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CODY - The Wyoming Game and Fish Department is seeking information regarding three mule deer that were illegally shot and left to waste southwest of Byron.
Lovell Game Warden James Hobbs said three deer were found shot and left to waste near the intersection of Highway 32 and County Road 2. The deer are believed to have been shot either Saturday, Oct. 11 or Sunday, Oct. 12.
Anyone with information on this crime or other wildlife violations can contact the STOP POACHING hotline at 1-877-WGFD-TIP (1-877-943-3847), Lovell Game Warden James Hobbs at 307-548-7310, or Powell Game Warden Chris Queen at 307-754-5390. Tips may also be reported on line at wgfd.wyo.gov. Tips may result in a reward up to $5,000 if an arrest is made, and individuals can choose to remain anonymous.
(Contact: Tara Teaschner (307) 527-7125)


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Mary Lou Henry: Spring Time & School Seminar Success!
March is the beginning of winter turning into spring, a time of longer and brighter days ahead, a time of the land awakening, when the flowers and grass, leaves and blossoms burst forth. Although the weather can be violent and changeable and dark clouds can fill the skies, just as in life, the world is much more beautiful if we choose to enjoy the positive and think less on the negative.
School Seminar in Jackson
Thank you to those School Nutrition Directors who took the time out of their busy schedules to join KaTom and Repsouth staff at the Kolpak and Delfield facilities for factory tours and to receive training on their lines of kitchen equipment. The Cleveland Company Chef also joined us at Delfield and provided training on their line of broilerless steamers and ovens. KaTom would like to express their appreciation to all those involved in being a part and assisting with making this Seminar a success.
Anyone building or renovating schools that involve kitchens, serving areas or dining areas; please contact me at email@example.com or 865-223-1150; or KaTom direct at (800-541-8683 or 423-586-5839). We would be grateful for the opportunity to provide quotes or respond to bids or RFP's on any and all items needed.
Thank You,
Mary Lou Henry

subset: commoncrawl


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Public Safety IT investigates and reports on the rapidly changing technology products and services affecting law enforcement, emergency management and homeland security.
Issue link: http://psitmag.epubxp.com/i/55655
PublicSafety 2012 IWCE Product Showcase page 48 TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT & HOMELAND SECURITY PSIT Insider INTERNATIONAL APCO Global Congress in Dubai By PSIT Staff The second annual APCO Global Con- gress will take place May 1-3, 2012 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Page 4 FEATURES 2012 4G Wireless Outlook for Public Safety By PSIT Staff What will 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) user devices look like? Page 12 2012 Radio Outlook for Public Safety By PSIT Staff Learn about the latest radio offerings from industry leaders. Page 22 CASE STUDIES Rocky Mount, N.C. Police Leverage Gunshot Detection By PSIT Staff Gunshot detection with SST's ShotSpotter Flex increases situational awareness in Rocky Mount, N.C. Page 16 People Power Returns By Tim Burke iThinQware's iWatch app engages the community of Bridgeport, Conn. Page 38 L.A. County Sheriff's The Los Angeles County Sheriff's De- partment (LACSD) recently made the decision to get Panasonic Toughbook mobile computers for their entire fleet of patrol cars. When the program is fully implemented in approximately two years, more than 2,400 of the units will be deployed throughout the fleet. That's a lot of computers in a lot of police cars. Captain Scott Edson, Bureau Com- mander, Communications and Fleet Management Bureau, Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department answered some questions about the program, in- cluding how the LACSD picked this Department Gets Tough By Tim Burke brand. "We scored several responses to our agency's needs in our Request for Proposal," Edson said, "and the Tough- book, integrated by Raytheon, scored the highest." The mobile computers used by deputies, and the system itself, were first deployed in patrol cars at LASD's Industry Sheriff's station, then Lancaster and Palmdale Sheriff's Station. Captain Edson further indicated that "they will continue station by station until all the stations and specialized units have them; about 35 facilities in all." Continued on page 6 Urban Shield: Preparedness at its best By PSIT Staff Ensuring communication among first responders, especially during a crisis situation, is a major challenge for public safety agencies. Interoperabil- ity is critical for success. The National Incident Management System (NIMS) defines preparedness as "a continu- ous cycle of planning, organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evalu- ating, and taking corrective action in an effort to ensure effective coordina- tion during incident response." This 'preparedness cycle' is one element of a broader National Preparedness Sys- tem to prevent, respond to, recover from, and mitigate natural disasters, Jan/Feb 2012 acts of terrorism, and other man- made disasters. Urban Shield is a national model, full-scale exercise, designed to assess Continued on page 20 Don't miss these and other PSIT Online-Exclusive Articles at www.psitmag.com! Brother Mobile RuggedJet The RuggedJet mobile printer allows law enforcement to print from any location. By PSIT Staff CODY's C.tac 5 CODY's C.tac 5 is a cloud-ready addition to the C.O.B.R.A. real-time information-sharing platform. By PSIT Staff 10 Tips For Being the BEST Police IT Manager Practical suggestions to help you be a dynamic IT manager. By Brad Brewer


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Cleanup At Collapsed Historical Archive Starts
An excavator breaks down the ruin of a house standing next to the... News PhotoArchives,Built Structure,Cologne,Cultures,Earth Mover,Emergencies and Disasters,Germany,Horizontal,Human Interest,Ruined,StandingPhotographer Ralph OrlowskiCollection: Getty Images News 2009 Getty ImagesCOLOGNE, GERMANY - MARCH 11: An excavator breaks down the ruin of a house standing next to the wrecked building of the Historical Archive of the City of Cologne on March 11, 2009 in Cologne, Germany. Cologne's six-story city archive building collapsed on Tuesday, March 3.The archive building dragged down parts of two adjacent buildings that contained apartments and an amusement arcade. Cologne holds archive material going back over centuries, including manuscripts by communist pioneers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and documents related to German writer Heinrich Boell. (Photo by Ralph Orlowski/Getty Images)


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Diving and Snorkeling in Caye Caulker, Belize
For those looking for something specific, author Lily Girma offers up her expert recommendations for sites, trip operators, and dive shops found in Caye Caulker.
For those looking for something specific, author Lily Girma offers up her expert recommendations for sites, trip operators, and dive shops found in Caye Caulker.
Beaches on most of Caye Caulker are of the thin, hard variety—don't expect to find a thick, soft, endless stretch of sand. Still, there's sand to feel under your toes, and the ratio of crowds versus beach space is favorable.
Explore the Caribbean the way it was meant to be traveled: by sea. Here are the top boat tours and operators for those seeking to fish, snorkel, dive, or simply enjoy being out on the ocean.
A common dilemma is whether to stay on Ambergris Caye or Caye Caulker, each unique in rhythm and scenery. Here's an overview to help you decide which location best suits your style.
On Lighthouse Reef Atoll, you'll find Half Moon Caye, a historical natural monument and protected area with a lighthouse, bird sanctuary, shipwrecks, and incredible diving spots offshore. Author Lily Girma shares everything you need to know about this interesting area.
This full-color guide to Belize includes vibrant photos and helpful planning maps. Travel writer, photographer, and Belize expert Lebawit Lily Girma knows the best ways to experience Belize—from the gorgeous beaches of the Northern Cayes to the diversity of the Cockscomb Wildlife Sanctuary and Jaguar Preserve (the only jaguar preserve in the world). Girma offers […]
The Northern Cayes are the crown jewels of Belize's tourist attractions. They have the most experience catering to visitors, have developed several different scenes between them, and continue to be the most popular destinations in the country.


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Nobuyoshi Araki: Self Life DeathHardback
List price $46.73
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- Publisher: Phaidon Press Ltd
- Format: Hardback | 196 pages
- Dimensions: 268mm x 334mm x 34mm | 1,842g
- Publication date: 4 May 2011
- Publication City/Country: London
- Edition: Abridged
- Edition statement: Abridged edition
- Illustrations note: 50 col & 150 b&w illus
- Sales rank: 222,124
Product description
Nobuyoshi Araki is arguably Japan's greatest living photographer, and certainly its most controversial. The more than 300 books he has published over the last four decades attest to his inexhaustible creative energy, while his work, which often challenges social taboos surrounding sex and death, has drawn critical attention both at home and abroad. This new abridged edition of Phaidon's highly acclaimed Self, Life, Death, includes the finest and most iconic images from throughout Araki's career, all presented in a beautiful, expanded format that allows the pictures room to breathe. This accessible and affordable format will bring a new audience of students and photography enthusiasts to the work of this influential photographer.
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Author information
Akiko Miki is a curator at the Palais de Tokyo, Paris and contributor to art magazines including Bijutsu Techo, Studio Voice, Tema Celeste and Exit Express. Yoshiko Isshiki has been working with Araki for over 10 years and has been closely involved in all exhibitions of Araki's work in Europe. Tomoko Sato is a curator at the Mucha Foundation, Prague, having previously worked as a curator at the Barbican Art Gallery, London. She has organized a wide range of exhibitions and has edited and published a number of books and catalogues, including Japan and Britain: An Aesthetic Dialogue 1850-1930 (1991).
Review quote
'the work of Nobuyoshi Araki is virtually impossible to sum up in a few words. But here goes ... gritty reportage, rope bondage, dead cats, naked women, naked women drinking coke, and the occasional naked woman covered in small lizards. Phew! ... If nothing else, Nobuyoshi Araki: Self, Life, Death is guaranteeed to cause heated debate!' Practial Photography


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mac can read commercial audio cd's info without having to connect to the internet?
hey guys I am putting out my own cd and I just wanted to ask if anyone noticed that when you put in an audio cd in windows, it doesn't have any artist track info, unless it is connected to the internet, where it gets info from an online database.
I noticed that with mac, even offline, the cd pops up right on my desktop with the album name, and itunes seems to know all the tracks and artist names, and even before you burn and you push get info it usually even have the composer?
how can this be, I am putting out my own cd and all the duplicators told me all the info will come up when I enter my data into cd (gracenote) databases, but mac seems to be able to do without it?
iTunes connects with CDDB if you're connected to the internet when you first put in the CD. They identify your CD by lengths of the tracks and the track order.
The duplicator can also add metadata to your CD so that track info comes up.
The mac remembers the CD if you've previously loaded info from it.
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It is very certain that nothing is true but what is conformable to reason, that is to the divine reason of which ours is but a short faint ray, and it is as certain that there are many truths which human reason cannot comprehend. Therefore to be thoroughly sensible of the capacity of the mind, to discern precisely its bounds and limits and to direct our studies and inquiries accordingly, to know what is to be known, and to believe what is to be believed is the property of a wise person.from A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, Part II, chapter III as reprinted in Women Philosophers of the Early Modern Period. (105)
Mary Astell is one of the earliest women philosophers of the early modern period not born into the class of nobility or wealth that allowed women to expand their intellectual horizons. She is hailed today as one of the first feminists chiefly because of her outspoken beliefs concerning the education of women and her thoughts concerning marriage.
Mary Astell was very impressed with the philosophy of Father Nicholas Malebranche. Writing to John Norris, one of Malebranche's great expositors in England, Astell expressed the wish:"I could read that ingenious author in his own language, or he spoke mine." McCraken in Malebranche and British Philosophy notes that she "subscribed both to Malebranche's doctrine that God is the immediate cause of our sensations and that He is the sole proper object of our love. While she abandonded Malebranchian occasionalism:
...she held firm to the Malebranchian doctrine of love, which she defended in The Christian Religion, as profess'd by a Daughter of the Church of England (London 1705) against the assault of Lady Masham (who Norris had sought to conver to Malebranchianism in Reflections upon the conduct of Human Life...in a Letter to Lady Madham) had made on it in a A Discourse Concerning the Love of God.
--McCraken, Pg.6
|12, November. Mary Astell is born to Mary Errington and Peter Astell and is baptized at St John's Church in Newcastle-on-Tyne. Her parents are members of the merchant class. There is no record of Mary's childhood and the popular belief that Mary Newcastle-on-Tyne. Her parents are members of the merchant class. There is no record of Mary's childhood and the popular belief that Mary was educated by her clergyman uncle is dismissed by biographer Florence Smith who notes: "...as he died when she was but thirteen, she can hardly have received from him the full education with which she has been credited." (Mary, 5) Smith goes on to posit that Mary's education more than likely is that of a wide reader.
|19, March. Peter Astell dies and is buried in the chancel of the same church Mary was baptized in. Her mother is awarded a small pension which is cut in half the following year.
|16, October. Mary Errington Astell dies. Mary moves to the Chelsea district of London, and more than likely lives with Lady Catherine Jones. Lady Catherine's prominence in court circles allows Mary to become involved a number of well-educated women interested in changing the status of women.
|Mary publishes her first work, A Serious Proposal To The Ladies For the Advancement of their True and greatest Interest. A first edition copy, inscribed in Mary's handwriting to Lady Mary Montagu still exists and is in the British Museum.
|Letters Concerning the Love of God, comprised of Mary's correspondence with John Norris is published at his request. She dedicates the volume to Lady Catherine Jones.
|Mary publishes part II of A Serious Proposal... in which she gives instructions to women on how to think clearly and logically.
|The unhappiness of one of Mary's neighbors, the Duchess of Mazarine, compels her to write and publish Some Reelections upon Marriage Occasioned by the Duke and Duchess of Mazarine's Case. In it, she condemns men who marry for money or love of beauty as being governed by irregular appetites. She also counsels women not to marry out of duty or to escape the hardships of life, but to make their decisions based on reason.
|Mary turns her attention to religious and political writings. A Fair Way with the Dissenters and their Patrons attacks Defoe; Bart'lemy Fair or an Enquiry after Wit is her disagreement with Shaftesbury; An Impartial Enquiry in to the Cause of Rebellion and Civil War in this Kingdom defends the royalist party, and Moderation truly Stated defends the established church. She completes her writing career with a summary of her religious and educational theory in The Christian Religion As Profess'd by a Daughter of the Church of England. In this last tract, Mary appeals to the Queen to aide in furthering the education of women, saying in response to her opponents: "But generous designs for the Glory of God and the good of Mankind haven been opposed in all ages...by supposed and far fetched dangers and by misrepresentations, to raise the mob and popular prejudice against them, since reason will not furnish out any objection." (Mary p. 25)
|Tax records indicate that Mary is now living in her own residence on the street called By the Swan.
|At some indiscernible date between 1712 and 1720, Mary refocused her energy towards creating a charity school for girls rather than a women's college. Her friends, the Lady Catherine Jones, Lady Elizabeth Hastings, and Lady Ann Coventry, along with others establish a charity school for girls. The school remained active until the latter part of the nineteenth century.
|9, May. Mary dies of breast cancer.
|Mary Astell is buried in the churchyard of Chelsea Church.


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Advanced Technologies Incorporated (ATI) is a leading supplier of quality aerospace research and development products. Founded in 1988, ATI provides engineering and fabrication services and produces a wide variety of wind tunnel models, test equipment, composite rotor blades, production and prototype tooling, prototype and experimental hardware, full-scale mock-ups and models and training devices. ATI's quality assurance system is ISO 9001/AS9100 certified.
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All Rights Reserved
Quality Development by Virginia Web Designers
Graphic Memory Internet Services, Inc.


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Below is the poem entitled Rachel's Empathy which was written by poet
holmes. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Paul Holmes
A raindrop falls
From a sullen sky;
A teardrop trickles
From her tender eye;
A snowdrop wakes
From its bed of snows;
Compassionate words
From her heart flows.
As wet as that rain
Or this Woman's tears,
Both sound like music
To angelic ears.
As white as pure snow
Or her words of love,
Both melt pleasingly
'Neath the feet of the Dove.
A fledgling sparrow
Fallen from its nest,
An earthquake is felt
Deep within her breast.
A helpless orphan child
In a basket does lie,
She comes to its rescue
In aid of every cry.
Weak is that bird,
As weak is her heart,
She feels its pain
Almost tear her apart.
As alone as that babe
She knelt and prayed
Asking her Father
For His loving aid.


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Learn how to shoot, edit, and post mobile photos online using the popular Instagram app for iOS and Android.
"I spend every spare moment I have reviewing courses, and I have become a better photographer as a result. How many times have we signed up for something only to be disappointed? Not with lynda.com." —James O.
more from our members »


text: Set of 25 flat note cards with matching white envelopes included. Card size is 5.5" x 4.25". Imprint is flat printed in ink color only as shown. Your choice of typestyle to be used. Printed return address available in flat black ink. Positioning only as shown. Made of recycled materials.


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Just a thought on the state of pc gaming
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Re: Just a thought on the state of pc gaming
Originally Posted by
I don't believe that, piracy has been around longer than DRM. The developers have made things worse with DRM and limited installs, but it's not the developers as a whole, they are trying to make a living.
I remember in the 80's, games were around the same price, $30-50 bucks, average price was 39.95. I know this because I worked in a store when I was younger.
Games these days, 25 years later, cost millions to develop and are around $40-60.
Machines are much more complex and it's hard to code for every single hardware configuration, that's why there are QC problems. Most of the time, it's the users fault, a outdated driver, overclocking, malware, virus, HW conflict, etc. The average joe who meets a games requirements usually doesn't have issues.
I hate DRM just as much as anyone but it's pirates and torrent freaks that are making developers scramble for new ways to protect their work.
My thing is, I download the demo. No demo, no chance of buying unless it's a no brainer, like Diablo III. The same goes for MMO's, PC's, consoles. If I like the game a lot, I will get it, if I feel I can hold off for when it's on sale, I'll wait. It's that simple.
yeah but the fact that our systems are more complex isn't a reflection on us, the helpless consumer! we buy our systems, being told that they can play all the latest games. we buy the games which promise to run like butter, or at least WORK on our brand new spanking, EXPENSIVE ASS computers, and then we're met with hoop after hoop that we have to jump through to get a working product! in no other sector is that true, and it is definetely not a practice that we ascribe will EVER ascribe to products that we spend our hard earned on! why should we demand anything less than what is promised us on the label?


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"Study math and see the world" says Martha Weeks, a computer marketing consultant. "Mathematics … can open a multitude of … doors" agrees Robert Stewart, NASA astronaut. These are just two items of interest that will appeal to everyone, regardless of age, in this informative collection of snapshots of the lives of people who use mathematics in their careers. The people portrayed here are not just the usual run of the mill Math crew consisting of teachers and researchers. They include actuaries, engineers, managers, consultants, and even an astronaut.
Each contributor writes about his or her career, and the essays are arranged in alphabetical order. (There are no indices, which is a pity: it would have been very useful to be able to locate essays by field, by educational level, by the level of the mathematics involved, and so on.) Among my favorite essays were ones written by Joe Corrigan of Project Mathematics and Yaromyr Zinkewych, who is a troubleshooter for the Hubble Space Telescope. Project Mathematics sounds like a wonderful project that will help enrich the mathematical lives of high school students. From what I know of the Hubble Telescope, Yaromyr must be really busy! These two essays struck me because of the range in between them, as well as their similarity. Both men hold a BA in Mathematics, but from there, their lives are totally different. Here mathematics shows us some of the variety hidden within.
The essays selected represent a wide range of experiences, ages, and educational levels. Shane Chalke, an actuary, holds a BS in Mathematics, while J. Wanzer Drane has a PhD in Biometry. There are also life stories of people who studied Math at college, and not later, and vice versa. There are MBA holders in the group along with BAs, MDs, PhDs, and so on.
In the Appendix, there are several sections of interest to the college graduate, including "Seven Steps to Finding a Job" and "So You Want to Work in Industry". Everyone will find these notes truly helpful, from the college freshman exploring his options to the college senior and the person already in a job environment.
All in all, this is a handy book that contains a wealth of information and experiences, from the actuary and agricultural economist to the research scientist and the sculptor.
Yawa Dusé-Anthony just graduated from Colby College with a B.A. in Mathematics, and will be attending the graduate program in Operations Research at the University of Massachusetts beginning in September, 1997.


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Movie Reviews
10:39 am
Mon March 31, 2003
Phone Booth
You'll never pass a booth or open your cell again without thinking about this slight but engrossing thriller.
By John DeSando, WCBE's "It's Movie Time"
I have just realized my grammar-school teacher Sister Alexia was right when she said confession is good for the soul. Joel Schumacher's "Phone Booth" is a modern morality play about personal disclosure in one exciting short movie making you respect the moral majority's power and suspect the neutrality of any phone call. Colin Farrell plays a publicist hurrying down a NY avenue much as a cocky PR man Cary Grant did in "North by Northwest" with an assistant in tow. Farrrell"s cell phone is the only one he doesn't dismiss in his race to a telephone booth.
Farrell ducks like Superman into a booth to call his mistress (His wife could trace a cell call). Sniper Kiefer Sutherland calls to inform Farrell he is in his sights and must confess his infidelity to his wife or be shot. The righteous in the audience were undoubtedly supporting the anonymous caller's call to confession. A pimp and his hookers try to wrest Farrell from the booth: They are as funny and menacing an ensemble as you will see in any urban story this year.
The gritty street, the onlookers, and the police remind me of the urban realities Sidney Lumet created in a similar film, "Dog Day Afternoon." Forest Whitaker as the cop in charge has a lazy eye perfectly suited to the slow machinations of the law.
Schumaker's camera is active enough as it descends godlike from a satellite through phone lines, finally settling at the booth, gaily moving in and out and about to keep a potentially static one-act story kinetic with danger.
You'll never pass a booth or open your cell again without thinking about this slight but engrossing thriller. Remember, Cary Grant in "NNW" had a hard time escaping the effects of a telephone call.
The film closes showing the pervasiveness of the telephone and its allure. Although "Phone Booth" goes on to show us how insidious modern technology and telephones can be, the story is really about fidelity and truth, both old-fashioned notions with murderous implications here. And confession? Sister Alexia was right--I went deservedly every 2 weeks.
John DeSando vice-chairs the board of The Film Council of Greater Columbus and co-hosts WCBE's "It's Movie Time," which can be heard streaming at www.wcbe.org on Thursdays at 8:01 pm and Fridays at 3:01 pm. ? Copyright 2003, WCBE


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Final Street Dance of the Summer Happening Tonight
Don't miss out on your chance to attend the very last Silver Bullet Coors Light Street Dance of the summer. If you haven't been to one of these you're missing out! Admission is free. There will be vendor booths and activities for the kiddos


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Out of the ten mobile phone models most frequently sold back to recycling companies, the Telegraph reports that the two manufacturers (Apple iPhone and Nokia) landed in nine of the spots, including favourites such as the iPhone 3G 16 GB, Nokia 5800 XpressMusic and the Nokia 6300 were among them, with the tenth favourite being the only exception, the Samsung S5230 Tocco Lite.
The study's results also coincide with both brands' popularity; Apple's iPhone series and Nokia's slide models have been some of the biggest sellers in Britain in recent years. Experts say Nokia mobile phone models and iPhones are most likely being recycled because of, not in spite of, their sleek designs, since customers who value style are often the ones who upgrade their phones more frequently. This year alone, more than a million people in the U.K. are expected to buy a new phone, research suggests.


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|walnut • 6x6 inch oil on gessobord • available here
When I started this painting I was excited, half way through I wanted to poke my eyes out with my paintbrushes, but in the end I was happy with the outcome and glad I stuck with it.
It was hard as hell to photograph, this is a bit harsh, the actual painting is softer.
If you are wondering what I'm working on, I post in-progress works and other tidbits on my facebook page.
I've recently cleaned a ton of posts out of this blog and will be posting only finished works and an occasional work in progress photo, otherwise I'll keep all the other stuff and sneak peeks of finished works over on my facebook page.


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Read what other Viator.com travelers think about the Novgorod Small-Group Tour from St Petersburg. What they loved, what they liked and what they think could be improved, it's all here to help you make the most of your next trip.
Click here for tour details, schedule and pricing
A closer understanding to what life used to be with wonderful church.
Fabulous trip - unfortunately due to the fact it is some distance from St Petersburg, there is a lot of driving there and back. We were fortunate to have a guide and driver to ourselves and we thought the trip very worthwhile, the place has a fascinating history and we spent a lot of time walking around the Kremlin and had the best lunch on our trip to Russia - our guide found it. Would recommend the trip.
The guide was good...knowledgeable and personable in general. However, she complained about the long drive to Novgorod which was somewhat dampening since we were excited to see countryside and the dachas.The driver on the other hand was terrible...they hired a cab and the driver drove too fast, got a speeding ticket and caused a fender-bender. If you have to use this tour company (it was the only option for Novgorod), be firm about a decent driver. Otherwise, use a different operator.


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Power Transmission Services
Testing & Product Development
Find Your CustomerCare RepresentativeTo find a CustomerCare representative within the continental United States, use the links shown on the map below. You'll be taken to a page that lists the specific contact details and hours for your area.
West | West Central | Southwest | East Central | Southeast | Mid-Atlantic | Northeast Latin American Esp | Europe, Middle East and Africa | Asia Pacific, Australia and JapanAny other Worldwide Locations


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Send us your interest if this course is currently not offered or the current schedule does not accomodate your schedule. It is often necessary to understand interest a semester in advance for planning and scheduling. Companies and organizations can often request a course if the group is large enough. This doesn't mean that we can make accommodations in every case. However, we will utilize and maximize our available resources as best as we can. Thanks for letting us know your interests and we will respond as soon as we can.
Basic Microbiology
This course introduces students to the basics of microbiology and cells. Topics include the description and identification of cell types, parts of a cell and their functions, a basic introduction into the Krebs cycle (The Citric Acid Cycle) and the effects of metabolism on cell growth, and photosynthesis concepts. Upon completion, students should be able to demonstrate an understanding of what makes the ideal conditions for cell growth and why these conditions are important to the biomanufacturing industry. Topics include what cells are, microscope basics, types of cells, cell composition, life cycle of a cell culture, cellular reproduction, keeping cells alive, cellular metabolism, cell molecules, genes, and proteins.
Currently, there are no upcoming courses.


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Polyimide oligomers include (1) linear, mono-functional crosslinking oligomers prepared by condensing a monoanhydride end cap with a diamine that includes alternating ether and "sulfone" (--SO2 --, --S--, --CO--, --(CF3)2 C--, or --(CH3)2 C--) linkages connecting alternating aromatic radicals and with a dianhydride (or dianhydride mixture), particularly the unsaturated, aliphatic dianhydride commonly known as MCTC; (2) linear, mono- or difunctional crosslinking oligomers prepared by condensing an amine end cap with a diamine and a dianhydride; and (3) multidimensional, crosslinking oligomers having an aromatic hub and at least three radiating arms connected to the hub, each arm including a crosslinking end cap at its distal end and at least one imide linkage.
Blends, prepregs, and composites can be prepared from the oligomers. The blends are prepared by mixing miscile solutions of the oligomer and a noncrosslinking polyimide polymer to forma lacquer which is then swept out into a fabric to form a polyimide blend prepreg.
Multidimensional oligomers can be prepared using etheranhydride intermediates or etheramine intermediates formed by reacting a suitable hub with nitrophthalic anhydride or aminophenol.
1. A method of making prepreg with a blend of polyimides, the blend having a polyimide oligomer and a polyimide polymer, the oligomer having crosslinking terminal end caps, the polymer not having crosslinking terminal end caps, comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a first solution of the oligomer in a first solvent;
(b) forming a polymer solution of the polymer in a solvent that is the same as the first solvent or miscible with the first solvent and in which the oligomer also is soluble;
(c) mixing the first solution and polymer solution to form a lacquer; and
(d) applying the lacquer to a fabric to sweep out the blend into the fabric and to make a prepreg.
2. The prepreg obtained by the process of claim 1.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the oligomer includes an end cap selected from the group consisting of: ##STR36## wherein R1 =lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, aryl, substituted alkyl, aryloxy, or halogen;
j=0,1 or 2 ;
G=--SO2 --, --CH2 --, --S--, or --O--; and
E=methallyl or allyl.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent is the same solvent as the second solvent.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the oligomer is linear.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the oligomer has multidimensional morphology.
7. The method of claim 3 wherein the oligomer is linear and wherein the oligomer has two end caps at each end of its backbone.
8. The method of claim 3 wherein the oligomer is multidimensional and wherein the oligomer has two end caps at the end of each arm.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the fabric includes carbon fiber.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the laquer contains substantially an equimolar mixture of the oligomer and polymer.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the oligomer and polymer have the same repeating diamine and dianhydride residues in their backbones.
12. The product of the method of claim 10.
13. A composite made by curing the product of claim 2.
14. A composite made by curing the product of claim 9.
15. A method of making a prepreg with a blend of polyimides, the blend having a polyimide oligomer and a polyimide polymer, the oligomer having crosslinking terminal end caps, the polymer not having crosslinking terminal end caps, comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a first solution of the oligomer in a first solvent;
(b) forming a polymer solution of the polymer in a solvent that is the same as the first solvent or miscible with the first solvent and in which the oligomer also is soluble;
(c) mixing the first solution and the polymer solution to form a lacquer; and
(d) applying the lacquer to a fiber reinforcement to form a prepreg.
16. A prepreg obtained by the method of claim 15.
This application is a divisional Application based upon U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/232,682, filed Apr. 25, 1994, now U.S. Pat No. 5,516,876; which is a division of U.S. patent application Ser No. 07/980,109, filed Nov. 23, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,344,894; which is a continuation of U.S. patent application No. 07/568,911, filed Aug. 13, 1990, now abandoned; which is a division of application Ser. No. 07/046,376 filed May 4, 1987, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part application based on U.S. patent application Ser. No. 06/715,801, filed Mar. 22, 1985, now abandoned; which was a continuation-in-part application based on U.S. patent application Ser. No. 06/536,264 filed Sep. 27, 1983, now abandoned. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/046,376 was also a continuation-in-part application based upon U.S. patent application Ser. No. 06/810,818, filed Dec. 17, 1985, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to a method for making a blend of a polyester and linear and multidimensional polyimide oligomers that include mono- or difunctional crosslinking end cap (terminal) groups. Cured composites of these blends display improved toughness, solvent-resistance, and thermal stability. The oligomers include backbones comprised of alternating residues of diamines and dianhydrides. The diamines generally include aryl radicals linked by alternating ether and "sulfone" linkages. The dianhydrides may include unsaturated aliphatic radicals. MCTC is a preferred dianhydride, if the oligomer is a linear, thermoplastic polyimide.
Blends are prepared from mixtures of the crosslinking oligomers and a compatible, noncrosslinking, comparable polymer, generally being substantially equimolar mix.
Thermosetting resins that are commonly used in fiber-reinforced composites cannot be reshaped after thermoforming. Errors in forming cannot be corrected, so these thermosetting resins are undesirable in many applications.
Although thermoplastic resins are well known the use of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resins is a relatively, new art. Fiber toughens and stiffens the thermoplastic resin to produce high-performance composite products. A sheet of fiber-reinforced resin can be heated and then stamped into a desired shape with appropriate dies. The shape can be altered thereafter, if desired.
Thermoplastic resins commonly have a tendency to be weakened by organic solvents. Accordingly, circuit boards formed from conventional, fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin composites usually cannot be cleaned with solvents that are commonly used in the aerospace industry. In structural aircraft applications, care must also be taken to eliminate contact between the composites and hydraulic or cleaning fluids. At moderate or high temperatures, many fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites lose their abilities to carry load due to softening of the resin. Thus, improved thermal stability and solvent-resistance are desirable to fulfill the existing needs for advanced composites. The oligomers of the present invention provide such polyimide composites when they are cured.
Recently, chemists have sought to synthesize oligomers for high performance advanced composites suitable for aerospace applications. These composites should exhibit solvent resistance, toughness, impact resistance, processibility, and strength, and should be thermoplastic. Oligomers and composites that have thermo-oxidative stability and, accordingly, can be used at elevated temperatures are particularly desirable.
While epoxy-based composites are suitable for many applications, their brittle nature and susceptibility to degradation make them inadequate for many aerospace applications, especially those applications which require thermally stable, tough composites. Accordingly, research has recently focused on polyimide composites to achieve an acceptable balance between thermal stability, solvent resistance, and toughness. Still the maximum temperature for use of the polyimide composites, such as PMR-15, are about 600�-625� F., since they have glass transition temperatures of about 690� F.
There has been a progression of polyimide sulfone compounds synthesized to provide unique properties or combinations of properties. For example, Kwiatkowski and Brode synthesized maleic capped linear polyarylimides as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,839,287. Holub and Evans synthesized maleic or nadic capped imido-substituted polyester compositions as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,729,446. We synthesized thermally stable polysulfone oligomers as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,476,184 or U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,559, and have continued to make advances with polyetherimidesulfones, polybenzoxazolesulfones, polybutadienesulfones, and "star" or "star-burst" multidimensional oligomers. We have shown surprisingly high glass transition temperatures yet reasonable processibility and desirable physical properties in many of these oligomers and their composites.
Polybenzoxazoles, such as those disclosed in our U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,965,336 and 4,868,270, may be used at temperatures up to about 750�-775� since these composites have glass transition temperatures of about 840� F. Some aerospace applications need composites which have even higher use temperatures while maintaining toughness, solvent resistance, processibility, formability, strength, and impact resistance.
Multidimensional oligomers, such as disclosed in our copending applications U.S. Ser. No. 810,817 and 000,605, have superior processibility over some advanced composite oligomers since they can be handled at lower temperatures. Upon curing, however, the phenylimide end caps crosslink so that the thermal resistance of the resulting composite is markedly increased with only a minor loss of stiffness, matrix stress transfer (impact resistance), toughness, elasticity, and other mechanical properties. Glass transition temperature above 950� F. are achievable.
Commercial polyesters, when combined with well-known diluents, such as styrene, do not exhibit satisfactory thermal and oxidative resistance to be useful for aircraft or aerospace applications. Polyarylesters are often unsatisfactory, also since the resins often are semicrystalline which may makes them insoluble in laminating solvents, intractable in fusion, and subject to shrinking or warping during composite fabrication. Those polyarylesters that are soluble in conventional laminating solvents remain so in composite form, thereby limiting their usefulness in structural composites. The high concentration of ester groups contributes to resin strength and tenacity, but also makes the resin susceptible to the damaging effects of water absorption. High moisture absorption by commercial polyesters can lead to distortion of the composite when it is loaded at elevated temperature.
High performance, aerospace,polyester advanced composites, however, can be prepared using crosslinkable, end capped polyester imide ether sulfone oligomers that have an acceptable combination of solvent resistance, toughness, impact resistance, strength, processibility, formability, and thermal resistance. By including Schiff base (--CH═N--), imidasole, thiazole, or oxazole linkages in the oligomer chain, the linear, advanced composites formed with polyester oligomers of our copending application U.S. Ser. No. 726,259 can have semiconductive or conductive properties when appropriately doped.
Conductive and semiconductive plastics have been extensively studied (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,375,427; 4,338,222; 3,966,987; 4,344,869; and 4,344,870), but these polymers do not possess the blend of properties which are essential for aerospace applications. That is, the conductive polymers do not possess the blend of (1) toughness, (2) stiffness, (3) elasticity, (4) processibility, (5) impact resistance (and other matrix stress transfer capabilities), (6), retention of properties over a broad range of temperatures, and (7) high temperatures resistance that is desirable on aerospace advanced composites. The prior art composites are often too brittle.
Thermally stable multidimensional oligomers having semiconductive or conductive properties when doped with suitable dopants are also known and are described in our copending applications (including U.S. Ser. No. 773,381 to Lubowitz, Sheppard and Torre). The linear am of the oligomers contain conductive linkages, such as Schiff base (--N═CH--) linkages, between aromatic groups. Sulfone and ether linkages are interspersed in the arms. Each arm is terminated with a mono- or difunctional end cap to allow controlled crosslinking upon heat-induced or chemical-induced curing.
The present invention provides a series of thermoplastic resins or oligomers that produce composites resistant to attack by organic solvents. These preferred resins generally have linear backbones for improved thermal stability and are capped and crosslinked at the ends of the chains by thermal and/or chemical activation to provide improved solvent resistance. Imide linkages along the polymer backbone contribute to the ability of the resins to carry mechanical loads at moderately high temperatures. Sulfone (--SO2 --) or other electronegative linkages between aromatic groups provide improved toughness. The preferred resins resist chemical stress corrosion, can be thermoformed, and are chemically stable, especially against oxidation. Processible at temperatures as low as about 150�-200� F., the preferred oligomers generally include unsaturated aliphatic residues created by the condensation of aliphatic dianhydrides, like MCTC, with ethersulfone diamines of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar=an aromatic radical;
L=an electronegative linkage selected from the group consisting of --SO2 --, --S--, --CO--, --(CF3)2 C--, or --(CH3)2 C--; and
m=a small integer greater than or equal to 1.
These crosslinkable, thermoplastic oligomers are formed by mixing together and reacting in a solvent under an inert atomosphere:
1) 2 moles of a monoanhydride end cap;
2) n+1 moles of the diamine; and,
3) n moles of the dianhydride;
wherein n is selected so that the oligomer has an average molecular weight between about 5,000 and 40,000, preferably between about 10,000 and 35,000, and more preferably between 20,000 and 30,000. In these ranges, the oligomer will have thermoplastic characteristics.
Similar oligomers can be prepared by the condensation of 2 moles of an amine end cap with n moles of the diamine and n+1 moles of the dianhydride.
Preferred monoanhydride end caps have the formula: ##STR2## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## wherein R1 =any of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, aryl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl (including in either case hydroxyl or halo-substituents on replaceable hydrogens), aryloxy, or halogen;
j=0, 1, or 2;
G═--CH2 --, --S--, --O--, or --SO2 --;
E=allyl or methallyl; and
Me=methyl (--CH3).
These monoanhydride end caps yield monofunctional crosslinking end caps that have one crosslink at each end of the oligomer when the oligomers cure.
Preferred amine end caps have monofunctional or difunctional crosslinking potential, and have the general formula: ##STR4## wherein X is as defined above, and n=1 or 2. These amine end caps are readily prepared by reacting the monoanhydrides with phenylene dimaine or triaminobenzene.
Multidimensional polyimide oligomers include an aromatic hub (such as benzene) and three or more substantially identical radiating arms, each arm including one or more imide linkages and a mono- or difunctional crosslinking end cap. Multidimensional oligomers have surprisingly high use temperatures, often well above their curing temperatures, thereby providing superior advanced composites having comparable processing characteristics to conventional oligomers or resins.
The multidimensional oligomers can also be prepared through an etheranhyride intermediate hub of the general formula: ##STR5## or an etheramine intermediate hub of the general formula: ##STR6## wherein Ar=an aromatic radical, and
w=an integer greater than or equal to 3, and, preferably, 3 or 4.
Blends of multidimensional oligomers can also be prepared.
The etheranhydride intermediate can be prepared, for example, by reacting ##STR7## (i.e. phloroglucinol) with nitrophtalic anhydride. The etheramine intermediate can be prepared, for example, by reacting tribromobenzene with aminophenol. Those skilled in the art will recognize the general applicability of the processes to prepare analogous intermediates from corresponding hydroxy- and halo- substituted hubs.
Blends comprise mixtures of an oligomer and a compatible, noncrosslinking, comparable polymer. The blend will generally comprise substantially equimolar amounts of the oligomer and polymer. The polymer will generally have the same backbone structure and length as the oligomer, including the identical residues of diamines and dianhydrides. The polymers, however, are uncapped or preferably, are quenched with benzoic anhydride or aniline. Blends can be prepared by mixing miscible solutions of the oligomers and polymers.
Prepregs and composites are the most preferred products of the oligomers and blends, although varnishes, films, and coatings can also be prepared.
Monofunctional, crosslinkable, thermoplastic oligomers of the present invention are formed by reacting:
1) 2 moles of a monoanhydride end cap;
2) n+1 moles of a diamine having terminal amino groups; and,
3) a moles of a dianhydride;
wherein n is selected so that the oligomer has an average molecular weight between 5,000 and 40,000. The reaction usually occurs by mixing all three reactants in a suitable solvent in the presence of an inert atmosphere. Heating the mixture increases the reaction rate. Excess diamine and dianhydride may be provided, although substantially stoichiometric amounts are preferred.
The average molecular weight of the resulting oligomer should be between 5,000 and 40,000 to provide thermoplastic character to the oligomer, but is preferably between about 10,000 and 35,000, and still more preferably between 20,000 and 30,000. Mixtures of capped oligomers may also be used. For example, an oligomer having a molecular weight of 10,000 may be mixed with one having a molecular weight of 30,000, or an oligomer having a molecular weight of 5,000 may be mixed with one having a molecular weight of 35,000 or 40,000.
Within the preferred range, the oligomers can be crosslinked to form polymers that are relatively easy to process, are tough, have impact resistance, and possess superior thermomechanical properties. When oligomers having molecular weights less than about 5,000 are cured by crosslinking the thermosetting character of the material is increased so that the ability of the material to be thermoformed is reduced or eliminated.
The monoanhydride preferably has the formula: ##STR8## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR9## wherein R1 =lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, aryl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl (including in each case hydroxyl or halo-substituents on replaceable hydrogens), aryloxyl or halogen;
j=0, 1, or 2;
G═--SO2 --, --CH2 --, --S--, or --O--; and
E=methallyl or allyl.
Preferred diamines have the formula: ##STR10## wherein R and R' are aromatic radicals, at least one of R and R' being a diaryl radical wherein the aryl rings are joined by a "sulfone" linkage, and q is an integer from 0 to 27 inclusive. Preferably R is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR11## wherein L═--S2 --, --(CF3)2 C--, or --S--. R' is preferably selected from the group consisting of: ##STR12## wherein M═--SO2 --, --S--, --O--, --(CH3)2 C--, or --(CF3)2 C--.
Each aryl group may include substituents for the replaceable hydrogens, the substituents being selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl groups having 1-4 carbon atoms, and alkoxy groups having 1-4 carbon atoms. Although the para-isomers are shown (and the resulting molecules are linear), meta-isomers may be used to form ribbon-like chains. The isomers (para- and meta-) may be mixed.
Preferred diamines are those in which R is ##STR13## and R- is ##STR14## Accordingly, the diamines generally contain at least one phenoxyphenylsulfone group, such as: ##STR15## These diamines have alternating ether and "sulfone" linkages, wherein "sulfone" designates an electronegative linkage (--M--) as previously defined.
The molecular weights of the preferred aryl diamines described above very from approximately 500-10,000. The amino groups and other substituents can be positioned either para or meta, as previously discussed. Lower molecular weight diamines are preferred.
In these monofunctional, thermoplastic, crosslinkable oligomers, the dianhydride preferably is 5-(2,5-diketotetrahydrofuryl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride (MCTC), an unsaturated, aliphatic dianhydride.
The diamines and dianhydrides react to form repeating imide linkages along the generally linear backbone of the oligomers. Preferred properties in the oligomer are obtained when the backbone is periodically disrupted by the inclusion an aliphatic moiety, especially an MCTC residue.
Diamines which include phenoxyphenylsulfone are preferred, since these diamines provide the blend of physical properties in the oligomers which are desired. Impact resistance and toughness is afforded with the "sulfone" linkages which act as joints or swivels between the aryl groups. The aliphatic residues, such as MCTC, provide lower melt temperatures, and allow the use of lower temperature end caps, such as oxynadic and dimethyl oxynadic (DOHA) end caps. The resulting oligomers cure at lower temperatures than other solvent-resistant oligomers, have the desirable features of polyimides, and have better solvent-resistance than conventional polyimides such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,998,748 or 3,897,395 (D'Alelio).
Oligomers of the present invention may be used to form prepregs by the conventional method of impregnating a suitable fabric with a mixture of the oligomer and a solvent. Suitable coreactants, such as R-phenylenediamine, benzidine, and 4,4'-methylenedianiline, may be added to the solvent when preparing prepregs, especially those having maleic end caps.
The prepregs may be cured by conventional vacuum bag techniques to crosslink the end cape. Temperatures suitable for curing are in the range of 150�-650� F. The resulting product is a cured, thermally stable, solvent-resistant composite. The crosslinked oligomer may also be used as an adhesive without curing. Such adhesives may be filled, if desired.
The combination of monoanhydride, diamine, and dianhydride for oligomers of the present invention can be selected to achieve an oligomer having a desired thermal stability (use temperature) within a relatively wide range. For example, oxynadic anhydride and dimethyl oxynadic anhydride have lower activation temperatures (generally around 400�-450� F.) and are best suited in oligomers which melt at or near this temperature range. Nadic anhydride or methyl nadic anhydride have intermediate activation temperatures (around 600�-650� F.) and are best suited for use in oligomers with melt (glass transition) temperatures near this range. Acetylenic phenyl anhydrides have higher activation temperatures (around 650�-700� F.) and are, accordingly, preferred for use with the higher melting oligomers. It is important that the oligomer flow near the curing (activation) temperature of the end caps. Use of an unsaturated, aliphatic dianhydride, such as MCTC, with electronegative "sulfone" linkages reduces the melt temperatures sufficiently, to allow use of oxynadic anhydride and dimethyl oxynadic anhydride end caps in otherwise aryl sulfone backbone oligomers.
Nadic anhydride end caps can be used with BTDA (benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride). Acetylenic phenyl anhydride end caps can be used with MCTC.
For the thermoplastic regime with melt temperatures of about 200� F. or less, it is important to use an unsaturated, aliphatic dianhydride like MCTC to provide the lowered melt temperature of the oligomer. Although the "sulfone" linkages draw electrons from the stable aromatic rings (and thereby reduce their thermal stability), the lower bond energies associated with aliphatic radicals are important for achieving the desired properties in the monofunctional, crosslinkable, thermoplastic oligomers (prepregs, end composites) of the present invention. The unsaturated carbon-carbon bond of the aliphatic dianhydride residue provides a flat segment of the polyimide between its adjacent imide linkages while the diamine residues include "sulfone" swivels rather than fixed orientations.
Similar oligomers to those just described can be prepared by condensation of amines, diamines, dianhydrides. Difunctional, crosslinkable oligomers can be prepared in this synthesis, thereby improving the solvent-resistance and thermal stability. Such oligomers are synthesized by condensing:
2 soles of an amine end cap;
n moles of a diamine; and
n+1 moles of a dianhydride,
wherein n is selected so that the oligomers exhibit thermoplastic properties, as previously explained.
The amine end caps have the general formula: ##STR16## wherein X is as previously defined for the monoanhydrides and n =1 or 2. These amine end caps can be prepared by reacting the monoanhydrides with phenylene diamine or triaminobenzene.
The difunctional crosslinkable oligomers are a new class of polyimides that are believed to exhibit better thermomechanical properties than other capped or uncapped polyimides. When cured, the difunctional caps double the number of crosslinks that form, thereby stabilizing the composites and increasing the solvent resistance.
The difunctional crosslinking polyimides constitute a broader class of oligomers than the corresponding class of monofunctional polyimides. That is, the diamines and dianhydrides for this difunctional class can be drawn from a broader list, and can include, typically, any aromatic or aliphatic diamine or dianhydride. Lower molecular weight aromatic diamines and dianhydrides are preferred.
To this end, the diamine mat be selected from the group consisting of: ##STR17## wherein R1 = ##STR18## q=--SO2 --, --CO--, --S--, or --(CF3)2 C --, and preferably --SO2 --or --CO--;
m=an integer, generally less than 5, and preferably 0 or 1; and
D=any of --CO--, --S2 --, or --(CF3)2 C--.
Other diamines that may be used, but that are not preferred, include those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,504,632; 4,058,505; 4,576,857; 4,251,417; and 4,251,418. The aryl or polyaryl ether "sulfone" diamines previously described are preferred, since these diamines provide high termal stability to the resulting oligomers and composites. Mixtures of diamines might be used.
When the diamine has the formula: ##STR19## R1 is generally selected from the group consisting of: ##STR20## wherein W=--SO2 --, --S--, or --(CF3)2 C--; and
R2 is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR21## or mixtures thereof, wherein E, E1, E2 and E3 each represent substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and "a" and "b" are each an integer having a value of 0 to 4.
Particularly preferred compounds are those in which
R1 is ##STR22## and R2 is ##STR23## so that the phenoxphenyl sulfone diamines include: ##STR24##
The molecular weights of these diamines can be varied from approximately 500 to about 2000. Using lower molecular weight diamines enhances the mechanical properties of the difunctional polyimide oligomers, each of which preferably has alternating ether "sulfone" segments in the backbones as indicated above.
Phenoxphenyl sulfone diamines of this general nature can be prepared by reacting two moles of aminophenol with (n+1) moles of an aryl radical having terminal, reactive halide functional groups (dihalogens), such as 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone, and n moles of a suitable bisphenol (dihydroxy aryl compounds). The bisphenol is preferably selected from the group consisting of:
2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane ( i.e., bisphenol-A);
or mixtures thereof, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,262,914. Bisphenols having aromatic character (i.e., absence of aliphatic segements), such as bisphenol A, are preferred.
The dihalogens in this circumstance preferably are selected from the group consisting of: ##STR25## wherein X=halogen, preferably chlorine; and
q=--S--, --SO1 --, --CO--, --(CH3)2 C--, and --(CF3)2 C--,
and preferably either --SO2 --or --CO--.
The condensation reaction creates diamine ethers that ordinarily include intermediate "sulfone" linkages. The condensation generally occurs through a phenate mechanism in the presence of K2 CO3 or another base in a DMSO/toluene solvent.
While para isomerization is shown, other isomers are possible. Furthermore, the aryl groups can have substituents, if desired, such as halogen, lower alkyl up to about 4 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy up to about 4 carbon atoms, or aryl. Substituents may create steric hindrance problems in synthesizing the oligomers or in crosslinking the oligomers into the final composites.
The grain size of the K2 CO3 (s) should fall within the 100-250 ANSI mesh range.
The dianhydride used in the polyimide synthesis preferably is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) pyromellitic dianhydride,
(b) benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), and
(c) 5-(2,5-diketotetrahydrofuryl)-3-methylcyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride (MCTC), but may be any aromatic or aliphatic dianhydride, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,504,632; 4,577,034; 4,197,397; 4,251,417; 4,251,418; or 4,251,420. Mixtures of dianhydrides might be used. Lower molecular weight dianhydrides are preferred, and MCTC or other aliphatic dianhydrides are the most preferred for the lower curing difunctional polyimides, as previously described.
Blended oligomers suitable for composites can be made by blending a substantially equimolar amount of a comparable polymer that is incapable of crosslinking with the crosslinkable oligomers. These blends merge the desired properties of crosslinking oligomers and noncrosslinking polymers to provide tough, yet processible, resin blends. The comparable polymer is usually synthesized by condensing the same diamine of the crosslinking oligomer with the same dianhydride of the crosslinking oligomer and quenching the polymerization with a suitable terminating group. In this way, the comparable oligomer has the identical backbone to that of the crosslinkable oligomer but does not have the crosslinkable end caps. Generally the terminating group will be a simple anhydride, such as benzoic anhydride, added to the diamine and dianhydride to quench the polymerization and to achieve an average formula weight for the comparable oligomer substantially equal to that of the crosslinkable oligomer. The oligomer-may have mono- or difunctional crosslinking end caps.
Impact resistance of the cured composites formed from prepregs of the oligomers can be increased without deleterious loss of solvent resistance by forming the prepregs with a blend of capped oligomers to provide crosslinking upon curing and uncapped polymers. A 50-50 molar blend of oligomer and polymer is preferably formed by dissolving the capped oligomer in a suitable first solvent, dissolving the uncapped polymer in a separate portion of the same solvent or in a solvent miscible with the first solvent, mixing the two solvent solutions to form a lacquer, and applying the lacquer to fabric in a conventional prepregging process.
Although the polymer in the blend usually has the same length backbone as the oligomer, the properties of the composite formed from the blend can be adjusted by altering the ratio of formula weights for the polymer and oligomer. The terminal groups of the polymer are unimportant so long as these groups do not react with or impede the crosslinking of the oligomer end caps. Also, it is probably nonessential that the oligomer and polymer have identical repeating units, but that the oligomer and polymer merely be compatible in the mixed solution or lacquer prior to sweeping out the blend as a prepreg. Of course, if the polymer and oligomer have identical backbones, compatibility in the blend is more likely to occur.
Prepregs of the oligomers or blends can be prepared by conventional techniques. While woven fabrics are the typical reinforcement, the fibers can be continuous or discontinuous (in chopped or whisker form) and may be ceramic, organic, carbon (graphite), or glass, as suited for the desired application.
Composites can be formed by curing the oligomers or prepregs in conventional vacuum bag techniques. The oligomers can also be used as adhesives, varnishes, films, or coatings.
The most preferred linear polyimides are prepared with dianhydrides selected from para- and meta- dianhydrides of the general formula: ##STR26## wherein M═--SO2 -- or --CO--, reacted with ##STR27## Thermal stabilities in excess of 800� F. are believed to be achievable with these oligomers.
Polyimides having multidimensional morphology can he prepared by condensing the diamines, dianhydrides, and end caps with a suitable amine hub, such as triaminobenzene. For example, triaminobenzene can be reacted with MCTC and any amine end cap to produce a multidimensional, crosslinkable polyimide possessing mono- or difunctional crosslinking capability. The diamines can be used for chain extension of each arm. Short arms of relatively low formula weight are preferred. The multidimensional oligomers have surprisingly high thermal stabilities upon curing.
Suitable hubs include aromatic compounds having at least three amine functionalities. Such hubs include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, azalinyl amines, (including melamine radicals) or triazine derivatives described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,574,154 of the general formula: ##STR28## wherein R2 is a divalent hydrocarbon residue containing 1-12 carbon atoms (and, preferably, ethylene).
Additional hubs for these multidimensional polyimides can be prepared by reacting the corresponding hydroxy-substituted hub (such as phloroglucinol) with nitrophthalic anhydride to form trianhydride compounds represented by the formula: ##STR29## The trianhydride can then be reacted (1) with an amine end cap to form etherimide, multidimensional oligomers or (2) with suitable diamines, dianhydrides, monoanhydride end caps, or amine end caps to form multidimensional polyimides with extended am lengths.
Yet another class of hubs can be formed by reacting the corresponding halo-hub (such as tribromobenzene) with aminophenol to form triamine compounds represented by the formula: ##STR30## These triamine hubs can be reacted with monoanhydride end caps to form "star" oligomers having three crosslinking sites, or with suitable dianhydrides, mono- or difunctional crosslinking amine end caps, and diamines, if difunctional crosslinking or extended arm lengths are desired. The use of amine end caps allows six crosslinking sites to be incorporated into the ("star-burst") oligomers.
The best results are likely to occur when the arm length is as short as possible and the oligomer has six crosslinking sites. The most preferred hub includes the phenyl radical, since these compounds are relatively inexpensive, are more readily obtained, and provide oligomers with high thermal stability.
Even higher thermal stabilities then those previously described for the linear polymides are believed to be achievable with the multidimensional oligomers, particularly with those of the general formula: ##STR31## wherein X is as previously defined.
Blends of the multidimensional oligomers are possible, but these compounds are not preferred. Such a blend might include ##STR32## with an equimolar mixture of ##STR33## Those skilled in the art will recognize other blends that can be prepared.
Solvent resistant, thermoplastic aromatic poly(imide- sulfone) oligomers are also described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,398,021 and 4,489,027.
Melt-fusible polyimides made by the condensation of dianhydrides and diamines are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,485,140.
The following examples are presented to better illustrate various features of the invention.
Synthesis of ##STR34## wherein m has an average value greater than 1. (Average Molecular Weight 5000)
In a 1 liter flask fitted with a stirrer, thermometer, Barrett trap, condenser, and N2 inlet tube, 8.04 g (0,074 moles) p-aminophenol, 86.97 g (0.38 moles) bisphenol A, 281.22 g dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and 167.40 g toluene were mixed and stirred. After purging with dry nitrogen, 67.20 g of a 50% solution of sodium hydroxide was added, and the temperature was raised to 110�-120� C. The water was removed from the toluene azeotrope, and then the toluene, until the temperature reached 160� C. The reaction mixture was cooled to 110� C., and 120 g (0.42 moles) 4,4' dichlorodiphenylsulfone as a solid was added. The mixture was reheated to 160� C. and held there for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered to remove sodium chloride, which precipitated, and the product was coagulated in a blender from a 2% sodium hydroxide solution containing 1% sodium sulfite. The oligomer was recovered from the solution by washing the coagulate with 1% sodium sulfite.
Additional methods for preparing phenoxyphenylsulfones of this general type are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,839,287 and 3,988,374.
Synthesis of polyimide oligomers using the diamine of Example 1, nadic anhydride, and BTDA. (Average Formula Weight 15,000)
A one liter reaction flask fitted with a stirrer, condenser, thermometer, and a dry N2 purge was charged with a 60% slurry of 283.64 g (0.057 moles) of the diamine of Example 1 in 189.09 g tetrahydrofuran. In an ice bath, a 10% solution of the mixed anhydrides 6.57 g (0.04 moles) nadic anhydride and 11.84 g (0.03 moles) 3,3'-4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA)! in 165.61 g tetrahydrofuran was gradually added. After stirring for 15 min. in the ice bath, the bath was removed and stirring continued for 2 hr. The oligomer was recovered thereafter.
The formula weight of the oligomer can be adjusted by adjusting the proportions of reactants and the reaction scheme, as will be known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Synthesis of ##STR35## (Average Formula Weight 2,000)
A one liter flask was fitted with a stirrer, thermometer, Barrett trap, condenser, and N2 inlet tube inlet tube and charged with 10.91 g (0.1 moles) of p-aminophenol, 40.43 g moles) bisphenol A, 168.6 g , and 79.23 g toluene. After purging with nitrogen, 36.42 g of a 50% solution of sodium hydroxide was added, and the temperature was raised to 110�-120� C. to remove the water from the toluene azeotrope, and then to distill off the toluene until the temperature reached 160� C. The reaction mixture was cooled to 110� C., and 65.22 g (0.23 moles) 4,4' dichlorodiphenylsulfone as a solid was added. The mixture was heated to 160� C. and held there for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered to remove sodium chloride. A coagulate was formed in a blender by adding 2% sodium hydroxide solution containing 1% sodium sulfite. The coagulate was removed and washed with 1% sodium sulfite.
Synthesis of polyimide oligomers using the diamine of Example 3, nadic anhydride, and BTDA. (Average Formula Weight 15,000)
The procedure followed in Example 2 was used, except that a suitable amount of diamine of Example 3 was used instead of the diamine of Example 1.
Synthesis of polyimide oligomers using the diamine of Example 1, nadic anhydride, and a 50:50 mixture of BTDA and MCTC (Average Formula Weight 20,000)
The procedure followed in Example 2 is used, except that a suitable amount of the BTDA and MCTC mixture was used as the dianhydride.
Synthesis of a diamine of Example 1 (Average Formula Weight of 10,000).
The procedure followed in Example 1 is used, except that 2.18 g (0.02 moles) of p-aminophenol, 49.36 g (0.216 moles) of bisphenol A, 64.96 g (0.226 moles) of 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl-sulfone were used.
Synthesis of polyimide oligomers using the diamine of Example 6, nadic anhydride, and MCTC. (Average Formula Weight 20,440)
The procedure followed in Example 2 was used except that the diamine of Example 6, nadic anhydride, and MCTC were used as the reactants.
The oligomers obtained in Examples 2, 4, 5 and 7 were impregnated on epoxy-sized T300/graphite fabric style (Union Carbide 35 million modulus fiber 24�24 weave) by first obtaining a 10 to 40% solution of resin in tetrahydrofuran. The solutions were then coated onto the dry graphite fabric to form prepregs with 38 wt. % resin. The prepregs were allowed to dry under ambient conditions to less than 1 percent volatile content, were then cut into 6�6-inch pieces, and were stacked to obtain a consolidated composite of approximately 0.080 inch. The stacks of prepregs were then vacuum bagged and consolidated under 100 psi in an autoclave heated for a sufficient time to induce cure. For nadic anhydride capped systems, such as in Examples 2, 4, 5 and 7, the prepregs were cured for 1-2 hours at 650� F. For dimethyl oxynadic anhydride capped systems, the prepregs were cured for 16 hours at 450� F.
Graphite fabric prepregs, at 36 percent resin solids, were prepared using the resins of Example 2, 4, 5 and 7 by solvent impregnation from dilute tetrahydrofuran solution. The graphite fabric was spread on a release film of FEP. The prepregging solution (having approximately 10-40 wt. % oligomer) was swept into the fabric and allowed to dry. The procedure was repeated on alternating sides of the fabric, until the desired weight of resin had been applied. The prepregs were then dried 2 hours at 275� F. in an air-circulating oven.
Seven piles of each prepreg were stacked, double-wrapped in release-coated 2-mil Kapton film, and sealed in a vacuum bag for curing. Each stack was placed in an autoclave at 200 psi and were heated to about 650� F. at a rate of 5�-6� F./min. Upon reaching 650� F., the temperature was held substantially constant for about 1 hr to complete the cure.
Samples of the cured composites were machined into 1�0.5-inch coupons and placed in bottles containing methylene chloride. The samples were observed to determine if ply separation would occur. The composites remained intact, with only slight swelling after immersion for up to 2 months.
Each composite was machined into short beam shear specimens and tested at ambient conditions and 300� F. on a flexure testing fixture using three-point loading with the span being equal to four times the specimen thickness. Results of the testing are reported in Table I.
TABLE I______________________________________SUMMARY OF PROPERTIES OBTAINED WITH POLYIMIDESULFONE OLIGOMERS OF EXAMPLES 2, 4, 5 and 7Panel Approximate Resin Used Shear Strengths ksi atNumber FMW Example # RT 300 F.______________________________________1 15,000 2 6.5 7.02 15,000 4 7.06 5.793 20,000 2 6.98 4.25 6.53 5.874 20,000 5 7.75 4.685 20,440 7 6.87 5.21 7.28 5.15______________________________________
While preferred embodiments have been described, those skilled in the art will recognize modifications or variations which might be made without departing from the inventive concept. Therefore, the description and claims should be interpreted liberally with only such limitation as is necessary in view of the pertinent prior art.
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If turned into a 5 micron wire, about one twentieth the thickness of a human hair, all of the world's existing gold could be wrapped around the globe 7.2 million times.
Over 100 million people worldwide depend on gold mining for their livelihood.
Central banks bought 534.6 tonnes of gold in 2012 - the highest level since 1964.
In 2001, a remarkable feat was achieved when Boston Scientific's gold-plated stent (the Niroyal) was used for the first time in heart surgery. The stent is inserted in large arteries and veins to ensure the blood vessels stay open and adequate blood flow is available.
The Olympic gold medals awarded in 1912 were made entirely from gold. Currently, the gold medals just must be covered in six grams of gold.
Gold is chemically inert, which also explains why it never rusts and does not cause skin irritation.
Amid recession fears in March 2008, the price of gold topped $1,000 an ounce for the first time in history.
Gold is edible. Some Asian countries put gold in fruit, jelly snacks, coffee, and tea. Since at least the 1500s, Europeans have been putting gold leaf in bottles of liquor, such as DanzigerGoldwasser and Goldschlager. Some Native American tribes believed consuming gold could allow humans to levitate
The largest gold nugget ever found is the "Welcome Stranger" discovered by John Deason and Richard Oates in Australia on February 5, 1869. The nugget is 10 by 25 inches and yielded 2,248 ounces of pure gold. It was found just two inches below the ground surface.
The purity of gold is measured in carat weight. The term "carat" comes from "carob seed," which was standard for weighing small quantities in the Middle East. Carats were the fruit of the leguminous carob tree, every single pod of which weighs 1/5 of a gram (200 mg).
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What-does.net is your comprehensive online definition dictionary. If you are not sure how to define a certain word (Capricious, for example), our website can provide you with the appropriate definition. On this page, you can find what is the definition for Capricious.
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capricious - examples of usage
- The climate of St. Louis is capricious. - "The Crisis, Volume 6", Winston Churchill.
- The student felt interested by this account; he was leading rather a desultory life, and had all that capricious curiosity which springs up in idleness. - "Bracebridge Hall, or The Humorists", Washington Irving.
- We have no right to sacrifice the welfare of the animal to our capricious feelings. - "Practical Ethics", William DeWitt Hyde.


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The Vatican Prepares For The Election Of The Next Pope
St. Peter's Basilica is reflected in a rain puddle as the Vatican... News PhotoHorizontal,Human Interest,International Landmark,New,Pope,Preparation,Puddle,Rain,Religion,Spirituality,St. Peter's Basilica - The Vatican,State of the Vatican City,VaticanPhotographer Christopher FurlongCollection: Getty Images News 2013 Getty ImagesVATICAN CITY, VATICAN - MARCH 08: St. Peter's Basilica is reflected in a rain puddle as the Vatican prepares for a new pope on March 8, 2013 in Vatican City, Vatican. Cardinals are set to enter the conclave to elect a successor to Pope Benedict XVI after he became the first pope in 600 years to resign from the role. The conclave is scheduled to start on March 12 inside the Sistine Chapel and will be attended by 115 cardinals as they vote to select the 266th Pope of the Catholic Church. (Photo by Christopher Furlong/Getty Images)


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Gizmotastic reports on "Google's master plan to supplement the possible drop of original news" with the "Google News Drone."
These General Atomics Aeronautical Systems manufactured unmanned aircraft will be equipped with Nikon D3Xs and Sony HVR-Z7U 1080i HDV Camcorder to record the scene of the breaking news.
The Google News Drone will be dispatched by a new Google search algorithm made especially for the breaking news. The algorithm will be a blended mix of Google, Twitter and cellphone technologies. Whenever several people send out a Twitter message using the hashtag #NewsDrone, a GPS search will begin to find the location on Google Maps and route a Google News Drone in that direction. In Max Headroom fashion the News Drone will begin recording and broadcasting the news event. The existing newspaper will be able to use the Google News Drone generated news if they enter into an exclusive agreement with Google to run only Adsense advertising on their websites.


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Musician Stewart Sukuma calls for zero tolerance towards violence and sexual abuse against girls
Maputo province, November 2010 – The room was already full but more people were continuing to arrive. Seated, standing, crammed at the door, and wherever else there was space, dozens of voices came together in various tones to sing in chorus the best known compositions of Stewart Sukuma. This was the third in a series of concerts that the popular musician had scheduled in the urban areas and suburbs, so that nobody would be left out. And the audience seemed to swell all the time.
But suddenly, when least expected, Stewart interrupts the collective delirium, silencing at once all the instruments of the band. His voice then echoed firmly through the room, with a speech that surprised everybody.
"I'm happy to see that we're all having fun here. But when we go home, we also have our responsibilities", he said, gazing at each of those present. They were all soothed by the music they had just heard, whispering praises and comment on the performance of the singer and the band, and about the message of the songs sung in the various local languages of Mozambique's different provinces.
"In our country, girls are still subject to violence and sexual abuse at home, in schools, in the communities, which is a disgrace for all of us!" declared Stewart with a desolate expression. "Do we all know what the consequences are for girls?"
The audience fell suddenly silent, still trying to understand why this subject had been brought up here and at this time. The doubt only lasted a few seconds, because immediately the microphone was in demand as several people wanted to speak about the issue. Without knowing who to choose – since there were so many requests – Stewart eventually allowed an insistent girl sitting in front of him to speak.
"Violence and sexual abuse against women can cause physical and psychological traumas, early pregnancies, transmission of HIV and…" she was saying, as her voice was drowned in a noisy round of applause from the audience, who agreed with her response.
The debate continued, with youths and adults each putting forward their arguments. But the conclusion at the end was unequivocal: violence and sexual abuse against girls should be prevented at all cost, and zero tolerance should be shown to such behaviour!
And music again filled the crowded room with joy and dance. This has been one of the means used by Stewart Sukuma to make his many fans aware of violence against women. He believes the pledge against violence should be taken by everyone.
"Artists and public figures have great influence on society, and this should be made use of in order to promote behaviour change. Our role is fundamental in this regard", says Stewart categorically.
He raises awareness not only in the shows he gives, but through all the channels available to him such as the Facebook, Myspace and other internet blogs – he estimates that, taken as a whole, these reach more than 10,000 admirers and friends, who are virtually interlinked – and in the public interventions to which he has been invited.
Violence and sexual abuse against girls are phenomena of increasing concern in the country. A study held by the Ministry of Education in 2008 found that about 70 per cent of pupils said there were teachers who made passing from one grade to the next for girl pupils conditional on having sex with them. Half of the girls said that sexual abuse is also committed by male pupils. But it is not only in schools where girls can be vulnerable.
In 2009, more than 3,500 cases of violence against children – including sexual abuse – were reported to the police. However, the real number is probably much larger because tolerance from society has inhibited people from blowing the whistle on abusers, thus making it difficult to fight against this crime.
As part of the response, the Government and several partners, with the technical support of UNICEF, have been mobilising for a massive communication campaign to promote a culture of zero tolerance for violence and sexual abuse against girls in Mozambique. Several training actions have been held with media professionals and activists, and the message dissemination is already being scaled up through radio and television programmes, multimedia mobile units and community theatre. There is no time to lose!
"I hope that all artists, the press, teachers, parents, the communities, all of us join together to bring an end to violence and the sexual abuse of girls. We have to act now!" stresses Stewart Sukuma.
Since the beginning of this year, Stewart Sukuma has been collaborating formally with UNICEF in awareness initiatives and in mobilising other artists, private sector partners, and society in general to achieve the rights of children in Mozambique.


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Hotel rooms with shared kitchenette. Each room has sattelite TV, coffee pot and fridge as well. Full serve restaurant downstairs open Tuesday through Saturday. Meals available on Sunday and Monday by request.
The Ramada Weyburn is a newly built hotel that opened in August 2008. This Ramada location provides a free deluxe continental breakfast, free wired and
The Weyburn Canalta is easily accessible from (YQR-Regina International Airport .
Find the perfect accommodations for vacations, romantic weekends and adventurous getaways. Find the right accommodations for your travels, from budget to luxury!


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Drop files here to add tracks or artwork to your playlist
"And I walk around so mad at the world, but I'm really just fighting with myself. I don't want to fight anymore. I'm just too tired."
Songs for the girl, for the first time around from Florence and the Machine, Regina Spektor and The Vaccines


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Buy Tickets Women's Film Preservation Fund
Show From Series
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October 25, 2012
A rare, election-season screening of director Jenny Rohrer's remarkable documentary short Women's Voices: The Gender Gap about the different voting patterns of men and women. In person: Jenny Rohrer, co-producer Nancy Meyer and more! Read more »


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Third Times a Charm…25 Jan 2010, by Uncategorized in
In a few days I'm headed back to India and I find myself bursting at the seams with that anxious anticipation that always precedes something exciting and challenging. Getting there and getting re acclimated to the rhythm of Kolkata is going to be tough but I'm ready for it. I'll probably be eating those words in the near future when the city inevitably starts to wear me down but for now I'm psyched, re energized and ready to take the city on.
It's been a little over a year since my first trip to India with Made By Survivors and now I'm heading back as one of the leaders. Very cool! During our trip we will visit NGO's that are helping and working with survivors of human trafficking and sex slavery. Volunteers will have many opportunities to interact with and get to know survivors and those at risk. I can say from personal experience that their lives will be forever changed by it.
The fact that I get the opportunity to return and experience it again and on another level, is incredible. Visiting India is a rare treat. One that most people never get the chance to experience. And those that do are lucky if they get that chance once. This will be my third visit to the sub-continent, so I feel like I've won the lotto.
Even though the country is close to my heart I have to admit that I have a love/hate relationship with Mother India. It really can't be any other way. India, like many other countries in Asia, is a land of extreme contrasts. For example, the poverty is appalling and ,depending where you're at, impossible to escape. Yet some of the richest people in the world are from India and there are parts of the country that live very comfortably often yards from sprawling slums and shanty towns.
I'm also not looking forward to getting gawked at everywhere I go, but I think I'll deal with it better this time around. It can get really intense, especially when you're traveling in a big group like I'll be doing most of the time. I should seriously ask an Indian company if they want to pay me to advertise their products. I could wear a t-shirt or hat with their logo on it and more people will see it in one day then if they put it on tv. Seriously, it get's so bad at times that people start taking pics of you with their cell phones. So not kidding! lol
There are of course many splendid things about India. For starters the richness and diversity of it's cultural heritage is surely unsurpassed anywhere in the world. The vibrant colors of the food and the clothes jump out at you everywhere you go. And the mystical beauty of the temples and palaces can make even the most die hard atheist re evaluate their belief in nothing. You spend your time there suspended between two worlds. One of beauty and one of poverty. It's like experiencing a dream and a nightmare at the same time that you can't wake up from.
So I can't wait. I'm checking and rechecking to make sure I have everything and I'm getting myself prepped or the 14 hour flight. ahhh! However the week leading up to leaving is always the best time, so it's all good. Except of course when you have a little crisis. Something maybe like this…
The other day I chipped the front tooth of my dental bridge (yeah!-lol) so now I have a nice little chip that you can see when I smile. Not too much when I'm talking but now I'll be subconsciousness about smiling. Hate it! So, I didn't have the time to have it fixed here in the states before I leave so I have to get it fixed in India! Apparently India has a huge dental tourism industry and I can get the bridge fixed with the same quality as here in the US but at a cost 50-80% cheaper. I'm sure I'll have a few blog entries to make after that experience. LOL.
Stay tuned and keep checking back!
See you in Kolkata!


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Michael De Leon
Michael A. De Leon is a graphic designer by day, but wears many hats in his off time. In 2004, after several years of covering the Spurs, he started Project Spurs, a Spurs team fansite as an outlet to provide content to Spurs fans, while continuing to write for himself and learning the ins and outs of online publishing and web design. He has since built a writing team and started a popular weekly Spurs podcast called the Spurscast.
Monthly Archive for April, 2012
Lorbek nominated to All-Euroleague team
By Jeff Garcia, Project Spurs Congratulations goes out to Erazem Lorbek for being nominated to the 2011-2012 All-Euroleague team. Lorbek, who has been playing with FC Barcelona Regal in Spain for his stellar play this season. Check out what he has done to earn a nomination: Click HERE for the complete article at Project Spurs. [Read More]
Scouting the Trail Blazers: Limiting Hickson, Crawford, Batum key for Spurs
By Paul Garcia, Project Spurs It's the final home game of the regular season for the San Antonio Spurs (47-16) as they try to finish with only five losses in the AT&T Center, while also looking to push their seven-game winning streak up to eight. The Spurs will be hosting the Portland Trail Blazers, who […] [Read More]
Lakers' Byrant says he could've scored 50 points on Spurs
By Jeff Garcia, Project Spurs The San Antonio Spurs obliterated the Los Angeles Lakers in their final regular season matchup 121-97 and also spoiled the return of Kobe Bryant to the court after the Lakers' star was out of action due to a shin injury. In that game, Bryant scored 18 points but accoring to […] [Read More]
5 things to watch for in tonight's Spurs vs. Cavs matchup
By Jeff Garcia, Project Spurs The San Antonio Spurs (46-16) are set to host the Cleveland Cavaliers (21-41) in their final meeting of the season. The Spurs handed the Cavaliers a 125-90 loss earlier this season in Cleveland. In that game, San Antonio had six players scoring in double figures with Patty Mills leading the […] [Read More]
Toros' Dawson named D-League Impact Player of the Year
Austin Toros forward and native San Antonian Eric Dawson was named the D-League's Impact Player of the Year. It's been a long road to reach this kind of recognition for Dawson. A D-League veteran who has been with the Toros since 2007, Dawson got some exposure at the D-League Showcase last season, getting the attention […] [Read More]
5 things to watch for in tonight's Spurs vs. Lakers matchup
By Jeff Garcia, Project Spurs The San Antonio Spurs (45-16) will face the Los Angeles Lakers (40-23) for the final time during the regular season in San Antonio as both teams will look to take the series lead. The Spurs and Lakers have both split their first two meetings this season with both teams winning […] [Read More]
Parker reflects on his rookie season
By Kyle Boenitz, Project Spurs Yesterday I wrote a post about an interview with Tony Parker. In the interview TP talked about his relationship with Coach Pop and how it's progressed over the years. Parker said he's come a long way to get to where he is with his coach today. At the beginning it […] [Read More]
Manu's pregame ritual requires no Beats By Dre
By Trevor Zickgraf, Project Spurs Dr. Dre is a genius. He makes amazing music for himself and others, he brought 2pac back to life, he's transformed himself in to the most built producer in the business and he's done it naturally (wink, wink, elbow nudge). He's also turned players getting off a team bus in […] [Read More]
Pop says Duncan has been a 'thorn' in his side for 15 years
By Jeff Garcia, Project Spurs San Antonio Spurs head coach Gregg Popovich and Tim Duncan will forever be linked to one another long after their time in the NBA is over. Together they have won four NBA titles, kept San Antonio in title contention since Duncan's arrival, which has allowed the Spurs to hold the […] [Read More]
El Contusion stays true to name, wants to keep playing
Apparently for San Antonio Spurs sixth man Manu Ginobili. it's going to take more than a head-on, and I do mean head-on, collision with Tyreke Evans to get him to sit out any games leading up to the playoffs. Click HERE for the complete article at Project Spurs. [Read More]
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Show You Care with Handmade Cards from the Heart.
Very nice card, Seongsook! My husband loves sailboats and blue/gray. Good job with the color combo that sounds like it was harder than I thought it would be. :-)
I hope you enjoy visiting my blog. Please leave your parting thoughts.


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Shih Tzu Puppies for Sale Leeds
Are you a high maintenance kind of person? Someone who likes to look their best, taking time and trouble over your appearance?
Then you may have just found your canine counterpart.
For Shih Tzu puppies aren't for the faint hearted.
Shih Tzu puppies' elegant, silky plush coats reach the floor, are double-coated, and easily tangled, meaning maximum maintenance on the grooming front.
Of course, you could, like many owners, take the easier option and get your Shi Tzu puppy clipped on a regular basis.
Shih Tzu puppies are a hardy, small breed, growing on average to 10"-11" (25-28cm), and a weight of 10-18 pounds (4-8kg).
They come in numerous colours: gold, black, grey, silver, brindle and part-colour, and have a short muzzle topped by large, oval eyes.
Don't worry about whether a Shih Tzu will adapt to your living arrangements: they will, being content in virtually any living environment.
A garden to play in would be preferable but as long as they can be walked a few times each day, then their energy levels will be satiated.
Shih Tzu puppies are prefect family pets, enjoy to be handled and possess a gentle, playful temperament.
Shih Tzu Puppies For Sale Leeds
Dogs4Us provide Shih Tzu puppies across Leeds. Dogs4Us Leeds prides itself on providing happy and healthy Shih Tzu puppies for sale, which are suited to prospective owners' needs. All our Leeds Shih Tzu puppies are sold with a temporary vaccination, identifying micro chip and are already wormed. A vet visits our comfortable kennels daily to ensure the health and well being of all our Shih Tzu puppies, which is why we can offer a six month guarantee to all customers. We pride ourselves on providing happy, healthy pedigree puppies for sale.
If you want more information about our Leeds Shi Tzu puppies, find out whether they are the right 'fit' for you or your family, or check their availability and pricing, then contact our experts by email or phone.
Shih Tzu Puppies Background
The Shih Tzu originates from China and gained the nickname Chrysanthemum Dog in 1930s Britain.
The translation of Shih Tzu is Lion Dog, coming as a surprise given the breed's stature but apparently they were said to bear a resemblance to depictions of Lions in oriental art.
There is no settled agreement on the origins of the breed.
But, as with many canines in China, they almost disappeared as a breed during the tumultuous Communist revolution.
Thankfully, seven females and males survived, allowing the breed to once again prosper as a lively, affectionate family pet, albeit one who requires some attention to maintain their luxuriant coats.


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2nd Annual Vienna Ace Race
Saturday, September 28, 2013 at Vienna Park in Temperance, Michigan
Disc golf singles tournament
Disc golf singles tournament
About this tournament
The Vienna Ace Race is back!! I'm looking to make it bigger and better than last year! Spread the word! If you ... more
The Vienna Ace Race is back!! I'm looking to make it bigger and better than last year! Spread the word! If you are looking to register my phone number is 567-249-3407. I only accept cash, I apolgize! Tee off will be at 2pm! Registration is between 12:45-1:45. Player meeting at 1:50! Be ready to hit some aces and make some great runs at the chains!! P.S. don't even bother bringing your own discs because they will not be allowed to be used in the Ace Race! In the $25 player pack you are provided with two discs an those are the only ones you throw with...one shot per hole less
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Donnie G August 23, 2013 at 7:09pm
hey I'm in like last year any time soon u going to be at Saturday or Sunday dubs so i can pay ya?
Aaron Chelchowski August 23, 2013 at 11:50pm
Within the next week or two I should be at a Sunday dbls