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Coating compositions having improved mar and scratch resistance are disclosed. The coatings generally comprise particles having a hardness sufficient to provide the desired level of scratch and/or mar resistance. The improved resistance is achieved without affecting the appearance or mechanical performance of the coatings. Methods for using the coatings, and the substrates coated therewith, are also disclosed.
1. A coating comprising:
a film-forming resin; and
a plurality of particles having an average particle size between 0.1 and 15 microns dispersed in said resin, wherein the particles have a hardness sufficient to impart greater mar and/or scratch resistance as compared to no particle being present.
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39. A method for improving the scratch and/or mar resistance of a substrate comprising applying to at least a portion of the substrate the coating of
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41. A method for preparing a powder coating comprising the step of extruding together a film-forming resin and a plurality of particles, wherein the particles have a hardness sufficient to impart greater mar and/or scratch resistance to the coating as compared to no particle being present.
42. A cured powder coating having a plurality of particles dispersed therein, which undergoes less than 10 percent gloss reduction after 500 hours of QUV exposure.
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[0001] This application claims priority to provisional application 60/254,143, filed on Dec. 8, 2000.
[0002] The present invention relates to coating compositions that provide improved mar and/or scratch resistance and to methods for using the same. More specifically, the improved resistance is achieved by adding particles to a film forming resin.
[0003] "Color-plus-clear" coating systems involving the application of a colored or pigmented basecoat to a substrate followed by application of a transparent or clearcoat over the basecoat have become increasingly popular as original finishes for a number of consumer products including, for example, cars and floor coverings such as ceramic tiles and wood flooring. The color-plus-clear coating systems have outstanding appearance properties such as gloss and distinctness of image, due in large part to the clear coat.
[0004] "One coat" systems comprising a one coat color layer are applied themselves as the topcoat. One coat systems are frequently used for household appliances, lawn and garden equipment, interior fixtures, and the like.
[0005] In recent years, powder coatings have become increasingly popular because these coatings are inherently low in volatile organic content (VOC), which significantly reduces air emissions during the application and curing processes. Liquid coatings are still used in many systems, however, particularly those wherein solvent emissions are permitted. For example, the coating of elastomeric automotive parts is often done by spraying liquid compositions. Many of these compositions are formulated to be flexible so the coating can bend or flex with the substrate without cracking. Because these coatings can result in films that are softer, they may be more susceptible to marring and scratching.
[0006] Topcoat film-forming compositions, such as the protective and/or decorative one coats for household appliances and the transparent clearcoat in color-plus-clear coating systems for automotive applications, are subject to defects that occur during the assembly process and damage from both the environment and normal use of the end product. Paint defects that occur during assembly include the paint layer being too thick or too thin, "fish eyes" or craters, and under-cured or over-cured paint; these defects can affect the color, brittleness, solvent resistance and mar and scratch performance of the coating. Damaging environmental factors include acidic precipitation, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, high relative humidity and high temperatures; these factors can also result in compromised performance. Normal use of consumer products will often lead to marring, scratching and/or chipping of the surface due to contact with hard objects, contact with brushes and/or abrasive cleansers during normal cleaning processes, and the like.
[0007] Thus, there is a need in the coatings art for topcoats having good scratch and mar resistance, including those in which flexibility would also be desired.
[0008] The present invention is directed to coating compositions general comprising a film-forming resin in which is dispersed a plurality of particles. The particles can be organic or inorganic particles, or mixtures thereof. The particles typically have an average particle size ranging from 0.1 to 15 microns. Methods for using these compositions are also within the scope of the invention, as are articles coated according to these methods.
[0009] It has been surprisingly discovered that the incorporation of particles into a film-forming resin results in coatings having enhanced mar and/or scratch resistance as compared with the same coatings lacking these particles. According to the present invention, coatings can be formulated with these improved mar and/or scratch characteristics without affecting the appearance or other mechanical properties of the coatings.
[0010] "Mar" and "scratch" refer herein to physical deformations resulting from mechanical or chemical abrasion. "Mar resistance" is a measure of a material's ability to resist appearance degradation caused by small scale mechanical stress. "Scratch resistance" is the ability of a material to resist more severe damage that can lead to visible, deeper or wider trenches. Thus, scratches are generally regarded as being more severe than what is referred to in the art as mar, and the two are regarded in the art as different. As noted above, mar and scratch can result from manufacturing and environmental factors as well as through normal use. Although mar and scratch are in many respects differing degrees of the same thing, a coating that improves mar resistance may not be effective in improving scratch resistance, and vice versa. It will be appreciated, therefore, that combinations of particles can be employed to give the final coating its desired characteristics. For example, one particle that offers particularly good mar resistance can be coupled with one that offers particularly good scratch resistance.
[0011] The present invention is directed to a coating comprising a film-forming resin and a plurality of particles dispersed in the resin.
[0012] Any resin that forms a film can be used according to the present methods, absent compatibility problems. For example, resins suitable for both powder and liquid coating compositions can be employed.
[0013] A particularly suitable resin for use in the present powder compositions is one formed from the reaction of a polymer having at least one type of reactive functional group and a curing agent having functional groups reactive with the functional group of the polymer. The polymers can be, for example, acrylic, polyester, polyether or polyurethane, and can contain functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, carbamate, isocyanate, epoxy, amide and carboxylate functional groups.
[0014] The use in powder coatings of acrylic, polyester, polyether and polyurethane polymers having hydroxyl functionality is known in the art. Monomers for the synthesis of such polymers are typically chosen so that the resulting polymers have a glass transition temperature ("Tg") greater than 50° C. Examples of such polymers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,646,228 at column 5, line 1 to column 8, line 7, incorporated by reference herein.
[0015] Acrylic polymers and polyester polymers having carboxylic acid functionality are also suitable for powder coatings. Monomers for the synthesis of acrylic polymers having carboxylic acid functionality are typically chosen such that the resulting acrylic polymer has a Tg greater than 40° C., and for the synthesis of the polyester polymers having carboxylic acid functionality such that the resulting polyester polymer has a Tg greater than 50° C. Examples of carboxylic acid group-containing acrylic polymers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,214,101 at column 2, line 59 to column 3, line 23, incorporated by reference herein. Examples of carboxylic acid group-containing polyester polymers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,801,680 at column 5, lines 38 to 65, incorporated by reference herein.
[0016] The carboxylic acid group-containing acrylic polymers can further contain a second carboxylic acid group-containing material selected from the class of C4 to C20 aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, polymeric polyanhydrides, low molecular weight polyesters having an acid equivalent weight from about 150 to about 750, and mixtures thereof. This material is crystalline and is preferably a low molecular weight crystalline carboxylic acid group-containing polyester.
[0017] Also useful in the present powder coating compositions are acrylic, polyester and polyurethane polymers containing carbamate functional groups. Examples are described in WO Publication No. 94/10213, incorporated by reference herein. Monomers for the synthesis of such polymers are typically chosen so that the resulting polymer has a high Tg, that is, a Tg greater than 40° C. The Tg of the polymers described above can be determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
[0018] Suitable curing agents generally include blocked isocyanates, polyepoxides, polyacids, polyols, anhydrides, polyamines, aminoplasts and phenoplasts. The appropriate curing agent can be selected by one skilled in the art depending on the polymer used. For example, blocked isocyanates are suitable curing agents for hydroxy and primary and/or secondary amino group-containing materials. Examples of blocked isocyanates are those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,988,793, column 3, lines 1 to 36, incorporated by reference herein. Polyepoxides suitable for use as curing agents for COOH functional group-containing materials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,681,811 at column 5, lines 33 to 58, incorporated by reference herein. Polyacids as curing agents for epoxy functional group-containing materials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,681,811 at column 6, line 45 to column 9, line 54, incorporated by reference herein. Polyols, materials having an average of two or more hydroxyl groups per molecule, can be used as curing agents for NCO functional group-containing materials and anhydrides, and are well known in the art. Polyols for use in the present invention are typically selected such that the resultant material has a Tg greater than about 50° C.
[0019] Anhydrides as curing agents for epoxy functional group-containing materials include, for example, trimellitic anhydride, benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and the like as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,472,649 at column 4, lines 49 to 52, incorporated by reference herein. Aminoplasts as curing agents for hydroxy, COOH and carbamate functional group-containing materials are well known in the art. Examples of such curing agents include aldehyde condensates of glycoluril, which give high melting crystalline products useful in powder coatings. While the aldehyde used is typically formaldehyde, other aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, and benzaldehyde can be used.
[0020] The film-forming resin described above is generally present in the present powder coating compositions in an amount greater than about 50 weight percent, such as greater than about 60 weight percent, and less than 90 weight percent, with weight percent being based on the total weight of the composition. For example, the weight percent of resin can be between 60 and 70 weight percent. When a curing agent is used, it is generally present in an amount of between about 10 and 40 weight percent; this weight percent is also based on the total weight of the coating composition.
[0021] The present compositions can be formed from film-forming resins that are liquid, that is, water-borne or solvent-borne systems. Organic solvents in which the present coatings may be dispersed include, for example, alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, glycol ethers, esters or mixtures thereof. Examples of polymers useful in forming the resin in the liquid coatings of the present invention include hydroxyl or carboxylic acid-containing acrylic copolymers, hydroxyl or carboxylic acid-containing polyester polymers, oligomers and isocyanate or hydroxyl-containing polyurethane polymers, and amine or isocyanate-containing polyureas. These polymers are further described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,939,491, column 7, line 7 to column 8, line 2; this patent, as well as the patents referenced therein, are incorporated by reference herein. Curing agents for these resins are also described in the '491 patent at column 6, line 6 to line 62. In solvent-based compositions, the solvent is generally present in amounts ranging from 5 to 80 weight percent based on total weight of the composition, such as 30 to 50 percent.
[0022] Any combination of organic or inorganic particles can be added to the resin according to the present invention. Examples of organic particles include diamond particles, such as diamond dust particles, and particles formed from carbide materials; examples of carbide particles include but are not limited to titanium carbide, silicon carbide and boron carbide. Inorganic particles include but are not limited to silica; alumina; alumina silicate; silica alumina; alkali aluminosilicate; borosilicate glass; nitrides including boron nitride and silicon nitride; oxides including titanium dioxide and zinc oxide; quartz; nepheline syenite; zircon such as in the form of zirconium oxide; buddeluyite; and eudialyte. Mixtures of any of the above particles can be used, including different combinations of organic particles, inorganic particles, or both. The silica can be in any suitable form, such as crystalline, amorphous, or precipitated; crystalline silica is particularly suitable for one-coat applications. The alumina can be used in any of its forms, such as alpha, beta, gamma, delta, theta, tabular alumina, and the like and can be fused or calcined, and if calcined, ground or unground. Alpha alumina having a crystalline structure is particularly suitable for clear coats used in the automotive industry.
[0023] The particles listed above are widely commercially available. For example, crystalline silica is available from Reade Advanced Materials; amorphous and precipitated silica from PPG Industries, Inc.; ZEEOSPHERES, silica alumina ceramic alloy particles, from 3M Corporation; silica alumina, such as G200, G-400, G-600, from 3M Corporation; alkali alumina silicate, such as W-210, W-410, and W-610, from 3M Corporation; borosilicate glass, sold as SUNSPHERES, from MoSci Corporation; and quartz and nepheline syenite from Unimin, Inc. Tabular alumina is available from Micro Abrasives Corporation as WCA3, WCA3S, and WCA3TO, and from Alcoa as T64-20. Zircon, buddeluyite and eudialyte are commercially available from Aran Isles Corporation, and boron nitride is available from Carborundum Inc. as SHP-605 and HPP-325. It will be appreciated that many commercially available products are actually composites or alloys of one or more materials; such particles are equally within the scope of the present invention.
[0024] In some embodiments, it might be desirable to heat treat the particles before incorporating them into the present compositions. Heat treating can be accomplished, for example, by heating the particles at a temperature of between about 350° C. and 2000° C., such as 600° C. and 1000C. for a time period of two to three hours.
[0025] The particles used in the present invention have an average particle size ranging from about 0.1 to 15 microns, such as from 1 to 12 microns, 1 to 10 microns, or 3 to 6 microns. Any of the particles listed above can be used in any size within these ranges according to the present invention. In one embodiment, the particle size is less than 10 microns. In one embodiment, the particles are silicon carbide, calcined alumina or tabular alumina having a median particle size range of less than 6 microns, such as less 5.5 microns or even less than 3 microns. In one embodiment the particles are unground calcined alumina having a median crystallite size of less than 5.5 microns, such as about 2 microns. "Average particle size" refers to the size of about 50 percent or more of the particles in a sample. "Median particle size" refers to the particle size at which half of the distribution is larger and half is smaller; "median crystallite size" is similarly defined, but using the crystallite size rather than the particle size.
[0026] Particle size can be determined according to any method known in the art, such as by a conventional particle size analyzer. For example, where the average particle size is greater than 1 micron laser scattering techniques can be employed, and for average particle sizes smaller than 1 micron, transmissional electron microscopy ("TEM") can be used.
[0027] The shape or morphology of the particles can vary depending on the type of particle or particles selected. For example, generally spherical particles, such as crystalline materials, solid beads, microbeads, or hollow spheres, can be used, as can particles that are platy, cubic or acicular (that is, elongated or fibrous). The particles can also have a random or nonuniform morphology. In addition, the particles can have an internal structure that is hollow, porous or void free, or any combination, such as a hollow center with porous or solid walls. It will be appreciated that different particle shapes may be more suitable for one application over another. For example, when used with automotive clearcoats, particles having a platy morphology may have better mar resistance than those having spherical or other nonspherical forms. Particle shape may be irrelevant, however, for other applications. It will be appreciated that combinations of particles having different morphologies can be used to give the desired characteristics to the final coating.
[0028] The particles should have a hardness sufficient to impart greater protection from mar and/or scratch than would be achieved in a coating made from the same resin but lacking the particles. For example, the particles can have a hardness value greater than the hardness value of materials that can scratch or mar a cured coating, such as dirt, sand, rocks, glass, abrasive cleaners, car wash brushes, and the like. The hardness value of the particles and materials that can scratch or mar a coating can be determined by any conventional hardness measurement method, but is typically determined according to the Mohs hardness scale. The Mohs scale is an empirical scale of the hardness of minerals or mineral-like materials, and indicates the relative scratch resistance of the surface of a material. The original Mohs scale consisted of the values ranging from 1 to 10, with talc having a value of 1 and diamond having a value of 10. The scale has recently been expanded from a maximum value of 10 to a maximum value of 15 to accommodate the addition of some synthetic materials. All of the Mohs hardness values discussed herein, however, are based upon the original 1 to 10 scale.
[0029] The Mohs hardness values of several particles within the scope of the invention are given in Table A below.
[0030] Typically, the particles used according to the present invention will have a Mohs hardness of about 4.5 or greater, such as about 5 or greater. For automobile clearcoats, particles having a Mohs hardness of 9 or 10 is often the most suitable. In one embodiment, the Mohs hardness of the particles is between 4.5 and 8, such as between 4.5 and 7.5, or 4.5 and 7.
[0031] It will be appreciated that many particles, particularly the inorganic particles, according to the present invention have a hardness at their surface that can be different from the hardness of the internal portions of the particle. The hardness of the surface is typically the hardness relevant to the present invention.
[0032] As noted above, the particles or combination of particles used in the present invention should generally have a hardness sufficient to impart improved protection from mar and/or scratch as compared to no particle being present. Accordingly, the present compositions, when cured, will have greater mar and/or scratch resistance than their particle-lacking counterparts. Gloss retention percentages following mar and/or scratch testing ranging from 20 percent up to near 100 percent are achieved, such as 20 percent or greater retention, 50 percent or greater retention, or 70 percent or greater retention. To determine whether improved mar and scratch resistance is obtained with a particular particle or combination of particles, two coating compositions can be formulated, with the only difference being that one contains the present particles and one does not. The coatings can be tested for mar and/or scratch resistance (i.e. "mar and/or scratch testing") by any means standardly known in the art, such as those described in the Example section below. The results for the particle-containing and nonparticle-containing compositions can be compared to determine whether improved resistance is obtained when the selected particles are added. Even a small improvement in any of these tests constitutes an improvement according to the invention. It will be appreciated that mar and scratch resistance, and methods for testing the same, are distinct from "wear-through", weight loss, or bulk-film properties tested, for example, using a Taber abraser, and that such tests are typically relevant to products other than those of the present invention.
[0033] The particles are typically present in the curable coating composition of the present invention in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20.0 weight percent, such as from 0.1 to 10 weight percent, or from 0.1 to 8 weight percent, with weight percent based on total weight of the coating composition. In one embodiment, the particles are present in a concentration of greater than 5 weight percent, such as greater than 5 up to 20 weight percent. While amounts of 20 weight percent or less are typically suitable, amounts even greater than 20 weight percent can also be used. It will be appreciated that improvement in mar and scratch resistance will increase as the concentration of particles increases. The tests described in the Example section below can be used by those skilled in the art to determine what weight percent or "load" of particles will give the desired level of protection. The particles will be fairly evenly dispersed in the cured coating, that is, there will not typically be an increased concentration of particles in one portion of the cured coating as compared with another.
[0034] Both the size of the particles used as well as the particle load can affect not only the level of mar and/or scratch resistance but also the appearance of the cured coating. Thus, particle size and load should be optimized by the user based on the particular application, taking into account, for example, the level of acceptable haze, the level of mar and/or scratch resistance, the thickness of the coating and the like. Where appearance is particularly relevant, such as in an automotive clear coat, a relatively low load and particle size can be used. A load of less than 5 weight percent, even less than 1 weight percent, and a particle size between about 3 to 6 microns is particularly suitable. For industrial one-coat systems where haze is not as relevant, or where other pigments are present, loadings of up to about 10 percent or even higher can be used, as can particle sizes of 10 microns or even larger. One skilled in the art can optimize particle size and load to achieve the desired level of mar and/or scratch resistance without compromising the appearance or other mechanical properties of the cured coatings. Mixtures of particles having different sizes may be particularly suitable for a given application.
[0035] Haze can also be minimized to at least some degree by selecting resins and particles that have a similar refractive index ("RI"), that is the difference between the resin RI and the particle RI ("Δ RI") is minimized. In some applications, such as for clear coats, the Δ RI can be less than one, or even less than 0.1. Using a combination of particles having different RI's can also help to reduce haze. Minimizing Δ RI is particularly relevant when the particles are larger in size (i.e. greater than about 6 microns) and/or the particle load is greater than about 8 weight percent. When the RI of the particle is close to the RI of the resin, the particles may comprise greater than 20 weight percent of the present compositions.
[0036] In another embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the particles described above, nanoparticles are also incorporated into the present compositions. "Nanoparticles" is used herein to refer to particles having an average particle size from 0.8 to less than 500 nanometers, such as between 10 and 100 nanometers. Such nanoparticles can include both organic and inorganic particulate materials, such as those formed from polymeric and nonpolymeric organic and inorganic materials, composite materials, and mixtures thereof. As used herein, the term "polymeric inorganic material" means a polymeric material having a backbone repeat unit based on an element or elements other than carbon, for example silicon; "polymeric organic materials" means synthetic polymeric materials, semisynthetic polymeric materials and natural polymeric materials, all of which have a backbone repeat unit based on carbon. "Composite material" refers to a combination of two or more different materials that have been combined. The nanoparticles formed from composite materials can have a hardness at their surface that is different from the hardness of the internal portions of the particle. The surface of the nanoparticles can be modified such as by chemically or physically changing its surface characteristics using techniques known in the art. For example, the nanoparticles can be dispersed in siloxane, such as one to which an acid functional group has been added. In addition, a nanoparticle formed from one material can be coated, clad or encapsulated with a different material or different form of the same material to yield a particle having the desired surface characteristics.
[0037] The nanoparticles suitable for use in the compositions of the invention can be formed from ceramic materials, metallic materials, or mixtures thereof or can comprise, for example, a core of essentially a single inorganic oxide such as silica in colloidal, fumed, or amorphous form, alumina or colloidal alumina, titanium dioxide, cesium oxide, yttrium oxide, colloidal yttrium, zirconia such as colloidal or amorphous zirconia or mixtures thereof, or an inorganic oxide of one type upon which is deposited an organic oxide of another type. Materials useful in forming the present nanoparticles include graphite, metals, oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, sulfides, silicates, carbonates, sulfates and hydroxides.
[0038] As discussed above, in many applications it will be desired that the use of the present particles and, when employed, the nanoparticles should not significantly interfere with the optical properties of the cured coating composition. Haze can be determined using a BYK/Haze Gloss instrument. The haze of a cured coating both with and without the present particles ("Δ haze value") of less than about 10 or even lower is typically desired for most applications. A Δ haze value of 5 or less is typically desired when using the present compositions as a transparent topcoat.
[0039] The powder coating compositions of the present invention may optionally contain additives such as waxes for flow and wetting, flow control agents, such as poly (2-ethylhexyl) acrylate, degassing additives such as benzoin and MicroWax C, adjuvant resin to modify and optimize coating properties, antioxidants, ultraviolet (UV) light absorbers and catalysts. Examples of useful antioxidants and UV light absorbers include those available commercially from Ciba-Geigy under the trademarks IRGANOX® and TINUVIN®. These optional additives, when used, are typically present in amounts up to 20 percent by weight, based on total weight of the coating.
[0040] The liquid compositions of the present invention can similarly contain optimal additives such as plasticizers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, UV absorbers, thixotropic agents, anti-gassing agents, organic cosolvents, biocides, surfactants, flow control additives and catalysts. Any such additives known in the art can be used, absent compatibility problems.
[0041] The particles of the present invention can be added at any time during the formulation of the powder or liquid coating. For example, curable powder coating compositions of the present invention can be prepared by first dry blending the film-forming resin, the plurality of particles, and any of the additives described above, in a blender, such as a Henschel blade blender. The blender is operated for a period of time sufficient to result in a homogenous dry blend of the materials. The blend is then melt blended in an extruder, such as a twin screw co-rotating extruder, operated within a temperature range sufficient to melt but not gel the components. The melt blended curable powder coating composition is typically milled to an average particle size of from, for example, 15 to 80 microns. Other methods known in the art can also be used.
[0042] Alternatively, the present powder compositions can be prepared by blending and extruding the ingredients as described above, but without the present particles. The particles can be added as a post-additive to the formulation, such as through a second extrusion process or by simply mixing the particles into the blended composition, such as by shaking them together in a closed container or using a Henschel mixer. While compositions comprising post-added particles have been surprisingly found to give better mar and/or scratch resistance, ease of use, processibility and appearance are often better when the particles are incorporated into the formulation with the other dry ingredients. The manner of formulating the present compositions can therefore be determined by one skilled in the art depending on the application and desired parameters of the user.
[0043] The coating compositions of the invention can be applied to a variety of substrates, for example automotive substrates such as fenders, hoods, doors and bumpers, and industrial substrates such as household appliances, including washer and dryer panels and lids, refrigerator doors and side panels, lighting fixtures and metal office furniture. Such automotive and industrial substrates can be metallic, for example, aluminum and steel substrates, and non-metallic, for example, thermoplastic or thermoset (i.e. "polymeric") substrates.
[0044] The powder coating compositions are most often applied by spraying, and in the case of a metal substrate, by electrostatic spraying, or by the use of a fluidized bed. The powder coating can be applied in a single sweep or in several passes to provide a film having a thickness after cure of from about 1 to 10 mils (25 to 250 micrometers), usually about 2 to 4 mils (50 to 100 micrometers). Other standard methods for coating application can be employed such as brushing, dipping or flowing.
[0045] The liquid compositions of the invention can also be applied by any conventional method such as brushing, dipping, flow coating, roll coating, conventional and electrostatic spraying. Spray techniques are most often used. Typically, film thickness for liquid coatings can range between 0.1 and 5 mils, such as between 0.1 and 1 mil, or about 0.4 mils.
[0046] Generally, after application of the coating composition, the coated substrate is baked at a temperature sufficient to cure the coating. Metallic substrates with powder coatings are typically cured at a temperature ranging from 250° F. to 500° F. (121.1° C. to 260.0° C.) for 1 to 60 minutes, or from 300° F. to 400° F. (148.9° C. to 204.4° C.) for 15 to 30 minutes.
[0047] Several liquid formulations can be cured at ambient temperature, such as those using a polyisocyanate or polyanhydride curing agent, or they can be cured at elevated temperatures to hasten the cure. An example would be forced air curing in a down draft booth at about 40° C. to 60° C., which is common in the automotive refinish industry. The ambient temperature curable compositions are usually prepared as a two (2) package system in which the curing agent is kept separate from the polysiloxane containing the reactive functional group. The packages are combined shortly before application.
[0048] The thermally curable liquid compositions such as those using blocked isocyanate, aminoplast, phenoplast, polyepoxide or polyacid curing agent can be prepared as a one-package system. These compositions are cured at elevated temperatures, typically for 1 to 30 minutes at about 250° F. to about 450° F. (121° C. to 232° C.) with temperature primarily dependent upon the type of substrate used. Dwell time (i.e., time that the coated substrate is exposed to elevated temperature for curing) is dependent upon the cure temperatures used as well as wet film thickness of the applied coating composition. For example, coated automotive elastomeric parts require a long dwell time at a lower cure temperature (e.g., 30 minutes 250° F. (121° C.), while coated aluminum beverage containers require a very short dwell time at a very high cure temperature (e.g., 1 minute 375° F. (191° C.)).
[0049] The coating compositions of the invention are particularly useful as primers and as color and/or clear coats in color-clear composite coatings. The compositions of the invention in the pigmented form can be applied directly to a substrate to form a color coat. The color coat may be in the form of a primer for subsequent application of a top coat or may be a colored top coat. Alternately, the coating composition of the invention can be unpigmented, in the form of a clearcoat for application over a color coat (either a primer coat or a colored topcoat). When used as a primer coating, thicknesses of 0.4 to 4.0 mils are typical. When used as a color topcoat, coating thicknesses of about 0.5 to 4.0 mils are usual, and when used as a clearcoat, coating thicknesses of about 1.5 to 4.0 mils are generally used.
[0050] Accordingly, the present invention is further directed to a substrate coated with one or more of the present compositions. The substrates and compositions, and manner of applying the same, are as described above.
[0051] The present invention is further directed to a multi-layer composite coating composition comprising a base coat deposited from a film-forming composition and a topcoat applied over at least a portion of the base coat, where the topcoat is deposited from any of the coating compositions of the present invention. The base coat might have a cured film thickness between about 0.5 to 4 mils (12.5 to 100 micrometers) while the topcoat cured film thickness can be up to 10 mils (250 micrometers). The base coat can be cured before application of the topcoat, or the two coats can be cured together. In one example, the base coat can be deposited from a pigmented film-forming composition, while the topcoat formed from the present compositions is substantially transparent. This is the color-plus-clear system discussed above, frequently used in automotive applications.
[0052] In yet another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method for improving the mar and/or scratch resistance of a coated substrate comprising applying the present compositions to at least a portion of the substrate. Application can be by any means known in the art to the thicknesses described above.
[0053] The coatings formed according to the present invention have outstanding appearance properties and scratch and mar resistance properties as compared to no particles being present. It has been surprisingly discovered that the compositions of the present invention result in coatings having exceptional resistance to UV degradation. Accordingly, the invention is further directed to a cured coating having particles dispersed throughout, such as a powder coating, having less than 10 percent, such as less than 5 percent or even less than 4 percent, reduction in gloss after 500, 1000, and 1500 hours of QUV exposure. As shown in the Examples below, the coatings of the present invention can even have improved resistance following QUV exposure. "QUV exposure" refers to any type of QUV exposure, such as testing done pursuant to ASTM D-4587.
[0054] As used herein, unless otherwise expressly specified all numbers such as those expressing values, ranges, amounts or percentages may be read as if prefaced by the word "about", even if the term does not expressly appear. Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. As used herein, the term "polymer" refers to oligomers and both homopolymers and copolymers.
[0055] For all of the Examples, unless otherwise noted, 20° gloss was measured with a handheld 20° NOVO-GLOSS 20 statistical glossmeter, available from Gardener Instrument Company, Inc.
[0056] BON AMI Mar Resistance ("BON AMI") was performed using an Atlas AATCC Mar Tester Model CM-5, available from Atlas Electrical Devices Co. of Chicago, Ill. Using a felt cloth clamped to the acrylic finger on the arm of the instrument, a set of 10 double rubs (unless indicated otherwise) was run on each panel, which was coated with BON AMI cleanser. The panel was then washed with cool tap water and dried. In the tables below, mar resistance is expressed as a percentage of the 20° gloss that was retained after the surface was marred by the mar tester. Mar resistance was measured as: Mar Resistance=(Marred Gloss÷Original Gloss)×100.
[0057] 1, 2, and 9μ 3M Abrasive Paper Scratch Resistance ("1, 2 or 9μ Paper") also was performed using the Atlas Tester. A 2″×2″ piece of the 3M Abrasive Paper backed with the felt cloth was clamped to the acrylic finger on the arm of the instrument, and a set of 10 double rubs (unless indicated otherwise) was run on each panel. The panel was then washed with cool tap water and dried. In the tables below, scratch resistance is expressed as the percentage of the 20° gloss that was retained after the surface was scratched by the scratch tester. Scratch resistance was measured as: Scratch Resistance=(Scratched Gloss÷Original Gloss)×100.
[0058] BYK Gardner haze was measured using the BYK/Haze Gloss Instrument following manufacturer's instructions.
[0059] Steel wool tests were also performed using the Atlas Tester ("steel wool") in the same manner as the scratch tests only using a 2″×2″ piece of the 0000# grade steel wool sheet backed with the felt cloth.
[0060] Steel wool tests were also performed using a light hammer (571 grams "light hammer") or heavy hammer (1381 grams "heavy hammer") wrapped with 0000# grade steel wool. In some cases, the heavy hammer had a 1382 gram weight mounted on top. These tests were otherwise performed as described above for the scratch tests. Values repaired in the tables below for the steel wool tests are percent gloss retention.
[0061] The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
[0062] Epoxy-acid powder clear coat compositions identified as Samples 1 through 7 in Table I were prepared using the components and amounts (parts by weight) shown, and processed in the following manner. The components were blended in a Henschel Blender for 60 to 90 seconds. The mixtures were then extruded through a Werner & Pfleider co-rotating twin screw extruder at a 450 RPM screw speed and an extrudate temperature of 100° C. to 125° C. The extruded material was then ground to a particle size of 17 to 27 microns using an ACM Grinder (Air Classifying Mill from Micron Powder Systems, Summit, N.J. ). Cold rolled steel test panels were coated with PPG Black Electrocoat primer ED5051, fully cured, and were obtained from ACT Laboratories. The finished powders were electrostatically sprayed onto test panels and evaluated for coatings properties as discussed below.
[0063] The powder coatings of Samples 1-7 were applied at 2.3 to 2.8 mils (58 to 71 microns) and cured for 30 minutes at 293° F. (145° C.). The panels were then subjected to the mar and scratch tests indicated in the tables below. A number of control panels were prepared. Generally, Samples 2-7, which represent compositions according to the present invention, performed better in all tests as compared to Sample 1, which did not include the present particles.
[0064] The results of Table 2 demonstrate that nonuniform particles present in a concentration as low as 0.1 weight percent provides enhanced mar and scratch protection (Sample 2); improvement is seen with spherical particles as well (Samples 6 and 7).
[0065] The results of Table 3 demonstrate improved resistance with particles having an average particle size of 10μ (Sample 3).
[0066] The results of Table 4 demonstrate that a blend of particles may also be used to improve mar and scratch resistance. The blend of particles (Sample 5) gave results, particularly for mar resistance, that were improved over those obtained with the individual particles, Sample 4 and Sample 6 (shown in Table 2). In all cases use of particles gave improved mar resistance when compared with control (Sample 1).
[0067] Powder clearcoats were prepared as described for Sample 3 in Example 1 only using either 0.3 weight percent zinc oxide (Mohs hardness of 5, Aldrich Chemical, 0.5μ average particle size), Sample 8, or 0.3 weight percent diamond particles (Mohs hardness of 10, GE Superabrasives, 6μ average particle size), Sample 9. Sample 10 was prepared using the same components and weights as Sample 8, but with addition of the zinc oxide after extrusion. That is, the ZnO particles were mixed until incorporated into the formulation following the grinding step with a Henschel mixer. Test panels were prepared and tested as described above. Results are presented in Tables 5 and 6 below.
[0068] Both the pre-added ZnO (Sample 8) and post-added ZnO (Sample 10) imparted greater overall mar and scratch resistance as compared to the control (Sample 1).
[0069] The results of Table 6, when compared with the results shown for Sample 2 in Table 2, demonstrate that the higher the diamond particle weight percent the greater the resistance, as compared with control samples lacking any particles.
[0070] Sample 11 was prepared as generally described in Example 1, using the amounts shown in Table 7. Test panels were prepared and tested, also as described above, and compared with Control Sample 1. These results are presented in Table 8.
[0072] The results of Table 8 demonstrate dramatic improvement in mar and scratch resistance when using 8 weight percent alumina platelets as compared with Control Sample 1, lacking the particles.
[0073] Samples 12 and 13 were prepared as described above for Samples 8 and 10, only using an α-alumina, nonspherical particle having an average particle size of 0.5μ instead of ZnO. Test panels were coated as described above. As demonstrated in Table 9, performance of pre-addition (Sample 12) and post-addition (Sample 13) formulations greatly exceeded that of Control Sample 1.
[0074] Samples 15-17 were prepared as described in Example 1 using the components and weight percents shown in Table 10.
[0075] Panels coated with Samples 15-17 were subjected to the BON AMI and steel wool tests described above. Results are presented in Table 11. Gloss retention, i.e. resistance, was greatly improved with both silicas; the smaller silica (Sample 17) gave a haze value that is more desirable in a clear coat application without compromising performance.
[0076] Samples 18-21 were prepared and tested as those of Example 5, using the components and weight percent shown in Table 12.
[0077] Samples 18 and 19 were formulated with GMA Acrylic Resin and Samples 20 and 21 with GMA/IBoMA Acrylic Resin, which has a lower RI than the GMA Acrylic Resin. Samples 19 and 20 contained Goresil 25, while Samples 18 and 21 provided a control lacking the particle. The results in Table 13 demonstrate that the Δ haze value can be reduced when using a resin that has a RI closer to that of the particle used. The Δ haze for the GMA resin (particle vs. no particle) was 16, while the Δ haze for the GMA/IBoMA was only 8. The samples containing particles according to the present invention had improved performance over control samples.
[0078] Samples 22-25 were prepared and tested as described in Example 5 using the components and weight percent shown in Table 14.
[0079] Results presented in Table 15 demonstrate that the formulations comprising only micro-sized particles (Sample 23) and only nano-sized particles in acid functional siloxane (Sample 25) performed better than Control, and that the best overall performance was seen when both particles were present (Sample 24).
[0080] Samples 26-29 were prepared using an acid functional polyester resin containing the components in the weights shown in Table 16. The Samples were tested as described above, only using cold rolled steel panels with an iron phosphate pretreatment, obtained from ACT Laboratories.
[0082] As demonstrated in Table 17, the formulations of the present invention (Samples 27-29) performed better in all tests as compared with the Control, Sample 26. A variety of resin types, including those containing pigments, are suitable for use in the present invention.
[0083] Liquid coating compositions (Samples 30-32) were prepared using the components listed in Table 18.
[0084] The components of the particle paste were sealed in an eight ounce jar and shaken on a paint shaker for 3.5 hours to disperse the particle paste. The grind media was filtered out and the material was ready to use. The above ingredients were mixed and sprayed within 10 minutes due to the short pot life, which is normal for refinish two-pack systems.
[0085] The ED5051 black primer panels described in Example 1 were hand sprayed at 45 psi, 71.6° F., and 63 percent relative humidity, and air cured. Panels were tested after one week to provide sufficient cure. The tests performed and results are shown in Table 19.
[0086] Use of the present particles in the liquid coating system (Samples 31 and 32) imparted improved mar and scratch when compared with the Control (Sample 30).
[0087] Panels were coated and tested as described in Example 1, using the coatings set forth in Table 20. Particle load was 0.3% for Samples 34-36, and 0.1% for Sample 37. The panels were subjected to QUV exposure for 500, 1000 or 1500 hours according to ASTM D-4587. As illustrated in the table, the present compositions containing particles showed improved scratch resistance following QUV exposure as compared with the control lacking particles, and in many cases scratch resistance improved as the length of QUV exposure increased. The results in the table are given in % gloss retention using 20° gloss.
[0088] Samples 38-44 were prepared and tested as described in Example 5, using the components shown in Table 21. The use of heat-treated particles (Samples 42, 43 and 44) generally gave better results than their non-heat treated counterparts (Samples 39, 40 and 41, respectively), which still gave better performance overall than control Sample 38, which had no particles.
[0089] Whereas particular embodiments of this invention have been described above for purposes of illustration, it will be evident to those skilled in the art the numerous variations of the details of the present invention may be made without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.
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You know how in almost every scary movie there's that scene where the main character is staring into their medicine cabinet mirror, opens it to grab something, and then when they close it comes face to face with the reflection of some horrible evil creature staring back at them?!? Yeah, well, none of these mirrors today from 1stdibs' newest listings open on a hinge, so there won't be any chance of being surprised by the bogeyman. But consider this list a subtle homage to that oh-so-famous scene that still scares us every time we wash our faces at night.
1) 1930 French Mirror with Mosaic Detail
Round, bronze-colored, simple yet complex, this mirror is a great addition to either a traditional or a modern home.
Price: $3,800
Dealer: Cache
1920 Tortoise Shell Mirror
We just love the especially unique shape to this mirror. The outline that the frame produces against a wall of contrasting color would be rather spooky and startling, in our opinion.
Price: $2,500
Dealer: Mary Ann Jones
Mid-century modern starburst mirror
Ahh an iconic Mid-Century Modern design that would look great in a home similarly decked out. Though we love this design, we should give caution: should there be a bogeyman in the room, he might attempt to use the mirrors sharp starbursts on you, so get to it and him first.
Price: $2,884
Dealer: Carl Moore Antiques
Laurel Wreath Convex Mirror
What a lovely, detailed mirror. Delicate, intricate, beautiful. Who would want to get you while you're standing looking in this mirror? No one, that's who. Glance at your reflection with confidence in this one.
Price: contact dealer
Dealer: Florian Papp
5) A French Late Neoclassical Carved Giltwood Mirror
Simple, austere and elegant, this mirror with its neoclassical carved giltwood and gesso mirror is beautiful and unique, and would be just the thing to look at yourself in morning, noon or night.
Price: $2,750
Dealer: Robuck Company Antiques limited
Swank Lighting's new listings on 1stdibs
A Pair of Tufted Side Chairs from 1955
Extra comfy side chairs that are totally redone. They are a whisper soft Lavender color with button tufting and matching piping. They are extremely comfortable.
Two Edward Wormley for Dunbar Side Chairs
Here's a great opportunity to personalize these two side chairs by Dunbar. Solid frames but, as you can see, the upholstery is in sad shape. Each chair is marked with the gold Dunbar badge, as shown.
Hollywood Regency Side Table by Dorothy Draper
This is a hybrid, of sorts.
This has been totally refinished in black lacquer with hand painted gold detail.
Classic Edwin Cole for Stiffel Wood and Brass Table Lamps
The black Mahogany cubes are sandwiched between brass wafers and topped with a large brass smokestack. The brass is beautifully patinated adding a wonderful contrasting element to the dark wood.
Teal Blue Vintage Murano Table Lamps
These inverted teardrop lamps feature a broad shouldered silhouette in eye catching Teal Blue. The glass has subtle facets, as can be seen in the lead photo.
Don't forget to check out the rest of this week's listings from 1stdibs, where you can find more fabulous, one-of-a-kind, show-stopping pieces, as well as a number of other great items! Also: please visit our revamped Facebook page for more information about us and follow us on twitter (@swanklighting) to always be up-to-date on Swank Lighting happenings.

subset: commoncrawl


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Stephanie Hill: Live with a cause, help others
"Today is a beautiful day and I can't help myself from trying."
I reread the words once more. Huh. I turned back to the cover of the journal. I saw the scrawled lettered name, typical handwriting for a sixth-grade boy. I pictured the boy's face in my mind. Cute kid. Smallish, freckled face that often has the expression of orneriness on it. He smiles throughout class and listens most of the time, although there are the few occasions I have to call him down for talking. Upon correction, however, he smiles and returns to his given task.
It was somewhere between 5:30 and 7 pm. The school was quiet as I sat in my classroom grading journals. After coaching middle school runners through another cross-country practice, I had returned to school to work, while I waited for my daughter's high school soccer practice to end. I enjoyed the stillness the empty school afforded as I worked. Yet, words of a young boy had my mind abuzz.
My given directions asked students to describe a person who used their words to make a difference in the life of others. Before beginning to write, students viewed a brief YouTube clip titled, "It's a beautiful day and I can't see it." Touching and poignant, the video beautifully demonstrates the premise, Change your words, change your world.
As an English teacher and humanitarian, this is an especially important concept, I believe, to teach students. Therefore, I marveled at this young boy's twist on the clip's title as well as the rest of his hastily written sentences.
Technically, it was not good writing. Poor grammar, incorrect punctuation, and countless spelling errors were in abundance. However, I saw potential and quickly decided to overlook the errors as this piece of writing was considered a "rough draft." This fellow was spot-on in his message and in his heart as his words revealed the fact that his mom inspires him frequently to improve.
He spoke of the mistakes he sometimes makes, explaining that sometimes he can't help himself. "It's hard to always do the right thing, but Mom always tells me to 'keep trying.' " Additionally, the young man added that watching the video made him want to try harder, not only to make better choices, but to use his words like his mom, and encourage others to keeping trying. Simplistic? Yes. Idealistic? Perhaps. Honorable for a 12-year-old, or for that matter, any age? Absolutely!
How often in life has a beautiful, or even not-so-beautiful day, come to its close, and we have not once "looked." I have been guilty of this on numerous occasions. Days, weeks, months can become so jam-packed that we begin forgetting to take in our loved ones, our co-workers, our friends, much less noticing their faces, their eyes, and specifically their soul — that inner light within each person we encounter. When this eye avoidance begins to occur, it is my belief that we begin to disconnect from the real and into the misleading. Schedules, technology, especially "screened" technology can suddenly take priority over loving gazes, supportive problem solving and friendly conversation. This is when, I believe, we run the risk of reality-disconnect.
The short film on YouTube I shared with my students tells the story of a blind man begging for money with a simple sign that says, "I'm blind, please help." Presumably throughout the morning rush hour, viewers are shown numerous people passing this unseeing man while likewise "blind" to him. All of this changes when one woman pauses to look in and through the man's eyes. Then, she hurriedly scribbles something onto the man's sign that the viewers cannot see. Suddenly, the man becomes inundated with a rainfall of coins, filling his can. Upon the woman's evening walk home, the man asked her what she did. "I wrote the same, but different words," is her reply.
The message to me is three-fold. First, the woman was paying attention to her beautiful day. Secondly, she took time to notice another human being. Lastly, she chose to use her words, in real time, to make a difference.
My sixth-grade student is listening to his mom. This is because he and she are paying attention to their "beautiful day" and honoring the sight of one another —even for the mom if that means correcting her son; and, likewise for the son if that means owning his mistake.
Some might liken the point I am making to karma. However, I liken it to living as if we are each a "cause" within the world. When we face our days with eyes and souls wide open, receptive to one another, and offering gentle "different" words, instead of the "same"— same photo postings on Facebook, same check of agenda, same check of Internet, email, texts and so forth — then we are choosing to live our life as a cause, with an eye toward the betterment of others. When this occurs we begin to find, I believe, that our days become more beautiful, even on the most overcast of days of life.
May we all see the beautiful day and find ways, like my sixth-grader, to try.
Stephanie Hill is a freelance writer and a teacher at St. Joseph Catholic School in Huntington. She is also a lifelong resident of Lawrence County. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Archive Only - Fresh content at http://www.cntraveler.com
Home of the Preakness
Preakness Travel / Pimlico-Race-Course / → All Tags
The Preakness At Pimlico Is Not Quite As Decadent And Depraved
Where: Baltimore, MD, United States
May 18, 2007 at 10:37 AM | by markj | Comments (0)
It is time for the second leg of the triple crown, The Preakness at Pimlico.
While the Preakness may not be as star studded as the Kentucky Derby, it finds quirkier ways to garner the attention it so deserves--isn't that always the case with the middle child?
If you are heading to Baltimore's Inner Harbor for race weekend, look out for the following:
Back of the Envelope Travel Guide to the 2007 Preakness


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Service-Learning Opportunities
Project Engage Fellow
Professor Eder is creating a 200-level course on Knowledge and Community that will be the first service-learning course to be offered through the Hutton Honors College. This course is similar to one currently being offered as a 400-level seminar in sociology. Both courses focus on providing students with alternative models of learning from cultures from around the world, including "care ethics" and storytelling, and developing a sense of community. Students will learn about teaching through the oral tradition and how children can develop their own sense of community and ethics from these traditions and models of learning. In addition, students will have the opportunity to apply their coursework through developing and participating in storytelling clubs in elementary and after-school settings. For more information about either course, please visit mypage.iu.edu/~eder/ or the attached PDF.


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event calendar
academic calendar
personnel directory
Sustainable Agriculture
Majors & Minors
Course Descriptions
Student Snapshots
News and Events
The Sustainable Table
Farm & Food Project
Contact Us
Sustainable Agriculture
Majors & Minors
Sustainable Agriculture & Food Production
Program Director: Eleanor Tison, MA
Division of Environmental Studies & Management
Program Offered:
BA in Sustainable Agriculture & Food Production
Bachelor of Arts in Sustainable Agriculture & Food Production
Sustainable Agriculture & Food Production is not a discipline; rather, it is a culmination of disciplines that encompasses thousands of years, an enormous array of ecosystems, and arguably every contemporary culture on earth. Few areas of study are so well-suited to interdisciplinary inquiry and the integration of academic theory and hands-on praxis, and few liberal arts colleges offer a sustainable agriculture major backed by an on-campus farm and research facility; extensive library resources related to food and farming; a center dedicated to building regional food systems; a 12 credit/12 week summer farm intensive program; a teaching commercial kitchen; and ongoing agricultural study opportunities at Brunnenburg Castle in the Italian Alps. Furthermore, GMC's new masters program in Sustainable Food Systems is indicative of the college's commitment to and expertise in the interdisciplinary exploration of food and agriculture issues.
Students majoring in Sustainable Agriculture & Food Production examine food and agriculture systems through the lenses of history, anthropology, the natural sciences, philosophy, business, economics, and art while learning firsthand the challenges of food production in a dynamic marketplace, a world of increasingly constrained natural resources, and a complex policy arena. Work on the college's Cerridwen Farm, numerous site visits to regional farms, and engaging internships are critical components of this major. Students pursuing this degree pursue careers in farming, food advocacy, agricultural policy, farm-based education, animal welfare, and natural resource conservation, as well as graduate school in related areas.
Learning Outcomes for Sustainable Agriculture & Food Production Majors
The successful student will:
Understand how to examine "sustainable agriculture" and "sustainable food production" along a historical continuum and within multiple cultural contexts
Demonstrate a sophisticated understanding of the ecological principles and systems upon which "best practices" in sustainable agriculture and sustainable food production are created and utilized
Articulate how farm businesses are established, managed, and marketed in today's dynamic economic and social contexts
Develop skills both in specific farm/food enterprises and in the management of diversified farm operations, utilizing the college farm and regional farmers and food system professionals as critical components of their education
View course requirements for a BA in Sustainable Agriculture
© 2015 Green Mountain College | One Brennan Circle | Poultney, Vermont 05764 | 800-776-6675 |
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text:
20pt headline in here please
Posted: September 07, 2012|
COUNCIL chiefs have approved plans for a 17-acre solar farm at Tredinnick Fields, Luxulyan – despite evidence suggesting the site could host historical artefacts.
A report undertaken by AC Archaeology determined that the land was of overall "medium significance" for archaeological potential, which was not enough to halt the plans.
And residents fear that one of two further proposals in the area could be given the green light in the aftermath of the decision.
A proposed solar site at Bodiggo comprises 21.4 hectares (53 acres), covering six agricultural fields over an area equivalent to 26 football pitches.
In addition, an expanded version of the Bodiggo scheme at Tregarrick Farm is at the pre-application stage, which brings the proposed solar farm into closer proximity with the hamlets of Bodiggo and Cross, expanding the size of the site to 27.9 hectares (68 acres).
Commenting on Cornwall Council's planning website, local resident Roger Smith was stunned by the solar proposals.
He said: "The first plan, itself massive in scale, though not brought to the attention of locals or their elected representatives, was received with shock and opposition by residents and surprise by the parish council."
The boundaries of the second application creep onto land ascribed to the manor of Bodiggo in the Domesday Book.
"Localism clearly implies that the views of local people, and their wishes to protect their quality of life, should prevail when threats like this appear; let us hope that this scheme is withdrawn," added Mr Smith.
In their formative stages, the solar farm proposals already face more than 100 constraints, primarily due to its location being situated on renowned flood plains.


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Top 10 worst Bible passages
A list of the top 10 worst Biblical verse has been drawn up, which includes approval for sexism, genocide and slavery. Continue reading
A list of the top 10 worst Biblical verse has been drawn up, which includes approval for sexism, genocide and slavery. Continue reading
HOw many times have you seen videos where muslim woman or a man saying islam is false religion ,islam treats women in bad way ? Continue reading
Many Christians are often fond of accusing Muslims of committing several honor killings in the name of Islam; they then use this line of argument as a reason to discredit Islam in their eyes. In this article we shall once again turn the table on the Christian showing that honor killings can be found in the Bible, and that the Bible is for honor killings! Hence by their own criteria, Christians will have to abandon their own book.
Let us now see the honor killings in the Bible:
Lev 21:9 And the daughter of any priest, if she profane herself by playing the whore, she profaneth her father: she shall be burnt with fire.
So note, if the priests daughter commits a bad sexual act, she is to be burned because of her fathers reputation, because it is against his honor. What will Christian say now? This is one example of honor killing in the Bible, in fact the act is ordered by the Bible itself.
"And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death. (Exodus 21:17)"
"For every one that curseth his father or his mother shall be surely put to death: he hath cursed his father or his mother; his blood shall be upon him. (Leviticus 20:9)"
So here the children are put to death for insulting their parents,
this is another example of honor killings,
the children are put to death for dis-honoring their very own parents and the punishment is death.
So we have seen 3 examples of honor killings in the Bible, so since Christians always have a problem with honor killings and say Islam is wrong because of some Muslims who commit this act, then the Bible is also wrong for allowing honor killings which also makes their own God wrong, and if God is wrong then he cant God because God is always correct. Either way the Christian is in a bad dilemma.
300 Changes In The NIV & Other Modern Bible Versions
Copyright © By Dr. Adel Elsaie, Book Title: "History of Truth, The Truth about God and Religions"
Verses deleted from bible :: Proof Bible Edited by Human
Dr. Adel Elsaie
I was reading the Holy Bible, Easy-To-Read Version – Matthew 18:10-14. I found that the number of verse 11 existed with no text! The footnote for this verse states that some Greek copies add verse 11: "The Son of Man came to save lost people." I could not believe it. Some Greek copies add a verse and some don't. So the Easy-To-Read Version decided against including this verse. Why? Isn't the Bible the "inspired Word" of God that no verse should be added, removed, or changed?
I started investigating this problem by looking at footnotes! I was shocked that this is a common problem in the Word of God. Many of the following verses also do not exist in American Standard Version, Revised Standard Version, and New Revised Standard. These verses exist mainly in King James Version. The Text that is added or deleted is italicized.
Check http://bible.crosswalk.com/
Check http://www.biblegateway.com/cgi-bin/bible
The serious question about the above deleted verses is: Who added them in the beginning? And why? There are big sections that added in Mark 16:9-20 and John 7:53 to 8:11. These are clear evidence that the Church has tampered with the New Testament. Are the above verses "inspired corrections," "inspired additions," or "inspired deletions."? You decide!


text: Esther Short — Every year, the St. John Council of the Knights of Columbus — based at St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church on Northeast 119th Street — sends Santa Claus to donate toys and spread cheer to the children of Open House Ministries, a downtown homeless shelter and service provider. This year, Knights Jerry André and Harry Chaffy decided to do "Christmas in January." On Jan. 22, they arrived with "boxes of new warm coats for every child in the house," said OHM's Lucy Gaspar. "It has been so cold outside, and these coats were just what was needed. These men do many other things for our shelter like donate milk, take all of our kids to the movies … and much much more."


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14 Ways to Win Over Your In-Laws
By: Hugh O'Neill
- Overview
- Be an Anthropologist
- Never Say "Estate Planning"
- Decide to Be Devoted
- Laugh at Their Jokes
- Subdue the Yelling
- Inquire About Their People
- Take Their Names
- Go to Med School
- Remember Your Gender
- Be Their Defense Attorney
- Remember Your Spine
- Tell Your Story
- Don't Let Them See You Lying Down
- The Greats Don't Lose Focus
More Sex Lists
Tell Your Story
Make sure they know something about your family, too. After all, you have your own legends and myths and superstitions. The long-term goal is to cull the most enriching parts of each legend and move ahead with a hybrid tale. As the theologian Martin Buber once said, "You shall not withhold yourself." This applies, by the way, to all of your relationships.
Sign up for our FREE Daily Dose newsletter for the best fitness, health, sex, and nutrition tips delivered to your inbox daily.


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This sweet ANIMALS AND RAINBOWS THEMED SECOND BIRTHDAY PARTY was submitted by Novida Roymondy of The Tru Happiness. This is such a darling party! I love the pastel color palette used...SEE MORE
Tag Archives: animal party
This impressive MODERN ANIMAL SAFARI THEMED BIRTHDAY PARTY was submitted by Vandana Khemka of Craftstruck. What a fantastic party! I love the bright pink, orange, and white color sch...SEE MORE
This darling GIRLY MONKEY THEMED THIRD BIRTHDAY PARTY was submitted by Holly Lasha of Mimi's Dollhouse. What a cute party! I absolutely love all of the cute monkey dessert ideas, s...SEE MORE
This darling FARM THEMED SECOND BIRTHDAY PARTY was submitted by Amy Nation. What an adorable party! I love all of the darling activity signs, they are so creative! I also love the cut...SEE MORE
This enchanting WOODLAND ANIMAL EIGHTH BIRTHDAY PARTY was submitted by Susanne of Susanne Ashby Photography. A few highlights to look for in this woodland party are: The treat con...SEE MORE
This adorable FARM THEMED BIRTHDAY PARTY was submitted by Carol who lives in Brazil. This party is full of so many great ideas for a farm or barnyard party! A few of the ones I like bes...SEE MORE
This charming GIRLY SAFARI THEMED FIFTH BIRTHDAY PARTY was submitted by Kathy Peña of Kathy Peña Photography. I love the soft colors and feminine vintage vibe of this safari animal th...SEE MORE
This splendid PINK PONY THEMED SECOND BIRTHDAY PARTY was submitted by Lauren of Lauren Haddox Design. Some of my favorite ideas in this pink pony party are: The beautiful writing on the...SEE MORE
This delightful SAFARI JUNGLE THEMED BIRTHDAY PARTY was submitted and styled by Natalia of Lacos and Acucar. This safari party has so many intricate details and fabulous ideas! This the...SEE MORE
This cute LITTLE FARM SECOND BIRTHDAY PARTY was submitted by Susan Macieira from Brazil! All the little barnyard themed treats are so darling! Susan said this about planning the party...SEE MORE
This exquisit SAFARI + ZOO THEMED THIRD BIRTHDAY PARTY was submitted by Cassia Schutt of Meemo Party Accessories! Cassia said- "This party was designed by Meemo, my party accessories bus...SEE MORE
This super cute SNAKE + REPTILE THEMED 7TH BIRTHDAY PARTY was submitted by Corinne Soares of The Sugar Therapist. What an awesome party for a 7 year old boy! I'm sure all the little guest...SEE MORE
Such a darling WILD KINGDOM 5TH BIRTHDAY PARTY submitted by Katelyn Meekel of Events by Kate! I love how Kate dressed up the party by wrapping jute/twine around various party things! Ka...SEE MORE
I am dying over this LUXE CIRCUS SIP AND SEE BABY SHOWER submitted by Maddy Hague of Somewhere Splendid! Everything is just divine. This party must have been a wonderful event to attend.....SEE MORE
This PUPPY DOG BIRTHDAY PARTY submitted by Alessandra Rosa of Rose Ale Party Planners will melt your heart. I love the turquoise, yellow, green and brown color scheme. The doggie bags,...SEE MORE


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I'll be interviewing them again this year, but they answer questions from the chat channel so you can talk to them yourselves if you like. 100% of the donations through ChipIn go to Child's Play and they accept any amount. Every little bit helps. Their first goal to play past level 20 is $800, but they're only at $310 as of this writing.
If you like the idea of watching people grind, level and take requests from viewers -- and I know you do -- head on over and hang out with them. They'd love to have you and the sick children they are helping will appreciate it too.


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Niall McGinn hit a double for the Dons at rain-swept Pittodrie and the Irishman was denied further goals by goalkeeper Alan Mannus.
Brown said: "The conditions were poor for both sides and they coped admirably. Considering the conditions it wasn't a bad game.
"I ran out of counting how many saves the keeper had. We had a lot of good chances today. The only worrying thing is we had so many chances and we didn't get more goals.
"Niall McGinn side-footed it and turned away to celebrate the goal. All of a sudden he found that it was a save.
"I think we should've scored more. I'm pleased for the fans, pleased for the team. Without question we were the better team."


text: If you look at the page on the Medalist lens that I linked above, that lens is also a Heliar type (5 elements/3 groups--2-1-2) lens. Heliars usually produce fairly smooth out of focus areas, but the sharp portion of the image seems to pop out of the background when it's done right. The strength of the effect depends on the focal length, subject distance, and aperture. I find that I prefer Heliars in the range that is a little longer than the normal focal length for the format, usually around f:8 at portrait distances.


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Track One - Prevent
Session I, 0900 - 1130, 14 August
Room 343/344
Title: Training, Leader Development & Education
Moderator: Mr. Robert Roemer, Concepts and Doctrine Developer, Proponency, Army Cyber Command/2d Army
Panel: CW5 Deshawn L. Bell, Signal CoE, 442d Signal Battalion; Mr. Bill Waddell, U.S. Army War College - Cyberspace Operations Group & Director, Command, Control and Cyberspace Group Center for Strategic Leadership, U.S. Army War College; SSG Matthew Folsom, Military Intelligence Center of Excellence
Description: Discussion topics include current institutional training activities, cyberspace education, and digital awareness training opportunities in support of self-development.
Session II, 1400 - 1515, 15 August
Room 339-342
Title: Tactical and Operational Cyberspace Modernization: the Cyber/Electromagnetic (C/EM) Element
Speaker: Mr. Patrick Manners, Chief of Capabilities Development, Proponency, Army Cyber Command/2d Army
Panel: BG George J. Franz, III, USA, Director, Current Operations, J-33, U.S. Cyber Command, Mr. Jeffrey Witsken, Chief of Network Integration, Mission Command Center of Excellence, Mr. Malcolm Martin, CAC Support Element, Army Cyber Command/2d Army
Session III, 0930 - 1045, 16 August
Room 337/338
Title: Incorporating Cyberspace Operations in Training/Exercises
Speaker: Mr. Mark Horoho, Chief of Training, Readiness & Exercises, G-5/7, Army Cyber Command/2d Army
Description: Discussion topics for this session include incorporating cyber training objectives and tasks in support of the Army's effort to revitalize home station training, cyberspace as part of the operational environment, training support systems to enable training and exercises in cyberspace, lessons learned from recent participation in the Combat Training Center program to include a warfighter exercise as well as cyberspace education and digital awareness training opportunities.
Hash Tag: #AFCEA
Plenary and Track Sessions are recorded daily and uploaded to the web for future viewing. DoD Personnel can access the Conference Recordings at the following AKO Website:
Please note: AFCEA prohibits the use of conference speaker, panel and track videos for any commercial purpose without the express consent of AFCEA and the speaker.


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2015's Most Watched
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- Trail Cameras For Turkey Scouting
Show Playlists
Click on a playlist below to see all the videos on that topic.


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At the start of the school year, Jefferson Elementary School implemented a school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports program, which is often abbreviated as PBS or PBIS. The cornerstone of this program is to make a conscious effort to shift from a reactive and aversive approach to managing problem behavior to one that is preventive and positive.
Improving student achievement and behavior outcomes is about ensuring all students have access to the most effective and accurately implemented instructional and behavioral practices and interventions possible. PBS provides an operational framework for achieving these outcomes. PBS is not a curriculum, intervention or practice, rather it is a decision making framework that guides selection, integration, and implementation of the best evidence-based academic and behavioral practices for improving important academic and behavior outcomes for all students.
All staff members at Jefferson who observe children following the behavior expectations can issue students a rewards slip. Students can earn the reward slips in all areas of the school and from all staff members. Each quarter a goal is set for the number of behavior awards that will be given to the students. The first three quarters of the school year, the staff's goal was 5000 awards. Bill Klein, Jefferson principal, was pleased to announce that Jefferson Elementary School recently celebrated reaching its quarterly goal of 5000 student behavior awards. What makes this achievement more remarkable is that the students reached the goal half way through the quarter.
The school's PBS committee will meet to determine what goal will be set for fourth quarter. Early indications are that it will be higher than 5000.
March 5, 2010


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Many schools tell kids to leave their cellphones, iPods and other gadgets at home or at least stowed in backpacks for the day — to varying degrees of success.
This school year, West Hills STEM Academy will try a new approach: go ahead and bring them.
The school will pilot a new policy allowing kids to bring their technology, joining a growing number of school districts that are allowing or encouraging kids to bring their devices to school with so-called "bring your own" device or technology policies.
West Hills Principal Lisa Heaman said that teachers can choose how kids can use their devices in their classrooms — whether that means leaving them in backpacks or using them during lessons — and they'll be allowed to use them in the hallway and on playgrounds.


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Joseph G. Kronenwetter, 92, of 617 Sunset Rd., St. Marys, died on Thursday, Jan. 26, 2012 at Pinecrest Manor following an illness of the past six months.
He was born Jan. 18, 1920 in St. Marys, son of the late George E. and Kathryn Grant Kronenwetter.
He was a lifelong resident of the area and was a graduate of St. Marys Area High School, Class of 1940. He also took businesses courses at Penn State. He was a retired employee of Stackpole Carbon Co., retiring in 1983 with over 40 years of service.


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August 08, 2015
- I Gave My Sole for Parkinson's Walk-a-thon - KALAMAZOO
August 09, 2015
- Debunking Myths About Parkinson's with Dr. Eric Ahlskog
August 13, 2015
|The Michigan Parkinson Initiative (MPI)
Since 2000, MPF has been a partner in a collaborative effort with the neurology departments at Michigan State University, the University of Michigan, Wayne State University, Henry Ford Health System, St. John Health System, and William Beaumont Hospital to create the Michigan Parkinson Initiative. In 2000, a grant was obtained from the state of Michigan through the Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) to conduct clinical and educational programs throughout the state. Grants have been provided by MDCH for the fiscal as further seed money to continue this valuable project.
These programs consist of multidisciplinary second opinion clinics, community educational forums, physician and other health professional education programs.
This unique set of both clinical and educational programs taken to local communities throughout the state is the first of its kind in the nation. The model we have developed is being viewed as one that can be extrapolated to other conditions.
Multidisciplinary Second Opinion Clinics - Each spring/summer, two clinics are held in different parts of Michigan. This consists of a 3-hour appointment where an individual (and family) is seen by a movement disorder specialist, speech and language pathologist, physical and occupational therapists and a nurse. A report is sent to the referring physician and the patient. Treatment is not provided. Applications must be completed by the individual's physician. Criteria for acceptance in the clinic includes: individuals who are having difficulty obtaining a diagnosis, difficulty managing symptoms, problems with side effects, the need for an assessment for rehabilitation and mental health concerns. Call the MPF office for further information or click here.
Open Forums - Along with the Multidisciplinary Second Opinion Clinic, community education programs are held to educate the general community about the latest in understanding of Parkinson's disease. Frequently these programs are televised to other locations across the state of Michigan.
Symposium - Every other year, a one-day educational program is presented, geared to both health professionals and people affected by Parkinson's disease. Continuing medical education units are provided for attendance. Click here to contact the Michigan Parkinson Foundation.
Click here to view the Partners in the Michigan Parkinson Initiative.


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KAMX Kid's Sport Socks Foot Protection THOR•LON®
Kids mini-crew | white/navy
Why Thorlos?
What Independent Clinical Studies Say About Thorlos
Your Feet will Feel Better
or Your Money Back®
Designed for feet that hurt. Enjoying sports on the court or the field where aggressive activities cause moderate to significant stress on young feet. Specifically engineered for comfort and durability and to provide maximum protection for any child prone to blisters, foot pain, or discomfort.
- Constructed with THOR•LON® fibers for superior softness, resilience, durability, and moisture-wicking for drier, better feeling feet.
- Cushioning over the toes for addition protection during fast starts and stops.
- Flat knit instep and cushioning in arch for better fit, more support and less pressure on the feet for more comfort.
- Low profile toe seam won't rub or irritate the feet.
- Unique padding specifically engineered for active sports, clinically shown to reduce blisters, pain, pressures and moisture for maximum protection.
Fiber Contents | 84% Exclusive THOR•LON® Acrylic | 12% Stretch nylon | 4% Spandex
Reviews for Thorlos KAMX
Customer Reviews
kids crew socks
04/01/15 | By Bambi C.
My son, only 3 years old, loves wearing these wonderful socks. He prefers thorlos over other brands of socks. I love that these socks don't strangle my sons ankles, they are luxurious and well thought out.
I love Thorlos!
01/17/15 | By Norma B.
Even though I am a 59 year old woman, I still have childlike feet. (My shoe size is a children's size 2.) I have struggled to find socks that fit my feet, as sock manufacturers seem to want to make socks fit a lot of sizes when they are dealing with children's shoe sizes. This is understandable since children's feet seem to grow quickly, and what fit two months ago, might be kind of snug today. Size 2 seems to be in the wrong place for comfort. Either the socks are too large and bulk up in my shoes, or they are very tight, causing pain in the tips of my toes. Occasionally I could find socks that fit comfortably, but they seemed to be short-lived and disappeared from the market very quickly. Now, however, I have found Thorlo. I am very happy with these socks and other types I have purchased from Thorlo, as they fit comforably, PLUS they provide padding under my soles, making each step a thoughtless activity, since there is no discomfort or pain involved! Yay, Thorlo! Please don't change the sizing of your kid's socks—at least until after I die! :^)—as they are great for me just the way they are!
Holes in socks
08/20/14 | By Elizabeth J.
I was recently informed by a thorlos customer service person that you have to, have to being key wear shoes for their warranty to be honored. We purchased 12 pairs for my son a couple months ago and probably half the pairs have holes in them. I called after we spotted the first hole. And after they told me he had to wear shoes, which he's not allowed to in the house so our carpet stays neat, they would replace one pair. Then I got the lecture on they weren't covered. I was also asked if I purchased the right size of sock to make sure his foot fit in properly, which I did. I will not be buying anymore socks because of the amount of money that we spent a couple months ago went down the drain for socks that didn't last him long.
Small feet need socks
12/27/13 | By John B.
Bought these socks for my wife who wears a size 2 shoe. She has had others before and loves them. She wishes, though, that they would come all white as the blue doesn't always go well with some of her outfits when she occasionally will wear socks with her sandals.
best socks for walking
06/14/13 | By Katherine J.
These socks are a wonderful alternative for women who have small feet. None of the adult sizes currently on the market fit properly; they're too big! Try them, you'll love them too. Kathi
best socks for walking
06/14/13 | By Katherine J.
These socks are a wonderful alternative for women who have small feet. None of the adult sizes currently on the market fit properly; they're too big! Try them, you'll love them too. Kathi
My Son loved these socks!
05/28/13 | By Tammy B.
I ordered these socks for my son (11) and he loves them! Very soft and comfy. He wants another pair so he can wear them every day.
great for playing tennis
04/11/13 | By Ramon B.
My 11 year old boy play tennis and He said he can not feel them the socks are great
Best exercise socks
01/03/13 | By Andrea W.
A lot of cushion, washes well, wicks moisture beautifully and fits great. My only wish is that they offered different styles such as the ankle roll and different colors for boys and girls.
Best socks for small adult feet!
Regular socks bunch up on my adult women's size 5 feet. These socks fit perfectly and are very comfortable. Plenty of cushioning.
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For those who are interested in golf, getting fit, or getting fit for golf, you have come to the right place!
We look forward to offering you the latest information on golf swing mechanics, body biomechanics, fitness and training!
You can have a personal one-on-one online golf lesson or fitness training session, Right Here!


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Cooking and Baking
Red potato latkes?
SO and I are having friends over for a Chanukah celebration Sunday and we have several large bags of red potatoes left from a farm pickin' trip back in October. I've always used russets for latkes, but can reds be used? I'm always up for trying something new, but I'm afraid the lower starch content will mean they will fall apart and/or not crisp up. Is there a way to compensate or should I just go out and buy a bag of russets?
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
Check out this post for a more thorough explanation, and jump onto our Facebook page or our Twitter feed to keep the conversations going!


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Celebrity Buzz
Your daily dose of hot news & gossip.
Posts filtered on Tag
Chuck D. says Frank Ocean is not a rapper, he's R&B
Former Public Enemy rapper Chuck D. says Frank Ocean is not a hip-hop artist. Ocean recently admitted his first love was a man. [Read More]
Ice-T's directorial debut, 'Art of Rap' hits theaters today
Ice-T's "Something From Nothing: The Art of Rap" opens today and can be seen at a few theaters in town. The legendary emcee directed the nearly two hour long flick that explores how rap made it from the bottom of the street to the top of the charts. The documentary features some heavy players in […] [Read More]


text: A Classic Favorite. Now in Raised Ink. Features 50 large cards, 50 medium cards, and 50 enclosures with 150 matching envelopes. 7"x 4.8"; 6.2" x 4.5"; enclosure, 3.5" x 2". All cards are a heavy white stock. Large cards feature up to 5 initials (all capital letters in the same size type); medium cards and enclosures feature a full name. Your choice of typestyle and ink color. Positioning only as shown.


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Stream it now
Epic Movie 2007
A comedic satire of films that are large in scope, reputation and popularity...
- Release Date:
- January 25, 2007, UTC
- Duration:
- 86 min
- Directors:
- Jason Friedberg, Aaron Seltzer
- Cast:
- Kal Penn, David Carradine, Mary Castro, Fred Willard, Jennifer Coolidge, Qiana Chase, Kevin McDonald, Tad Hilgenbrink, Gregory Jbara, Jon Simanton, Tony Cox, Kevin Thompson, Vince Vieluf, Joe Gieb, Kevin Hart, Katt Williams, Heather Storm, Yousef Abu-Taleb, Lindsey Kraft, Darrell Hammond, Jill Latiano, Chris Kerner, Scott L. Schwartz, Ricardo Gil, Mark Povinelli, Dane Farwell, Crista Flanagan, Monica Ford, Anwar Burton, Pancho Moler, Jim Piddock, Jayma Mays, Sara Jean Underwood, Taran Killam, Roscoe Lee Browne, Héctor Jiménez, Britten Kelley, Arturo Gil, Tyce Diorio, Mighty Mike Murga, Crispin Glover, Joseph S. Griffo, Dana Seltzer, Carmen Electra, Michael Lee Gogin, Faune Chambers Watkins, Philip Albuquerque, Oren Michaeli, Irina Voronina, Sabi Dorr, Jareb Dauplaise, Phillip Sanchez, Arielle Vandenberg, Olivia Hardt, Samantha Faye Lee, George Alvarez, Kahshanna Evans, Rico Rodriguez, Danny Jacobs, David Lehre, James Walker Sr., Tysen Knight, Alla Petrou, Abe Spigner, Shawn McDonald, Lauren Conrad, Nick Steele, Brennan Thomas, David J. Catching, Jesse Hughes, Brian O'Connor, Gene Trautmann, Kenny Yates, D.J. Dierker, Jeremy Rowley, Jillian Grace, Masha Lund, Pollyanna Uruena, Zee James, Ginny Jones, Audra Lynn, Darko Belgrade, Brooklyn Freed, Michelle Lang, David Whatley Zepeda, Mike Grief, Ron Léroy, Thomas Van Tassel, Lichelle D. Ebner, Paul Zies, Ronald Lee Clark, David Steinberg, John Tamaki, Richard Steelo Vasquez, Megan Hiratzka, Jaime Burgos III, Frankie DeMiranda, Chadd Smith, Dave Gist, Vilayna LaSalle, Nathan Mutter, Adam Campbell, Matt Weinglass ...
- Country:
- Language:
- English
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Tremors -- 8.5
The Collector -- 6.5
Claire's Knee -- 9
Nashville -- 8.5
Epic Movie -- 3.5
Why do people insist on making these peice of shit movies. The spoof genre has gone down the hole now with terrible spoof films after another. From the guys who brought us the awful Date movie, Epic movie is basically the same film just spoofing different films. I wish the four other writers of scary movie would have come and help them out write a better and funnier movie. I will say though that i found my self laughing more then i thought i would have. Even though i felt stupid for laughing. This will knock you IQ down a couple of notches so turn off your brains while watching it.
Epic Movie though being completly the same as Date Movie with the media spoofs along side the movies, this time it actually had some funny moments and had characters you could laugh at. I dont think if it wasnt for the shit for brains character they made played by Jayma Mays, this would have been funny at all. She makes the film as good as it could posibly get with the material its given.
The one thing that bugged me in this film is that i understand its supposed to be a spoof and not to be taken to seriously but when you start being cheep with the props and stuff then thats just bad. There were a couple times in this that they didnt even try to make it seem realistic. They would literally show you the manican they were using during the scene and i dont know if they did that intensionally, but it wasnt funny. There is a scene involving fred willard fighting the albino guy from the Da vinci code and they clearly didnt care about the fact that you could tell it was thiner and smaller asien guy fighting. I dont know if that was part of the joke but it wasnt funny. Epic movie doesn't fail like Date movie did but this is with out a doubt a hit and miss comedy. Missing more then anything. You can certanly tell its the beginning of the year again.
Obviously made for comic purposes, 'Epic Movie' is anything but epic. Though it does offer more than a few good laughs, that's about all it does. Yes, I know it's not supposed to have a real plot or great special effects, but it still seemed like a rip-off of the "Scary Movie" series. Albeit it is far better than the infamous "Date Movie", it is far worse than "Scary Movie 4", which was about as good as those movies can get. Maybe the other 4 writers of "Scary Movie" should come back... 4/10
it was good for 2 or 3 small laughs
Poor, poor Crispin. I forgive you, people get desperate sometimes.
Epic Movie Review
Rating: 1.2/10
Rated: PG-13
Starring: Kal Penn, Adam Cambell, Jayma Mays, Crispin Glover, and Jennifer Coolidge
Genre: Comedy/Spoof
My Grade: D-
From the people who brought us the horrendous "Date Movie" comes another crapfest that teenagers from all-around will flock too... just to be grossed out and not even chuckle! "Epic Movie" is just as bad as "Date Movie"... why, I thought it would be funnier I don't know. It just bugs me how so many people will go see this film, but totally ignore jems like "The Fountain" and "Pan's Labyrinth"! This is shit at its worst... and there is nothing funny to be said after walking out of the theatre in shock that you had seen such a horrible film. Like "Date Movie" it starts out with some laughs and begins with alot of energy... than it loses every ounce of hilarity that it had and runs out of anything funny or exciting to say. This is a film that should be strictly "Direct-To-DVD"...
^ Why did I go see this? AH! Cleanse me of my sins!
As most of you already know, when you're in high school, you go to parties. At parties, you go see movies. And, as I explained before, most high schoolers have horrible taste in movies. Which brought me to the painfully awful Epic Movie. It is a mish-mah of references we've all heard a million times before, gangsta rap references that seem much-too over the top, making fun of homosexuals, and all sorts of different races, and basically bastardizing the films it makes fun of. I can't say there was I point I wasn't faking laughing, except maybe their impression of Punk'd. But it hurts to not have seen all the best of 2006 and be going to a movie like this. I don't think anyone was really using their brain at all, save me asking myself, "why am I here seeing this peice of crap?" No story, and bad jokes to replace any trace of storyline with, the worst is yet to come. This has happened to me before, but if you've never been the only one to not like a movie (and I mean the ONLY one), you know how I felt. If that wasn't just the worst, I nmever heard the end of those plagiarized lines ALL NIGHT. And I mean ALL NIGHT. I'm rewarding myself tommorow by seeing a movie I'm sure will be much better, The Fountain. Basically, it gets a one for making me laugh. ONCE.