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Have an idea that might be lucrative but aren't sure how to get started? Amanda Miller Littlejohn at Black Enterprise discusses ways to cash in on your own strengths.
Embrace your Expertise. Chances are, you are an expert at something. That something is the thing that people most frequently ask your opinion on or most frequently thank you for. Accept that this is true, and that what you do/have/give is good enough to charge for. Don't worry about whether or not people pay. People will always pay for something they want and something that they perceive will add value. That is the first step.
Identify Your Process to Package Your Services. Depending on the service that you provide, one reason that you are not making money off of it right now is because you don't know how


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View Invisible Mines
Turn the screen brightness to maximum to see mines that normally are not visible.
Contributed By: Bodobodot.
Know Something We Don't?
You can submit new cheat codes for this game using our Cheat Submission Form.
Have We Been Fooled?
If you see a non-working or fake code in the list above, let us know by using our Problem Submission Form.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Bounce #4
Series Info
Latest Issue:
The Bounce #12
Digital Edition Includes
- ePub
What is a digital edition? Find more information on digital files & formats and how to read them here.
- Story By: Joe Casey
- Art By: David Messina
Cover Price: $2.99
Digital Price: $1.99
Diamond ID: JUN130536
Published: August 21, 2013
The Bounce is confronted with a classic superhero dilemma: Is the Horror an enemy... or a kindred spirit? Meanwhile, Jasper Jenkins is confronted with a classic relationship dilemma: Is his potential girlfriend smarter than he is? All this, and THE VAMP, too!


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Russian Film Series: Ivan Vasilievich Changes Profession
Sun, April 13, 2014 • 7:00 PM - 10:00 PM • MEZ 2.118
The Department of Slavic and Eurasian Studies is proud to announce the fourth screening in the Spring 2014 Russian Film Series!
This week's screening will feature Ivan Vasilievich Changes Profession (1973), in which Shurik Timofeev builds a working model of a time machine. By accident, Ivan Bunsha, an apartment complex manager, and George Miloslavsky, a petty burglar, are transferred to the 16th century Moscow, back into the time of Ivan IV "The Terrible". The pair is forced to disguise themselves, with Bunsha dressing up as Ivan IV and Miloslavsky as a knyaz of the same name. At the same time, the real Ivan IV is sent by the same machine into Shurik's apartment, where he has to deal with modern-day life.
The film is loosely based on a 1935 play of the same name by Mikhail Bulgakov, author of "The Master and Margarita."


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NEW: Origins of Online Community as told to the 2013 SWARM Conference in Sydney, Australia.
Resume | Send me email | "Cyberspace Innkeeping: Building Online Community" | "The New Me" - Porchlight transcript | Farm Stories | Facebook |
I'm John Coate.
email firstname.lastname@example.com
Scroll down for bio..
"John is the guy who made the WELL into a community"
-Howard Rheingold
I am the Executive Director of Mendocino County Public Broadcasting and the General Manager of FM radio station KZYX and KZYZ in Philo, CA. We're a community-supported public radio station for Mendocino and neighboring counties. We're a hybrid of locally produced music, news and public affairs and NPR, PRI, BBC, Pacifica and other national radio programming.
I have spent more than twenty nine years developing and managing innovative new media projects, most notably the WELL, and SF Gate.
While based on computer and network technology, my work is really about strengthening community, developing culture, advancing public knowledge and helping people use communication technology for personal empowerment. I was, along with a few other people, the founder of SF Gate and I was its General Manager from January 1995 through January 2001. SF Gate was my attempt to help professional journalism maintain its relevance as the digital peer-to-peer revolution advances. SF Gate was the first big city news website in the world. While there my crew and I pioneered a number of innovations, some of which are now standard features at most news web sites.
I was employee #2 at the WELL from 1986-1991. I was instrumental in creating the online community that Wired! magazine called, "the world's most influential." Because of this work, I am one of the four guys on the cover of the May 1997 issue of Wired!. I'm the one on the left. The others are Larry Brilliant, Stewart Brand and Cliff Figallo. My nominal title was Marketing Director, in truth I am the first person to make my living as an online community manager.
This cover story was later published as a book: The WELL: A Story of Love, Death and Real Life in the Seminal Online Community by Katie Hafner. I am also prominent in Howard Rheingold's classic, The Virtual Community. Most recently I am profiled (with a full page picture of Cliff and me) in Fred Turner's 2006 book, From Counterculture to Cyberculture.
Here is a photo of Cliff Figallo and me taken in 1987 at the WELL office in Sausalito. This picture appeared in the New York Times. And here is another from that same day that appeared as a full page photo in the Fred Turner book. (Both photos by Kevin Kelly)
If you are interested in how people interact socially online, check out my essay, revised in 1998: Cyberspace Innkeeping: Building Online Community. I wrote Innkeeping towards the end of my time at the WELL as a way to capture the essence of what I learned there. There is a lot of good advice in there if you want to understand the online social environment better. Since that time I have worked at two chat-based companies and founded a BBS-style conferencing service at SF Gate.
In 2002-3 I was the Development Director for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. In August, 2003, I was in an EFF ad that ran as a full page in Rolling Stone and Spin. I'm second from the left.
In 2004 and 2005, I set up the US edition of Habbo Hotel, where I was "brojo."
In January 2008 I did a standup storytelling bit at the Porchlight Storytelling Series hosted by my good friends Beth Lisick and Arline Klatte. The theme was "The new Me: Stories of Reinvention." Here is a transcript of my rap.
Before I got involved with networked computing and new media I was a carpenter, an auto mechanic, an interstate trucker, and a farmer. I also played in a few rock and roll bands. I came to the online world through working and living in various communities, most notably the Farm in Tennessee. The Farm was a unique and unforgettable experience. Back in 1987 I wrote some stories about my experiences there. Excerpts of these stories were printed in Whole Earth Review magazine.
From 1978 through most of 1982 I lived with my family in an urban version of the Farm collective in a big house in Washington DC. This was a very successful urban commune. I also lived for a time in the south Bronx as part of a group that started a free ambulance service as part of the Farm's Plenty organization. My daughter Jennifer was born in that house, which is now a halfway house for unwed mothers. These experiences taught me the dynamics of community and the social attributes of human nature. In many ways, this was the basis of my subsequent career in community networking and public knowledge.
Here are a couple of pictures from the old Farm days:
Playing in the Homegrown Band in 1972 when I was 21.
With the Farm Motor Pool, in about 1974. We called ourselves the Golden Bolts.
Here is a drawing that was used in an article about the Farm and the WELL from a 1988 issue of Whole Earth Review. I'm the guy on the right, age 23. I had just started up the first truck motor I rebuilt.
Next is a picture of the "Sausalito Bus," my home for much of 1970-72. We were part of the bus Caravan that later went to Tennessee and founded the Farm. As many as ten people at a time lived on this great old 1946 Aerocoach. An incredible odyssey that took us to New England and back before its final parking place in Summertown, TN.
Here are two views of the interior,front and rear.
Also, a snapshot of my old truck, a 1972 Mack cabover. Drove it 200,000 miles a year with different partners from the Farm Trucking Company - Bossman, Limey, Grease Monkey, Buddy and Wildman.
I've been in a few rock and roll bands. In 2005 I recorded (multitrack on a Sony laptop) this song by Brojo and the Squabblers, "Ignore", for the teens at Habbo Hotel as a way to help them not be bothered if someone bugs them. Kinda silly, but it has its moments. To all you Habbos out there who remember Brojo, I enjoyed it just as much as you did!
And a guitar riff from a reunion gig with one of my old bands, the Wild Dogs, recorded at Camp Winnarainbow in 1993.
My email moniker is "tex" but I'm not really from Texas..I'm from the Bay Area. I went to high school here in San Francisco. "Tex" was my CB handle when I was driving 18-wheelers around the country back in the mid-seventies.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.


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A city man was charged with assaulting his girlfriend on Valentine's Day, Johnson City police said in a news release.
Thomas Martin Dalton, 46, 121 Top Side Circle, No. 10, was charged with aggravated domestic assault Friday after police were called to the Johnson Inn, 2700 W. Market St., in reference to a report of a male and female fighting.
Officers observed a female with several obvious physical injuries, who was examined by emergency personnel and transported to an emergency room. She identified her boyfriend, Dalton, as the person who assaulted her.
After a brief investigation, Dalton was arrested and taken to the Washington County Detention Center, where a $15,000 bond was set and a Sessions Court arraignment scheduled for Monday.comments powered by Disqus


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EAST STROUDSBURG UNIVERSITY– With nervous parents pinning corsages, and smiling students hugging friends, Saturday afternoon's ceremony at the East Stroudsburg University's Abeleoff Center looked just like a college graduation.
It was and it wasn't.
The ceremony celebrated six students with Down Syndrome who are the first group to complete a three-year program designed to help them thrive in the "real world." The Career and Independent Living and Learning Studies program works closely with ESU's Special Education and Rehabilitation program, and ESU students serve as mentors for the CILLS students, developing close relationships.
CILLS student Sam Heller says,"We live in a house with six students and two mentors. We learn life skills like cooking, laundry. I'm loving it!"
His proud father, Todd Heller, says, "It's amazing. I can remember the day he was born and we are like, how are we going to deal with this? To imagine that he's graduating from college, it's a great experience."
But while Saturday's ceremony may have felt like a graduation, the CILLS students are not formally enrolled in ESU and do not receive ESU degrees, though they do use campus facilities and socialize with the student body.
When it came time to recognize students completing the program, that distinction lead to some controversy.
Student mentors and some CILLS parents had hoped that the CILLS students would be allowed to participate in ESU's graduation ceremony, an idea that was rebuffed by the school's administration.
Mentor Rebecca Rhodes said that some students even signed a petition. "We are all like one group of students. They should be able to walk with the rest of their graduating class. We don't feel that it's fair they have to have a separate ceremony."
But, as beaming students walked on the stage to accept their certificates, their excitement seemed to outweigh any discontent.
Dr. Domenico Cavaiuolo, the program's director, says, "Take a look. This is a celebration. This is just for them."


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FLOW-3D Cast is designed specifically for modeling a wide range of casting processes and includes the relevant components required to provide a full design solution. It combines an intuitive user interface that uses a progressive approach to guide users to completion with the powerful FLOW-3D solver to deliver accurate predictions of filling and solidification-related defects. FLOW-3D Cast is available in three package levels so that companies with varying needs can select the product most suited to their process and their budget.
FLOW-3D Cast consists of a full flow and thermal solution for both the cast alloy and the die or mold. Simulations of filling and solidification using FLOW-3D Cast provides important insight into a casting process. This understanding helps identify problems with a design to increase yield and reduce the time required to perform physical design iterations. All this leads to production of quality parts in less time, resulting in greater customer satisfaction and profits. As a versatile simulation tool, FLOW-3D Cast can also enable companies to save time when deploying new casting processes or alloys.
To learn more about how FLOW-3D Cast can be used to model virtually all casting processes, visit our metal casting application pages.


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Don't have a cow, Smart Start! Citizens 'post bail' for fundraiser
Apr. 26, 2013 @ 08:05 PM
This year, on April 18, Franklin-Granville-Vance Smart Start conducted its annual fundraiser, Time Out Thursday, at Chick-fil-A of Henderson.
Several local citizens volunteered to be "detained" for an hour apiece and collect enough money in donations so that they could afford "bail." In total, more than $3,000 was raised, all of which will go toward Smart Start programs for local children.
Those agreeing to be "incarcerated" at the restaurant during this event included: John Barnes, Henderson-Vance Chamber of Commerce; Ruth Hartness, Vance County School Board; James Kearney, Henderson City Council; Frank Sossamon, South Henderson Pentecostal Holiness Church; and Jay Stephens, Perry Memorial Library.


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- About
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Bethlehem, Pa., February 16, 2010—Moravian College will attain its goal and mission of being a residential college by increasing the number of students who live on-campus. Beginning this fall, non-commuter students who were granted releases to live in private off-campus housing will be required to live in housing provided by the College. The College is acting upon recommendations from its "DREAM Commission" report developed in 2006 which called for the institution to achieve the goal of being a 85% residential campus.
"We believe strongly in the benefits of being a residential campus and that there is great educational value in the experiences that students have outside of the classroom, and in particular, in the residence halls," said Christopher M. Thomforde, Moravian College president. "In support of the DREAM Commission report and in an effort to meet the educational goal of being a residential college, we embarked on an initiative to build the HILL residence hall on the Hurd campus, which has allowed us to realize this residential campus goal."
"The college seeks to increase opportunities for students to grow intellectually, socially, and personally through developmental programming, educational workshops and social networking, and to experience the full advantages of community life," Thomforde explained. "We believe that living on-campus as part of a learning community produces the most productive college experience for our students."
The Hill (Hurd Integrated Living and Learning Community), which open in August of 2009 has increased Moravian's capacity to house students on-campus by approximately 240. Prior to the construction of the HILL, the College allowed some students to apply for permission to live "off campus" because it did not have campus housing to accommodate all of its students.
Students will still be permitted to commute if their permanent address is within 50 miles of campus. Those students who want to live at home with their parents or guardians, will be permitted to do so if they follow the appropriate application process. However, those students who, in the past, have applied to live off-campus and then rent locally and live with roommates will not be permitted to do so from this point forward. Anyone not living at home with a parent or guardian will be required to live in on-campus housing.
Moravian College's mission emphasizes its commitment to the value of being a residential institution. It states, "Moravian College is a residential, liberal arts college that draws on the Moravian traditions of community, engagement in the world, and balance among body, mind, and spirit in the life of the individual."


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News Archives
Friday, November 12, 2010
New Boundaries Proposed For East Side Middle and High Schools
The attendance boundary committee has developed proposed attendance boundaries for the east side middle and high schools, The intent of these boundaries is to help relieve the overcrowding at Dr. John Long Middle School and Wiregrass Ranch High School and to balance the student populations at the east side middle and high schools. The middle schools affected by this proposal include Dr. John Long Middle, Pasco Middle, Raymond B. Stewart Middle, and Thomas E. Weightman Middle. The high schools affected include Pasco High, Wiregrass Ranch High, and Wesley Chapel High. The committee did not recommend changing the boundaries for Centennial Middle and Zephyrhills High. Links to maps showing these proposed changes can be found below. Larger, more detailed maps will be posted in the lobby of each affected school.
Proposed 2011-2012 Middle School Boundaries Map
Proposed 2011-2012 High School Boundaries Map
Proposed 2011-2012 School Boundaries Map - Areas of Change
If approved, these boundaries will take effect beginning August of 2011. Next year's Seniors will remain at their current school.
Parent meetings will be conducted to review and receive input on all of the proposed boundary changes. These meetings will be held at Wesley Chapel High School on November 30th at 6:30 pm and at Raymond B. Stewart Middle School on December 7th at 6:30 pm. The content will be the same for both of these meetings.
The First Reading of these proposed boundaries will be heard by the School Board on December 21st, 2010. The Second Reading and Board Action will be on January 18th, 2011.
For additional information, please contact the Planning Department.
Five Most Recent...
News Articles
- Pasco County Schools Closures
- Special Olympics Bronze Medal Team to Arrive Home Tonight
- UNITED WAY OF PASCO COUNTY SORTS SCHOOL SUPPLIES FOR OVER 1400 TEACHERS – Monday August 3, 2015
- Chamber Steps Up for Schools
- Wiregrass Ranch High Schedules Orientations


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Clocking In
You have clocked in to MySA.com's business news blog about San Antonio and South Texas businesses and business people.
Yearly Archive for 2012
Steve Jobs action figure – but does it have iPhone grip?
GI Joe watch out. Here comes Steve. Traditional heroic muscle-bound action figures are about to be out smarted and out innovated with the launch of the Steve Jobs action figure next month, according to the Digital Life blog. The 12-inch figurine will cost $99 and comes with the iconic outfit Jobs was known for: eye glasses, black turtleneck, […] [Read More]
Starbucks to raise prices in S.A., across most states
Prices for "short" and "tall" coffee as well as some specialty coffee drinks at most San Antonio area Starbucks have increased. The Associated Press is reporting that Boston, Atlanta and Dallas are among other cities where Starbucks Corp. will be raising the prices of their coffee products. And while San Antonio was not mentioned in […] [Read More]
Show More


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Rusal to Halt 70,000 Tons of Output at World War II-Era Smelter
July 10 (Bloomberg) -- United Co. Rusal, the largest maker of aluminum, plans to halt a Siberian smelting line built during World War II that's too old to modernize to increase efficiency.
"The company is studying a plan and the timelines to close the first production site at the smelter," Rusal said today by e-mail. The line built in 1942 has a 70,000 metric-ton capacity.
The line in Novokuznetsk makes up 1.5 percent of Rusal's aluminum capacity and employs about 550, who will move to other sites. Lost production will be regained when Rusal starts the Boguchansk smelter in Krasnoyarsk region next year, it said.
Aman Tuleyev, governor of Kemerovo region where the line is located, asked Rusal to close its smelter's oldest facilities as they damage the environment, his press office said yesterday on its website. Rusal is studying cutting 300,000 to 600,000 tons of smelting output, or 6.4 percent to 13 percent of capacity, Deputy Chief Executive Officer Oleg Mukhamedshin said in May.
To contact the reporter on this story: Yuliya Fedorinova in Moscow at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: John Viljoen at firstname.lastname@example.com


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General Description:
Ashley Hall provides a challenging and rewarding academic environment
for girls and young women in grades K-12. In the Ross Early Education
Center, a co-educational program is provided for boys and girls, ages
2-5. A rigorous curriculum, taught by exceptional faculty, is customized
specifically for the way girls learn and interact. Providing that environment ensures students an
outstanding education, and a true sense of self, community, their place in the world and a competitive advantage in today's world.
School Songs: "Sing, Sing Oh Ashley Hall"
School Motto: Possunt Quae Volunt (Girls who have the will have the ability)
Enrollment: 675
Serves Students: Ages 2-5 (co-ed), Grades K-12 (all girls)
Graduates Have Attended These Prestigious Colleges: Brown University; The United States Military Academy at West Point; Oberlin College; College of William and Mary; Columbia University; Duke University; Harvard University; Mt. Holyoke College; Randolph Macon College; Vanderbilt University; Davidson College; Rice University; Vassar College; Wake Forest University; University of Virginia; Washington and Lee University, Yale University and others.


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Queen's Campus Computer has partnered with FixMyPod to help facilitate the repair of mobile devices for the Queen's Community by offering an on campus drop off and pick up location for our customers.
FixMyPod is a Kingston, Ontario based business offering quality repair & unlocking services for your Apple iPhone, iPod, and iPad, and are also experts in BlackBerry and Android powered Cell Phones and Tablets.
We are based in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and we have years of experience in dealing with mobile phones and handheld electronics. We strive to offer competitive prices to our customers and provide the highest level of customer satisfaction. Our expert technicians have many years experience repairing electronics and we use only genuine OEM parts for our repairs. FixMyPod also offers a warranty that guarantees any services provided or replacement parts installed by our service technicians for 90 days.
All repairs and billing are handled by FixMyPod. The Computer Store will only be serving as the depot.


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I knew it! That scene in the Forbidden Forrest when Harry is supposed to be "dead" but was totally giggling the whole time, I knew he was drunk! That sneaky tiny little British man.
Daniel Radcliffe has admitted that at the age of 22 he has given up alcoholic together after he was showing up to work drunk, and by work I mean the set of "Harry Potter."
Radcliffe told British magazine, Heat, "I can honestly say I never drank at work on 'Harry Potter.' I went into work still drunk, but I never drank at work. I can point to many scenes where I'm just gone. Dead behind the eyes."
I know the scene. Potions class, 6th movie. Daniel Radcliffe was trying to add Goosegrass to make Polyjuice potion. Who does he think he is, a first year Hufflepuff? WHATT? The joke is gonna go over well with the three Harry Potter fans reading this right now.
"I have a very addictive personality," says Radcliffe, "It was a problem. People with problems like that are very adept at hiding it. It was bad. I don't want to go into details, but I drank a lot and it was daily – I mean nightly."
Earlier today on the Wendy Williams show, Radcliffe revealed how his drinking problems were getting out of control.
"It was leading me to a place where I was not really happy in my life, and its much better now that I've stopped," says the actor.


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Last year, Del. Alfonso Lopez, D-Arlington, tried to convince the General Assembly to allow undocumented students to pay in-state tuition.
He argued it made business sense. He argued the cost was small. He argued it was fair. But the proposal failed.
But Tuesday night, hugs, handshakes and congratulations greeted Lopez after the House Subcommittee on Higher Education and Arts unanimously approved a bill to afford the privilege to undocumented students who came to Virginia as children.
The panel rolled several versions of the bill, including Lopez's, into HB1525 by Del. Thomas Rust, R-Fairfax County.


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Special days
Birthdays to be celebrated this week are: Casey Combs, Layna Ward, and Heather Wood on May 21; Becky Hitchcock on May 22; Markus Moyer and Matt Pollic on May 24; Thom Randall on May 25; and Sue Rogers, Bill Gilbert, Tom Degelermo and Sue Duell on May 27.
Anniversaries to be celebrated this week are: Becky and Bob Hitchcock, plus Chrystal and Gary Murray on May 22; and Joe and Irene Sayer, and Rose and Joe Ehle on May 26.
Get Well wishes go out to Cliff Dureau, Jackie Dingman, Joe Masher, Ray Hanes, Liz Kennedy and Trudy Siletti - We hope you are all feeling better!
Farmers Market
Now's the time to sign up to be a vendor at the Thurman Station Farmers Market held Wednesdays through the summer. Those who would like to put their products or produce out to sell, the committee is now taking applications for vendor space. To get an application, contact Sally at 623-4889.
Need EMS help
Have you driven up High Street and seen the vehicles at the Thurman Emergency Medical Services building which tells us that someone is ready to take any emergency 911 call that comes in?
The squad is still looking for volunteers to help out. Anyone over the age 18 can put in an application. Leave your name and phone number at the Thurman Town Hall. The Thurman EMS agency is also in need of drivers, age 21 or over, and any person who wishes to help out in the community is welcome to volunteer.
Over the fence
Irv West is offering a valuable community service - he's looking to enrich your soil as well as enrich your life.
West is offering free llama manure for folks' use as fertilizer, which is sure to boost the growth various gardens in the area. Call Irv at 623-3987 to arrange a time for pickup - and bring your own container.
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"Guns are dangerous. How can you support people owning such dangerous thing?"
That was a question I was asked last week. It was a valid question, though I've answered it a few thousand times through the years. Still, there are those who still don't understand it.
First, there are an estimated 2.5 million instances of people using a firearm to defend themselves per year. Many of those aren't reported since no weapon is actually discharged. Others are people using them against aggressive animals. That's a lot of times a gun keeps someone safe.
Now, let's contrast that with the number of firearm related homicides per year. According to the CDC, there were 2,670 homicides per 100,000 people. That works out to about 2.15 million homicides used with a firearm each year. Just the basic math worked out to 350,000 more people defend themselves with a gun than are killed by people using a gun.
However, there are a few factors to be considered that actually skew the numbers even more in favor of guns being for the better. For example, many killers are determined to take the life of their victims. As such, they're not that particular as to the means of doing just that. Obviously, the percentage is unknowable, but even the most ardent advocate of gun control must acknowledge that some people will simply switch weapons if guns were no longer available.
There's something else that must be considered, and that is the fact that we should punish people for what they do. However, gun control measures actually punish people like you and me. They keep us from owning a tool that may well save our lives because of the actions of others. You will never stop violence. It's not possible.
Of course, that's just the tip of iceberg. Our founding fathers made sure to protect our right to keep and bear arms. The truth is that they wanted us to have the means to resist a tyrannical government. Laws currently on the books make it incredibly difficult to resist an oppressive regime. However, we can resist oppression on our streets.
Our right to keep and bear arms isn't a requirement; it's not something that we all have to do. However, it's vital that we have the opportunity to make that decision for ourselves. Someday, we might not be able to, and that will be a dark day in American history.
Written by Tom Knighton. Read his blog at TomKnighton.com, as well as SWGAPolitics.com. A lifelong political junkie, Tom started out his adult life as a journalism major at Darton College before leaving school to serve his nation as a U.S. Navy Corpsman. Through the years, he has watched government from outside and inside. A former Reagan supporter, then later a Democrat, Tom now finds himself quite comfortable as a card carrying Libertarian and currently serves as Chairman of the Libertarian Party of Southwest Georgia.


text: Prev | Next Purchase this photo Billy Summers/The Putnam Herald On Saturday, May 18, 2013, in Winfield, cyclists begin the Ninth Annual Putnam County Bridge to Ridge Bicycle Tour by crossing the Kanawha River at Winfield. Gallery: Putnam in Pictures, May 24 May. 24, 2013 @ 12:32 PM The Herald-Dispatch / 2015 Did you miss something in Putnam County this week? Chances are, one of our photographers was there. ()


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Big 5 Sporting Goods has big 6-pages in their Pre-black Friday flyer. Supplies are limited so hurry in and pick up great deals across the store from fitness, apparel, snow sports, games, and sports and outdoors departments. Special store hours and discounts valid from Friday 29th and continue until the following Wednesday 4th December.
Save products to Wishlists, view Black Friday Ads on our iOS and Android apps! Learn more.
Copyright © 2015 BlackFriday.com All rights reserved.


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A proximity sensor measures receptor output with an energy source deactivated. The sensor then measures receptor output with the energy source activated. The measurements with the energy source activated are compared to the measurements with the energy source deactivated to compensate for the effect of ambient conditions. A near condition is recognized if the change between the two groups of measurements exceeds a designated value. To compensate for receptor output that may decrease after reaching a peak value during approach of an object, a near condition can be maintained until the change between the two groups of measurements no longer exceeds a different designated value. Multiple sensors can be used to avoid false near conditions caused by, e.g., placing a device equipped with the sensors next to a stationary object. In one embodiment, a sensor comprises an infrared light emitting diode and a phototransistor.
1. A data input device, comprising:
a first detection means for detecting object proximity to a first position on the device, the first detection means including a first source means for emitting electromagnetic energy and a first receptor means for generating an output in response to electromagnetic energy;
a second detection means for detecting object proximity to a second position on the device, the second detection means including a second source means for emitting electromagnetic energy and a second receptor means for generating an output in response to electromagnetic energy; and
control means for
selectively activating the first and the second source means,
sampling outputs of the first and the second receptor means,
storing indicators for sampled outputs,
comparing sets of indicators stored during intervals when the first and the second source means are deactivated with sets of indicators stored during intervals when the first and second source means are activated, and
recognizing an object-near condition only if the comparisons of sets stored while the first and second source means are deactivated with sets stored while the first and second source means are activated identify triggering levels of difference between the compared sets.
2. The data input device of
3. The data input device of
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/753,343, filed Jan. 9, 2004 and titled "Proximity Sensor with Adaptive Threshold," now U.S. Pat. No. 6,933,922, which application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/058,384, filed Jan. 30, 2002 and also titled "Proximity Sensor with Adaptive Threshold," now U.S. Pat. No. 6,703,599. This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/055,658, filed concurrently herewith and also titled "Proximity Sensor with Adaptive Threshold." All of said applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
This invention relates to proximity sensing systems and methods. Such systems and methods are useful for managing power consumption in an electronic device, as well as for other purposes.
Power management is becoming increasingly important as electronic devices place greater reliance on battery power. Portable computers, personal data assistants (PDAs), tablet computers, cellular phones, pagers, and wireless computer peripherals are only a few examples. While components of such devices are becoming increasingly power hungry, the demand for longer intervals between battery replacement or recharging has increased. Indeed, many devices are often turned on for ready usability but left idle for significant periods of time. Accordingly, there is an increasing need for systems and methods that reduce or slow battery depletion.
Wireless peripheral devices intended for use with a host computer are becoming more common. In particular, cursor control (pointing) devices such as a computer mouse can be made wireless by inclusion of a battery power source within the device and providing a wireless data link to a personal computer or other device via, e.g., an infrared or RF transmitter/receiver pair. Without effective power management, however, continuously operating a wireless peripheral can rapidly deplete the device's battery power, thereby requiring frequent battery replacement or recharging.
A common method of minimizing power consumption is to configure a device to "sleep" when it is not being used. In other words, a device may turn off many of its components during periods of non-use, and turn those components back on when the device is used. In a wireless computer mouse employing mechanical encoder wheels moved by a roller ball, sleep can occur by powering down the mouse's transmitter and receiver components, as well as other components not currently needed. The mouse can then periodically sample the encoder wheels for movement. When a change is detected in encoder wheel position between sampling intervals, the device "wakes up" and reactivates any powered-down components. This sampling occurs at a rate that is fast in comparison to human response time (on the order of 50 millisecond (msec) intervals); moving the mouse thus "wakes" the device without a perceptible delay. After experiencing a designated period of no motion, the mouse can then go back to sleep. The inactive intervals between sampling allow the average power use during "sleep" to be very small.
In another line of technological development, cursor control devices utilize optical surface tracking systems in lieu of conventional encoder wheel arrangements. Exemplary optical tracking systems, and associated signal processing techniques, include those disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,172,354 (Adan et al.) and copending applications Ser. No. 09/692,120, filed Oct. 19, 2000, and Ser. No. 09/273,899, filed Mar. 22, 1999. Optical tracking can provide more reliable and accurate tracking by eliminating moving parts (e.g., a ball and associated encoder wheels) which are prone to malfunction from the pick-up of dirt, oils, etc. from the tracked support surface and/or a user's hand. On the other hand, optical tracking requires considerable power for driving the circuitry used to illuminate a trackable surface and to receive and process light (image information) reflected from the trackable surface.
Although optical mice and other cursor control devices are an improvement over devices relying upon mechanical encoder wheels, sampling mouse motion as a method of "waking" a sleeping optical mouse is problematic. To determine motion, the imager must be powered and compare at least two successive images to determine motion. This requires a motion detector's illuminating LED to be turned on for a significant amount of time. The resultant power use is thus greater than that of a sleeping mechanical mouse. There is thus a need for alternative methods and systems that sense when a mouse (or other input device) is needed and wake the device. Proximity detection is one such alternative. Instead of sampling the mouse's (or device's) motion detector elements for movement, detection of a user's approaching hand can be used as an indicator that the mouse must wake up.
Various types of user proximity detectors are known and used in power management systems and other applications. For example, Mese et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,396,443 discloses power saving control arrangements for an information processing apparatus. More specifically, the Mese et al. patent describes various systems for (1) detecting the approach (or contact) of a user associated medium to (or with) the apparatus; (2) placing a controlled object of the apparatus in a non-power saving state when such contact or approach is detected; and (3) placing the controlled object in a power saving state when the presence of the user associated medium (i.e., a stylus pen or part of a user's body) is not detected for a predetermined period of time. The '443 patent describes various types of approach/contact sensors. Among these, various "tablet" type sensor systems are described, including electromagnetic, capacitance, and electrostatic coupling tablets. In one embodiment, a contact or approach detecting tablet, and a flat display panel, may be integrally formed with a housing of the information processing apparatus.
Sellers U.S. Pat. No. 5,669,004 discloses a system for reducing power usage in a personal computer. More specifically, a power control circuit is disclosed for powering down portions of a personal computer in response to user inactivity, and for delivering full power to these portions once user activity is detected via one or more sensors. The components to which power is reduced (or removed) are components which can respond almost immediately to being turned on. On the other hand, components which require a period of time to come up to full operation (e.g., disk drive motors, monitor, main processor) are driven to full power. In the primary embodiment that is disclosed, the sensor is a piezoelectric sensor fitted into a keyboard. Sellers discloses that sensors may be positioned at other locations on the computer (a monitor, mouse, trackball, touch pad or touch screen) and that various other kinds of sensors (capacity, stress, temperature, light) could be used instead of piezoelectric sensors.
Commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/948,099, filed Sep. 7, 2001, discloses capacitive sensing and data input device power management systems and methods. In the disclosed embodiments, capacitive proximity sensing is carried out by detecting a relative change in the capacitance of a "scoop" capacitor formed by a conductor and surrounding ground plane. The conductor may be a plate provided in the form of an adhesive label printed with conductive ink. Charge is transferred between the scoop capacitor and a relatively large "bucket" capacitor, and a voltage of the bucket capacitor is applied to an input threshold switch. A state transition from low to high (or high to low) of the input threshold is detected, and a value indicative of the number of cycles of charge transfer required to reach the state transition is determined. The presence or absence of an object or body portion in close proximity to or in contact with a device can be determined by comparing the value with a predetermined threshold. The predetermined threshold can be adjusted to take into account environmentally induced changes in capacitance of the scoop capacitor.
The present invention provides a simple system and method for proximity detection representing an alternative to the capacitive sensing systems and methods described in Ser. No. 09/948,099. The invention is described by way of a particular implementation in a wireless computer mouse using optical tracking, but can be implemented in other forms and in other contexts. The invention detects proximity of a hand, other body part or other object by measuring output from a phototransistor or other device that generates, in response to an electromagnetic illumination, a voltage or other output that varies with time of illumination. When electromagnetic radiation from an adjacent illuminating source is reflected by an object into the receptors the output of the receptor rises more quickly than the output would rise in response to ambient conditions alone. The output is sampled at multiple points during a sampling period, and an indication of the relation of each sample to a threshold value is recorded. To compensate for detector output rise over time that would occur in ambient conditions (i.e., with no reflected energy from the adjacent illumination source), two series of samples are recorded. The first series is taken in ambient conditions (the illuminating source off), and the second series is taken with the illuminating source activated. The sequence of recorded output indications from the "on" series is compared to the sequence of recorded output indications from the "off" series, and if the change is above a designated level, an object is determined to be near.
In one embodiment of the invention, a phototransistor (PTR) is used as a receptor, and an infrared light emitting diode (IR LED) is used as an illumination source. A series of bits is recorded with the IR LED off, with a "0" bit stored for each sample where the PTR voltage is below a threshold voltage and a "1" stored for each sample where the PTR voltage is at or above the threshold voltage. A second series of bits is recorded with the IR LED on, and the results compared. If the difference in "1" bits is above a designated level, an "object-near" condition has occurred (i.e., object is recognized to be near).
According to another aspect of the invention, a second sensor (e.g., a second receptor/illuminating source pair) is added, and an object-near condition is not recognized unless both sensors detect the object. In this manner, false detections can be avoided when a user device (e.g., a computer mouse) is positioned next to a stationary object (e.g., a coffee cup or other desktop object). According to another aspect of the invention, the voltage sample series can be tested for noise or other anomalous results, and the series discarded if corrupted.
These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the attached drawings.
An exemplary application of the invention within a computer input device is presented. Specifically, a wireless, optically tracking computer mouse is described by way of example. However, the invention has much wider-ranging application, and can be used in numerous devices wherein it would be advantageous to conserve battery power during periods of non-use. The invention also has a useful application in other data input devices—portable and non-portable, wireless and wired, self-contained and peripheral (e.g., to a host computer). The invention finds particularly useful application (but is not limited to) battery powered devices which are intermittently used and generally left on over extended periods of time so as to provide ready usability when demand so requires. Such devices include (but are not limited to) portable computers, personal data assistants (PDAs), tablet computers, cellular phones, pagers and wireless computer peripherals, e.g., mice and keyboards. Moreover, the proximity sensing aspects of the present invention are not limited to power management, and can be implemented in virtually any device (data input device or otherwise) where it is desired to determine the presence or non-presence of an object or body portion in close proximity to another object. By way of example and not limitation, this includes many applications where other types of proximity sensors have been used: water valve actuation in toilets; faucets and drinking fountains; automatic door control systems; alarm systems; security lock systems and safety interlock systems, etc.
As is known in the art, illumination causes charging of a PTR's internal capacitance. This charging results in a ramping voltage across the PTR as the illumination continues. The rate of charging a PTR's internal capacitance, which corresponds to the slope of the voltage ramp, varies with the intensity of the electromagnetic illumination of the PTR (whether infrared or visible light). In order to reset a PTR's voltage to zero, the PTR is "clamped" by grounding the PTR. When a PTR is "unclamped" and exposed to illumination, it will begin generating a voltage ramp which can be sampled and measured. Referring to
This change in voltage rise time can be used to indicate the proximity of an approaching object. If an object is nearby, the voltage rises more quickly, and a stored bit pattern will have more 1's. Because the steepness of a PTR voltage ramp is dependent upon illumination intensity, however, ambient light level can affect the rate at which the PTR's output voltage rises. Referring to
The invention compensates for the effect of ambient light by measuring PTR voltage during a first interval with the IR LED off, and then measuring PTR voltage during a second interval with the IR LED on. These series of measurements are then compared to determine if there is an object in proximity. This is shown in more detail with reference to
As seen by comparing the example of
Microcontroller 51 can also be configured to disregard spurious signals. If noise or other defect corrupts the signal received by microcontroller 51, the resultant bit sequence will likely be a non-thermometer code. In other words, instead of any "1" bits being in a contiguous block (e.g., "00001111," "00111111," etc.), the bit series may have interleaved "0" and "1" bits (e.g., "00101011"). Microcontroller 51 can be configured to recognize such a series as invalid, and to disregard the results.
Another aspect of the invention allows a controllable amount of hysteresis, i.e., the system can wake up and go to sleep at different thresholds of illumination. This could be desirable for multiple reasons. A characteristic of LED-PTR pairs is that, as a reflective object approaches, the voltage across the PTR reaches a peak at a certain distance, and then decreases for further approach. Without differing wake and sleep thresholds, the voltage across the PTR could be lower when the user grasps a mouse than when the user's hand approaches, causing the mouse to resume sleep mode. To prevent this from occurring, microcontroller 51 is configured to wake the mouse at a first threshold, and to allow the mouse to sleep at a second threshold. As shown in
One algorithm incorporating the invention is described in the flowcharts of
As part of the exemplary algorithm, microcontroller 51 stores 0 if the voltage is below Vthreshold when measuring a PTR voltage ramp at port 52 or 53. Microcontroller 51 stores a "1" bit if the voltage is equal to or above Vthreshold. The 1-bit samples of the PTR voltage ramp are stored in a 16-bit variable named Temp, with the bits rotated LSB to MSB. Referring again to the shallower curve of
Values of Temp with an IR LED off can be compared with values for Temp with the IR LED on in various ways. For example, the sampling series bit sequence from the LED-off interval can be exclusive-or (XOR) compared with the sequence from the LED-on interval. The result of such an XOR operation would be a bit sequence with the number of "1" bits equal to the difference between the two sequences. In the exemplary algorithm, the "ncd( )" encode function together with the "dcd( )" decode function of the PICBasic Pro™ language are used to process the PTR ramp sampling sequence loaded in the input buffer Temp. The ncd( ) function returns a value equal to the highest order bit that is set to 1. For TEMP=0000000000000111, ncd(Temp) =3. In other environments, the ncd( ) function can be implemented as a function that returns 0 for arguments x equaling 0, and returning 1 plus the integer portion of log2(x) for all other values of x [i.e., int(log2(x))+1]. A variable B0 is then used to store the ncd(Temp) result.
A set of samples from a PTR ramp should yield a "thermometer code," i.e., either all 0's or a series of 0's followed by a series of 1's, with no interleaved 0's and 1's. Sometimes, because of electrical noise or other problem, the PTR voltage might cross Vthreshold more than once during a single sample series. In one embodiment of this invention, a corrupted sequence could be detected. If the sequence is corrupted, it could be rejected. In the example, the dcd( ) decode function can be used. The dcd( ) function converts an argument, representing a bit number between 0 and 15, into a binary number with only the argument bit number set to "1." For example, dcd(4)=0000000000010000 [24=16 in decimal notation]. In other environments, the dcd( ) function could be implemented as a function returning 2x for an argument x. The dcd( ) function is then computed using the just-computed value of B0 as an argument. The combined result of dcd(B0) [i.e., dcd(ncd(Temp))] is a binary number having a decimal value of 2N, where N is the highest order 1-bit in Temp. If the measured value of Temp is a block of 1-bits with the largest 1-bit equaling 2(N-1), adding 1 to Temp yields a binary number having a decimal value of 2N. The following example illustrates this:
Conversely, if any 0's corrupt the value of Temp (i.e., Temp is not a thermometer code), adding 1 to Temp will have a different result:
Accordingly, in the exemplary embodiment, a test for a corrupted sequence can be implemented as a test for a non-zero result of dcd(ncd(Temp))−(Temp+1). If this test confirms a good (i.e., non-corrupt) sequence for Temp with the IR LED off, ncd(Temp) is stored in Tempoff. Samples are then taken with the IR LED on and similarly tested.
After uncorrupted sequences are obtained with the IR LED off and with the IR LED on, the value of B0 with the IR LED on is compared to Tempoff. Specifically, the difference between B0 (which represents the number of the highest bit set to "1" during an IR LED-on sampling) and Tempoff (which represents the number of the highest bit set to "1" during an IR LED-off sampling) is calculated, and if the difference is above a designated level, a hand (or other object) is considered "near." Using the high ambient light sampling series of
In addition to determining when a "far" to "near" change has occurred, a B0−Tempoff difference can be used to determine whether the state of a proximity sensor has changed from "near" to "far." Absent signal noise, malfunction or other abnormal condition, B0 (representing LED "on") is always greater than or equal to Tempoff (representing LED "off"). If B0 is greater than Tempoff, then no change is made to the system, and a new measurement sequence is started. Moreover, the level for changing state can be made to depend on whether the reflective surface being sensed is approaching or moving away from the sensor. In the example, B0− Tempoff must be greater than or equal to 3 counts for the sensor state to change from "far" to "near". However, B0− Tempoff must be less than or equal to 1 count for the sensor state to change from "near" to "far".
Referring to
Proceeding to step 120, microcontroller 51 pauses for approximately 48 msec in order to cause the total sampling time between a series of IR LED off and IR LED measurements to be approximately 50 msec. The duration of this pause can be varied. The total time between initiation of LED-off measurement and completion of LED-on measurement should be brief enough so that operation of the invention is imperceptible by comparison to human response time. At the other extreme, there should be sufficient pause between the LED-off and LED-on measurements to compensate for any latencies in the sensors or other system components. In the described example, one of the sensor pairs is active approximately every 50 msec. However, because the sensor pairs alternate, each individual sensor pair is only active approximately every 100 msec. The timing of the activation of the sensor pairs with respect to each other can be varied, trading faster total response time for additional power use (and thus shorter battery life).
Prior to sampling the PTR, LEDs 21 and 31 are turned off (by setting ports 55 and 56 to high), and PTRs 22 and 32 are "clamped" by grounding ports 52 and 53. Ports 55 and 56 are further configured as output, and ports 52 and 53 are configured as input. At step 125, Temp is again set to 0 prior to loading with sampling data bits. At step 130, the algorithm branches based upon whether the side sensor 20 (position=1) or palm sensor 30 (position=0) is active. If position=0, PTR 32 (part of palm sensor 30) is read by microcontroller 51 with LED 31 off. Using a looping algorithm known to those skilled in the art, the first eight bit positions of Temp are loaded by sampling port 53 for successive increments of looping variable i:
After Temp is loaded, the PTRs are again clamped. At step 140, the stored bit sequence is tested for noise. The formula described above can be used for this purpose:
Referring to
At step 250, the sampling results with the LED on and off are compared by setting Temp equal to the difference between B0 and Tempoff. If position=0 (palm sensor active), the program proceeds from step 252 ("position?") to step 254 ("A") to step 300 (
If, after step 250 (
If the state of palm sensor 30 is changed at step 350 (or the state of side sensor 20 is changed at step 450), the program proceeds from point 500 to decision point 510 (
During each cycle of the embodiment described above, the program samples and compares either the side or the palm sensor in LED-off and LED-on conditions. Although the program of this embodiment completes two cycles before the mouse wakes or goes to sleep, the time is still short by comparison to human response time, and therefore imperceptible to a user.
Although a single example of carrying out the invention has been described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the above described system and technique that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. As but one example, the values chosen for activation and deactivation thresholds, as well as other criteria within the above-described algorithm, can be varied. As another example, comparing PTR readings with the LED off and PTR readings with the LED on need not be based on determining the difference in readings above Vthreshold; the invention also embraces determining the difference in readings below a threshold. Similarly, the invention also embraces comparing readings by subtracting a larger number (e.g., the number of "1" bits representing samples above Vthreshold with an LED on) from a smaller number (the number of "1" bits with the LED off), resulting in a negative number, and using another negative number as the "wake-up" level. Multiple hardware variations are also possible. As but one example, a single LED could be used with two PTRs, and energy from the LED transmitted to the vicinity of the PTRs by fiber optic connections or other wave guides. Instead of a microcontroller or microprocessor as described above, the invention could be implemented on other types of processors or hardware platforms capable of automatically carrying out the sampling and comparison features described. As but one example, the invention could be implemented using a state machine of an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). These and other modifications are within the scope of the invention, which is only to be limited by the attached claims.
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CHARLESTON, WV - From May through November, the West Virginia Division of Highways will have up to 300 road construction zones that will affect traffic every day. One of them is in the four-state region on I-81.
Brent Walker of the WV DOH shares details.
Brent Walker of the WV DOH shares details.
Copyright 2013 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Eric Schmidt, Google's Executive Chairman, has returned from his visit to North Korea, where he warned Kim Jong-un that continuing to restrict internet access could damage the country's economy.
Google's Executive Chairman has returned from his 'private humanitarian mission' to North Korea, after urging them to open up to the internet and mobile phone use.
Speaking in Beijing after his four-day visit to North Korea, Eric Schmidt, alongside the former governor of New Mexico Bill Richardson said: "As the world becomes increasingly connected, their decision to be virtually isolated is very much going to affect their physical world, their economic growth and so forth, and it will make it harder for them to catch up economically."
Schmidt's visit has previously caused controversy, with the US state department criticising Schmidt and Richardson's visit as "unhelpful" as it is attempting to pressure the regime into abandoning ballistic missile and nuclear weapons program.
"Frankly we don't think the timing of this is particularly helpful, but they are private citizens and they are making their own decisions," US State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland told reporters. "They are well aware of our views."
The country is one of the last few in the world that continue to restrict its citizen's access to the internet and mobile phones. The majority of the country's mobile phones are restricted to the country's political, military and commercial elites.
North Korea currently only has access to its own intranet, but it is not interconnected with the rest of the world, with only a small number of people including government officials, senior scientists and university students allowed access.


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No Stress, Low Fuss, Hassle Free Summertime Recipes for the Confident, Independent, Self Sufficient Gal
On The Go.
[Originally published August 22, 2007.]
Lemon Chicken
This simple recipe is the perfect answer to the age-old question "What's for dinner?" Unfortunately, what you really need is an answer to the question "Why does every man eventually leave you?" But let's deal with dinner first! For best results, use fresh-picked-earlier-that-day-by-workers-not-being-exploited lemons from Venezuela. If this is impossible, then skip the lemon part altogether. If feeling guilty about wasting animals again, simply use the entire chicken, and not just the fashionable "breast" portion. Summer lemon neck never tasted so good! Chicken is also best if organic and fresh that day, from Venezuela. If this is impossible, better just to ask your boyfrie—better just to order Chinese and enjoy a quiet night hiding under the comforter. Easy!
Spicy Veggie Stir-Fry
If you're a vegetarian, then this is the dish for you. If you're not a vegetarian, then maybe you should consider becoming one. Could you be scaring away men with the amount of meat you eat? Veggie stir-fry is a fuss-free way to make sure you're getting your 5 to 17 recommended servings of vegetables a day. (Sound overwhelming? Eating lots of vegetables is much easier when working as a team. Try creating a sensible meal plan with your husban—Try liquefying your vegetables and pouring them in the humidifier. Presto!) Don't have a wok? Just eat three big bags of baby carrots and a can of okra. Recent studies have shown that okra is likely to reduce the chances of breast cancer, HPV, and pregnancy.* So eat up!
*Not having a male companion will also reduce the chance of pregnancy.
Veal Cutlet
Sure to please any crowd, or—in the event that you have no crowd to please—you. Breaded veal is a delicious, timeless, mouthwatering entrée. Of course, it is really unhealthy to have breaded anything! In order not to feel horrible about yourself for the remainder of the evening, grill, steam, or simply don't eat the veal. Now, certain eaters can always be relied upon to argue that the concept of veal is cruel and that no baby cow should be subjected to such inhumane treatment (even though we are talking about cows here, folks). These people should calm down and live a little. Cows are hilarious, and veal is delicious! Bon appétit!
Fried Beef Ravioli, Cajun French Fries,
and Four-Cheese Lasagna
Wouldn't that be delicious? Too bad God had to go and invent upper-thigh fat.
Caribbean Pork and Couscous Salad
This spirited summer meal will add that extra spring to your step. First, put the pork cubes and the Caribbean rub inside a plastic bag and shake well. Next, skewer the pork and grill over a medium-hot fire for eight minutes. Do not overcook. Overcooking the pork cubes will cause irreversible damage, destroying the meal beyond repair. Why can't you do anything right? Not overcooking the pork cannot be emphasized enough. If you overcook the pork, you will dry out all of the juices and the cellulite on your stomach will automatically become more pronounced. If you think you are on the verge of overcooking the pork cubes, remove the pork from the fire immediately and take a minute to re-evaluate. Does your life have an actual purpose? Better to err on the side of not-cooked-enough** rather than overcooked.
**In order to avoid any number of life-threatening bacterial diseases that will cause you to die alone, be sure to cook meat thoroughly.
Linguine With Shrimp Scampi
A nice, light, healthful summer treat. If done correctly, this yummy dish can be prepared in minutes! If done incorrectly, this dish can single-handedly ruin your entire evening by creating sickening levels of frustration, inescapable feelings of incompetence/helplessness/loneliness, and burnt scampi. Great with a side of field greens!
Chicken Soup
Often considered a cure for the winter blahs, this meal works for the summer blahs as well. Haven't experienced the summer blahs yet? Oh. Who are you taking to Donovan and Shelly's wedding next month? Who did you dance with at Stuart and Brooke's last weekend? What exactly is the point of moving from your studio apartment into a one-bedroom? There we go. Chicken soup!
Four Large Bottles of Evian Water
Actually, this is probably all you really need tonight.
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CitiFest dissolvedWritten by Justin R. Kalmes | | email@example.com
Downtown Toledo will still feature entertainment and events this summer despite the dissolution of the nonprofit organization that staged such functions for more than two decades, a spokesman for Toledo Mayor Carty Finkbeiner said.
Brian Schwartz, Finkbeiner's executive assistant, said the city is working with "a couple of entities" to take over some of the functions CitiFest oversaw in the past after the organization's board of directors voted Jan. 23 to dissolve. He said the city has conducted preliminary meetings to determine how that would happen.
Schwartz would not name the organizations or groups the city was working with or the events they were planning to stage.
"There will be events in Downtown this summer," he said, noting the city is aware of what needs to be done and the timeline that needs to be maintained for such functions to happen.
The Blade reported Jan. 24 that it is one of the organizations in talks with the city.
CitiFest board president Brian Epstein blamed the dissolution on the more than $250,000 in debt the organization incurred through operating the Erie Street Market and providing entertainment Downtown.
"CitiFest is done and not moving in a direction for planning events," Epstein said.
In a news release issued after the dissolution, the CitiFest board said, "Without reimbursement for expenditures at the Erie Street Market, made on behalf of the City of Toledo, and exhausting all other options, the continuation of CitiFest is not feasible."
CitiFest coordinated annual Downtown Toledo events such as the Fourth of July fireworks display, Holiday Parade, Labor Day Riverfest and Ribs on the River. The group also organized the summer Rally by the River concert series that took place in Promenade Park.
Epstein said there are no plans to reorganize the CitiFest board under a different name or merge it with another established group. He said he could not answer whether annual events CitiFest staged would take place in 2008 or beyond.
"There is too much debt and too many other things need to happen, and no other organization wants to take that on," Epstein said. "CitiFest can't merge in with any other entity."
The CitiFest board will rely on the court system to determine what receivables the organization is owed and what it must pay creditors, Epstein said. More than $200,000 of CitiFest's debt could be recouped through the application of grants and receipts from the City of Toledo and reimbursement for the Erie Street Market's losses, he said.
CitiFest, Epstein said, owed approximately $50,000 to creditors.
"The hope is through this process things will liquidate out and try to get all creditors paid as best as possible," Epstein said.
Columbia Gas of Ohio, the Ribs on the River's title sponsor, has been approached by several Northwest Ohio organizations about continuing the event, said company spokesman Chris Kozak. Kozak, who sat on the CitiFest board, declined to identify the organizations to which he was referring.
Columbia Gas originally committed its sponsorship for three years, but later extended the commitment to five years due to the success of the inaugural event last year.
Schwartz said the city has no plans to cover any of CitiFest's debt.
"That debt was incurred by CitiFest," he said. "They need to deal with those debts."


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"The team at Savvy Pro Web did an outstanding job. They turned our vision into reality and gave us much more insight on how to analyze and improve our results. We highly recommend their services. They really do an amazing job."
Jane Freidinger, Chief Marketing Officer
"I've worked with Savvy Pro Web on several inbound campaigns and can easily recommend them as the most results-driven team I've ever worked with. Their deep understanding of online lead generation has lead me to recommend them many times."
Paul Lanzarotti, Founder
"I can't begin to express our appreciation for your exceptional work, client-focused approach and truly best-in-class follow-up and execution. Your team sets the standard for professionalism and outstanding results."
Tony Enrico, President


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Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent 72] Inventor Murrel C. Maugh 2537 Wood Ave., Eugene, Oregon 97402 [21] Appl.No. 761,102 [22] Filed Sept. 20, 1968 [45] Patented Dec.8,1970
[54] HYDRAULIC LOAD WEIGI-IING SCALE AND MOUNTING THEREFOR 17 Claims, 8 Drawing Figs.
[52] U.S.Cl.., 177/208, 177/141 511 Int.Cl G01g5/04, G01g19/l0 [50] FieldoISearch 177/208, 209,141
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,623,414 4/1927 Jensen 177/208X 2,652,241 9/1953 Williams. 177/208 2,826,404 3/1958 Stigum 177/141 2,867,432 1/1'959 Barkeretal... 177/141 2,960,328 11/1960 Tate.... 177/208UX 2,981,101 4/1961 Buck l77/208X Primary ExaminerRobert S. Ward, Jr. Attorney-Oliver D. Olson ABSTRACT: A hydraulic load weighing scale, comprising upper and lower plates sealed together peripherally and containing hydraulic fluid between them, is mounted between upper and lower relatively movable members of a vehicle by means of a universal connecter. The weighing scale is compensated for temperature variations by the arrangement wherein the maximum thickness of at least one of the scale plates is established by the ratio T WhereinA is the area of the plate subjected to hydraulic pressure and K is a constant ranging between 400 and 600, preferably about 450.
PATENTEDBEB 8197B 3545558 SHEET 2 OF 2 Huh MLIPTGB] C.MO ugh BY INVENTOR Fig 8. @QQM Hgeni HYDRAULIC LOAD WEIGHING SCALE AND MOUNTING THEREFOR BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to hydraulic load weighing scales of the type disclosed in my US. Reissue Letters Pat. No. 24,200 and more particularly to universal means for mounting such scales between spaced relatively movable members of a vehicle, to eliminate stresses on the scales as the vehicle members move relative to each other and to permit use of scale plates of predetermined thickness to minimize the effect of atmospheric temperature changes on load weight measurements.
Prior scales of the type described heretofore have had their plates secured directly to the upper and lower relatively mova ble members of a vehicle by such means as studs secured to and projecting from the scale plates. Relative movement between the vehicle members thus imposes stresses on the plates, through the studs. In some instances the stresses are sufficient to warp the scale plates to an extent which reduces the accuracy of weight measurements. In other instances the stresses are sufficient to break the studs and thus disconnect the vehicle members from each other. To minimize these problems, the scale plates have been made quite thick, thereby resulting in further inaccuracies of load measurements due to variation in atmospheric temperature.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In its basic concept, the present invention provides a universal connecter by which to mount a hydraulic scale of the type described between spaced, relatively movable members of a vehicle, thereby allowing the scale to be constructed of plates of minimum thickness.
Another important object of this invention is the provision of a hydraulic load weighing scale and mounting therefor which are of simplified construction for economical manufacture, which are capable of installation with speed and facility and which have long service life with minimum maintenance and repair.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings of the preferred embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is an end view of a logging trailer having associated therewith a cooperating pair of hydraulic scales and mounting means therefor, embodying the features of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary side elevation, partly in section, of one of the hydraulic load weighing scales and mounting therefor illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a side elevation, the side elevation, partly in section, of a modified form of mounting.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side elevation, partly in section, of a still further modified form of scale mounting.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary vertical section of still another form of scale mounting.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary vertical section of a still further form of scale mounting.
FIG. 7 is a side elevation of another form of scale mounting.
FIG. 8 is aside elevation of a still further modified form of scale mounting.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. I of the drawings, there is shown for purposes of illustration a conventional logging trailer comprising the main structural frame 10 mounting resiliently by springs 12 upon a pair of axles I4 which are supported by wheels 16. A transverse frame 18 is secured upon the main frame and functions as a support for the fixed bunk 20 which is mounted thereon in the manner described in detail hereinafter.
A swinging bunk 22 is mounted rotatably upon the fixed bunk by the cooperating pivot disks 24 and 26. These disks are secured to the fixed bunk and swinging bunk, respectively, and are maintained in proper superimposed alinement by a kingbolt (not shown) which extends through the center of said disks and is secured to the said bunks. Rub pads 28 are secured to the fixed and swinging bunks adjacent their respective ends to form spaced pairs which limit the degree of lateral tipping of the swinging bunk with respect to the fixed bunk.
The trailer assembly just described is connected to a truck or trailer by means of the reach 30. Logs may then be supported between the swinging bunks of the trailer and tractor and secured within the confines of the laterally spaced chocks 32. The foregoing arrangement is of conventional construction well known to those skilled in the art and does not form a part of the present invention.
The fixed bunk is mounted upon the transverse frame in spaced relation to the latter by means of a pair of scale assemblies designed generally by the reference number 34. As best illustrated in FIGS. 2-5, each scale is constructed of a pair of superimposed plates 36 and 38 secured together about their peripheries by such means as welding 40. A threaded inlet opening is provided in the periphery of the plates, communicating with the interior space 42 between the plates. A threaded outlet opening also is provided in the periphery of the plates and is normally closed with a plug 44 (FIG. 5). The outlet opening serves to bleed air from the conduits and spaces between scale plates, during filling with hydraulic fluid.
A hydraulic conduit 46 is connected at its opposite ends to the inlet openings of the pair of scales. A branch conduit 48 connects the conduit to a fluid pressure-responsive gage 50 of the type described in my earlier patent identified hereinbefore. The scale system requires prepressurization with hydraulic fluid, in the same manner as fully described in my earlier patent.
As explained hereinbefore, variations in atmospheric temperature contribute adversely to the accuracy of load weight measurements. I have discovered that this effect is minimized by reducing the thickness of the scale plates to a minimum, while maintaining sufficient thickness for adequate structural strength for a given installation. Thus, the scale plates need to be thicker for applications in which the scale is to weigh heavier loads. However, I have found that the effect of temperature variations is minimized by relating the thickness of the scale platesto the area of the plates which is subjected to hydraulic A T2=E pressure, by the ratio wherein T is the Plate thicknesses determined by the foregoing ratio have.
been found to represent the maximum thickness for that area of plate which provides sufficient structural strength for the application of the scale while providing minimum load measurement variation over a considerable range of variation in atmospheric temperature.
I have also found that, although it is desirable that both scale plates be of equal thickness, one of the plates may be thicker for a given area than dictated by the foregoing ratio.
To illustrate the foregoing, if the area of the plate subjected to hydraulic pressure is about 65 square inches, the maximum thickness of the plate may be about inch; if the area is about I 12 square inches the thickness may be about one-half inch; if the area is about 250 square inches the thickness may be about three-quarters inch. For structural strength sufficient for use of the scales on vehicles, it is considered that the plates should be at least one-quarter inch in thickness. In accordance with the foregoing ratio, the operative area of such a plate should not exceed about 28 square inches.
In order to minimize the stress imposed on the scale plates dueto the relative movement of frame members of a vehicle, the present invention provides universal connecter means for mounting the scale between such relative movable members. The drawings illustrate various structural forms of such a connecter.
Referring first to FIGS. 1 and 2, the connecter includes a bottom plate member 52 adapted to be secured to the bottom, relatively movable member 18 of a vehicle. This may be done by welding, bolting, or other suitable means. In the embodiment illustrated, the plate members provided with a plurality of spaced openings 54 for the reception of securing bolts, the openings including an inner, hexagonal or other noncircular portion 54 adapted to receive the corresponding shaped head of the bolt. The bolts extend downward through registering openings in the vehicle frame member Ill, and receive securing nuts, as will be understood.
Supported freely on the plate member is a disk 56 of rubber or other suitably resilient material. This is retained in position by means of an annular groove 58 in the disk which receives the upstanding annular rib till on the plate member. The disk serves as means to transfer load pressure from the member 13 to the lower plate 38 of the scale pad.
The connecter also includes an upper plate member 62; similarly provided with spaced bolt openings 64, 64- and annular rib 66. The latter is received in an annular groove in the associated resilient disk at: which functions in the manner of disk 56 to transfer load pressure from member Ml to scale plate 36.
Interposed between the resilient disks is a scale pad of the previously described construction. To prevent relative displacement of the scale pad and resilient disks a plurality of tabs 70 may be provided on the scale plates to project outward therefrom for reception in pockets provided in the resilient disks.
The bottom plate member 52 is provided with an upstanding extending circular wall 72 within which the resilient disks and scale pad are freely confined. The upper plate member 62 is provided with a downwardly projecting circular wall 7 which telescopes freely over the wall '72 of the bottom plate member. The latter wall is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced, outwardly projecting lugs 76. The wall of the upper plate member is provided with a plurality of correspondingly spaced offset locking notches 78 adapted to removably receive the locking lugs, by relative rotation of the top and bottom plate members.
The lugs are smaller in dimension than the associated notches, whereby to permit a limited degree of relative movement of the top and bottom plate members. This permits sufficient relative movement of the vehicle frame members, as well as deflection of the resilient disks and scale plates, for proper operation of the scale. Further, this degree of universal movement of interconnected plate members minimizes stresses on the scale plates, therr by permitting the latter to be made in minimum thickness, ar. described hereinbefore.
Still further, the enclosure of the scale pad with the walled plate members and with the resilient disks, serves to insulate the scale pad and thus further minimize the effects of changes in atmospheric temperature.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the inlet conduit 46 and outlet plug 44 extend freely through openings in the wall 72 of the bottom plate member and registering, circumferentially elongated slots in the wall 74 of the top plate member. The slots accommodate relative rotational movement of the top plate member during locking and unlocking.
The form of connecter illustrated in FIG. 3 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 in that the circular walls and locking means of FIG. 2 are replaced by a pair of semicircular collars tit) and 82 provided with vertically spaced flanges 84 These flanges pro ject inward for reception in annular grooves as provided in the peripheries of the plate members. Outwardly projecting tabs 83 on the adjacent ends of the :ollars have registering openings for the removable reception of connecting bolts 91 for securing the pair of collars tog :ther. The flanges are spaced apart sufficiently to provide the required degree of relative universal movement of the plate members, as will be understood. Gpenings in the collars freely receive therethrough the inlet conduit 46 and outlet plug The connecter illustrated in FIG. 4 includes a bottom plate member 92 having an upstanding circular wall 94. The central portion 92' of the bottom plate member is formed as a segment of a sphere which projects upward for supporting the central portion of the lower plate of the scale pad and for transferring load pressure from member 18 to scale plate 3%, The outer portion of the scale plate is supported by an annular resilient ring )5. A resilient disk 98 overlies the upper plate 36 of the scale pad and supports the upper plate member TIMI. This plate member is provided with a plurality of spaced openings 102, 102' for securing bolts, in the manner previously described, and also is provided with an annular rib 104 which is received freely in an annular groove in the resilient disk Q8.
The upper plate member Mill also is provided with a peripheral shoulder I06 which supports an annular resilient ring M3. The ring is interposed between the shoulder and the overlying locking ring M0. The latter is provided with a downwardly projecting circular wall 112 which telescopes freely over the upper portion of the upstanding wall 94 on the bottom plate member. Locking lugs ill l on the latter wall cooperate with offset locking slots 116 in the locking ring wall 112, in the manner in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2. A set screw M3 is provided in the locking ring wall for engagement with the bottom plate wall, to secure the locking ring releasably in locking position.
As in the embodiment previously described, openings are provided in the wall 94 for receiving the inlet conduit 46 and the outlet plug 44.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 a circular wall 120 is welded to the upper scale plate 36. A spherical pressure transfer segment 122 is mounted at the center of the plate 36, as by means of the pivot stud I2 2. The segment freely supports a post I26 depending from the plate I23 which is adapted to be secured to the vehicle frame member 2b, as by the bolts 134). An annular ring 132 is secured to and projects radially from the lower end of the post. The ring supports a resilient annular disk I34 which extends between the post Md and wall 129. A cap member 136 overlies the disk and has an internally threaded wall 133 which engages external threads on the wall 120. The cap member thus serves to confine the disk 134 and, if desired, to preload the latter by tightening the cap member.
The bottom scale plate 37 may be secured directly to the underlying frame member It]. Alternatively, it may be secured by means of a duplicate assembly of the elements described above.
In FIG. 6 the universal connecter is in the form of a ball-insocket assembly. The ball projects upwardly from a pressure transfer post M2 which is secured to a central portion of the upper plate 36 of a scale pad. The ball is received in the hollow portion of the socket member 144. A keeper ring 146 is secured to the socket member, below the ball, as by means of the securing bolts 148, to prevent separation of the ball and socket members, while accommodating a sufficient degree of relative universal movement therebetween. The bolts serve additionally to secure the socket member 144 to the upper vehicle frame member 20.
It will be understood that another ball-and-socket assembly may be interposed between a bottom plate 33 of the scale pad and the underlying frame member 18 of the vehicle, if desired.
In FIG. 7 the universal connecter comprises a shaft 150 journaled at its opposite ends in bearings 152 the bases 154 of which are secured to the bottom frame member 18 of a vehicle. A cross-shaft I56 secured to the shaft 154) and projecting perpendicular thereto, is mounted rotatably in a bearing 158 the base 160 of which is secured, as by welding, to a central portion of a bottom plate 38 of a scale pad. If desired, a second universal connecter of this type may be interposed between the top plate 36 of the scale pad and the overlying top frame member 25) of the vehicle.
The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8 is similar to that of FIG. 7 with the exception that the shafts 350 and I56 are separate from each other and each is positioned to interconmeet a different one of the scale plates and adjacent vehicle frame members. Thus, shaft 162 is secured to pressure transfer plate 164 which, in turn, is secured to the central portion of the upper scale plate 36. The projecting ends of shaft 162 receive bearings 166 which are secured to mounting plate 168. This plate is adapted to be secured to the frame member 29, as by the bolts illustrated.
in order to afford a limited degree of lateral movement of the frame member relative to the scale plate 36, rubber bushings 170 may be interposed between the end bearings i166 and the shoulders formed between the central, larger diameter portion of the shaft 162 and the smaller diameter end portions thereof.
The other shaft 372 is similar to shaft 162 and is secured to plate 174 secured to the central portion of the lower scale plate 38. The projecting ends of the shaft 172 receive bearings 176 secured to the mounting plate 178 adapted to be secured to the lower frame member 18, as by the bolts illustrated. Rubber bushings, similar to bushings 170 may be provided if desired.
From the foregoing it will be appreciated that by the present invention l have overcome two difficulties attending the use of the hydraulic scale disclosed in my earlier patent identified herebefore. By providing a universal connecter by which to mount the scale between relatively movable frame member of a vehicle, stresses on the scale plates are minimized and accuracy of load weight measurements is correspondingly improved. The universal connecter further allows the scale plates to be provided in minimum thickness, whereby to minimize the effects of variations in atmospheric temperature and thus correspondingly to improve the accuracy of load weight measurements. Certain of the universal connecters described herein also provide thermal thermal insulation for the scale, to still further improve the accuracy of load weight measurements.
Although the scale and mounting therefor have been described herein in connection with relatively movable frame members of a vehicle, it will be understood that the scale may be employed in other environments, such as a fixed platformtype scale, wherein the problem of stresses due to relative movement of frame members, are inconsequential, but wherein variations in atmospheric temperature are to be minimized. in such installations the scale described hereinbefore may be utilized without the universal connecters, it being required only that at least one of the scale plates have a maximum thickness in accordance with the ratio explained hereinbefore.
lt will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the size, shape, type and number and arrangement of parts described hereinbefore may be made without departing from the spirit of this invention and the scope of the appended claims.
ll. in a hydraulic load weighing scale having upper and lower plates sealed together peripherally and containing hydraulic fluid between them, and means for mounting said scale between spaced upper and lower relatively movable members, said means comprising universal coupling means interconnecting the scale and at least one of the movable members, the improvement comprising a temperature compensation arrangement wherei' the magrn rrnfliickness of at least one of A lie the scale plates is determined by the ratio a. a pair of connecting members joined together for relative universal movement;
b. means for securing one of said connecting members to one of the movable members; and
c. pressure transfer means operatively engaging one of said connecting members with the scale.
The combination of claim iwhere:
a. said one connecting member comprises one element of a ball-and-socltet assembly;
b. said other connecting member comprises the other ele ment of the ball-and-socket assembly; and
c. said pressure transfer means comprises a post on one element of the ball-in-socket assembly secured to the scale plate facing the adjacent movable member.
6. The combination of claim 4 wherein:
a. said one connecting member comprises a shaft journaled for rotation in bearing means adapted to be secured to one of the movable members;
b. said other connecting members includes a shaft secured perpendicular to the first named shaft for rotation therewith, and journaled in bearing means secured to the adjacent scale plate; and
c. said pressure transfer means comprises the end face of the bearing means which journals the second mentioned shaft.
7. The combination of claim l wherein the universal coupling means includes:
a. a pair of connecting members joined together for relative universal movement and supporting the scale between them;
b. means for securing one of said connecting members to the upper relatively movable member;
0. means for securing the other of said connecting members to the lower relatively movable member; and
d. at least one of the connection members including pressure transfer means engaging the scale plate facing the adjacent movable member.
8. The combination of claim 7 wherein:
a. said connecting members comprise plate members; and
b. lock means releasably interconnects the peripheries of the plate members for limited relative universal movement of the latter.
9. The combination of claim 7 including resilient bushing means interposed between at least one of the shafts and associated bearing means for affording limited relative movement therebetween in the axial direction of the shaft.
10. The combination of claim ll wherein the universal coupling means includes:
a. a pair of connecting members joined together for relative universal movement and supporting the scale between them;
b. means for securing one of said connecting members to the upper relatively movable member;
c. means for securing the other of said connecting members to the lower relatively movable member; and
d. at least one of the connection members including pressure transfer means engaging the scale plate facing the adjacent movable member.
ill. The combination of claim 10 wherein:
a. said connecting members comprise plate members; and
b. lock means releasably interconnects the peripheries of the plate members for limited relative universal movement of the latter.
32. The combination of claim 11 wherein the lock means comprises interlocking lug and slot means on the pair of plate members.
13. The combination of claim 11 wherein the lock means comprises a collar having spaced flanges confining said plate members freely therebetween.
E4. The combination of claim 1 wherein said pressure transfer means comprises a resilient member interposed between the plate member and adjacent scale plate.
15. The combination of claim M wherein the resilient member comprises a rubber pad interposed between the scale plate and adjacent connecting member.
by the ratio T nwherein T is the thickness of the plate, A is the area of the plate subjected to hydraulic pressure, and K is a constant ranging from about 400 to about 600.
17. The hydraulic load weighing scale of claim 16 wherein K is approximately 450 and said ratio determines the maximum thickness of both of the scale plates.
Referenced by
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