don't even need to be an artist. The applications do a lot of the work for you. Over the last three or four years we've seen a drastic upswing because the hardware is getting faster, computers are able to produce this art quicker, and the software has gotten that much better, the ability to compose and light a scene is becoming easier. These are entry-level applications, they aren't the type people at Pixar would use to create feature-length movies.
Basically, these programs give you the power to be your own pornographer.
Yeah. We get a real mix [of visitors to the site]: We have people who just like to do pinups, so they're tasteful art. And then, of course, there are people who explore the most dark, depraved corners of their minds. They like to let their imagination run away with them.
Why X-rated animation? Why not porn featuring actual humans? What's the draw?
It's accessibility. You don't have to hire actors or a film crew. You don't need photographers. It's something someone can do on their own. It also provides a venue for exploring things you can't do with real people. There's a lot of fantasy artwork on there. You've got elves and orcs and aliens, so it it's not practical to be able to do that in live action.
What are the most common search terms on the site?
We currently don't store search terms, but generally what has a lot of appeal is fantasy style erotica consisting of the classic orcs, goblins and elves. Also, a popular genre is sci-fi with aliens of all shapes and sizes.
What's the most bizarre thing you've seen on the site?
When you're dealing with an art medium where the limit is the artist's imagination, it's very hard to pick out just one bizarre piece out of the whole pile. I suppose if I had to choose, it would have to be an entire sub-genre I personally call "improbably large breast art." Generally, most people keep the 3D models within their predefined limits, which are still very broad, but there are body-morphs available that allow for Zeppelin-sized mammaries. In 3D art the term "too much of a good thing" doesn't fit every situation apparently.
What boundaries do you draw in terms of what's allowable on the site — for example, do you allow 3-D models that look underage?
It's a very gray zone. Depending on which country you're in there are different rules. What we've always abided by is U.S. law. As such, we don't allow any underage artwork, period. It doesn't even matter if it doesn't include any sexual content. It's the same with bestiality. We don't allow any animal sex. A lot of people want to come on the site and do non-consensual sex, and we don't allow that either. Those are the three areas we steer clear of.
I would imagine there must be corners on the Web where people are producing that kind of 3-D animation, though?
Yeah, I'm sure they are. Every once in a while someone will try to sneak something in. They'll do a fairy image where they look like they're 10 years old with wings and, no, that's not gonna fly. We don't want to touch it, but we have to admit that, yeah, it's probably going on and they probably use the technology to do that. We certainly don't condone it.
I know with bestiality, in a lot of countries there's no problem with it at all. But our servers are based in the U.S. and we don't want to have any problems with law enforcement.
Dick Cheney watches television


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Teemu Pulkkinen hasn't played a regular season NHL game yet, but he already has a hearing with the Department of Player Safety. The hearing is set for Thursday.
Pulkkinen was giving the option for an in person hearing, rather than one over the phone, because the suspension is expected to be for five or more games.
The hit in question early on in the Wings second preseason game against the Chicago Blackhawks on Tuesday. At the 2:16 mark in the first period Pulkkinen was called for boarding Hawks defenseman Michael Kostka and received a game misconduct.
Kostka was unable to return to the game and after the game coach Joel Quenneville described the hit as "very dangerous". No word yet on how much time Kostka might miss.
Pulkkinen missed last season with the Red Wings' affiliate in Grand Rapids. He played in two regular season games and 14 postseason games. He tallied 5 points (3 goals, 2 assists) and 10 penalty minutes.
Unfortunately since the game was not televised in either market there is no video of the hit, unless the NHL releases the footage. So for anyone who hasn't seen it, it is hard to judge. But going by descriptions it was a bad hit and no one is surprised that a suspension would be coming.
Now we just have to wait and see how long it will be for.


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Keep an eye to the north after dark Saturday night because there's a chance you might be in for a treat.
There's the possibility of northern lights because of a big solar flare that erupted on Thursday.
And for once, the Vermont weather will probably cooperate.
Obviously, you need clear skies to see the aurora and I think it will get mostly clear tonight. There will be clouds and a little snow around today (Saturday) but that should break apart this evening.
If you do go outside to see if the northern lights are out there, put on LOTS of clothes. It looks like the temperature will fall through the single numbers this evening, heading toward subzero readings early Sunday morning.


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Utricularia radiata
Native in Florida
Utricularia radiata is occasionally found growing in swamps and lakes from the peninsula west to the central panhandle of Florida (Wunderlin, 2003). It blooms from spring to summer and occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
For brief control information, see Efficacy of Herbicide Active Ingredients Against Aquatic Weeds by K. Langeland, M. Netherland, and W. Haller.


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Happy Friday peeps!! Don't you love four day work weeks? It's even better when it's a 3 day work week! I took today to head to my home away from home Philadelphia for Women Get Social Blogging Conference. The last SITS girls conference I attended accelerated my blog career by a million so to say […]
Why OneBar Is My New Favorite Healthy Snack + A Giveaway!
NYC Fit Brunch!
Burn The Fat Feed The Muscle – A Review & Giveaway!
Friday Fitness Check In – Going EXTRA Hard
Kale Salad – Just Yum.
Crazy Sexy Kale Salad! Today we are talking about Kale, Kale Salad in particular. Hanging out in the wellness blogosphere, Kale is ALL THE RAGE. I'm always hearing about new recipes, people throwing it into Green smoothies with no abandon, there is even Kale Chips?! (I think anything with chips next to it sounds quite yummy […]


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Oulton Park Mini Festival08/08/2015
One of the UK's greatest motoring icons will be celebrated at the second Oulton Park Mini Festival, with a bumper line-up of entertainment on and off the track.
Alsager Farmers Market22/08/2015
Alsager Farmers' Market is run in conjunction with Alsager Chamber of Trade to encourage visitors to the South Cheshire market town. Held every third Saturday of the Month
A Night In The Spotlight12/09/2015
ACTON AMATEUR OPERATIC SOCIETY present An evening of song from Broadway and West End Musicals
Charity Golf Day in aid of Empowering Youth Foundation17/09/2015
Charity Golf Day in aid of Empowering Youth Foundation
Spock's Beard live at Club Academy, Manchester03/10/2015
Spock's Beard plus Synaesthesia and Special Providence at Club Academy, Manchester, on 3rd October 2015.
Neil Howard Stage Rally and Fireworks07/11/2015
With a laid-back end-of-term atmosphere, the Neil Howard Rally and Fireworks has established itself as the perfect Oulton Park season-closer.


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Vince Neil of Motley Crue Hospitalized!
It seems that you can, in fact, stop the rock. Motley Crue frontman Vince Neil was on stage in Sydney, Australia, today when he began experiencing internal pain and was rushed to the hospital for kidney stones.
The 52-year-old rock musician was admitted to the emergency room for treatment while bandmates Nikki Sixx and Mick Mars took to twitter to explain the situation and apologize to fans.
Sixx wrote, "Sorry Sydney for a short set tonight but Vince had to be rushed to the hospital for internal pain. Will update you on his progress." Mars added, "Sydney, my apologies for a short set this evening. Vince had an attack of kidney stones. He went straight from stage to the hospital."
Word is still out on whether or not the heavy metal uber-band's current tour, partnered with fellow '80s rock legends KISS and Thin Lizzy, will be further affected by Neil's condition. We certainly wish him a speedy recovery!
Sources: Huffington Post, Twitter


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Oaklawn: Oxbow staying home for Rebel
HOT SPRINGS, Ark. – Oxbow is to make his next start in the Grade 2, $600,000 Rebel at Oaklawn Park on March 16 and will be ridden by Mike Smith, trainer D. Wayne Lukas said on Tuesday.
Oxbow had been under consideration for the Louisiana Derby after winning the Grade 3 Lecomte at Fair Grounds in January and returning to New Orleans last month and finishing a close fourth in the Grade 2 Risen Star.
"He's going in the Rebel," Lukas said Tuesday. "There's a couple of reasons. He's training well here at home in Arkansas. And I've shipped him twice already, and I think rather than ship him three times, I'm going keep him here and try him here."
Lukas said that Will Take Charge, winner of the $150,000 Smarty Jones at Oaklawn in January, will also run in the Rebel. Jon Court, who has been riding both Oxbow and Will Take Charge, will be aboard Will Take Charge in the Rebel, said Lukas.
[DERBY WATCH: Top 20 Kentucky Derby contenders with odds and video]
Both horses were out for six-furlong works early Tuesday morning at Oaklawn, with Oxbow going in 1:13.80 in the first set, and Will Take Charge in 1:13.60 in the second set. The works were conducted from the 5 1/2-furlong pole to a sixteenth of a mile past the wire. Both horses worked by themselves under exercise rider Rudy Quevedo, on an Oaklawn surface that had material added to it on Monday.
Oxbow ranks eighth on the latest Kentucky Derby points leader board with 16 points, while Will Take Charge is 16th on the list, with 10 points. The new points system will determine preference into the Kentucky Derby if the May 4 race is oversubscribed.
The Rebel is worth 50 points to the winner, as well 20 points to second, 10 to third and 5 to fourth. It will be run at 1 1/16 miles and is Oaklawn's final prep for the Grade 1, $1 million Arkansas Derby on April 13.
Oxbow closed at 31-1 in last weekend's second pool of the Kentucky Derby Future Wager. He races for Calumet Farm, while Will Take Charge is owned by Willis D. Horton.
oxbow is sitting on a big race after the wide trip for most of the way last time.


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Police dog finds suspect near Fowey wanted in connection with burglary
Posted: October 29, 2012|
A 23 year old man has been arrested on suspicion of burglary following a police search of a rural area near Fowey.
Officers received information during the evening of Friday 26 October and as a resulted mounted a planned operation around an isolated coastal property in Lanteglos near Fowey.
As a result and following a sustained and tenacious search by the Police Dog, the handler and supporting Special Constable in this isolated and difficult terrain area the suspect was arrested on suspicion of burglary. He was then detained at Launceston Police Station.
A subsequent search of an address in Penzance was then carried out by Officers from Penzance Police Station and the investigation is being continued by Detectives from Liskeard CID and Bodmin Scenes of Crime Officers.
Further arrests are anticipated in connection with the investigation. The suspect, a Lithuanian national, has been released on conditional Police Bail pending the conclusion of those arrests and further enquiries.
He was released on police bail and is due to return to the police on 17 January 2013.


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Welcome to Cool Stuff, a weekly feature where we post our favorite links from the past week, including our favorite articles and how-tos, videos, images and more.
Another slow week, folks, but there's always something to talk about, so here it is…
- Headshot photographer Peter Hurley has a new tutorial video out called "The Art Behind the Headshot." Our full review is forthcoming, but so far it looks like a must-have for any portrait photographer, not just headshot photographers.
- If you know about Peter Hurley, you've seen him shoot with Kino-Flo lights and you know how awesome they are. Here's a video that gives you some info about how to build your own for about $100.
- Think being a National Geographic photographer is cool? Well, yes, it undoubtedly is, but it's also a hazardous job. The Photo Society, a group of photographers who have been published in NatGeo have a reality check for you about working there. Our scariest incidents: Various Parasites or Trips into Chernobyl Reactor.
- Still wanna be a NatGeo photographer? William Allard, who's been published in those hallowed pages describes how he landed his gig.
- Photographer Matthew Gore has a great video (below) showing how shutters in our DSLRs work, and why this is important to flash users.
- Think high-speed photography might be your thing? Then have a look at this tutorial from DIYPhotography.
- Reuters has published their list of the 100 best photos of 2011. Here it is, for your viewing pleasure.
- Timelapse photography is everywhere. Good timelapse photography, though, deserves a mention when it comes around. This Oregon timelapse falls into the latter category.
- Our friends at DPS show you how to create a timelapse in Lightroom
- Finally, we leave you with Stephen Colbert's scathing commentary on CNN's recent layoff of photographers. Their reason? The accessibility of quality cameras. Translation: people work for super-cheap, even free.
That's it for this week's cool stuff. If you have something you think should be included, let us know! Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Sohail Mamdani is a writer and photographer based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Follow him on Twitter. You can find his blog at anymedium.com and his work on 500px.
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Saturday, August 01, 2015
We've already shown you Edmunds' list of the 50 worst cars. But what about the best cars? Here are the 50 best cars as ranked by Edmunds.
48. 1996 Audi A4: As Edmunds notes, Audi was floundering prior to the debut of the Audi A4, but the car's success helped to save the company's brand. (Photo: John Drinkwater, Flickr)
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The goal of our Avian + Exotic Service is to provide superior medical and surgical care to a wide varietry of family pets, other than dogs and cats. This service is available for appointments Monday through Friday during regular business hours. The Emergency Medicine Service provides emergency care for "special species" patients 24 hours, 7 days per week.
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Species Assisted:
The Avian + Exotic Service was established with
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Utilizing a team of internists, surgeons, emergency
clinicians and specialist in avian medicine, the
PESC will provide the excellent medical and surgical
care your pet deserves.


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Gift Premium Subscription To Projectfdw
Join Date:08-02-2011
Last Activity:07-04-2015 8:22 PM
- Single
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- Nj
Posted in thread: Help with my saison on 03-29-2014 at 09:56 PM
I brewed an extract saison 4 weeks ago. I made a mistake with my hop additions and when I
tasted a sample today it was crazy bitter. Hoping some of the bitterness was that when I got
the sample with t...
Posted in thread: Caramel Apple Hard Cider on 03-02-2014 at 08:12 PM
First cider so I have a few questions. But first some adaptations I made:Used brown sugar
instead of dextroseUsed a cider yeast(dry but I can't remember which)Left in primary for 3
weeks to a FG of 0....
Posted in thread: Another fruit fly question(a bit different) on 09-28-2013 at 01:38 AM
-Dead fruit flies in airlock for a few weeks-airlock was filled with vodka-Decided to add some
more because the level was low- a few of the flies blew back into the fermentor-og: 1.065.
Current is 1.0...
Posted in thread: Founder's Breakfast Stout Clone on 06-22-2013 at 03:12 PM
Brewed an extract version of the recipe and put it on top of 1oz French oak chips(soaked in
makers mark for 2 week) for 1 week. Bottled on 11-9-12. 7 months later and the oak is still
overpowering. An...
Posted in thread: 3 FLoyds Zombie Dust attempt. Help/info requested on 12-30-2012 at 07:26 PM
Looking for some guidance on my ZD clone. Finished low at 1.011. Sg 1.064. Extract. S04Only
bottled a week but my football team is so bad I needed a diversion. Never had the real deal so
I don't know ...
Posted in thread: Founder's Breakfast Stout Clone on 12-26-2012 at 02:57 AM
By the way.... Bottled on 11/9/12. So everyone who said 6 weeks was too soon was right.
Posted in thread: Founder's Breakfast Stout Clone on 12-26-2012 at 02:55 AM
Split a bottle of this brew( a bit different bc I put 1oz of French oak chips and 5oz bourbon)
and it was really rough. Still tastes like drinking coffee in a cup made of oak. It has so much
Posted in thread: Remove dry hops before cold crash on 12-20-2012 at 02:37 PM
Rouse the yeast probably wasn't the ought phrase. Just wondering if it is sunk ( haven't
checked) that it would nullify the effects of the cold crash and cloud the beer. I will leave
as is.
Posted in thread: Remove dry hops before cold crash on 12-20-2012 at 02:10 PM
I have 3oz of citra dryhopping in a muslin bag in my zombie dust clone. Threw them directly
into primary. Looking to cold crash tonight. Any thoughts on removing the hops before the cold
crash. I put ...
Posted in thread: Founder's Breakfast Stout Clone on 11-17-2012 at 02:30 AM
Well curiosity got the best of me.... I tried a bottle after just one week. I know I know... A
wasted beer but I didn't have much else in the house. Real pod carbonation. Nice 2 finger head.
But it sm...


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PIKEVILLE – The University of Pikeville-Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine recently held its annual graduation banquet honoring graduates and faculty members.
Alice Ann Higdon, D.O, of Fancy Farm, received the Dean's Award and was named Student D.O. of the Year. The Dean's Award is presented to the student whose leadership, humanity and loyalty to the profession exemplify the ideals, mission and goals of KYCOM. The Student D.O. of the Year award is presented by the Council of Student Government Presidents to the student who best exemplifies the ideal qualities of an osteopathic medical student. The award is based on service to the school, the community and osteopathic medicine. Clifford William Bowers, III, D.O., of Augusta, Ga., received the John A. Strosnider, D.O. Memorial Scholarship Award. The award recognizes a KYCOM graduate who exemplifies Dr. Strosnider's commitment to family medicine and his love and dedication to osteopathic medicine and the osteopathic profession. Joshua Dean Watts, D.O., of Hazard, received the James E. Campbell, D.O., Award. The award is presented by the James E. Campbell Education Fund to a deserving KYCOM graduate from the Appalachian region of Kentucky. Jennifer Lynn Dotson, D.O., of Ransom, received the Stephen M. Payson, M.S., Memorial Scholarship Award, presented to a KYCOM graduate from the Appalachian region who exemplifies Payson's commitment to the mission of the medical school and the promotion of the osteopathic profession. The awards were presented by Boyd R. Buser, D.O., FACOFP, vice president for health affairs and dean, KYCOM.
Anna Ellen Louise Johnson, D.O., of Turkey Creek, received the Board of Trustees Award and the Muniramiah Krishnamurthy, M.D. Award. The Board of Trustees Award is presented for academic excellence to the student earning the highest grade point average during the first two years of medical school and was presented by Terry Dotson, chairman of the University of Pikeville Board of Trustees. The Muniramiah Krishnamurthy, M.D. Award is presented for excellence in internal medicine and was presented by Ambika Krishnamurthy, D.O., assistant professor of osteopathic principles and practice and M.J. Indiramma, B.Sc., B.Ed., retired biology teacher, Bangalore, India.
Joshua Timothy Minix, D.O., of Salyersville, received the President's Award. The President's Award is presented to the student who has demonstrated clinical excellence, earning the highest average score on clinical rotations and was presented by University of Pikeville President Paul Patton.
Ashley Faye Clevenger, D.O., of Ashland, received the Mr. Dharam Pal Kashyap Award presented for excellence in pediatrics. The award was presented by Rakesh Sachdeva, M.D., chair, division of pediatrics at KYCOM.
Jeremy Paul Jackson, D.O., of Washington Court House, Ohio, received the Excellence in Emergency Medicine Award. The award was sponsored by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine and awarded for excellence in emergency medicine. The award was presented by William T. Betz, D.O., M.B.A., FACOFP, dist., senior associate dean for osteopathic medical education at KYCOM.
Brad Richard Kelly, D.O., of Georgetown, and Alisha Ann Rust, D.O., of Cold Spring, received The Doctors Foundation Award for Family Medicine Residents. The awards are presented by the Doctors Foundation of Greater Cincinnati, Ohio, to students committed to living in Greater Cincinnati during residency and who exhibit excellence in academics, vision for family medicine and service to community.
Beth Kaufman, of Louisville, received the Donna Jones Moritsugu Award. The honor recognizes the spouse of a graduating student who best exemplifies the role of a professional's partner who is supportive of mate, family and profession. Kaufman's husband, Clinton Joseph Kaufman, D.O., is a member of the KYCOM class of 2013.
Damian Lee Cole, D.O., of Isom, Cecil Todd Hollen. D.O., of Manchester, John Thomas Manire, D.O., of Hopkinsville, Natasha Rozelle Phillips, D.O., of Carthage, Miss., and Richard Kyle Wheeling, D.O., of Elizabethtown received the Ram's Head Award. The awards were presented by Laura Griffin, D.O., FAAO, associate professor of Osteopathic Principles and Practice and chair of the department of OPP, for the Fellowship Program in recognition of outstanding achievements in Osteopathic Principles and Practice.
Fadi Al Akhrass, M.D., of Pikeville, Matthew W. Cusano, M.D., of Norton, Va., and Timothy A. Jones, M.D., of Ashland, received Clinical Excellence in Medical Education Awards. Nominated by students, the awards were presented to physicians who served as outstanding role models, provided excellent clinical education and demonstrated professionalism in the art and science of medicine.
Sree Suryadevara, M.D., of Hazard, received the Clinical Medical Educator of the Year Award. The award is presented to the clinical preceptor who has served with distinction in and dedication to medical education for the students of KYCOM.


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Posted at: 10/27/2012 8:49 PM
Updated at: 10/27/2012 11:34 PM
A retired firefighter from the Ridge Road Fire District has been charged with the possession of drugs.
Greece Police charged 53-year-old Thomas S. Chennell and 51-year-old Leeann M. Chennell with third-degree criminal possession of a controlled substance and second-degree criminal possession of marijuana.
Both were arraigned in Greece Town Court and committed to the Monroe County jail on bail of $2,500.