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Sunday, July 29, 2001
(Media roundtable in Canberra, Australia. Also participating was Michael P. Owens, deputy chief of mission at the U.S. Embassy in Canberra.)
Rumsfeld: I'm delighted to be here. The event is an important one, and 50 years is a long time. I know; I've been married 47. So 50 years is quite an impressive number of decades for this relationship and the two countries have been through a great many things. I have no idea what it will look like 50 years from now, and I doubt if I'll be here, but I suppose we'd be the host in the United States, anyway, wouldn't we, for the event. But if you think of all the things that have happened in the past 50 years the United States and Australia have been through together, it is absolutely beyond imagination what people 50 years from now will be thinking when they look back on this coming five decades.
There have been so many changes and things seem to happen so rapidly. People used to worry about their neighbors. Today with the range and reach and power of weapons, everyone is your neighbor, to a certain extent. I have been impressed that the Australian government have been attentive to, and interested in the revolution in military affairs and have recognized the changes that are taking place in the world, as indeed they are. We had a difficult job during the Cold War, when one thinks about it, of focussing on a single expansionist nation, where the task was to try to know what they had and what they were thinking of doing, and how many ships, guns, tanks, planes, and missiles they had.
Today the task of course is quite different. We need to be interested in a number of countries, and given the end of the Cold War and the relaxation of tension and the proliferation of technologies throughout the globe, to say nothing of the acceleration in the new generations of technologies, it makes it a distinctly different set of problems. We have been doing a defense planning review in the Unites States, and if one looks out over the very near term, one can reasonably imagine where threats conceivably could come from, and the kinds of defenses you need to deal with them. If one looks out even to the medium term, that's not so easy. I was interested having just gone through my confirmation hearings in January to note that, when Dick Cheney had his confirmation hearings in 1989, there wasn't a single mention of the word Iraq and within a year, we were engaged in a conflict in that part of the world.
So, it is never possible to know precisely what can happen next, but I think that looking forward, it's even more difficult to know. Although you can know the kinds of capabilities that are there, and the kinds of problems you might find, even though they conceivably could come from different locations. I think back just during my time, the dramatic shift from the shah of Iran to the new regime that took over there in a very short space of time.
In any event, I'm delighted to be here. Secretary Powell and I would not have come this distance -- I'm going straight back; I came straight here and am going back straight back -- if we didn't recognize the importance of Australia and the importance of this relationship. I'd be happy to respond to gentle questions -- I've had a long night.
Q: Well, secretary, perhaps I could start following up on your opening remarks. Your defense planning review, we've read quite a bit about it here. Clearly it's still a planning review in that there's nothing yet you have decided. Could you give us more insights into your thinking about why this review is necessary? Is it because, for instance, that you see that American defense posture in the past as being more Eurocentric or is it because the revolution in military affairs is forcing you to do other things? Could you just lead us through some of your thinking about why you need to review American military strategies?
Rumsfeld: Well, first, the two obvious ones: One is that Congress requires it. They passed a statute requiring that every four years there would be a Quadrennial Defense Review. The second obvious reason that people tend to forget that the president of United States campaigned -- one aspect of his campaign was that he intended that there be a defense policy review and he has asked me to do it. So I am without choice from either side, and I must say that I'm happy to be doing it. The other reasons -- going to your questions obviously -- are that there was a significant downsizing that took place at the end of the Cold War, and it's what's left over that counts, and one wants to then look at it and ask the question, "How do we feel about how we're arranged?" given the changes that have taken place in the world with the end of the Cold War, and the revolution in military affairs, as I mentioned.
Where do we see the needs for us to be rearranging ourselves? I think that it would not be right to say that our policies or our strategy in the past have been too Eurocentric and I don't think the fact that the defense planning studies have suggested that Asia is clearly important, suggests that life as a zero sum game. It isn't. If you look down from Mars on Earth, obviously there are a few handfuls of countries that believe in free economic principles and free political principles. A number of them are in Europe and a number of them are in Asia, and they are all important because they are central to the relationships of the United States with respect to the prosperity that we're all able to enjoy, and the fact that we can get up and go out of our doors in the morning and go about our business. And that's underpinned by peace and stability, underpinned by the kinds of capability that dissuade people from trying to impose their will on their neighbors, to the extent that's possible, and of course it's not perfectly possible, and it has never been in human history.
But, we believe it is important to rethink the subject of deterrence and what dissuades people. We know that no one thing dissuades all people. We've had overwhelming nuclear power in this world and yet we've seen the Korean War and the Vietnam War and lots of other conflicts, the Gulf War. So, we know that they don't deter everything. We see very powerful weapons falling into the hands of people who behave very differently than a democratic system would. Even differently than the old Soviet Union might, where you had a Politburo and a general staff and various things that might inhibit behavior. A number of counties that have access today to weapons of mass destruction are lead by people who don't have things that buffer them or moderate behavior.
Q: In terms of the revolution in military affairs, there have been some reports suggesting that one of the things being looked at is the option of pulling back from some of the forward bases between Japan and South Korea, to the continental U.S., given the technical ability to project firepower in the event that it's needed. Can you maybe expand a little bit on that? Is that an option for the U.S. to be able to pull back some of its forces currently forward-deployed because of technological changes?
Rumsfeld: Well, certainly the one thing that's different about Asia from Europe if you're positioned in the United States obviously, are the distances. We do not get up in the morning and worry about a strategic nuclear exchange with the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union has gone. We don't worry about a tank battle across the north German plain. What you do have to be attentive to is the fact that we have significant interests both in the Atlantic and the Pacific regions, and in the Gulf. When one thinks about it, forward presence has its advantages. It has disadvantages as well. It can be somewhat more expensive. It also creates targets. We've had problems with Scud missiles killing people in barracks in Saudi Arabia ten years ago. But if the goal is to deter, I would think that one would have to say that forward presence has an advantage, and I would not think that it is an either-or situation. One does have to worry about access. If you are attempting to do something, you need the ability to do it and the denial of access given the nature of weapons today is something that people have to be attentive to.
Q: Sir, I'll ask about the political context of that question of forward bases in the U.S. itself. I know there's already been decisions to cut significant numbers of bases in the continental U.S.A.
Rumsfeld: Oh no there hasn't. There has been a decision to propose to the Congress that they consider a modest reduction in the base structure, which now exceeds our force structure by something like 20 to 25%. I don't want to be picky, but...
Q: I'm wondering whether it's going to be all that persuasive if you had 100,000 troops based off shore in Asia.
Rumsfeld: I don't know that there's a direct linkage there. I think there's a pretty clear understanding in the United States Congress about the value of our forces, for example in Japan and Korea. I think that clearly-- I shouldn't say this because it isn't clear to me yet-- one would have to look at Europe as well, for example, at base structure, given the changes that have taken place. There have already been a number of changes in the base structure in Europe. But I don't see that direct correlation that you're drawing there. I think members, people of the United States and members of the House and Senate, understand the value of forward presence.
Q: Just bringing you back, more directly to the Australia-U.S. relationship and its military dimension. The Australian government white paper last year proposed very clearly giving priority to a force structure which was based on the self-reliant defense of Australia; that's its aspiration anyway. Is the U.S. necessarily satisfied that an Australian force structure focussed primary on the self-reliant force of Australia would be particularly valuable to the alliance in the region, if basically we are concerned about the defense of Australia? Or would you prefer to see Australian forces structured to go further afield, perhaps in support of U.S., things that the U.S. might want to do?
Rumsfeld: Well, I think those are issues for Australia to decide. It seems to me that the white paper was a good piece of work. It focussed on the future, and certainly the military-to-military relationships between the United States and Australia have been longstanding and very constructive. Without question, to the extent that countries that share common values and have common interests work together and develop the ability to function interoperably, it strengthens the deterrent and it enhances the ability to defend in the event that deterrence fails. So I thought the focus of the White Paper was quite sound.
Q: Mr. Secretary, following up on that point, Australia spends about 1.9 percent of GNP of defense, a much lower percentage than the U.S. Are you concerned about interoperability? Are we falling behind in our ability to operate with U.S forces because of the RMA and the Australian Gap?
Rumsfeld: Oh gosh, I haven't been in this job long enough to respond to that knowledgeably. But I would say if you ranked countries, Australia clearly ranks very high in terms of its willingness to focus on capabilities that are going to be needed in the future, and in terms of its willingness to focus on the importance of defense capabilities generally. As long as I can remember there have always been differences in the way countries approach these matters, and that's understandable. People's circumstances are different, and I think that's perfectly understandable.
Q: Going back to an earlier question but also related to some of the other questions that have just been asked. A senior U.S. officer said recently -- I think his position was the head of U.S mobility command -- I've forgotten his name. But he said that at present, he used the word toehold, the U.S. toehold in terms of facilities in the region was extremely limited. He said that if the U.S. could no longer rely on some of its old Vietnam era facilities in the region it might look to increasing that toehold in places like Australia. He was making the point that you might want more access to facilities in Australia. I think the Australian defense minister said today that if that was to be proposed, he would be very open-minded to it, in an interview on television this morning. What's your view of that? In the future will the U.S., short term or medium term, need greater access in a place like Australia?
Rumsfeld: I think exactly how things will evolve is really an open question. We're not at that point where we've come to those kinds of conclusions. There are so many things that are changing. The range and reach of weapons today is so much greater than in earlier periods, the power of those weapons is greater, the use of space assets today in terms of intelligence gathering and communications is changed. Nothing has come out of a review at his stage that has lead me to suggest that we ought to alter our relationship with Australia.
Q: What about the increased traffic of heavy transport aircraft, for example, which is one of the points I think that maybe that officer was referring to?
Rumsfeld: Without seeing what that officer said or who he was or what his perspective was, it's hard for me to comment on it. The United States has a shortage of airlift and has had for some period, but I just don't know what he might have had in mind.
Q: Secretary, you'd be disappointed I'm sure, if we didn't ask you about missile defense. When your colleague Mr. Kelly was here a few months ago, he outlined America's thinking in this area. I'm wondering if you had an Australian response and if so what your view is on that response? And secondly, I'm wondering whether or not in the future of missile defense you would be looking for Pine Gap facilities here to do anything which they haven't done in the past, or to change their activities, which may mean some form of change to the agreements we've had with the Americans over the years in relation to Pine Gap?
Rumsfeld: We're certainly not at that stage at all. Where we are is that the prior administration for eight years had concluded that they did not want to alter the ABM Treaty. The ABM Treaty is designed to prohibit missile defense. Therefore if one is interested in having missile defense it's clear you need to do something about that treaty. Which is why President Bush and President Putin have been talking about this, and why Secretary Powell and I have been talking to our counterparts in Russia. And begun the process of looking to establish a framework for the relationship between the United States and Russia that is considerably broader than missile defense. That treaty was between two hostile nations one of them is gone and we're looking at a full range of things -- political, economic, reductions in offensive nuclear weapons and the like.
Where we are is that when we came into office the president asked that we look at a broader range of ways of reducing our vulnerability to ballistic missiles and to look at it unconstrained by the treaty. So we have been developing a research and development and testing program that will do that. We have not landed on an architecture or architectures plural with respect to missile defense at this stage, because those things had not been looked at previously and they require some testing and some development. When we moved down the road somewhat further one would assume before we need to do anything that would bump up against the constraints the treaty that we would have developed a framework with Russia that sets aside the treaty and enables us to go ahead and do that kind of testing and developing and ultimately deploying. If I had to take a guess, I would guess that what we'd end up with is some sort of a layered, so to speak, layered architecture, but it's too soon to tell what it would look like.
Q: Could I get you to touch on the question of alliance relationships not just with Australia but the region. Do you see that there is a need to reinvigorate your bilateral alliance relationships in East Asia and if you do, what practically does that mean in terms of changes? And the final part on my question is, what kind of response do you think that would likely evoke from China if you did sort of move down that path?
Rumsfeld: Well of course that question is probably better directed to Colin Powell who will be landing tonight, and I think that I'll leave it to him. China is evolving as other countries are, but somewhat more than most countries, and it's not exactly clear which path or paths it will take. It's obviously trying to knit itself into the world economy, which is a good thing. It has the potential for affecting other aspects of China's circumstance. They are also obviously still a dictatorship and don't practice the kinds of freedom of press or freedom of religion or various other things that Australia and the United States do. How that will affect their evolution over time is unclear. But I think that they are, and they're going to do what they're going to do. We can hope that they integrate with the world in a way that doesn't have a grinding of gears, that it's a smooth and successful interaction.
The United States has been a participant in this part of the world for an awfully long time. I don't know that our involvement changes much, but how it might take place or in what ways with respect to alliances I really would leave to Colin. I will say this: alliances are very important to the United States and we have a number of them. They're things that we care about. I used to be the ambassador to NATO for example. We recognize as a country the importance of those linkages. For myself, obviously the ones that have the greatest vitality are the ones that tend to link like-thinking nations. But others are important as well, because they provide other opportunities for people to come away with a better perspective of each other's circumstance.
Q: Mr. Secretary I wonder if I could get you to [inaudible] your attitude to multilateral security arms control agreements. I'm sure you're aware that there have been conversations recently between Australia and the U.S. over the Biological Weapons Convention verification regime, and I am aware that there is some unease in Australian circles about the U.S. continuing commitment to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. What is the U.S. attitude now to these sorts of agreements which, because of the different sizes of our two countries, have some security value to Australia that the U.S. clearly doesn't think they have for the U.S.?
Rumsfeld: Well, first it's not clear to me that the size of the country makes a lot of difference. Maybe I just haven't thought it through from that perspective. The president has indicated that we intend to abide by the test ban moratorium. So I don't know that that's an issue at all. With respect to the biological protocol, the United States of course has signed the treaty. We're a participant and we recognize the importance of attempting to avoid the spread of biological weapons. I see an awful lot of intelligence and I see a non-trivial number of countries that are actively engaged in weaponizing with respect to biological warfare.
If one goes back to the treaty, it was very clear when the treaty was drafted that the people participating were aware that just by it's nature it was not verifiable. I looked the other day at the treaty. The treaty is about that long and the protocol is about like this. It is something that is something that has been signed onto by countries like Syria, Iran, Iraq and various -- I could be wrong on one of those but a number of nations that have -- how do I say this? It's been signed onto by nations that are not noted for their restraint with respect to some of these activities.
Without trying to speak for the president of the United States, for myself, I think it's important to try to find ways that we can increasingly over time develop better confidence that we are doing what we can do to reduce the likelihood of those kinds of weapons. It would be a mistake I think to suggest that the United States, which is a party of the treaty, has any less interest in reducing the likelihood. Indeed, we spend a good deal of time and effort on trying to find ways to reduce the likelihood that those weapons may be used.
One thing to keep in mind about agreements is that something that seems to solve a problem but may not, could conceivably have the effect of lessening people's efforts to stop that problem. Because it kind of causes you to relax and say, "Gee, everything is going to be alright." In this case we all know that, unlike nuclear weapons, for example, that take a certain amount of infrastructure and a certain amount of hi-tech materials and a certain amount of intellectual and experienced technologists, biological weapons and these things can be done in relatively small places in very discreet ways with enormous lethality. So I guess what I would say is that we both agree, we all agree on the undesirability of allowing these things to run rampant. Many countries have agreed to the treaty. The real question is how do we develop greater confidence that we can achieve our goal.
Q: In relation to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, you're saying that the U.S. has given, the president has given assurances that the U.S. won't test, which is well and good. But the fact that the U.S. won't ratify the treaty, doesn't that give a wrong signal to other countries of the world who are trying to encourage not to develop nuclear weapons in terms of horizontal proliferation, quite apart from whether the U.S. tests or not?
Rumsfeld: Well of course the subject of nuclear weapons in the broadest sense seems to be considerably bigger and broader than that question. On one hand we ought to acknowledge something, that we've had nuclear weapons on the face of the earth since 1945 and they've not been fired in anger since that year. That's an amazing accomplishment for humanity when one thinks about it. I can't think of any other instance where there's been a very powerful weapon that's not been used for the long a time. Second, there are any number of countries that could have nuclear weapons in fifteen minutes and one of the reasons they don't is because they felt they were not needed. That is to say that they have felt that the so-called nuclear umbrella of the U.S. capability enabled them to not go down that road. That has been a good thing; it seems to me that the feeling of vulnerability by a country that has the capabilities of developing those weapons would be something that would encourage them to develop those weapons.
I would submit that missile defense, for example -- the ability to defend against a ballistic missile -- would be something that would help dissuade someone. It would be an anti-proliferation activity, if you will.
One of the things that you have to worry about if you do believe -- the fact that the United States has nuclear weapons has been an essentially a stabilizing factor in the world and we recognize that things don't last forever -- one has to look to the safety and reliability of that stockpile. It is not out of the realm of possibility that as the years go along and people retire who know how to do these things -- and other people don't come along who find that that's really the way they want to spend their lives, signing up to develop nuclear weapons when no one is developing nuclear weapons. It's not beyond the realm of possibility that at some point in the not too distant future someone will give you a phone call some day and say, "Gee I'm awful sorry to tell you Mr. Secretary but..." The stockpile is -- we have enough indications that a category of our weapons have aged sufficiently that they're not reliable or they're not safe, either one. In which case then what does one do if you still believe that it has been generally a stabilizing factor in the world? There are many complications to issues like this and a President of the United States needs to take all of those into account it seems to me.
Q: Mr. Secretary how important is space to the new U.S. defense technology, and how do you respond to suggestions of some folks that there's a danger that the way the U.S. is going now is to militarize space?
Rumsfeld: Well, it's important in your life everyday in terms of the signals you receive from space, whether it's pagers or video signals or radio signals or all types of telecommunications. Space has been of considerable importance and enormously helpful since the Eisenhower administration in the United States when the first Corona satellite went up. We were, after eleven straight failures, finally able to succeed with the one that worked and could look down and actually begin counting the numbers of ICBMs that the Soviet Union had, and disabuse ourselves of the impression that was rampant in the country at the time that they had many more than they actually had.
We use it today for verification, for arms control agreements. One of the problems with space is that the more advanced a country and the greater their dependence on space, it logically follows that the greater their vulnerability. To the extent that you have that dependence -- and I say that word it's almost a bad word, it sounds negative. To the extent you have all of the advantages of using space to see and to hear and to know things that can be enormously helpful in terms of stabilizing the world and contributing to prosperity -- to the extent you have all of those advantages you tend to not have redundant systems anymore and you therefore tend to have a certain degree of vulnerability. One has to think about those vulnerabilities.
In Kosovo the United States armed forces had about 10 percent of the people they did in the Gulf War just a few years before, and they used one hundred times the bandwidth. Now, it wasn't all from space but it is important now.
With respect to the second part of your question, we haven't changed our policies at all from the prior administration's, our space policy remains the same. I chaired a commission on space that looked at the organization, how we arranged to deal with these things and we made some organizational changes, but nothing dramatic.
Q: Could I pursue this question of strategic vulnerabilities? One of the things that I've noticed is a sort of shift of focus if you like in the U.S. about defense of the homeland and including against asymmetric threats, some of which you have just discussed. I was wondering whether you could comment on the whole issue of protection of critical national infrastructure from, in particular, computer-based attacks because that's something that increasingly Western countries, developed countries are facing together, including Australia.
Rumsfeld: The Gulf War clearly told people that it's not a good idea to compete with Western armies, navies or air forces. That drives one logically to find some other way. If you want to go and lob ballistic missiles at somebody, or you want to invade Kuwait, or you want to do something harmful to your neighbors, and you don't want anyone to interfere with you, then obviously what you would look for is something other than competing with armies, navies, and air forces. And they run the spectrum, the gamut, across this spectrum of asymmetrical threats from terrorism to cruise missiles to ballistic missiles, various types of weapons of mass destruction, and including cyber attacks.
You know there are some countries you could attack -- make a cyber attack -- and they wouldn't realize you'd done it. Not true of your country, or our country, or a number of other countries. It is a fact of life today that we are being interfered with in various ways. I used to be involved in an electronics company. The electronics companies today hire high school kids to sit down and go in a room and figure out how to defeat what they are doing. It is what it is, and it's going to be there, and we have to learn to live with it, and we can live with it with that kind of a world. We just have to know that those kinds of threats are there.
In the United States we've got an awkward situation in that, clearly, Australia and the United States have had a wonderful benefit. We've been a long way from the threat of someone coming across our borders. We haven't had to worry about that really. Today you do have to worry about it because the borders are kind of disappearing and the reach of weapons and the things people can do change that.
Homeland defense for the United States is important because we are visible as a nation. We have seen terrorists attack things and we know the reach of weapons today. We know today, for example, ballistic missiles can be launched from relatively unimpressive surface ships where you can peel back a cargo cover and with a transport or electro launcher can launch a less than intercontinental range ballistic missile and do a whale of a lot of damage, relatively easily. Biological weapons, chemical weapons, we know what is going on in that sphere.
So the question is, what do you do about it? Well, we clearly in our defense planning review have to elevate that issue to a level that hadn't been there before, because we don't get up in the morning and worry about Canada and Mexico invading. They're good neighbors. The Defense Department, however, sounds like it's the place to deal with that. Why else would you say Department of Defense? And yet we have a law that prohibits our military from really engaging in the kinds of things domestically that a number of other countries' militaries are engaged in all the time. We have a Posse Comitatus law that inhibits us in that regard. The first responders, for example, with a weapon of mass destruction, or a real serious terrorist attack in the United States, are the local sheriff, and the county commissioner, the mayor, and eventually the state government, and the state police.
Of course, the first phone call that anyone's going to make is to the Department of Defense, which is the institution of size that has the kinds of assets that could assist with major management of that type of a problem. So we're in the United States kind of ruminating about how we deal with that and the president has asked the vice president to sort through that with him, and the Congress has passed statutes that suggest the need for some reorganization. We do have an organization called FEMA, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which has a significant central role in that.
But the Department of Defense -- if there were a major event in the United States, there would be mass movement of people. There would be a need to manage hospitals, and food, and quarantine, and all of that type of thing. There isn't any institution, besides the Pentagon, that even begins to have the kinds of capabilities to do that, and yet we thus far have been inhibited from thinking those kinds of things through. I don't know if that was your question, but it is something that we clearly have to think about a little better than we have.
Q: Mr. Secretary, I wonder if I can bring you right back to this bilateral alliance between Australia and the U.S. You have mentioned that it's now 50 years old. The fact that it is 50 years old doesn't necessarily mean that it will become 100 years old. I am just wondering that if the world has changed so much since it was signed in '51 -- Cold War has finished as you've noted, given the changes in the world, it's much more multi-polar in nature -- what does the U.S. now expect of Australia in order that this relationship would maintain its vitality into the future? You know, the simple clear threat has gone, and it's a much more complex world, as you now find, what does the U.S. now expect of Australia to keep that alliance vital and relevant?
Rumsfeld: Well, you're right. I mean, age alone doesn't give value. I think what gives value to this alliance is our common values, our common interests, our economic and political relationships, and the fact that we basically get up in the morning and hope for the same thing for the world; a peaceful world, a stable world where people can go about their business. I don't think of it as 'what does the United States expect of Australia?' I think of it as, what do the two countries and other like-thinking countries in the world want this world to be like, and how can we as a single country, or two countries in this case, or other countries, work to help create an environment that's hospitable to the things we believe in.
Now, the behavior pattern to do that, unquestionably, changes as the world changes, and just like a marriage doesn't stay static -- an alliance doesn't stay static. Think of the changes in NATO, just in my adult lifetime. There have been enormous differences. I went to a NATO meeting not too long ago and sat next to the Russian minister of Defense. On the other side was a Ukrainian minister of Defense and the last time I'd been there, why we were getting up every day and thinking different thoughts - 25 years before. So, I would change the construct of the question here.
Staff: Sir, we've time for one more here?
Rumsfeld: But then I've got a request. I want everyone to go around and tell me what I've said that's going to get me in trouble, and then and I'll clean it up before you get out of this building.
Q: We couldn't let you go without asking about Indonesia. Just wondering if you have a reaction to the events there recently, and would the U.S. be looking to reengage military-to-military relations with Indonesia anytime soon?
Rumsfeld: Well, the DCM here is an expert of Indonesia, as I recall. Isn't that right?
Owens: I don't know if I'd go that far, Mr. Secretary. I lived there for a while.
Rumsfeld: My deputy Paul Wolfowitz is a former ambassador to Indonesia who lived there as well, and it is a large and important country, and I think that the United States has wisely worked with Australia and in many instances, taken their lead. I am anxious to reestablish military-to-military relationships with Indonesia. We have some Congressional limitations at the moment, which I would hope we'd be able to work through over the coming period. It's a difficult thing. One of the first things that happens when a country has some difficulties is there is a tendency for countries to want to disconnect. Military-to-military first and then ultimately other things, and those are tough calls.
I was at Nasser's funeral, and walked in the Department of State said that there's a vice president named Sadat who's acting president -- Nasser used to change his vice presidents all the time because he didn't want anyone getting too strong -- and this fellow would last about 15 minutes they said; and we came out of that meeting, and he told us that he had been trained in the U.S. Army school in the United States, and had a wonderful feeling for the United States. Had no issue with us at all except Israel. Here he had Russians, Soviets all over his country at the time -- 1970, and those linkages between professionals in country after country after country have been enormously helpful.
You know that because you've had those exchanges. I was a navy flight instructor for a period, and trained people -- pilots -- from all kinds of different countries around the world -- Japan, Germany, Australia. I even had a Cuban, if you can believe that -- that's how old I am -- that was before your time. I think that we ought to be slower to nip those things because, in some countries that are evolving and changing the military can be a stabilizing influence. Notwithstanding the fact that their culture or their background, or their experience, may lead people to look at some of the behavior that takes place and say, gee it's not consonant with the way we treat people. And that's true, and it's not admirable, but it doesn't mean that we should shoot ourselves in the foot.
Q: Should there be any preconditions, for example, in relation to the prosecution of senior members of the Indonesian military accused of rights violations in East Timor, and not put too fine a word on it, a massacre in East Timor following the vote in 1998. Should the prosecution of those people be a precondition for any renewal of those big-city talks?
Rumsfeld: Those are the kinds of issues that Secretary Powell, and the president, and the members of Congress, clearly have to address, and weigh as they give consideration to this.
Q: The question that I wanted to ask, you know in finalizing is that, a lot of the stuff that you spend your time on day-to-day is all about maintaining the peace, globally. It's big picture stuff, you concern yourself about war fighting capabilities, war between states and so on. In this part of the world we are much more focused on small 's' security issues: internal security of problems spilling over into developing states and affecting our regional security environment. East Timor is an example of that. So, I'm just wondering whether, when you're sitting in your desk in Washington thinking about the big picture, you're sensitive to the slightly different security concerns about this part of the world. When I say this part of the world, I am really talking about South East Asia and the South Pacific. Can I ask that question?
Rumsfeld: The macro view is something you have to keep trying to get your eyes up to. It is not something where you start every day. You start every day down in the micro pieces. I mean there is no question. I mean, right now we're wrestling with the problems in Macedonia and they're not modest -- they're serious. A lot of the people don't like each other and they have weapons, and we've got troops that are in those countries, and we have constant connections and interactions with countries in this part of the world. We have hostages in the Philippines. There are portions of the world today that are not being governed. There are portions of countries that are not being governed. I am not going to say they're ungovernable because that judgmental. There are big chunks of Colombia where we have hostages taken and problems.
Our relationships in all of these key countries in this part of the world is something that we think about -- you know, if not everyday, almost everyday. They're part of the fabric. They're what create the broader context that we live in, and you can't just look at things generally. You have to look at things in the specifics, because that's what makes up the general picture. I mean, the fact that Australia is a long distance from Washington, D.C. does not mean that it's out of sight, out of mind. It isn't at all. Certainly Indonesia and the difficulties that your countries face, and other countries in the region face when you have internal eruptions and difficulties and uncertainties are things that we're attending to, as well.
Q: One area I wasn't quite clear about is interoperability and joint operations. If there was, for example, to be the U.S., as President Bush said very early on in his presidency, the U.S. would defend Taiwan against China, did you expect Australia to be part of such a joint operation?
Rumsfeld: First of all, I would not presume it's going to happen. My hope and wish, and certainly the president's and our country's [view] is that we will see a peaceful resolution of those issues. They tend to ebb and flow in terms of levels of concern over the decades and so the fact that they rise in importance in the press on one occasion doesn't mean that they're not going to see the pendulum move back, and I suspect that will be the case. I think that Taiwan recognizes the importance of managing its affairs in a way that moves towards a peaceful solution, and I think that the People's Republic of China recognizes the advantages that accrue to them by managing that relationship in a way that leads to a peaceful resolution.
So taking and answering that hypothetical case, I think, could lead to a headline that I would be uncomfortable with. So instead of responding directly to it, I would say that what Australia does with respect to anything is for Australia to decide. Apparently we more often than not come out looking at the world and the problems similarly, and I think that's a reflection of the kinds of people we are. We both have representative systems, and we elect our leadership. Leadership in our respective countries seems to frequently find their way to reasonably right decisions, more often than not, similar decisions.
Staff: Thank you.


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NORTHEAST SWEEPS NORTHWEST FOR FIRST DIVISION WINS OF YEARDecember 4, 2012
BOONEVILLE, Miss. – Great Southern writers could not have scripted better home North Division openers for the Northeast Mississippi Community College men and women's basketball teams.
In the women's contest, Northeast's Brian Alexander watched a former player step to the free throw line with a chance to seal the game for Northwest and in the men's game, Tiger head coach David Robbins suffered through a furious late-game comeback.
However, Alexander and Robbins put the finishing lines in the final paragraph as both walked out of Bonner Arnold Coliseum on Monday, December 3 winners.
Alexander's crew stepped away with an 88-82 win in overtime after former Lady Tiger Nikki McChristian missed a pair of free throws with 0.3 seconds to go in regulation that would have given Northwest the win.
Robbins captured a 95-92 win against the Rangers as Tyler Brunson blocked a Domonique Harris three-point attempt in the waning seconds of the game.
Northeast's sweep also gave both Alexander and Robbins their first North Division wins on the year and moved both the Lady Tiger and Tiger basketball clubs to 4-4 overall and 1-1 in the North Division play.
In the opener, Northeast rallied from an 14-point deficit with 6:07 remaining in the game to force overtime at 71 apiece on a LaTonya Gadison layup with six seconds remaining in regulation.
However, Northeast's valiant effort was almost for naught as Gadison was whistled for a foul with 0.3 seconds to go sending McChristian to the line with the Lady Rangers needing one point to virtually ice the contest.
McChristian missed the first shot to the left and the second bounced off the back iron before falling into the hands of Lady Tiger Talisa Boyd and sent the game into overtime.
Northeast rode the momentum from the second half rally into the extra period to pick up its first division win of the year.
AfterMcChristian's jumper with 3:50 left in overtime gave the Lady Rangers a 75-74 advantage, Northwest would never lead again as the Lady Tigers went on a 14-7 run to end the game.
Gadison's jumper with 3:31 showing gave the Lady Tigers the lead for good and Shrita Dixon, Gadison and Boyd would help the Lady Tigers race out to a five-point lead just a minute later on a four-point possession by Northeast.
But it was the 14-point comeback that set the stage for the overtime victory, Antoinette Riddle connected on an old-fashioned three-point play at the six-minute mark that started the rally for the Lady Tigers.
Riddle's "hoop and harm" and Von Hall's three-pointer from the left corner cut the game to 65-57 with 4:56 to play and the run was on for the Lady Tigers.
Playing without leading scorer Angelia Allen, who fouled out with 5:26 to go in regulation, Hall and Riddle took over on the offensive end for Northeast.
Following a Monique Biggins free throw with 3:32 showing, Hall and Riddle tallied five straight for the Lady Tigers in slicing the lead down to 68-65 with 2:08 remaining.
Northwest pushed the lead back to five with 34 seconds remaining but a Dixon bucket and Riddle make within nine seconds of each other closed the gap to one with 13 seconds to go setting up the furious finish at the end of regulation.
In the nightcap, Northeast looked to have its first North Division win sewn up with a 12-point lead with 1:40 to go after a Brunson dunk off a Markeevius Brown assist but Northwest had other plans.
A Kenyatta Jones three-pointer at the 1:27-mark started the rally and Northwest would close the gap to three and have a look at a tying bucket before Brunson locked up the game for the Tigers.
Harris pulled the visitors to within five quickly with an old-fashioned, three-point play and a free throw in a 17-second span to make it an 89-84 game with a minute remaining.
However, Booneville's Keldrick Lesley came off the bench to give the Tigers some breathing room and knocked down a pair of freebies pushing the lead back toseven with 55 seconds remaining.
Northwest would not go away quietly as Tristan Moore's layup and Jones' two free throws sandwiched a Brunson point for a four-point contest with 31 ticks showing.
Ian Burress gave the host a little room with a free throw at the 29-second mark but Jones' jumper with less than 20 seconds remaining cut the lead to three.
Lesley and Harris faced off in the final seconds as Lesley accounted for Northeast's final two points and Harris made it a two-point game.
Lesley's freebie with 17 seconds to game was matched by Harris' layup with 10 remaining for a 94-92 contest but Lesley gave Northeast a three-point cushion with nine seconds to play by making the first of a two-shot foul.
After Northwest rebounded the miss on the second attempt, the Rangers had an open look at the basket when Harris went coast-to-coast but Brunson was able to alter the game-tying shot.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ship's Log Extract - SS Australis, Chandris Lines, 10 Apr - 03 May 1972 Reg. No: SH 990998
- Summary:
- Souvenir ship's log extract issued by Chandris Lines for the SS Australis voyage from Southampton, England to Fremantle, Australia from 10 April 1972 to 03 May 1972. It provides details of the voyage, including activities and events happening on the ship, the name of the Captain and the number of passengers and crew. It was collected by the donor when she emigrated from England to Australia, with her her husband and their three children, in April-May 1972.
- Description:
- Glazed white card with print of watercolour on front cover depicting the Acropolis and surrounds. Chandris Line blue flag with white cross on back cover. Inside, printed in blue, Extract from Ship's Log May 3rd, 1972.
- Acquisition Information:
- Donation from Mrs Jacqueline Gardiner, 1999
|24.90 cm (Height), 16.70 cm (Length)
More information
|Tagged with:
|assisted immigration, immigrant voyages, shipping lines, immigrant shipping, shipboard travel, english immigration, shipping industry, ship memorabilia, 1976
|Themes this item is part of:
|Migration Collection
|Primary Classification:
|Secondary Classification:
|Travel - Shipboard Life
|Tertiary Classification:
|reference materials
|Front cover: S.Pat. Back cover in blue print: Chandris Lines. Inside : Chandris Lines/s.s. Australis/Voyage 34 Southbound/Captain S.J. Challioris/Extract from Ship's Log/Arrival at Freemantle May 3rd, 1972/Ship's displacement: 35,250 tons/Number of passangers: 2,291/Number of Crew: 520. Followed by extensive text from Ship's Log.
|Place & Date of Event:
|., 10 Apr 1972 - 03 May 1972
Dates given for travel from Southampton to Fremantle
|Issued By:
|Chandris Line Ltd., England, Great Britain, 1972
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Hang tight!
Recipe by DAVES_POOKY
"My husband loves kosher salt, so I made a homemade seasoning salt with it for him. I use it whenever called for in a recipe, tastes just like the kind I buy at the store."
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7 tablespoons
kosher salt
2 teaspoons
1 teaspoon
dried thyme leaves
1 teaspoon
dried parsley
1 teaspoon
dry mustard powder
1 teaspoon
garlic powder
1/2 teaspoon
chili powder
1/4 teaspoon
curry powder
1/4 teaspoon
ground cumin
1/4 teaspoon
dried dill weed
loved it. similar to a recipe formerly on the back of the kosher salt box, a recipe I really loved but never wrote down. They're now prinitng a new recipe on the back of the box. This is very close. loved it.
Just didn't care for this.
11 Ratings
I like the flavors, now I'm just looking for places to use it.
Trying to limit sodium intake, so cut salt amount in half. The spices more than make up for the lost salt flavor. Thanks!!
Left off he dill - allergic to it - and it is still stellar!
I just put "Kosher Seasoning Salt" on my crispy homemade french fries, and it taste surprisingly like the seasoning salt that the "New york Fries" franchise uses. Good stuff! Thank you DAVES_POOKY for sharing your recipe.
I use this on virtually everything and it tastes great! Thanks for sharing!
Very good! Recipe just enough to fill a larger sized shaker.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Kosher Seasoning Salt
Serving Size: 1/48 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 48
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 1
Calories from Fat: < 1
With our 2,700+ chicken breast recipes, you'll never serve the same old chicken again.
The firm, juicy texture of zucchini make them a perfect side to toss on the grill.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
A simple, savory finishing salt that's also an inexpensive gift idea.
A simple taco seasoning mix that's lower in salt than packaged mixes.
Turn simple spices into a flavorful fajita seasoning blend.


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Hillel Soifer
Assistant Professor
4th Floor Gladfelter Hall
Phone: 215-204-6494
E-mail: email@example.com
Hillel David Soifer (Ph.D, Harvard University, 2006) is Assistant Professor of Political Science (Comparative Politics). His research focuses on issues of political development in historical and contemporary Latin America. He is currently completing a book manuscript on the origins and persistence of variation in state power in Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, and has published related articles in 'Latin American Research Review' and 'Studies in Comparative International Development.' He is also interested in the implications of state weakness for both political outcomes and our theories of political science. Dr. Soifer's teaching interests include Latin American politics, comparative politics, the origins of democracy and dictatorship, historical and contemporary approaches to the state, and political methodology (research design and qualitative research methods.)
Website: http://astro.temple.edu/~hsoifer/Website/Home.html


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Don't pay, just visit – that's the loud and clear message for visitors to LifestyleGreen 2012. The extended Jubilee weekend in early June is the ideal time to head to the event that brings affordable, realistic and money-saving measures into your life in an achievable but greener way.
Supported by Power NI and hosted by NIEA (Northern Ireland Environment Agency), the free to visit event for all the family is set in the popular and scenic Crawfordsburn Country Park and will take place on Sunday 3 and Monday 4 June, 11-5pm.
Free access and parking are further enhanced with a complimentary tree sapling from Forest Service for every visitor and a free to enter Power NI competition for a complete solar garden system will also be up for grabs!
Sample in-season, locally-sourced food, try out a little natural health, visit the craft section, learn how to revamp your clothes, listen to talks and take part in hands-on workshops to include old skills – and have a lovely day out into the bargain, with woodland walks and the choice of two of Northern Ireland's popular beaches; Crawfordsburn and Helen's Bay!
Craft sessions for children from Blue Frog Recycled Crafts and Education will be available throughout the two-day event, keeping little ones happy and creative. While unusual animals will put the spotlight on habitats, conservation and endangered species both locally and globally as Mantella Environmental Education bring their menagerie to the event; expertise on hand and advice on wildlife, flora and fauna.
Keeping the conservation theme and protecting the future for generations to come, Belfast Bee Keepers' will bring their portable observatory and give the latest facts on how we can all increase bee numbers through better planting. Indeed the current UK campaign to increase the level of native wildflower planting not just in rural but urban spaces will be explored and perhaps through the event extended to include Northern Ireland.
Re Store, the local charity group who keep coming up with brilliant solutions to starve landfill sites, will bring their newly launched Re:Cycle brand to LifestyleGreen 2012. Upcycling in every sense of the word!
Re:Store's Cathy Megahey explains:
"Re:Cycle is another exciting project from Re:Store aimed this time at diverting bicycles from landfill by repairing and refurbishing them and then selling them through our shops. In short we are promoting an alternative way of transport and a healthier life style."
"We will bring 12 bicycles to the event ranging from adult's and children's bicycles. All bicycles on display at the Re:Store stand may be purchased at the event and 'cycled away'! Not only supporting a great charity and preventing needless waste but getting a great deal while boosting your energy levels on the way."
Crafts, fashion, food and food for thought on a diversity of subjects and topics will once again make LifestyleGreen 2012 the place to pay a visit to this year!
For more information regarding visiting or exhibiting at the event please phone 028 9065 6407 or visit lifestylegreen.com which will be updated with more information soon.
Why not visit takesplace.info for other greener events around Northern Ireland and if you have an event that fits the bill why not upload while you're there – it's Northern Ireland's dedicated green event portal and you've guessed it, it's free of charge!
Events presently listed include free to visit events such as LifestyleGreen 2012, (3/4/ June), Crawfordsburn Country Park; Safari – Wild About Animals, Crawfordsburn Country Park (29/30 September); 9th Natural Health Fair, Ramada Plaza, Belfast (Sunday 11 November).
Plus paid for events such as the red Santa who is really green at Santa's Red Letter Days, Crawfordsburn Country Park, December 2012, Blue Frog Make and Take recycled crafts and education and Mantella Environmental bringing nature to you at Balmoral Show this year!


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The United Way of Central Kansas will launch its 2013 campaign Saturday with a goal of $235,000 to be reached by Dec. 31. Each year, Executive Director Julie Bugner-Smith comes up with a catchy theme to make the kick-off an entertaining and enjoyable evening. This year it's "Peace, Love and United Way," a 60s theme to coincide with the 50th anniversary of United Way in Barton County.
It may seem unpatriotic, especially as area residents cast their ballots in today's primary, that the Barton County Commission voted Monday to continue the ban of fireworks in unincorporated areas of the county. In the resolution, commissioners declined to set a deadline for them to reconsider the action. Instead, the prohibition is in place indefinitely.
"A citizen of America will cross the ocean to fight for democracy, but won't cross the street to vote in a national election." – Bill Vaughan, columnist
The Barton County Commission carries a heavy yoke into the Aug. 13 budget presentation and public hearing.
The Aug. 7 primary is just over a week away. Amid the clamor of the contentious presidential race, it is easy for this important local election to get lost in the shuffle.
On Thursday night, the Great Bend League of Women Voters will hold a candidates' forum. The group has invited those on the ballot for all the county-level offices as well as for the state House and Senate.
Great Bend City Council member Dale Westhoff recently approached Great Bend Convention and Visitors Bureau Executive Director Cris Collier in regards to the Convention Center now owned by the city. Collier said Westhoff asked some very pointed questions and was shocked by the answers.
Well, here we are, smack in the middle of another election year with the Aug. 7 primary looming. Elections always stoke the editorial furnace here at the Tribune, and this year should be no different. With some candidate endorsement letters starting to trickle in and some campaigns starting to call and ask about how to make such submissions, it is a good time to offer a refresher course on out political campaign letter policy.
The announcement came out of the blue Tuesday, like a bolt of lightning from a Kansas storm cloud. The Kansas Department of Agriculture's lease of the historic Mills Building in Topeka was set expire in September 2013 and the agency was shopping around for a new site for its headquarters.
There is a disturbing commercial on television for a leading national buffet-style restaurant chain. Basically, it advertises that the same dining establishment that brought their customers the endless chocolate fountain that oozes molten chocolate ad nauseam now offers unlimited cotton candy. One's blood sugar spikes just watching this ad.
The State of Kansas has a website dedicated to the redistricting process. The home page reads as follows:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that vaccine-preventable disease levels are at or near record lows, said Barton County Health Department Director Lily Akings. She and Public Health Nurse Melissa Hagerman will share this good news when they address the Barton County Commission Monday morning. They might gloat a little as well.
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text:
The Egglift is an appliance to cook boiled eggs made out of LEGO bricks, powered and controlled with LEGO Mindstorms.
- The original Egglift idea is from famous French inventor Roland Moreno.
- The black-and-white wheel light sensor is an original idea from Benjamin Erwin in his excellent book Creative Projects with Lego Mindstorms
- Thanks to [http://mailto:r.olivero_at_wanadoo.fr Richard ''Vauban''] for his help and advices.
- LEGO is a trademark of The LEGO Group. This document is not endorsed, sponsored, or authorized by The LEGO Group in any way.
Step 1: Description:
The Egglift is mainly composed of four elements:
1. A metallic perforated non-LEGO basket where you lay the eggs. The basket, made of metallic wires, is fairly small and can contain 2 eggs maximum.
2. A winch that contain a motor to pull up or down the basket through a string and also a light sensor to detect the position of the basket. (in red)
3. A LEGO RCX to pilot the basket through the winch and a 180 seconds temporization (adjustable). (in yellow-grey)
4. Finally, a LEGO structure where the three above elements are graft. (in blue)
Step 2: Instructions of operation:
- Fill up a pan with water, and place over a cook top.
- Place the Egglift (with its basket in up position) above the pan, in a way that when the basket is in down position, it fully goes in the pan.
- Place one or two eggs into the basket.
- Turn on the cook top.
- Push the button Run of the RCX.
Sorry for my errors my computer is freaking out on me.
i think i speak for myself and many others that standing by a simmering pot of water waiting for eggs to cook is a complete mismanagement of time. this is awesome.
Go eggs!
+5/5 stars.
(added to favorites)


text:
Hotels/Motels close to Skyline are provided below in the order of their distance (closest first). Explore our hotels/motels to find accommodations near Skyline (Lemon Grove CA) for your upcoming individual or group travel.
We show the best lodging close to Skyline so you can review the discounted Lemon Grove CA hotels below and book your perfect hotel.
Lodging/Accommodations close by Skyline
Next 20 Hotels > [1 - 20 of 25]
Next: Show All Available Skyline Hotels with Pricing >


text:
Service cost, utility charges concern Coastal Bend residents
CORPUS CHRISTI - A woman wondered if she was overcharged for an exterior blind repair, another woman wants others warned about wastewater charges, and a man saw through a pastor phone scam.
Someone mashed Patti Janosek's exterior storm blind with a hunk of concrete. She called those who installed it to find out about replacement. Two service men responded from Academy Window Coverings.
Janosek learned her aluminum hurricane blinds no longer are manufactured. A comparable replacement would cost more than $400. One of the men straighted the three slats that were mangled.
The blinds were operable afterward, Janosek, 84, said.
She was given a bill for $108.25, which she reluctantly paid. She contacted Troubleshooter to find out if she was overcharged.
The company's minimum service call in the city is $100, and $8.25 is for sales tax the company must pay, said Ernestine Valadez, co-owner of the business. Most service calls require two technicians, she said, because someone has to operate an exterior blind from inside, while another makes adjustments on the outside.
The company charges $25 more for out-of-town calls, including to Padre Island or Portland.
An alternative would have been for Janosek to file a claim with her homeowner's insurance company since the damage was caused by vandalism. The amount of her deductible would determine if it was worth the cost.
Academy Window Coverings has had two complaints with the Better Business Bureau, according to its website. Both were resolved, and the company has an A+ rating.
Save water now or pay later
Faye Bromfield placed new sod in January, which required watering until it took root.
Now she's paying for it, she said.
Bromfield asked Troubleshooter to remind people that the city assesses water usage from December through February to set wastewater charges, beginning in July, for the rest of the fiscal year.
Bromfield used less than 1,000 gallons of water last month that cost her $9.58. Her wastewater charge was $33.55. That's because it's based on her usage during the watering of her new sod nearly a year ago.
The goal of the wastewater averaging is to keep a more constant cost during summer watering.
If you have a leak during the winter averaging period, the city can make adjustments. Contact the customer call center at 826-3440 to request a winter quarter adjustment package, which you fill out and submit to the utilities business office along with receipts for the incident.
Police warn of phone scam
An 83-year-old Corpus Christi man got a call Thursday from a man claiming to be clergy with a U.S. embassy in Mexico City, police said.
The caller told him to wire $1,600 via Western Union to have his daughter released from a Mexican jail for possession of marijuana.
His daughter was in Missouri, where she lives.
It's not a new scam, but they continue because many people fall prey to convincing criminals, police said.
Police recommend talking with family, church and community groups to remind them not to give out banking, credit card or personnel information to any phone caller.
Subscribe to the Caller-Times
Need Help? Call us at 1-800-566-8098.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 7am-11am / Sunday: 7am-11am


text:
The Womens Arcteryx Alpha LT Jacket is a lightweight 3 layer shell and the tool of choice for the fast and light alpine crowd. Made with Gore-Tex Pro Shell, the Alpha LT Jacket boasts the latest evolution of this well known and well trusted waterproof and breathable fabric. Gore-Tex Pro Shell still delivers that classic Gore waterproof protection, but is now stronger and more breathable than Gore-Tex XCR, giving you the ultimate in weather protection. Fully taped seams with Gore seam tape provide maximum protection from the elements.
The ARC'TERYX Alpha LT Jacket's front and pocket zips are WaterTight to keep the water out of places where it normally gets in on these hardshells. Reinforcements on the shoulders and elbows of the this Arcteryx hard shell provide durability for a pack or rough terrain.
The Womens Arcteryx Alpha LT Jacket also features an improved Storm Hood that is fully compatible with a climbing helmet. The harness Hemlock prevents the jacket hem of the Alpha LT from rising above a climbing harness, preventing any interference the jacket has on a harness. One handed pull cords allow the Alpha LT easy adjustability in inclement weather. The Womens Arc'teryx Alpha LT Jacket provides performance and durability in a featherlight package.
|11.7 oz
|320N GORE-TEX® Pro Shell 3L


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We have products by Claire Burke; luxurious bath and body items by Vitabath; wonderful & unique wedding favors, gifts and accessories; Tyler highly-scented soy candles; wonderful soy candles and fragrance diffusers from Sweet Grass Farms; SeedBallz and HerbBallz for your gardening pleasure; products and gifts for your new baby or toddler; and now the incredible Cricut Expression cutting machine for all those DIY and scrapbooking projects!
About Dogwood Square.com
See our ad in Southern Lady Magazine
And we don't stop. I am always looking for additional quality products which will compliment the products we already carry.
I still do have a "day job" as an IT Systems Manager for an Alabama State agency. I also have years of experience in data security with a couple of large banks. I have seen first hand how dangerous identity theft can be and am very mindful of protecting customers' personal and financial information.
I am currently in charge of all the computers and networks in our agency which can be really stressful some days. I am known as the computer "geek" at work which is probably fitting because I am very comfortable sitting at my PC. So this little business seemed a wonderful combination of two of the things I really enjoy...working with computers and offering people marvelous gifts they will be as proud as I am to give to family and friends.
I really enjoy talking with the folks who drop by Dogwood Square (by e-mail, that is.) I enjoy helping them find a gift for a family member or friend. I am glad to offer them what, I feel, are really quality items for them to choose from...items which I use and am proud to give to my family and friends.
I believe in treating all of my customers as if they are good friends and try to give them the very best customer service I can. Everyone is always welcome to come into Dogwood Square and look around and I am sure there is something there for their home, their family, their friends or themselves...
DogwoodSquare.com has been in business since August, 2003, and each month seems to be better than the last. This is a home-based business and not by any stretch, a large organization. I am the principal employee with my husband helping out every once in a while. I am the filler of all orders, answerer of all e-mails and maker of most decisions. I offer FREE shipping on all orders of $50 or more and of course, no one from outside the State of Alabama pays sales tax.
The phone number on the site is basically just an answering machine since I work at my "day job" every day, but if you leave a message, I will call you back in the evening when I get home.
If you have had a good experience at Dogwood Square, please tell your friends and family and we would always like to hear from you too. If you ever have any questions, comments or suggestions, please feel free to e-mail me at firstname.lastname@example.com. I monitor my e-mail pretty constantly. I would request that your communications be polite and respectful. Who knows, your comments may end up on our Customer Comments page. On the other hand, if you have a problem, we want to hear about that too.
Please also see the Customer Service page with the FAQ section at the bottom for more information regarding shipping, etc.
Thank you for your interest in my company and I hope you like the products I have chosen as much as I do. My wish for you is that whatever item(s) you purchase, it/they will give you or the gift recipient as much pleasure as they give me in presenting them to you.
Della Franklin, Owner
Dogwood Square


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- Formerly part of the Charlie Thomas Collection- 330/255 HP OHV Hemi engine- Carter 4-barrel carburetor- Push button 3-speed automatic transmission- Coil spring independent... More
SUMMARYWith the exception of select parts and a 2014 repaint this DeSoto is a survivor1-owner carOriginal 341 cubic inch Fire Dome V8Original A488 Torqueflite... More
To be offered at Lucky Collector Car Auctions for another spectacular Fall Classic Sale... More
1956 DeSoto FireFlite Conv - RARE BEAUTY!! Full restoartion. Original Hemi engine and push button automatic trans. Excellent rust free body and paint. Excellent... More
This is one you don't see every day! One of only 1,485 produced, this top-of-the-line Fireflite is in beautiful rust-free condition with its original... More
Extremely rare 1955 DeSoto Fireflite Convertible for sale. This is an american classic that was restored fully in 2009. White with gold lines and... More
1956 DeSoto Fireflight Convertible Chassis No. 50368711 This '56 Fireflite Convertible has just had a complete body-off frame restoration done to the highest standards, with a... More


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Manage your account and
pay your bill online
In order for installation of all new residential, commercial & industrial service or construction where lines need to be extended to a facility and/or a new meter needs to be installed, a request for service must be completed (this would any requests for temporary service). Please contact our Member Services Department at (800) 255-6815 for assistance or you may complete the on-line application below.
Apply for New Service Form.
Members needing an existing service (established account) turned on/off, changed from one name to another or needing to make any personal information changes to their existing account(s) must contact the Member Service Department at (800) 255-6815.
that changing your thermostat setting even one degree can help you save energy and money
1500 Granville Road P.O. Box 4970 Newark, OH 43058-4970 DIRECTIONS
Member Services: (800)-255-6815
Electric Interruptions: (888)-535-5732 (24 hours)
Gas & Propane Interruptions: (800)-255-6815 (24 hours)
Copyright © 2011 the energy cooperative
licking rural electrification, inc. (lre) powered by APOGEE


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Jobs.ie API
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NEW ORLEANS (AP) - First-time All-Star James Harden had 30 points and the Houston Rockets broke out of their worst slump of the season by beating the New Orleans Hornets 100-82 on Friday night.
The Rockets, who had lost eight of nine and trailed by double digits in 12 straight games, led almost all the way this time. Harden scored 10 points and Patrick Patterson had six during a 16-2 run early in the third quarter as Houston took control, going ahead 64-46.
The Hornets never got closer than 10 the rest of the way, losing for only the third time in their last 10 games.
Harden, selected an All-Star reserve for the Western Conference on Thursday, handed out eight assists and was 12 for 12 on free throws.
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The Wall: Rome's Greatest FrontierPaperback
List price $15.61
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- Publisher: BIRLINN LTD
- Format: Paperback | 270 pages
- Dimensions: 127mm x 196mm x 23mm | 295g
- Publication date: 1 May 2009
- Publication City/Country: Edinburgh
- Illustrations note: col. Illustrations, map
- Sales rank: 170,558
Product description
Hadrian's Wall is the largest, most spectacular and one of the most enigmatic historical monument in Britain. Nothing else approaches its vast scale: a land wall running 73 miles from east to west and a sea wall stretching at least 26 miles down the Cumbrian coast. Many of its forts are as large as Britain's most formidable medieval castles, and the wide ditch dug to the south of the Wall, the vallum, is larger than any surviving prehistoric earthwork.Built in a ten-year period by more than 30,000 soldiers and labourers at the behest of an extraordinary emperor, the Wall consisted of more than 24 million stones, giving it a mass greater than all the Egyptian pyramids put together. At least a million people visit Hadrian's Wall each year and it has been designated a World Heritage Site. In this new book, based on literary and historical sources as well as the latest archaeological research, Alistair Moffat considers who built the Wall, how it was built, why it was built and how it affected the native peoples who lived in its mighty shadow. The result is a unique and fascinating insight into one of the Wonders of the Ancient World.
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Alistair Moffat was born and bred in the Scottish Borders. A former Director of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and Director of Programmes at Scottish Television, he now runs the burgeoning Borders Book Festival as well as a production company based near Selkirk. He has written twelve books, including Kelsae, The Sea Kingdoms and The Borders, all of which are published by Birlinn.
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'In The Wall, Alistair Moffat's fascination shines through as he captures the enormous endeavour of the builders along with the captivating human stories the stones still tell after nearly two millennia.' The Scotsman


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Steve Sailer says lefties favor gun control because they're afraid of blacks. Michael Moore says righties oppose gun control and want guns because they're afraid of blacks.
Do I detect the makings of a consensus here? It seems that if there's one thing both left and right can join hands and agree upon, it's that…black people are scary!
To my mind this suggests a Modest Proposal, a 'grand bargain', to resolve the problem of gun control once and for all. Simply, it's this:
We modify the Second Amendment to remove the individual right to keep and bear arms, and empower the government to ban guns and disarm citizens by force – but only for black people.
If Sailer is right, the left should be all for this – and once it's in place – their fears assuaged – will stop agitating for further gun control. Meanwhile if Moore is right, most righty gun nuts should be ok with it too, and – their fears assuaged – will voluntarily disarm over time. Thus this is a Pareto improvement that would actually be stable and have virtuous feedback effects.
As a gun-control opponent, I really can't imagine what possible objection a gun-control advocate could have.
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I'm curious as to how many asinine comments you are going to get on this post… hopefully I'll remember to check back in a few days
Sounds good to me. Let us give it a try. Besides, the hypocrite trash leftist are the most racist people in America anyway.
Read your Moldbug – Moore saying that whites want guns because they are scared of blacks isn't a lament, it's a boast.
"We've unleashed predators on you and you're afraid of them" is what he's saying.
I would love to see a system with two classes of citizens: (1) people who are positive taxpayers, or at least are not on public assistance, and have no felony convictions, and (2) those on public assistance/not taxpayers, and/or with felony convictions.
Guns, drugs, and voting would be legal for group #1. They would be illegal for group #2.
This plan seems simple, obvious, unambiguous, pragmatic, and moral to me. Such a plan would however, of course, never ever be enacted in modern America, because (1) equality is the religion of educated Americans, and a fanatical one for some, and (2) underclass votes are usually indispensable for any Democrats to get elected and for the permanent government bureaucracy to have a veneer of legitimacy. Also, as Steve Johnson says, the elites consider it a feature not a bug that the menace of the armed and dangerous underclass keeps the productive middle-class off kilter and preoccupied.
A Facebook friend of mine pointed me to an NYT article written by a historian who tells us that the Founding Fathers actually DID restrict gun ownership for blacks.
Doomed to repeat it and all of that…


text: A Mass Effect Reaper is Made Out of Gingerbread Todd Black December 22, 2013 Games 1 Comment In the spirit of the holidays the EXP Restaurant and Bar in Vancouver, has made a Mass Effect Reaper entirely out of gingerbread. The entire model, named HarGinger, is designed by Bad Ass Cakes and is made of gingerbread and frosting. If you're in the Vancouver area, go check it out. Just to be clear though, you cannot eat it… unless it starts talking to you and asks for your help to take over the universe. Source: Facebook via GameInformer Todd Black Do you suppose if that Reaper could talk and it insulted people that it would be referred to as a Ginger Snap?


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Most Liked Positive Review
Best Wireless System For Samsung
For starters, my family and I bought this wireless transmitter & TX card bc this company actually sold them as a package for a great low price. [$] for both pieces...Read complete review
For starters, my family and I bought this wireless transmitter & TX card bc this company actually sold them as a package for a great low price. [$] for both pieces [...] is the BEST DEAL out there and believe me, I've checked A LOT of different sites and companies online. If you bought the pieces by themselves, which is how you will most likely find them at other sites, you would be looking at anywhere from 150.00 all the way up to $220.00 or more. So the fact that the price is this low for the both pieces is incredible. With that being said, you would think that there must be something wrong with the system then? WRONG! It is absolutely PERFECT. Not only was the samsundg surround sound system a great addition (and you need this in order for this product to work) but now we are able to get rid of the bulky, un-nessasary wires that were showing, bc this system will be able to transmit sound to your back speakers wirelessly. You must have both pieces in order for it to work and thats why this system is great bc it provides both pieces to you at one low price. The sound is great as well. Its not going to get rid of your front right and left speaker wires but if you have a set up like ours where there are dvd stands along side of your t.v. on both sides then this will not matter bc the wires are already hidden. So again this is to make the back speakers work wirelessly only. Which is really all you need bc they are the main ones that tend to be seen. Even if you only have a t.v. on a stand by itself you would still be able to hide the right and left front speaker wires bc they will come up from the dvd player next to your t.v. so you still will not see them. So I would definately reccommend this product to anyone!
Most Liked Negative Review
Does OK, not great sound
Product works fine just wireless does not produce the best quality rear speaker sound I had hoped for.
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Great Product
By Razman
from Phila. Pa.
About Me Enthusiast
Comments about Samsung Black Wireless Transmitter And Receiver Module Kit:
Makes listining to your movies great
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Does what it is designed to do...
By Tuna
from Chicago, IL
About Me Casual User
sleak look, ease of installation.
Does what I wanted it to
By Francis
from East Kentucky
About Me Low bandwidth user
I put this in my crawlspace to hide the rear speaker wires, even though the signal is going throw the ceiling it sounds great
Small and mighty
By jcapt
from Marion, Iowa
About Me High bandwidth user
hdtv and samsung home theatre. I like that it is compact and easy to use.
By Phil The Greatness
from Pearland, TX
I had the entire product set up and ready to use in less than 10 minutes and it sounds great.
(0 of 4 customers found this review helpful)
Was very disappointed to find out that t
By Lois
from Howard, PA
I purchased this unit for my home theater sound system. I was disappointed to find out it does not make the complete speaker system wireless, just the two rear speakers. I dont think I would have spent the extra 100 bucks just for that.
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Great Product!
By Stevo31
from Fremont, CA
This product is exactly what I needed. But beware, when they say "wireless" that means it wirelessly connects to the receiver in the front. That doesn't mean you can have completely wireless rear speakers. You still have to connect the rear speakers to this transmitter. This just helps you avoid running wires from the front of your system to the back. That being said, this product worked great and synced immediately with my home theater system.
Great product
By Rich
from Salinas, CA
Very easy setup, and works like a charm. Prompt service and delivery from ABT, and the best price around. Highly recommended for anyone with a Samsung surround system looking to eliminate wiring clutter for the rear channels.
The best add-on product.
By al the patriot
from silverado, ca
On time delivery and in perfect condition. Setup was a cinch. Great sound and works seamlessly.
Too Simple
By Happy without wires!
from Springfield, Ma
THe product came in a few days, I removed it from the box and installed it in 15 minutes, actually I don't think it took that long. A+++ on both Abt and Samsung
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Thursday, August 13, 2009
© Copyright 2015 Newton Citizen
PORTERDALE - Raise taxes or cut expenditures - those are the two options presented to City Council members at a work session on Tuesday night by City Manager Tom Fox.Fox told council members that the city's General Fund revenue for 2009 is approximately $108,000 short of planned expenditures for the coming year, after calculating in some anticipated savings in wages and legal fees. The general fund, budgeted at $1.1 million, includes the Porterdale Police Department, city administration and public works. Fox had a similar message for City Council members last fall when it appeared that the city would face a $200,000 budget shortfall for 2009. The city was able to close that gap with the sale of its reserve sewage treatment capacity to the Newton County Water and Sewerage Authority. That sale netted about $208,000 and helped Porterdale balance its current budget; however, Fox told council members in February that the sale was a one-time opportunity that would not be available to help make ends meet in 2010. That cautionary note rang true Tuesday night when Fox told council members they would have to make some tough decisions in the days ahead. Fox said that the city needs to set its millage rate in early September so property tax bills can be mailed. Taxes are due in December. Porterdale's current millage for maintenance and operations is 8.764. Fox said in order to close the budget gap with a tax increase alone, the city would need to set a millage rate of 14.26 mills. That, he said, would translate into a tax bill of about $570 for the owner of a $100,000 home, a $220 increase over the current rate. Porterdale's net tax digest is $27.2 million and shows a slight increase over the prior year, Fox said. However, other revenues have decreased, including local option sales taxes, which are down by about $37,000. Fox said that the city's general fund is designed to be supported by fees, fines, forfeitures, local option sales taxes, and property taxes. In the past, he said, when these revenue sources weren't sufficient, the city has been able to transfer funds from the Water and Sewer Fund to the general fund in order to balance the budget without a millage increase. This year, however, Fox said he anticipates no extra revenue in the Water and Sewer Fund, despite a recent rate increase. Unlike cities with healthy reserve fund balances, Porterdale has no overlap of funding from year to year. "Since we don't really have enough reserve fund to carry us through the year, we depend on those taxes we collect in December to make it through the following year," Fox said Wednesday. "The millage rate (set in September) will be for 2009, but that funding will actually fund 2010." According to Porterdale's 2008 audit, the city's reserve fund balance for the general fund decreased to about $45,000, down from $286,223 the prior year. The audit attributed that decrease in large part to the economy, stating that the city "had no choice" but to "use prior year funds for operating expenses."
More like this story
- Porterdale: $1.1M budget proposed ( February 18, 2009 )
- Porterdale begins work on budget ( November 11, 2009 )
- Porterdale budget up for vote ( November 23, 2009 )
- Porterdale to raise mill rates ( June 25, 2010 )
- City, county approve 2009 budgets
Higher sales tax revenues predicted ( June 19, 2008 )


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