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Posted at: 03/22/2013 10:09 PM
Updated at: 03/22/2013 11:30 PM
What if someone you love, or a pet you love went missing, and you didn't see them for nine months? Jennifer Lloyd and Connie Gates know exactly what that's like.
Their Sheltie Meggie, disappeared last July. They say she had been spotted all over the east side, as far away as Webster, but no one could catch her. As the two explain, it took a helpful homeowner, and a little work, to bring Meggie home.
"It's something I actually can't even get my mind around," said Lloyd.
Gates and Lloyd say they didn't lose hope often, that Meggie would come home.
"We're pretty confident she would come back," said Gates.
Back in July of last year, Meggie ran right out of their driveway in East Rochester. Gates and Lloyd think she didn't want to go for a walk with a dog-sitter. They say running away like that is something Meggie has never done before.
"We have since learned that its very common for Shelties to be spooky like that," said Gates.
They say people living in Penfield spotted Meggie in their yard back in February. The homeowners had been putting food out for several weeks, and eventually spotted her on a camera. They built a gate that would drop down if Meggie came on the porch.
"We were hoping that this would work. that she would come, she would go on the porch far enough and he could push the button and the gate could come down and he could catch her," said Gates.
This morning, Gates and Lloyd say they got a phone call, telling them their wish had come true.
"We've waited for so long for this and we weren't sure it, did actually work," said Lloyd.
They say this couldn't have happened without all the help they've received.
"A lot of people have really been, they have dogs and they love their dogs, they think about their dog, and Meggie and stuff. She's gotta be a pretty famous dog around here," said Gates.
Meggie did go to the vet this afternoon. They say she's in good shape.


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Changing minds. Changing lives.
Left untreated, mental health issues can lead to school dropout, family dysfunction, juvenile incarceration, chemical dependency & unintentional injuries.
In other words, a lifetime of missed opportunities.
For children of all ages and as young as four, our agency offers psychiatry, counseling, play therapy, and testing.
And, because many families lack the financial resources or don't understand how or where to get help, our school-based team provides counseling and peer support groups.
The annual RoofRaiser helps us raise money to support the work we do at our clinic and in Centennial, Columbia Heights, and Fridley schools.
With your support, we really can change lives.
Join the Conversation
Organization Information
7954 University Ave NE
Fridley, MN 55432
(763) 780-3036
Changing minds. Changing lives.
Reports: Guidestar
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for this Cause
Anyone can set up a fundraiser for this charity. It's quick. It's easy.
And it's free!

subset: commoncrawl


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Dept. of Experiential Education & Career Management
Get Down to Business and You'll Get the Job
Book Signing event where students can network and learn how to "get down to business" 4/12/2011 | 6:00 PM - 8:00 PM
A book signing event with career expert Kimberly Bishop featuring breakout workshops
Location: FashionOpolis
6:00 - 6:30 pm Networking & Refreshments
6:30 -7:30 pm Q & A
7:30 - 8:00 pm Book Signing
Kimberly Bishop is in the business of helping people find jobs and manage their careers and she appears regularly on CNBC, CNN, NBC, CBS, Fox Business, WABC, and NY1 News.
Bishop will be at LIM College on April 12 to talk about launching your career. Topics will include: writing resumes and online profiles, interview techniques, networking tips, and the role of social media in today's fast-paced marketplace.
The first 30 students to RSVP will receive a free copy of Get Down to Business and You'll Get the Job.
RSVP to firstname.lastname@example.com


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Types of Cluster HeadachesSkip to the navigation
Topic Overview
There are 2 types of cluster headaches :
- Episodic cluster headaches are the most common type of cluster headaches. People with episodic cluster headaches have cluster periods of 1 to 3 months when they are prone to having headaches. The cluster periods are followed by headache-free periods (remissions) of 6 months or more. About 90 out of 100 people who have cluster headaches have episodic cluster headaches. 1
- Chronic cluster headaches are those that occur during a period of at least 12 months without a headache-free period (remission) or when remissions last less than one month. 2 About 10 out of 100 people who have cluster headaches have chronic cluster headaches. 1
Related Information
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical Reviewer Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer Colin Chalk, MD, CM, FRCPC - Neurology
Current as ofMarch 12, 2014
- Top of Page
Next Section:Related Information
Previous Section:Topic Overview
- Top of Page
Next Section:References
Previous Section:Related Information
- Top of Page
Next Section:Credits
Previous Section:References
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Current as of: March 12, 2014
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine & Colin Chalk, MD, CM, FRCPC - Neurology
Evans RW (2009). Headache. In EG Nabel, ed., ACP Medicine, section 11, chap. 8. Hamilton, ON: BC Decker.
Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (2004). International classification of headache disorders: 2nd ed. Cephalalgia, 24(Suppl 1): 9–160.


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Guest Post – Michael Hoskins
Today's guest post is from Michael Hoskins. You know him from The Diabetic's Corner Booth. Here ya go:
A recent guest blog post by Cherise about job interviews and diabetes made me think about how our common chronic condition applies on the job, once we're actually doing whatever they hired us to do.
Who do you tell? When do you tell them? How do you prepare for regular daily activities and those special instances, and what is the response if diabetes interferes? How do you respond to those who may witness a Low or have to fetch candy or juice in response?
The Working D-Life can present any number of issues depending on the type of business or industry one works in, and how often they're exposed to that role. For example, an office worker sitting in front of a computer or on the phone all day will likely face different issues and hurdles than someone who works retail and stands all day at a cash register or outside doing yardwork.
I've had my share of High and Low D-Experiences on the job during my life, in various positions. From hectic newspaper jobs, stable office positions, active retail roles in grocery stores, banquet hall server, and outdoor landscaping. Each has presented its own nuances in dealing with diabetes on the job. Most of my employers and co-workers have been understanding and willing to work with me. Haven't experienced any discrimination or unfair treatment that I've heard others have had in their own lives.
Professionally, I've been sitting in front of a computer at work when without warning my blood sugar dropped dangerously Low – leading me to get tired and put my head down, resulting in my passing out on the floor and having my coworkers call the paramedics. That position didn't last long, but it wasn't specifically because of that experience that did create embarassment and guilt in my time afterward.
I've also worked in retail positions in my younger years and as a restaurant server, and it just meant being more diligent in testing and making sure everything was OK to work. Outside landscaping presented some interesting issues right after my high school graduation (before insulin pumping), but again it was all manageable and just meant having some candy or quick-acting carbs on hand just in case. Of course, fleeing from the bees and wasps presented an entirely different and more concerning challenge!)
My last reporting position at a daily newspaper was anything but conducive to effective D-Management for me, and it only lasted a couple rocky years in large part because of my suffering health. This wasn't a role I could be lax in working, and work from a home office or take it slow when feeling Low or High. Always on deadline and on the go, and it was brutal on my body. Thankfully, I found what I describe as a perfect job at a legal newspaper that publishes twice a month and allows for MUCH more flexiblity.
Working with a small team of five people (my boss, a managing editor, and two other reporters), everyone is aware of my health issues and they're extremely understanding. I told my boss and supervisor up front about my health issues (second interview, if I recall correctly). No one hesitates to help or support or give me flexibility whenever needed. My boss doesn't step overboard in sometimes "acting like a mom," and I can't stand that it sometimes is necessary, but she makes a point to know my schedule just in case I don't appear as normal. I write down all my interviews and meetings on my desk calendar or let someone know in advance if there's a change, and if by chance she can't reach me we have the emergency contact (my wife) on hand to jump into action. My boss is about the best I'd ever be able to find, and loves learning more whenever there's time and I care to share aspects of my D-Life.
That flexibility and work support is something you can easily take for granted, but it makes all the difference in creating a place you want to come to everyday as far as having that great quality of workplace and achieving a balance between health and job duties.
Powered by Facebook Comments
June 10, 2010
Wow – that is awesome that you have that kind of support where you work.
I think about the jobs that I have had and the insane schedules that I have worked, and I have wondered how that would have been complicated if D were in the picture.
I'm still wondering, but now a little less. Thanks Michael for another insightful post.
June 10, 2010
Great post Micheal!! I'm glad you've finally found a job that works for you and is easy on the D.
That must have been so scary to pass out at work, I did that once (before Diabetes) and hit my head on an oxygen tank!!!
Although your boss may come off mommy-like, its good to know that she cares. As long as she doesn't become as bad as your D-police chief!


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Martin Place – The quarter acre block party
Slip on your thongs, give your best loud shirt and stubbies a quick press, and join us for a backyard barbie in Martin Place to celebrate the launch of Art & About Sydney!
We've mowed the lawn, set up the table tennis, decorated the hills hoist and put out the best garden furniture to recreate a suburban backyard slap bang in the middle of the city. Your party hosts are Liesel Badorrek and Johnny Nasser from Loose Canon Arts, and they've turned on a spread. Australian chef and passionate sustainable food advocate Jared Ingersoll is on barbie duty and boutique winemakers Cake Wines are running the bar. Enjoy live music from The Morrisons, Bustamento and Hot Potato Band playing everything from country to Latin and Dixie jazz. Double J have made us a special BBQ mix and there's even a slide show. Settle in for the night, or kick on to the neighbours' – with galleries and museums across the city taking part in the festivities and opening their doors 'til late! Our house is your house, so grab your mates and join us for a chilled night of songs, snags and shenanigans in homage to the disappearing great Aussie backyard.
The Line Up
Hot Potato Band 5pm / 6.35pm / 7.55pm
Trolleys 5.30pm / 7pm
The Morrisons 5.45pm / 7.10pm
Bustamento 8.40pm
Announcement of Australian Life and Little Sydney Lives Winners by Lord Mayor Clover Moore 6.30pm
Based in Adelaide, Mash Designs created the hugely popular Lola's Pergola on the River Torrens for the 2014 Adelaide Festival and are part of the seriously creative Happy Motel. Lighting Design Matt Marshall has lit almost every festival and theatre company in Australia, including iOTA's Smoke and Mirrors for Sydney Festival.
Loose Canon Arts is a Sydney-based theatre company that has made quirky and unexpected performances for public events such as Primo Italiano and Art & About Sydney as well as Sydney Opera House and Sydney Festival.
Bustamento is a tropical shaking six-piece that pays homage to the rhythms of the Caribbean. The Morrisons are a raucous six-piece string band forging elements of alt country, bluegrass and folk. Hot Potato Band will bring New Orleans to Martin Place.
Jared Ingersoll's Dank St Depot was one of the first Sydney restaurants to put farmers as well as the chef on the menu. He has spent nearly three decades highlighting the importance of local, seasonal and sustainable food.
Sausages hand crafted by Feather and Bone Providores:
- Mayfield & Limerick Farms pork sausage with pickle, remoulade and crisp onions
- Cherry Tree Organic Angus sausage with fermented chilli sauce & slaw
Roasted eggplant, tahini and lemon
All served on a Brasserie Bread roll
Price: $6.00
PLUS the Jafe Jaffles kombi food truck!
Cake Wines is a boutique, independent wine business based in the Adelaide Hills.
Cake Wines 2014 Adelaide Hills Sauvignon Blanc
Cake Wines 2012 McLaren Vale Shiraz
Cake Wines 2014 Adelaide Hills Rose
Batlow Premium Cider
Rio Bravo
Cascade Premium Light Beer
+ Soft Drinks / Water
Martin Place, Sydney
Up Late
Creative venues around Sydney will stay open late to celebrate the Art & About Sydney Launch.
Catch free vintage shuttle buses from Martin Place to Sydney museums and galleries up late.
(Click on the below image to see a larger version)
Artists' Market at the State Library
Celebrate Art & About Sydney at the popular Artists' Market. Discover a treasure trove of Australian made and designed art and craft works, homewares and jewellery. The café bar will be open with a special guest DJ, and you can also catch Life Interrupted and Portraits of War: The Crown Studios Project on their final night in the Mitchell Galleries.19 SEPTEMBER / 6PM – 9PMState Library of NSW, Macquarie Wing
Macquarie Street, Sydney
Art Gallery of New South Wales
To help kick off the festivities of Art & About Sydney, the gallery is staying up late for a Friday night full of art, food and music. We're keeping the Archibald Prize open after hours so you have an extra opportunity to come see the faces setting Sydney abuzz. And because it is Friday, why not have dinner at our café, grab a drink at the pop-up bar and sit down to enjoy some DJ tunes.
Art Gallery of NSW, Art Gallery Road, Sydney
Australian Museum
The Australian Museum is staying up late to celebrate Art & About Sydney. Discover our Aztecs exhibition and enjoy a Friday night filled with Mexican culture.
Renowned Mexican artist, Sergio Plata, will be decorating traditional skulls and discussing his work. Skulls and skeletons feature prominently in Mexican art. Often painted in vibrant colours, these works celebrate life and death.
Sergio has won numerous awards for his art and has exhibited in galleries and museums across Mexico, Canada, USA and Australia.
Grab a drink, meet the artist then head into the Aztecs exhibition to discover more about this spirited culture.
Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney
Special discounted Aztecs entry for one night only: Adults $12, Concession $6
General entry to the Museum is free
Museum of Sydney
Dream home small home curator talk
Museum of Sydney is opening late for a special after-hours curator-led tour of our latest exhibition, Dream Home, Small Home. Join the exhibition curators for a fascinating behind-the-scenes talk on this remarkable exhibition that tells the story of Sydney's post-war owner builders, and explores a time when more than half all Sydney's new builds were DIY projects. After the talk, enjoy a drink or meal at The Governors Table. This lovely bar & dining establishment draws inspiration from its historic location – the site of first Government House; and serves modern Australian cuisine with a twist, combining the freshest produce with colonial era cookery techniques such as smoking, pickling and baking.
Museum of Sydney
corner Bridge and Phillip streets, Sydney
Adults $10 / Child/Concession $5 / Family $20
Customs House Late Night Library
Varnished wood, brass doorknobs, stained glass – tactile elements of our built environment are disappearing. What replaces them and how does this affect our sensory perception of the world? Join the opening night festivities at a touchy-feely Late Night Library, with art installations, music and short talks that reference Juhani Pallasmaa's phenomenal work, The Eyes of the Skin. For adults.
Customs House Library, 31 Alfred Street, Sydney
What people are saying…
"..What better way to reminisce about the surely extinct Australian dream of the quarter-acre block than to spend an afternoon soaking up the ole fashioned neighbourhood barbecue vibe as you drink up thanks to Cake Wines and dig into a spread by Barrel and Beast owner and sustainable chef extraordinaire Jared Ingersoll." – Concrete Playground
"Recreate those steamy endless summers in the backyard at Art and About's launch party" – Time Out Sydney
"This is no ordinary barbie, with chef and sustainable food advocate Jared Ingersoll (Dank St Depot) in charge of food and boutique winemaker Cake Wines running the bar. Live music, light installations and pop-up performances" – Manuscript Daily


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Chase Epting addressed the ball, took his swing and his club sent the ball down the fairway. Then he ran to first base.
Those two sentences might seem to mix two sports, but that's exactly what golf baseball does. On Saturday, a group from the First Tee of Aiken gathered on the No. 1 fairway on the Laurel nine at Houndslake Country Club to take part in the sport, which First Tee program director Lexie Brent said originated as a way to get school-aged children started in golf.
"The game was actually invented by the First Tee home office as part of the National School Program," she said during the three-team tournament.
Using Starting New at Golf equipment – which consists of plastic clubs with oversized heads, tennis balls and a velcro-covered target – the sport is played under similar rules as regular baseball. The ball isn't pitched, with the batter teeing off from a driving range-style mat. Outs can be recorded if the ball is caught in the air, or if runners are off-base when a fielder throws the ball to the target, held by a player standing where the pitcher's mound would be.
Brent said the game has become a favorite, even among the program's students that are trying to learn traditional golf.
"This is the first time we've done it in a tournament, but we do it once a session, every session," she said.
Lindsey Greene, 10, said that she enjoyed the game because "it's challenging" but also said that the exercise component of baseball golf was fun.
"You get to run because you don't usually get to run in regular golf," she said.
Greene primarily served as a pinch runner for her father, Jeremy, who hadn't worn proper footwear to run the bases, which were hula hoops. The three competing teams consisted of adults and kids alike, and even the older participants enjoy the chance to use the SNAG gear, according to Brent.
"I think the bigger kids using the funny equipment is a big draw," she said.
The gear is in use in area elementary schools, where the cost of regular golf equipment and the available space would render traditional golf impractical. Instead, younger students can learn the basic principles of golf through a fun, competitive game that has rules they use for other sports.
"It introduces golf in a non-golf setting," Brent said.
The First Tee of Aiken teaches a variety of age and skill levels through eight-week sessions, with the fall sessions set to begin in September.
Jeremy Timmerman has a journalism degree from Mercer University. Follow him on Twitter @ASJTimm.
Staff photo by Jeremy Timmerman Jeremy Greene makes contact during a game of golf baseball, while his daughter, Lindsey, waits to pinch run.×
Staff photo by Jeremy Timmerman Chase Epting makes contact as Brice Smoker waits at first base during a game of golf baseball at Houndslake on Saturday.×
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text:
Christmas card and poem from the White family to Alfred Frueh, 194-?
Physical Details: Christmas card : 1 item : ill. ; 13 x 13 cm.
Sender: E. B. (Elwyn Brooks) White (1899-1985)
Recipient: Alfred Joseph Frueh (1880-1968)
Description: Sheet of paper with an image of lambs pasted to it.
Beneath the image in printed text is a poem about lambs and the birth of Jesus, and beneath the poem are the names: Katharine, Joel and E.B. White.
Forms part of: Alfred J. Frueh papers, 1904-1993
Rights Statement: Current copyright status is undetermined
Citation: Christmas card and poem from the White family to Alfred Frueh, 194-?
Digital ID: 13211
- Animals
- Poems
View all Image Gallery items from the Alfred J. Frueh papers


text: >Some clever person at the core OpenBSD development team must have had the >thought He has... http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=openbsd-misc&m=109519653610773&w=2 >And I appreciate if we (all that read this) can avoid short childish answers >like "It will never happen". This as we all hopefully want to use the great >OpenBSD in the future as well. When you ask a question, get an answer you don't like, and respond by asking the question again, you may expect short childish answers. When you act like a child, you may expect to be treated like one. -tony


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Botanical Name:
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General Information:
Lychee Description - What is a lychee?
Origin of Lychees
Lychee Lore
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Health Benefits of Black Tea
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Lychees and LycheesOnline.com Interview by ThingsAsian.com
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Lychee Fruit:
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Lychee Nutrition Information - USDA
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6 Reasons Why Lychee Trees are a Good Replacement for Removed Citrus Trees
Tips for Planting your Lychee Tree(s)
Tips for Selecting a 3 - 7 gallon size Lychee Tree
Steps for Planting a Landscape Lychee Tree in Your Yard
Lychee Tree Root System and Development
Switching from Traditional Growing to Organic
The Microbial Revolution in Growing Plants
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How to Start a Small Grove of Lychee Trees
8 Essential Factors for Growing Healthy Lychee Trees
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Grafting and Grafted Lychee Trees
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University of Florida Abstract on Air-Layering using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
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7:34 am
Mon February 24, 2014
Warehouse Worker Fired Over Stuck Vending Machine Snack
By editor
Good morning. I'm Renee Montagne. We've all been there. Go to the vending machine, insert coins, and watch helplessly as your Twixt bar gets just to the tipping point and then stuck.
The Des Moines Register reports that warehouse worker Robert McKevitt tried the usual but when banging and rocking failed to dislodge the snack, he hopped on a forklift. After lifting and dropping the vending machine six times, it finally yielded its prize - three candy bars and one pink slip. It's MORNING EDITION. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
Target Building Inspections: Arizona's Due Diligence Professionals.
Give us a call! (480)-228-6165.
We perform Property Condition Assessments, Commercial Building Inspections for real estate transactions, such as apartment buildings, strip centers, office, retail, restaurants, church and schools, ADA compliance surveys, Asbestos surveys, Capital Reserve Studies for HOA's, ESA Phase 1 Environmental services in Phoenix, Scottsdale, Mesa, Chandler, Tempe AZ and surrounding areas.
We accept all major credit cards...
Our services will identify the safety hazards within the building, poor conditions, bad installs, operability of major systems and maintenance issues of the property. Our reports and Property Condition Assessments help you and your contractors, to prioritize and quantify needed repairs and issues within the short and long term. This will reduce your risk while making your purchase process easy, less stressful, more informed. Our reports are professionally written and prioritized, to assist you along with detailed "Punch List's" and Digital Photos. Our reports are written in layman's terms. Our reports are easy to use through negotiation, contractors cost estimates, and maintenance. Our building inspection report is designed to serve you during a purchase, sale, re model or construction. We even include a termite inspection and report with every inspection!
Our Certified Building Inspectors have over 56 years of combined construction and building inspection experience in Arizona. Providing Commercial Building Inspections, PCA, PCR, and Home Inspections one building at a time.
We at Target Building Inspections look forward to being of service to you, your Company, your Business Associates, your Family and friends. Call us today (480)-228-6165
When you need an Arizona Building Inspection in Maricopa and the northern portion of Pinal Counties including the city of Phoenix, Scottsdale, Mesa, Tempe, Gilbert, Tucson, Flagstaff, Prescott, Paradise Valley, Chandler, Glendale, Peoria, Queen Creek, Anthem, Apache Junction, Fountain Hills, Avondale, Awhatukee, Litchfield Park, Buckeye, Queen Creek, Carefree, Cave Creek, Goodyear, Surprise, Sun City, Sun City West, El Mirage, New River, Wittmann, Gold Canyon, Tolleson, Laveen, Sun Lakes, Youngtown, Arrowhead, Deer Valley, San Tan Valley, and Rio Verde.Scottsdale, Gilbert, Mesa, Chandler, Phoenix, Peoria, Queen Creek, Tempe, Glendale, Apache Junction, or anywhere in between the Arizona state lines, you've found us.


text:
Couell Takes Over HC Soccer Program
- Release Date:
- July 27, 2005
- Contact:
- The Office of Sports Information
- (716) 649-7900 ext. 333
July 25, 2005
HAMBURG, NY – Former Hilbert College assistant men's soccer coach Rick Couell has been named the program's new head men's soccer coach, announced director of athletics Richard Walsh.
Couell takes over the Hawks program after spending the 2004 season as an assistant coach to former head coach Tim Kronenwetter.
Last fall Couell joined the Hawks program after previously serving as the travel director for West Seneca Soccer where he also served as head coach of the boys U-11 and U-14 programs for seven years. He currently holds a USFF "E" license.
Couell brings more than 10 years of playing experience from stints in the Buffalo Men's A and B leagues. He is a product of Orchard Park High School in Orchard Park, NY.
The 2004 Hilbert College men's soccer program finished a disappointing 1-14 overall and 0-9 in their first season as a member of the Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference (AMCC). The Hawks will look to the scheduled return of 11 veterans and a solid recruiting class when they open the 2005 season at Elmira College on September 3rd.
Hilbert College, located in suburban Hamburg, N.Y., south of Buffalo, is a private four-year college founded in 1957 in the Catholic Franciscan tradition. With nearly 1,100 students, Hilbert is a dynamic Western New York college that offers career-focused majors, including one of the top criminal justice programs in the region, and more than 50 minors and concentrations. The college's engaging, student-centered campus community offers numerous leadership, internship, and service learning opportunities from which students launch successful careers while making positive changes in their communities. The Hilbert Blueprint promotes a well-rounded student experience over four years – starting with the Foundations Seminar in the freshman year, followed by Sophomore Service, Junior Symposium, and culminating with the Senior Capstone. Hilbert has expanded its academic offerings with the college's first graduate programs and new Accelerated Degree Programs geared to adult learners.
Upcoming Events
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 14, 2015
- Summer Session A2 Ends
- Aug 21, 2015
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 28, 2015


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A cleaving tool provides pressurized gas to the edge of a substrate to cleave the substrate at a selected interface. A substrate, such as a bonded substrate, is loaded into the cleaving tool, and two halves of the tool are brought together to apply a selected pressure to the substrate. A compliant pad of selected elastic resistance provides support to the substrate while allowing the substrate to expand during the cleaving process. Bringing the two halves of the tool together also compresses an edge seal against the perimeter of the substrate. A thin tube connected to a high-pressure gas source extends through the edge seal and provides a burst of gas to separate the substrate into at least two sheets. In a further embodiment, the perimeter of the substrate is struck with an edge prior to applying the gas pressure.
1. An apparatus for cleaving a substrate, the apparatus comprising:
a base configured to accept and support a substrate;
a top movably coupled to the base, the substrate being disposed between the base and the top;
a compliant pad proximate to the substrate such that when the top is coupled to the base, a selected amount of pressure is applied to the substrate through the compliant pad;
an edge seal capable of forming a gas seal around a perimeter of the substrate when the top is coupled to the base to form a plenum; and
a gas port coupled to the plenum and capable of providing gas to the plenum to pressurize the plenum and cleave the substrate.
2. The apparatus of
3. The apparatus of
4. The apparatus of
a gas source capable of providing gas at a gas pressure of about 300 psig; and
a valve disposed between the gas source and the gas port, the valve capable of modulating the flow of gas from the gas source to the gas port to create a burst of gas at the gas port.
5. An apparatus for cleaving a substrate, the apparatus comprising:
a base configured to accept and support a substrate having an edge groove;
a top movably coupled to the base, the substrate being disposed between the base and the top;
a rubber pad incorporated into the top, the rubber pad applying a selected amount of pressure, as a pressure gradient, to the substrate when the base is coupled to the top;
an O-ring essentially surrounding the substrate and forming a gas seal with at least a portion of a perimeter of the substrate to form a plenum between the edge groove and the O-ring;
a tube extending through the O-ring, an end of the tube forming a gas port in the plenum, the tube being coupled to
a valve capable of modulating gas at a pressure of at least about 300 psig from a gas supply through the tube into the plenum.
This patent application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/371,436 filed Aug. 10, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,740.
The present invention relates to substrates, such as may be used for integrated circuit fabrication, micro-machining applications, and similar substrates, and more particularly to cleaving hybrid or composite substrates.
Semiconductor device fabrication technology continues to advance in the pursuit of smaller, faster devices. Integrated circuits devices become more complex, and in many cases, bigger. New materials and methods are being developed to meet these and other performance requirements. For example, many integrated circuits are fabricated on a silicon "wafer", which was sawn out of a generally round ingot, or boule, and polished on at least one side. Not long ago, silicon wafers typically had a diameter of about 2-4 inches. Then, six inch, and now eight-inch, wafers became commonplace, and the industry is moving toward silicon wafers with a diameter of twelve inches for some applications. The larger diameter wafers can yield more chips per wafer, and improve throughput. Not surprisingly, the larger wafers are generally much more expensive than the smaller wafers.
Many integrated circuit devices are fabricated within a very narrow planar region close to the surface of the wafer. The remainder of the wafer provides mechanical support and may provide other functions, such as impurity gettering or a backside electrical contact. Thus, the semiconductor material may only need to be of device (i.e. high) quality for a thin region near the surface of the wafer. Epitaxial growth processes have been developed to address this issue. Generally, a thin film of high-purity or other high-quality film of semiconductor material is grown on a substrate, which can be the same material, or a different material, than the grown film. Unfortunately, epitaxial growth processes have not been easy to scale for use with the increased wafer diameters, and yields and throughput have suffered.
Wafer bonding is another process that uses a relatively thin film of semiconductor material. In some instances, a thin film of silicon, for example, is bonded to an insulating substrate, such as silicon oxide, to form a semiconductor-on-insulator ("SOI") structure. Many techniques have been developed to bond one wafer to another, using adhesives, surface activation, chemical activation, and the like. Some times a bulk wafer of silicon is bonded to an insulating substrate and then the silicon is lapped to the desired thickness, and other times a thin film of silicon is transferred to the insulating wafer.
Other wafer bonding methods have been developed for purposes other than to fabricate SOI substrates, such as transferring a thin film of high-quality semiconductor material onto a semiconductor or other substrate. Alternatively, it may be desirable to produce a thin film of material to form a layer in a micro-electrical-mechanical system ("MEMS") device. Accordingly, a technique and a device for cleaving substrates is desirable for producing a thin film of material to be transferred and/or for separating bonded wafers from each other, and for other purposes.
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for cleaving substrates, including composite substrates.
In one embodiment, a composite substrate of two wafers bonded together has a perimeter notch resulting from an edge-finishing process, typically performed by the wafer manufacturer, of one or both wafers. A seal is formed around at least a portion of the perimeter notch to define a plenum. A burst of gas is provided to the plenum to pressurize the plenum and cleave the substrate at a selected plane. In a further embodiment, the wafers are held together prior to separation with a selected pressure to facilitate cleaving the wafers while reducing breakage. In a still further embodiment, the pressure applied to the substrate during the cleave process varies across the substrate in a selected fashion.
These and other embodiments of the present invention, as well as some of its advantages and features are described in more detail in conjunction with the text below and attached figures.
FIG. 1A is a simplified cross section of a composite substrate with two edge-finished wafers bonded together;
FIG. 1B is a simplified cross section of a composite substrate with one edge-finished wafer and one flush-edged wafer bonded together;
FIG. 1C is a simplified cross section of a composite substrate with two flush-edged wafers bonded together;
FIG. 2A is a simplified illustration of a wafer cleaving system;
FIG. 2B is a simplified top view of a portion of the wafer cleaving system shown in FIG. 2A, further illustrating details of a gas port and an edge seal;
FIG. 2C is a simplified cross section of a portion of a substrate cleaving apparatus with a substrate disposed in a tool;
FIG. 2D is a simplified cross section of an O-ring with a bent gas delivery tube;
FIG. 2E is a simplified flow chart of a process according to the present invention;
FIG. 2F is a simplified diagram of a wafer cleaving system according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3A is a simplified cross section of an O-ring and gas delivery tube with a tubing retainer; FIG. 3B is a simplified cross section of an O-ring with a tubing retainer collet;
FIG. 4 is a simplified cross section of a portion of a wafer-cleaving tool having another embodiment of an O-ring and base shell;
FIG. 5 is a simplified representation of the relationship of various elements of a cleave tool and a cleave front;
FIG. 6A is a simplified sectioned view of an edged tool with an integrated gas port;
FIG. 6B is a simplified representation of a wafer cleaving system using mechanical force and gas pressure; and
FIG. 6C is a simplified flow chart of a process according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The present invention relates to a cleaving apparatus, method, and tools. Several situations may arise where it is desirable to cleave a substrate, such as to separate a thin film of material from a donor wafer, or to separate two bonded substrates.
A thin film separation method, known as a controlled-cleave process ("CCP"), is described in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/026,034 by Henley and Cheung, filed Feb. 19, 1998, and which is incorporated herein for all purposes. In the CCP process, ions and/or other particles are implanted into a wafer to form a cleave layer within the donor substrate. Energy is then applied to the donor substrate to initiate and propagate a cleave front or fronts that separates a thin film of material from the donor substrate. Typically, a target, or handle, wafer is bonded to the donor wafer between the ion implantation step and the cleave step to form a composite wafer. The thin film remains attached to the handle wafer after cleaving, and may be further processed to enhance the bonding between the thin film and the handle wafer.
FIG. 1A is a simplified cross section of a portion of a composite substrate 10 formed from a first wafer 12 bonded to a second wafer 14 at an interface 16. The first wafer has a weakened and/or stressed layer 18, which may have been formed by implanting protons or other particles (e.g. hydrogen, deuterium, any combination of these) at a selected depth and concentration, using a plasma immersion ion implantation or beam line implantation or diffusion process, for example. The first wafer 12, as supplied from the manufacturer, has a finished edge 20 in the approximate shape of a truncated cone with rounded corners. The second wafer 14, as supplied from the manufacturer, also has a finished edge 22, but in the approximate shape of a bullet nose. The shapes of the wafer edges are given as examples only, and illustrate that a perimeter groove 24 forms between wafers with finished edges. The perimeter groove typically extends essentially around the substrate (except, e.g., in the region of a wafer alignment "flat"), the depth of the groove typically being greater than the wafer alignment error that occurs during bonding. Also, the design of the O-ring allows for mis-alignment.
FIG. 1B is a simplified cross section of a portion of a composite substrate 26 formed from a first wafer 28 having a finished edge 30 and a second wafer 32 having a flush edge 34. The edge of the second wafer has not been shaped in a separate edge-finishing process; however, an artifact of a polishing process has left the corner 36 slightly rounded. The mating surfaces of the wafers that are bonded together to form a composite substrate are often polished to provide intimate surface contact in the bonding process. A perimeter groove 38 also forms between a wafer with a finished edge bonded to a wafer with a flush edge.
FIG. 1C is a simplified cross section of a portion of a composite substrate 40 formed from a first wafer 42 having a flush edge 44 and a second wafer 46, also having a flush edge 48. A relatively small notch 50 forms between the wafers as a result of the corner-rounding that occurred during the polishing process; however, this notch may not extend around the perimeter of the composite substrate, depending on the alignment of the wafers to each other.
FIG. 2A is a simplified representation of an apparatus 200 for separating thin films of material from composite substrates. A cleave tool 202 has a base shell 204 and a top shell 206 that can be separated (e.g. by lifting off or by a hinge mechanism) in order to load a composite substrate 208. The base shell is fabricated from a "hard" material, such as tooling plate (cast Al—Zn alloy) or other metal. The top shell has a hard, rigid cap 210 and also a compliant pad 212. The cap is fabricated from tooling plate, while the compliant pad is a latex sheet approximately ⅛ inch thick with 30 durometer, but could be made of another compliant material, such as silicone, urethane, neoprene, or other rubber, or other compliant material. The compliant pad supports the upper surface of the composite substrate during the cleave process while allowing the composite substrate to expand slightly to separate the composite substrate and transfer a thin film from the donor substrate to the handle substrate.
An O-ring 214 forms a seal around the perimeter edges of the composite substrate. The O-ring is hollow and operates at ambient (atmospheric) pressure to provide a compliance of 30 durometer, but could be sealed and pressurized to control the compliance and sealing force, or could be solid. A gas port 216, in this case formed by a needle extending through the O-ring, provides a burst, bursts, or stream of gas to a perimeter plenum formed by the sealed edge groove of the composite substrate. The O-ring 214 does not have to seal the entire perimeter of the composite substrate, such as if the composite substrate has an alignment flat 218, as will be discussed below.
Gas is provided from a gas source 220, such as a dry nitrogen source, but could be other types of gases, such as air, argon, or helium. The gas flow is controlled by a solenoid valve 222, or similar valve, which controls the gas supplied to the gas port 216. In a preferred embodiment, the gas source provides gas at a nominal pressure of about 300 psi., and the valve is controlled by a control line 224 to open for 22 msec. to provide a burst of gas to the gas port 216. The dynamics of the gas burst are generally sufficient to initiate and propagate cleaving of the composite substrate. Gas may be lost through leakage between the O-ring and the substrate, especially where the O-ring does not form a seal with the substrate, but such incidental loss appears to not be critical in cleaving the substrate. Multiple pulses of gas may be applied to facilitate cleaving, if necessary. Alternatively, the fluid may be replaced by a liquid or a combination of liquid and gas.
The control line can be a simple switch, or can be controlled by a controller 230, such as a computer. The controller includes a processor 232 coupled to a computer-readable memory 234, as well as a display 236, and a user input 238, such as a keyboard. The memory 234 can include read-only memory, random-addressable memory, and/or magnetic or optical media such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a compact disk. The memory stores a program 240 that configures the substrate cleave system to operate in a selected manner. It is understood that other controllers may be configured differently and have other appropriate block diagrams, or that the cleave system may be operated manually.
A detector 242 may be included to determine whether the cleave process has been completed. An indicator 244 receives a signal from the detector to indicate a change of condition of the composite substrate. The detector 242 can be an infrared source/sensor for example. When a cleave front propagates underneath the detector, the transmitted infrared light changes due to the separation of the wafer, resulting in an optical wedge that causes destructive interference of light at a specific spacing created in the wafer. In an alternative embodiment, an infrared source in the base could illuminate a sensor in the cap. The transmissive path would be altered by the cleave front. Alternatively, the detector could be an ultrasonic transducer, or a heater/temperature sensor. A heater could provide a pulse of heat to the composite substrate, and the thermal decay could indicate whether the composite substrate is intact, providing greater heatsinking and more rapid thermal decay, or whether the substrate has been cleaved. The indicator 242 can be coupled to the controller 230, or can provide a sensory signal for manual operation. Although the cleave indicator is shown in conjunction with a gas pressure cleave tool, a cleave indicator would be beneficial with other types of cleave tools, such as thermal or mechanical cleave tools.
FIG. 2B is a simplified top view representing the base 204 and the O-ring 214, which is shown as sectioned. The gas port 216 is the outlet of needle-like tubing 246, such as is used to make hypodermic needles. In a preferred embodiment, the tubing is made of type 316 stainless steel with an internal diameter of about 0.010 mm and 0.5 mm outside diameter. The tubing can be a product made by EFD Brand Part Number 5125CH-B. The gas port 216 is located about 10 mils out from the O-ring, i.e., the tubing protrudes out of the O-ring about 10 mils. A pin may be used to form the hole in the O-ring to push the tubing through.
FIG. 2C is a simplified cross view of a portion of the cleave tool 202 showing further details of the O-ring 214, composite substrate 208 and the gas port 216. The inside diameter of the O-ring is slightly larger than the diameter of the composite substrate, allowing the composite to be easily placed onto the base 204 of the cleave tool 202. When the top 206 is assembled to the base 204 of the cleave tool 202, the O-ring 214 is compressed into an oblong shape, moving the gas port 216 toward the center of the substrate and contacting the first edge 250 and the second edge 252 of the composite substrate 208 to seal the edge groove and form a plenum 254. The gas port 216 is situated within the plenum 254 to pressurize the plenum, thus creating forces to separate the first substrate 251 from the second substrate 253. If the weakened layer 18 is weaker than the bonding interface 16, the composite substrate cleaves at the weakened layer and transfers a thin film 256 of the first substrate 251 to the second substrate 253.
A height adjustment mechanism 258 is provided to accurately align the gas port 216 with the edge groove/plenum. The height adjustment mechanism moves, along with the tubing and gas port, relative to the top/base of the cleave tool, as represented by the arrows 260. Alignment accuracy within 0.2 mm or less is preferred, and is achieved with a manually adjusted lead screw. Other height adjustment methods may be used, such as a voice coil or stepper motor, and the height adjustment may be controlled by the controller (see FIG. 2A.). The gas line 223 to the height adjustment mechanism 258 is flexible to allow for the height adjustment. Similarly, the via 262 through the base 204 is larger than the tubing diameter, and may be an over-sized hole or a slot.
FIG. 2D is a simplified cross section showing a further refinement of the tubing and gas port or fluid port. The tubing 270 has a slight bend 272, of between about 5-15 degrees that is about 3 mm back from the gas port 274, so that the bend occurs within the interior of the O-ring 214. This allows vertical adjustment of the gas port 274, represented by the arrows 276, by rotating the tubing 270, represented by the arrows 278. Rotational adjustment is used by itself or in conjunction with the height adjustment mechanism (see FIG. 2C) for fine, continuous placement of the gas port. Rotating the tubing also allows an operator to confirm that the gas port is within the edge groove by providing tactile feedback as the gas port contacts one edge upon rotation in one direction, and then the other edge as rotation is reversed, if not used in an automated system.
FIG. 2E is a simplified flow chart representing a process 280 according to the present invention. After placing a substrate on the base (step 282), the top is closed (step 284), which compresses the compliant pad against the substrate. As will be discussed in further detail below in relation to FIG. 5, the top is closed in a fashion to apply a greater force against the substrate in the regions further from the gas port. In a preferred embodiment of a substrate cleaving tool, closing the top also compresses the perimeter O-ring to form a seal with at least a portion of the perimeter of the substrate.
Next, a burst of gas is applied TO a region on the perimeter of the substrate (step 286). If the substrate cleaving tool has a cleave indicator, the substrate is then checked for completion of the cleave (step 288). If the cleave is complete, the process can stop (step 290). If the cleave is not complete, another burst of gas may be applied. The subsequent burst of gas may be of the same duration and pressure, or of a different duration and/or pressure than the initial burst of gas. It is noted that some substrates are easier to cleave than others, depending on the type of material and pre-cleave treatment (e.g. implant species, dosage, and energy), and that some cleave processes may be consistent and reliable enough to be performed without a cleave indicator.
FIG. 2F is a simplified diagram of a wafer cleaving system 2000 according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. This diagram is merely an example, which should not limit the scope of the claims herein. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize many other variations, alternatives, and, modifications. Like reference numerals are used in this Fig. as the previous Figs. for easy referencing, but are not intended to be unduly limiting. Here, the cleaving system 2000 includes a variety of features such as base shell 204 and top shell 206 that can be separated from each other in order to load a composite substrate 208, e.g., wafers. The base shell is fabricated from a hard and non-compliant material such as tooling plate, plastic, or other metals or combination of metals and plastics. The top shell has a hard, rigid cap 210, which houses an adjustable plate 2001. The adjustable plate is made of a flat material, which interfaces between adjustable members 2005 and compliant pad 212. Each of the adjustable members can adjust the vertical or z-position of the adjustable plate. In a specific embodiment, there are more than one or preferably three or more members, which are spatially placed equal distance from each other on the top shell. Each of the adjustable members is adjusted in a manner to enhance the cleaving action of the composite substrate. The system also can have a plate 2003 and compliant pad 212 on the base shell. Here, the plate on the base shell can be adjustable or fixed depending upon the application. The compliant pads support the faces of the substrate during a cleaving process while allowing such substrate to expand slightly to separate the substrate. The substrate separates a portion of the donor substrate material from the donor substrate.
An O-ring 214 forms a seal around the perimeter edges of the composite substrate. The O-ring is hollow and operates at ambient (atmospheric) pressure to provide a compliance of 30 durometer, but could be sealed and pressurized to control the compliance and sealing force or could be solid. The system also has a fluid port 216, which provides compressed fluid into the chamber to initiate and maintain a controlled cleavage process.
The system also has clamping means 2007, which presses the base shell against the top shell. The O-ring is compressed between each of the shells to seal the outer periphery of the substrate against the O-ring. In a specific embodiment, the clamping means is a "Destaco" clamp or three of these clamps, which hold the base shell to the top shell. In a specific embodiment, the combination of the adjustable members and the clamping means are adjusted to produce a desired pressure gradient on each of the faces of the substrate. The pressure gradient is adjusted by the adjustable members to produce a desired cleaving action. In a specific embodiment, the applied pressure on the substrate faces is greater near the fluid injection point and decreases further away from the fluid injection point. This gradient may improve a cleaving action. Alternatively, the pressure across the faces of each substrate is constant and free from a gradient to improve cleaving action.
FIG. 3A is a simplified cross section of fine tubing 300 supported by a tubing retainer 302. The tubing retainer is co-axial with the fine tubing, and is a section of drilled metal rod, for example, glued to the tubing, but could be other material, such as plastic. The tubing retainer 302 supports the fine tubing 300 to the interior surface 304 of the O-ring, thus increasing the stiffness of the tubing assembly and allowing for better height control of the gas port 306, as well as better durability, and the option of using finer and/or thinner-walled tubing.
FIG. 3B is a simplified cross section of fine tubing 310 supported by a tubing retainer 312, which is further supported by a retainer collet 314. The retainer collet provides additional stiffness to the tubing assembly, and allows sub-assemblies of fine tubing and tubing retainers to be manufactured in anticipation of rapid exchanging of gas ports for maintenance or to configure the cleave system for different substrates. In lieu of a retainer collet, a tubing retainer with a stepped diameter may be manufactured, either out of a single piece of rod, for example, or assembled from multiple pieces.
Although the above injector has been described in terms of tubing, it can also be may other means for supplying gas and/or fluid to the system. Here, the means can include, among others, almost any suitable member that directs fluid into the system. The member can be shaped in a variety of configurations such as a rectangle, a semicircle, or other shape, which is suitable for directing the fluid into the system. The end of the means can be flared, pointed, or any other shape suitable for supplying the fluid. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize many other variations, alternatives, and modifications.
FIG. 4 is a simplified cross section of a portion of a cleave tool showing alternative embodiments for the O-ring 414 and the bottom shell 402. The outer diameter of the O-ring is substantially greater than the thickness of the composite substrate . Additionally, the O-ring does not have a constant thickness, but rather has a thicker section 406 near the gas port. The thicker section of the O-ring where the O-ring will contact the substrate to form an edge seal improves the contact force and stiffens the side of the plenum formed by the O-ring. An O-ring groove 410 is provided in the bottom shell, and a similar groove may be provided in the top shell (not shown), or the top shell may be flat.
FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram representing how force is applied to the top shell (not shown in this figure) to hold it against the bottom shell (not shown in this figure) and thus provide pressure to the composite substrate during the cleave process. A circle 502 as it would lie under the top shell represents the outline of a substrate. The position of the gas port is represented by the contact of a line with the circle 504. A cleave front is represented by a curved line 506, propagating in the directions indicated by arrows 508. The shape of the cleave front is chosen solely for illustrative purposes, and does not necessarily represent the true shape of the cleave front, which depends on many factors, including the prior processing and type of composite substrate being cleaved. Force is applied at three locations, represented by the small circles 510, 512, 514. Force is generated by cam-over clamps mounted to the base shell support structure. The top shell is placed on the base shell, and the clamps are set to force the top shell against the base shell and to compress the O-ring. The force the clamps apply may be adjusted by turning the clamp screw to extend the length of the clamp pad from the frame, as is well known. The nominal force of all clamps is set to provide a pressure on the substrate of about 5 to 50 psia. Then, the clamp screws of the two clamps 510, 512 nearest the gas port 504 are extended an additional � turn further than the clamp 514 furthest from the gas port.
This provides a differential pressure across the substrate. A differential pressure is desirable because of the nature of the cleave initiation and propagation. In most materials of interest, the cleave is essentially a stressed fracture. The energy required to initiate such a fracture may be lowered by providing a local mechanical defect, such as a crack or scratch. Thus, once the cleave is initiated in the low pressure region (near the gas port), higher pressure may be applied to the substrate to keep the cleaved halves from "jumping" and potentially breaking across the face of the half. A sensor, represented by a circle 518, is placed near the flat of the substrate to determine if the cleave has propagated through the substrate, as discussed above. Alternatively, a constant pressure may be applied, depending on the type of material(s) the substrate is made of, the thickness of the cleaved halves, and the pressure and duration of the gas being applied, and other factors.
A pressure gradient may be important to prevent some composite substrates from flying apart and breaking when cleaved, while allowing the cleave to form and propagate. It is believed the combination of the applied pressure gradient and the compliant pad in the top shell allow the efficient cleaving of composite substrates while avoiding breakage, especially of the donor substrate. It is recognized that other combinations of compliant pads and pressures may obtain similar results, and that different pressures and pressure gradients may be appropriate for different materials or cleave conditions. Similarly, the force may be applied between the top shell and the base shell by a variety of mechanisms, such as pre-set springs, weights, gas or hydraulic cylinders, or even a compliant pad with a graded durometer, the durometer being less near the gas port, where the cleave is initiated.
FIG. 6A is a simplified sectioned view of a tool 600 that combines a mechanical cleaving action with a pressure cleaving action. The tool has an edge 602 suitable for contacting the edge of a composite wafer. The composite wafer may have a perimeter groove, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, or may be composed of flush-edged wafers, as shown in FIG. 1C. The edge of the tool is lightly tapped against the edge of the composite substrate to help initiate a cleave. Gas is admitted to the cleave region via a gas port 616 incorporated into the tool edge to help initiate and/or propagate the cleave formed by the mechanical action of the edge of the tool. In another embodiment, thick walled tubing with a small I.D., or rod with a small center through hole, is sharpened to a chisel edge. Alternatively, the process may be performed in two steps using a razor blade, for example, tapped against the edge of a composite wafer before placing the composite wafer into a cleaving apparatus, as shown in FIG. 2A.
FIG. 6B is a simplified illustration of a substrate cleaving apparatus incorporating a tool similar to the tool shown in FIG. 6A. A composite substrate 40 formed from two substrates with flush edges, as shown in FIG. 1C, is placed in the cleaving tool. An edged tool 601 extends through the O-ring 614 to contact the edge 604 of the composite wafer. The edged tool is tapped against the composite substrate by letting a weight 606 of a selected mass supported by an arm 608 of selected length fall a selected height, h, to contact the edge tool so that the edge of the tool taps the edge of the composite wafer with a selected force and momentum. Other mechanisms can be used to create the desired force, such as a spring-loaded trigger mechanism or a pneumatic cylinder. A force sensor 610, such as a strain gauge or electrical switch, detects when the weight strikes the edged tool and triggers a pre-set pulse of gas from the gas source 220, controlled by the valve 222, which is coupled to the pressure sensor. Additional control structure is not shown for purposes of clarity, as such structure is well known in the art.
FIG. 6C is a simplified flow chart of a cleave process 620 according to another embodiment of the present invention. A substrate is first tapped with an edged tool as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B. It is believed that this can have many effects that promote cleaving, including providing a wedging force between the eventual cleaved halves of the substrate, initiating a scratch or crack to lower the energy required to initiate a cleave, and to form a small volume for the gas to enter and separate the substrate by gas pressure. After tapping the perimeter of the substrate with the edged tool, gas pressure is applied to the tapped region, as described above. The tapping and gas pressure may be performed essentially concurrently, sequentially in the same substrate cleaving tool, or at different locations and times.
While the above is a complete description of specific embodiments of the present invention, various modifications, variations, and alternatives may be employed. For example, although the substrates discussed have been generally round, substrates of other shapes, such as a rectangular shape, could be used. Specifically, a silicon-on-silicon wafer may be used instead of a silicon-on-insulator wafer, or a silicon carbide, gallium-arsenide, or silicon-germanium wafer may be surface finished. Additionally, the cleaved surface of the donor wafer could be prepared for another thin-film transfer by the above methods. Other variations will be apparent to persons of skill in the art. These equivalents and alternatives are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of this invention should not be limited to the embodiments described, and should instead be defined by the following claims.
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For nearly two decades, one of the most genteel ways to spend a Saturday afternoon in Bakersfield was to stroll a charming little shopping district on the tree-lined edge of downtown called the H Street Walk.
Mothers and daughters would celebrate special occasions at the Country Rose Tea Room, then tour the old homes made into cottage shops showcasing antiques, gifts and home decor.
But some of the rustic boutiques have faded over time. Next weekend, the oldest and perhaps best known of them, Fond Memories, is having a going out of business sale.
It follows a dozen or so shops that have closed or moved from the area over the last decade in the face of economic and cultural changes, as well the city's own expansion.
"The way Bakersfield grew, (the shopping district) just couldn't go on anymore," said Lee Anne Martin, the original owner of the Country Rose, which opened in 1989 and closed last year. She is working on a book of the restaurant's recipes and assorted nostalgia.
Cindy Hayes misses eating and shopping in the area. She remembers a special, personal ambience to H Street.
"I think the walking into those old homes, it just gives you, I don't know, a feeling of your hometown, I guess," the Centennial High staff member said.
Fond Memories owner Nancy Hall has good reasons for closing the business. She is 80 years old and anxious to dedicate more time to her ailing daughter. She has no room at home for the store's inventory, as her husband, Don, will attest.
Everything is to be sold at half off Friday, Saturday and Sunday of this coming week.
Her ivy-covered shop, built as a home in 1923, is bedecked room to room with a high-end collection ranging from antique furniture and Italian dinnerware to French soaps and crystal stemware. Out back, a leafy patio leads to a showroom, formerly a garage, where a bed outfitted in fine linen is delicately overhung with twigs -- touches not seen in chain stores.
Hall's friends and customers are sorry to see it all go.
"She had such good taste and it was just fun to go in there and visit with her and see what items she had in," said friend and customer Barbara Grimm-Marshall.
Diane Lake, a Bakersfield friend since first grade who used to travel with Hall to shop for antiques in New York, stopped into the shop regularly to check out new items.
"It was a fun thing to do on Saturday afternoon because she always had something interesting," she said. "It always gave me a lift."
An inviting scene spread over more than a block on each side of H north of Brundage Lane. Easy freeway access drew customers from Fresno, Los Angeles and beyond.
As neighboring merchant Roger Upton recalled, shoppers were after the English country manor look: teacups and lace, a bed and breakfast feel.
He was the primary force behind Renaissance, a two-story co-op where people rented space to sell home decor. They partnered with other shops to put on annual events -- May Days with maypoles, Christmases with carolers and warm cider.
"It was a big deal," he said. "People came."
Change arrived from many directions. The surrounding neighborhood gradually became rougher; vandalism encroached.
Style changed as well. Modern and French influences came. The younger generation didn't want what it saw as "grandma stuff," Upton said.
Meanwhile, suburban Bakersfield was expanding to the northwest and southwest. Shoppers embraced strip malls and chain stores. Antique dealers moved closer to the core of downtown.
When the Great Recession hit, furniture and home decor stores had a particularly tough time as home sales plummeted and discretionary spending all but dried up. Shops closed not only on H Street but across the city.
These days, some of the H Street homes are vacant. Not far away, professional offices and salons bring foot traffic -- and so do a few boutiques. One is Fond Memories' next door neighbor, Into the Forest.
Owner Shirley Valov carries on the H Street tradition with a country-flavored mix of moderately priced home items. It has an outdoor area with repurposed items such as weathered wooden doors reimagined as garden accents.
Customer Kay Henry found an old porch glider there that was rusted and beat up.
"It was a joint effort with my family to refurbish it for my sister's 50th birthday," she wrote in an email. "It's beautiful!"
Valov said she loves her place on H Street.
"I don't want to up and relocate because, I don't know, there's just something about the house," she said.
Although she's sad so many shop owners left, Valov said she's hopeful the street will maintain its special place in Bakersfield tradition.
"In a way," she said, "it's still here."


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Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz
12:22 pm
Fri August 9, 2013
Jimmy Heath On Piano Jazz
By editor
Originally published on Mon August 12, 2013 8:20 am
Saxophonist, composer and NEA Jazz Master Jimmy Heath is the middle child of an illustrious jazz family, the Heath Brothers. A bebop player and big-band leader, Heath also performed with Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie and John Coltrane.
In 2001, Heath joined host Marian McPartland and bassist Rufus Reid for an hour of unforgettable talk and music, including "You've Changed" and Heath's most famous tune, "Gingerbread Boy."
Originally recorded Oct. 17, 2000. Originally broadcast Feb. 6, 2001.
Copyright 2013 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.


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Barun Sobti
Barun Sobti
Courtesy: Barun Sobti
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Celebrity : Barun Sobti
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you deserves all the best
barun sobti
i love u
Barun sobti keep rocking and no one can be like you barun only you can make ASR looking so good on screen
Love u a lot Barun
Missing you so much!!!!!
Love you loads Barun! Stay happy!
Barun sobti keep smiling
And keep rocking always
Be happy and blessed Barun!
Love you Barun Sobti :p
Love you Barun Sobti :D
Miss you hamesha Barun Sobti <3
nice pic
You're adorable Barun Sobti Love you :*:*


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Bislr API
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wedding come plz *shREDed* (remix) Traducir este cómic
por kattaratta y otros
Creative Commons Monday May 21, 2012
79 visitas | 44 comentarios
My dear little brother? Wed before me? I can't express my disaprooval. But I'm so proud of you, Bloodclaw. See you there. ~Boo-Boo Kitty
oh hi if you want to go to our wedding remix this comic cats only a evil only to
name; Boo-Boo age; 3 3/4 how do you know us; Dear little Bloodclaw here is my younger brother. A year appart, was it? are we close; Ahahaha, very. Like sister, like brother, we always said!
If you like, Blodniss, I can design your wedding gown and such. I am the most famous cat designer in North America.
Éste es el enlace para compartir este cómic:


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Gear Review
Andrew McLean
The probe to get
If you are going to carry a probe (and you should), this is the one to get. It isn't the lightest or easiest to assemble, but it is very strong and won't let you down. Doily little carbon probes and ski pole probes bend and break in hard snow or avalanche debris. The G3 Pro Tech probe will not only last through many practice probes, but will work when you leave it set up for weeks at a time while probing glaciers for crevasses.
The large diameter tubing and stout ferrules are a plus. The downside is that the screw top adjustment takes time, but hopefully your partner can be digging for the victim while you are getting your probe set up.
View More Details on G3 Professional Tech Probe


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You are here
Andy Cowan Announces Dates
Andy Cowan is one of Australia's foremost performing songwriters. He possesses a voice that invites comparison
with the likes of Tom Waites or Leonard Cohen, with the soul of Ray Charles. But these are superficial comparisons, Andy's
virtuoso Piano and Keyboard playing contain both energy and melodic beauty. His songwriting and performing skills give him a
strength and quality that define him as the complete artistic entity - the "King of the Keys".
"…Cowan shows himself to be a great songwriter and musician" (Ed Nimmervoll - Music Australia Guide Magazine)
Andy's musical career began in Melbourne, Australia, growing up in a household surrounded by music. Following
classical piano studies he began exploring piano improvisation, and absorbing musical ideas from rock, soul, blues, jazz and folk
artists, and developing his very distinctive signature style that has matured with time. His influences include Ray Charles,
Chopin, Dr John, Pete Johnson, John Coltrane, Muddy Waters, Otis Spann, Bob Dylan, and many more.
Andy received Blues Album of the Year 2000, Blues Performer of the Year 2001, Male Performer of the Year 2003
and was an ARIA nominee for his "10.30 Thursdays" CD. He was also awarded second place at the International Blues
Convention in Memphis, Tennessee, USA in 2002. He has arranged and performed on movies soundtracks including the
Australian cult classic "Stone" and has toured internationally and throughout Australia for more than four decades.
In the 70's and 80's he was a hired gun for legendary Australian bands, Madder Lake, Ayers Rock, Kevin Borich,
Renee Geyer and Ian Moss to name but a few. Since 1998 Cowan has recorded seven CD's and filmed a live DVD at The
Basement in Sydney and The Corner Hotel, Richmond, Victoria.
".....nothing but pure class" Mark Doherty-Rhythms Magazine
Andy Cowan and Band will be doing a series of dinner/shows:
Friday September 21 Lizottes, 1/629 Pittwater Rd Dee Why, NSW (02) 99849933
Saturday September 22 Lizottes 31 Morehead St Newcastle NSW (02) 4956 2066
Sunday September 23 Lizottes Lot 3 Avoca Drive Kincumber NSW (02) 4368 2017


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The Wauconda village board will meet at 7 p.m. Tuesday at village hall, 101 N. Main St., to approve a budget for the 2014 fiscal year and other issues. A public hearing on the related appropriation ordinance will precede the meeting at 6:45 p.m.
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i have a Z1 with the latest fw,, every time i try to call it takes couple of seconds before it actually initiates the phone app and call,,
it even displays the working circle,, it wasn't the case two months ago,,
please help,,
XDA Developers was founded by developers, for developers. It is now a valuable resource for people who want to make the most of their mobile devices, from customizing the look and feel to adding new functionality.
Are you a developer?
Copyright © xda-developers. Hosted by Leaseweb


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Timothy McCormack
Just another weblog
Posts filtered on Category
Social Media
- Copyright infringement
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- Copyrights
- Cos-Play
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- Employee Contract Legal Battle
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- Legal
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- Technology Lawsuit
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- Timothy B. McCormack Attorney at Law
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Copyright Cow Comments of PhoneDog Case
Posted by Timothy B. McCormack on Thursday, January 5 at 10:14am
WHAT COMPANIES AND EMPLOYEES NEED TO KNOW ABOUT ITS SOCIAL MEDIA ASSETS LIKE TWITTER, FACEBOOK, GOOGLE+ Last week both CNN and the New York Times reported on a recent lawsuit in California over a Twitter account. The dispute alleges damages of $340,000 and pits a former employee over his former employer. This article gives a […] [Read More]
Categories: Employee Contract Legal Battle , Legal , Social Media , Technology Lawsuit , Technology Lawyer | More
Tags: phonedog | Seattle Social Media Litigation | Seattle Technology Law | Seattle Trade Secret Litigation | Timothy B. McCormack | More


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|Tolkien Gateway is 10 years old. Sign up today to edit TG and help us grow for years to come.
3 July
Events that occurred on 3 July.
[edit] On Earth
- 1956 - J.R.R. Tolkien writes Letter 190.
- 1972 - Mythcon 3 in Long Beach, California.
- 2002 - Booster packs of "Realms of the Elf-lords", the third set in The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game, are released.
- 2006 - The Gathering of the Fellowship convention in Toronto.
[edit] In Arda
- There are no known events for this day.


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Thank you.
Yes, I was asked to show my ID by a fellow who has known me since I was 10. His wife and another neighbor also work the polls. It was all organized and there was not a problem. If I didn't have an ID, they had forms to fill out and send in so that an ID could be obtained in time for the November election. I truly don't see the big deal. And I also don't know how, in this day and age, someone doesn't have a form of photo identification. You are not always going to be where people know you. Perhaps I just need to go back and put my head in the sand.
And why is that, hyPAcrisy? You're too good to have your children associate with "those people" at East High? Seriously? CDSD is managed by money hungry idiots, and the District is full of close-minded bigots. Your precious babies are going to be exposed to "them" eventually. You want the best for your kids just as I do mine, but I guess what the best actually IS is something that we differ on. I am very proud to be part of the area that feeds into East. We live in a nice community that rallies around each other and supports each other. Diverse, yes. Different cultural and socioeconimic backgrounds, yes. And that's why I like it. I'd take it over white bread snobs who are only worried about the almighty dollar any day.
Huge surprise. The Board went in there knowing who they were voting for. What the people had to say didn't/doesn't matter. That was made quite obvious by the Board checking their phones for messages while the residents were speaking. Heck, I'm surprised Jay Wenger found time in his schedule to even show up. This is such bull. I'm sick and tired of this back door crap. She is a plant and a puppet, plain and simple. We had our chance to get rid of Wenger at the last election, and we almost did it. Region 1 people better start stepping up, or it's only going to get worse. No one is gonna fight the fight for us! Hold on tight, this isn't over by a long shot!
Looking forward to it! WOW! I never saw that pic.
I was thinking the same thing, Swataraguy. Jeesh!
Fortney Webster - Resident of Region 1 for 20+ years, East High Grad, Kids East High Grads
Price - Resident of Region 1 for 10+ years, 2 kids in Region 1 schools
Grady - ??????
LOL! Can I get a comma??? Just one comma?
And what is Mom doing about it?? Bailing his sorry butt out of jail or kicking his loser self to the curb? As a parent your first responsibility is to your child. I don't know this woman, and I making assumptions, but I can just see the woman explaining to her son why Uncle Tyler did this, and how we have to be sensitive because of blah, blah, blah, and making the kid feel like it's his fault.
No kidding?? Did he know the lady? Did she know him? What was he doing there at 2:30 in the morning? Did he just knock on the door, she opened it, and he cold-cocked her? DETAILS, PLEASE! Or don't even bother. Ugh, these PL articles.
I was in school during Dumaresq's reign and could never understand why they fired her, especially after she had been named PA super of the year. It has been all downhill since. I'm still in the district, with kids in the district, but tired of all of this.
I'm glad Mr. Thompson stated that it will be an "open and comprehensive search"; however, stating that "the board will hire an agent to help establish the characteristics that the district seeks in a superintendent" concerns me a bit. The Board also hired EI Associates to assist with the Building and Enrollment Study Committee, and the top choices were to close schools. I hope the board LISTENS to the community so they can make an informed decision when determining what "characteristics the DISTRICT seeks in a superintendent".
I hear what you're saying, just_thinking, and realize that as the kids grow and go to middle and high school, new relationships will be forged with other children feeding into that school. What burns me is that closing/combining schools is not the only thing that could be done. What about redrawing the lines? West Hanover is bursting at the seams. Paxtonia is crowded, too. Redrawing lines for those schools and having some children go other places would help that situation. But as soon as you start talking like that, there are MANY who can't handle it. God forbid your student from Paxtonia ends up in a school with someone from say the Southside or Rutherford areas. This is just an example, but hear where I'm coming from.
I like what you had to say about us being part of the bigger community which is CDSD, but there are those who don't want to be a part of it. They want to have "their" half of the district, feed into CD, and forget about us on the "other side of the tracks". East is and always has been the red-headed step child (no offense to red heads or step children) and an afterthought. Changing that way of thinking could/should start with redrawing the lines.
Two of the schools on the chopping block are in Region 1. This is not a surprise or an accident, IMO.
When I was in school, one of the perks of getting to high school was being able to sleep in. I want to think the first bell rang at 8:45 and school started at 9:00. Now it's the opposite. My elementary school children don't start school until 9:00. They are up with the chickens, why not have them going to school earlier? And the idea that the middle school bus riders have to be out at the bus stop at 6:55 a.m. is ridiculous. They are too young to be outside standing in the dark in all kinds of weather waiting for the bus. In my district, middle school starts at 6th grade.
We don't know why he was facing termination. There is some speculation that it is because he stood up to the administration at a board meeting a few months back. I wanted to know what happened, how it was being dealt with, and what is the plan for leadership at Swatara Middle. None of this was addressed. The article provided exactly what those in attendance received first hand after waiting 90 minutes, no information and no answers.