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Journal of American Indian Education
Volume 36 Number 1
Michael Tlanusta Garrett
The United States consists of one of the most diverse populations in the world. The once popular notion of America as the great "melting pot" has given way to a growing awareness of the truly diverse and multicultural nature of this pluralistic society (Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, 1993). In the past 20 years, the United States has experienced social, cultural, and demographic changes that continue to shape the nature of American society as a population of many peoples (Herring, 1995). However, historical factors continue to act as a powerful influence on the experiences of many American Indian people.
Many authors have described the deliberate attempts throughout United
States history by mainstream American institutions such as government
agencies, schools, and churches to destroy the American Indian institutions
of family, clan, and tribal structure, religious belief systems and
practices, customs, and traditional way of life (Deloria, 1988; Heinrich,
Corbine, & Thomas, 1990; Locust, 1988; Reyhner & Eder, 1992).
Deloria (1988, p. 166) commented, "When questioned by an anthropologist
on what the Indians called America before the white man came, an Indian
said simply, 'Ours'." Characterized by institutional racism and
discrimination, there is a long history of misunderstanding of traditional
American Indian cultural values and beliefs on the part of the dominant
culture (Deloria, 1988; Locust, 1988). Five stages of U.S. government
policy have transpired which lead to the current state of sovereignty
of American Indian tribes (adapted from Heinrich et al., 1990, p. 129).
These five stages include (1) the removal period (1600s to 1840s) characterized
by the saying, "the only good Indian is a dead Indian"; (2)
the reservation period (1860 to 1920s) characterized by the saying,
"kill the Indian, but save the person"; (3) the reorganization
period (1930s to 1950s) with schools allowed on the reservation; (4)
the termination period (1950s to 1960s) with Relocation Programs intended
to achieve sociocultural integration in order to end dependence on the
federal government (resulted in the sale of large tracts of Indian lands
and increased poverty); and (5) the self-determination period (1973
to the present) with increased tribal sovereignty following a period
of American Indian activism.
By the end of the eighteenth century, the once abundant population of Native peoples had been reduced to 10% of its original size (Oswalt, 1988). Policies of extermination and seizure of lands were common in the history of the United States' interaction with American Indian tribes. Even after being forced onto reservation lands, many Indian families experienced disruption of their cultural traditions. Many American Indian children were deliberately taken from their homes and forced to attend boarding schools where they were not allowed to speak their native language or practice their traditions. The children usually spent a minimum of eight continuous years away from their families and communities (Deloria, 1988; Herring, 1989; Sue & Sue, 1990).
American policies of assimilation have had a pervasive impact on Native
peoples and their way of life (Herring, 1989; Locust, 1988). The U.S.
citizenship of American Indians was not recognized until 1924 when the
Citizenship Act was passed (Deloria, 1988). In addition, American Indians'
religious freedoms were not recognized until 1978 when the American
Indian Religious Freedom Act was passed, guaranteeing Native peoples
the constitutional right to exercise their traditional religious practices
for the first time in over a century (Deloria, 1988; Loftin, 1989).
These are but a few examples of historical factors which have affected
American Indians psychologically, economically, and socially for generations.
Although the experiences of many American Indians have changed as circumstances
and policies changed, historical factors and the process of acculturation
remain as powerful influences on the lives of many Indian people faced
with difficult choices about who they are and how they want to live
(Herring, 1989; Little Soldier, 1985; Locust, 1988; Mitchum, 1989; Reyhner
& Eder, 1992; Sue & Sue, 1990).
In order to best understand the historical context and meaning of the American Indian experience with implications for the education of American Indian youth, it is important not only to understand the effects of acculturation, but to listen to the voices of the people who have lived the experiences and who are living the experiences now. The purpose of this article is to (a) discuss the process of acculturation experienced by many American Indian youth, (b) present the narrative of an American Indian elder as an illustration of bicultural identity development and the process of enculturation, given the influence of cultural conflicts and acculturation, and in doing so, (c) elaborate on the historical and contemporary context of a traditional Indian approach to the education of youth.
Acculturation has been described as:
. . . the cultural change that occurs when two or more cultures are in persistent contact. In this process, change may occur in each of the cultures in varying degrees. . . . A particular kind of acculturation is assimilation, in which one culture changes significantly more than the other culture and, as a result, comes to resemble it. This process is often established deliberately through force to maintain control over conquered peoples, but it can occur voluntarily as well. (Garcia & Ahler, 1992, p. 24)
For an individual person, acculturation might be indicative of "a process of giving up one's traditional cultural values and behaviors while taking on the values and behaviors of the dominant social structure" (Atkinson, Lowe, & Matthews, 1995, p. 13 1). Level of acculturation has been associated with patterns of conflict resolution, willingness to use counseling services, personality characteristics, educational achievement (Atkinson, Lowe, & Matthews, 1995; Suinn, Ahuna, & Khoo, 1992), and has been identified as a dimension which influences within-group cultural values (Carter, 1991).
Although many of the core traditional values permeate the lives of American Indians across tribal groups, American Indians are not a completely homogeneous group, differing greatly in their level of acceptance of and commitment to specific tribal values, beliefs, and practices through a variance of customs, language, and type of family structure. Four basic levels of acculturation have been identified for American Indians:
According to Little Soldier (1985), "marginal" American Indians are the ones most Rely to experience a variety of difficulties resulting from cultural conflict. "They may become trapped between their birthright and the dominant society, losing touch with the former but not feeling comfortable in the latter ... [leading to] conflicts and resulting in serious identity crises" (Little Soldier, 1985, p. 187). These are the Indian youth who are most likely to experience a sense of being "caught between two worlds" as they struggle for identity and a "sense of place" (Garrett, 1995). By contrast, bicultural Indian students are identified as having less personal, social, and academic difficulty because of their ability to effectively utilize a greater range in modes of social behavior and cultural communication that are appropriately employed in a variety of contexts and situations (LaFromboise & Rowe, 1983; Little Soldier, 1985) (see Figure 1).
Through enculturation, defined as "die process by which individuals learn their home culture" (Little Soldier, 1985, p. 185), many American Indian children learn traditional values, beliefs, and modes of behavior and communication as a primary frame of reference. In the school environment and elsewhere, however, American Indian students are oftentimes faced with pressure to compromise their basic cultural values and behaviors in order to successfully meet the expectations and standards of that context (Sanders, 1987). Hurlburt, Kroeker, and Gade (1991) reported a higher incidence of feelings of rejection, depression, and anxiety reported by American Indian students in comparison to other students. Around 5th and 6th grade, many American Indian students begin to withdraw, becoming sullen, resistant, and indolent (Sanders, 1987). The apparent decline of academic functioning and motivation in American Indian students along with corresponding personal and social difficulties has been attributed, in part, to the difficulty that many American Indian students have in reconciling existing cultural differences (Garcia & Allier, 1992; Little Soldier, 1985; Sanders, 1987; Tierney, 1992). According to Sue and Sue (1990), the split between American Indian tradition and mainstream expectations provides added stress to the already difficult challenge of identity formation. Consequently, cultural conflict has been hypothesized as a factor in the large percentage of American Indian students that drop out of school (Colodarci, 1983; National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 1991; Sanders, 1987).
Researchers have discussed the significance of adolescence and early adulthood as a time of rapid changes occurring in physical, cognitive, and social growth (Bryde, 1972; Erikson, 1963; Erikson, 1968; Muuss, 1988; Smith, 1991; Sprinthall, 1988). Erikson's (1968) theory of identity development emphasized the need for individuals to complete certain developmental tasks during specific developmental stages in order to maintain a healthy personality and successfully progress through subsequent developmental stages. Adolescence has been characterized by Erikson (1968) as the stage of "identity versus identity confusion" in which the individual's developmental task is to establish a meaningful sense of personal identity. Identity achievement implies that the individual must assess his or her personal strengths and weaknesses to determine the best way of establishing a sense of congruence with his or her self-concept (Muuss, 1988). This involves answering such questions as, "Where did I come from? Who am I? What do I want to become?" The inability to sufficiently answer such questions, according to Erikson (1968) results in identity confusion, which is accompanied by feelings of alienation, isolation, and uncertainty.
Cultural values and the influence of acculturation as a mediating factor in the process of identity development is of critical importance for American Indian youth (Deyhle, 1992; Hornett, 1990; Sanders, 1987). According to LaFromboise, Coleman, and Gerton (1993, p. 399), "it is possible for an individual to have a sense of belonging in two cultures without compromising his or her sense of cultural identity." Brendtro, Brokenleg, and Van Bockern (1990), have suggested that in order to establish a healthy cultural identity, American Indian youth must find ways of satisfying the need for purpose through a sense of belonging, mastery, independence, and generosity. The process of acculturation experienced by many Indian students from early adolescence to early adulthood influences not only their definition of themselves as individuals, but also affects their social, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual well-being (Cummins, 1992; Little Soldier, 1985; Mitchum, 1989; Tierney, 1992). This presents an additional challenge for Native American youth in achieving a meaningful sense of personal/cultural identity through bicultural competence, defined as the ability of an individual to effectively utilize "dual modes of social behavior that are appropriately employed in different situations" (LaFromboise & Rowe, 1983, p. 592). In order to be culturally competent, according to LaFromboise et al. (1993), an individual must:
(a) possess a strong personal identity, (b) have knowledge of and facility with the beliefs and values of the culture, (c) display sensitivity to the affective processes of the culture, (d) communicate clearly in the language of the given cultural group, (e) perform socially sanctioned behavior, (f) maintain active social relations within the cultural group, and (g) negotiate the institutional structures of that culture. (p. 396)
Thus, the biculturally competent individual possesses a high degree of resiliency through a strong sense of him- or herself in one or more cultural contexts. Understanding the experience of the biculturally competent individual becomes important in understanding what it means to cross cultural boundaries, and how to best work with others who also must cross these boundaries successfully.
For many American Indian tribes or nations, the oral tradition of storytelling serves as an important educational method for conveying traditional values, beliefs, and expectations (Duryea & Potts, 1993; Garrett, 1991; Oswalt, 1988). It is through stories that many American Indian people learn, and it is through learning that we come to an understanding of ourselves, the world around us, and our relationship to everything in that world. Soliciting a person's story involves creating an opportunity to understand that person's life-experience as he or she understands it (Riessman, 1993). With any given story, the importance of relationship cannot be overlooked. This includes "neither the 'objective' (structure) nor the 'subjective' (culture) but the relationship between them; neither past nor present, but the relationship between them; neither dominant memory nor commonplace understandings, but the relationship between them; neither the personal/individual nor large-scale changes, but the relationship between them" (Casey, 1993, p. 12). Given these many relationships, the narrator must make decisions about framing the text concerning "the emphasis to be placed on particular elements, the way in which the elements are to be assembled for presentation, and the underlying set of assumptions..." (Casey, 1993, p. 25).
Framing, according to Casey (1993), depends upon the narrator's worldview which is "inextricably bound up with its relationship to other worldviews (in a system of intertextuality)" (p. 26). The narrator has understandings and interpretations (how they tell their story as well as what they tell) within particular contexts that allows his or her development of self, understandings of others, and responses to existing social arrangements. The narrator communicates through language, defined as "the way in which human beings make meaning, as well as worldviews that have been socially constructed in that process" (Casey, 1993, p. 3). This communication as narrative also relates the narrator's worldview and culture as a perceptual lens through which the person views the world. The focus of the narrative approach is on understanding meanings communicated through language by particular persons in relation to particular contexts. As one Indian elder put it, "in order to truly know your place in the Circle, you must recognize where you stand in relation to everything around you."
Racial-ethnic-cultural identity development has been defined as the progressive awareness and pride in one's racial, ethnic, and cultural heritage (Sue & Sue, 1990). Bicultural identity development, however, is a more complex process as described by the five stage model, adapted from Herring (1995) and Poston (1990). The stages of bicultural identity development include (a) personal identity, (b) choice, (c) denial/confusion, (d) appreciation, and (e) integration. Progression through the various stages of bicultural identity development is neither unilinear nor smooth for persons who may experience their unique circumstances as "marginal people." People enculturated in one culture, but required to function in another, experience a dual existence in two cultural realms, yet may not be completely accepting or accepted in either cultural realm. They are, however, in a unique position of either being able to or being forced to choose an identity.
The respondent, J. T. Garrett, Ed.D., M.P.H., member of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, was selected for the uniqueness of his cultural/ethnic background which includes a wealth of experience in both mainstream and traditional American Indian cultural realms. Dr. Garrett is the current Health Director for Carteret County in North Carolina and the former Director of Health Care Administration for the Indian Health Service (IHS), U.S. Public Health Service. He is also the past deputy director of the North Carolina Commission of Indian Affairs; he served for a number of years as the administrator of the Cherokee Indian Hospital, and worked at one time as a director of safety and industrial hygiene in private industry. With public health as his primary concern, he brings not only his academic and professional experience, but also his training in Indian Medicine from his grandfather, Oscar Walkingstick Rogers, and other Medicine elders including the late, Doc Amoneeta Sequoyah. From the traditional frame of reference, he speaks the Cherokee language, is recognized by tribal members as a Medicine person, and works with people who come to him for guidance and for Medicine, In addition, he teaches others in traditional ways to preserve the Cherokee heritage for future generations. Dr. Garrett describes himself as having over 35 years of experience in Indian Medicine. He was raised on the Qualla Boundary (Cherokee Indian reservation) in western North Carolina.
The interview was conducted in a 2-hour session in which Dr. Garrett
was asked to discuss his life-story in terms of how he had come to be
the person that he is today: "Who are you? Tell me stories, if
you will, relating your understanding of how you came to be the person
that you are today." When asked to describe who he was and tell
stories relating to the development of that identity, Dr. Garrett chose
to describe the many lessons he learned "coming into the Medicine."
What follows are the stages of bicultural identity development illustrated
by complete excerpts from Dr. Garrett's narrative grouped according
to the major themes which emerged.
1) Personal Identity
What is in a name.
2) Choice
You gotta understand the stories.
Another thing that I remember is that grandpa, grandpa Oscar Rogers, he kind of liked pretty girls, but he wouldn't look at them too much. He'd kind of took down, kind of glance over, and look a little bit. And he'd say, "There's a certain way to look at a pretty woman." Boy I wanted to know how to do that cause I didn't want to get myself in trouble. One time, I really saw this pretty woman, and I was kind of looking. He said, "kind of like that eh?" And I said, "Oh, no sir, I'm not looking at, at what you think I'm looking at..." And he said, "well I'm not looking either, that's the reason I look down, and I just take a glance over, see." The reason that was special to me was because he said "what I do is I keep it in my mind," he said, "I just take a glance, and I keep it in my mind." I thought, well I gotta keep it in my mind, so it was real important for me to keep things in my mind. So I'd make pictures, I'd draw pictures, and I used to draw a lot when I was real young. And I'd spend a lot of time, because I knew that I couldn't remember these plants, so I'd draw pictures of them. Mom probably still has some of the pictures I drew of plants. I learned a lot about plants. Plants always seemed to be an influence for me in my life.
Seeking the way that is natural.
Another one I remember, being influenced by the plants, was that one time I had an earache, and one of my uncles, matter of fact, I think it was uncle Charles, who had a lot of drinking problems, I had such an earache, and I was hurting, and I was holding my ear, and he said, "What's going on there?" And I said, "Well, I got an earache." He said, "Shoot, that's no problem." He said, "What did your momma do for you?" And I said, "Momma's not around, and grandma's cookin" because she was a short order cook too. Everybody worked doing something so they could bring an income into the family. And he said, "Ahh, it's no problem," he said, "let's find one of those puff balls." I said, "What?" He said, "You know, puff ball" he said, "you ever stepped on one of those things, and they go pweeskhkt." He said, "It's a little brown thing on the ground, and you look for them in the woods." And sure enough, we went into the woods, and sure enough, there were these little brown things, and he just kind of opened one up and took that stuff and put it down in my ear. Needless to say, I didn't have any idea that it had antibacterial properties, and that's basically what it was. He said, "If we had some distilled water, we could put it in some distilled water, but you don't want to put this water in cause it's got all that stuff in it, you don't want to put nothing like that in your ear, it'll just make it worse."
At an early age, I learned to know how to take care
of myself in natural ways, and to seek natural ways. And I used to always
drink tea. I can remember drinking tea. We didn't have tea bags, we
used to get tea in bulk. And you would make your own bag. There was
a certain cloth my grandma would buy, and we would just cut it up and
tie it up and make our own tea bags, and then we would mix up whatever
we wanted to. As an example, if I had a sore throat or a cough, she'd
get some black cherry or wild cherry bark, and she'd mix up some plantain
leaf, I mean just putting different things together in a tea bag, and
seep that, and that's what we would take. I was influenced by all these
It's not the medicine that does the work.
4) Appreciation
Crossing the bridge.
All of a sudden, my dad's business got into trouble. He decided that it was time for us to move back to the mountains. I was, by that time, about a senior in high school. You can imagine, I was in my last half of the year, my senior year in high school, leaving all my friends, of course, I had moved away before, so it wasn't that big a deal, but leaving my girlfriend, I had a girlfriend. That's pretty traumatic. But it's like, when we went to the mountains, it's like going into a fairy land, I don't know how to describe it otherwise. It's almost as though the feeling I had was that that was the real world out there, in Fernandina, and I was going into this magic land. I wasn't there about six months, cause I had just graduated from high school, I ran into a lady by the name of Mary. And Mary said that the Medicine Man wanted to see me, he knew that I was Oscar's boy, his grandson. I had no idea who the Medicine Man was. I had this image of this old guy sitting there with long gray hair, long beard, I don't know, I could not imagine. And maybe I was pretty much influenced by the cowboy and Indian era too. Cause the Indians wouldn't say much, they weren't too bright, you know, as portrayed in the pictures. And the cowboys had all the answers. Well lo and behold did I finally realize that the cowboys were a bunch of loudmouth know-it-alls, compared to another kind of knowledge and understanding that all of the sudden I was faced with. And the reason that I say that so strongly on the cowboy side is that cowboys had all the answers, they had all the control, they just killed everybody, they killed all the Indians and saved the little white lady with the golden hair, etc.
When I first met the Medicine Man, the first time I
met him, I just saw him from a distance, that's as far as I was supposed
to get. He just wanted to see me. I thought that was strange. Then maybe
the second time, third time, somehow or another, I do remember him saying,
"Yep, that's Oscar's boy, no question about it." Then, it
was like, I'm okay. But I also remember him saying, "boy, he sure
is white" (laughing). Now what was strange about that was that
I used to tan real easy, and I stayed dark all the time. In Fernandina,
they would make comments about me being a renegade. So they used to
make comments about me being Indian, I just never thought much about
it. And I thought, wow, I look white, gee, I've got a sun tan and everything.
But you'd have to see this old man, he was really dark (laughing). He
was really dark. Had that dark black hair, and still wouldn't talk to
So once again, the plants became a part of my life. Now here I am, seventeen, eighteen years of age, and finally Mary came down one day and she said, "The Medicine Man wants to talk to you." And also, another Medicine Man wanted to talk to me too, his name was William Hombuckle. And William Hombuckle was the one that Shirley told me he would take me back and teach me plants. So about everything I ever learned about plants, I learned from either Shirley, or my mom, or William Hornbuckle. As an example, now here I was going to school, but I was commuting and working, but every time I'd get a chance, I'd run up and William and I would go up in the mountains. He had a "sang patch" he called it, it was ginseng, but he'd say, "Hey, let's go up to the sang patch," and this was wild ginseng, and that's the first time I was introduced to ginseng. I'd never even heard of it before. But we would walk, literally walk fifteen miles back in those mountains to get to the "sang patch." And he'd say, "Nobody knows where this is, you gotta be careful cause there's diggers all over the place." I didn't know what a digger was until I asked mama, or grandma. And she said, "Well, diggers are people who took for wild ginseng" cause they would sell it, make money off of it. And I thought, wow, why would anybody pull up the plants to make money? I don't understand that. I didn't have a concept in my mind of somebody pulling up these beautiful plants, just drying out and selling them, just to make money.
Anyway, we would go up the trail, and he would always take me what he called "the wet ridges" to get up on the high side and then come down on the dry side. He would always look for special plants, and he'd say, "Now these are special plants." I didn't realize this until, one day, I was trying to identify all the plants that I knew, by the time I was a junior in college, but it was about 65. Sixty-five doesn't seem like such a large number, compared to the Medicine Man who probably knew the use and used some 250 plants. But I didn't realize, I had actually learned how to use and identify 65 plants. Those were ones that I wouldn't necessarily use for medicine, but I knew the medicinal value of those, and how to put the remedies together. You'd never pull a plant unless it was the fourth one, and you would always try to find the one on the east side if there was an east side. For the north side plants, it was for certain purposes. If it was a west side plant, in other words, if it was growing in the direction of the west, you would use it for some physical ailment. And that's the way I learned the concept of the four directions.
The fact that four was a sacred number, I realized that
because you'd always pick the fourth plant, that I would always leave
three. And if you had an emergency where you really had to have a plant,
and there was two there, you'd go ahead and take the one just for that
emergency purpose, as long as there's one. If you had an emergency,
somebody's dying, and there's only one plant, you didn't take it, cause
what was more important, the life of that, or the life of the plant?
So you'd have to run around and scurry to find another patch where there
would be more plants. Now that never happened to me, but you know, that
was when I learned that, as William Hornbuckle would say, humans were
the last beings to come from the spirit world, and so, therefore, we
were probably the most ignorant of all the beings. The smartest spirit
beings were the plants and the animals, and there were different stages
of evolution of development; and that evolution of development was based
on spirituality, not on how long something was around. But I learned
some very natural biology lessons from him such as, he would talk about
"in the beginning."
I had no idea that I would ever be thought of as a Medicine Man. That was the furthest thing from my mind. But I do remember, in going to school, some of the kids would tease me about my grandfather, who was a Medicine Man. My mother never called him a Medicine Man, she always said he's just a strong spiritual man. And even to this day, I'd say, "Mom, was he ever a Medicine Man?" but she said, "No, but he went to church, and he was a strong spiritual man, he knew all about hunting, he knew about the animals and the plants, he was in touch with Mother Earth, and he knew special things." Some time later, and maybe this occurred just a few years ago, I asked my grandmother about this, and she said, "Well, the reason for that is there was a period of time when Medicine Men were important people in the tribe, they were looked up to and recognized as being special and holy, and spiritual, but with the influence of the white man, what happened was, as modem medicine came in, the Medicine Men were looked down upon as having snake oil cures, and stuff like that" and lost a lot of recognition and respect among tribal members because of two influences: one, not just modem medicine, but somebody having something like this "builet" [pill] to help a person, or this special shot that would take the problem away, but also Christianity, religion, because, according to my grandmother, a lot of times, you know, they'd say the Medicine Man was doing bad things, whereas the minister or priest was doing good things, and that was a strong influence. So since my grandfather was recognized in the church, it was very important for him to be recognized as a "spiritual man." But I know a lot of people would go to him for Medicine.
The next thing that happened was that I was invited to join this very special circle of people to learn the Medicine. And I was the only "mixed breed." All the rest of them were full-bloods. And I was even told one time by William Hornbuckle, he was mixed by the way too, that he could never be a Medicine Man because he was a mixed breed. He knew the herbs and he'd get the herbs for the Medicine Men, and people would come him, but that he really could not call himself a Medicine Man because he did not go through the orientation with one of the seven original Medicine people. I think what made my apprenticeship different is that I did learn under one of the last original Medicine Men of the tribe, and that was Doc Amoneeta Sequoyah, and Doc Sequoyah was one of the old Medicine Men. I used to get teased a lot about that, people would say, you know, "He's an old fool, you shouldn't be spending your time with him, all he does is talk about the stuff in the past, we need to go forward and be modem."
And I didn't realize, all the years that I worked with him, even up to the time that he passed on, and I believe that was in 1987, here I went out on my own, I went in the Navy, went to Vietnam, came out and all of a sudden, it was like I was going to Fernandina beach again, I was going to get a job in modem industry and move out into the outer world. But I kept being drawn back. I just had this sense, and I had many visions come to me that I was to go and I was to study the Medicine, and that I wasn't going to be a Medicine Man on the reservation. I would really be one that would "bridge the gap," that I would be one to share, help others understand and appreciate so that we could bring the Medicine back. The idea was not to bring "the Medicine" back but to bring the integrity and reputation of Good Medicine back so that people would honor and respect and appreciate what the elders and the elder Medicine Men had actually brought to us. And if you think about it, people survived many, many generations long before "modem medicine."
5) Integration
You're this and you're that.
I think who I am, is that I truly am two people, matter
of fact, Doc Amoneeta Sequoyah used to call me "Gagoyoti"
in other words, "two people." In Cherokee, that's a way of
saying, well, you're this and you're that. For me, a lot of my conflicts
in earlier years were because I wasn't sure who I was. Was I Indian,
was I white, you know, what was a mixture of a person, where did I belong?
I knew deep down inside, I didn't belong with that class of people who
felt that they were better than others. And I knew that the people that
I came from, the Cherokees, there was something very special.
In his narrative, Dr. Garrett speaks of the way in which he learned to use his mind to create pictures through visualization, the importance of seeking natural ways, and what it means to walk a bridge between two worlds. Within this narrative, one can see movement through the stages of biracial identity development (personal identity, choice, denial/confusion, appreciation, integration), from the confusion of youth to the wisdom and integration of age through a continuous process of reconciling the values, expectations, and practices of two different cultures. One can see the influences of both the enculturation. of a traditional Indian way of life, and acculturation to mainstream values, beliefs, and expectations. One can see the strong influences of family relationships, stories, and natural approaches as Dr. Garrett reconciles his mixed racial heritage and the pressure of conflicting value systems in a gradual movement away from American popular culture (and media-propagated stereotypes) to a traditional way of life practiced by Cherokee people for generations. Dr. Garrett's narrative illustrates the importance of naming, family influences through the oral tradition, natural approaches to life and healing, life lessons in perspective and individual choice, movement between worlds (symbolic of movement back and forth along the bridge that connects the physical world and spirit world), and integrating all aspects of oneself into a unified whole in order to fulfill one's purpose of "bridging the gap" between worlds as the major themes that emerged in a description of his own identity.
The purpose of this article was to present the narrative of an American Indian as an illustration of one who has achieved a degree of bicultural competence by moving through the stages of bicultural identity development, and in doing so, to elaborate on the historical and contemporary context of a traditional Indian approach to the education (enculturation) of children in the way of the Medicine. Dr. Garrett is one example of an American Indian person who has had to deal with value conflicts and make a choice about who he is, what he believes, what he values, what he practices, and how he deals with the expectations of others/society. Dr. Garrett relates, through his narrative, what it means to him to be Indian through emphasis on the oral tradition of storytelling, strong family relationships, and a natural approach to way of life and healing, among other things.
By elaborating on the life-experiences of what once could be described as a "marginal" Indian youngster of the 1940s and 50s, one gets a better sense of the influences, challenges, choices, themes, and worldview of an American Indian individual who has managed to live, what for him is a "successful" way of life, in two sometimes opposing cultural realms. By achieving a better understanding of the self of one narrator in a particular social and historical context, educators, researchers, and helping professionals place themselves in a position of better understanding the context, and various idiosyncratic systems of meaning attributed to that context. This project illustrates the importance of utilizing narratives as a powerful form of inquiry into the subjective-level experiences, realities, and understandings of American Indian youth, given the many issues and challenges of achieving a meaningful personal/cultural identity.
In a traditional approach, as we turn to the life-stories of our elders and youngsters alike, we get a better sense of where we have come from as Indian people, and where we are going. We see the powerful influences of different systems of education, exemplified through mainstream American and traditional Indian values, beliefs, and expectations. We see the continuity of the Circle of Life in stories of images and experiences that flow from the heart, and we begin to arrive at a better understanding of where we stand in relation to everything around us. We begin to understand the importance of attending to the stories the meanings, language, experiences, images, and themes-of our Indian youth. And we begin to learn, as it has traditionally been taught to us by our elders, that education is a life-long process, just as a story unfolds, and offers the gift of its life to us.
Michael Tlanusta Garrett, Ph.D., Eastern Band of Cherokee, grew up on the Cherokee Indian reservation in the mountains of western North Carolina. Currently an assistant professor in the Department of Counseling, Special Education, and Child Development at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Dr. Garrett has authored or coauthored numerous works including the recently published book, Medicine of the Cherokee: The Way of Right Relationship.
The author wishes to thank Dr. J. T. Garrett for his willingness to tell history. A special thanks also goes to Dr. Kathleen Casey for her encouragement in the process of listening to the stories that people have to tell.
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Tierney, W. (1992). Official encouragement, unofficial discouragement: Minorities in academe the Native American experience. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.


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Sculpture Series Shows What Lies Beneath A Bear's Skin
Sculptor Deborah Simon has such a deep seated reverence for the world's bear population that she wanted to share her love of all things bear by giving us a glimpse at what lies beneath all the fur.
Deborah's sculptures are extremely realistic looking in both pose and facial expression, and the anatomical sections inject a sort of teddy bear feel into the whole thing that kinda makes me want to reach out and hug these big galoots! Oh, and did I mention that they're only about two feet tall?
Via Beautiful/Decay
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Haha, that's true Floyd! I guess we'll just have to chalk that up to artistic license.
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There is only one problem I see. A polar bear's skin is black and a black bear's skin is white.
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subset: commoncrawl


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What is the correct tire pressure for my trailer tires. Size is ST205 75 D15. Thanks
asked by: Bob
Expert Reply:
Special trailer (ST) tires should be inflated to the maximum air pressure that is stamped on the sidewall of the tire. It will be stamped with a designation of maximum load at a maximum psi.
For example, the Redline ST205/75-D15 Bias Ply Trailer Tire and Wheel, part # TW15BIAS5ON475, that you have referenced is a load range C tire. It has a maximum capacity of 1,820 pounds at 50 psi. That means the tire is capable of carrying up to 1,820 pounds of weight if you have it filled to the maximum air pressure of 50 psi. With maximum air pressure, the tires will perform and wear better, and will get better gas mileage.
The ST205/75D15 tire will usually be available in a load range B (4 ply rated) tire which is 1,480 lbs at 35 psi, a load range C (6 ply rated) which is 1,820 lbs at 50 psi, and a load range D (8 ply rated) tire which is 2,150 lbs at 65 psi.
I am including a couple of links to FAQ pages on trailer tires and trailer tire sizing.
expert reply by: Jeff D
Have a question for the experts? click here.
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Featured Help InformationTrailer Tire Frequently Asked Questions


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The grocery store, clothing shop and salon inside were busy with customers 24 hours after the parking lot swarmed with police cars and neighbors wanting to know what had happened.
The only signs of Wednesday's shooting death at the E&M Barbershop inside the mall at 1108 E. Pontiac St. were conversations between employees and customers and a vacant shop at the end of the hall.
The Allen County coroner identified the victim Thursday as Kenton Allen Beckman, 44. He was taken to Parkview Regional Medical Center where he was pronounced dead shortly after his arrival.
His death was ruled Allen County's 26th homicide this year. All but one occurred in Fort Wayne. Police have no suspects in Beckman's death.
Pontiac Food Market Manager Khalid Alkady said he was sitting in his office shortly before 4 p.m. Wednesday when he heard five shots ring out near his store. As Alkady ran to the front of the store to find out what was going on, two other grocery store employees corralled customers into a small room in the back.
"I came up to the front and saw the man running away," he said. "Then I heard two more shots."
Alkady said men he had seen working at the barbershop down the hall chased the shooter out of the building and fired a gun twice at him as he fled through the parking lot.
"I watched on the video from the camera and at 3:47, he came in and at 3:48 he was running out the door," Alkady said. "In one minute, he was gone."
Down the hall from the grocery store, past a men's and women's clothing store, the barbershop sat empty Thursday, a white sheet covering part of the entryway.
Through glass windows, several pools of blood could be seen and a barber's chair was tipped on its side.
With no new information from police Thursday, customers and shop owners continued to discuss the shooting.
"I've never seen a problem like that happen," Alkady said, turning to a co-worker who nodded in agreement.
The shooting continued a string of violence in Fort Wayne in recent days, including gunfire directed at houses.
Wednesday's homicide remains under investigation by city police, the Allen County coroner and the Allen County Prosecutor's Office.
In 2007, Beckman was charged with carjacking, accused of fleeing in his mother's car after throwing her to the ground and taking money from her purse. The case was later dismissed.
At least two protective orders had been filed against Beckman, and he was prohibited from possessing a firearm, according to court documents.


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Directors and Officers (D&O) Insurance provides financial protection for the directors and officers of your society in the event they are sued in conjunction with the performance of their duties as they relate to the organization. D&O insurance protects volunteer members in the event the board is legally obligated to pay as a result of damages to another party.
Despite their experience with other organizations, many board members may be unaware of the legal ramifications of their volunteer work and the possibility that they may be held personally liable. Since a director can be held personally responsible for acts of the society, most directors and officers will demand to be protected rather than put their personal assets at stake.
D&O insurance is needed when a board of directors is assembled. D&O insurance protects against liability claims from people who allege that in conducting the business of the corporation, the directors and officers breached a legal duty to them. Essentially, D&O insurance can provide protection for claims that result from errors in judgment. Directors have potential liability for not adequately performing their obligations or failing to exercise reasonable business judgment.
D&O insurance can sometimes include Employment Practices Liability and sometimes Fiduciary Liability. The former involves harassment and discrimination suits and is where the majority of your exposure will be, if you maintain full-time staff. Unlike a general liability insurance policy that covers losses arising from physical injury or property damage, D&O covers only those losses arising from a director's or the board's own 'wrongful acts.'
Directors and Officers Insurance is often confused with Errors & Omissions Liability. The two are not synonymous. Errors & Omissions is concerned with performance failures and negligence with respect to your products and services, not the performance and duties of management.
ASPS offers an opportunity to participate in a group Directors and Officers Liability Insurance program. Additional information is available from ASPS staff or the ASPS broker, Karl P. Kocher, Principal, Cook and Kocher Insurance Group (847-692-9200; firstname.lastname@example.com).


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3085 Piedmont Rd. NE (E. Paces Ferry Rd.) Send to Phone
404-262-0702 | Make Restaurant Reservations | Menu
OpenDinner nightly
- Valet parking
- Dress code: Casual dressy
- Full bar
- Heart-healthy dishes
- Outdoor dining
- Reservations suggested
- Romantic setting
- Take-out available
- Wheelchair accessible
* Click here for rating key
Kyma Restaurant Review: Savannah-born and -reared owner Pano Karatassos placed Kyma, his paean to his immigrant parents' native land, in the very capable hands of his son Pano Jr., its executive chef. White tablecloth service and a casual feel, a wall of broken plates --- a tribute to Greek culture --- and a ceiling of twinkling stars set the authentic ambience. Whole fresh fish resting on a bed of ice are displayed in front of a waterfall. Among the selections are lavraki and sea bass that have come from Greece and are priced at $36 per pound. A whole fish weighing 1 1/4 pounds is enough for two with vegetable sides. In addition, there's a small-plates menu that stars vegetables and a series of grilled platters priced per item. However, they are not inexpensive, as a single giant whole prawn will set you back $7. Consider the wood-grilled octopus with red onions and red wine; Kastorian bean stew; and the nearly custardy eggplant slowly stewed with tomato. For dessert, we like the Greek yogurt with honey, the Greek donuts or the custard tart, enfolded in flaky phyllo. Adventurous oenophiles revel in the Greek wines on the list but the Santorini is the best, especially with the fish.
Check out the 2015 edition of GAYOT's Annual Restaurant Issue, which features the Top 40 Restaurants in the US and more.


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The city is just setting up a vehicle to settle the case for additional money. Why not? But what do I know, I'm just a new Saks Fifth Ave. shopper.
Tony might be loosing his edge.
Looks like Gloria is looking for attorney's fees from someone--anyone.
No. They already suffered it with Joe Pa.
So how much was this "empty dream" a red herring to mask a plan to obtain an additional 30 year tax break on the 15 year old successful mall or the sincere dream of a successful developer to leave to his hometown an emerald city of retail/lifestyle experiences which make will it famous? Since this story evolved over 12 years, we will never really know, but I suspect it was a little of both.
In any case, we do wind up with something new and special in the larger mall with the latest retailers, restaurants and theaters. And I suspect that if Mr. Congel was not a Syracuse native, the smallish, Syracuse market would not have motivated another big developer to build one of the largest malls in the country here. In this case maybe the end justifies the means.
Yes. I was surprised Dion going number 4. But good for him, as he really is that good. I thought never starting would hurt his chances, but, as they say in Louisiana, the cream always rises to the top....
Wait a minute. Would not lowering I-81 to surface level cut off downtown from the S.U. and SUNY and hospitals more than the current elevated one--which we can drive and walk under? Am I missing something? or is NYSDOT?
Jerry Sloan was the NBA original who did it all the time.
Now these are some good ideas. We will never be able to cut $34 million out of the budget, we are going to have to raise revenues, too. Let the banks and Syracuse University pay more property taxes--along with owners of homes worth more than $200,000--which includes mine.
NO! Given the rising crime wave we need more police, firemen and teachers. Just raise property taxes to balance the budget, like we have to get second jobs to balance ours.
Probably. On one hand the developer has built mall expansions for other successful malls for less tax/grant help, and on the other hand something is better than nothing. At least Syracuse will get my sales tax money rather than Waterloo when I shop at the new Brooks Brothers outlet store.
Next up: a state owned casino--like the ones they have in Ontario, Canada--by the barge canal. The Guv started the process last week for the one in NYC. Why not us too?
Thanks P-S. Now I understand the history of how the original mall got the new year 30 tax break guaranteed through those bonds. Also, it is clear that if anyone wants to complain about it they should look to Roy Bernardi and Matt Driscoll, not Mayor Miner. As for me, at this point I'm looking forward to Brooks Brothers, bowling, go-cart racing and fondue dining when they open in the mall expansion wing.
bcole2893, I do agree with Roy in that the mall took a junkyard and made it into a great mall. But wasn't that accomplished with the original 15 year PILOT real estate tax break from 1990? I'd like Roy and Matt to answer why they needed to guarantee a new 30 year PILOT for the old mall and the expansion, since they share the same junkyard site plan. (Maybe give a PILOT for the expansion, but the old mall?)
All of the politicians involved need to explain why they supported a guaranteed 30 year tax break for the old mall regardless of what is was built or not built. I don't blame the developer for taking it. Heck wouldn't we all take one for our home if the city offered it?
I agree with the mayor that this mall expansion is better than nothing--especially in this economy. And this will be a great addition to our city.
But I still have one question: Why did the original Carousel Mall need a new 30 year PILOT tax break in addition to the original 15 year one set to expire? I thought these PILOT programs were designed to promote new projects, but Carousel Mall has been a great success for 14 years and nearly 95% occupied. Maybe I missed the answer, but I can't think of one.
Look, any CPA who works for the mall tenants will tell you that the tenants pay rent. In addition, they pay a monthly charge for common area cleaning and repair, insurance and taxes based on the store's square footage. If taxes change downward from what is budgeted they are due a refund for that year. I agree with againstdumb that this deal will help attract good tenants (maybe a Legal Seafood?).
At least we are getting a major league mall out of all this (finally a Brooks Bros.). And don't worry about property taxes; the mall tenants are the ones who would be paying them anyway, not the developers.
Meet in Fayetteville? New York? How about FM High School?
McDonalds small hamburger. Bite into one and a priceless childhood memory always surfaces to brighten my day.
Nonsense. The tradition of political patronage is as American as apple pie. It's good to see it alive and well and being used for the common good.


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The Reunion-A A +A
Saturday, May 24, 2014
THANK GOD there was no one who came pregnant during our recent high school reunion. After all, it was already 36 years when we graduated from our alma mater, the Southern Mindanao Academy (now known as Southern Philippine Adventist College).
Of course, not everyone came for the reunion. Only very few know about it; only those who have Facebook accounts were able to learn the news. We also asked them to contact our other classmates if they knew some.
All in all only 17 came. But it was a blast. Everyone had fun. They became like teenagers all over again -- as if they were still in high school. Nothing, it seemed, changed. No one can stop them from sharing their stories -- from the past to the present.
Some are already living abroad but decided to go home in order for them to attend the reunion. Ujeandela Cruz-Balintongog and Eva Delgado-Hehr had to travel all the way from Canada. Delia Moralde-Urboda had to take a leave from her work in Las Vegas, Nevada so she could join.
Rebecca Salarda-Cabahit traveled from Gingoog City; she was with her only son Bobet, who drove their vehicle. Smyrna Dino-Cayona also brought her own car but she arrived late at night already. Later on, while having our dinner, she surprised everyone -- especially those from abroad -- when she carried durian fruits into the table. It was a feast!
Those from Davao City who joined the reunion were Glocelyn M. Bardago (who served as a driver), EmmelineLayon-Hayag (whose car was also used for our tour), Archiles V. Astilero (who tagged along her only daughter and niece), and NoriePleños-Alcover (thanks for preparing the tarpaulin).
Rebecca Natavio-Lasco, ArmiBugayong-Aragon, and NinfaAlfeche-Albaracin came from our alma mater, as they live nearby. Two from Digos City also came: Jocelyn GuiñaresYlagan and Luzminda Bautista-Jasmin.
There were only three males: myself, Samuel Natavio, and Eliezer Ramos (who was with his wife and son). Natavio, who now lives in Bukidnon, had to leave in the late afternoon on the first day our reunion since he had to catch a flight going to Cebu City. Ramos and his family hail from General Santos City.
Two of our former classmates -- William Lim (who now resides in Canada) and Gerry Calba (now based in Denmark) -- shared some financial assistance so that our other classmates can join the reunion. So even if they weren't around, both were still talked about.
There were others who helped to make the reunion possible. Ujean provided the printed T-shirts of our reunion. The following also provided financial assistance: Ujean, Delia, Eva, Smyrna, and Samuel.
On our first day, the group met at MacDonald in Damosa in Lanang. One after another they came. And so what started as a silent minority became a loud majority when more people joined the fray. There were moments of laughter, picture-taking, story-telling, and hugging.
I had to leave the group twice. The first time was when I had to pick up Delia at the airport. I brought the group to the Bluejaz Beach Resort and Water Park, where we were billeted for our first day.
When everyone was settled already at the resort's White House, I went back to the airport to pick Ujean. The two of us were having a great time talking with each other; she's still the Ujean I know before: charming and dignified.
In the afternoon, we had a session together where we shared our stories as to what happened to us after we left our alma mater. There were stories of struggles, laughter, and mistakes. But through it all, we had a chance of knowing what happened to our classmates after we said goodbye on our high school graduation.
On our second day, we went to Eden Nature Park. On our way, Delia and Ujean -- both marang aficionado -- were having the best of time when they were able to eat their favorite fruit. "Now, I can say my trip here is complete," Delia said.
We had a tour at the man-made park and took our lunch afterwards. After eating, we rested for a while before we tried the Indiana Jones zipline.
After Eden, we traveled for more than an hour to reach our alma mater. We toured the place and were surprised that it has completely changed through the years.
Then, it was time to say goodbye. Some opted to stay while others hit the road again to go back to Davao City.
As we travel, the words of American actor and singer Bob Hope came to mind: "When we recall the past, we usually find that it is the simplest things - not the great occasions - that in retrospect give off the greatest glow of happiness."
See you again classmates in 2017!
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Assistant Professor « Position Deleted on 1/01/2014 »
|Western Carolina University
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This position is no longer an active posting on HigherEdJobsAssistant Professor
Western Carolina University invites applications for a tenure-track Assistant Professor of Spanish and Coordinator of the BSEd, beginning August, 2014.
Western Carolina University is a 9,000-student campus in the University of North Carolina system. In order to meet emerging needs of the people of the state, WCU is committed to doubling its enrollment within a decade. Academically, WCU offers 120 areas of study for undergraduates and more than 50 graduate-level programs, including a doctorate in education and physical therapy. WCU is in the early stages of planning for the Millennial Initiative, an ambitious and comprehensive regional economic development strategy that will enable the university to partner with business, industry, and government. The Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools accredits WCU to award baccalaureate, masters, education specialist, and doctoral degrees. The university is in the development stages of implementing its cutting edge Quality Enhancement Program (QEP), Synthesis: Pathways to Intentional Learning. Western Carolina University is committed to the Boyer model of scholarship, stewardship of place, integrated learning, and engagement. The campus is located in the picturesque Cullowhee valley between the Great Smoky and Blue Ridge mountains, 50 miles west of Asheville, North Carolina, and 150 miles northeast of Atlanta. Four-season outdoor activities abound nearby.
Minimum Training & Experience Requirements: Applicants should have a PhD in Spanish Linguistics (in hand by time of appointment). The successful candidate should have a proven record of college teaching, advising and mentoring, possess native or near-native fluency in both English and Spanish, and be eligible for or be willing to obtain a license to teach Spanish in North Carolina public schools.
Degree must be from an appropriately accredited institution.
Preferred Qualifications: Preference will be given to candidates who are qualified to teach French and who have experience leading study abroad courses.
Special Instructions to Applicants: To be considered, you must apply online.
Please attach a letter of application, curriculum vitæ, and a one-page statement describing your teaching philosophy.
Additionally, 3 letters of recommendation should be submitted directly to:
Prof. Santiago García-Castañón
Head, Department of Modern Foreign Languages
Western Carolina University
Cullowhee, NC 28723
Application review will start immediately and will continue until the position is filled. For questions and additional information, please contact Dr. Santiago García-Castañón at email@example.com (828) 227-3500.
Western Carolina University will provide equal employment opportunities for all persons regardless of race, color, national origin, creed, religion, sex, age, disabilities, sexual orientation, or political affiliation, except where religion, sex, or age are bona fide job related employment requirements.
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|117 posts found
Originally posted by nusquam
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I never saw anything from Gaute outlining what he thought was wrong with the game. Perhaps he provided it to Craig? Keep in mind that I was simply a designer at that point - I was not in management meetings.
Your impressions are again irrelevant. I am a Conan fan, and I still reread the stories for inspiration even though I am no longer actively working on the project. You can believe me or not.
Your second question should be posed to the man who set the direction for the project. There were plenty of internal discussions about exactly that topic, with people well versed in the lore actively arguing against the magic system. A company is made up of individuals, as I mentioned earlier.
Al Harron and I had a long email exchange regarding the expansion storyline and I made a several changes based on his feedback.
However, every single Conan story involves fantastic elements. They are in fact at the core of every single one of the stories. That is a part of what makes the adventures of Conan so incredibly compelling - the sense of the weird hovering just out of sight.
There are examples of exotic mounts, pets and minions in the stories. I understand why you think they were overused, it's the same discussion regarding everybody being the "hero" in an MMO.
You really need to prove what you say here. I have been reading these same comments for *years* and they are pretty much baseless. The beta forums for Godslayer have been closed for a while, but again, go to the testlive forums for TSW. There are dev answers, comments and estimates in a lot of the issue threads.
Sometimes bugs appeared fixed internally and then reappear on the live servers. (We've had this on The Secret World with the Gear Manager bug and it is driving the coders insane). Nobody wants this to happen.
A lot of people are involved in deeming a product release ready. QA, Operations, Management, Development. In the case of Godslayer, all of the right boxes seemed to have been ticked.
Yes, this software had been tested on the beta servers for 8 months. Client crashes and errors are regrettable. The expansion playfields had a larger memory footprint than the other playfields and it caused problems on live servers. It was not easily spotted in the beta, because we didn't have servers running 6 instances of different playfields.
You have every right to be annoyed about it. But it has been fixed. And our testing routines were changed. I would recommend anyone playing a Dreamworld game to run it on a 64-bit system as 32-bit just doesn't cut it with the memory footprint. But 32-bit is still a min spec because it does run.
No you literally did call me out personally. Check your earlier post re: Joel Bylos, korean grindfest yada yada.
Yes, and I am saying that we upped numbers which would not have changed the overall amount of content in the game. Here is the thing - players always follow the path of least resistance. That means as soon as one person finds a way to exploit, everyone is doing it 2 days later. Players always exploit. It's a sad fact that years in this industry have proven to me time and time again.
We put in safeguards to ensure the exploiting in Godslayer would not be rampant - and took longer to remove those safeguards than anticipated. It really shouldn't be harder to understand than that.
Yeah, this is another one of those urban legends. Proof that Funcom banned people who were negative, rather than people who broke the forum terms of service would be great.
As for ignoring players - no. As I said earlier, you cannot please all segments of a player base and someone always gets left out. Then it becomes the hyperbolic "ignoring the playerbase" but that just isn't correct. It's your perception, rather than a truth on any level.
So don't hold me hostage to the mistakes of the past. Be open to the discussion. I can't change the past. I can only change things going forward.
Well, unfortunately I can't comment on this in any way as it involves legal stuff.
Well over a year before launch Ragnar said that the PC version of TSW was the focus and if we did a 360 version it would be a very different game. Feel free to fact check that:
Your recollection is again, just your perception. Funcom did not turn it into a PvE game, it always had elements of both since launch. Classes have all been completely revamped at least once since launch in an attempt to bring them into line. PvP was added, as was planty of PvE.
And yes, I read the forums. I do this on every project I work on to use it as a compass for understanding the direction the player base is swinging. Keep in mind that forums really are a very small percentage of players, and playerbase wide surveys usually show with much more accuracy the wishes of the majority.
And I have explained it, both the why it was announced (and that I agree with you it was too early) and the reason it was dropped. There is really nothing more I can offer on this topic.
My points and indeed this discussion have always been about that. The Secret World is proof in many respects that we learned lessons from the past. Now we have a different set of lessons to learn.
This is natural for any gaming company - hell even Blizzard have plenty to learn from each product they release.
No offence but I am the one being open and honest here. You are just questioning my points. But I appreciate the good wishes at least :)
Again, I can only speak for what I know. F2P could happen in any of those timeframes and it wouldn't invalidate the fact that the only meetings I have been in to discuss it have ended with "not anytime soon."
It goes back to the misinformation example - things could change rapidly. Will you call me a liar if they do, or will you accept that I don't have a crystal ball and that decisions in a company are made on many levels and not all of them involving the development team?
This time I really will end this. If you want to continue the dialogue, I invite you to send me a PM on the official forums (same username).
Overall I am grateful for the response it was insightful. Perception though is a two way thing, perceptions as a developer can be a lot different to that of a player. Worlds apart even.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 1/10/12
Originally posted by fallenlords
Heck, perceptions between players can even be worlds apart, even if they've been playing on the same server, then the perception of one player regarding bugs, gameplay experience and whether it was great fun or not can be a woeld of difference compared with another player.
Originally posted by smh_alot
Totally agree. But there is a gulf in perception between developer and player. Developer will see the technicalities of doing something, player doesn't care they just want it to happen. Developer comes at it from a design point of view, a player comes at it from being a source of entertainment. Never met a developer yet that liked taking ownership of anything. Unless you had documents written in triplicate with the blood of a slaughtered virgin and blessed by a holy man of the Hindu Kush. Then it may be considered, as long as x number of customer can verify it with a signed statement written in Klingon. That's just for the acknowledgement, don't even ask me what you have to do to get a bug fixed...
Advanced Member
Joined: 8/17/09
Wow, Joel. Props to you for coming out here and tackling the negativity.
TSW is an awesome game that has spoiled me for everything else. Thanks for that. :)
Novice Member
Joined: 11/30/11
I think joel just joined the list of my favorate Devs. You are awesome.
Because i can.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 9/24/12
Originally posted by Jaedor
Also the level of communication, information, as well as the CS -> 10/10
And if I may add I haven't missed a single beer drinking dev live stream yet! Always exciting to hear the FC guys talk about TSW
Novice Member
Joined: 9/28/12
Originally posted by nusquam
Funcom does ban naysayers and those with criticisms from their forum. If you say they arent then why did I get a 2 month ban for making a thread on a bug and then asking for resolution? Why do I put a ticket in to be handled by customer service it never gets answered? Why does is my best friend unable to submit a ticket because you guys have left his last ticket open for 3 months?
Apprentice Member
Joined: 9/24/12
Originally posted by jayfeeler69
I call BS, I've seen the same handful of trolls posting their baseless criticism and company insults over there for MONTHS until it got unbearable, they must have been reported by users several hundred times until they got banned for good. And boy was I happy when they finally did. Terms of service are the rules, people need to hold on to it or or go away. They've got enough fun and company bashing on this forum.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 8/09/12
Originally posted by Yakamomoto
I agree with this. If the developers weren't interested in feedback - pro and con - then they wouldn't devote entire feedback threads to that very purpose. I've also been impressed with members of the dev team coming on and explaining why they did what they did - and even moreso, why they didn't do some of the things that posters were requesting. In the Gear Manager issue threads, I could practically feel the frustration the devs were experiencing at how stubborn the errors have been, regardless of the fixes they threw at it. Seeing a dev post something to the effect of 'Yeah, we're /facepalming and /headdesking too!' was a refreshing bit of honesty, IMO.
The only times I've seen threads get locked was when flamers made the same basless accusations over and over and OVER again, and other posters getting fed up with it... oh, and when threads are consolidated - and they even list the threads that were locked in the consolidation thread. Pretty impressive, I must say.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 6/07/04
Originally posted by jayfeeler69
Your post history makes it a bit hard to believe. Have any screen captures to prove your claim? After all receiving a ban for something petty is great ammunition for a negative thread and having screen captions of it would be icing.
.. .... .- - . - .-. --- .-.. .-.. ... .-- .... --- .-. . .--. --- .-. - .-.-.-
Joined: 3/03/12
Funcom is a different type of company. More mom and pop than chain. I hope my 15 helps.
Novice Member
Joined: 7/05/07
nothing much interesting me in this patch, but continue developing the game one step at a time, is the right way to go.
Originally posted by Yakamomoto
Personally heard from a lot of people that have been banned from the Funcom forums. I got a permanent ban for posting negative threads. I made sure I didn't breach any terms of service. I have also heard from a number of users that are too timid to post on the forums, they just don't want the aggro that raising a contentious subject may bring. Those are actually the users you need to worry about, because they just vote with their feet.
I remember a barbers sign, 'If you like our service, tell others. If you don't, tell us'. I did that on the Funcom forum and got banned. To my mind game companies are big enough and ugly enough to take the rough with the smooth. While people don't like so called 'trolls' being negative about their game or company. I actually think fanbois are more harmful. They stop the timid from posting because of the way they attack people, reporting them to mods, questioning their motives etc most of the time without even taking part in the discussion. Blindly believing anything a company is telling them without question, when the company motives at the end of the day are totally business/money related. To me it's much more freaky to be a fanboi but somehow that's acceptable. I bet nobody has been banned for portraying a totally positive one sided view of things. So they are not fearful of any repercussions, where somebody of a negative disposition has to be careful and double check everything they say.
Starting tomorrow I am going to turn into a fanboi and see if I can at least get a warning for being overly optimistic.
Novice Member
Joined: 5/07/11
Originally posted by Yakamomoto
Novice Member
Joined: 9/28/12
Originally posted by bcbully
Never knew an international corporation beholden to investers was mom and pop. I think you dont understand what that means


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Town Square
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COMMENTS ON STORIESiPads taken from John Baldwin school
Nearly three dozen iPads were stolen from John Baldwin Elementary School in Danville on Tuesday night. Read the full story...Original post made on Jan. 17, 2014
Last comment by Derek, on Jan 27, 2014 at 12:35 pm | 17 comments | 4589 Views
CRIMES & INCIDENTSGunman in eviction shooting identified, held on $2.5M bail
The alleged gunman, 42-year-old Mike Ghoneim, was arrested and booked into Contra Costa County Jail in Martinez early Thursday...Original post made on Sep. 20, 2013
Last comment by Ney, on Sep 20, 2013 at 10:13 am | 2 comments | 4585 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESWeekend drowning claims 10-year-old
Tragedy struck a Danville family this weekend, as a 10-year-old girl drowned Saturday in the family's backyard swimming pool....Original post made on Aug. 24, 2009
Last comment by Gino Giordano, on Aug 24, 2009 at 9:16 am | 1 comment | 4578 Views
AROUND TOWNDougherty Valley water supplier implements use restrictions
People living and working in the Dougherty Valley area of San Ramon face new water restrictions as their water provider works...Original post made on May. 13, 2014
Last comment by Flylooper, on Jul 20, 2014 at 6:22 am | 11 comments | 4567 Views
CRIMES & INCIDENTSLast player in St. Isidore embezzlement case sentenced
An Alamo resident and former volunteer at St. Isidore's Catholic Church has been sentenced in an embezzlement case. Evelyn...Original post made on Dec. 9, 2011
Last comment by been there, on Feb 27, 2012 at 10:57 pm | 33 comments | 4557 Views
AROUND TOWNLandslide mitigation work under way at KB Homes development
During the approval process for Quail Ridge, geotechnical reports identified an area south of the planned development that...Original post made on Apr. 9, 2013
Last comment by JT, on Apr 15, 2013 at 12:24 pm | 17 comments | 4550 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESAsk the Vet: Shedding
A reader writes that she is tired of living with so much shedded dog hair. This month's column provides reasons for shedding...Original post made on Oct. 8, 2013
Last comment by Gallant Cotons, on Oct 13, 2013 at 9:51 am | 2 comments | 4548 Views
SCHOOLS & KIDSWhat is your opinion of our Danville schools?
Lets start some real conversations about our Danville schools. Students: Do you feel safe in your Danville school? ...Original post made by Marie on Sep. 4, 2009
Last comment by has to be anonymous, on Sep 16, 2009 at 10:57 am | 78 comments | 4531 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESPair busted in San Ramon school theft may be linked to similar crime in Danville
Two men arrested this week outside a San Ramon elementary school are also being considered "persons of interest" in a similar...Original post made on Feb. 7, 2014
Last comment by Derek, on Feb 7, 2014 at 10:57 am | 4 comments | 4518 Views
CRIMES & INCIDENTSSuspect who allegedly shot property manager during foreclosure surrenders after standoff
A property manager was shot when he and sheriff's deputies attempted to deliver a foreclosure notice at a home in unincorporated...Original post made on Sep. 18, 2013
Last comment by Joe, on Sep 19, 2013 at 5:40 pm | 3 comments | 4499 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESDanville man convicted of lying to get legal residency
A Danville man faces deportation after being convicted of lying to obtain citizenship. Jie Zhong's naturalization was revoked...Original post made on Sep. 18, 2013
Last comment by C. R. Mudgeon, on Sep 20, 2013 at 2:49 pm | 8 comments | 4492 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESJudge rules Danville officials improperly approved housing development
The town of Danville acted improperly during its approval of a proposed residential development in the northeastern part...Original post made on Aug. 1, 2014
Last comment by RS, on Aug 27, 2014 at 11:04 pm | 27 comments | 4489 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESSan Ramon attorney sentenced in 'dirty DUI' case
A San Ramon family law attorney specializing in divorce cases has been sentenced to two years in federal prison as the latest...Original post made on Feb. 5, 2014
Last comment by Member , on Feb 11, 2014 at 5:14 pm | 12 comments | 4481 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESSchool board endorses Alamo campus redesign amid neighbor complaints
The San Ramon Valley school board approved the Stone Valley Middle School renovation project Tuesday night amid support from...Original post made on Dec. 12, 2014
Last comment by Horace Mann (look me up), on Dec 15, 2014 at 8:29 am | 4 comments | 4476 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESCHP: Speed possibly factor in fatal head-on
A young Danville web designer may have been speeding along Crow Canyon Road before the head-on collision that claimed his...Original post made on Nov. 13, 2013
Last comment by Barbie, on Nov 13, 2013 at 9:09 pm | 1 comment | 4457 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESBill to mandate kindergarten passes Assembly
The Assembly last week passed a bill that would make kindergarten attendance mandatory for students before they can take...Original post made on Jun. 5, 2014
Last comment by Derek, on Jun 8, 2014 at 12:15 pm | 3 comments | 4454 Views
AROUND TOWNRare, polio-like virus striking Bay Area children
A polio-like illness has stricken 25 children in California, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital officials announced at a...Original post made on Feb. 26, 2014
Last comment by C. R. Mudgeon, on Feb 28, 2014 at 3:12 pm | 2 comments | 4429 Views
AROUND TOWNUPDATE: San Ramon council continues Faria Preserve hearing
The San Ramon City Council discussed the proposed Faria Preserve residential development for nearly four hours Tuesday night...Original post made on Jul. 10, 2014
Last comment by Kate, on Jul 18, 2014 at 2:03 pm | 25 comments | 4412 Views
AROUND TOWNAlamo teen heading 'into thin air'
An 18-year-old from Alamo is hoping to be one of the youngest to ever climb Mount Everest, and his parents are backing him...Original post made on May. 5, 2010
Last comment by Susanne, on May 14, 2010 at 11:34 am | 6 comments | 4405 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIES12 San Ramon Valley campuses named 2014 California Distinguished School
Twelve San Ramon Valley elementary schools have received the 2014 California Distinguished School award, state officials...Original post made on May. 1, 2014
Last comment by Diana, on May 1, 2014 at 6:45 pm | 5 comments | 4393 Views
Primaries and Pivots
By Tom Cushing | 21 comments | 662 views
The Frinks return to the states from Africa
By Tim Hunt | 3 comments | 548 views
Tour of the Arts
By Roz Rogoff | 2 comments | 184 views


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Jilly's Cupcake Wars-Winning Treats: Gut Check Investigates
After Tuesday night's show, the secret's out: Jilly's Cupcake Bar (8509 Delmar Boulevard, Ladue; 314-993-5455) won Food Network's Cupcake Wars challenge. Chefs Casey Shiller and Dana Holland took home the $10,000 prize and bragging rights by baking for a party honoring the first men to travel to space, Yuri Gagarin and Alan Shepard. Hearing that the four winning treats featured on the show would be sold today at the bakery, Gut Check ventured up Delmar for an afternoon sugar fix.
Amanda Woytus Prize-winning cupcakes from Jilly's
You can purchase the Jilly's prize winners, which will become part of the regular menu, individually for about $6 each or in a pack of four for about $20. The flavors reflect the out-of-this world party theme: "Island in the Sun," a pineapple cake topped with freeze-dried mango pieces; "Meringue-a-Tang," a Tang-filled almond-orange cake; "Space Monkey," a banana-toffee cake capped with chocolate astronaut ice cream; and "Raspberry Fizzion," chocolate-raspberry cake garnished with fizzy candy.
Amanda Woytus Tang-infused cupcake
Going straight for the "Meringue-a-Tang," we didn't know what to expect. Would the beloved Tang orangutan from the drink's commercials circa the '90s appear out of nowhere upon first bite? He didn't, but the cupcake gave us enough of a kick without him. We're pleased to report that it tasted more like a fresh orange than the powered stuff.
Amanda Woytus The "Island in the Sun" cupcake from Jilly's.
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Services - Occupational Therapy
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Customized splints are fabricated by Occupational Therapists and can be utilized to:
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The ultimate goal is to try and guide the patient in reestablishing their usual activities and make recommendations that will enable the patient to resume former activities within a safe environment. Recommendations for adaptive equipment (i.e. reacher, sock aide) or durable medical equipment (i.e. shower bench, raised toilet seat) may be made. By making necessary modifications to the home environment, educating the patient and family and implementing a treatment program, the patient will succeed in living more independently, and improve the quality of their life.
Adaptive Equipment
Devices that are used to assist with completing activities of daily living. Bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, and feeding are self-care activities that are including in the spectrum of activities of daily living. Some of these items include reachers, sock aides, long shoehorns, commodes, and tub transfer benches.
Active Therapy
The Activity Therapy staff is responsible for incorporating the client's activity therapies into the individualized treatment plan. They are also responsible for continuously updating unit staff about the client's behaviors and progress.It offers services which are designed to aid in helping impaired individuals to improve their functioning level and help the client see his life as more meaningful and enjoyable through:
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Saebo provides innovative rehabilitation products for individuals suffering from neurological injuries such as strokes.
The SaeboFlex is a custom, dynamic orthosis specifically designed for stroke survivors who exhibit some shoulder and elbow movement but have minimal hand function. Specifically, the stroke survivor can usually close their hand (i.e. curl the fingers into a fist) but he or she cannot then open the hand or extend his or her fingers. The SaeboFlex orthosis will support the patient's wrist and hand, which have been weakened due to a neurological condition (e.g., stroke, TBI, incomplete spinal cord, etc.). The SaeboFlex orthosis will allow the patient to use their affected wrist and hand thereby enhancing their ADL performance and promoting functionality.


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I have been waiting on this mixtape to drop for some time now and it is sure to live up to the hype. I say every time that Nipsey is bringing back the West Coast gangsta scene and it is the truth. I have no download for you but have a streaming audio thanks to imeem and OS. If you are feeling it then I suggest you go buy the album here. There isn't much more to say about this except that I know you all won't be disappointed.
Nipsey Hussle – Bullets Aint Got No Names Vol. 3


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