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Official MINI USA Paceman Pricing Announced
MINI USA has announced official pricing for the car a large number of MINI fans, myself included, are chomping at the bit to know more about. Drum roll please…
Base U.S. Pricing for the MINI Cooper Paceman: $23,900
As we'd previously speculated both here and on WhiteRoofRadio, buyers will pay a premium over the Countryman for the Paceman's flowing lines and sorted suspension. A $1,200 premium to be exact. As you climb the power ladder, the prices rise accordingly.
Cooper Paceman: $23,900
Cooper S Paceman: $27,500
Cooper S Paceman All4: $29,200
No pricing yet on a JCW version of the Paceman, as that hasn't been officially announced yet. What do you think? This pricing aligns with our expectations, but what about yours? Who out there is willing to part with $30k for a no-options Paceman All4. Sound off in the comments.
Full press release after the break, and be sure to check out Gabe's driving impressions of the Paceman.
[Official Release] The MINI brand is once again combining the expansion of its model range with a foray into a new vehicle class. The MINI Paceman will go on sale beginning March 16, 2013. It features powerful, dynamically stretched coupe lines and the hallmark MINI go-kart feeling, that teams up with the exclusive ambience of its versatile interior to make the latest addition to the MINI family a pioneer in the urban environment.
Sporting prowess and versatility also define the driving characteristics of the MINI Paceman. Three powerful engine variants will be available from launch, and the standard specification for every MINI Paceman will also include lowered sports suspension. This will be the second MINI model (after the MINI Countryman), to offer the option of ALL4 all-wheel drive.
The seventh model in the MINI family has a unique character all of its own, while displaying clear ties to the inimitable style of the British premium brand. While many MINI Paceman buyers will view their new car as a sporty 2+2 seater, the interior has been designed as a genuine four-seater with ample space for rear-seat passengers. Its innovative vehicle concept takes its cues from the needs of modern target groups, who will appreciate its confident appearance as much as the infectious driving fun it guarantees.
With its two doors and large tailgate, plus two full-size individual rear seats, the 162.2-inches long MINI Paceman complements the elegant sportiness of its proportions with a new rendering of the familiar MINI interior. The slightly raised seating position in the front of the car provides the driver and front passenger with an excellent view, while the rear passengers enjoy generous levels of space, outstanding lateral support and exceptional comfort in a lounge-style ambience. MINI Paceman has the same 102.2-inch wheelbase as the MINI Countryman.
In the U.S., the MINI Paceman will be available in three versions at launch – MINI Cooper Paceman with a base price of $23,900; the turbocharged MINI Cooper S Paceman at $27,500, Cooper S Paceman with ALL4 $29,200 – all of which will be available from March 2013 – including $700 D&H charge.
The engines available at launch for Cooper and Cooper S versions of the MINI Paceman, deliver 121 hp and 181 hp respectively. All the powerplants come with a six-speed manual gearbox as standard, with a six-speed automatic available as an option. The MINI ALL4 all-wheel-drive system is offered for the MINI Cooper S Paceman (as an option).
Design: powerful stature, sporty and elegant coupe lines
The innovative concept of a compact coupe crossover is expressed in a body design that combines dynamically stretched proportions with a muscular stance. This authentic embodiment of the MINI Paceman's driving properties is achieved within the established parameters of MINI design language. Its inspirational sporting credentials are immediately clear.
Traditional MINI design cues, such as the black bordering on the lower edge of the body, the side indicator surround on the diagonal link between the A-pillar and front wheel arch, and the clear three-level split of body, passenger compartment and roof, point – in a distinctive Paceman way – to their MINI family ties. The front end, for example, exudes power and presence thanks to its large, distinctively shaped headlights, strikingly sculptured hood and upright hexagonal radiator grille, which is framed on the MINI Paceman by a particularly broad chrome surround.
The fresh and individual character of the MINI Paceman comes across most prominently when the car is viewed from the side. Dynamically sweeping lines and powerfully curved surfaces imbue the car's appearance with sporting elegance. The coupe-style roof, swooping downwards towards the rear, sits seamlessly atop the passenger compartment. Its distinctive 'helmet' contours fit neatly into the coupé mould, the roofline flowing into the standard rear spoiler. The steadily rising shoulderline and gently downward-sloping roofline create unique side window surfaces that taper towards the rear, emphasizing the wedge shape of the silhouette.
The long doors each have a high character line, which connects the front and rear wheel arches and gives the body a lower-slung appearance. The extremely muscular rear wheel arches underline the MINI Paceman's broad range of use with the addition of ALL4 permanent all-wheel drive.
The most eye-catching new feature of the rear are the lights which, in a first for MINI, display a horizontal design. As with the slim and sloping coupe-style rear window, the chrome strip below it and the horizontal creases on the tailgate and rear apron, the form of the lights further accentuates the car's width. The concentric segmentation of the light sources in the rear lights is very much in keeping with brand tradition – as is the overall design of the rear, which reinforces the car's powerful stance.
The MINI Paceman is the first member of the brand's line-up to be identified by a rear nameplate. Eight exterior paint shades are available for the MINI Paceman, including the new Brilliant Copper, Blazing Red and – exclusively for the MINI Paceman – Starlight Blue variants. The roof and exterior mirror caps can be painted in body color, white or black.
Interior: exclusive ambience, impressive versatility
A model-specific interpretation of traditional MINI design principles shapes the look of the MINI Paceman's interior. Extensive use of horizontal elements champions the cause of sporting elegance. For example, the distinctive door ellipses have an extremely shallow and prominently three-dimensional form and extend back beyond the B-pillars into the rear compartment. The ellipses border the armrests and their integrated door pull recesses. For the first time in a MINI, the side window controls are integrated into the door trim. If the optional lighting package is specified, the door ellipses are bathed in an atmospheric light.
Matte-finished, ring-shaped borders in Carbon Black emphasize the form of the Center Speedo and the two air vents positioned alongside. Decorative inner rings in high-gloss black, or optional chrome, are integrated into the surrounds for the air vents and Center Speedo. Positioned below the Center Speedo, the CD/DVD and air-conditioning control panel and toggle switches are bordered in a contrasting color. Here, the matte black surfaces contrast appealingly with the chromed controls.
MINI Paceman is a genuine four-seater. The slightly raised seating position in the front of the car provides the driver and front passenger with excellent visibility. This effect is enhanced by the slightly forward-leaning arrangement of the familiar Center Speedo.
The pair of individual seats in the rear offer impressive shoulder room and headroom, outstanding lateral support and exceptional comfort, while cut-outs in the front seat backrests optimize legroom. The lounge character of the rear compartment is further enhanced by the armrests in the side panels. These are integrated into a circular rear trim element, which matches the color and material of the seats. The individual seat layout is highlighted by two mouldings in the load compartment cover which extend out from immediately behind the head restraints into the rear.
The standard-fitted Center Rail storage and attachment system runs from just aft of the gear selector to a point between the front seats. The second section of the Center Rail is fitted between the rear seats and extends back to the partition between the rear compartment and trunk. This makes it easier to climb over from one of the two rear seats to the other. A single-section Center Rail extending between both rows of seats can be ordered as an option, offering even greater flexibility when it comes to the positioning of standard and optional function elements. The optional lighting package includes illumination of both the Center Rail and door panels.
Front sports seats are also part of the standard specification for the MINI Paceman. As an alternative to the standard Diagonal Track cloth upholstery, customers can specify the Hot Cross cloth/leather combination, Gravity leather trim or exclusive Lounge leather variant. A bespoke selection of upholstery colors, interior surfaces, Color Lines and other design features offers a wide range of individualization options for the interior.
The high-opening tailgate of the MINI Paceman and its low trunk sill allow the luggage area to be accessed in comfort. Standard load capacity is 11.6 cu-ft, increasing to 38.1 cu-ft when the rear seat backrests are folded down. The options list for the MINI Paceman includes a storage package (containing features such as additional function elements for the Center Rail), a rear carrier preparation and a trailer coupling.
Engine range: extremely powerful, remarkably efficient
The well-known MINI 1.6-liter powertrain variants will be available from launch, each with four cylinders and a zesty power delivery accompanied by remarkably low fuel consumption and emissions thanks to fully variable valve management, based on the BMW Group's VALVETRONIC technology, a system which optimizes both the engine's responses and efficiency.
The MINI Cooper Paceman produces maximum outputs of 121 hp and 114 lb-ft of torque. The 0-60 mph dash is all over in 9.7 seconds (automatic: 10.8 seconds) and top speed stands at 117 mph (automatic: 114 mph).
Under the hood of the MINI Cooper S Paceman, a twin-scroll turbocharger and direct injection enable this engine to generate maximum output of 181 hp at 5,500 rpm, while peak torque of 177 lb-ft is produced between 1,600 and 5,000 rpm. An overboost function is at the driver's disposal to increase torque to 192 lb-ft (for a short time) for particularly powerful bursts of acceleration. The MINI Cooper S Paceman sprints to 60 mph in 6.9 seconds (automatic: 7.3 seconds), while both manual and automatic versions achieve a top speed of 127 mph.
The MINI Cooper S with ALL4 delivers a 0-60 mph time of 7.2 seconds (automatic: 7.6 seconds).
Drivetrains: six-speed automatic and ALL4 all-wheel drive options
The MINI Paceman is equipped as standard with a six-speed manual gearbox, while a six-speed automatic – complete with the Steptronic function enabling manual gearshifts – is available as an option for all models.
In the MINI Cooper S, the automatic gearbox also comes with shift paddles attached to the steering wheel; these can be ordered as an option for other automatic models. Extra helpings of driving fun can be summoned with a touch of the optional Sport Button, which tweaks the engine's responses and the power assistance provided to the steering. In automatic transmission models, the Sport Button can be used to activate a specially tuned sport program which makes various adjustments, including extra zip for the gear changes.
The Cooper S Paceman can be equipped with optional ALL4
The ALL4 system uses an electromagnetic center differential to distribute drive seamlessly between the front and rear axles. The control electronics of the MINI ALL4 system are integrated directly into the DSC management unit, enabling drive to be distributed between the front and rear axle as and when required – and in a matter of milliseconds. This set-up optimizes fuel economy and ensures the car displays maximum agility in the face of changing conditions, while delivering surefooted, and thus typically MINI, handling characteristics.
Chassis: technology provides a new take on go-kart feeling
The construction of the MINI Paceman's chassis – consisting of a MacPherson spring strut front axle and forged cross members in tandem with a multi-link rear axle – underpins its hallmark MINI agility which is enhanced by the standard fitment of a sporty set-up and lowered suspension. If customers prefer, MINI Paceman can also be ordered with a regular suspension and regular ride height as a no-cost option.
The precise and efficient Servotronic electric power steering provides speed-sensitive assistance and enhances the ever-present go-kart feeling on board the MINI Paceman.
Every MINI Paceman is equipped with DSC (Dynamic Stability Control), ABS anti-lock brakes, Electronic Brake Force Distribution (EBD), Cornering Brake Control (CBC), Brake Assist and Hill Assist.
MINI Paceman models with ALL4 also come with DTC (Dynamic Traction Control), which allows controlled slip through the driven wheels to ease moving off on loose sand or deep snow. When the stability system is deactivated (in DSC Off mode) an electronic locking function for the front differential comes into play. In tight corners it brakes a spinning wheel as required, to enhance handling. Known as Electronic Differential Lock Control (EDLC), this system enhances the car's traction without adversely affecting its steering properties. Both DTC and EDLC are available for front-drive MINI Paceman models as an option.
Standard specification also includes light-alloy wheels on all models. MINI Cooper Paceman comes with 16-inch wheels, MINI Cooper S Paceman has 17-inch wheels and 205/50 R17 runflat tires as standard. Available optionally for all models are 18-inch alloy wheels as a factory-fit, and 19-inch alloy wheels can be ordered as a dealer-installed accessory.
Safety: comprehensive engineering protects occupants
The high torsional rigidity of the MINI Paceman's bodyshell plays an important role in both its agile handling and its impressive passive safety. In the event of a crash, robust load-path structures, precisely defined deformation zones and an extremely strong passenger compartment are engineered to keep impact energy away from the car's occupants and ensure maximum protection for all those on board.
Like the MINI Countryman, the MINI Paceman's standard-fitted safety arsenal includes front, side and full length curtain airbags. All seats are fitted with three-point inertia-reel seat belts. Front seat occupants also benefit from belt tensioners and belt force limiters, while in the rear seat, ISOFIX child seat attachments are fitted.
h2>Comfort: high-quality journey-enhancing features
h2> The high-quality standard equipment of the MINI Paceman also fits the brand's premium character as far as comfort and functionality are concerned. Air-conditioning, electrically adjustable exterior mirrors, the Center Rail, model-specific door sill lettering and the radio MINI CD audio system with AUX-IN socket are included as standard on all variants.
The options list, meanwhile, contains items such as a sports leather steering wheel (standard on all but Cooper Paceman) with optional multifunction buttons and cruise control, an armrest between the front seats, heated seats, automatic climate control and an electrically operated glass roof. Also on the options list are Comfort Access, Xenon Adaptive Headlights (with black headlight housing), automatically dimming rear-view and exterior mirrors, Park Distance Control, front foglamps and a rain sensor.
Customers can take on-board entertainment and navigation capability to new levels with the radio MINI Boost CD, radio MINI Visual Boost, harman/kardon hi-fi loudspeaker system and MINI navigation system with a 6.5-inch color display. A voice control system, a hands-free system/mobile phone preparation and a DAB tuner for receiving digital radio programmes, can also be specified.
Cars fitted with the radio MINI Visual Boost or MINI navigation system can also be ordered with the MINI Connected option, which allows full Apple iPhone integration and therefore the use of innovative infotainment, communications and driving experience functions. Specially developed apps open the door to a unique and constantly expanding variety of functions such as web radio, Facebook and Twitter usage, Dynamic Music, Driving Excitement, Mission Control and the MINIMALISM Analyser.
Source: MINI
Written By: Nathaniel Salzman
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(also ballet pump, ballet flat)
Definition of ballet shoe in English:
A light, round-toed shoe with very flat heels for women or girls, resembling the type worn by ballet dancers: ballet shoes are perfect with everything from leggings and long sweaters to short skirts and jackets
More example sentences
- I reckon that size nine ballet pump you are wearing covers that stain nicely.
- Vogue lists the trench coat, the bag, the white shirt, the jeans, the ballet flat, the biker jacket, the cashmere cardigan, the little black dress, the tuxedo and the watch as wardrobe essentials.
- I wore my eighth-grade graduation dress and ballet flats.
Definition of ballet shoe in:
- US English dictionary
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= trending

subset: commoncrawl


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illnesses in vaccinees that may be misattributed as vaccine adverse reactions. It also is possible that unproven associations will be suggested as long-term adverse reactions of the smallpox vaccine, as has occurred with other vaccines. When it comes to the more difficult long-term problem of diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome being potentially misattributed to the smallpox vaccine, there are currently no data systems to use for comparison. As with the swine influenza studies, observations of any long-term sequelae from individual observations of alert practitioners, or from VAERS, should be treated as signals and prompt more formal epidemiologic studies to refute or validate them. There also is the possibility, if and when the vaccination program is expanded in phase II, that cohort studies could be set up in the sites using the Vaccine Safety Datalink, a CDC system already in place to evaluate adverse results of childhood immunizations. The committee encourages CDC to utilize surveillance systems that already exist (e.g., health care utilization rates from the National Hospital Discharge Survey and the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey) to determine baseline rates of disease and place the data that will be obtained from PVS and VAERS into perspective.
The committee also considered CDC's plans for monitoring the safety of the smallpox vaccine. The committee briefly heard about plans for the establishment of a smallpox vaccine data and safety monitoring board, jointly operated between CDC and the Department of Defense (DoD) (Winkenwerder and Grabenstein, 2002). Since military vaccinations commenced soon after the President's smallpox policy announcement on December 13, 2002, the military should already have some safety data available. Where possible, the committee encourages CDC to share with their state and local partners any data or lessons learned from the DoD smallpox vaccination experience thus far. The committee first describes what it perceives to be the special considerations for such a board involved in the pre-event smallpox vaccination program.
Such boards are most commonly referred to as data and safety monitoring boards (DSMBs) or data safety and quality monitoring boards (DSQMBs), although data monitoring committee also is a term of reference. DSMBs are defined in essence by their membership, their relationship to the clinical intervention being monitored, their rules of operation, and the scope of their responsibilities. There are, in fact, no hard and fast rules for these entities, but a standard of practice exists and is codified in particular by the rules used by the National Institutes of Health for their DSMBs. The common feature of all DSMBs is independence—real and perceived—sufficient to protect the privacy and safety of the participants.


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This my favorite time in the Jewish calendar. The previous month, Elul launches an extended period of reflection, introspection, and opportunity to return to our senses and to ask for forgiveness of ourselves, others, and the Breath of Life. A time to clean the slates and move on. This "rebooting" and "refreshing" are among the gifts of Rosh Hashanah.
The first day of the two-day festival, in the morning prayer service we read the Torah portion about Sarah, one of four foremothers, who treated her maid, Hagar, abusively. The Torah commentator Nahmanides (Ramban), a leading medieval Jewish scholar, teaches that Abraham, the father of the women's firstborn sons, Ishmael and Isaac, was a partner to the abuse by letting it happen.
Ask yourself, Do I regard and treat respectfully all chips off The Block of Being? Or am I like Sarah or Abraham in this reading of the Torah portion? Am I an abuser? A passive, willing bystander?
This season especially, we are called to reflect, reawaken, make amends, and change.
Wishing everyone in the coming year health, sanity, learning, giving, and occasions to dance, sing, comfort, laugh, remember, praise, and bless.
I first published this post on September 12, 2007
My related posts
- May the [Jewish] New Year and its blessings start תָּחֵל שָׁנָה וּבִרְכוֹתֶיהָ
- "Have you a sweet year"
- Shanah Tovah! Country on a String
- L'Shanah Tovah, Happy New Year 5768: On this day, the world was conceived.


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Hampton Roads Tummy Tuck – Tummy Tuck Surgery
Who is a Candidate for Tummy Tuck?
If you have loose or sagging abdominal wall skin frequently associated with abnormal relaxation of the anterior abdominal wall muscles (frequently secondary to multiple pregnancies or prior surgery), you may be a candidate for abdominoplasty. The premier Hampton Roads tummy tuck experts are available at Plastic Surgery Center to address all of your questions and discern if you are a good candidate for the procedure. You may also be a candidate if you are unable to tighten abdominal wall skin with exercise. The procedure is intended to give the patient a smoother, flatter abdomen.
About Tummy Tuck Surgery
The procedure is performed under general anesthesia on an outpatient basis. (Mini and modified abdominoplasties are similarly performed as outpatient procedures.) A mini abdominoplasty tightens the lower abdominal wall skin only (leaving the shortest scar). A modified abdominoplasty addresses conditions where just the muscle wall or just the abdominal skin requires repair. Standard abdominoplasty tightens all of the abdominal wall skin and muscles (leaving a standard scar). All of these procedures have been met with great approval from patients who have journeyed to visit our facility and those from right here in Hampton Roads. Tummy tuck surgery is an ideal way to eliminate the signs of pregnancy or restore firmness to a sagging abdomen after weight loss.
Abdominoplasty can be one of the more uncomfortable plastic surgery procedures and probably requires a more time-consuming and limiting recovery. You will be encouraged to be moving and walking within 1 to 2 days. Light activity is comfortable in 10 to 20 days. Sports will not be comfortable for about 6 weeks.
Additional Procedures
Additional procedures that may enhance the result are Liposuction, Breast Enlargement, or Thigh/Buttock Lift.
Payment for Plastic Surgery
This procedure is now considered cosmetic and therefore is not covered by insurance. The patient is responsible for payment. Our patient counselors can help you with your financial arrangements, including financing.
The specific risks and the suitability of this procedure for a given individual can be determined only at the time of consultation. All surgical procedures have some degree of risk. Minor complications that do not affect the outcome occur occasionally. Major complications are unusual.
This procedure has changed the lives of countless patients who were dissatisfied with their bodies' conditions, rejuvenating both their appearance and their self-confidence. Don't wait any longer to talk to the Hampton Roads tummy tuck experts today.


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The ASUC Student Union provides high quality services and programs that foster experiential learning opportunities, enhance the student experience, and ensure a sustainable organization. They include the LEAD Center for Leadership, Engagement, and Advising; Event Services at the Student Union; Facility Maintenance and Operations, and the Berkeley Art Studio.
Welcome to the ASUC Student Union!
A Message From Kelsey Finn
Working with the ASUC, Graduate Assembly, ASUC Student Union, and Division of Student Affairs, it is evident that a fierce dedication for betterment is a common thread throughout UC Berkeley. This dedication is what carries Cal into the future with a vision and mission to enrich the student experience through exceptional services, programs, and facilities. »
Lower Sproul Makeover Right on Schedule
The long-desired overhaul of Lower Sproul and the dream of a new, state-of-the-art Student Union is beginning to take shape. The redesigned complex is envisioned as the true and beating heart of student life on campus, a vibrant hub and central meeting place that will truly meet student needs.
Architects' renderings for the $223 million renovation show a light-filled area that's open, inviting and bustling with activity 24/7. Eshleman Hall, will be replaced by a lower building veiled in glass to expose the busy hive inside — students meeting, studying, dancing, eating, meditating and just hanging out.
Student Groups Find Advising and Leadership Training at the LEAD Center
The ASUC Auxiliary's new, unified LEAD Center is a one-stop shop for UC Berkeley students looking to find leadership training, get involved with organizations, or receive advising for student groups. Located in 102 Hearst Gym, the LEAD Center brings together the staff and functions formerly provided separately by the Center for Student Leadership, the Office of Student Affairs, and the Graduate Assembly business office, with the goal of delivering more efficient leadership development and comprehensive student-group advising.


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In a recent East African economic forum, a senior official with the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was approached by several high ranking officials from neighboring countries (whom-we-shall-not-name) to sign a declaration letter, agreeing to set a number to Somalia's exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Unconfirmed reports say that the official vehemently declined to sign anything pertaining to Somalia's EEZ rights and objected to a document that indicated Somalia's territorial waters to be 12 nautical miles. Moreover, upon his return to Somalia the official gave a fiery news conference warning about the imminent exploitation of Somalia's seas and shorelines. Unfamiliar to the laws regarding the EEZ, many TFG officials and parliament members of the government took the senior official's warnings as an affirming sign - the world was out to get Somalia. Albeit, most of them were unaware that discussions on Somalia's EEZ have been ongoing ever since lawless Somalia descended into chaos after the removal of the late dictator.
The news that the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia is involved in negotiations with members of the international community regarding Somalia's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) should come as no surprise to anyone. There have been reports of illegal commercial fishing, and even illegal dumping of biological and hazardous waste in the coastlines of Somalia. But nothing has captured the attention of the world and the Somali leaders more, than the rise in pirate activity and the costs of dealing (a recent report from 2005-2010 put it at $22 billion and counting) with piracy in Somalia's territorial seas and beyond. Recent reports mention that international community has lost somewhere in the range of $22 billion dollars between 2005 and 2011 due to piracy in Somalia's seas [see report titled "Twenty Years of Collapse and Counting - The cost of failure in Somalia"]. All these factors have begun to shine a big spotlight on what to do about the vast shorelines of Somalia and the limits of the international community in helping Somalia address the piracy and finding a way for it to secure its borders. Nevertheless, the questions asked are: what international laws and treaties govern? Are Somalia's legislators and politicians aware of the laws regarding the EEZ? In addition, are Somalia's neighbors rewarding themselves with extra EEZ to advance their own economic agendas, in the absence of a functioning government in Somalia? We hope our brief analysis will help shine some light on these issues.
Numerous cliams have been made as to whether Somalia's Territorial Sea is 12 nautical miles (nm) or 200 nm. The senior politician we quoted from above, himself was unclear of this issue when he indicated in his fiery speech about the illicit designs of the "conquering" east African countries. However, I think the question should be framed this way: why has the TFG government prioritized delineating an EEZ in its Roadmap to peace & security, and why is it important to do this by a deadline? Let us start with the laws, and what we know of them.
The treaty or international legal framework that sets out the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use and utilization of the world's oceans is called the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS) and is commonly referred to as the Law of the Sea Convention. This treaty resulted from a nine-year convention that concluded in 1982, it came into force in 1994, and to date over 160 countries and the European Commission have joined. Somalia ratified UNCLOS on 24 July 1989 without making any declarations or reservations. UNCLOS in essence extends the sovereignty of a coastal State beyond its land territory and internal waters, to an adjacent belt of sea defined as the a State's territorial sea, which is up to 12 nautical miles (roughly 72912 feet or 22224 meters) from the baseline of the coastal state. Beyond the 12 nautical mile limit, the convention recognizes a further 12 nautical miles (or 24 nautical miles depending on some cases) from the territorial sea baselines limit that is referred to as the contiguous zone. The Convention also recognizes an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea defined as the EEZ of which a State has special rights over its exploration and use of marine resources. The Convention lays out that the EEZ "shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured."
At the time of the signing of the UNCLOS, the state of Somalia had national legislation in place that specified Somalia's terrotorial sea and right. Recorded as Somalia's Law No. 37 on the Territorial Sea and Ports of 10 September 1972, it specified in Article I that "Somalia's territorial sea includes portions of the sea to the extent of 200 nautical miles…". Law No. 37 measurements of Somali Territorial waters was inconsistent with UNCLOS, however, as of this writing Law No. 37 is on file at the UN repository of National Legislation and Delimitation Treaties of States of the African regions. Moreover, it is referenced on the UNCLOS website of Table of Claims to Maritime Jurisdiction last updated on 15 July 2011 , which indicates that Somalia has claim to 200 nm of Territorial Sea and no defined EEZ. Law No. 37 makes no mention of an EEZ or continental shelf.
According to the Table, there are currently four other countries that have defined their Territorial Seas to be 200 nm: Benin, El Salvador, Ecuador and Peru. Most of the State Parties, who are signatories to UNCLOS, have a Territorial Sea of 12 nm and others have even declared less.
Another important function of UNCLOS is that it gives legal basis to States to exercise jurisdiction over acts of piracy on the high seas - without consideration for where the piracy attacks occurred or the nationality of the suspects. This jurisdiction is limited to those acts that occur only on the high seas, which are areas outside of the Territorial Sea and EEZ, open to all States and not subject to the sovereignty of any one State. This legal framework and discussions around Somalia's EEZ drive the international community's discussions in countering piracy along Somalia's waters. This is one of the main reasons why the international community today is pushing to establish Somalia's EEZ and continental shelf area, irrespective of Somali Legislation Law No. 37.
Since Somalia became party to the Convention prior to 13 May 1999, it had to make a submission to Commission on the limits of Continental Shelf (CLCS) by 13 May 1999, in order to establish the outer limits of an extended continental shelf. A preliminary information submission was made on 8 April 2009, with assistance from the Government of Norway during the tenure of former Prime Minister Omer Abdirashid Ali Sharmake. The CLCS has not made any recommendations or put forth any clarifications pertaining to that submission.
Somalia's neighboring state Kenya, ratified UNCLOS on 3 March 1989 and also needed to make their submission to the CLCS by 13 May 2009, which they did successfully. Attached to their submission was a Memorandum of Understanding signed by Somalia's former Prime Minister Sharmake stating the unresolved delimitation issue between the two coastal States was to be considered a "maritime dispute" and was to remain in an unresolved status. The memo added that the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles is without prejudice to the question of delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts. Within a few weeks, members of the Somali TFG Parliament rejected the memorandum that Prime Minister Sharma'arke signed in support of Kenya's submission. As a result, Kenya's submission to the CLCS remains suspended and the CLCS has not issued a recommendation as of this writing.
Kenya's purpose in seeking the outer limit delimitation of their extended continental shelf is motivated by the pursuit of finding oil. In the last few years, the government of Kenya has aggressively invested in oil exploration on its shores and most recently in the offshore arena. It has signed numerous oil exploration contracts with various countries and companies, of some which were later abandoned when their prospecting didn't yield any finds.
A contention area of most concern to Somalia is the Kenya-Somalia Lamu basin (referred to in short as the Lamu Basin) which stretches from the southern tip of Kenya bordering Tanzania, and extends as far north into southern Somalia and westwards towards the interior of Northern Kenya.(See map below) The basin covers both onshore and offshore fields, with an aerial extent of over 132,720 Sq Km. As of recent close to 40 wells have been drilled in the Lamu Basin with several oil and gas shows. The Lamu basin continues to be a prospective and attractive offshore basin for many offshore drilling companies. Offshore license fields in the Kenya side of the Lamu basin have attracted numerous international oil & gas conglomerates including recent American and French investors.
Recent offshore license blocks made available by several companies show a significant encroachment of the Somalia EEZ zone as shown in the maps (Lion Petroleum Kenya and EEZ Zone maps of appendix 8 & 9). These offshore oil & gas fields in the Indian ocean will be prone to be bring more scrutiny to the EEZ zoning rights of both Kenya, Somalia and potentially other regional countries. And with the current government in Somalia being unable to clearly define & demark its own EEZ zone, coupled with its inability to police & secure its vast shoreline, the problems may only get worse and increase the pressure on the TFG to find a quick resolution.
Kenya as one of the few stable countries in the east african corridor, has the greatest interest and the largest gain in trying to resolve this dispute and hence the reason for Benchmark 2 in the TFG's Roadmap is delineating Somalia's EEZ by 19 December 2011. So now that we know Law No. 37 did not define an EEZ for Somalia, would the Somali people trust the TFG to enter into negotiations and protect their interests?
There is still another unanswered question here. UNCLOS State Parties were required to harmonize their existing national laws that were in conflict with the Convention. Somalia did not get an opportunity to do that until now. So does that mean the Convention takes precedence over the national legislation? This is a question for an attorney specializing in international conflict of laws.
Amina Ahmed
We welcome the submission of all articles for possible publication on WardheerNews.com
Copyright © 2011 WardheerNews.com


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Jonjo Shelvey has been called into the England squad for their forthcoming World Cup 2014 qualifiers against San Marino and Poland.
Shelvey has represented the Three Lions at U16, U17, U19 and U21 level in the past and today Roy Hodgson confirmed the 20-year-old will join Liverpool stars Steven Gerrard and Glen Johnson in the full national squad.
The midfielder was brought into the fold along with Chelsea's Ryan Bertrand and the call-up comes on the back of an impressive start to the 2012-13 Barclays Premier League campaign for the Reds.
First up for England is San Marino on Friday night at Wembley before they make the trip to Warsaw to face Poland next Tuesday. Hodgson's men currently sit second in qualifying Group H, level on points with first-placed Montenegro.
Tagged: call up , england , jonjo shelvey , shelvey
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My Shocking Food Confession: What's Yours?
I'll show you mine, if you show me yours. Must be true confessions!
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
Check out this post for a more thorough explanation, and jump onto our Facebook page or our Twitter feed to keep the conversations going!


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need partners - intermediate to professinal level in citi nest , indiranagar
hi all
I am an good badminton doubles player with good fitness level and am looking for a strong partner/group playing at a decent level. I was playing regularly in chennai and have just moved to Bangalore. I stay in indiranagar and currently shortlisted Citinest in Indira Nagar to play. I can play on weekends mainly and can travel some distance if I find a good group.
Do please let me know your number so that we can catch up. Thanks
sunil raj


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IBM Announces Power 6 Blades and Software
The J2SS Blade Center triggers a new virtualization drive. The Linux-friendly system helps operators save electricity.
Parallel to the announcement of the JS22 Express Blade Center with Power 6 CPUs that support Linux, IBM has announced two software units designed to help customers save hardware and electricity. Advanced Power Virtualization is part of IBM's Power 6 technology and designed to support up to ten virtual servers on a single processor core. The latest version of Active Energy Manager, an power monitoring tool, allows customers to cap power consumption. This and other projects are part of IBM's Big Green campaign (see the separate article here).
Inside a Power 6 blade server. The pictures shows an IBM engineer fitting a memory module.
Unix customers additionally have the ability to migrate, move or replace components without downtime: Live Partition Mobility is a Power 6 platform feature which is only implemented for Unix. It gives administrators the ability to physically move complete operating system partitions in production environments.The feature is incluced with the Enterprise Edition of Advanced Power Virtualization, and not available for other CPUs or operating systems.
Blade servers with Power 6 CPUs will be available in H cases and HT cases as of November 2007, says the vendor. A JS22 express configuration with 4GB RAM and 73GB disk capacity in an H case will cost US$ 10,363, although resellers may offer the system at different prices. Advanced Power Virtualization (Standard Edition) will be available as of mid-November and is included with POWER-based blade servers. Active Energy Manager will be available as of mid-December. Energy management and power consumption capping cost around US$ 100 per system. More information on Energy Manager will be available here as of November 13, says IBM.
Issue 178/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
Qemu Flaw Lets the Guest Escape
Xen project announces a privilege escalation problem for Qemu host systems
Android Bug Threatens Millions of Users
Attackers can compromise an Android phone just by sending a text message
Lenovo and Canonical Announce Laptop Deal
PC vendor will pre-install Ubuntu on portables in India.
Mozilla Firefox Blocks Flash
More embarrassment for Adobe's embattled multimedia tool
Security Problem in Firefox's NoScript Add-On
Mozilla's script blocker add-on could be putting malware sites on the whitelist.
RIP SSLv3
The Internet community officially banishes the notoriously unsafe Secure Sockets Layer protocol.
Mate 1.1 Arrives
Popular desktop environment continues the Gnome 2 legacy – with new support for the Gnome 3 toolkit.
US Government Requires HTTPS
The Obama White House has issued a memorandum telling all US government agencies they must use HTTPS for all websites and web communication.
Mozilla Signs Firefox Add-Ons
New program will dial up security for the Firefox browser.
Fedora 22 Arrives
Red Hat's community distro embraces the cloud.


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New DCTF Podcast
Posted by Greg Tepper on 26 October 2012
It's time, once again, for another episode of the Dave Campbell's Texas Football Podcast!
This week, Travis and Greg talk about high school football down the stretch, the big changes to the UIL rules, which college football teams in Texas are going bowling, and Greg's continued War on Homecoming.
So, tune in! It's available on our Podcast page and on iTunes! (Just FYI: it might take a couple hours for it to show up on iTunes.)
If you would like to report inappropriate behavior within the Facebook commenting system, please email firstname.lastname@example.com and we will review your request.


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Feb. 16, 1971 A. HKHNLEI'N 3,564,358
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT STRUCTURE CONTAINING MULTIPLE SANDWICH 1 LAYERS: OF MONO-CRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTOR AND INSULATOR MATERIAL FilQdNOV. 13, 1968 mvan ton United States Patent O 3,564,358 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT STRUCTURE CONTAIN- ING MULTIPLE SANDWICH LAYERS OF MONO- CRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTOR AND INSU- LATOR MATERIAL Alfons Hiihnlein, Nieder-Ramstadt, Germany, assignor to Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, Germany, a corporation of Germany Filed Nov. 13, 1968, Ser. No. 775,395 Claims priority, application Germany, Nov. 15, 1967, P 15 89 705.9 Int. Cl. H01l19/00 US. Cl. 317-235 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This is an integrated circuit structure having several silicon layers electrically isolated and capacitively decoupled from each succeeding layer by means of intermediate insulating layers of aluminium silicates, said layers being successively deposited on a silicon substrate.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a structure for providing insulation between electrical components or stages on a monolithic integrated circuit.
In connection with the manufacture of monolithic integrated circuits on a semiconductor basis the problem of insulating individual components or electrical function stages has not yet been solved in a technologically simple way. Thus, integrated circuits manufactured by way of insulation diffusion, besides having productiontechnical disadvantages, mostly have excessively high capacitive couplings; the insulation of monocrystalline silicon islands using SiO is extremely expensive; the technically difiicult process concerning the epitaxy of silicon on corundum, amongst others, has likewise so far not been accepted on a wider basis; the reduction of the capacitive couplings by way of always further reducing the individual components is anyway restricted by technological limits.
By latest works (Electrochemical Society, June 1967, page 1420) it has now been confirmed that thin monocrystalline layers of aluminum silicates can be produced epitaxially on silicon (Al O -85%, SiO l5%). This process is excellently suitable for the mass production of semiconductor components and, in addition thereto, prevents the diffusion of silicons.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 'It is an object of this invention to provide for an improvement in the insulation between electrical components or stages on a monolithic integrated structure.
The present invention is based on an arrangement in which, in the well-known way, on a silicon substrate serving as the base crystal, there is epitaxially deposited a mono-crystalline insulating film of aluminum silicate continuing the grid structure of the silicon.
The present invention is based on the problem of realizing an integrated circuit containing several electrical function stages, in which the individual function stages are separated with respect to one another galvanically and capacitively not by using pn-junctions which are biased in the reverse direction, but are separated from one another by highly-insulating layers. According to the invention this is accomplished in that the individual electrical function stages of the circuit which are in need of a mutual decoupling, are accommodated each in one thin silicon layer which has grown epitaxially on an insulating film of aluminum silicates, with this silicon 3,564,358 Patented Feb. 16, 1971 layer being separated from the respective next silicon layer by each time one insulating film of like composition which, in turn, has grown epitaxially on the respect1ve preceding silicon layer.
The connections among the individual function stages are eifected with the aid of channels extending through the insulating films and filled with silicon likewise applied epitaxially.
By employing the highly-insulating films of aluminum silicates there are achieved the advantages of the epitaxy on corundum by avoiding the disadvantages thereof which are to be seen in the diflicult technology of the corundum as well as in the lower economical value thereof. In an advantageous further embodiment of the idea of invention there results a spatial enlargement of the possibilities for accommodating the components in that the silicon substrate contains the components which are common to several function stages, and which are not subjected to the strict insulation requirements of the components forming part of the individual function stages.
Appropriately, the terminals for the supply voltage may be led to the silicon substrate.
The terminals supplying or transferring the intelligence signal or the control criteria, however, will be provided appropriately on the insulating film covering the top silicon layer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The single drawing shows a sectional view of one embodiment of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT On a semiconductor substrate or base 1 of purest silicon there has grown epitaxially an insulating film 2 of aluminum silicates continuing the grid structure of the silicon. The aluminum silicate consists of approximately a minimum of A1 0 and of about a maximum of 15% SiO This insulating film, in turn, serves as the base for an epitaxially applied and, therefore, mono-crystalline thin silicon layer 3. This silicon layer 3, and subsequent layers 3a, 3b etc., contains the passive and active components 7 (resistors 8, diodes 9 and transistors 10) as manufactured in accordance with well-known methods, of one function stage of the multi-stage integrated circuit. This function stage in the layer 3 is galvanically and capacitively decoupled with respect to the silicon base 1, as well as with respect to the function stage as accommodated in the silicon layer 3a as positioned thereabove, by each time one mono-crystalline insulating film 2 or 2a respectively. The connections which are necessary for transmitting the intelligence signal and the supply voltage among the individual silicon layers 3, 3a, 3b, etc. is effected by the conducting channels 4 extending through the insulating films 2, 2a, 2b, etc. These conducting channels 4 may already be left free during the process of growth of the surrounding insulating film 2, 2a, 2b etc. During the subsequent application of the respective silicon layer positioned thereabove, i.e. 3, 3a, 3b, etc., these channels are filled with a mono-crystalline and, if so required, correspondingly doped silicon, thus representing, if so required, a low-ohmic (low resistant) connection among the individual stages.
The silicon base or substrate 1 suggests itself as being suitable for accommodating those of the integrated circuit elements which are provided in common to several stages and, therefore, do not need to satisfy the insulation requirements of the individual stages. This will mostly refer to the power supply elements, and the like. In this case it may be appropriate to attach also the terminals for the power supply and ground to the silicon base or substrate 1.
The terminals 6 applying or conducting the intelligence signal or control criteria respectively, however, will be provided most suitably on the insulating film 20 covering the top silicon layer 3b.
By the inventive multiple-sandwiching of monocrystalline semiconducting and mono-crystalline insulating material it is possible to achieve an electronic packaging density of components which has hitherto been impossible to achieve in any other arrangement. The multistage integrated circuit according to the invention represents a modern device presenting some analogy or resemblance to the well-known micromodule technique, which, however, contains the connections among the individual function stages at the boundary surfaces of the ceramic circuit boards piled on top of each other. In distinction to the micromodule technique, the invention is concerned with a block which is mono-crystalline from the silicon base or substrate up to the top insulating layer consisting of aluminum silicate.
What is claimed is:
1. An integrated circuit arrangement comprising:
a silicon substrate serving as a base crystal;
a first mono-crystalline insulating film of aluminum silicate epitaxially deposited on said substrate; several monocrystalline silicon layers successively epitaxially deposited over said first film, each layer containing individual electrical function stages; other successive intermediate mono-crystalline insulating films of aluminum silicate separating each silicon layer to provide mutual decoupling between said individual electrical function stages of said successive layers, all of said films having channels extending therethrough; and
epitaxially grown silicon filling said channels to provide for electrical connections between different electrical stages on said successive silicon layers.
2. An integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein said silicon substrate contains the components which are provided in common to several stages, said common components includes power supply elements.
3. An integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the top silicon layer is covered by one of said aluminum silicate films, and the terminals serving the application or the transfer of the intelligence signal or the control criteria respectively, are provided on the insulating film covering the top silicon layer.
4. An integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the terminals for the supply voltage are led to said silicon substrate.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1968 Watson 148-175 2/1963 Bohrer et a1 17468.5
U.S. Cl. X.R.
3l7l0l, 234; 148175
Citada por
Imagen original


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Pyramid Band Watch
Style # 214033
Pyramid studs and rhinestones on this menswear-inspired bebe watch make it the perfect way to lend your everyday a dose of glamour. Try yours with a stack of bracelets to amp it up.
- Metal
- Imported
Rated 2 out of 5�by 1 reviewer.
Rated 2 out of 5�by BebeGIrl30 Huge! I got this watch today and I was so excited about it, until I opened it. It is almost as big as my husbands watch. Seriously girls, this watch is huge and it won't look good on any of our delicate wrists! May 31, 2013
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at and t wireless store
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Verizon Wireless on Tuesday outlined details of a new flagship retail experience, focused on providing comprehensive support and services at designated "destination" stores. The first enhanced experience will open up in the Mall of America in Bloomington, and will provide customers with hands-on demonstrations of products and services, education and technical help. The Bloomington experience will eventually filter down to the company's 1,700 retail locations, Verizon Chief Operating Officer Marni Walden said.
"Right now, I am demonstrating the Fit Bit. What this does is track my steps as I walk throughout the day. It will also calculate my calories that I burn," Malmquist said.
"We are doing much more by creating an experience for our customers to enhance their lives and learn about new ways mobile devices can add value to their everyday activities," said a Verizon representative. Walden revealed more big experiences will come after the rollout of the first "Destination" store tomorrow, though she didn't specify what or where those will be.
While plenty of purchases now take place online, physical retail stores are still important because they provide customers with a first-hand look at products and services. For Verizon, the majority of sales take place at its carrier stores, so the company is attempting to capitalize by providing consumers with a more in-depth experience. The idea is to make its retail feel more like a place you want to visit, and not somewhere you're forced to.
Of course given all these devices are currently using the Qi standard, there are definitely some cheaper options out there. We've even seen a few Nokia wireless chargers pop up on daily deals sites in the past. Anyone happy with a particular wireless charger you're currently using for your Neksessez?
"This store is going to give our customers the opportunity to demonstrate, and touch and feel, the gadgets and devices they've heard about, they may have seen on shelves in different stores," said Seamus Hyland, Verizon regional president.


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Senior Class President Emily Laughlin was one of 13 Keene residents among the 140 students who received diplomas Sunday as Southwestern Adventist University closed its 120th school year with Commencement at the Leiske-Pultar Gymnasium.
Laughlin received a bachelor's degree in nursing.
Other Keenites were Anna Arocho (cum laude in general studies), Kaitlyn Halsell (nursing), Candace McCormick (summa cum laude, elementary education), Zakery Northrop (accounting), Kyle Parrish (cum laude, general studies), Jarred Rhodes (biology), Harley Ribeiro (cum laude, biology), Stephanie Rudisaile (magna cum laude, English) Jeffery Sickler (general studies), Travis Sinclair (English emphasis in writing), Catherine Wiist (magna cum laude, psychology) and Jonathan Wilczynski (cum laude, marketing).
The designation of cum laude indicates a gpa of 3.50-3.74. Magna cum laude is 3.75-3.89, and summa cum laude is 3.90-4.00.
Keene resident and Southwestern undergraduate Melissa Munoz marched as a guest, receiving a master's degree in kinesology from Texas Woman's University, which held its commencement on the Adventist Sabbath.
Commencement speaker Dr. Eric Anderson, who is retiring after serving nine years at the University's helm, told the graduates to remember the values learned at Southwestern.
An honorary doctorate was conferred on former president Donald McAdams, the youngest president to serve Southwestern.
McAdams was 34 years old when be was named president in 1975, serving until 1984 and taking Southwestern through the crucial years immediately following its accreditation as a senior college.
Assistant professor of music Marc Elysee was named Educator of the Year, receiving a plaque and a check for $1,000.


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June 23, 2004
Center Valley, Pa. - The Holy Cross softball team placed nine members on the 2004 Patriot League Academic Honor Roll. Leading Holy Cross was sophomore Nicole Dessingue with a 3.69 grade-point average (GPA) and junior Mary Beth Ryan with a 3.68 GPA. Also making the list was seniors Melissa Beshire (3.54), Alison Marschner (3.40) and Jean Connolly (3.25), junior Michelle Greene (3.25), sophomores Heather Johnson (3.58) and Elizabeth Dennis (3.25) and freshman Sheena Stangler (3.21).
Lehigh senior outfielder Shana Treon, the 2004 Softball Scholar-Athlete of the Year, notched a 3.67 grade-point average (GPA) during the spring semester, while Lafayette freshman Jill Masterton and Lehigh rookie Stephanie Palmieri had perfect 4.00 GPAs in the second term. The trio is among the 50 student-athletes named to the 2004 Patriot League Softball Academic Honor Roll, announced today by Carolyn Schlie Femovich, Patriot League Executive Director.
To be eligible, a student-athlete must earn a 3.20 grade-point average in the spring semester and be awarded a varsity letter in one of the League's six winter or nine spring championship sports.
A total of 829 student-athletes were named to the League's Winter/Spring Academic Honor Roll, including 38 with perfect 4.00 GPAs. The Winter/Spring Academic Honor Roll includes the sports of men's and women's basketball, men's and women's swimming & diving, men's and women's indoor track & field, baseball, golf, men's and women's lacrosse, men's and women's outdoor track & field, softball and men's and women's tennis.
Bucknell led the way with 196 candidates on the League's Winter/Spring Academic Honor Roll. The Bison also gained top billing on the Softball Academic Honor Roll with 10 honorees, while Army, Holy Cross and Lafayette tied for second on the softball list with nine recipients each.
The Patriot League, an NCAA Division I athletics conference founded on the principle of admitting athletes who are academically representative of their class, is in its second decade of academic and athletic excellence. Participation in intercollegiate athletics at Patriot League institutions is viewed as an important component of the undergraduate experience. A successful Division IAA football conference since 1986 and an all-sport conference since 1990, membership includes American, Army, Bucknell, Colgate, Holy Cross, Lafayette, Lehigh and Navy, while six additional institutions hold associate membership. Patriot League member institutions are among the oldest and most prestigious in the nation, graduating alumni who are well prepared for life with the ability to make meaningful contributions to their community and society in general. In the most recent NCAA Graduation Rate Report of student-athletes, the Patriot League ranked FIRST among NCAA Division I conferences.


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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by Dave on 04/28/2013
Have lived in NYC for just over 5 years and this restaurant has been a regular as seen by my review above. I know even after being here over 5 years we still go there several times in fact we move in 4 days and 3 of the 4 days we will take out from this Chinese restaurant as it is just that good! The staff is still very friendly and I will miss chatting with them when I am in picking up lunch! I have eaten at some Chinese restaurants in Chinatown and found some to be horrible but this Chinese restaurant is tops in my book! Well worth it as the prices are reasonable and have changed very little in 5 years maybe just slightly gone up due to the economy but even now the prices are well worth what you get!! They even will cook it up as you request! My favorites are still: Shrimp W/Lobster Sauce, Salt & Pepper Chicken (get this the most recently!), Salt & Pepper Shrimp (Wife always gets this!), And still occasionally Sweet & Sour Chicken!
Posted by Dave on 06/04/2011
Love having this place just around the corner from where I live. Eat there regularly. The Shrimp w/Lobster Sauce is fabulous as is their Sweet & Sour Chicken!! The Happy Family is also excellent!! And the lady taking orders is always extremely kind and friendly!
Posted by Anonymous on 12/15/2010
This Chinese store has the best food i walk a long 10 blocks just to eat there even though there are like 4 other places near my house i rather this one the food is better


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Activity from 1982
Swagbucks: Signing Off For The Week
Posted by Team Swagbucks on Fri, July 13th, 2012 at 4:00 pm
TSG loves ending the week with a little TV sign-off – a reminder of how it used to be when TV needed its beauty rest too. This week, travel back with TSG to the Ontario of 1982 for Global TV's Sign-off:
Have a great weekend, everyone!
Swagbucks: Signing Off For The Week
Posted by Team Swagbucks on Fri, May 18th, 2012 at 5:00 pmAs the week winds down, TSG is back with yet another sign-off from the days when TV had a bedtime. The year? 1982. The place? Spokane, Washington. The channel? KXLY. Take us away, Paul Peterson: Have a great weekend, Swaggernauts!
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Thursday's keynote address was another one to remember… Jay Verkler (former CEO of Family Search and probably the single person most responsible for the existence of the RootsTech conference) was, as always, informative, fascinating and thought provoking. His talk focused on the world as it will exist in the year 2060, and how our vision of how things might be should be used to influence what we do today.
That served as a nice lead-in for a mind blowing demonstration by Google. They (Google) had a few people at last year's RootsTech and they walked away wondering why Google wasn't doing more to improve their search capabilities for the Genealogical community. And then they did something about it.
Their demo showed the potential for an emerging Microdata standard that probably will revolutionize how we search for genealogical information. They also demonstrated a soon to be released add-on for their Chrome browser that will take great advantage of web data that incorporates the Microdata mark-up tools.
The demo also showed the amazing influence this conference has already had in its short life. I can't help but wonder what spark of imagination this years conference has ignited…


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The Current | Oct 24, 2013 | 21:59
Senator Marjory LeBreton defends her role in the Senate spending scandal - Oct 24, 2013
PM Harper stood his ground as he spoke in the HOC yesterday and hit back at Senator Duffy's allegations. And Pamela Wallin also came out with her own attack on fellow senators. Today, we hear from the Sr. Senator named by both, Marjory LeBreton.


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Comic Book Values
If you are interested in learning more information about DC Comics, you will need to make sure that you read this article about DC Comics. Why? So that you can be sure that you really are up-to-date about the topic of DC Comics.
There are many different types of comic books that we can buy, trade and even look through when we go to a comic book shop. From these places you will encounter comic books in various conditions. Some comic books will be in mint condition and others will look well thumbed through even though they are newly printed comic books. When you are buying comic books for a collection you want to know roughly the comic book values.
I'm looking for a web site that I can find the value of all the comic books I collected when I was a kid.More specific, the death of superman,the one that came in a white plastic cover….
These values are somewhat difficult for the novice comic collector to find. To help you in this task of find the comic book values for your various comic books you can look for a comic book appraiser. This individual will have the knowledge and the experience in handling various comic books so that he comic will not sustain any signs of damage while the comic book is being assessed.
You can ask the appraiser questions about the various identifying marks when you want to know how to find these comic book values when you are in a comic book store. You can also use the various steps and instructions that are found in different comic book price guides.
As these price
Encyclopedia for all major and minor characters in the Marvel Comics Universe, including individuals, teams, and alien races.
guides are in both traditional book form and electronic version you should be able to find the comic book values that you are looking for. The information may be a little difficult to find but once you have seen and understood the criteria for assigning values to your comic books you will be able to test out your abilities.
If you base what you do on inaccurate information, you might be unpleasantly surprised by the consequences. Make sure you get the whole DC Comics story from informed sources.
The best way to get a feel for the various values that are possible is to see if you can determine the comic book values by the method that was described in the comic book price guides. The first step is to see the condition of the comic books in your collection. The ones that are in poor shape you may want to leave until you are able to see how the comic book value system really works.
The other items that determine the comic book values are the popularity in the long term. This means that long running comic series like Superman and Batman are probably most likely
to be very valuable especially if they are comics from the earlier editions. These early comic books are hard to find.
When you have developed your ability to judge the various comic book values and you feel that you will be able to say which comics are in mint condition and which ones are fair then you will need to see if you can take this a step further and look at the differences in the comic books that you have just purchased from the comic book stores. You can then see what a professional appraiser will value your collection at.
It is easy in this day and age to become confused about DC Comics. Such confusion can lead you into a wrong direction that you do not want to go in. If you do not want this to happen to you, or to someone that you love, then you need to read more articles such as this on the topic of DC Comics.


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O'Malley declares state of emergency
March 10, 2011 - 10:04 PM
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Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley declared a state of emergency Thursday because of heavy rains across the state could cause flooding.
The declaration calls the Maryland National Guard to active service and allows emergency operations in local areas to access state resources.
Read More:
Short URL: http://tbd.ly/f5H4Bd


text:
Join us for Date Night, held once a month!
Premier Art Studio Hosting Wine & Painting Parties Across Warwick, NY
Put on your creative cap and harness your artistic talents at Wine and Design in Warwick, NY. Spend two hours having fun with art, friends and the wine of your choice. With our local artists leading the parties with step-by-step instructions, we ensure that all of our customers walk away with a unique masterpiece they will be proud to hang up in their home.
At Wine and Design, we believe in teaching all ages and talents, which means we offer both adult and child painting parties, as well as private and mobile parties for more intimate occasions. This is the creative atmosphere you and your family have been looking for. Come out to our Warwick art studio, conveniently located on Route 94 South in the Meadowcrest Building, and create your masterpiece!
We Provide the Warwick Art Studio, You Bring the Party
At our Warwick art studio, we provide all the painting materials and encourage you not only to share the experience with your friends, but to bring your favorite wine, beer or snacks. There is no need to pack a corkscrew or bottle opener - we've got them on hand to help you cap off a perfect evening.
Please visit our online calendar and check out the featured painting of the evening which is scheduled throughout the month. You can also contact our art studio to book a private party or if you have any questions regarding any of our art classes.
We look forward to painting with you!
We'd love for you to meet our staff - click here to learn more about them.


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If you are organized and efficient
If you are organized and efficient
Be an administrative assistant. Often business owners can save money by hiring independent contacts to perform tasks such as data entry, transcription and scheduling out of a home office.
Go to virtualassistantjobs.com to find out more. Or register with an agency such as eaHelp.com or Zirtual.com, which assign clients to you.
- Be even more organized with All You's organization tips!


text:
Feeling a little down, lately?
Here's one quick and effective prescription: exercise.*
According to researchers, just 10 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise can enhance your mood
and reduce symptoms associated with depression, including sadness, stress, fatigue and self-doubt.
But as with any medication, you should be aware of the potential side effects that come with
And one of the best things about exercise: It's free!
*Exercise is a lifetime prescription for all ages. It may safely be combined with other depression-reducing
activities. Repeat at least three times a week, or more, as needed. See your physician before
starting any exercise regimen.


text:
Kyle Lovern
Sports Editor
PIKEVILLE, Ky. – Former Belfry High School basketball coach Randy Casey has been hired by Kelly Wells as an assistant coach for the University of Pikeville basketball program.
Last week, Casey resigned from his head coaching position at Belfry High School.
"This is a great opportunity and I'm excited about it," Casey said while in Pikeville on Friday. "We've been friends since college."
"I"m ecstatic to get the chance work with Kelly," Casey added. "I'm thrilled to get the chance to coach at the collegiate level. Coach Wells has a good program over here. I want to help them win another national championship. He has one ring, I would like to get a championship ring too."
"I'm very excited about this addition to our program," UPike head coach Kelly Wells said. "He and I go back many, many years. He was in my wedding."
"Randy will help us with our low post players. He will be a big asset and will really help us in practice and with player development," Wells added.
"We had talked about this for about 10 years," Wells said. "It is something we've worked on and now he will join our staff."
Casey will also help with recruiting in the local area.
"I look forward to the opportunity to work with someone that I have been friends with for a long time," Wells concluded. "He will be a huge asset to our program."
Casey had served as head coach of the Pirates for nine years. He had been an assistant at Belfry for 15 years before becoming head coach.
Casey started out as an assistant under former head coach Raymond Justice, then served as an assistant to David Hatfield and Jason Booher, before being named head coach for the Pirates.
He had a record of 150-101 with nine straight 15th regional tournament appearances. During that time he won three 60th District titles and he took his team to the semi-finals of the regional tourney three times.
Casey will remain as a history teacher at Belfry High School. So he will have to work out his schedule between Belfry and Pikeville for practices and games.
During his time as head coach Casey was named as KABC Coach of the Year for the 15th Region, he was named WYMT Coach of the Year and was also named coach of the year by the Williamson Daily News and News Express in past seasons.
His best record at BHS was back in the 2006-07 season when his squad finished with a 24-8 record.


text:
Instant Liferay Portal 6 Starter
Instant Liferay Portal 6 Starter
Book Details
About This Book
- Learn something new in an Instant! A short, fast, focused guide delivering immediate results.
- Get acquainted with Liferay's interface
- Learn the core concepts and terms of Liferay
- Create and manage content and learn to apply workflow to it
- Learn about collaboration and document management features
Who This Book Is For
Instant Liferay Portal 6 Starter is great for new users who want to know what Liferay is all about. It will quickly give them an overview about Liferay Portal and its features. It is also good for those who want to analyze whether Liferay is fit for their requirements and are interested in what unique features Liferay can offer.
Table of Contents
What You Will Learn
- Set up and get familiar with Liferay's interface
- Learn about user management and creation of your site
- Create a hierarchy with organizations
- Set up roles and permissions
- Understand Liferay's Marketplace
- Explore the collaboration features along with Dynamic Data Lists and OpenSocial Gadgets
- Get an overview of content management, document management, and workflow
In Detail
Instant Liferay Portal 6 Starter is a newbie guide to understanding the concepts of Liferay Portal. Learn how to build a site from scratch and some of the key features of Liferay.
Having data and content aggregated from various sources on one page has paved the way for a number of portals. Liferay has grown rapidly and made its presence felt when it comes to open source enterprise portals.
Instant Liferay Portal 6 Starter will show you how to set up Liferay and create a site. It will give you a basic idea of how to structure your site, the concept of portals, and will showcase Liferay's unique features that make it stand out from the rest of the portals.
You will learn how to manage users, group them into a hierarchy, and govern the access levels. You will also learn how to create sites and manage pages. It will take you through other significant features like content management, document management, and collaboration. With it you can explore some of the latest features, and learn important concepts and terminologies of Liferay 6.1, which will help you reduce your programming efforts.


text:
An automotive vehicle frame reinforcement system has a skeleton member designed to be secured to a vehicle frame, such as a roof or pillar section. An expandable material, such as an epoxy-based reinforcing foam, is disposed on the skeleton member. Once the system is attached to the frame, the foam expands and cures during an automobile assembly operation, bonding the reinforcement system to the frame. As a result, the reinforcement system provides enhanced load distribution over the vehicle frame without adding excessive weight.
1. A system for reinforcement of an automotive vehicle frame, comprising:
a skeleton member configured for placement in a cavity defined in the automotive vehicle frame, said skeleton member having an axis extending along a length of said skeleton member, said skeleton member having a plurality of ribs, said skeleton member having a first cross-sectional area taken generally perpendicular to said axis at first end of said length that is less than about seventy-five percent of a second cross-sectional area taken generally perpendicular to said axis at a second end of said length, said first end generally opposite said second end; and
an expandable material over at least a portion of said skeleton member, said expandable material configured to secure said skeleton member to said cavity defined in the automotive vehicle frame and provide an energy distribution in conjunction with said plurality of ribs wherein said plurality of ribs is substantially devoid of said expandable material.
2. A reinforcement system as in
3. A reinforcement system as in
4. A reinforcement system as in
5. A reinforcement system as in
6. A reinforcement system as in
7. A reinforcement system as in
8. A reinforcement system as in
9. A reinforcement system as in
The present invention relates generally to a reinforced structural member for use in strengthening the stiffness and strength of a frame assembly. More particularly, the invention relates to a vehicle frame system of an automotive vehicle that is reinforced by a member coated over a portion of its surface with an expandable material, the combination of which increases the structural stiffness and strength of the automotive vehicle.
For many years the transportation industry has been concerned with designing reinforced structural members that do not add significantly to the weight of a vehicle. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,755,486; 4,901,500; and 4,751,249 described prior art reinforcing devices. While these prior art devices may be advantageous in some circumstances, there is needed a simple low cost structure that permits coupling the reinforcement member to a variety of structures of varying geometric configurations. In the automotive industry there is also a need for a relatively low cost system for reinforcing automotive vehicle frame structures.
The present invention is directed to a structural reinforcement system, and particularly one for reinforcing automotive vehicle frame structures, such as (without limitation) vehicle roof and pillar structures. The system generally employs a skeleton member adapted for stiffening the structure to be reinforced and helping to redirect applied loads. In use, the skeleton member is in contact, over at least a portion of its outer surface, with an energy absorbing medium, and particularly heat activated bonding material. In a particular preferred embodiment, the skeleton member is a molded metal, or composite frame and it is at least partially coated with foamable epoxy-based resin, such as L5206, L5207, L5208 or L5209 structural foam commercially available from L & L Products of Romeo, Mich.
In one embodiment the skeleton member along with a suitable amount of bonding or load transfer medium is placed in a cavity defined within an automotive vehicle, such as a vehicle roof structure, pillar structure of both. The bonding medium is activated to accomplish expansion of the resin in the space defined between the skeleton member and the wall structure defining the cavity. The resulting structure includes the wall structure joined to the skeleton member with the aid of the structural foam.
The features and inventive aspects of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the following detailed description, claims, and drawings, of which the following is a brief description:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of aspects of an automotive vehicle roof and pillar structure, illustrating an A-Pillar and B-Pillar.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a skeleton member coated with an expandable resin in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the structure shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a coated skeleton member prior to activation of an expandable resin.
FIG. 5 illustrates the structure of FIG. 4 after the expandable resin has been expanded.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another illustrative structure in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of the structure of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 illustrates yet another structure in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 9 illustrates the structure of FIG. 8 employed in combination with a vehicle pillar structure.
FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an automotive vehicle 10 showing portions of a frame structure. As will be appreciated, it is common for such structures to include a plurality of hollow vehicle frame members that are joined to define the frame. One such structure, for purposes of illustration (without limitation) is a vehicle roof and pillar structure. As will be recognized, included in the roof and pillar structure may also be windows, sunroofs or other removable tops, vehicle doors and door components, headliners (with or without overhead accessories), or the like. As discussed later, other vehicle frame members are also contemplated within the scope of the present invention.
While FIG. 1 illustrates an A-Pillar 12 and B-Pillar 14, other pillars may likewise be employed in accordance with the present invention. In FIG. 1 there is shown also a portion of the roof structure 15 that bridges the A-Pillar 12 and B-Pillar 14.
Depending upon vehicle design, it is possible that the roof structure 15 bridging the A-Pillar and B-Pillar is relatively indistinguishable between the A-Pillar and B-Pillar such that the A-Pillar structure and B-Pillar structure effectively adjoin one another. In such instances the uppermost portion of the pillar structure is deemed the roof structure.
Reinforcement of the roof and pillar sections is accomplished by locating one or more skeleton members in accordance with the present invention in a hollow or cavity portion of the roof or pillar. FIG. 1 illustrates examples of this by showing a first skeleton member 16, a second skeleton member 18 and a third skeleton member 20 in such locations. The skeleton members 16, 18 and 20 preferably are sealingly secured to at least one of the roof and pillar sections by a bonding material, which upon heat activation produces adhesion to skeleton members to help secure the members and the walls defining the hollow from movement within the hollow portion.
Though other heat activated materials are possible, a preferred heat activated material is an expandable plastic, and preferably one that is foamable. A particularly preferred material is an epoxy-based structural foam. For example, without limitation, in one embodiment, the structural foam is an epoxy-based material, including an ethylene copolymer or terpolymer that may possess an alpha-olefin. As a copolymer or terpolymer, the polymer is composed of two or three different monomers, i.e., small molecules with high chemical reactivity that are capable of linking up with similar molecules.
A number of epoxy-based structural reinforcing foams are known in the art and may also be used to produce the structural foam. A typical structural foam includes a polymeric base material, such as an epoxy resin or ethylene-based polymer which, when compounded with appropriate ingredients (typically a blowing and curing agent), expands and cures in a reliable and predicable manner upon the application of heat or the occurrence of a particular ambient condition. From a chemical standpoint for a thermally-activated material, the structural foam is usually initially processed as a flowable thermoplastic material before curing. It will cross-link upon curing, which makes the material incapable of further flow.
An example of a preferred structural foam formulation is an epoxy-based material that is commercially available from L&L Products of Romeo, Mich., under the designations L5206, L5207, L5208 and L5209. One advantage of the preferred structural foam materials over prior art materials is that the preferred materials can be processed in several ways. The preferred materials can be processed by injection molding, extrusion compression molding or with a mini-applicator. This enables the formation and creation of part designs that exceed the capability of most prior art materials. In one preferred embodiment, the structural foam (in its uncured state) generally is dry or relatively free of tack to the touch.
While the preferred materials for fabricating the structural foam have been disclosed, the structural foam can be formed of other materials provided that the material selected is heat-activated or otherwise activated by an ambient condition (e.g. moisture, pressure, time or the like) and cures in a predictable and reliable manner under appropriate conditions for the selected application. One such material is the epoxy based resin disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/268,810, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,131,897 issued Oct. 17, 2000, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference, filled with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on Mar. 8, 1999 by the assignee of this application. Some other possible materials include, but are not limited to, polyolefin materials, copolymers and terpolymers with at least one monomer type an alpha-olefin, phenol/formaldehyde materials, phenoxy materials, and polyurethane materials with high glass transition temperatures. See also, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,766,719; 5,755,486; 5,575,526; and 5,932,680, (incorporated by reference). In general, the desired characteristics of the structural foam include relatively high stiffness, high strength, high glass transition temperature (typically greater than 70 degrees Celsius), and good corrosion resistance properties. In this manner, the material does not generally interfere with the materials systems (e.g., heat applications, e-coat paint solvents) employed by automobile manufacturers.
In applications where a heat activated, thermally expanding material is employed, an important consideration involved with the selection and formulation of the material comprising the structural foam is the temperature at which a material reaction or expansion, and possibly curing, will take place. For instance, in most applications, it is undesirable for the material to be reactive at room temperature or otherwise at the ambient temperature in a production line environment. More typically, the structural foam becomes reactive at higher processing temperatures, such as those encountered in an automobile assembly plant, when the foam is processed along with the automobile components at elevated temperatures or at higher applied energy levels, e.g., during painting preparation steps. While temperatures encountered in an automobile assembly operation may be in the range of about 148.89� C. to 204.44� C. (about 300� F. to 400� F.), body and paint shop applications are commonly about 93.33� C. (about 200� F.) or slightly higher. If needed, blowing agent activators can be incorporated into the composition to cause expansion at different temperatures outside the above ranges.
Generally, suitable expandable foams have a range of expansion ranging from approximately 0 to over 1000 percent. The level of expansion of the structural foam may be increased to as high as 1500 percent or more. Typically, strength is obtained from products that possess low expansion.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown one example of a first reinforcement member 16 in accordance with the present invention. This illustrated embodiment is useful, for instance, for reinforcing the juncture between an automotive vehicle roof 22 and the A-Pillar. The first member 16 has a first portion 24 adapted for placement in a cavity defined in a vehicle roof structure, and a second portion 26 adapted for placement in a cavity defined in a vehicle pillar, such as an A-Pillar as illustrated. Preferably the cross sectional silhouette of both the first portion 24 and the second portion 26 is generally complementary to the walls of the cavity defined in opposing roof or pillar structures. Though the member may also be solid, the member preferably includes a skeleton frame that is prepared to minimize weight while still achieving desired rigidity. Accordingly, the skeleton frame preferably is designed to employ a plurality of ribs that effectively are beamlike (e.g. I-beam) in function, thus helping to selectively strengthen the member. The ribs are illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 generally running orthogonal to one another. However, this is not intended as limiting, as the rib configuration may be varied depending upon the desired outcome.
In general, however, a rib is placed adjacent to, and in generally non-parallel relationship to a surface over which loads will be distributed. In FIG. 2, by way of illustration, a plurality of first ribs 28 are located adjacent to a surface of the member (shown covered with expandable material 30). FIG. 3 also shows how the ribs 28 (reference numerals illustrating some of the ribs, but not all) can be configured relative to one another to provide additional stabilization. In general, because of the relatively high bending moment of the ribs, without unduly increasing weight of the member, rigidity can be increased in locations where loads are anticipated by selective design and placement of the ribs. At the same time, enhanced load distribution is possible from the continuous surfaces and foam employed with the ribs to spread energy. Moreover, weight savings can be achieved by such design. For instance, for a cross-section of the member taken at any point over at least one quarter, preferably one half and more preferably greater than about three quarter of the length of the member, the cross-sectional area of the member at the cross-section is less than 75%, more preferably less than 50% and still more preferably less than 20% of the overall area of a silhouette profile of the cross-section of the member. In this manner, weight reductions of up to about 50%, more preferably about 70%, and still more preferably about 90%, are possible as compared with a solid structure of the same material.
It should be appreciated that other devices for securing the members 16, 18, and 20 to the vehicle frame may be employed, including suitable fasteners, straps, or other mechanical interlocks. Through-holes 32 may also be defined within the structure to assist in vehicle manufacturing. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the skeleton members of the present invention are injection molded plastics, such as nylons. However, other materials and manufacturing techniques may be employed similarly to achieve like results. For instance, high strength to weight metal components, such as aluminum, titanium, magnesium or the like, may be employed, as well as polymer composites such as a layered polymer with fibers capable of compression molding to generate strength.
Returning to FIG. 1, when employed in an automotive vehicle in accordance with the present invention, the skeleton members, particularly when coated with an expandable material (such as a heat activated epoxy based foam), can reinforce the region for which it is used by the combination of increased stiffening from the presence of beam-like ribs and load distribution through the combination of relatively high surface area continuous surfaces and an expandable material.
In another preferred embodiment, the expandable material, upon expansion will serve as a sealant for blocking the passage of fluids or other elements through the cavity. Thus, in such embodiment, it is preferred that the expandable material is provided continuously about generally the entirety of the periphery of any portion of the skeleton member that does not sealingly contact the automobile frame structure. FIG. 5 illustrates this by showing how skeleton member 16 coated with an expandable material 30 (shown in FIG. 4) is sealed in place upon activation of the material 30 (shown expanded in FIG. 5).
FIGS. 6 through 9 illustrate other embodiments in accordance with the present invention. In FIGS. 6 and 7, there is shown a reinforcing skeleton member 18 adapted for a pillar of an automotive vehicle. The structure of the skeleton member employs a plurality of ribs 34 adjoining one or more continuous surfaces 36 (shown coated with an expandable material 38).
The expandable material is shown in its expanded state. As the skilled artisan will appreciate, not all ribs are shown, and the specific design of each rib configuration will vary depending upon its intended use, and the geometry of the region being reinforced (e.g. walls 40 and 42 of the vehicle frame structure defining the cavity). Further expandable material may be employed in contact with the ribs.
FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate yet another embodiment according to the present invention. In this embodiment, a skeleton member 20 having a plurality ribs 44 and generally continuous surfaces (shown coated with a layer 46) is fabricated to also include structure for facilitating vehicle manufacture. Specifically, the embodiment shown includes a plurality of through-holes 48, for enabling body shop weld access or the like. As shown in FIG. 9, in this embodiment, the expandable material layer 46, upon expansion, covers the circumference of a cross section of the structure.
The skilled artisan will appreciate that the use of the reinforcements disclosed herein is not intended as being limited only to illustrate the locations shown in FIG. 1. They can be used in any location within an automotive vehicle frame. For instance, other reinforced locations are also possible including but not limited to pillar to door regions, roof to pillar, mid-pillar, roof rails, windshield or other window frames, deck lids, hatches, removable top to roof locations, other vehicle beltline locations, motor rails, lower sills, cross members, lower rails, and the like. Moreover, vehicle roof tops may be reinforced to support additional loads in accordance with the present invention. In the same manner as was described above in the context of a roof and pillar system, a reinforcement frame member having an expandable material thereon is placed in a cavity defined in the vehicle frame structure. The material is expanded to help secure the reinforcement in place.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed. A person of ordinary skill in the art would realize however, that certain notifications would come within the teachings of this invention. Therefore, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of the invention.
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