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Not able to attach files to my threads...
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Mad About Drums
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Join Date: Oct 2011
Location: Shropshire, UK
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Re: Not able to attach files to my threads...
Originally Posted by
It does not give me that option.All it gives me is the main area to type with the toolbar, then when I scroll down, I get the misc. options which lets me show my signature and auto parse links in my text, then the attach files box is right below that, and gives me the valid file extensions that I can upload, ie. avi, bmp,jpeg,mp3 and so on...Nowhere does it say manage attachments or anything.
When you reply to a post, you do that via the "quote" icon on the lower right hand corner of the post you wish to reply, right?
The "Reply to Thread" window open up, it is where you write your reply, but when you scroll down a bit, you see a second window.
The second window is called "Additional Options", and it feature a "Manage Attachments" icon, you click on it, a
reduced widow open up, then you can chose to upload up to 10 files, once you've selected your file(s), you click the "Upload" icon, the names of the file(s) you wish to upload will be shown in the "Additional Options" window, you then click the "Submit Reply" icon. (or alternatively, you can click the "preview Post" if you wish to see what your post will look like before submitting it.
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While publicity is always good to have, the DJ Qualls police beating is pretty much the worst way you could possibly get back in the public eye. "I was tackled, he put his forearm against the back of my head pushed it into the road, busting open my chin..dont wanna relive," Qualls tweeted about the alleged incident, which reportedly happened Friday while the actor was in Vancouver filming an episode of Supernatural. "Was not arrested b/c was innocent. I was handcuffed and bleeding while the cop kept saying to me, 'you think youre f—ing better than me?" This sounds awful. Plus if we remember The New Guy correctly, DJ Qualls weights about 75 lbs soaking wet. It would be like pummeling a Swiffer Sweeper! Why would anyone do such a thing?
Qualls says he "literally did nothing wrong" to incite the incident, which he claims happened after he approached police to alert them to a domestic violence situation he had witnessed on the street. The Vancouver Sun reports that the police department has already begun an internal investigation into the incident. Tweet Qualls yesterday, "The events of Friday night in no way shape or inform my opinions of Vancouver or Canada as a whole. I feel fortunate I get to work here." Though, imagine how fortunate he would feel if he hadn't gotten a surprise Canadian beatdown.

subset: commoncrawl


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ABCbodybuilding - View Single Post - The Journey of a pHD bodybuilder - Train, Eat, and Think like a Pro!
The Journey of a pHD bodybuilder - Train, Eat, and Think like a Pro!
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Adam Knowlden
Adam Knowlden
should change his/her status!
Olympia Contender
Join Date: Apr 2001
Location: Calvary
Posts: 12,496
Re: The Journey of a pHD bodybuilder - Train, Eat, and Think like a Pro!
Hi Venom,
Here is a great back exercise you can try.
You use the assisted pull-up machine. I know people tend to think this machine is for weaklings, but I love it. It allows me to achieve very intense static contractions.
Here is what you'll do. Go to the assisted machine. I recommend setting it on a weight that will give you a little bit of extra help that you'll be able to achieve a stronger static contraction than if you were to just do a normal pull-up.
Now, put your knees on the pad. Put them as close to the far end of the pad as you can. You want your body positioned so that you can lean back as far as possible. The idea is you will have your body in a similar position as if you were doing a seated row. Why not just do a seated row? All I can say is pulling your body up as opposed to pulling the weight towards you creates a much harder static contraction IMO.
For each rep you do hold the top position for a 2 count. I alternate hand positions too. Usually I start with a wide-grip, then after failure, do the close-grip. This is really brutal.
I sent you an e-mail with a diagram of the exercise.
Adam Knowlden
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This finding aid is NCEAD compliant.
Aleph Number:
1983 Duke University. All rights reserved.
Collection is open for research.
Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection.
All or portions of this collection may be housed off-site in Duke University's Library Service Center. The library may require up to 48 hours to retrieve these materials for research use.
Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library to use this collection.
The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University. For more information, please consult the section on copyright in the Regulations and Procedures of the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
[Identification of item], The Amber Arthun Warburton Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University.
The Warburton Papers were presented to Duke University by Clark Warburton, husband of Amber Warburton, in 1977.
Processed by: Duke University. David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library Staff
Completed May 1, 1983
Encoded by Stephen D. Miller
This finding aid is NCEAD compliant.
The Amber (Arthun) Warburton Papers consist of the personal and professional papers of Warburton from 1917 to 1976. The bulk of the material comes from the organizational files of the Alliance for Guidance of Rural Youth during Warburton's tenure as executive secretary and director of research, 1947-1963. Other organizations and institutions represented include Atlanta University, Brookwood Labor College, Columbia University, Mount Holyoke College, Spelman College, Institute of Social and Religious Research, Southern Summer School for Women Workers in Industry, Affiliated Schools for Workers, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, and the U.S. Children's Bureau.
The Warburton Papers contain correspondence, financial statements, writings, interviews, notes, drafts of studies and reports, newspaper clippings, newsletters, printed material, books, magazines, photographs, diaries, and scrapbooks. Most of the papers are printed material.
The papers are divided into the following thirteen series:
Warburton's connection with these organizations and institutions is noted in the description of each series.
The largest series is the Alliance for Guidance of Rural Youth Series (AGRY). The series is arranged by subject, in keeping with the arrangement pattern of a 1949 office files index. There are three major subjects within the series: Harlan County (Kentucky), Green Sea (South Carolina), and the National Defense Education Act Study. Each subject contains correspondence, notes, drafts of reports and studies, reports and studies, newspaper clippings, and printed material.
There is overlap among series, especially within the AGRY series. For instance, Warburton might correspond with one person in Green Sea about the Green Sea Institute and later about an upcoming guidance convention. Each letter would probably be found in different subjects: the Green Sea letter under Green Sea Institute, and the convention letter under material about guidance conventions.
The Warburton Papers are a rich source of information on the growth and development of the youth guidance movement in America, especially guidance in rural areas. If combined with the Duke Library's collection of early AGRY papers, a researcher could follow the American rural youth guidance movement from inception to maturation. Furthermore, the numerous surveys conducted in Harlan County and Green Sea contain much material on the socio-economic status and attitudes of people in those communities in the 1940's and 1950's, which may be valuable to the sociologist or historian studying Appalachia or the rural South.
Other highlights include considerable information on the creation, growth, and management of workers' schools and federal training centers for unemployed teachers in the 1930's; in-depth studies of industrial home-work in the Northeast and migrant workers in Texas, Arkansas, and Florida; and excellent pictures of schools, houses, and people in Harlan County and Green Sea. There are also photographs in the Personal, Columbia University, Spelman College and Atlanta University, U.S. Children's Bureau, and Fairfax County series.
Specific subjects are discussed in more detail in the inventory.
This collection is arranged topically. Because all non-AGRY material was unorganized, series of related material had to be created. Consequently, there is some overlapping within the collection, especially among printed material from the 1930's and 1940's. For instance, printed material from New Deal programs is found in both the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and Affiliated Schools for Workers series. Still, each series corresponds to a job or period in Warburton's life, so there is a definite pattern and coherency to the arrangement of the collection.
There are several aids to the content and arrangement of the collection. First, when a folder has a heading like Printed Material, 1928-1935 (p. 13), the heading means that there is general or miscellaneous printed material in the folder from 1928 to 1935. Secondly, some subjects in a series are lengthy enough to require a centered heading, sometimes followed by an explanatory note. At the end of the material under this heading, two lines are skipped before returning to the continuation of the series. Thirdly, the years for which there is material pertaining to a series is noted under the series title. The years, however, do not necessarily correspond to Warburton's association with the organization or institution. Finally, the term
These are searchable subject entries for this collection. Performing a search on these subjects in the Duke University Libraries online catalog will bring up other related research materials.
This series contains correspondence, writings, printed material, clippings, photographs, and volumes. The correspondence spans most of Warburton's life, but offers few special glimpses into her personal life. Interesting material in this series includes Warburton's employment applications (they provide good descriptions of her many positions), an assortment of articles on labor and unions in the
The subject files are arranged first chronologically, then alphabetically by topic. They mainly contain printed material and clippings with some letters and some miscellaneous items included.
This series consists of printed material from the
Within the series are pamphlets about
Warburton was a graduate student at
This series consists of notes, outlines, and bibliographies for courses taught by Warburton at
This series contains course reports, notes, and outlines, scrapbooks, pamphlets, booklets, and three issues of
This series contains correspondence, notes, reports, schedules, and printed material pertaining to Warburton's field study of coal mining villages in
Warburton taught labor and economics at
Researchers would probably find the student autobiographies and a survey of standards of living in black districts in
Contains drafts of speeches given by
This series has correspondence, reports, printed material, and clippings from Warburton's work with the
This series has correspondence, notes, family schedules, drafts of reports and studies, printed material, and photographs from Warburton's work for the
This series contains correspondence, notes, reports, press releases, clippings, printed material, and photographs from Warburton's involvement in several school organizations in
This series has correspondence, notes, reports and drafts of reports, clippings, and printed material from Warburton's 1946 study of education for
This is the largest series in the
Approximately sixty percent of this series came to the library already organized. The remaining forty percent of the material was unorganized and had to be integrated into the organized material. With modifications and additions, the integration of the material was done using the original
Material in the collection is arranged by subject, and within subject by type (correspondence, printed material, etc.) The subjects are not arranged alphabetically or chronologically, so researchers should carefully study the subject entries for the entire series before plunging into the material. Also there is considerable overlapping of material in the series. For instance, correspondence from
Once the inventory is studied, researchers will find rich sources of information on socioeconomic conditions in several rural or rural-industrial communities:
Some of the photographs in this and the following folders were published in Warburton's
Material from the study is divided into four groups: general, state, local, and material related to the book written about the study,


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Major flooding in Eagle Pass area
Seco Mines neighborhood suffers major damage after half-foot of rain
EAGLE PASS, Texas - The consistent, heavy rain experienced across South Texas continued Friday, as over a half-foot of rain fell over the Eagle Pass area.
Dozens of homes in the Seco Mines area were damaged after water from a nearby creek overflowed its banks, spilling into nearby streets.
"I was at work when my son called and said the water was coming into the living room, about knee high," said Diana Aguilar, who has lived on the same road for 36 years.
She has had her home flooded six times since then, but said she will not move.
"This is our home and it always will be," said Aguilar, with tears in her eyes. "Where are we supposed to go? With what money? We're very poor."
Instead, she has appealed to the Maverick County government for help on numerous occasions, and said she was promised several times that the county was undertaking flood control projects in the area.
Those projects never materialized, however, and the results were apparent Friday.
The creek's flood control measures included just two pipes that funneled water under Aguilar's street, and they were quickly subsumed by the rising water, making them useless.
Residents say the control measures need to be improved, saying the creek is neither wide enough or deep enough to handle the water.
"But just like always, now we have to clean up," said Aguilar, mop in hand. "I'm just getting so tired of doing this. I wish someone would step up and use my tax dollars for something other than lining their own pockets."
Maverick County has been a hotspot for alleged public official corruption. Recently, three of its five county commissioners faced charges of corruption.
For a list of recent stories Matt Rivers has done, click here.
Copyright 2013 by KSAT.com All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Wildcat Cable TV is available at a low cost to all residents of the K-State Residence Halls and Jardine Apartments. Sign up today and take advantage of:
Cable TV will be activated within 24 business hours after sign up.
Channel 3 is now The Major League Baseball Network. To receive cable TV, your TV must be set to the cable (CATV) setting in the channel setup menu and you MUST perform an auto channel scan/auto program to receive the cable channels. This is one time only setup unless power is lost. See the Channel Listing for all available networks.


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When he was acquired by the Los Angeles Kings in February 2012, I wasn't the most enthusiastic of those who learned of the news. When general manager Dean Lombardi tried to address the offensive woes of his team, he picked up Carter from Columbus in exchange for defenseman Jack Johnson. As far as I was concerned, it was simply the swapping of two large contracts. Even with his reunion with Mike Richards wasn't enough to leave me feeling ga-ga of Carter's arrival to La-La.
But I was wrong – and I'm glad that I was.
In the 16 regular-season games he suited up for the Kings following his trade from the lowly Blue Jackets, the London, Ontario native scored six goals and added three assists to help boost the offensively-anemic Kings into the playoffs during the campaign's final weekend. Not only that but Carter went on to score eight goals and five assists in 20 games in a post-season the Los Angeles Kings or their fans will ever forget.
While the Kings eventually got their offensive juices flowing in 2013, they did have a slow start. But the one player who led the way offensively early on was Jeff Carter who ended the lockout-shortened season leading his club with 26 goals and adding seven assists along the way.
In the playoffs, while his numbers weren't as scintillating, Carter was still able to have an impact by scoring six goals and seven assists in 18 games last spring. Even the chemistry with his former linemate in Philadelphia, the aforementioned Mike Richards, blossomed once again which alone gives Kings fans ample reason to be excited about the 2013-14 season.
Even when the 28-year-old doesn't score, the opposition would still be wise to stay on their toes as Carter's 133 total shots in 2013 was good enough for third on the team during the regular season trailing only Dustin Brown and Justin Williams who each finished the campaign with 142.
While he's not the most notorious King to excel in the category, Jeff Carter's 52.6 percentile in the faceoff circle in 2013 is certainly something to take note of as he gives his team an advantage, along with Jarret Stoll, in winning the key faceoff at the most opportune times.
Despite his 6'3, 200-pound frame, Carter registered only 25 hits last season in 48 regular-season games and 18 hits in 18 post-season outings. Also, his 23 blocked shots during the regular season and his eight during the playoffs don't exactly speak volumes about the former first-rounder's defensive abilities. While there are plenty of Kings who are both proven and willing to shoulder the load defensively, it is more than fair to point out that Carter's defensive game is by no means a liability – just not as active as that of most of teammates. After all, when you're a natural goal-scorer like Jeff Carter, having a defensive game that doesn't rank among the best in the business can be excused to a large extent.
Entering the 2013-14 season, however, there will be one area in particular that will give Jeff Carter the determination to have his best season to date: the Olympics.
Four years ago, Jeff Carter narrowly missed the cut that would have sent him to Vancouver to represent Team Canada.
While Mike Richards did make the Canadian squad in 2010, the general consensus seems to be that he is less likely to wear the maple leaf again in 2014 while Carter is more likely to represent his native country in Sochi next February mostly due to the fact that, as previously mentioned, he is a natural goal-scorer.
But what's said by the experts and written on paper does not make anything a guarantee. So, Jeff Carter will have the first few months of the regular season to prove to (Team Canada GM) Steve Yzerman and the rest of his staff that he is deserving and more-than-worthy of donning the maple leaf in Russia and ultimately, hoping to help Canada to their second-straight gold medal. A trip to Sochi for Carter will also mean (most likely) being teammates with current King and fellow London native Drew Doughty. The 28-year-old has enough incentive to represent Canada and soon, it will be time to get to work.
A lot's at stake this coming season for Jeff Carter but there is no pressure involved. For a player of his immense caliber, the former Sault Ste. Marie Greyhound will be itching to excel in Los Angeles right from the get-go.
Like Ken Morrow, Brendan Shanahan, Steve Yzerman, Jonathan Toews, Brent Seabrook and Duncan Keith before him, Jeff Carter hopes to win an Olympic gold medal and Stanley Cup in the same year.
But let's not get too ahead of ourselves. After all, as the old cliché goes, Rome wasn't built in a day.


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Bada Bing, NJ Governor Christie: Fiscally Responsible AND a Backbone!
I was born and raised in New Jersey; moved down to South Carolina 5 years ago. Prior to that, I lived in New Jersey my entire life. I left because it became impossible to make ends meet there, primarily due to an insanely high cost of living. That can be blamed, in part, on the excessive taxation levied on New Jersey residents, which is a direct result of rampant and grossly irresponsible Democrat policy and spending.
Enter Governor Christie, who said No More. And he isn't wasting any time arguing with ideologues who will not listen. He did it by executive order. Good for him! As you may have expected, the response by Democrats was stompy foot whining:
New Jersey Governor: Chris Christie freezes spending in New Jersey and you'd think the world had ended. Democrats in the New Jersey Assembly criticized Governor Christie for taking such hard stance. However New Jersey is facing a $2.2 billion dollar budget shortfall and tough stances are needed. Perhaps other states or heaven forbid the federal government would follow Chris Christie's lead.
Within the New Jersey spending freeze, Christie even had the audacity to cut money to school districts which enjoy surpluses. One whiney democrat said that the districts would be forced to raise property taxes to make up for the shortfall in state aid. I suppose the terms "budget crisis" and "financial emergency" don't resonate if you have a D beside your name, no matter where you're from.
That's right; a $2.2 BILLION deficit. So, Christie cut money to school districts who have a surplus. What? Asking people to spend their own money ?? That's unheard of! Sadly, it has been unheard of in New Jersey, hence the problem. I suppose that makes too much sense to the power crazed Democrats in New Jersey.
He also had the audacity to expect that the NJ Transit Authority should be efficient and fiscally responsible. Egads!
Another cut came at the expense of New Jersey transit; Governor Christie cut subsidies saying that the system needs to be fiscally efficient. Democrats played the environment card on that one saying that Christie's decision would hurt the environment and the economy because people needed the transit system to get to work.
Sigh. Hello, Democrats? Global warming is totally fake and a huge hoax. Kindly stop bankrupting us based on an Al Gore carbon offset Ponzi scheme scam. Plus, guess what? Some things can run, and be successful, without having Big Daddy Government in control of it. In fact, they are usually ONLY successful if the Government stays out of the darn way.
The full text of Christie's speech addressing the fiscal state of emergency (a real one, not a Crisis â"¢ one) can be found here. I highly recommend reading it. You can also watch a video of the speech below. It may be confusing; it is a politician talking straight and having a backbone! I know how rare that is these days.
Kudos, Governor Christie. You are actually exceeding my expectations thus far. I hope, for the sake of all who are living and working in New Jersey, that you continue fighting the good fight. I think you may be the "one New Jersey was waiting for."
Hope and change, baby.
(cross-posted at Snark and Boobs and iOwntheworld)
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The colonial legacy of controlling women's sexuality and reproduction continues to prevail with such policies as the testing of the I.U.D., birth control pills and the sterilization of women. In the case of sterilization, the subject of this bibliography, between the 1930s and the 1970s approximately one-third of Puerto Rico's female population of childbearing age had undergone the operation, the highest rate in the world. So common was the practice that the words "sterilization" and "la operacion" (the operation) were used interchangeably. The massive sterilization of Puerto Rican females warrants that their experience be brought to the forefront, and there's the hope that this bibliography will stimulates interest and further research in the subject.
The bibliography not only examines the experience in Puerto Rico but also Island-born Puerto Ricans who migrated to the mainland U.S. due to the Islands close political ties (Commonwealth status)with the U.S. It is also worth noting the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare's major role in providing partial funding to Puerto Rico's sterilization program.
The bibliographical sources selected provide a multi-disciplinary approach to researching the subject. Some of the areas addressed are class structure, historical population control policies, political economy and ideology of health systems and governments (Puerto Rico and U.S.), and the socio-economic and psychological factors that motivated so many women (coerced or not) to undergo the procedure.
What follows is a selected, partially annotated bibliography divided by language, beginning with English language sources (the majority portion). Included are books, journal articles, dissertations, seminar/workshop papers (published and unpublished), documentary video (provides first-hand testimonies from women who have undergone the procedure and government officials involved in the family planning program). The Internet sites to a few English language abstracts are also included, particularly of published and unpublished papers from workshop The researcher, however, should keep in mind that given the constant changes that occur on the Internet, these sites may no longer exist or have a change in http locators.
A special acknowledgment of appreciation must be extended to Luis Villar, Academic Librarian-Ibero-American Studies, Bibliographer at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, for sharing his Internet expertise.
Aviles, Luis A. and Yamila Azize-Vargas. "Abortion in Puerto Rico: The Limits of Colonial Legality." Reproductive Health Matters no. 9 (May 1997):56-65.
[Examines the impact of U.S. colonization of Puerto Rico on issues related to contraceptive practices, including sterilization, and accessibility to these services on the Island]
Back, K., R. Hill and J.M. Stycos. "The Puerto Rican Field Experience in Population Control." Human Relations (1956):315-334.
Barrow, E. and J.A. Richardson. "Counseling Women for Tubal Sterilization." Health and Social Work 3, no. 1 (February 1978):48-58.
[Examines the role of social workers in counseling women considering sterilization and provides statistics showing that a higher percentage of Puerto Rican women accept the operation than Black women in New York]
Bauza, Vanessa. "Puerto Rico: The Covert Campaign to Sterilize Women." MS [new series] 5, no. 2 (September/October 1994):14.
[Discusses Puerto Rico's campaign to sterilize women beginning in the 1930s through U.S. sponsorship, the involuntary sterilization of mentally ill and poor, and the failure to provide women with adequate information regarding the physical and psychological consequences of sterilization; ISSN: 0048-8318]
Boring, Catherine Chase. "Factors Associated with Sterilization Regret Among Puerto Rican Women." Master's thesis, Emory University, 1986.
______, R.W. Rochat and J. Becerra. "Sterilization Regret among Puerto Rican Women." Fertility & Sterility 49, no. 6 (June 1988):973-981.
[Interview data from the 1982 Puerto Rico Fertility and Family Planning Assessment to examine the reason for sterilization regret among Puerto Rican women; ISSN:0015-0282]
Borras, Vickie A. "Birth Control Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice: A Comparison of Working and Middle Class Puerto Rican and White American Women." Ph.D. diss., Mass: University of Massachusetts, 1984.
[Interview data from Puerto Rican and white females residing in the Boston or Worcester, Massachusetts areas to determine differences in knowledge, attitudes and usage of birth control methods]
Briggs, Laura. "Discourses of `Forced Sterilization' in Puerto Rico." Differences 10, no. 2 (1998):30-66.
[History of political movements (particularly socialists) and scholarly works, beginning in the 1970s, concerning the high incidence of sterilization in Puerto Rico. Focus is on U.S. socialist feminists who, viewing sterilization as a form of colonial genocide along with Puerto Rican nationalism and pronatalism, inadvertently became associated with pronatalists and antifeminist groups like the Catholic Church, and alienated from Puerto Rican feminists who advocated sterilization as an acceptable form of birth control. Article includes bibliographical references]
"Contraceptive Programs: The Risk of Coercion." Women's Health Journal (January 1994):52-53.
[Examines sterilization abuse programs internationally including Puerto Rico]
Davila, A.L. "Sterilization and Contraceptive Practice in Puerto Rico, 1982." [Esterilizacion y practica anticonceptiva en Puerto Rico, 1982] Puerto Rico Health Science Journal 9, no. 1 (April 1990):61-67.
[Analyzes female sterilization in Puerto Rico in relation to birth control policies, also describes patterns of contraceptive usage; ISSN: 0738-0658; Abstract: Available in the Popline Database accessible through the National Library of Medicine: http://igm.nlm.nih.gov/index.html ]
Davis, J.E. "Opening Address: Historical Setting of the Conference." In Advances in Voluntary Sterilization, eds.
M.E. Schima [et al.]. (International Congress Series No. 284) Proceedings of the 2nd International Conferences, Geneva, Switzerland, 25 February-1 March 1973. Amsterdam, Netherlands, Excerpta Medica, 1974.
[Abstract: Available in the Popline Database accessible through the National Library of Medicine: http://igm.nlm.nih.gov/index.html ]
"Experience with Oral and intrauterine Contraception in Rural Puerto Rico." In Public Health and Population Change, eds. M.C. Sheps and J.C. Ridley, 110-138. Pittsburgh, Penn.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1965.
[Discusses the impact of religious protests against sterilization, resulting in alternative methods of birth control]
Gibson-Rosado, Erica M. The Sterilization of Women in Puerto Rico Under the Cloak of Colonial Policy: A Case Study on the Role of Perception in U.S. Foreign Policy and Population Control. Washington, D.C.: The John Hopkins University, 1993.
Gilbert, C.R. "Rincon Method of Sterilization." American Journal of Surgery 80 (September 1950):345-348. [Discusses the Rincon method of sterilization, including the experience of Puerto Rico women on the Island and New York's Spanish Harlem who have undergone the procedure]
Gonzalez, M. "La Operacion: An Analysis of Sterilization in a Puerto Rican Community in Connecticut." In Work, Family and Health: Latina Women in Transition, Ruth E. Zambrana, 47-62. New York: Fordham University, 1982.
Greenberg, Karen Elfman. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Sterilization Rates for Puerto Rican Women Living in the Bronx, New York (New York City). Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, 1992.
[Analyzed data on Puerto Rican women born on the island, the U.S. mainland, and those who migrated to and from U.S. and Puerto Rico to explain the high rates of sterilization]
Grio, R. [et al.] "Reconsideration and desire for Tubal Recanalization in Women Following Voluntary Sterilization." [Pentimento e desiderio di ricanalizzazione tubarica dopo sterilizzazione volontaria nella donna] Minerva Ginecologica 44, no. 3 (March 1992):123-124.
[Includes a review of Puerto Rican women's regret at having undergone the procedure; ISSN: 0026-4784; Abstract: Available in the Popline Database accessible through the National Library of Medicine: http://igm.nlm.nih.gov/index.html ]
Hatt, P. Backgrounds of Human Fertility in Puerto Rico. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1952.
Henderson, Peta Murray. "Population Policy, Social Structure and Health System in Puerto Rico: The Case of Female Sterilization." (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1976.) Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International, 1980.
Kent, M. "Survey Report: Puerto Rico." Population Today 15. no. 2 (February 1987):4.
[Examines study results of 1982 Fertility and Family Planning Assessment, which looked at sterilization among Puerto Rican men and women, in comparison with other forms of contraceptives, and between college and non-college educated women]
Krase, Kathryn. "Sterilization Abuse: The Policies Behind the Practice." National Women's Health Network. Network News (January/February 1996):1,4.
[Includes discussions on involuntary sterilization in Puerto Rico and New York City; ISSN: 8755-867X]
Lader, L. "The Future of Voluntary Sterilization." In Foolproof Birth Control: Male and Female Sterilization, ed. L. Lader, 246-253. Boston: Beacon Press, 1973.
Laureano Cartagena, S.M. "Sterilization in Puerto Rico: From Massive and Imposed to Wanted and Not Available." In We Speak for Ourselves: Population and Development, compiled by Panos Institute, [100-105(?)]. Washington, D.C.: Panos Institute, 1994.
Leon, Luz E. "Sterilization and Depression: A Study of Puerto Rican Women Living in New York." (Ph.D. diss., Fordham University, 1996.) Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms International, 1996.
[Research on the association between female sterilization and depression, based on the Rogler theory on the effects of migration on mental health]
Lopez, Iris Ofelia. "Agency and Constraint: Sterilization and Reproductive Freedom among Puerto Rican Women in New York City." Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems 22, no. 3/4 (Fall 1993):299.
______. "Sterilization Among Puerto Rican Women: A Case Study in New York City." (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University. 1984.) Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms International, 1985.
[Study is based on fieldwork and interviews with 128 sterilized and non-sterilized women in a Puerto Rican community in Brooklyn, seeking to examine the historical factors conditioning the high incidence of sterilization among Puerto Rican women in New York and the factors that continue to motivate these women to seek this service]
Lovler, R. "Health Agency Budget Cuts to Slow Sterilization by 50 Percent." The San Juan Star (4 February 1975):3.
Lugo-Ortiz, Maria de Lourdes. "Sterilization, Birth Control and Population Control: The News Coverage of `El Mundo', `El Imparcial' and `Claridad'." (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1994.) Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms International, 1994.
[Reviews newspaper coverage of the sterilization programs conducted in Puerto Rico from 1940 to 1975, revealing the newspapers' ideology, which is described as coming from a male-dominant perspective while marginalizing women]
Mass, Bonnie. "Puerto Rico, a Case Study in Population Control." Latin American Perspective 4, no 4 (Fall 1977):66-81.
"Operacion." AVS News (December 1975):3.
[Provides official statistical information that appears to contradict the common believe that sterilization was an abuse directed at the poor. This articles instead indicates the majority of women who opted for sterilization came from the upper classes, those who could more readily afford the services. According to these reports, sterilization was not accessible to the lower classes until 1974 when a survey was taken by the Dept. of Health that indicated 83% of the population desired that sterilization be made available to them]
"Paging Gov. Muńoz Marin: "Sterilizing the Natives of Puerto Rico." America [Amer. Press-N.Y.] 98 (8 February 1958):528.
Paniagua, M.E. [et al.]. "3. Medical and Psychological Sequelae of Surgical Sterilization of Women." In Foolproof Birth Control: Male and Female Sterilization. Boston: Beacon Press. 1973.
[Survey of medical and psychological sequelae among samples of Puerto Rican women sterilized from 1956 through 1961]
Presser, Harriet B. "Contraceptive Sterilization as a Grassroots Response: A Comparative View of the Puerto Rican and United States Experience." In Behavioral-Social Aspects of Contraceptive Sterilization, eds. S.H. Newman and Z.E. Klein, 25-48. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1978.
[Describes trends in sterilization practice in Puerto Rico and the U.S,, including its popularity from demographic and social perspectives; analyzes the structural supports for constraints against sterilization; and provides suggestions for future research on these issues]
______. "Puerto Rico: Recent Trends in Fertility and Sterilization." International Family Planning Perspectives 6, no. 1 (March 1980):20-25.; Family Planning Perspectives 12, no. 2 (March/April 1980):102-106.
[Examines the decline in fertility among Puerto Rican women between 1950 and 1977 and the correlation to sterilization and abortion]
______. Review of "Colonialism, Catholicism, Contraception: A
History of Birth Control in Puerto Rico," by Annette B.
Ramirez de Arellano and Conrad Seipp. Hispanic American
Historical Review 64, no. 3 (August 1984):556-558.
______. "The Role of Sterilization in Controlling Puerto Rican Fertility." Population Studies 23, no. 3 (November 1969): 343-361.
[Analyzes sterilization data from the 1965 Master Sample Survey of Health and Welfare in Puerto Rico, which involved 1,071 women ages 20 to 49]
______. "Sterilization and Fertility Decline in Puerto Rico." (Ph.D. diss., University of California-Berkeley, 1969); Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms International, 1974; Rev.ed.: Berkeley: University of California, Institute of International Studies, 1973 (Population Monograph Series, No. 13); Reprint: Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1976.
[Examines sterilization practice in Puerto Rico in 1965, when it was the primary form of contraceptive. Uses sample of 1,071 women 20-49 years of age, which includes the 1965 Master Sample Survey conducted by the Dept. of Health and Welfare as well as a sample of 127 sterilized and 127 non-sterilized women obtained from records at San Juan City Hospital in 1966]
"The Puerto Rico Experience: `La Operacion': Sterilization in Puerto Rico." In Caribbean Voices. From Conferences and from the Region, from the Issues Conference at Medgar Evers College, Brooklyn, N.Y. 55 min. N.Y.: Deep Dish TV, 1992. Videocassette.
[Episode of the television series Rock the Boat. Pt. 2 focuses on sterilization and Puerto Rico]
Ramirez de Arellano, Annette B. and Conrad Seipp. Colonialism, Catholicism, and Contraception: A History of Birth Control in Puerto Rico. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983.
[Comprehensive history of the birth control movement in Puerto Rico, including information on sterilization]
Ramos-Bellido, Carlos Gil. "The Politics of Birth Control in Puerto Rico." Ph.D. diss., University of California-Berkeley, 1977.
Robles, R.R. [et al.]. "Health Care Services and Sterilization Among Puerto Rican Women." [Unpublished] Presented at the 115th Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, New Orleans, Louisiana, 18-22 October, 1987 Puerto Rico Health Science Journal 7, no. 1 (April 1988):7-13.
[Abstract: Available in the Popline Database accessible through the National Library of Medicine: http://igm.nlm.nih.gov/index.html ]
Ross, L. "Sterilization and `de facto' Sterilization." AMICUS Journal (Winter 1994):29.
Safa, Helen Icken. "Female Employment and the Social Reproduction of the Puerto Working Class." International Migration Review 18, no 4 (Winter 1984):1168-1187.
Salvo, Joseph, Mary G. Powers, and Rosemary Santana Cooney. "Contraceptive Use and Sterilization Among Puerto Rican Women." Family Planning Perspectives 24, no. 5 (September/October 1992):219-223.
[Comparative study of the contraceptive practices of Puerto Rican women residing in New York City with those residing in Puerto Rico; ISSN: 0014-7354]
Sanhueza, H. and R. Jaimes. "Contraceptive Progress in Latin America and the Caribbean." [Adelanto anticonceptivos en America Latina y el Caribe] Proceedings of the IPPF/WHR Second Regional Medical Seminar held in Medellin, Colombia 25-26 November 1975. New York: International Planned Parenthood Federation, Western Hemisphere Region, 1976.
[Includes English and Spanish language collection of conference papers presented on the progress of family planning in respective Latin American countries]
Satterhwaite, A.P. "Experience with Oral and Intrauterine Contraception in Rural Puerto Rico." In Public Health and Population Change, eds. M.C. Sheps and J.C. Ridley (current research issues), 474-480. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1965.
[Examines oral and I.U.D., methods of birth control in rural Puerto Rico but also addresses the issue of sterilization]
Scrimshaw, S.C. "The Demand for Female Sterilization in Spanish Harlem: Experiences of Puerto Ricans in New York City." [Unpublished] Paper Presented at the 69th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Assn., San Diego, CA, 19 November 1970.
[Abstract: Available in the Popline Database accessible through the National Library of Medicine: http://igm.nlm.nih.gov/index.html ]
Speidel, J.J. "The Role of Female Sterilization in the Family Planning Program." In Female Sterilization: Prognosis or Simplified Outpatient Procedures. Proceedings of a Workshop held at Airlie, Virginia, 2-3 December 1971, 89-103. New York: Academic Press, 1972.
[Abstract: Available in the Popline Database accessible through the National Library of Medicine: http://igm.nlm.nih.gov/index.html ]
Stroup-Benham, C.A. and F.M. Trevino. "Reproductive Characteristics of Mexican-American, mainland Puerto Rican, and Cuban-American Women: Data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no.2 (9 January 1991):222-226.
[Using data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, examines the reproductive characteristics of Hispanic females from age 15 to 45 residing in the U.S.]
Stycos, J. Mayone. Family and Fertility in Puerto Rico: A Study of the Lower Income Group. New York: Columbia University Press, 1955.
______. "Female Sterilization in Puerto Rico." Eugenics Quarterly 1 (June 1954):3-9.
[Sterilization discussed as a means of remedying the problem of overpopulation in Puerto Rico. Examines geographic factors, education levels, etc., associated with those most frequently utilizing sterilization; also examines the prevailing attitudes toward the practice]
______, "Human Sterilization in Latin America." [La esterilizacion humana en America Latina] [Unpublished] Paper Prepared for the 5th International Conference on Voluntary Surgical Contraception, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 5-8 December 1983.
[Abstract: Available in the Popline Database accessible through the National Library of Medicine: http://igm.nlm.nih.gov/index.html ]
______. "Sterilization in Latin America: Its Past and Its Future." International Family Planning Perspectives 10, no. 2 (June 1984):58-64.
Twenty-eight State Sterilization Laws of the United States and Puerto Rico. New York: Human Betterment Assn. of America, 1951.
[Puerto Rico's law approved May 13, 1937 appears as the last geographic area in the one-volume work]
Vazquez Calzada, Jose Luis and Z. Morales del Valle. "Female Sterilization in Puerto Rico and Its Demographic Effectiveness." Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal 1, no. 2 (June 1982): 68-79.
[A 1272 sample of women in Puerto Rico in 1976 were studied to determine changes in trends in female sterilization due to the use of other contraceptive methods; examines the demographic effectiveness of sterilization and high fertility as a motivation for sterilization]
Veatch, R.M. "Sterilization: Its Socio-cultural and Ethical Determinants." In Advances in Voluntary Sterilization, eds. M.E. Schima [et al.]. (International Congress Series No. 284). Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, Geneva, Switzerland 25 February-1 March 1973. Amsterdam, Netherlands, Excerpta Medica, 1974.
[Discusses ethical, social and cultural considerations of sterilization and lists four main value orientations affecting sterilization; Abstract: Available in the Popline Database accessible through the National Library of Medicine: http://igm.nlm.nih.gov/index.html ]
"Voluntary Sterilization 1973." World Medical Journal 20, no. 4 (July/August 1973):66-69.
Warren, Charles W. [et al.]. "Contraceptive Sterilization in Puerto Rico." Demography 23, no. 3 (August 1986):351-365.
[Study based on 1982 data from Fertility and Family Planning Assessment in Puerto Rico addresses two questions: Is the probability of becoming sterilized changing Puerto Rico's fertility rate?; and, What is the impact of sterilization onfertility? ISSN: 0070-3370]
______. "Tubal Sterilization: Questioning the Decision." Population Studies 42, no. 3 (1988):407-418.
[Examine international studies of the attitudes of sterilized women, with a particular focus on Puerto Rico, Panama, and U.S.
Whaley, S. Review of Morales. "Piecing a History Together: The Women of Boriken" [Puerto Rico], by Aurora Levins Morales. Women's Review of Books 9, no. 10/11 (July 1992):8-9.
[Surveys Puerto Rico's history from 1493 to 1954 and how it ties in with women's issues, including controlling women's sexuality and reproduction]
Women Under Attack: Abortion, Sterilization Abuse and Reproductive Freedom. New York: Committee for Abortion Rights and Against Sterilization Abuse, 1979.
Zambrana, R.E. Work, Family and Health: Latina Women in Transition. (Monograph No. 7) Bronx, N.Y.: Fordham University Hispanic Research Center, 1982.
[Ten papers examine background, characteristics, social roles, and socio-psychological needs of Hispanic women in the U.S. (particularly Puerto Rican women residing in New York City); includes paper on voluntary sterilization among women in a Connecticut community]


text:
Human Nature's Gardener's Crate makes a great Mother's Day, Father's Day, or anytime gift for your favorite gardener or someone who works a lot with their hands (no green thumb required). The set includes:
- Gardeners Soap;
- Gardeners Creme;
- Herbal Salve;
- Wild Maine Blueberry Lip Balm; and
- A nail brush
Gardeners Soap (full-size handmade bar)
The triple scrubbing action of cornmeal, poppy seeds, and pumice cleans dirty hands beautifully and naturally.
Gardeners Creme (2-oz. jar)
Moisturizing body mousse creme that really works! Made to protect and condition dry and abused skin.
Herbal Salve (2-oz. tin)
Human Nature's healing salve contains an herbal infusion (calendula and lavender) and essential oils, which aid in the healing of cuts, scrapes, burns, and chapped or cracked skin. Customers have said that it works wonders on eczema, too. Apply to skin that needs extra attention—particularly rough areas such as elbows, hands, feet, and knees. Great for gardeners and for treating bee stings and insect bites.
Wild Maine Blueberry Lip Balm (.15-oz tube)
Full of relieving and protective natural ingredients to help soothe cracked or chapped lips.


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Excellent dynamics processor optimized for vocals.
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Raising a Toddler
Here are 9 fundamental principles for good parenting of toddlers. Using love and logic, underlying everything is open affection, concern, and faith in G-d.
Read more »
Fulfillment Of Human Potential
Creating stability and peace of mind should be a purpose of society. This can be accomplished by adopting a structure based on the 7 Noahide Laws, which will allow everyone to live in harmony.
Read more »
Moment of Silence in the Public Schools
Why A Moment of Silence Should be Implemented in the Public Schools. For many years, laws dictating the separation of Church and State in the […]
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Education Campaign #1
"The Message of Education Day, USA" (Presented here with permission from the publisher: Sichos in English, Brooklyn, NY) Part 1: Address by the Rebbe, Rabbi […]
Read more »
The United States, a Faithful Superpower
Before we do something or decide not to do it, the first consideration should always be: what does G-d say about this?!
Read more »


text:
Idaho State 14
(1-9, 0-7 Big Sky)
Cal Poly 70
(8-2, 6-1 Big Sky)
9:05 PM ET, November 10, 2012
Alex G. Spanos Stadium, San Luis Obispo, CA
Top Performers
Passing: K. Yost (IDST) - 335 YDS, 2 TD, 3 INT
Rushing: D. Williams (CP) - 17 CAR, 125 YDS, 3 TD
Receiving: R. Rumble (IDST) - 10 REC, 91 YDS, 1 TD
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Contacting Pfizer Customer Service Center
Pfizer is a medical company that specializes in research, development and production of vaccines and medications. Most of the time consumers have no contact with companies like Pfizer as the medication is prescribed by a physician and fulfilled by a pharmacy. However, some companies like Pfizer are willing to work with customers to reduce the cost of prescriptions they could not otherwise afford to ensure proper care and improve overall patient health.
Contact Info:
Phone Contact Numbers
There is one Pfizer phone number for customer support and another for the corporate office. The customer support line is where most calls will be handled, but if there is a problem with customer support; bypass this number and contact corporate about your issue.
- Customer Support: 1-800-879-3499
Customer support is available from 8 AM to 8 PM EST, but only on weekdays.
- Corporate: 1-212-733-2323
Mailing Address
The corporate mailing address is the one most customers choose when contacting Pfizer about medication or customer support issues – if there is no desire for phone or email contact. If your issue is dire and you need medication right away for your health condition, do not send a letter to Pfizer as it could take weeks for the company to respond.
Pfizer Corporate Office235 E 42nd StNew York, NY 10017
Official Website
You can locate the official website for Pfizer at http://www.pfizer.com. The website is technical, for the most part, explaining what products the company is currently working on and what products have been approved by the FDA. Pfizer is a worldwide company, so international contact information is also available from the official website.
Customer Service Email
On the customer support page there is a link to Email Us located here http://www.pfizer.com/contact/email_contact.jsp?inquiry=General+Company+Information&x=25&y=14. Choose your topic from the menu and click the GO button. If this is the first time you've contacted Pfizer, you will need to verify your email address before your message is sent to the customer service team. ALL emails are read, but the company does not promise to answer all emails.
Our Experience
The Pfizer customer service department is rather confusing. The customer service department provided several options for internal use, then changed the options for customers. We waited through the options and pressed 0 to connect with a live agent. When the customer service representative answered the call, we asked if customers have questions relating to medication produced by the company, can we contact a representative to ask questions or voice concerns.
The agent expressed the interest to listen to our concerns, but recommended visiting a physician. The explained they as a company are not authorized to provide medical advice. We have to love the honesty displayed by the customer service department. When you contacted the customer service department, were they forthcoming with information? Take a moment to discuss your experiences.


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Subtopic: Clean air 58 items found
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State and Regional Comprehensive Carbon Pricing and Greenhouse Gas Regulation in the Power Sector under EPA's Clean Power Plan: Workshop Summary
Dallas Burtraw
, James Bushnell, Clayton Munnings
RFF Discussion Paper 15-31 | June 2015
Abstract: The Clean Power Plan (CPP) is the centerpiece of the US efforts to reduce carbon emissions, introducing regulation of greenhouse gas emissions from existing power plants for the first time on a national basis. These regulations may interact with existing initiatives, for example, in California, where the state has a comprehensive economy-wide cap with emissions allowance trading in place. In addition, three Pacific coast states and British Columbia have supported the idea of comprehensive pricing. This paper provides a summary of a workshop that examined the interaction of these policy approaches. A main observation in the workshop was that the forthcoming CPP will likely facilitate and complicate the prospect of comprehensive carbon pricing. Multistate coordination in complying with the CPP could be key to making simultaneous progress on both the national and regional policy efforts and could provide a pathway from regulation to carbon pricing.
Show Description
The Net Benefits of the Acid Rain Program: What Can We Learn from the Grand Policy Experiment?
H. Ron Chan, B. Andrew Chupp,
Maureen L. Cropper
, Nicholas Z. Muller
RFF Discussion Paper 15-25 | June 2015
Abstract: This study quantifies the cost savings from the Acid Rain Program (ARP) compared with a command-and-control alternative and also examines the impact of trading under the ARP on health damages. To quantify cost savings, we compare compliance costs for non-NSPS (New Source Performance Standards) coal-fired Electricity Generating Units (EGUs) under the ARP with compliance costs under a uniform performance standard that achieves the same aggregate emissions. We do this for the year 2002, the third year of Phase II of the program. We find annual cost savings of approximately $250 million (1995$). To examine the health effects of trading, we compute the health damages associated with observed sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from all units regulated under the ARP in 2002—approximately 10.2 million tons—and compare them with damages from a No-Trade counterfactual in which each unit emits SO2 at a rate equal to its allocation of permits for the year 2002, plus any drawdown of its allowance bank. Damages under the No-Trade scenario are $2.4 billion (2000$) higher than under the ARP. This reflects the transfer of allowances from EGUs west of the Mississippi River to units in the eastern US with higher exposed populations.
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A Retrospective Study of EPA's Air Toxics Program under the Revised Section 112 Requirements of the Clean Air Act
Arthur G. Fraas
, Alexander Egorenkov
RFF Discussion Paper 15-23 | June 2015
Abstract: Under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was required to establish standards limiting air toxics emissions from industrial plants. This paper examines the effect of five of the largest cost rules issued by EPA in the initial round of air toxics rulemaking over the 1995 to 2000 period. Our estimates suggest that plants in the printing and publishing and pulp and paper industries realized important reductions in their air toxics emissions in the period between publication of the final rule and the effective date for compliance with the rule—although the reduction in air toxics emissions by pulp and paper mills falls short of EPA's ex ante projections. However, our estimates suggest that plants in the other three industries—petroleum refining, pharmaceutical, and wood furniture—achieved little or no additional reduction in air toxics emissions over the compliance period in response to EPA's air toxics rules. Finally, the paper explores steps that EPA should take in setting up future retrospective analyses.
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Complying with EPA's Clean Power Plan: Policy Options for States
Karen L. Palmer
Anthony Paul
| 2015 (189)
A Primer on Comprehensive Policy Options for States to Comply with the Clean Power Plan
Karen L. Palmer
Anthony Paul
RFF Discussion Paper 15-15 | April 2015
Abstract: The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed regulations to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2)from existing fossil electricity generators in its proposed Clean Power Plan rule under section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. The proposal is based on the best system of emissions reductions (BSER) and calls for states to develop plans to achieve reductions that are demonstrated to be equivalent to those attained by the application of BSER to each state. Policy options from which states may choose are not restricted; the BSER and state plans are distinct from one another. This primer describes the different types of incentive-based comprehensive policies that states could adopt and how policy design features can address particular objectives including overall cost-effectiveness, distributional consequences for electricity consumers and producers, administrative costs, and emissions of other pollutants. We also elucidate some trade-offs that state policymakers will face as they develop their plans for Clean Power Plan compliance.
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A Proximate Mirror: Greenhouse Gas Rules and Strategic Behavior under the US Clean Air Act
Dallas Burtraw
Karen L. Palmer
, Sophie Pan,
Anthony Paul
RFF Discussion Paper 15-02 | March 2015
Abstract: The development of climate policy in the United States mirrors international developments, with efforts to initiate a coordinated approach giving way to jurisdictions separately taking actions. The centerpiece of US policy is regulation in the electricity sector that identifies a carbon emissions rate standard (intensity standard) for each state but leaves to states the design of policies, including potentially the use of technology policies, emissions rate averaging, or cap and trade. Differences in policies among states within the same power market could promote predatory behavior resulting in a geographic shift in generation and investment in new resources. This paper examines the coordination problem using a detailed partial equilibrium model of operations and investment. We demonstrate that leading jurisdictions have available a rich set of design options that can protect them against strategic predation and, in fact, give them opportunities to proactively advance climate goals, to the economic detriment of laggards.
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EPA's New Source Review Program: Evidence on Processing Time, 2002–2014
Arthur G. Fraas
, Mike Neuner, Peter Vail
RFF Discussion Paper 15-04 | February 2015
Abstract: As the United States moves forward with future energy policy, it must address and resolve issues associated with a shift away from coal and toward natural gas. While natural gas offers a significant opportunity as an abundant and relatively clean fuel source, optimum development and use of this resource requires an efficient and effective permitting process. A long and difficult permit approval process unnecessarily hinders progress toward energy and environmental goals by delaying or even cancelling both additions to new capacity as well as the upgrading of existing capacity. This study provides information on the time required to obtain permits through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) New Source Review (NSR) program for refineries and for coal-fired and natural gas–fired electric generating plants. The study finds that processing times for NSR permits for the 2002 to 2014 period varied significantly across EPA regions. They were also significantly longer for coal-fired and combined cycle electric generating units as compared to that for combustion turbines. Finally, processing times were significantly longer over this period for electric generating units and refinery projects as compared to reported permitting times for projects from 1997 to 2001.
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In Pursuit of a Greener Path
Phil Sharp
| 2015 (188)
Comments to the US Environmental Protection Agency on Its Proposed Clean Power Plan
Dallas Burtraw
Carolyn Fischer
, Clayton Munnings,
Karen L. Palmer
Anthony Paul
Nathan Richardson
Jhih-Shyang Shih
Roberton C. Williams III
RFF Report | December 2014
Belt and Suspenders and More: The Incremental Impact of Energy Efficiency Subsidies in the Presence of Existing Policy Instruments
Sebastien Houde,
Joseph E. Aldy
RFF Discussion Paper 14-34 | September 2014
Abstract: The effectiveness of investment subsidies depends on the existing array of regulatory and information mandates, especially in the energy efficiency space. Some consumers respond to information disclosure by purchasing energy-efficient durables (and thus may increase the inframarginal take-up of a subsequent subsidy), while other consumers may locate at the lower bound of a minimum efficiency standard (and a given subsidy may be insufficient to change their investment toward a more energy-efficient option). We investigate the incremental impact of energy efficiency rebates in the context of regulatory and information mandates by evaluating the State Energy Efficient Appliance Rebate Program (SEEARP) implemented through the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The design of the program – Federal funds allocated to states on a per capita basis with significant discretion in state program design and implementation – facilitates our empirical analysis. Using transaction-level data on appliance sales, we show that most program participants were inframarginal due to important short-term intertemporal substitutions where consumers delayed their purchases by a few weeks. We find evidence that some consumers accelerated the replacement of their old appliances by a few years, but overall the impact of the program on long-term energy demand is likely to be very small. Our estimated measures of cost-effectiveness are an order of magnitude higher than estimated for other energy efficiency programs in the literature. We also show that designing subsidies that reflect, in part, underlying attribute-based regulatory mandates can result in perverse effects, such as upgrading to larger, less energy-efficient models.
Show Description
Infographic: EPA's Clean Power Plan: Breaking Down the Building Blocks
| 2014 (187)
Heterogeneity in the Value of Life
Joseph E. Aldy
, Seamus J. Smyth
RFF Discussion Paper 14-13 | May 2014
Abstract: We develop a numerical life-cycle model with choice over consumption and leisure, stochastic mortality and labor income processes, and calibrated to U.S. data – to characterize willingness to pay (WTP) for mortality risk reduction. Our theoretical framework can explain many empirical findings in this literature, including an inverted-U life-cycle WTP and an order of magnitude difference in prime-aged adults WTP. By endogenizing leisure and employing multiple income measures, we reconcile the literature's large variation in estimated income elasticities. By accounting for gender- and race-specific stochastic mortality and income processes, we explain the literature's black-white and female-male differences.
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Preserving Flexibility: Comments on EPA's Carbon Existing Source Performance Standards
Nathan Richardson
Issue Brief 14-05 | March 2014
Preparing for the Midterm Review of the Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Rate Standards for Light-Duty Vehicles: A Summary of Priority Research Questions
Alan J. Krupnick
Joshua Linn
Virginia D. McConnell
Issue Brief 14-04 | March 2014
The Costs and Consequences of Clean Air Act Regulation of CO2 from Power Plants
Dallas Burtraw
Joshua Linn
Karen L. Palmer
Anthony Paul
RFF Discussion Paper 14-01 | January 2014
Related journal article
Abstract: US climate policy is unfolding under the Clean Air Act. Mobile source and construction permitting regulations are in place. Most important, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the states will determine the form and stringency of the regulations for existing power plants. It is widely believed that flexible approaches could be suggested in EPA guidelines or proposed by states. Various approaches would create an implicit price on emitting greenhouse gases and create valuable assets that would be distributed differently among electricity producers, consumers, and the government. We compare a tradable performance standard with three variations on cap-and-trade policies that would distribute the asset value in different ways. Keeping the value within the electricity sector by distributing it to fossil-fueled producers or consumers or spending on energy efficiency has smaller effects on average electricity prices than a revenue-raising policy. These approaches impose greater social cost, but comparable net benefits in the sector.
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Putting a Price on Carbon: Who Gets the Revenue? An Interview with Dallas Burtraw
Dallas Burtraw
| 2014 (185)
Do Market Shares or Technology Explain Rising New Vehicle Fuel Economy?
Shefali Khanna,
Joshua Linn
RFF Discussion Paper 13-29 | September 2013
Abstract: By decreasing gasoline consumption, greater fuel economy could significantly reduce environmental and energy security concerns. In this paper, we show that since the year 2000, technology and market shares have contributed roughly equally to rising new vehicle fuel economy in the United States. We discuss the implications of these patterns for the safety and welfare effects of fuel economy standards.
Show Description
Technology Flexibility and Stringency for Greenhouse Gas Regulations
Dallas Burtraw
, Matthew Woerman
RFF Discussion Paper 13-24 | July 2013
Abstract: The Clean Air Act provides the primary regulatory framework for climate policy in the United States. Tradable performance standards (averaging) emerge as the likely tool to achieve flexibility in the regulation of existing stationary sources. This paper examines the relationship between flexibility and stringency. The metric to compare the stringency of policies is ambiguous. The relevant section of the act is traditionally technology based, suggesting an emissions rate focus. However, a specific emissions rate improvement averaged over a larger set of generators reduces the actual emissions change. A marginal abatement cost criterion to compare policy designs suggests cost-effectiveness across sources. This criterion can quadruple the emissions reductions that are achieved, with net social benefits exceeding $25 billion in 2020, with a 1.3 percent electricity price increase. Under the act, multiple stringency criteria are relevant. EPA should evaluate state implementation plans according to a portfolio of attributes, including effectiveness and cost.
Show Description
Comparing the Clean Air Act and a Carbon Price
Nathan Richardson
Arthur G. Fraas
RFF Discussion Paper 13-13 | May 2013
Abstract: Over the last half decade, a variety of federal legislative proposals for limiting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been put forward, most of which would set a price on carbon. As of early 2013, the one politically plausible policy appears to be a carbon tax, passed as part of a larger fiscal reform package. Meanwhile, the US Environmental Protection Agency has begun regulating GHG emissions from a variety of sources using its authority under the Clean Air Act. It may be necessary to choose between these two policies, however. The Waxman–Markey cap-and-trade bill that failed in 2009 would have preempted much of this authority, and it appears likely that a carbon tax law would do the same. But how can one make this choice? What are the key questions and issues to consider? The purpose of this paper is to compare these policies. Our aim here is therefore not to determine whether an exchange is wise or unwise. Instead, our intention is to give policymakers and other interested readers an impartial assessment of both policies and, in particular, the features that are important to a comparative evaluation. We don't give answers, but hope at least to give the right questions to ask.
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Comparative Life Cycle Assessments: Carbon Neutrality and Wood Biomass Energy
Roger A. Sedjo
RFF Discussion Paper 13-11 | April 2013
Abstract: Biomass energy is expected to play a major role in the substitution of renewable energy sources for fossil fuels over the next several decades. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA 2012) forecasts increases in the share of biomass in US energy production from 8 percent in 2009 to 15 percent by 2035. The general view has been that carbon emitted into the atmosphere from biological materials is carbon neutral—part of a closed loop whereby plant regrowth simply recaptures the carbon emissions associated with the energy produced. Recently this view has been challenged, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering regulations to be applied to biomass energy carbon emissions. A basic approach for analyses of environmental impacts has been the use of life cycle assessment (LCA), a methodology for assessing and measuring the environmental impact of a product over its lifetime—from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling. However, LCA approaches vary, and the results of alternative methodologies often differ (Helin et al. 2012). This study investigates and compares the implications of these alternative approaches for emissions from wood biomass energy, the carbon footprint, and also highlights the differences in LCA environmental impacts.
Show Description
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text:
North Carolina law requires all children in the state to receive certain immunizations. Records are checked when children enter school or child care.
Adolescents should be up to date on all the vaccines required for kindergarten entry. In addition, adolescents need one dose of Tdap vaccine and one dose of meningoccal conjugate vaccine.
North Carolina law requires adolescents receive certain vaccines. But in order to be fully protected from vaccine-preventable diseases, adolescents should receive all immunizations recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vaccines to protect against the flu, meningitis, HPV and others are available. Learn more on the Immunizations for Adolescents page.


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Florida Prepaid
The University of South Florida downloads a file from Florida Prepaid and we automatically bill for all Florida Prepaid College students that are enrolled for Fall, Spring and/or Summer terms for the maximum amount allowed.
Florida Prepaid is only billed for in state tuition. If you have Florida Prepaid and have been classified as a non-resident you need to bring your Florida Prepaid card to one of the following areas to be reclassified as an in state student:
HOUSING: For the "Dormitory Plan" contact Housing at (813) 974-0001. Housing must notify the Student Accounting office to bill prepaid. Prepaid does not
allow billing of housing for Summer Terms.
Undergraduate Admissions, SVC 1036
The Registrar's Office, SVC 1034
HOUSING: For the "Dormitory Plan" contact Housing at (813) 974-0001. Housing must notify the Student Accounting office to bill prepaid. Prepaid does not allow billing of housing for Summer Terms.
If you do not want the University to bill Florida Prepaid you must notify the Student Accounting Office. Please fill out and submit the Request Not to Bill/Resume Billing form prior to the first week of classes to have your account inactivated. You will need to submit a new form at the beginning of each semester you do not want prepaid to be billed.
- What is the per credit hour amount that Florida Prepaid will pay?
How do I tell if Florida Prepaid has been applied to my account?
Florida prepaid goes on your student account as a third party charge, which reduces the amount you owe. It does not reflect as a payment on the Account Summary by Term in OASIS but as a reduction of tuition costs after it has been applied. In the student bill payment area the prepaid shows as **3rd Party Credit** on your account activity. Pre-paid usually goes on a few weeks prior to the first week of classes.
Prepaid does not adjust on your student account automatically. If you drop or add a class towards the end of the first week of classes you need to contact the Student Accounting office to verify the amount that you need to pay to avoid a late payment fee for tuition.
Florida Prepaid is not financial aid so it will not be listed on the financial aid award screen in OASIS as a resourceClose
What fees does my Florida Prepaid plan pay?
**PLEASE NOTE** - On your OASIS Account Summary all your per credit registration fees will be listed as tuition or have "tuition" as part of the description. Some of the tuition charges contain the local fees that are not covered by all Florida prepaid plans
Tuition Plan - Covers Matriculation (Tuition) and the Building, Capital Improvement and Financial Aid fees. Students are responsible for the Technology, Green Energy and local fees, flat fees and all additional course fees i.e. lab, distance learning, repeat course fees, etc.
Local Fee Plan (Tampa campus) - Covers most of the per credit hour tuition and fees. It does not cover the Student Union Enhancement flat fee and the Technology, Facilities, Green Energy and Transportation portions of the local fees and all additional course fees i.e. lab, distance learning, repeat course fees, etc.
Tuition Differential - Students whose Prepaid plans were purchased on or before January 31, 2007 are exempt from paying the tuition differential fee (students must have prepaid hours available for billing to be exempt).For more information on Florida Prepaid and the tuition differential fee: http://www.myfloridaprepaid.com/add-a-plan/tuition-differential-fee-plan.aspxClose
What if I have Prepaid and the Bright Future's Scholarship?
Bright Future's Scholarship and Florida Prepaid
You may use both programs to help fund your educational expenses. You do not lose funding in one program because you have the other.
Florida Prepaid is usually applied to the student account first.
Bright Futures funds are disbursed after the drop/add period which is the end of the first week of classes.
It does not matter whether Florida Prepaid or Bright Future's is applied first. Both will pay based on the number of registered credit hours.
BRIGHT FUTURES IS NOT AVAILABLE DURING THE SUMMER TERM. If you do not have any other form of Financial Aid for the Summer please be sure to pay the portion of tuition not covered by Florida Prepaid before the payment deadline to avoid any late fees.
Excess funds remaining after tuition has been paid will be applied to any other charges you owe the University.
If you do not owe any other charges a refund will be sent either to the student's mailing local address or deposited into their banking account if they have signed up for eDeposit.
Contact Us
Staff Accountant:
Marianne Siler
Phone: 813-974-4886
Fax: 813-974-3618
Student Services Building,
Tampa Campus SVC 1039
Mail Point: ALN 147
UCO-Student Accounting Florida Prepaid
University of South Florida
4202 E. Fowler Ave ALN147
Tampa, FL 33620
For questions concerning the Florida Prepaid Program:
Phone: 1-800-552-4723
Web Site:
Florida Prepaid College Program


text:
DEMOJM is a cost-effective kit enabling quick MCU evaluation. The kit includes a DEMOJM base board, a red MCF51JM128 daughter card and a green MC9S08JM60 daughter card. The included kit can first be used to demonstrate the features of the MC9S08JM60 devices, starting with an on-chip USB device controller and transceiver. Then, move to MCF51JM128 with an on-chip USB host and device dual-role controller. The USB features are supported in hardware through a dedicated USB mini-AB connector and in software through the included complimentary USB-LITE stack by CMX.
The DEMOJM Quick Start Guide contains step-by-step installation instructions designed to get you ready to develop your next USB application using the MC9S08JM60 and MCF51JM128 within minutes. DEMOJM Lab Supplement for the 8-bit Flexis JM60 and DEMOJM Lab Supplement for the 32-bit Flexis JM128 will show you the various USB examples included with the complimentary USB-LITE by CMX stack for each of these devices.


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text:
"Comida, comida, comida" ("food, food, food"). Those were Mickey's words – our next door talkative mynah bird— the moment he heard my father open the backyard door every morning to feed our menagerie before he went to work. Fast forward 30+ years and I am with my dog Frida at the vet. The vet assistant taking Frida's medical history asks me: "What do you feed Frida?" I proudly say: "Homemade broth with sweet potatoes, chicken, and broccoli mixed with dry dog food." As she types in the computer, she says: "you feed her human food." I was taken aback by her comment, and could see a big "HUMAN FOOD" flashing inside my head. I did not say anything but immediately considered the following: what is dog food made of? Byproducts of human food production, hello! What is the main ingredient in dry dog food? Corn, the number one ingredient in American processed human food. Human convenience and profitability "feed" the dog food industry, and the disturbing details of dog food testing gives me the creeps. At that moment, I could also hear a modified version of Mickey's words in my head "comida is comida."
What do you feed your dog?


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DadLabs Ep. 257 The Lab - Love Your Babysitter
Posted by dadlabs on Jun. 08, 2009
Good morning Mr. Phelps. Relive the first four movies in the mega-action fr...
Blondes suck at math, pugs rock at climbing, and sharks rock at EVERYTHING!
Every other Monday, our team of blacksmiths and craftsman will be building ...
Posted by dadlabs on Jun. 08, 2009


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Ethnic clashes in Assam and neighboring districts in India have killed more than 53 people and displaced more than 400,000 since July 20, 2012. No incidents of violence have been reported since July 31, but camp populations continue to increase as people move to safer areas. The state government has set up 278 relief camps where approximately 400,000 people have taken shelter. The government of India has announced compensation for those who have lost a family member or a home in the riots.
The government is now providing food to the camps. Health and sanitation are the priority needs of the displaced families. It is monsoon season and mosquitoes and malaria are a concern. CRS Church partner Bongaigaon Gana Seva Society (BGSS) is responding and Bishop Thomas Pulloppillil of Bongaigaon has organized medical teams that have seen patients in 42 camps. CRS is visiting the camps with BGSS and will determine how to support relief efforts, most likely by providing mosquito nets and medicines. Caritas India is also involved in the response.
Bishop Pulloppillil is trying to address root problems of the violence by leading peacebuilding meetings between the groups in conflict.
Interviews with CRS staff in India are available. Media contact: Liz O'Neill.