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Sports for West Texans, 8/4
SAN ANGELO, Texas - archery
What: Concho Valley Archery Association Club shoots
When: 8 a.m. on the first Saturday of the month, February-September
Where: Next to Middle Concho Park
More info: Mark Barta at 325-227-3064 or www.conchovalleyarchery.com
What: Hammerheads Select Baseball Club tryouts
Ages: 10-13
Cost: Free
More info: Paul at 325-234-9814 to schedule a tryout
What: Registration for Stadium Lanes youth bowling league
When: Aug. 17, Aug. 24, Aug. 31, 10 a.m.- noon
Where: Stadium Lanes bowling center
Ages: 3-18
More info: League starts Sept. 7. Contact Suzanne Torres 325-374-6964, Gary Carr 325-650-3392 or Frank Coleman 325-277-1982
What: Concho Valley Cheer Cats
Ages: 4-14, any experience level (no tryouts)
More info: Tawnya at 262-3305
What: SuperSquad of San Angelo
Ages: pre-K through sixth grade
Where: 10 locations
More info: Carolyn Crill at 325-655-1045
What: San Angelo high school mountain bike team
When: Practice started in December. First race of the Texas High School Mountain Bike Series was March 3.
Ages: Grades 9-12
Where: Auxiliary Gym, Junell Center
More info: Christina McBride at 757-358-8106 or email at email@example.com, TexasMTB.org, or Dionnie Hoelsken at 325-340-8827
What: Learn to perform dives safely
When: Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays
Where: Central H.S. pool
Who: Participants must know how to swim; all ages are welcome
Instructors: World-champion divers Kevin and Debbie Wilson
More info: Kevin Wilson at 325-234-1893 or Debbie Wilson at 325-234-0347
What: Youth Fitness Classes for Weight Training
When: 8 a.m. or 2 p.m. Saturdays. The course lasts six weeks, with one-hour classes.
Where: San Angelo YMCA, 353 South Randolph St.
Ages: 11-13
Cost: $40 per child
More info: Amber at 655-9106
What: Willpower and Grace
When: 7:15-8:15 p.m. Mondays and 9:30-10:30 a.m. Wednesdays
Where: San Angelo Broadway Academy Dance Studio, 10 N. Taylor
Cost: 10 classes for $65 or $8 drop-in
More info: Meredith Herbert at 325-234-2661
What: Piloxing
When: 9:30-10:30 a.m. Mondays and Fridays and 5:30-6:30 p.m. Tuesdays
Where: San Angelo Broadway Academy Dance Studio, 10 N. Taylor
More info: Meredith Herbert at 325-234-2661 or firstname.lastname@example.com
What: West Texas Sports and Wellness Institute training programs
Where: Bentwood Country Club
More info: wtswi-shape.net or Ashley Gay at 325-212-1639 or email@example.com
Flag FOOTBALL
What: City recreation coaches needed
More info: 325-657-4450
What: San Angelo Recreation Division Youth Flag Football registration
When: July 1-Aug. 23. League begins Sept. 14. Games are on Saturdays.
Cost: Boys and Girls ages 4-16. $60 per child or $450 per team.
More info: Robert Aldrete at 325-657-4450 or email him at firstname.lastname@example.com
What: Camp UREC at Angelo State University
When: Session VIII, Monday-Friday; Session IX, Aug. 12-16
Times: Monday-Friday, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.; pre-camp, 7:30-9 a.m.; post-camp, 3-5:30 p.m.
Where: ASU's Center for Human Performance
Cost: $100 per session
More info: Jeromey Whitaker at 325-942-2034, email@example.com, or angelo.edu/urec.
What: Saturday Night Lights Fun Run
When: Aug. 24. Registration begins at 6 p.m., event starts at 7 p.m.
Where: Texas Bank Sports Complex, 706 S. Bell St.
Distances: 1-mile fun run and walk; 2-mile run
Cost: $7 (if received before Aug. 20); $10 on race day.
More info: Email Keith Meek at email@example.com for an entry form
What: Women's self-defense class
When: Tuesdays, 7:30- 8:30 p.m.
Where: Team Chip Tae Kwon Do, 3301 Southwest Blvd.
Cost: Free
Ages: 12 and older
More info: 325-944-1405
What: Concho Valley Tennis Association Summer Camps
When: Aug. 5 to Aug. 15; 8:30-11 a.m., Monday-Thursday
Where: Community Tennis Center,
1187 Knickerbocker Road
Cost: $50 for July and August
More info: Visit www.conchovalleytennis.net or contact Sarah Chowdbury at firstname.lastname@example.com.
What: Central Tennis Booster Tournament
When: Aug. 17. 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Where: San Angelo
Cost, deadline: $10 per entry for doubles; $5 per entry for Ping-Pong tournament, singles only, by Thursday.
Of note: Field is limited to 64 players. Mulligans will be available for purchase on site. Awards ceremony set for 3 p.m..
More info: Coach Matt Rutherford at 325-277-0930 or email@example.com
What: Concho Valley Pole Vault Club
When: 5:30 p.m. Sundays
Who: All ages
Where: 1021 Montague
More info: Willie Ruiz at 325-650-3354
What: Recreation Summer Track Club
When: Four times per week
Ages: 6-18
Cost: $85 per person
More info: 325-657-4450
What: ASU Belle Volleyball Varsity Position Camps
When: Tuesday-Wednesday
Where: ASU's Junell Center
Who: Grades 9-12 (Experienced Players)
Cost: $150
More info: Visit www.bellevolleyballcamps.com or contact Chuck Waddington at 325-486-6068
Subscribe to the San Angelo Standard-Times
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-304-7763.
Monday-Friday: 6am-8pm / Saturday: 6am-12pm / Sunday: 6am-1pm


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A musical experience for parents/caregivers and children from newborns to 4 years old**
Butch Marshall, Instructor
** Extended to students age 4 for the summer session only!
Moms know that even babies in the womb respond to music, and caregivers of very young children can see responses to music from baby's very first days. Most music programs, however, wait until a child is three or four years old before engaging them in music as an activity. BW is excited to offer MusicPlay - a music and movement experience for young children and their caregivers. In small groups, children learn to recognize musical phrases and develop body coordination through a diverse collection of songs, chants, and movement activities. Children (and caregivers) will be physically and musically engaged in creative and fun experiences to begin a life-long musical journey.
Students will be placed in classes by the instructor prior to the first class. Placement is according to age, movement ability, and previous MusicPlay experience. Generally the youngest children are in the 9:00 class, with the older children in the 10:00 and 11:00 class. Parents/caregivers will be notified of placement at least one week before classes start.
Children with special needs may benefit from this unique class. Please e-mail Dr. Marshall with questions if you are interested in registering your child for this class at email@example.com.
Summer 2015 Schedule
Tuesdays & Thursdays
beginning June 30th and ending July 30th
Classes: 6/30, 7/2, 7/7, 7/9, 7/14, 7/16, 7/21, 7/23, 7/28, 7/30
Class Times:
9:00 - 9:45 am
10:00 - 10:45 am
11:00 - 11:45 am
Class Fee: $72.00 for 10 class sessions plus a $15 registration fee (This price is discounted as you are receiving two classes free.)
Location: The Boesel Musical Arts Center located at 49 Seminary Street, Berea, OH in the Early Childhood room, BMAC 064 on the lower level.
Fall 2015 Schedule
Tuesdays beginning September 15th and ending November 17th
Classes: 9/15; 9/22; 9/29; 10/6; 10/13; 10/20; 10/27; 11/3; 11/10; 11/17
Class Times:
9:00 - 9:45 am
10:00 - 10:45 am
11:00 - 11:45 am
Class Fee: $90.00 for 10 class sessions plus a $15 registration fee
Location: The Boesel Musical Arts Center located at 49 Seminary Street, Berea, OH in the Early Childhood room, BMAC 064 on the lower level.
Online Class Registration:
Click here to register and pay for your class. The link will take you to a login page for BW's Conservatory Outreach registration & Arts Events ticketing system.
- If you have ordered tickets online for BW ticketed arts events in the past, please use the same login.
- If this is your first time using the software, please create a new account using the name of the parent or adult student registering.
- You will be able to add members of your family to your account in order to register them for classes and ensembles.
- Note that the payment amount will reflect the cost of the class, the $15 registration fee and materials fee (if applicable).
This system improves our registration process allowing you to register and pay for your class in one step! If you have any questions or trouble registering, please contact the Conservatory Outreach department at 440-826-2365 or firstname.lastname@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Flag display to honor 9/11 victims, vets
HUNTINGTON — A two-acre field at Spring Hill Cemetery will be covered with thousands of American flags beginning Friday, Sept. 7.
For the second consecutive year, the Greater Huntington Park and Recreation District is hosting the Healing Fields, a memorial to those who lost their lives during the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, and a tribute to veterans. The five-day event also will serve as a fundraiser to build a bell tower at the cemetery.
Last year's inaugural Healing Fields was so overpowering that it was an easy decision to bring it back this year, Park District Director Kevin Brady said.
"I never really understood the magnitude of what it was before we had it here last year," Brady said. "But when you walk through a field of more than 3,000 large American flags that have been placed in rows, it really is a powerful experience. I literally saw people get out of their cars, fall to their knees and sob last year."
The Park District sold approximately 3,200 American flags last year. Each 3-by-5-foot flag is attached to an 8-foot-tall pole and includes a certificate. Flags that are purchased — they cost $35 each — are used in the Healing Field, but their owners can pick them up afterward.
Fifteen dollars from each flag sold will go back to the park district, which helps coordinate the event and covers the up-front cost of the flags. Another $15 will go toward the construction of a bell tower. The remaining $5 will go to either postage and shipping costs or to civic groups that want to sell flags on the park district's behalf.
Those who purchased a flag last year can also place their flag in the Healing Field this year for a cost of $15, Brady said.
Last year's Healing Field raised $68,000 for the bell tower, which will be constructed next to the grave marker of Dr. Paul Ambrose at the cemetery. He died in the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks when the plane he was aboard hit the Pentagon. Ambrose had been working at the national level to fight the obesity epidemic.
The 31-foot-tall bell tower will cost about $105,000 to build, Brady said. That includes a 500-pound solid bronze bell that will have four pictures etched on it. The pictures will be of the Marshall Memorial at Spring Hill Cemetery, the Healing Field, the Veterans Memorial Arch and the Pentagon insignia.
Ken and Sharon Ambrose, Paul Ambrose's parents, will dedicate the bell and ring it for the first time during the second half of the Marshall football game Saturday at Joan C. Edwards Stadium, Brady said.
The Healing Field will be open to the public from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. Friday, Sept. 7, through Tuesday, Sept. 11. Flags are now available for purchase and will remain on sale through the end of the Healing Field on Tuesday, Brady said.
For more information about purchasing flags, becoming an event sponsor or volunteering at the cemetery, call Tracey Knight at 304-696-5954 or go to www.healingfield.org/huntington12.
The Herald-Dispatch welcomes your comments on this article, but please be civil. Avoid profanity, obscenity, personal attacks, accusations of criminal activity, name-calling or insults to the other posters. Herald-dispatch.com does not control or monitor comments as they are posted, but if you find a comment offensive or uncivil, hover your mouse over the comment and click the X that appears in the upper right of the comment. If you do not want your comment to post to your personal Facebook page, uncheck the box below the comment.


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Blizzard has announced that Diablo 3 is on the way!
And from the looks of it, this is going to be one of the most visually rich dungeon runs you've ever been on!
One of my buddies mentioned this to me last night on World of Warcraft, but I had not gotten an opportunity to check out the official site until this morning. If you're a fan of the Diablo series, I'd definitely recommend giving the website a look – Blizzard has released a large collection of screenshots (which I've got hosted here as well, in a gallery at the end of the post), as well as some wallpapers, concept art, lore, and a lot more. It's a great way to kick off what looks to be another triple-A title.


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An open letter to Mother
Dear Mom,
Mother's Day is here again and my thoughts turn to you. I would like to rent a sign that says, "MOM I LOVE YOU" and put it someplace for all the world to see. Since I know you're watching from heaven, let me say some things here I've long wanted to say, and any who read this can listen in.
Mom, thanks for loving me. More than anything else that's what stands out in my mind about you. You loved me. Always. Sometimes I didn't make it easy to do, like in those years of rebellion when I often made your and dad's lives miserable. But you loved me in spite of myself. That's a terrific gift.
You always made me feel wanted and special, even though you had three other kids. Each of them would undoubtedly feel the same way. You instilled in each of us a sense of self-worth the hardships we face can never diminish.
Thanks, mom, for always being there when I needed you. You held me when I was sick, waited up for me when I was late, cooked enough for my voracious appetite (and, boy, could you cook), made me go to Sunday school and church even when I didn't want to. You disciplined me when I was out of line. Thanks for all the little things you ever did which I didn't even notice then. They mean a lot to me now.
Thanks for teaching me. You taught me how to work and the value of a dollar. You taught me right from wrong and other important values. And forgiveness. You forgave me when I wronged you and, from your model, I've learned to forgive others. That's important in this hurting world. You were a great teacher in the school of life.
Mom, thanks for holding onto me when I needed security and turning loose when I needed freedom. I've tried to do the same with my children.
So much of what I am I owe to you. Sometimes we went a long time without being together. Sometimes thousands of miles separated us. But your shadow of influence was always with me. I think I understand better now the old saying, "God couldn't be everywhere so God made mothers." It may be poor theology, but its good sense.
Finally when your death separated us for a while I thank God for your faith. Because of that, even death can't keep us apart forever.
Mother's Day, mom. I wish I could be with you today. I love you.
Your son, Roy
P.S. Lots of you may like to say something like this to your mothers. So maybe lots of moms will read this and substitute your name for mine. I hope so. God bless all mothers on their special day.
Dr. Roy E. De Brand is emeritus professor of homiletics of Campbell University Divinity School. He recently completed a 22-month interim pastorate at First Baptist Church of Henderson, following which he and his wife Carolyn decided to move here.


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A composite material, comprising a carrier strip the carrier strip comprising a first side the first side comprising a substantially uniform roughness, an electrolytically deposited copper foil layer having opposing first and second sides and a thickness of from 0.1 micron to 15 microns and the entire metal foil layer thickness having been deposited from a copper containing alkaline electrolyte, and a release layer effective to facilitate separation of the metal foil layer from the carrier strip disposed between and contacting both the first side of the carrier strip and the second side of the metal foil layer.
1. A composite material, comprising:
a carrier strip said carrier strip comprising a first side said first side possessing a substantially uniform roughness wherein said substantially uniform roughness results from flashing said first side of said carrier strip with copper or nickel;
an electrolytically deposited copper foil layer having opposing first and second sides and a thickness of from 0.1 micron to 15 microns;
a dark layer effective to absorb light energy said dark layer having opposing first and second sides said first side of said dark layer in contact with said second side of said copper foil layer; wherein said dark layer has a thickness between 0.2 and 0.5 microns, said dark layer comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, tin, manganese, iron, and copper-nickel alloys; and
a release layer effective to facilitate separation of said carrier strip from said dark layer disposed between and contacting both said first side of said carrier strip and said second side of said dark layer and effective to transmit the surface characteristics of said first side of said carrier strip to said second side of said dark layer.
This Application is a Continuation-in-part application of U.S. Ser. No. 09/784,547 filed Feb. 15, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,569,543.
This patent application relates to U.S. Ser. No. 09/522,544 filed Mar. 10, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,346,335. The disclosures of U.S. Ser. No. 09/784,547 and U.S. Ser. No. 09/522,544 are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a composite material having an intervening release layer. More particularly, a copper foil layer is releasably bonded to a carrier layer for transport and assembly. The release layer disposed between the carrier layer and the copper foil layer facilitates separation. The copper foil layer may be laminated to a dielectric substrate in the manufacture of printed circuit boards. A low height profile bond enhancing layer is formed on a surface of the copper foil layer opposite the release layer.
2. Description of Related Art
As electronic devices evolve, there is a need for thinner and smaller printed circuits. This decrease in size leads to a requirement for finer line spacing to increase circuit trace density.
Most printed circuit boards have a dielectric substrate, such as an epoxy or polyimide, laminated to a layer of copper foil. The copper foil is etched into a desired circuit pattern. As the need for finer line resolution increases, thinner copper foil is required. This is because when copper foil is etched, etching occurs in both a vertical direction and in a horizontal direction at about the same rate. While the vertical etching is required to create spaces between adjacent circuit traces for electrical isolation, horizontal etching at the sides of a trace damages the integrity of the circuit traces. Horizontal etching limits the minimum line-to-line spacing to approximately twice the thickness of the copper foil. Another problem with thicker copper foil is that a longer time is required to etch the foil increasing the manufacturing cost and increasing the environmental concern due to the disposal or reclamation of dissolved copper. Yet another problem arises from the presence of Ni/Au overhang. Ni/Au overhang occurs when a Ni/Au coating is applied as an etch resist and remains on the finished product to preserve solderability. When a thick copper foil coated with with Ni/Au is etched, the etch undercut can be severe resulting in breakage of the Ni/Au overhang and possibly causing a short circuit in the finished product.
One copper foil presently utilized in the manufacture of printed circuit boards is referred to as one-half ounce foil. One square foot of this foil weighs approximately 0.5 ounce and has a nominal thickness of about 18 microns. Thinner copper foil, such as 9 micron thick foil, is available in the marketplace, however special care is required in handling 9 micron foil to prevent wrinkling and damage.
Facilitating the handling of 9 micron, and thinner, foils is the use of a carrier strip. The carrier strip is releasably bonded to the foil for manufacturing and lamination. Once the foil is laminated and supported by a dielectric, the carrier strip is removed. One common carrier strip is aluminum that may be removed by chemical etching, such as by immersion in sodium hydroxide, without damage to the copper foil. Etching is time-consuming and disposal may create environmental problems.
Alternatively, a carrier layer, typically formed from copper, is coated with a release layer. The copper foil layer is formed on the release layer, typically by electrolytic deposition. Adhesion between the release layer and the copper foil layer is high enough so that the copper foil layer does not separate from the carrier layer prematurely, but is also sufficiently low that separation of the carrier layer following lamination does not tear or otherwise damage the copper foil layer.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,998,601 to Yates et al. discloses a release layer formed from sulphides, chromates and oxides. An alternative release layer is disclosed to be chromium metal. U.S. Pat. No. 4,503,112 to Konicek discloses that chromium metal release layers have unpredictable adhesion and that preferred release layers include nickel, nickel/tin alloys, nickel/iron alloys, lead and tin/lead alloys. U.S. Pat. No. 5,114,543 to Kajiwara et al. discloses a composite release layer having an immersion deposited chromate layer that is coated with an electrolytically deposited copper/nickel alloy. The U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,998,601; 4,503,112 and 5,114,543 patents are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,066,366 to Lin discloses forming a release layer on a copper alloy foil carrier by treating the carrier with an aqueous solution containing chromic acid and phosphoric acid. While a generally acceptable process, areas of unacceptable high adhesion may occur when a chrome phosphate release layer is formed directly on a copper alloy carrier. U.S. Pat. No. 5,066,366 is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.
There remains a need for an improved release layer that consistently provides adequate adhesion between a carrier layer and a copper foil layer to insure that the copper foil layer remains attached to the carrier layer during transport and processing, such as lamination to a dielectric substrate. However, the adhesion to the release layer is sufficiently low that the carrier layer may be removed following lamination without damaging the copper foil layer.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a thin metallic foil that is releasably attached to a carrier layer. A second object of the invention is to provide a method for the manufacture of the metallic foil/carrier layer composite. A further object of the invention is to provide a thin copper foil useful for lamination to a dielectric substrate for the manufacture of printed circuit boards and flexible circuits.
It is a feature of the invention that the metal foil is releasably attached to a carrier layer and a force of at least 0.02 pound per inch is required to separate the layers thereby insuring that the metal foil layer is not prematurely released. It is a further feature of the invention that a maximum force of 2 pounds per inch, and typically less than 1 pound per inch, is required to separate the metal foil layer from the carrier layer thereby facilitating removal of the carrier layer without damage to the copper foil layer.
A further feature of the invention is that the chemical solutions utilized for deposition of the release layer are dilute aqueous solutions that are believed to present less of an environmental hazard than more concentrated electrolytes previously utilized to deposit release layers such as metallic chromium.
Among the advantages of the invention are that the metal layer may be a thin copper foil with a thickness of 15 microns or less. Such a thin foil facilitates the manufacture of printed circuit boards and flexible circuits with fine features. A further advantage is that the carrier layer is mechanically separable from the metal foil layer and does not require etching for removal.
A further advantage is that the foils of the invention have less surface roughness than conventionally formed foils. As a result, undercutting during etching is reduced. Furthermore, the low-profile treated surface is more suitable for high impedance/high frequency applications. The smoothness of the surface of the copper foil opposite the release layer allows for improved imaging and fine line capability in the manufacturing of circuits.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a composite material. The composite material has a support layer and a metal foil layer. A release layer is disposed between and contacts both the support layer and the metal foil layer. This release layer consists essentially of an admixture of a metal and a non-metal.
In one embodiment of the invention, the composite material is then laminated directly to a dielectric substrate.
There is further provided a method for the manufacture of a composite material that includes the steps of (1) providing an electrically conductive support layer; (2) anodically treating the electrically conductive support layer in a first aqueous electrolyte that contains first metal ions and hydroxide ions; (3) subsequently cathodically depositing a release layer onto the electrically conductive support layer in a second aqueous electrolyte that contains second metal ions and hydroxide ions; and (4) electrolytically depositing a metal foil on the release layer.
One embodiment of this method of manufacture includes the additional steps of laminating the metal foil layer to a dielectric substrate and then separating the electrically conductive support layer from the laminate at the release layer. The metal foil layer, now bonded to the dielectric layer, may then be formed into a plurality of electrically isolated circuit traces.
The above stated objects, features and advantages will become more apparent from the specification and drawings that follow.
When the support layer is stainless steel, a release layer, as described below, may be optional.
Preferred for the support layer are copper alloys such as those alloys designated by the CDA (Copper Development Association, New York, N.Y.) as copper alloy C110 (nominal composition by weight 99.95% copper (minimum) and 0.04% oxygen), copper alloy C715 (nominal composition by weight of 30% nickel and 70% copper), copper alloy C510 (nominal composition by weight of 94.5% copper, 5% tin and 0.2% phosphorous) and copper alloy C102 (oxygen-free high copper having a minimum copper content of, by weight, 99.9%) as well as brasses, mixtures of copper and zinc containing up to 40%, by weight, of zinc.
Most preferably, the support layer 12 is a wrought material as opposed to electrolytically formed. The wrought materials tend to have a higher strength and a higher stiffness facilitating handling of the materials and enhancing peelability of a deposited foil. The support layer may be coated with a copper or nickel flash to cover up defects, such as incurred during rolling, that may interfere with the deposition or removal of the foil layer.
The support layer 12 may be a single material or composite material with the second layer applied by any known process including rolling, plating and sputtering. Combinations of copper and nickel or copper and aluminum are believed useful as composite support layers. In one embodiment, the support layer 12 is comprised of a copper-nickel-silicon base alloy.
Preferably, the thickness of the support layer 12 is from 18 microns to 140 microns and more preferably from 35 microns to 70 microns.
The metal foil layer 14 is any electrolytically deposited metal or metal alloy and is preferably copper. The metal foil layer typically has a thickness of under 15 microns and more preferably is under 10 microns. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, most preferably, the metal foil layer is electrolytically deposited from an alkaline copper containing electrolyte followed by electrolytic deposition from an acidic copper containing electrolyte and has a thickness of from about 1 to about 6 microns and nominally about 5 microns. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the metal foil layer is electrolytically deposited only from an alkaline copper containing electrolyte and has a thickness of from about 0.1 micron to 6 microns and nominally about 5 microns. As described below, the metal foil layer 14 may be deposited from a single electrolyte or from combinations of multiple electrolytes.
Disposed between and contacting both the support layer 12 and the metal foil layer 14 is a release layer 16. The release layer 16 consists essentially of an admixture of a metal and a non-metal, with the bulk believed to be the non-metal. It is believed that the metal component of the release layer constitutes from 5% to 40%, by atomic percent.
Suitable metals are those that are reversibly, electrochemically, oxidizable in a suitable electrolyte, as opposed to dissolving. The list of suitable metals includes nickel, chromium, titanium, copper, manganese, iron, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum and tantalum.
Preferred metals are nickel, chromium and mixtures thereof. Preferred non-metals are oxides, hydroxides, phosphates and chromates of the metals. Preferred combinations are mixtures of chromium and chromium oxide, nickel and nickel oxide, chromium and chromium phosphate, nickel and nickel chromate, and nickel and nickel phosphate. The release layer is quite thin, on the order of 0.012 micron (120 angstroms) thick and typically from about 0.001 micron to about 0.05 micron thick.
A most preferred release layer consists essentially of chromium and at least one non-metal selected from the group consisting of oxides of chromium and hydroxides of chromium. It has been established that the force required to separate the metal foil from the carrier strip with this most preferred release layer is consistently less than 7.1 kg/m (0.4 pounds per inch) even after exposure to temperatures of up to 380� C. for one hour. Since the metal foil is typically laminated, using heat and pressure, to a dielectric substrate prior to separation from the support layer, the release force as a function of temperature is an important consideration.
Alternatively, the release layer 16 is a composite as illustrated in cross sectional representation in
A second portion 32 of the release layer 16 is an admixture of a metal and a non-metal as described above. The second portion 32 directly contacts the metal foil layer 14.
With reference back to
Bond strength enhancing processes that give a very low surface profile, as achieved with the pulsed DC current of U.S. Pat. No. 4,515,671, are preferred. Preferably, the average surface roughness (Ra) is 0.40 micron or less. The average surface roughness is defined as the arithmetic average value of all absolute distances of the roughness profile from the center line within the measuring length. The roughness profile is determined utilizing a profilometer with a diamond stylus (contact method).
Typical low profile surface enhancements have a nodule height of greater than 3 microns and a nominal Ra value in excess of 0.4 micron. The very low profile surface enhancement of the invention has surface enhancements with a nodule height of between 0.5 micron and 2.7 microns. Preferably, the maximum nodule height is between 1.8 microns and 2.5 microns. The Ra value is less than 0.4 micron and preferably Ra is between 0.20 and 0.35 micron.
The desirability of a lower surface profile is contrary to the typical surface profile applied to relatively thick, on the order of 12 micron, foil. Typically, higher surface profiles are utilized to maximize peel strength once the copper foil is laminated to a dielectric circuit board.
As shown in
Further, the smoother etch-exposed dielectric surface mirroring the very low profile bond surface enhancement (
For the manufacture of a printed circuit board, the composite material 10 is bonded to a dielectric substrate 22 forming circuit precursor 36 as illustrated in FIG. 2. Metal foil layer 14 may be laminated through the addition of heat and pressure to a rigid dielectric for the manufacture of a printed circuit board. Typical lamination parameters are a temperature of about 180� C. for 50 minutes. Optionally, a polymer adhesive may assist in formation of the bond. Typical rigid materials for the dielectric substrate include fiberglass reinforced epoxies, such as FR4. The dielectric substrate may also be an electrically conductive material coated with a dielectric material such as a metal cored printed circuit board substrate or anodized aluminum.
Alternatively, as illustrated in
After the composite material 10 is bonded to the dielectric substrate 22, the carrier layer 12 and release layer 16 are removed by mechanical means. Typically, removal is by applying a force to the carrier layer/release layer in one direction and an opposing force to the dielectric substrate/metal foil layer in a 90� direction. The forces may be either manually or mechanically applied. The force required for separation, referred to as release force, is at least 0.02 pound per inch and preferably at least 0.05 pound per inch. This minimum release force is required to prevent the metal foil layer 14 from separating from the support layer 12 prematurely, such as during transport or during bonding to the dielectric substrate. The release force should also be less than 2 pounds per inch and preferably less than 1 pound per inch to ensure that during removal the metal foil layer remains adhered to the dielectric substrate 22 and does not tear or partially remain with composite material 10. Preferably, the release force is between 0.02 pound per inch and 2.0 pounds per inch and more preferably between about 0.05 pound per inch and 1.0 pound per inch.
With reference to
The following methods are useful for producing the composite material described above. It is recognized that variants of each method may be utilized and that different aspects of the various methods may be mixed together to produce a desired result. All methods generally require appropriate degreasing or cleaning as a first step and rinsing, such as with deionized water, between appropriate steps.
In accordance with a first embodiment, a carrier strip formed from copper or a copper alloy has a thickness effective to support a metal foil layer. An exemplary nominal thickness for the carrier strip is approximately 35-70 microns. The carrier strip is immersed in a dilute aqueous, alkaline sodium dichromate solution having the parameters specified in Table 1. All solutions disclosed herein are aqueous, unless otherwise specified. When a single value is given, that value is nominal.
The carrier strip is immersed into an electrolytic cell containing the electrolyte and a voltage is impressed across the cell with the carrier strip as the anode. The anodic treatment generates a uniform microroughness on the surface of the carrier strip and induces a subsequent uniform metal foil layer copper deposit. On completion of the anodic treatment, the carrier strip is maintained in the same electrolyte and the polarity of the electrolytic cell is reversed. The carrier strip is made the cathode to deposit a thin, on the order of 10-500 angstrom, layer that is believed to be an admixture of chromium and chromium oxides on the carrier strip. This admixture forms the release layer that facilitates separation of the carrier strip subsequent to lamination or other processing.
The release layer is formed to a maximum thickness of about 500 angstroms. When the release layer thickness exceeds this maximum, the minimum release force requirements are not consistently achieved. Since the thickness of the release layer may be less than the microscopic surface roughness of the copper foil, the precursor anodic treatment is used to achieve a more uniform surface finish.
Subsequent to rinsing, a seed layer of copper with a nominal thickness of between 0.1 and 0.5 micron of copper is deposited on the release layer utilizing the parameters specified in Table 2.
The seed layer forms a nucleating agent for the subsequent high speed deposition of a copper foil layer. While the seed layer is preferably formed from copper, it may be any electrically conductive metal that can be deposited in a mildly acidic to alkaline solution and is etchable in the same chemical solutions as copper. Such other metals for the seed layer include copper alloys, tin, iron, zinc, nickel, cobalt, etc. The seed layer protects the release layer from chemical attack in an electrolyte utilized to deposit the bulk of the metal foil layer thickness. Typically, to maximize manufacturing speed, an acid copper electrolyte as specified in Table 3 is utilized.
Alternatively, immersion time in the copper containing alkaline electrolyte, such as that disclosed in Table 2, is increased to on the order of 100 seconds to 20 minutes to deposit a copper layer with a thickness of from approximately 1.0 to 15 microns. In this aspect of the invention, the subsequent step of building up the copper thickness in a copper containing acidic electrolyte is omitted.
To enhance adhesion, a dendritic treatment may be used to roughen the outside surface of the metal foil layer. One suitable dendritic treatment utilizes the parameters specified in Table 4. Alternatively, an anti-tarnish layer such as a mixture of chromium and zinc may be deposited to increase adhesion without increasing surface roughness.
In a second embodiment, a carrier strip as described above is immersed in the solution of Table 1 for a time of from two to sixty seconds without utilizing electric current. A nominal 5 micron copper foil layer and dendritic treatment is then applied as above.
In accordance with a third embodiment of the invention, a copper carrier strip, as described above, is electrolytically coated with a thin, on the order of between 0.05 micron and 2 microns, layer of nickel utilizing the parameters described in Table 5.
A chromium phosphate release layer is then applied over the thin layer of nickel by immersion in a dilute chromic acid/phosphoric acid solution having the parameters disclosed in Table 6.
A nominal 5 micron copper foil metal layer is then deposited as above followed by a dendritic treatment as above.
In accordance with a fourth embodiment of the invention, a thin, on the order of between 0.05 micron and 2 microns, layer of nickel is deposited on a copper alloy carrier strip as above. A release layer is deposited from an aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide as disclosed in Table 7.
The nickel coated carrier strip is first made anodic and then cathodic to form reduced nickel oxides. Approximately 5 microns of copper is then applied as the metal foil layer followed by a dendritic treatment as described above.
In each of embodiments 1-4, an alkaline copper plating bath was preferably used to deposit a seed layer having a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 micron of copper prior to depositing up to 5 microns of copper plating in an acidic bath. In the alternative first embodiment, the subsequent deposition of copper from an acidic bath is omitted. The initial use of an alkaline copper bath avoids potential attack to the chromium oxide, nickel oxide or nickel phosphate release layer as could happen in the acidic copper bath thus improving the reliability/integrity of the release interface. Embodiments five and six describe methods for forming a composite material having similar reliability and integrity without the need for an alkaline copper bath.
In embodiment five, a smooth nickel deposit is formed on the copper alloy carrier strip utilizing a suitable nickel plating bath, such as the nickel sulfamate electrolyte of Table 5. The nickel plated carrier strip is then immersed in an aqueous electrolyte containing sodium hydroxide utilizing the parameters recited in Table 7. The carrier strip is first made anodic and then cathodic. A copper metal foil layer is then deposited using a copper sulphate bath (Table 3) followed by dendritic treatment (Table 4).
In a sixth embodiment, a thin layer of nickel, having a thickness on the order of between 0.05 micron and 2 microns, is applied to the carrier strip (Table 5) as described above followed by treatment in an aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide with the carrier strip first forming the anode and then the cathode as in Table 7. Next, the nickel is treated cathodically in an acid copper sulfate bath at low current density and the parameters illustrated in Table 8.
Copper deposition as in Table 3 is then utilized to increase the thickness up to a nominal 5 microns. Dendritic treatment as in Table 4 completes the process.
Composite materials formed from any one of the above processes may then be used to manufacture either printed circuit boards or flex circuits as described above. The advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the examples that follow.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the presence of pinholes in the foil may be reduced by employing methods of surface preparation on the exposed surface of the carrier strip that result in a smoother, more uniform surface. Examples of such methods of preparation include making use of oxygen free copper for the carrier strip, as well as smooth rolling, micro-etching, and flashing the surface of the carrier strip with copper or nickel solutions.
The presence of oxygen in copper carrier strips can give rise the formation of pits in the exposed surface of the carrier strip arising from the presence of copper oxide particles. When the release layer and foil are deposited over these pits, they conform to the structure of the pits. As a result, when the carrier strip is removed from the foil, the portions of the foil deposited into the pits often times break off from the foil. This breakage can result in pinholes on the surface of the foil or undesirable imperfections to the otherwise relatively uniform surface of the foil.
Therefore, one embodiment of the present invention incorporates the use of oxygen free copper for the carrier strip. The use of oxygen free copper reduces or largely eliminates the presence of copper oxide particles, thus reducing the attendant pits, and providing for a more uniform foil surface both before and after separation from the carrier strip.
Additional methods employed in the present invention to produce a more uniform carrier strip surface include smooth rolling, microetching, and exposing the surface of the carrier strip onto which the release layer is to be deposited to a copper or nickel flash. Examples of microetching capable of smoothing the surface of the carrier strip to a desirable uniformity include, but are not limited to, the application of a 1 lb./gal. ammonium persulfate solution with 3 v % sulfuric acid mixture at 115� F. for approximately 50 seconds. As stated above, the carrier strip may be coated with a copper or nickel flash to cover up defects, such as those incurred during rolling, that may adversely impact the uniform roughness of the surface of the carrier strip.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a dark and non-reflective layer is interposed between the release layer and the foil. The dark and non-reflective coating remains bonded to the foil after separation from the carrier strip and enhances the ability of the copper foil to be fashioned through the use of a laser.
There are, in general, two types of lasers that are used to drill through or otherwise remove portions of metallic foil. The first type includes CO2 lasers which emit light in the IR range. The second type of lasers includes YAK lasers which emit light in the UV range. While YAK lasers can drill directly through copper foil, such lasers tend to do so at a relatively slow rate. In contrast, CO2 lasers are capable of transmitting more energy per unit of time to the foil and, hence, drilling through the foil at a relatively faster rate. However, CO2 layers are generally incapable of drilling through copper foil directly. Rather, in order to drill through metallic foil, a CO2 laser requires that the surface of the foil be treated in such a manner as to render it both dark and non-reflective. As used herein, non-reflective refers to the property exhibited by a surface that substantially absorbs, rather than reflects, the energy contained in light which interacts with the surface.
Therefore, with reference to
There exist several methods by which the surface of the carrier strip 12 can be made suitably uniformly rough. These methods include, but are not limited to, nodule plating the surface of the carrier strip with pink or black copper bonding such as CopperBond (a registered trademark of the Olin Corporation of Norwalk, Conn.), sandblasting the surface of the carrier strip, microetching the surface of the carrier strip, and rough rolling the carrier strip.
The resultant non-reflective dark layer facilitates the use of a laser, preferably a CO2 laser, to drill through the dark layer and the underlying foil layer. In addition to drilling holes in this manner, the laser may be manipulated to etch into the foil a desired circuit schema such as one required to form an integrated circuit.
A 2 oz. wrought copper foil was used as a carrier strip. The strip was electrocleaned in an alkaline commercial cleaner using 20 ASF current density for 40 sec. The foil was rinsed and then the release layer treatment was conducted in 20-35 g/l NaOH+0.5-5 g/l chromium ions as sodium dichromate solution using an anodic current of 1-5 ASF followed by a cathodic current of 1-20 ASF for 5-20 sec. The anodic treatment appeared to generate a uniform micro-roughness on the surface of the foil and induce a uniform copper deposit. The cathodic treatment appeared to deposit a transparent layer of chromium and chromium oxides, which is believed to be responsible for the release of the carrier strip after lamination.
A seed layer of 0.1-0.5 micron copper was electroplated in an alkaline copper plating solution. A 5 micron copper deposit was then electroplated, using 60-70 g/l copper ions as copper sulfate and 60-75 g/l sulfuric acid at 40-100 ASF for 5.4-2.1 minutes, followed by a dendritic copper or copper/nickel treatment. After lamination to an FR-4 epoxy substrate, the 2 oz carrier was easily peeled with a measured bond strength of 0.1-1.0 lb/in.
A 2 oz. wrought copper foil was used as a carrier strip. The strip was electrocleaned in an alkaline commercial cleaner using 20 ASF current density for 40 sec. The foil was rinsed and then the release layer treatment applied by electroplating in a solution of 20-35 g/l NaOH+0.5-5 g/l chromium ions as sodium dichromate. This treatment appeared to form a transparent layer of chromium and chromium oxides.
A seed layer of 0.1-0.5 micron copper was electroplated in an alkaline copper plating solution. A 5 micron copper deposit was then electroplated using 60-70 g/l copper ions as copper sulfate and 60-75 g/l sulfuric acid at 40-100 ASF for 5.4-2.1 minutes, followed by a dendritic copper or copper/nickel treatment. After lamination to an FR-4 epoxy substrate, the 2 oz. carrier was easily peeled with a measured bond strength of 0.1-1.0 lb/in.
After cleaning the copper carrier strip, a nickel layer was first electroplated with 0.15 micron nickel in a nickel sulfamate bath at 30 ASF for 20 sec. The foil was then immersed in a solution containing 0.2-10.0 g/l chromic acid and 0.5-40 g/l phosphoric acid for 10-40 sec at ambient temperature. The alkaline copper seed layer and acidic copper plating were conducted as described in Example 1. A peelable foil resulted after lamination with 0.2-2.0 lb/in release force.
As in Example 3, a nickel layer was first electroplated. The nickel surface was then anodically treated in a 20-50 g/l NaOH solution at 0.5-10 ASF for 5-30 sec to generate a nickel oxide release layer. This nickel oxide layer was then cathodically reduced in a 20-50 g/l NaOH solution at 0.5-50 ASF for 5-30 sec. This cathodic treatment appeared to produce reduced oxides and enlarge the operating window. Without the cathodic treatment, if the anodic current is too low, a non-peelable foil would be produced. If the anodic current is too high, the plated 5 micron foil often delaminates or forms blister even before lamination and renders the product useless.
After the nickel and nickel oxide treatment, the alkaline copper seed layer and 5 micron acidic copper are deposited. A release force of 0.35-1.0 lb/in was obtained.
The formation of a smooth nickel deposit onto a carrier strip has been shown to be very easily accomplished by deposition out of a nickel sulfamate bath using a current density of 30 to 50 ASF with times of 20 to 30 seconds.
Treatment of the nickel plate in a solution of 30 g/l sodium hydroxide was then conducted with an anodic treatment of 20 to 40 ASF for 20 to 40 seconds with subsequent cathodic treatment in the same solution at 25% to 50% of the anodic current density and for half the time. No seed layer was used, rather the nickel coated support layer was cathodically treated in acid-copper sulfate bath at low current density, 60 seconds at 0.03 to 2 ASF, followed by plating of copper from the acid copper sulfate bath at 65 ASF for 3.5 minutes to achieve the desired 5 micron thickness. The foils retained their peelability following lamination.
For comparison, it was demonstrated that the above low current treatment resulted in peelable foils free of defects while foils made using identical conditions, but without the low current treatment, were full of defects and not peelable following lamination.
The effect of the release layer on the separation force required to separate a copper foil layer from a copper support layer is graphically illustrated in FIG. 14. Both a chromium metal release layer, as known from the prior art, and a chromium plus chromium oxide release layer as disclosed herein were effective to provide a relatively low, less than 8.9 kg/m (0.5 pounds per inch), separation force at room temperature. Even when heated to temperatures of up to 200� C. and remaining at temperature for one hour, the separation forces are about equal. However, at temperatures above 200� C., the separation force for the chromium release layer (reference line 38) increases rapidly while there is no increase in the separation force for the chromium plus chromium oxide release layer (reference line 40).
This example illustrates the wider processing window available for lamination utilizing the release layer of the invention.
Table 9 demonstrates conductive circuit traces having a nominal width as indicated when formed by photopatterning a 38 micron thick dry film photo resist and then etching in an alkaline solution at a temperature of 52� C. The 5 micron foil required approximately half the etch time of the 12 micron foil. From Table 9, it may be seen that the conductor width is closer to that of the designated conductor width for 5 micron foil than for 12 micron foil.
A 1 ounce C110 foil and 1 ounce C7025 foil were utilized to form carrier strips. Prior to cleaning in NaOH the foil samples were immersed in 10% sulfuric acid to remove any surface oxides. To provide consistency none of the solutions were stirred. As the objective of the test was to compare the capability of foils of differing tensile strengths in providing a controllable release force, the parameters under which the tests were conducted were held constant while the two foils differed only in tensile strength. The tensile strength of C7025 was approximately 100 ksi after lamination and the tensile strength of C110 was approximately 30 ksi after lamination.
As table 11 illustrates, the release force of both foils is dependent upon the anodic/cathodic current parameters. The break off point for anodic/cathodic current is 0.8 asf for the C7025 foil and 1.1 for the C110 foil. As used herein, "break off point" refers to the minimum anodic/cathodic current treatment value at which release is enabled.
It is apparent that there has been provided in accordance with the present invention a composite material including a releasable metal foil layer and methods for the manufacture of such a composite material that fully satisfies the objects, means and advantages as set forth herein above. While the invention has been described in combination with embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.
Patent Citations
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Faculty & Staff
The College of Education faculty and staff are part of the NC State community of achievers and leaders. A diverse group of professionals with rich experience and expertise, students count on this leadership to bring learning to life with lessons that drive real-world application.
Our faculty and staff are the heart of the College. Their work is addressing all the complexities of 21st century learning. They are a distinguished group deeply committed to their students and improving the field of education.
Academic Information
College Information
Technology Rich Environment


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Changing Times
World War II brought all those good times to an end. It was a sad day when the lodge burned, in the late 60s, but an A-frame was soon put up as the new lodge. Its location changed, because skating had lost its popularity and skiing was in.
The Camden Women's Club tried to revive the Winter Carnival in 1973 with help from others, but it did not catch on. Times have changed and things have changed but you now know of its humble beginning.
Many changes have been made over the years and skiing (and snow boarding) are now the most popular sports. Under the leadership of Jack Williams a toboggan chute has once again been built and many people are enjoying it.
Courtesy of Barbara Dyer.
History of the Snow Bowl from 1936 to 1996
based on a documentary history by Jack Williams


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The focus of the SMART campus coalition is to mobilize and organize the campus and community as catalysts for change on Alcohol, Tobacco and Drug issues on campus and in the surrounding community. The SMART coalition will work in partnership to identifying needs, educate the community, mobilizing resources, promoting collaborations and advocate for sound and responsible policy.
Some of this year's strategies have included:
- Development of a education materials on college alcohol abuse,
- Participation in Hazing Prevention;
- Implementation of a needs assessment survey for the campus;
- Student focus groups regarding alcohol and drug issues;
- Participation in student activities fair;
- Hosted the "Those Who Host Lose the Most" annual campaign;
- Provided alcohol-free alternative enertainment on campus during Alcohol Awareness Month;
- Training and Student seminar with international lecturer Michael Nerney.
The SMART coalition continues to develop and implement strategies to address the ongoing concern of Alcohol and Drug use among students.


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"The difference between ordinary and extraordinary is just that little 'extra'."
Belly-Friendly Cashew"Cheesecake" Bites
Grain/Gluten/Egg/Casein Free
"The difference between ordinary and extraordinary is just that little 'extra'."
Wow these are AMAZING! I must make these for Halloween! You are one talented cook! -MegReplyDelete
These look amazing!! And I've never seen the added probiotic element on one of these, but it totally makes sense! Can't wait to try them! :)ReplyDelete
What an amazing story - that video is beautiful. And, the recipe looks delicious (as always). Can't wait for the book to come out!ReplyDelete
First off, congratulations on the success of your Kickstarter project! I look forward to seeing the final book ;) Secondly, the no-bake "cheesecake" bites look fab and I can't wait to try them. I have a question though, do you think it would be okay to use fresh whey (which I have loads of) rather than capsules (that I don't have)? Thanks in advance ;)ReplyDelete
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.ReplyDelete
I address probiotic subs at the bottom of the posts under notes and tips. The problem would be that you wouldn't know how much to add to get the fermentation. With the probiotics you can measure the amount of strain needed. It's be an experiment.ReplyDelete
These look awesome! They'll definitely be on my "make these when you aren't trying to shed your vacation pounds" list. Thanks for another fantastic recipe!ReplyDelete
My oven doesn't have a light - can I just put them in the oven with no light? What else could I do?ReplyDelete
The light is for the warmth. It's like making yogurt. There are methods you could probably find through a search. Like crickpot yogurt, heating pads and so on. If you live in a hot climate like Texas you can leave it outside (covered) if it is 90 degrees or more out.Delete
yummy!! we want someReplyDelete
Yep, these look and sound AMAZING! So excited for your book :-)ReplyDelete
These look utterly amazing. Can't wait to try. Would be a fun treat to bring to family around the holidays (:ReplyDelete
These look delicious and gorgeous! Can we sub honey for maple syrup without ruining the moisture ratios, etc.?
Yes, honey works perfectly. I ways use a very light, mild honey.Delete
Do you know if the probiotic capsules purchased through amazon will work since they're not refrigerated, or maybe just not as well?ReplyDelete
Made these for my boss's celebration being a new grandma. OMG... what a treat! I must say, this was a labor of love, but they were delightful, delicious, decadent and really adorable. Perfect for a shower or passed dessert. I topped mine at the last minute with a fresh-cut strawberry - Yum! None of my co-workers are Paleo and they devoured them. Then again, paleo eats is all I cook, so they are used to my plays on SAD foods. Needless to say, I am converting them one dish at a time to a healthier way of eating without losing divine flavors. They are now asking for recipes all the time! As I write this, I am printing off another copy for a co-worker. Can't wait to show off the recipe book!ReplyDelete
These look beyond yummy! I'm having a girls night out at my house and I would love to make these. I have probiotics, but one capsule is 60 billion and it's not refrigerated. Do you think this would work?ReplyDelete


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The insider - Paul Routledge reveals another disgrace for Mandy
Cookie riles MPs, minister denies being a wizard, and another disgrace for Mandy
Cookie riles MPs, minister denies being a wizard, and another disgrace for Mandy
by Paul Routledge Published
Whither Throbbin' Robin after the Lords reform debacle? After every option for change had been rejected, the general verdict among MPs was that the Leader of the Commons, Robin Cook, had tried too hard. Not only did he set himself up against the PM, he allowed his shadow whips to browbeat Labour backbenchers into supporting an elected second chamber. Graham Allen and Fiona Mactaggart warned supporters of Tony Blair's plan for an appointed Lords that they would be seen as Downing Street poodles. The campaign boomeranged, and it could get worse. Ministers and backbenchers share a dislike of working at Westminster in the mornings, and more than 50 MPs have signed an early day motion criticising the new parliamentary hours. Though the new "working" week came in only at the beginning of the year, the Speaker is ready to allow an early review if more than a hundred MPs sign up to the mutiny. Jaunty Cookie may lose more than the vote. His job is on the line. (See John Kampfner, page 29)
John Reid instructed me not to use this snippet, but it deserves a wider audience. Asked a particularly long-tailed hypothetical question about war against Iraq, Bomber Reid snapped: "I'm the chairman of the Labour Party, not the fucking Wizard of Oz."
So, it will not be Shahid Malik MP. The pushy member of Labour's National Executive Committee, who has been touting himself as heir apparent to Peter Pike in Burnley, has been stuffed by party bosses. They have imposed a women-only shortlist on the constituency. What a delicious irony it would be if an Asian woman won the nomination!
Kay Carberry, the new TUC assistant general secretary, reacted with fury when Kevin Maguire of the Guardian pointed out that both she and Frances O'Grady, due to become deputy general secretary, are single parents. Maguire further mentioned that the father of Carberry's child once had an intimate relationship with Peter Mandelson, the twice-disgraced ex-minister. Carberry gave Maguire both barrels down the telephone for reminding the world of this fact. Why? The boy must now be a grown man, needing no defence. It must therefore be presumed that she wants to expunge Mandelson from her past. He was sacked from the TUC in 1978 and, strictly speaking, should be described as thrice-disgraced. Ah, now I understand.
The new Sexual Offences Bill is causing a stir in the Commons tearoom. The transport minister John Spellar and Tommy McAvoy, senior whip, expressed their disgust over the explicit notes to the legislation, which describe acts in private that they could scarcely stomach (if that is the right word). Appropriately, copies of the bill are kept on the top shelf of the Vote Office.
Lord (Bernard) Donoughue, Jim Callaghan's bagman, has finally written his memoirs, to be published in April by Politico's. I wonder how revelatory they will be. Will they, for instance, disclose the circumstances in which Donoughue was fired from the Times, where he was leader writer and odd-job man for the overhyped editor Harry Evans? As Father of the NUJ chapel at the time, I was involved in his demand for compensation, but the case was taken out of my hands in circumstances that remain a mystery to this day.
Paul Routledge is chief political commentator for the Daily Mirror


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NHL Power Rankings: Not ours, someone else's
Dec 13, 2011, 5:02 PM EDT
We've discussed doing NHL power rankings on PHT, but they take a lot of work, so every once in a while we'll link to someone else's power rankings and comment on those instead.
Today, we're discussing Scott Cullen's rankings at TSN.ca, published today (Dec. 13).
A few thoughts:
—-Agree with the Rangers at the top. After a two-game hiccup versus the Leafs and Lightning, New York destroyed Buffalo and Florida, 4-1 and 6-1, respectively. Everyone knew the Rangers could play defense, but now they're starting to put the puck in the net. In their last nine games, they've scored at least four goals in six of them.
—-Canucks all the way up to No. 2, inching ahead of the Bruins. It's pretty much a coin toss between Vancouver, Boston and Detroit. All three are playing great hockey and outscoring their opposition by a wide margin. Cullen dropped the B's to No. 3 because Zdeno Chara is injured. Fair enough. He's good.
—-Wild fans: furious. First overall in the standings, No. 8 in the rankings. To be fair to Cullen, his methodology is statistically based, and Minnesota's goal differential (plus-15) is only seventh best in the NHL. Still deserve to be higher though.
—-I'd put the Wild ahead of the Panthers. Florida's a pretty pedestrian 5-3-2 in its last 10 and, as mentioned, just got blown out by the Rangers.
—-I'd put the Blues ahead of the Panthers, too. St. Louis has at least a point in 14 of the 16 games its played under coach Ken Hitchcock. Last week, the Blues beat Detroit and San Jose.
—-Absolutely no way the Oilers (No. 15) should be that high. They're 5-10-1 in their last 16. They lost at home to Carolina last week. Edmonton's not a good team.
—-Nashville at No. 12 is generous. The Preds are 4-6-1 in their last 11. True, they're won two in a row, but they needed a miracle finish to beat the Blue Jackets Thursday and barely got by Anaheim Saturday.
- philsosexy - Dec 13, 2011 at 5:16 PM
What!? How the hell is Philadelphia back in tenth…leading the East, 5 straight wins,most goals in the league by a big margin, and the leading scorer in the NHL. Bull shit
- Jason Brough - Dec 13, 2011 at 5:18 PM
He dropped them due to Pronger and Giroux out. Just his methodology.
- jpelle82 - Dec 13, 2011 at 5:53 PM
with that line of thinking shouldnt pittsburgh be a lot lower then? Malkin, Staal, Crosby, Letang, Michalek…
- stakex - Dec 13, 2011 at 5:29 PM
Given the Pronger and Giroux injuries… I think its fair to say the Flyers are outside the top 5 right now. Not sure I would put them as low as 10th yet, but that is the direction they will probably be trending.
- philsosexy - Dec 13, 2011 at 5:20 PM
And Minnesota in 8th…this guy is a tard and should be fired
- yaozer17 - Dec 13, 2011 at 5:48 PM
power rankings are worthless…
- bigtganks - Dec 13, 2011 at 5:54 PM
I think it's fair to say the other seven teams would all beat Minny in a seven game series. It's called perspective not being prisoners of the moment and caught in the hype.
- whistler1217 - Dec 13, 2011 at 7:36 PM
I think your opinion is debatable. This week, yes MN is being hyped, however they've been underrated most of the year. I believe the Wild are something like 17-4 in the last 21. That's a pretty damn solid stretch. And I believe there's some old saying about a hot goalie can take you far. We could have two of them. Besides Boston, which top team has better goaltending or team defense. Hockey, especially in the playoffs is about more than 100 pt scorers and Fantasy stats. I'd say D, depth, and timely scoring. Go Wild!
- Jeff - Dec 13, 2011 at 6:14 PM
Exactly jpelle82.
- rogersjd16 - Dec 13, 2011 at 6:15 PM
Buffalo at 14 is pretty generous too. Definition of mediocre…
- robertterwilliger - Dec 14, 2011 at 7:57 AM
so the "definition of mediocre" team is right in the middle of the pack in the 30 team league.
- gbiscottagecheesefatties - Dec 13, 2011 at 6:42 PM
the hockey news is a million times better than tsn.ca, on almost everything!!!! I don't pay attention to ESPN and their garbage
- sjsharksfan11 - Dec 13, 2011 at 7:15 PM
Put the sharks at the bottom. Their horrendous defense and not so special special teams are a laughingstock. I'm hoping for a rebuild in Teal Town. Let this team fool you no more because they suck.
- jrod691 - Dec 13, 2011 at 9:21 PM
I was just scrolling to the bottom to write that the Sharks should be much lower on that list. In addition to terrible defense and special teams they also have an embarrassing "spray and pray" or "hammer and hope" offense and the worst breakout I've ever seen on an NHL rink.
None of this is new but if you give professional coaches 3 years to figure you out and you barely make any significant strategic adjustments during that time it's bound to bite you in the behind.
- danphipps01 - Dec 13, 2011 at 11:32 PM
Eh. True, they're a choke squad, but they're nowhere near the bottom. Porous defense, hot-and-cold scoring, lack of grit despite having plenty of supposed tough guys, all of this is true, but they're still miles above the Jackets, Bolts, Hurricanes, et cetera. Although when you think about it, it'd be better if they WERE that bad. At least then they'd get draft picks. Right now they're looking like they'll suffer the slow death of the Calgary Flames by virtue of trying to force a win with a roster that can't do it instead of trading their big pieces while they can still get good returns.
I HOPE they do, but I'm not expecting it.
- pastabelly - Dec 13, 2011 at 8:36 PM
Zdeno Chara might only miss one game (the game tonight). Not what you call a major injury. It's not exactly like the Crosby situation in Pittsburgh.
- philsosexy - Dec 13, 2011 at 9:38 PM
Flyers just killed Washington, without Pronger and Giroux…10th place my ass
- danphipps01 - Dec 14, 2011 at 2:31 AM
In fairness, killing Washington isn't really as hard as people were expecting it to be this season.
- taytay099 - Dec 13, 2011 at 9:58 PM
I think Cullen looks too deeply into statistics when he does his rankings. Wouldn't the Penguins be number one if they can be this successful without some of their best players? Same with the Flyers losing Pronger and the Wild having to use 3 different goalies and still winning low scoring games.
- zestypickles - Dec 13, 2011 at 10:08 PM
This ranking sucks.
- govtminion - Dec 14, 2011 at 9:13 AM
Weird, I started at the bottom when I went looking for the Avs… and found them all the way up at 22? That's… very generous. Better than the Jets? Really?
- tessaxx3 - Dec 14, 2011 at 10:12 AM
So the bruins are 3rd bc chara is out? Funny bc they played last night and rask had a shutout with our best Dman out and Campbell who's their top penalty killer was out. Weird
- flyeredup2 - Dec 14, 2011 at 11:39 AM
So this is based on how many star caliber players the team currently has in the lineup??
Let's just base in on the team with the nicest uniforms!
- greynraney - Dec 14, 2011 at 12:09 PM
These truly are worthless lists – Minnesota has the best record in the league and they're sitting 8th – Philly is 10th? Meanwhile, the Rangers couldn't muster a single goal last night vs a 3rd string goalie from the AHL – Go Stars!
- cup0pizza - Dec 14, 2011 at 9:37 PM
Stars 18th? Huh?
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Cottage Pie with Shallots and Sherry
When the leaves begin to turn brown and the evenings get darker, simple, hearty casseroles like cottage pie start to grace supper tables. Originally a way to use up scraps of meat leftover from a previous meal, cottage pie is now more commonly made with ground meat, but sometimes made with something braised. More


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Recipe by Sumehra
"Bite-sized mashed potatoes with cheese and cilantro."
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russet potatoes
1 tablespoon
butter, softened
1/2 cup
shredded Cheddar cheese
1/2 teaspoon
garlic, minced
1/2 cup
chopped fresh cilantro
salt and pepper to taste
Try adding more cheese and then rolling into balls and placing in the fridge for about 30 mins to cool and kind of solidify a bit. Then quickly dip in beaten egg white and then roll in seasoned breadcrumbs and then fry or deep fry, tastes much like the potato bites at Arbys... Yum!!!
Tasty recipe (omitted cilantro and used some herbs I had on hand), but I had a lot of problems cooking these - I don't have cooking spray on hand so used a buttered pan, but when I went to turn the potatoes, they fell apart. Ended up just eating as mashed potatoes, which were quite good but not quite what I was going for. May try again in the future.
23 Ratings
mmm these were good. I peeled the potatoes before boiling and didnt add cilantro, because im not a huge fan of it, but added chives instead. I used colby cheese and it was Delicious. I also made a green onion dip to dip these in!mmm wonderful, thank you, i now love potatoes!
These were way easier than I thought they would be. I used 3 big potatoes and had more than 10 poofies. Loved the incorporation of the cilantro. Cooked them in a non stick skillet so I didn' t need the butter/oil to fry them. Pretty tasty but needed more salt after cooking...
These were good and very easy to make. I will make them again.
The flavor f these was a little bland and they were a little dry...but dipped in ranch dressing they were great. All five of my boys ate these, including the pickiest eater this side of the milky way and the one who doesn't like potatoes. These get five stars from me for working a miracle at my table.
This tasted great! They didn't hold together well (they survived the first flip, but not being taken out of the pan) but I cared more about the taste. I only had mozzarella and dill (and don't much like cilantro anyway) so I substituted and YUM! I will be using this again, and probably mixing up the flavors each time. Fast, cheap, and easy to change up when you want to.
My boyfriend and I thought they were very good. Used a little milk after mashing and skipped the butter. Made more than expected. Make sure to leave plenty of room in the non stick skillet for flipping to avoid messing up the shape. Would make again.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Potato Poofies
Serving Size: 1/10 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 10
Amount Per Serving
** Calories: 99
** Calories from Fat: 28
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Evaluation and Diagnostic Service
When standard medications alone cannot control epilepsy, a variety of medical and surgical treatment options may be presented after a comprehensive evaluation is completed. Patient evaluations are tailored to meet the specific needs of each individual and typically include one or a combination of these diagnostic procedures:
- Prolonged Video/Electroencephalogram (EEG): Provides information for diagnosis and classification of the different types of seizures and epilepsies.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): High resolution MRI is used to find structural evidence of the seizure focus; spectroscopic MRI studies help locate brain dysfunction.
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET): In collaboration with the Division of Nuclear Medicine, metabolic studies locate areas of the brain that are not functioning normally.
- Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT): When indicated, a SPECT scan is performed at the onset of a seizure for the purpose of locating the area that generates the seizures and is compared with a SPECT scan when the brain is not seizing. This comparison assists our neurologists in localizing the abnormal brain areas.
- Neuropsychological Evaluation: Standardized assessment of memory and cognition is done to identify any changes in thinking skills that may relate to epilepsy, and assist with diagnosis and treatment planning.
These tests are repeated postoperatively for surgical patients to see if there is any change.
The Surgical Evaluation
In some candidates, the scalp EEG is not sufficient to localize the seizures, and further evaluation with intracranial electrodes may be needed.
Intracranial electrodes are very fine wires placed surgically in regions suspected to include the seizure focus to record the brain's electrical activity and allow functional brain mapping to be performed.
Sutter Pacific Epilepsy Program
California Pacific Medical Center
California Pacific Neuroscience Institute.
The Sutter Pacific Epilepsy Program in San Francisco features some of the top-rated neurology physicians and neurosurgeons in the San Francisco Bay Area, Marin county and Northern California. Providing personalized patient care using the most successful epilepsy treatment options available is what we do best.
San Francisco | Marin | San Mateo | San Francisco Bay Area


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Rusted Root to play Acoustics for Autism show in MaumeeWritten by Vicki L. Kroll | | email@example.com
To make "The Movement," Rusted Root got creative — more creative than usual.
"[The forthcoming disc] was pretty much fan-funded. We had a campaign called Fortunate Freaks Unite, and we have a bunch of different packages from the website, and you can actually still donate at rustedroot.com," said bass player Patrick Norman.
"And with the donations, you get various things, like you get your name on the credits of the album thank-yous. The packages range from that to we'll come and play a show for you at your house if you want."
Norman said it was nice to not rely on a record company and added, "We feel it's a good way to reconnect with the fans, to help the fans feel more involved with the band."
The Pittsburgh group has a reputation for fusing all kinds of music.
"We all are pretty much audiophiles. I've listened to music my whole life, and there's no particular style of music that I'm into," Norman said during a call from the Steel City. "It's natural to take what you hear and what you are inspired by through life and listening to music and incorporate them in songs. A lot of times, it happens subconsciously."
Rusted Root is best known for the song "Send Me on My Way" from 1995.
"It's a really innocent song with a very positive message. And the fact that it was used in a couple of famous movies didn't hurt, being on the soundtrack for 'Matilda' and 'Ice Age' was a really big thing because it keeps young fans coming," Norman said.
"They'll grow up and share it with their brothers and sisters, and they grow up and share it with their children or brothers' and sisters' kids; we've been very blessed to be part of some great art."
The band — Norman, singer and guitarist Michael Glabicki, percussionists Liz Berlin and Preach Freedom, and guitarists Colter Harper and Dirk Miller — is on its way to Maumee, where it'll play an Acoustics for Autism…Plugged In! show at the Shops at Fallen Timbers on Sept. 21. Doors open at 5 p.m. Special guests will be Arctic Clam, Dave Carpenter and Kyle White. Tickets are $10 in advance at the Village Idiot, Doc Watson's and Ye Olde Cock n' Bull Tavern and $15 at the door. All proceeds will benefit Project iAm, a nonprofit organization that raises funds for local families with autistic children.
"Michael had done some solo shows with [Project iAm], and he introduced [the band] to the cause, and we jumped right on board," Norman said. "It helps families with children with autism; it helps get them some money that they might need because there's special needs for autistic children and some things that most people wouldn't even think about. And this way, somebody's going to get a little bit of help directly."
Project iAm founder balances work, music, philanthropy
Nicole Khoury's look reflects her multiple roles in the Toledo community. She is wearing a classic suit — but her hair is streaked with blue.
Khoury has her own law practice and also works part time for the public defender's offices in Sylvania and Maumee. And when she isn't working, Khoury is rocking out with her cover band, Arctic Clam. Plus, she runs her own nonprofit, Project iAm, a charity that provides funds to Toledo-area children with autism for various needs.
"I love what I'm doing right now. This is a great time in my life. I can't imagine changing anything, except maybe I'd like to sleep a little more than I do," Khoury said with a laugh.
Khoury, a University of Toledo law school grad, grew up in Toledo's South End with her three younger sisters. From the beginning, music has been a big part of her life.
"My dad's whole side of the family is vocally very talented. My dad was in a band his whole life. He's an amazing guitar player, a great harmonica player. My mother's side of the family sang and played the piano and choirs and everything like that. So from being born, I always say I knew about Jimi Hendrix before I knew about math," she said.
The singer/guitarist began playing acoustics with Mick Mason since 2006, before getting more band members and officially becoming Arctic Clam in 2011. Music serves as Khoury's respite from her busy work schedule.
"The law is so hard on the heart, and it's so hard on your soul and the mind," she said. "So you throw in something like music, that really balances it out and lets me go up and have a great time and lose a lot of energy and that stress."
Still, Khoury emphasized how much she values her day job.
"If I didn't love what I did though, I wouldn't do it. I'm very lucky to love my job," she said.
Part of what made Khoury stick around Toledo is its criminal defense community, she said.
"It is amazing. You walk into another courtroom somewhere else and … it's not the feeling you have here. Everyone really works together here," she said.
Toledo in general has allowed Khoury to flourish. "It would take a lot to pull me away because I'm not going to be able to move to a big city and make the money that I make in the time that I make it and be able to be a rock star and have a charity," she said.
Khoury has big hopes for her city's Downtown. "I want to see more people living down here and once we get all this going, then the stores will start coming and we'll start to have our own little mini-Chicago," she said, adding that she believes that is the direction the city is headed.
"I would love to see Downtown what it is on a Friday or Saturday night or what it is after a Mud Hens game all the time," she said.
Khoury is bringing Pittsburgh band Rusted Root to the Shops at Fallen Timbers for a Sept. 21 benefit concert. Advance tickets are $10 ($15 at the door) and are available at http://aboutprojectiam.com/. Khoury started Project iAm after talking with her best friend, whose child has autism, about the struggles families can face when it comes to finances.
"I don't ever want a family not to get their kid tested or not seek a treatment," she said.
Tags: Nicole Khoury, Project iAm, Rusted Root


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New LGBT Series: Between Women♥
By 2 Comments|
This is going to be an AMAZING show and I urge everyone in the Atlanta Georgia area to go and see it! Between Women revolves around a group of lesbians who are willing to share their personal experiences and journeys with you. Each woman has their own personal story to tell. The screening will premiere January 15, 2011 at 7pm. Check out their website and follow the cast of Between Women on twitter :-)
← Previous Story Lindsay Lohan to be released from rehab….and start a shoe line!
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Where do I go to watch the videos? It looks like everything is private
You tube has all of them


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This season on Hit The Floor, the only person who's been able to put Jelena Howard in her place is her direct superior, Olivia Vincent. With obvious parallels in both their talent and unbridled ambition, the Devil Girl Captain and the Devil Girl Director frequently clash, with Olivia coming out on top time and again after some epic stare downs.
Known for her roles on NYPD Blue and Glee, actress Charlotte Ross is a veteran in the television game and a style inspiration to us all, especially those who are forced to spend their days around gym shorts and sneakers. On HTF her character is married to a basketball legend, constantly decked out in Herve Leger and Christian Louboutin, and spends her days schmoozing with premium ticket buyers. In real life, Ross is even more glamorous–as seen when she stopped by the VH1 offices dripping in gorgeous Roberto Cavalli. We chatted with the woman in charge about the stereotypes that can come with portraying strong female characters on television, as well as the dirty little secret from Olivia's past with Sloane and Pete.
How do you see Olivia and Jelena's relationship? They've taken similar paths in life, but constantly clash over Devil Girl power.
CR: When Logan [Browning] and I see our scenes, we get excited to do them because they are filled with sparks and they're really fun to play. The dance that we do with the writing and the acting in the scenes is kind of a fun one-upmanship that grows throughout the episodes. Every time I think "Oh my gosh, I can't one-up her on this," James comes out with another script and I'm like, "Oh my gosh are you kidding?" And that's what's so fun. You'll see at the end of season one, it definitely reaches quite a crescendo.
Why do you think Olivia puts up with Jelena's blatant disrespect?
CR: At first I was trying to find my way as to why my character wouldn't have fired Jelena right off the bat. The truth is, Jelena is a really talented choreographer and dancer. She's a huge asset to the team in general and to their success. If it was up to Olivia on a personal note she would have fired her a long time ago, but the thing we kept going back to is that Olivia needs Jelena, despite her personal feelings. Jelena also brings back memories of what Olivia was like–Olivia was driven to a fault when she was Jelena's age and did some questionable things in terms of morals and values to make sure she was going to get ahead at any cost. She sees a little bit of that in Jelena and can see right through it–which I think is cool–but in an odd way, she respects it and needs her.
Have you experienced similar female relationships in the entertainment industry or in your personal life?
CR: I have. I'm drawn to strong, female characters in general. Playing the pretty girl next door was never something I was dying to play. I've also played a lot of victims, but I didn't only want to play that, either. Strong women can fall into "intelligent," or they can fall into "bitchy." Unfortunately, a lot of times people equate strong, intelligent women with being a bitch, and there's many different facets that don't equate to being a bitch. I've certainly played some characters that are flat-out bitches, and I've also played some that are well-meaning and strong. Just because they're a woman, people think they're a bitch. I don't see the fun, one-upmanship in female roles like this a lot, which is one of the reasons why I liked the script to begin with, because [James LaRosa] has a lot of different female roles that are doing lots of different things. He brings a fresh look to it but keeps it fun to watch, which is why I'm such a fan of his.
Are we going to see more of Olivia's backstory as the episodes unfold?
CR You'll see why Kimberly [Elise] and I have this history, which I love. She's another actress who I relish having scenes with because she's just so wonderful, and I like to work with people that bring up your game in a sense and are really present. We peel back the layers as to why there's all this insecure resentment harboring between us. We were the two star dancers in our heyday, and obviously we took two totally different paths.


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Civil Rights Movement
7:39 am
Wed August 28, 2013
Montgomery Church Joins MLK Speech Celebration
The Montgomery church where Martin Luther King Jr. served as pastor will join other many other locations in ringing bells at the moment when King gave his "I Have a Dream" speech 50 years ago.
Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church in downtown Montgomery will ring bells at 2 p.m. CDT Wednesday as part of the Let Freedom Ring Celebration commemorating King's speech in Washington in 1963. King served as pastor of the church from 1954 to 1960. His leadership of the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 made him a national figure in the civil rights movement.
Organizers of the celebration said several members who attended the Montgomery church when King was pastor will participate in the bell ringing.
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This blog was written for primeloops.com – check them out for some ace samples and to see my blogs 2 months earlier!
When you think of electronic music, it conjures up images of big beats, layered synths and auto tune heaped on with an oversized ladle, but it all had to start somewhere.
One of the first instruments to make controlled noise out of volts was the Theremin in 1920 – and you didn't even have to touch it to hear how ground-breaking it was… Continue reading »


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In Flash Professional CS5 Essential Training, author Todd Perkins explains the fundamentals of Flash Professional CS5, the industry standard for creating animations and interactive applications for the web, desktop, and mobile devices. This course starts with the basics, such as using the drawing tools to create simple animations, and progresses to automating animation with tweens and adding interactivity with ActionScript. This course also covers how to add sound and video to projects, enhance realism with effects like easing, and publish a project to a variety of platforms. Exercise files are included.
Flash has a very unique way of working with Vector artwork. In this movie, we will explore how to manipulate Lines and fills. So on the Stage, I'm going to draw a circle and what we are going to do is turn it into sort of an avocado shape. So I'll select a Green fill and a Black stroke for now. I'll set the stroke at 1. I'll turn off Object Drawing and I'll work in Merge Drawing mode. And holding the Shift key, I'll click-and-drag on the Stage to draw a circle.
Using the Selection tool, I am going to hover my mouse over the top edge of the circle. In Flash, you can manipulate Vector artwork, almost like you're working with clay, in 2-D space. So when I hover over the edge of the shape, notice that my cursor updates to show a curved line at the bottom right. If I click-and-drag there, I can change the shape of the circle. So let's say we are trying to make the shape of an avocado. So I am going to pull up, and tell how the shape looks similar to, what an avocado looks like and I'll release the mouse button.
And there we have an avocado shape that became from a circle. So let's say you wanted to adjust a rectangle, I'll select the Rectangle tool, Reset the Rectangle options and click-and-drag to draw rectangle on the Stage. Then I'll move to the Selection tool, if I hover over an edge of the rectangle. I'll see the same cursor update that I saw with the circle. To have that curved line at the bottom right of my cursor. So I can click-and-drag, to adjust that line.
If you hover over the corner of a shape, the cursor will update to show a right angle, at the bottom right of your cursor. So you can click-and- drag in to adjust the shape. So if I want to, I can re-create that avocado shape, using a rectangle. Granted, it doesn't look as good, as the one I use with circle, but you get the point. So using Flash, just think of working with Vector artwork like you're working with clay, on a 2-D plane.
So you can click-and-drag edges and corners of shapes to create your own customized shapes.
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Robert Finlayson
It's a truism that many people speak with authority, but very few speak the truth.
It's odd, though, for a truism to be apparent as you wander in your usual daze through life. At least, I seem to wander in such a manner, dreaming about this or that while lots of other "thats" or "thises" are going on in front of my nose, most of which can be classified as people speaking authoritatively but not saying anything that's true. But not to be too hard on myself, it's not really possible to grasp every little ripple of reality as it washes about, is it, and bathe in its harsh beauty?
Unless, of course, you are a member of the fabled Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, or the House of Representatives, defenders of the world's fourth-largest democracy. Here, in one rather odd-looking building, are gathered some fine specimens who not only speak with tremendous authority but also always speak the truth — yes they do, lots of different truths, especially when they are ratting on their fellows while arraigned before the anti-corruption court.
It is a heart-warming and edifying spectacle, hearing our fine representatives pronounce with authority that everything is this thing and then, after due consideration of the matter, brought about, perhaps, by a particularly poignant piece of evidence from a prosecutor, announce with equal authority that everything is not this thing but, indeed, that thing.
I firmly believe that this shows flexibility of thinking, what some would call creativity, and, if so, then our representatives must also be our finest artists, something that the Yellow Party, those wisest and most experienced of authority-speakers, want to formalize in their selection process for future candidates.
Isn't that just great? And also great timing? Really, it's a stroke of political genius, showing just how on the ball the Party is: To announce this policy just as prosecutors are toying with our former Miss-Indonesia-cum-representative-cum-corruption-defendant, wondering just what it will take to get her to rat fully and freely on all her pals in the DPR and beyond.
At this fascinating and tender moment in the history of modern Indonesian politics, the famed Yellow Men, ever-aware of the apt word and the telling moment, decide that what is needed to boost their chances of electoral success are not honest, smart, hardworking and dedicated candidates, but celebrities. Not that celebrities might not have all of these qualities, of course. Perhaps they do, like former Miss Indonesia perhaps does or perhaps doesn't (we will have to await the court's verdict before we can say either way, with authority, even if not with truth).
Be that as it may, I rather like the idea of an all-singing, all-dancing DPR. The House would be the envy of the world and it would certainly put a bang back into business. Instead of staying away in droves from their $2,000 seats in the chamber while they pursue constituents' interests in, say, Bangkok, Las Vegas or Paris, the reps will be hard at work in committee rooms polishing up their repertoire in order to bash out a duet with a hot former starlet or hunky former guitarist in a karaoke question time. Not to mention getting their grooves ironed out in order to goyang, shake their booty, while debating a bill on this or that of a different sort of booty.
But I digress. What I set out to say at the start, but was distracted by all the tinsel, flam-flam and high-kicking, knees-up reps, was that I may not speak with authority but I sometimes, at least, speak the truth. For example, doubting Thomases who, in an earlier post, questioned my reference to becak or trishaws in Jakarta can simply get out a bit more: Head into the depths of Galur and Luar Batang and you will find the spindly but strong machines still hard at work pushed by their splindier, stronger and harder working riders who do cross against the edicts of our beloved Jakarta Government occasionally and venture out onto carriageways that are more than a couple of meters wide and upon which there are speeding automobiles and, in my case, a motorcycle. Trust me, it's the truth.


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Eliminate trash while earning money at J's Recycling. Bring your scraps to our recycling center in Lawton, OK today! We buy scrap metal, aluminum, plastic, and more.
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text: beiber By Leslie Reynolds February 14, 2012 10:38 AM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Category: Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of Mix 93.1 This Car Stereo Is So Loud It Can Scramble Eggs Demi Lovato Remembers Buddy With Emotional Photo Tribute Caitlyn Jenner Struggles to Create Her Female Voice With Kim Kardashian in 'I Am Cait' Promo How Old Is The Average Vehicle On The Road? Recommended For You Best of the Web


text: Planning to bring a show car, pulling horse, jumping mule, or vintage engine/tractor to the Blue Ridge Folklife Festival? You can go ahead and register for the festival now using the links below. Preregistration is not necessary, but it helps us order the correct number of plaques, magnets, etc. Please note the festival guidelines on the registration forms.