text:
When I gave my first public speech about broadband planning process last July, I criticized the quality of analysis in the public comments we had received. Many comments were either uninformative or business-as-usual responses, and few offered concrete or creative ideas as to how to address the issues that caused Congress to ask for a plan.
As I reflect on the last six months, with the plan deadline less than a week away, I have to change my tune. The public record since July is voluminous, with nearly 25,000 filings. They included many documents that shaped our thinking and lead to core recommendations in the plan. For example, Dr. Gerry Faulhaber, a professor at the Wharton School of Business, filed comments noting the importance of transparency for consumers in broadband speeds and service which provide the underpinning for our recommendations on that topic.
There are other filings I could note but perhaps the most interesting set of filings—or at least the most unexpected from my point of view—were those focused on the importance of personal data in regards to innovation and privacy. The role of personal data in the online world is not a "new" idea, but its importance to broadband became increasingly apparent through public comments and events beyond the Commission. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) held a series of roundtables, the last of which concludes March 17, focused on the balance between innovative use of personal data and privacy. Congress has spearheaded similar efforts at legislation, led by Rep. Boucher, with several pieces of legislation in the works. Just last week The Economist ran a front page article on the accumulation of information and data online, while over the last twelve months major online companies such as Google and Facebook have focused on enhancing privacy initiatives for consumers.
Many of the most innovative applications on the Internet are based on consumers sharing personal data. The data that businesses collect have allowed them to provide increasingly valuable services to end-users, as they are a source of significant value. Web searching, location-based services and many of the "apps" that consumers use on their smartphones make use of personal data in return for services and goods, which are often free. Targeted advertising uses better data to deliver more focused and relevant information to consumers, who in turn are up to six times as likely to click or act on the proffered offer.
There is a great potential for innovation but it is critical to get the privacy issue right. At a basic level, privacy online and offline are similar – consumers want a right to the privacy of their data and the proper use of their information if voluntarily shared. They expect that companies and organizations will collect, analyze, share and safeguard their data properly. However, the online world brings additional complexity. For one, data are collected in manners that consumers often fail to understand. Browsing, searching and interacting online can result in the surreptitious collection of data -- for instance with the "cookies" that remember a user (and her information) -- in ways that are not fully transparent or known to consumers. The information being shared and the terms of its use are complex, and while better disclosure standards that are easy to read and simple to understand can help, additional actions are needed. 20th century notions of privacy protection break down once information is put into digital format. Unlike the offline world of paper and photocopiers, sharing of digital information is as easy as a click.
In addition, digital personal data are not just limited to traditional commercial information – health records, energy consumption, educational figures and governmental data are all critical pieces of an individual's digital profile. As more applications utilize the Internet and more devices connect to the Internet, this information is exploding. Safeguarding this information and giving consumers control and choice are critical outcomes to ensure that any personal information shared benefits consumers and drives innovation.
The plan itself contains several recommendations for personal data in regards to innovation and privacy. It encourages Congress, the FTC and the FCC to work together to clarify the relationship between users and their online personal data profiles. It highlights the potential for Congress to help spur the development of private-sector companies that could aid consumers in better managing their own personal data. In addition, we think one of the most important agenda items for the country is to consider how the Privacy Act should be reformed. While the Act has done a tremendous job for consumer welfare since its enactment in 1974, the 21st century realities of personal data require an update.
These recommendations, taken together, can assure that consumers have control over their personal data and confidence in the security of that data, helping to increase innovation and promote a robust and healthy broadband ecosystem.
On Personal Data, Innovation and Privacy…March 11th, 2010 by Blair Levin - Executive Director, Omnibus Broadband Initiative
When I gave my first public speech about broadband planning process last July, I criticized the quality of analysis in the public comments we had received. Many comments were either uninformative or business-as-usual responses, and few offered concrete or creative ideas as to how to address the issues that caused Congress to ask for a plan.
5 Responses to "On Personal Data, Innovation and Privacy…"
Why are the FCC servers/website so slooooooooooooow? In some cases, pages fail to appear at all, unless one tries multiple times. Just typical for government work?
It seems to me, the more the FCC injects itself into trying to "fix" the Internet, the better the chance the behind-by-a-generation computer system at the FAA will look like State of the Art!
What I do is enter an address nearby. If they are seeking generalized speed data for an area this should be sufficient. If there is some other reason to need the exact address.........well I am not interested in that. In fact I use this same method when any site which I do not expect or desire to contact me back asks for this personal information. Thats just my program and I don't care what the He@@ the powers that be think of it.
what the H*LL is a "broadband ecosystem". This is doublespeak.
I have been following this issue for many years now. One of the things that strikes me is as mentioned, the use of data collection. Data collection can mean many things to many people. From remembering what settings you had visiting a "good" web site, to "nefarious" web sites that take your data or infect your PC. For real, advertising, or especially the use of banking, even credit card use, agreements have been noted by myself of companies, that in order to use their services and whatnot, to have someone agree that they give up the right to their data into perpetuity. That cannot be allowed in my opinion. It strikes me as data theft as in: "If you want to deal with us, you give up your rights that the Constitution guarantees". However, since it is an agreement; a contract, not much can be done if someone agrees.
Education of Internet use is definitely needed for all, which I try to do with customers I deal with. What to do, and what not to do, and the consequences involved. What many people assume now from the old days years ago, is that someone is protecting them from unauthorized use. The lay people do not understand it, you have to spell it out as most feel, especially younger people, that the State is there to do this for them. Not necessarily true. People need to educate themselves of the pitfalls, as well as the pluses, of using the Internet. When there is say, a pop up from some so called advertising, or plugin needed, it falls to the user, not the government, or someone else, to decide what to do. These types of things commonly involve spyware, viruses, etc.
As a computer tech, most of the work I do is involved in removing the spyware and viruses from their PCs after they "click" on something. Unfortunately, this costs money and time to not only the consumer, but the businesses involved. If some business decides that they wish to, or not to do things of this nature, then they take the future of that business in their own hands, and they may fail or prosper. The same goes for consumers.
In closing, not much has changed over the years, it's just the people are using a different medium. Unless attitudes and morals change, how can we say we are more advanced than anyone, or anything else? As far as Internet for all, a system of towers and landlines across the country (countries even if you want to talk the world) integrated and yet with an educated public, government, and business environment is sorely needed. Security monitoring is definitely needed considering today's climate, without interfering with protections we have, or eroding the ones we haven't lost yet already due to today's climate. Thanks for listening, and if any of this makes sense, the better.
I navigated to your page when I heard about the broadband test you were hosting. In my opinion, you need to rethink your approach somewhat. Upon being confronted with a request for my address, my immediate reaction was "None of your damn business", which is what I entered in the first line. However, on further thought, I realize that it may be your intent to gather performance data across the country, which I think is a valid effort.
So I have several suggestions:
1. Explain the intent of the request
2. Give the citizen a right to opt out of providing address information and proceed with the test anyway.
You speak about learning of citizen's concerns. "There are other filings I could note but perhaps the most interesting set of filings—or at least the most unexpected from my point of view—were those focused on the importance of personal data in regards to innovation and privacy. " Apparently, you chose not to internalize that lesson. You may be surprised how many will enter their personal information when it may result in a constructive outcome, but won't provide it just because it was demanded.


text:
Ancient Stardust: A Guide to the Hitchhikers of the Galaxy
Featured Speaker: Evan Groopman, Ph.D. candidate, Laboratory for Space Sciences, Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis
Presolar grains are literally ancient stardust that formed in stellar ejecta before our solar system was born. Many of these grains survived their travels through interstellar space and the formation of the solar system, becoming trapped in early solar system material. By isolating these grains from primitive meteorites that have fallen to Earth and from cometary dust collected by spacecraft, scientists are able to study the grains' isotopic, chemical, and crystallographic composition and structure; inferring information on their presolar origins and characteristics of their parent stars-- the range of temperatures and pressures in the atmosphere, nucleosynthetic processes; galactic cosmic ray fluxes; and geological processes in the early solar system.
You won't want to miss this cosmic talk on our galaxy's hitchhikers... it's astrophysics with a microscope! in this fascinating look at presolar grain research and galactic chemical evolution.
DRAWINGS FOR TWO FREE JUNIOR SCIENCE ACADEMY MEMBERSHIPS at each Pioneering Science Seminar. Junior Academy of Science-- Real-world science opportunities and field trips monthly- for students of all abilities in grades 6 - 12.
FREE parking in Kirkwood High School lots.
FREE and OPEN to ALL-middle and high school students, teachers, adults and the general public. Registration not required.
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Google Calendar
Yahoo! Calendar
Windows Live Calendar
Comments powered by Disqus

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Application Information
Scholarship Overview
This scholarship is for those who are involved with the Boys & Girls Club of Cumberland-Lincoln in Rhode Island.
How easy is it to apply?
Not too bad
This scholarship's application process may have items such as essays that could take a couple hours.
How much competition is there?
Relatively little!
This scholarship has a relatively low number of applicants.
Home State: Is this you?
- Rhode Island
Location: Is this you?
- Cumberland or Lincoln
Community Groups: Is this you?
- Boys and Girls Club of America


text:
iTunes TOS Leak Apple TV 3.0 with iTunes LP and iTunes Extra Support
MacRumors has been tipped that users attempting to make purchases in iTunes today are being greeted with new Terms of Service (ToS) which include the following, tantalizing line:
The Terms of Sale have been revised to clarify that you can now use iTunes LPs and iTunes Extras on Apple TV with software version 3.0 or higher.
Apple TV was introduced in 2006 and re-introduced alongside the original iPhone at Macworld 2007. It was bumped to OS 2.0 at Macworld 2008 when video rentals were introduced. Then... incremental updates only. The debut of iTunes LP and iTunes Extras at the Apple 2009 Music Event, in their Apple TV-friendly 720p format hinted at an update, and now let's hope Apple is finally ready to deliver it. (Along with their fancy new remote?)
Let's also hope Mac OS X's Front Row, currently languishing with an Apple TV 1.0 era interface gets a similar upgrade. Beyond 2.0 for real parity would be nice, especially considering the Mac Mini is marketed, in part, as an entertainment center. Right Apple?
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
iTunes TOS Leak Apple TV 3.0 with iTunes LP and iTunes Extra Support
It would make me happy if I ever planned on buying any iTunes LP or iTunes Extra stuff, but so far I have no plans to (would only do so if the iTunes album price is the same as Amazon and it was one of those rare albums that I want enough to own the whole album but not enough to justify the higher price and slight hassle of a CD). I hope they add more features than that to 3.0 firmware.
As an Apple TV owner, this is awesome news! I bought the new Muse album and the new Alice in Chains albums from iTunes, and both of them included iTunes LP. I've been fairly impressed with the format so far. My main complaint is that it must be viewed on my computer. Viewing it on my Apple TV would be very cool. I'd like to have access on my iPhone too but not as much as ATV.


text:
Walks you through the process of analyzing, planning, and managing different types of content—from blog posts to videos—so you can develop a content strategy for any website.
"Your website has become a verb. I had a client tell me today that they were lynda.comming their way through learning new software. You've joined the ranks of Googling, Photoshopping, and Skyping!" —Jill W.
more from our members »


text:
Information identified as archived on the Web is for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It has not been altered or updated after the date of archiving. Web pages that are archived on the Web are not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards. As per the Communications Policy of the Government of Canada, you can request alternate formats on the "Contact Us" page.
I would like to thank the Ministers and the facilitator of this consultation for this opportunity to participate in this consultation process.
I come to the copyright debate as someone with a keen interest in using the cultural materials of our collective past. Unfortunately, there are several key areas in which the existing provisions of the Copyright Act either do not allow for the legitimate interests of posterity, and in some cases actively work against those interests.
In my submission I will first make several general observations which guide my approach to the copyright debate. I will then make some more detailed analyses and recommendations for legislative changes.
Contrary to popular myth, or, more to the point, the myth promulgated by proponents of ever-stronger copyright, the Canadian copyright regime is not archaic, antiquated, or out of date. It is true that the current Copyright Act traces its origin to 19211 (not, as is sometimes claimed, the 19th century.) However, the Copyright Act is also one of the most frequently amended pieces of federal legislation. The ink was barely dry on the 1921 act before it was amended2, and there have been forty other amendments to Canadian copyright laws in the decades since — one amendment approximately every two years.
By far the majority of these amendments have been in recent decades (seven in the 1980s, eleven in the 1990s, seven in the 2000s). In fact, between 1981 and 2005 inclusive, Canadian copyright laws were amended on an average once every eleven months. And not only has the pace of amendments steadily increased in recent decades, the scope of the amendments (as measured by the number of provisions amended, added, or repealed) has increased even more dramatically, as the following figures show.3
Figure 1: Cumulative number of copyright-related Acts
Figure 2: Cumulative number of Copyright Actsections amended, added, or repealed
The net effect of this near-constant revision to the Copyright Act is that less than 6 percent of the original 1921 Act survives, unaltered, to the present day. Expressed a different way, less than 2 percent of the current Copyright Act derives, unaltered, from the act of 1921. There are some good reasons for amending the Act, yet again — but being "old" or "out of date" are not among those reasons.
There is no doubt that the existence of copyright is economically important, allowing copyright owners (who so desire) to monetize the works which they created (or otherwise own). It also allows them, in a general sense, to "control" their cultural products, though only to the extent that this is possible in the real world, to the extent that they desire to do so, and within the metes and bounds of copyright and other laws.
This last point is especially important. Copyright, other intellectual property rights, and other laws which govern the use of cultural material, for economic purposes or otherwise, are not unlimited. Copyright in particular is limited in scope (only certain cultural products are protected by copyright, and not others), breadth (copyright consists of a specific 'bundle' of rights, but not others, and there are limitations on those rights), and extent (copyright is limited in time.)
Limitations on copyright include the finite term of copyright protection; the lack of copyright protection in mere ideas, unoriginal works, or insubstantial portions of otherwise copyrighted works; and the statutory exemptions to what might otherwise be construed as infringing acts. Copyright policy and its attendant laws must recognize that these limitations themselves have important cultural and economic value. To offer just a few examples:
Copyright absolutism and copyright maximalism are dangerous to culture and the cultural economy. Copyright not only is limited, but it also should be limited. Proposed reforms to the Copyright Act must reject absolutism and maximalism in favour of a truly balanced approach.
Amendments to copyright law, as with amendments to any other kind of law, come in response to political and economic pressures that operate in and around the present. They are responses to present circumstances, recent events, or short-term political and policy goals.
However, copyright law has a broad temporal effect. Changes made to the Copyright Act today have an impact on how we use, re-use, and understand our collective past now, and into the future. And changes to the Copyright Act are prospective, meaning that they will continue to have an impact on existing cultural works, works which are created today, and works which are created tomorrow, long into the future. The Copyright Act, as it exists today, has an impact on how we use our collective past. And the Copyright Act, whether or not it is ever amended again, has and will continue to have an impact on how we use our collective past, into the future.
Figure 3
The interests of those who use and re-use cultural material, and the interests of posterity, are legitimate interests in the interminable copyright debate. Failure of policy makers and legislative drafters to consider and incorporate those interests into the shape of copyright law, is a failure to balance the Copyright Act. Copyright law which does not attempt to mitigate the deleterious impact of copyright on understanding our past, is not balanced. As will be described more fully below, there are several areas of the existing law which are conspicuously unbalanced when viewed through this prism, and several recent proposals for "reform" which would further unbalance the law to the detriment of posterity.
In the documentation on this current copyright consultation, it is stated:
The current copyright legislation was enacted in 2001. It is important that any new legislation that is tabled not only reflect the current technological reality, but is also forward-looking and can withstand the test of time…
It has been more than 10 years since the last major reform of this important legislation. During that time, new technologies have fostered new ways to create and use copyright material, as well as new distribution models and consumer products. Updates are needed to ensure that Canada's copyright laws are modern and so that Canada can regain its place as a leader in the global digital economy.10
These statements are problematic. Technology, including technology used to create, manipulate, and distribute cultural material, will always move at a faster pace than the law. If copyright law is to "withstand the test of time", then it cannot be made in knee-jerk reaction to technologies which, these days, often have shelf-lives measured in months.
It is quaint, if not ludicrous, to look back on the 1921 Copyright Act and its express references to "perforated rolls". Indeed, it is both quaint and ludicrous already to read the references in the current act to "a dry-erase board, flip chart or other similar surface"; a provision enacted just last decade.11 Any changes to the Copyright Act must be technologically neutral, and any future bill to amend the act should similarly "neutralize" existing technology-specific references.
No term of copyright, as currently provided for in the Act, should be extended. The current term is long enough, and, in fact, despite rhetoric claiming the opposite, Canada's life+50 years general term is the term adopted by the largest number of countries around the world, with the largest share of the world's population.
There is already a growing body of work which debunks economic arguments in favour of misguided copyright term extensions.12 In fact, as described in greater detail below, there are certain cases in which this round of copyright law amendment should result in shorter terms of copyright than presently provided for.
Canada should also take a leadership role on the international stage in recognizing the importance not just of copyright, but also the importance of limits to copyright. In particular, Canada should oppose bilateral and multilateral treaty copyright term extensions, and, in the very near future, support international efforts to combat copyright maximalism in its various forms.
In Canada, works produced by government are subject to copyright protection. It is not entirely clear any more what these works are being "protected" from.
Government works are not created out of any creative impulse. They are created for the purpose of maintaining a public record, conducting public affairs, or pursuant to statutory or regulatory obligations. Unlike works created by individuals, or even by corporate persons with lucrative pursuits in mind, government works are not the product of an artist or creator's mere motion. There is a legitimate public interest in the use, re-use, and dissemination of public information, and of works, of all classes, created by public authorities in the exercise of their powers and duties. There is also a strong public interest in preventing the kind of abuses of Crown copyright recently seen in at least one province.13
The federal government did take one small step in the right direction in 1997, with the Reproduction of Federal Law Order,14 which provides:
Anyone may, without charge or request for permission, reproduce enactments and consolidations of enactments of the Government of Canada, and decisions and reasons for decisions of federally-constituted courts and administrative tribunals, provided due diligence is exercised in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced and the reproduction is not represented as an official version.
However, this modest step does not go far enough. It is limited to "law", meaning that other government publications (including, for example, Parliamentary proceedings, government reports, etc.) are not covered by the authorization to reproduce. It excludes lucrative purposes, including commercial publication, from the ambit of the order. It is contained in an obscure regulation, rather than in the text of the Copyright Act itself, which works against simplicity in the law and public knowledge of it. And it is only operative at the federal level, although some jurisdictions, such as British Columbia,15 Manitoba,16 and Ontario17 also provide limited public licenses, of a sort, for reproduction of provincial laws.
The continued existence of Crown copyright is problematic not only on the policy or philosophical grounds noted above, but also because it is increasingly out of step with international practice. The copyright laws of many developed countries specifically exclude some or all government works from copyright protection.18
The policy case for abolition of crown and other government copyright, at least in respect of classes of works broadly described as "public legal information", has recently, and more ably, been made by Elizabeth F. Judge.19 Canada should therefore give strong consideration, in this round of copyright reform, to curtailing, or abolishing outright, Crown copyright as it currently stands.
Failing the bold step of outright abolition of Crown copyright, Canada must, at bare minimum, abolish the perpetual copyright in unpublished documents which are, as defined in s. 12 of the current Act, "prepared or published by or under the direction or control of Her Majesty or any government department". The language of this section, a relic of the 1911 British legislation20 from which it was borrowed holus-bolus, gives rise to the necessary implication that a Crown "work" which is never published remains under copyright in perpetuity. The very unsatisfactory result is that many millions of perfectly useful historical documents cannot technically be reproduced by modern researchers without infringing Crown copyright.
The problem of perpetual Canadian copyright in unpublished works by non-Crown authors was addressed, though with lingering problems (see below) in the 1996 round of amendments. The problem of perpetual Crown copyright was also remedied in the United Kingdom, which modernized its 1911 provision in 1988. It is long past time for Canada to bring its Crown copyright provision in line with modern expectations. However, I would strongly contend that the 1988 British provision still provides too long a copyright term to unpublished Crown works (creation+125 years).
There are, it is true, other concerns related to the dissemination of government documents, but these are adequately addressed by the statutory regime concerning protection of personal information held by governments, and by official secrets legislation. If no bolder action on Crown copyright can be expected in this round, then s. 11 of the Act must be amended to abolish perpetual Crown copyright in unpublished works, with a shorter term than the overlong 125 years provided for in the UK, and with no "transitional" provision delaying the immediate creation of a public domain in historical government records.
The problem of perpetual Crown copyright has festered long enough.21 Canadian researchers and repositories, the Canadian public, and the interests of posterity, demand that this anachronism be remedied in this round of copyright reform.
An amendment to the Copyright Act two decades ago22 first gave the Copyright Board the power to license the use of a work where the user cannot locate the owner of copyright. This is often referred to as the "orphan works" problem.
While Canada can be commended for its early recognition of, and attempts to address, the orphan works problem, the approach that we have taken is problematic in several respects.
First of all, there is no real attempt within the Act to limit the scope of the orphan works problem in the first place. The general rule of copyright term is life of the author plus fifty years, or, in the case of anonymous and pseudonymous works, publication of the work plus fifty years. These rules are well-established by international practice, sensible, and simple to apply — but only as long as you know the triggering date, either the death of the author or the publication of the work. However, there are many works for which the triggering date cannot easily be determined by a stranger to the work. Indeed, there are cases where this is not possible at all, leaving works in a copyright limbo where it is impossible to determine with any certainty whether the work's copyright still subsists or has expired.
For such works, the Act should provide an "escape hatch" that would allow for their certain transition to the public domain, or allow for liberal use which does not give rise to infringement liability on the part of the user.
Second, there is no acknowledgement of the very real, and common situation where the "trail" of copyright ownership is impossible to trace not because it has "gone cold", but because it has simply stopped. A creator or other personal, non-creator owner of a copyright may die intestate and without any known heirs. A corporate owner of copyright may be wound down or otherwise cease to exist without its copyrights being disposed of.
In such cases, other forms of property, such as real property, personal effects, and financial assets, are dealt with under laws pertaining to intestate succession, escheat, etc. The parallel should apply in respect of copyright. Canada should take an approach that has been adopted in at least some other jurisdictions,23 and provide in the Act that there is and cannot be a copyright without a copyright owner. If the line of succession of ownership of a copyright is irreparably broken, the copyright in that work should cease to subsist.
Third, as noted below in the context of photographs, the existing provisions only apply in respect of published works. The Board has no jurisdiction to license the use of unpublished works, whether they be privately held or held in archives or other institutions. This presents an impediment to the legitimate use of cultural and patrimonial materials. This lacuna should be closed.
Finally, the Copyright Board has, in recent years, engaged in what may be described as an overly close relationship with copyright collectives in respect of the administration of licenses to use unlocatable-owner works. In the past two decades, ten different collectives have received over $30,000 in license fees for the use of orphan works. Indeed, in 1999, the Board formalized its relationship with one collective (CanCopy/Access Copyright) concerning the licensing of "unlocatables", through a memorandum of understanding.
Remember, that in order for a user to obtain an "unlocatable" license, the user has to establish that the owner of copyright cannot be located. One of steps involved in this search process, as outlined by the Board's own procedures, is to:
Start by contacting the copyright collective societies that deal with uses you are interested in. One of them may represent the copyright owner and be able to provide you with the owner's name and address or tell you whether the owner is dead or living abroad.24
[Emphasis added]
In other words, part of your search process involves contacting collectives, establishing that they do not represent the owner of the work in question… and then paying the collective anyway.
This is fundamentally unfair to the user. As one collective, Access Copyright, has recently told its members, in the context of this very copyright consultation, "…you need and deserve to get paid for what you do…"25
Set aside for a second the fact that not all Access Copyright copyright-owner members have, in fact, "done" anything except acquire copyright in someone else's work, if it is axiomatic that Access Copyright's members, or those of any other copyright collective, be paid for what they do, then it must also be axiomatic that those same members should not be paid for what they did not do. Yet Access Copyright alone has collected license fees in respect of 40 percent of the "unlocatable" licenses issued to date for which the immediate payment of fees has been required, and has collected almost half of the total such license fees paid by users. In the boilerplate language of the Board's decisions, the collective "may dispose of the said amount as it sees fit for the general benefit of its members." Of the hundred or so such licenses issued to users under the condition of paying fees to a collective, only seven have ever resulted in license fees being paid back out to the author or non-author owner of copyright.26 In the remaining majority of the cases, the collective has, at least so far, kept the fee.
Part of the process of proving that a work has an unlocatable copyright owner is to show that the work is not administered collectively. The collectives and their members have had nothing to do with the creation of the works in question, and do not deserve to be paid. This is unjust and not balanced, especially given that the collectives bring nothing to the process that either the Board itself cannot do, or which the collectives shouldn't do anyway, voluntarily, in terms of promoting the "unlocatables" process and trying to match license fees to owners.
If the Copyright Board is going to insist on the payment of fees, in advance, for the use of "unlocatables", then the Board itself should receive and, where possible, disburse the fee amounts to rightful owners. If the Board is not willing to voluntarily cease the practice of involving collectives in the administration of orphan works copyrights, then the Act should be amended to preclude this unfair burden on publishers and other users of such works, and the unjust benefit to collectives and their members.
In addition to the continuing problem of perpetual Crown copyright in unpublished Crown works, described above, Canada did have, until recently, an identical problem with perpetuities in relation to literary works that remained unpublished, even long after the deaths of their authors. Under the former s. 7 of the Act, copyright in such works subsisted until published.
After many decades of pressure on this issue, Parliament finally agreed to amend s. 7 in its 1997 bill. The resolution struck at that time was that, where the author died in or before 1948, their unpublished works would pass out of copyright at the end of 2003, after a five-year "transitional" period. Authors who died in 1999 or after would have the same term of copyright for all their works, regardless of publication status. And authors who died between those dates, namely from 1949 to 1998 inclusive, would have their unpublished works come into the public domain on January 1, 2049.
(Note that none of these dates are actually spelled out in the section, which relies, very unwisely, on a reference to a separate coming-into-force order to determine the effective dates. The unwieldy incorporation by reference has confused even experts in Canadian copyright law.27)
This compromise did not satisfy at least one literary estate, which fought for, and nearly got, an extension to the term of copyright for a year-class of authors which would have included the copyrights in unpublished works by their author.28 While that political and legislative effort fell through, and the works in question transitioned to the public domain as Parliament intended, there remains the continuing problem and inconsistency that the "middle" class of unpublished author-works, by those who died in the second half of the twentieth century, will remain under copyright even long after their published copyrights expire. By way of example, the "middle" class of author includes William Lyon Mackenzie King, Harold Innis, and Robert Service. All of their published works are already public domain in Canada under the life+50 rule; none of their unpublished materials are. Unpublished works by authors such as the former Prime Minister will end up with nearly a century of copyright term, and half a century longer than their published works, by the time the transitional period in s. 7 fully runs its course.
This chart shows the discrepancy in graphic form, with green representing the unfettered public domain:
Figure 4
If, as the Department of Canadian Heritage has intimated, "simplification" of the Act is a goal for government, then there are few better places to start the simplification process than s. 7. Remember as well that any further amendment to s. 7 will not impinge upon the existing copyright interests of any living author in respect of their own works: the "transitional" problem only exists in respect of authors who are already dead. This section should therefore be amended with a view towards making the term of copyright uniform for all types of works with the same authorship, and with a view towards an earlier transition to the public domain for the "middle" class of author-works than the existing date of 2049.
On the international scene, Canada should also push the United Kingdom, which has a similarly over-long "transitional" period of copyright in unpublished works, and any other Commonwealth or other country which has inherited this defect of early 20th-century British copyright law, to likewise "harmonize" terms for published and unpublished works of the same authorship. The British law is especially troublesome given the depth of archival material held in the United Kingdom, but pertaining to the history of Canada and other post-colonial countries.
Bill C-61, which mercifully died on the Order Paper, would have repealed ss. 10 and 13(2) of the existing Copyright Act, a set of provisions which "carve out" photographic works from the general rules concerning the first ownership of copyright. While this provision is usually described, as in the summary of the bill, as giving "photographers the same rights as other creators", this over-simplistic approach fails to recognize that in several important aspects, photographs are not like other types of works.
In particular, unlike published books, recordings, cinematographic, or other "formal" works, or even unlike many "informal" literary works such as unpublished documents and other written communication, photographs very rarely include information on the authorship, other ownership of copyright, or date of creation of the work. Not only does such information not inhere to the tangible form of the work, out of the many millions of photographs taken in Canada every year, only an infinitesimal fraction are registered as is optional under the Act, even as among those photographs which are created by professional photographers for commercial purposes. All of these pieces of information are vital for third parties to determine whether a photographic work is still protected by copyright, and if it is, who the owner of that copyright is.
Some concrete examples will iUustrate the "photographs problem" more clearly:
It is easy for photographs to lose their attachment to their own vital statistics, and to do so, quite often, very early in their existence. Indeed, think of the problem that will be created by changing the rule of first ownership of copyright in photographs when a third party takes a photograph on behalf of someone, using that person's camera and medium. This is the classic tourist "could you take our picture?" conundrum — the person who hands their camera to a stranger, who they may never meet again, is also handing that person the copyright in the resulting photograph.
At the same time, it is also clear that there are compelling interests on the part of third parties to make use of photographic heritage in new ways, including cultural and economic re-use. Any changes to the Copyright Act concerning photographs must respect that balance, and recognize the problems inherent to photographs as a class of works. This balance must include:
Furthermore, given the casual and informal circumstances in which the vast majority of photographs are taken, collective administration of copyright in photographs is not a viable or desirable approach.
An additional problem with C-61's photography provisions concerned its intended repeal of s. 13(2). The section, as it currently stands, provides that in the case of a commissioned photograph, the first owner of copyright is the person who commissions it, subject to any agreement to the contrary with the photographer.
In point of fact, most commercial photographers already use their standard-form contracts to reverse the s. 13(2) presumption, taking advantage of the imbalance of knowledge and economic power that already exists between the photographer and client. The C-61 approach would have taken away even that presumption, and consequently, taken any remaining economic power away from the purchaser of the photographer's services.
As noted above in the general discussion, photographs tend to dissociate themselves very early in their existence from the information concerning authorship, non-author ownership of copyright, and date of creation, that is so necessary to determine, down the road, whether the photograph is still protected by copyright, and, if so, who the owner of that copyright might be. Consider this thought experiment: can you say with any certainty who took your parents' or grandparents' professional wedding or graduation photograph? Is that photographer still alive? If the photographer is dead, did they die more or less than 50 years ago? And if less than 50, who now owns the copyrights in their photographs?
Nor is this a problem simply with "old" photographs. Your submitter has in his own collection recent commissioned family photographs which carry a stern copyright warning — but absolutely no information whatsoever about the author, owner of copyright, or date of creation of the photograph.
The explanatory note to Bill C-61 talked of giving photographers "the same rights as other creators". Unfortunately, the Bill C-61 amendments would also give consumers of domestic commercial photography fewer rights than the consumers of other professional services. It would be ludicrous, and unthinkable, that the builder of an addition to your house would continue to have rights to that addition for the rest of his life, and his heirs for fifty years after that, or that they could assign their "buildingright" to any third party.
Bill C-61 did make one feeble attempt in the direction of consumer protection with its proposed paragraph 32.2(1)(f), which would have provided that it was not an infringement of copyright
for an individual to use for private or non-commercial purposes a photograph or portrait that was commissioned by the individual for personal purposes and made for valuable consideration, unless the individual and the owner of the copyright in the photograph or portrait have agreed otherwise.
However, this provision suffers from the same flaw as the existing s. 13(2) presumption in that it would be subject to contractual override. Past experience has shown that the photographers would, in almost all cases, insist on this override. In addition, the exemption from infringement is only for "private or non-commercial purposes", forestalling, for example, publication in an author's biography of their own commissioned domestic photography — even many years down the line, when, as noted above, the copyright status and ownership of the work will usually be impossible to trace.
The proponents of Bill C-61 also pointed to provincial and territorial privacy laws as prohibiting the unauthorized use of domestic commissioned photographs. The nature of Canadian federalism, in which provinces have jurisdiction over "Property and Civil Rights" under s. 92 (13) of the Constitution Act, 1867, may make the invocation of provincial privacy or personality law inevitable. However, it is worth noting that many countries build such privacy-type protections into their national copyright laws.31
Not only does the C-61 approach lead to a patchwork of law across the country, it does not solve the problem of providing the commissioner or subject of such photographs with a positive right to use their own image in the future, at a time when the information about the authorship of the photo, and the subsistence (or not) of copyright, will almost certainly no longer attach to the work itself. Their right to use that image, as well as the right of the photographer to do so (or for the photographer to be estopped from doing so) goes to the heart of copyright: the right to copy. As such, provisions concerning the right of the photographer to use such images, the right of commissioners or subjects to prevent such use, and the right of commissioners or subjects to use the image which they paid for or sat for, must be contained within the Copyright Act itself. Again, there are numerous countries whose national copyright laws provide the subject of commissioned portraits, as well as, in some cases, third parties such as heirs or family members, a positive right to use such works, or even ownership of the copyright itself.32
The C-61 approach is dangerous when viewed from a point of view of posterity, and must be rejected in any new legislation.
Under s. 30.5 of the Copyright Act, Library and Archives Canada — and only that institution — is shielded from an action for infringement of copyright for carrying out its mandate, pursuant to s. 8 (2) of the Library and Archives of Canada Act,33 to capture and preserve internet content for posterity.
This is an admirable goal, but one which should be open to all public heritage institutions to pursue. Internet content today, and for the past two decades, will in time prove to be as important as conventional content or ephemeral literature have been in the past. It is not an infringement of copyright for any institution to collect printed material, recordings, manuscript, artefacts, or other cultural materials. Technological neutrality, and the interests of posterity, demand that internet and other digital content be placed on the same level playing field.
Furthermore, to completely level the playing field, Canadian institutions in addition to LAC should have the same protection that LAC enjoys under the Copyright Act. Just as there is no one institution that can be relied on to collect every book and serial, posterity requires that we do not rely on any one institution to preserve internet or other digital Canadiana. In fact, posterity requires us to encourage and allow all heritage institutions to pursue their diverse mandates and collection-building interests, without risk of copyright liability. Not only will a wide variety of collection mandates be fulfilled, but also, by allowing for distributed collection, in a variety of locations and with a variety of technologies, the risk of catastrophic loss of cultural material will be lessened substantially.
Already, millions of digital files from the early days of the internet have been irretrievably lost, due the transient nature of the web, the failure of institutions and other cultural actors to recognize the importance of such works, and the failure, once they did so recognize, to do anything about it. One obstacle, among others, were heightened, and often hair-trigger sensitive, concerns about copyright. Many early websites, including a great deal of early web-Canadiana, were hosted by free hosting services which no longer exist, such as xoom.com34, or whose final shutdown is imminent, such as geocities.com.35 While user-generated content sites such as FaceBook or YouTube may be dominant now, a year, let alone a decade, is a long time on the internet.
For all these reasons, the privilege accorded to Library and Archives Canada under s. 30.5 of the Act should be extended to any archive, library, or museum.
Every Canadian has read, or heard of, Anne of Green Gables, by Lucy Maude Montgomery. Not so many have heard of Anne of Green Gables, the film. Not the 1980s-vintage adaptation, but rather the 1919 silent film, one of the earliest film adaptations of a Canadian novel.
Not one print of this film is known to survive, although, almost miraculously, promotional film posters for the lost movie have been recovered.36 Was the 1919 Anne a cinematic tour de force, or a farce? We will probably never know. Along with many other films of the period, which disintegrated or were simply lost or discarded, it is a lost work; as irretrievably lost as the library of Alexandria of antiquity.
The interests of posterity, especially in a rapidly evolving universe of digital hardware and software, demand that technological protection measures (TPMs), and digital rights management, must be allowed, and given legal protection, solely for the purpose of preventing copyright infringement. That is to say, that the circumvention of such measures must not, in and of itself, constitute a public offence or give rise to any private right of action. Circumventing "protection" technology must be perfectly legal for any use or purpose which does not constitute copyright infringement, including the purposes of research, preservation of cultural materials, fair dealing, and any use which would not, even in the absence of technological measures, be infringing. In the context of posterity, it is vital that repositories and users be allowed to "migrate" content for the purposes of research and preservation, and to avoid problems associated with media decay and hardware or software obsolescence.
The linking of legal protection for TPMs must also recognize that copyright is not perpetual. Copyrights expire after a legally-defined term. Not only are TPMs problematic for archives and archival users in a technological sense, contributing to the problem of technological obsolescence, they are also problematic in a legal sense when, in the future, they may prevent the unfettered use of cultural materials in which copyright no longer even subsists.
A great deal of Canadian cultural material has already been lost to past generations of technological obsolescence. As Desmond Morton said in 2002:
You know the problem. In your house, do you have players for eight-track cassettes, those old RCA Victor Red-Label 78 rpm discs, or the reel-to-reel tapes you used to record your grand dad's war reminiscences? We all know the fate of old celluloid movie film. Have you looked at those old videotapes of our kids at the beach? We did. And so have the archivists. Nada. Nothing. Or nothing much. Those wartime radio intercepts were recorded on steel wire. A little damp and they mostly turned quietly to rust. A 40-year delay in tackling the official history of the Royal Canadian Navy is just too darned bad. Because of the confidentiality for census documents, we can't be sure that the computer tapes of the United States 1960 census are now unreadable. No one has a machine to read CENIO or census Input-Output. In fact, all U.S. data before 1989 is in a similar plight. As in Canada, years of funding and staff cuts have added to the problem. When I recently moved to a computer, I was in time for Phillips and those really big "floppy disks". Two years later, in 1989, I was forcibly converted to smaller, not-so-floppy discs. As a junior Greeny, I gave up paper and kept my output on disc. Have you checked the discs lately. Did they work? What happened?37
Any law surrounding, and protecting, TPMs and related hardware or software protection of copyright, must ensure that future generations are not "protected" from exploring their own cultural past. Copyright law must not add to the problem of obsolescence. Furthermore, it must allow for archives and researchers to prevent obsolescence from impeding access to, and the very survival of, Canadian cultural content. We cannot deliberately build the route to more lost Annes into our cultural property laws.
1 An Act to Amend and consolidate the Law relating to Copyright, S.C. 11–12 Geo. V., c.24 (Return to Text)
2 An Act to Amend the Copyright Act, S.C. 13–14 Geo. V., c.10 (Return to Text)
3 Figures derived from the annual and revised Statues of Canada. This analysis is current to January 2008. (Return to Text)
4 Based on returns of searches made on abebooks.com the week of August 1–7, 2009. (Return to Text)
5 See decisions of the Copyright Board in Files 2007-UO/TI-22 and 2003-UO/TI-21. (Return to Text)
6 See decisions of the Copyright Board in Files 2005-UO/TI-36 and 2004-UO/TI-20. (Return to Text)
7 Tabaret (University of Ottawa), Fall 2005; Ottawa Citizen, June 29, 2005, p. F1 (Return to Text)
8 Based on an analysis of records returned by a search of Library and Archives Canada's AMICUS system, August 5, 2009. (Return to Text)
9 Blog comment posted to michaelgeist.ca, August 8, 2009. (Return to Text)
10 http://copyright.econsultation.ca/topics — sujets/show-montrer/11 (Return to Text)
11 Copyright Act, s. 29.4(1)(a) (Return to Text)
12 See Breyer, The Uneasy Case for Copyright, Harvard Law Review 84:2, 1970; Amicus brief of George A. Akerloff et al., in Eldred v. Ashcroft, Supreme Court of the United States, May 20, 2002; Institute for Information Law, The Recasting of Copyright & Related Rights for the Knowledge Economy, University of Amsterdam, 2006; Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Law, Review of the Economic Evidence Relating to an Extension of the Term of Copyright in Sound Recordings, University of Cambridge, 2006. (Return to Text)
13 http://www.straight.com/article-249911/darrell-evans-challenging-bc-governments-abuse-crown-copyright (Return to Text)
14 SI/97-5 (Return to Text)
15 http://www.gov.bc.ca/com/guidelines.html (Return to Text)
16 http://www.gov.mb.ca/legal/copyright.html (Return to Text)
17 http://www.ontario.ca/en/general/004222 (Return to Text)
18 For examples, see the copyright laws of Austria, § 7(1); Germany, § 5 (1); Denmark, article 9; Finland, Article 9; Israel, Article 6; Italy, Article 5; Netherlands, Article 11; Norway, § 9; Japan, Article 13; Republic of Korea, Article 7; Brazil, Article 8; Uruguay, Article 45 (5); Spain, Article 13; the United States, § 105. (Return to Text)
19 Crown Copyright and Copyright Reform in Canada. In Michael Geist (ed.), In the Public Interest: The Future of Canadian Copyright Law. Irwin, 2005, pp. 550–594. (Return to Text)
20 Copyright Act, 1&2 Geo. V., Ch. 46, s. 18 (Return to Text)
21 See, for example, Keyes and Brunet, Copyright in Canada: Proposals for Revision of the Law, Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada, 1977; Gina La Force, Archives and Copyright in Canada: An Outsider's View, Archivaria, Winter 1980/81, pp. 37–51; Barry Torno, Crown Copyright in Canada: A Legacy of Confusion, Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada, 1981; David Vaver, Copyright Law, Toronto: Irwin, 2000, p. 107. (Return to Text)
22 S.C. 1988, c. 15 (Return to Text)
23 See the copyright laws of Brazil, article 45; Dominican Republic, article 23. (Return to Text)
24 http://www.cb-cda.gc.ca/unlocatable-introuvables/brochure2-e.html (Return to Text)
25 http://www.accesscopyright.ca/Default.aspx?id=262 (Return to Text)
26 Copyright Board of Canada, personal communication, September 2009. (Return to Text)
27 See http://publicdomain.xanga.com/195193123/item/ (Return to Text)
28 Howard Knopf, Mouse in the House: A new bill in Ottawa appears to adopt U.S.-style copyright term extension. National Post, June 7, 2003, FP 11 (Return to Text)
29 See decisions of the Copyright Board in Files 2004-UO/TI-32 and 2004-UO/TI-37. (Return to Text)
30 Search conducted on Library and Archives Canada's web site, August 14, 2009. (Return to Text)
31 See, among others, the copyright laws of Argentina, article 31; Barbados, s. 17; Belgium, Article 10; Denmark, article 60; Dominican Republic, article 52; Fiji, s. 94; Finland, article 27; Hungary, article 72; Iceland, article 25; Mexico, article 87; Poland, article 81-1; Sweden, article 27. (Return to Text)
32 See the copyright laws of Algeria, article 20; Antigua and Barbuda, s. 22. (5); Australia, s. 47J; Austria, article 75 (1); Barbados, s. 22(3); Belize, s. 18; Czech Republic, article 37 (2); Finland, article 40; Germany, § 60; Hong Kong, s. 15; Portugal, article 168. (Return to Text)
33 S.C. 2004, c. 11 (Return to Text)
34 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOOM (Return to Text)
35 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoCities (Return to Text)
36 Ottawa Citizen, May 2, 2002, p. F1 (Return to Text)
37 "Finding the Future in the Past". Canadian Speeches, August 1, 2002. (Return to Text)


text:
According to the report (lead author Yves Younan, Senior Research Engineer at Sourcefire):
We leveraged two well-respected data sources for our research. First, our classifications of vulnerabilities are based on the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database which is used today as an international standard for vulnerability numbering or identification. The database provides 25 years of information on vulnerabilities to assess, spanning 1988 to current.
Next, we used information hosted in the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We did some normalization to the data with respect to vulnerability categorization to be able to provide more complete statistics.
Not wishing to steal all of the report's thunder, we will summarise only a few of the findings, the full report is available here (free registration is required).
Figure1: Total Vulnerabilities by Year
Figure2: High Severity Vulnerabilities by Year
Figure3: High Severity Vulnerabilities as a percentage of Total by Year
When the report turned its attention to the actual vulnerabilities independently of the products, it found that Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities were very high in frequency, however, when the analysis was tightened to show only critical errors, this category almost completely vanished, instead, buffer overflows became the force to be reckoned with. "we believe it is now safe to declare the buffer overflow the vulnerability of the quarter-century."
Figure 4: Critical Vulnerabilities as a percentage by type
It would also appear that researchers (and 'hackers') appear to have a "flavour of the year" when it comes to discovered and reported issues.


text:
How to upgrade Magento version 188.8.131.52 to 22.214.171.124 through SSH command line
This tutorial will explain how to upgrade and old magento version 184.108.40.206 to latest version (184.108.40.206 at the time of writing). Since Magento database structure has major changes from version 220.127.116.11 to 1.4.2 the best approach would be to first upgrade to version 1.4.2 and then directly to 126.96.36.199. This tutorial assumes that you have SSH access to your Magento server.
Page 1 - Upgrading to version 1.4.2
As mentioned above we will first update Magento version 220.127.116.11 to 1.4.2. According to some board discutions from stackoverflow.com, you should substitute the file downloader/pearlib/php/Archive/Tar.php with the patched version available here: Tar.zip
Before starting the upgrade procedures make sure you have a backup of your Magento files and database, just in case something goes wrong and the site gets broken. Next connect to your server SSH and go to your store folder to execute the following commands. It is possible that you will see warnings about some deprecated functions (nothing to worry about).
If you work on SSH with root user you will have to chown the upgraded files to correct user:group, otherwise you will see 500 server error.
Make folder lib/PEAR writable (recursively):
chmod -R 777 lib/PEAR
Prepare Magento for upgrade (first set the appropriate permissions on the pear file):
chmod 550 pear
./pear mage-setup
If the pear file was last saved from a Windows system you most likely will get an error like: ./pear: /bin/sh^M: bad interpreter: No such file or directory. That's because of the Miscrosoft-style line feeds, which sometimes causes issues on unix type servers. To fix it run the following command (perl must be installed on the server):
perl -pi -e 's/\r\n/\n/g' pear
The result of the above command will most likely be:
Channel "connect.magentocommerce.com/community" is already initialized
Execute Magento upgrade:
./pear upgrade -f magento-core/Mage_All_Latest-stable
Output of the command will show the upgrated packages, something like:
upgrade ok: channel://connect.magentocommerce.com/core/Mage_All_Latest-184.108.40.206
Next run these commands:
chmod 550 ./mage
./mage mage-setup .
* notice the dot after mage-setup command
Output (Magento connect 2.0 channel was added to the channels list):
Successfully added: http://connect20.magentocommerce.com/community
./mage sync
Output, something like:
Successfully added: community/Mage_Core_Modules-188.8.131.52
To complete the upgrade to version 1.4.2 do the following:
- Empty var/cache
- Empty var/session
- Empty browser cache
- Visit your website to trigger the upgrade (the site will take some time to open for the first time, so don't close the page until the homepage has loaded)
If you see 500 Internal Server Error on your website you need to chown the site files to correct user:group (this usually happens when working on SSH with a root account):
chown -R your_user:your_group .
* notice the dot at the end
If the above command didn't fixed 500 Internal Server Error, some of your files might have wrong permissions. Fix it by setting 644 to all files:
find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 644
If everything worked fine you should now have Magento version 1.4.2 (you can see the version in admin panel's footer). We can proceed now to upgrade to version 188.8.131.52:
Page 2 - Upgrading to version 18.104.22.168


text:
Tip #4 Who is looking over your shoulder?
In computer security, shoulder surfing refers to using direct observation techniques, such as looking over someone's shoulder, to get information.[1] Shoulder surfing is particularly effective in crowded places because it is relatively easy to observe someone as they:
* fill out a form
* enter their PIN at an automated teller machine or a POS terminal
* use a calling card at a public pay phone
* enter passwords at a cybercafé, public and university libraries, or airport kiosks.
* enter a code for a rented locker in a public place such as a swimming pool or airport.
Shoulder surfing can also be done at a distance using binoculars or other vision-enhancing devices. Inexpensive, miniature closed-circuit television cameras can be concealed in ceilings, walls or fixtures to observe data entry. To prevent shoulder surfing, it is advised to shield the paperwork or keypad from view by using one's body or cupping one's hand.
Recent automated teller machines now have a sophisticated display which discourages shoulder surfers from obtaining displayed information. It grows darker beyond a certain viewing angle, and the only way to tell what is displayed on the screen is to stand directly in front of it. Although this prevents an observer obtaining some information, e.g. account balance, it does not protect the PIN, because the PIN is typically not displayed during entry.
Certain models of credit card readers have the keypad recessed, and employ a rubber shield that surrounds a significant part of the opening towards the keypad. This makes shoulder-surfing significantly harder, as seeing the keypad is limited to a much more direct angle than previous models. ISO 9564, the international standard for PIN management, mandates such measures thus:[2] "The PIN entry device shall be designed or installed so that the customer can prevent others from observing the PIN value as it is being entered. " "
Also some keypads alter the physical location of the keys after each key press. For example the digit 1 may be the upper left on the first press, then moves to the bottom right for the second. Also, security cameras are not allowed to be placed directly above an ATM.
POS terminals often available in shops, supermarkets, and fuel outlets are more difficult to use in a way that prevents shoulder surfing as they are often located in exposed view on counters. It is good practice to shield the keypad with one hand while entering digits with your other hand.[3]
- ^ Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (6th ed.), Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-920687-2
- ^ ISO 9564-1:2002 Banking — Personal Identification Number (PIN) management and security — Part 1: Basic principles and requirements for online PIN handling in ATM and POS systems, clause 5.4 Packaging considerations


text:
The World's No.1 Matchmaking Service
1 of
View Album
Profile created by Sibling
31 yrs,
5' 7",
Never Married
, Hindi
, Yagyasaini Vaishya
Masters degree in Computers/ IT
Software Developer / Programmer
Lives in Noida, India
Detailed profile
Partner Preference
About him
In his own words:
Namaste, My name is
Name Visible on Login
. My friends describe me as a confident,responsible and very caring person. My hobbies are photography, romantic-poetry and travelling new places. I love to listen romantic songs. My favourite sports are cricket and chess.
I am looking for a educated, caring, pleasant & sensible life partner.
I would like to give a brief introduction of my family. My family is well educated, traditional with a modern outlook.
Father Mr Kipashankar
Name Visible on Login
(MA, LLB, Ex-Lawyer and presently have a restaurant business).
Mother Mrs Usha
Name Visible on Login
is well educated, down-to-earth, religious lady.
Elder Brother Ankur
Name Visible on Login
(Married) Working as a Senior Software Engineer at Impetus Technologies,Inc. Indore.
Bhabhi Komal
Name Visible on Login
(M.Sc.(Chemistry) & PG Diploma in Clinical Pathology).
Younger sister Ruchi
Name Visible on Login
is Doctor (M.B.B.S from K.G.M.U Lucknow) and pursuing her MS in Obstetrics and gynaecology from Govt.
Medical College , Safai, Uttar Pradesh.
I am looking for educated (BTech/MCA/MBA/M.Sc.) girl . We are against dowry.
lifestyle & appearance
Doesn't Drink
Doesn't Smoke
Wheatish skin tone, Average Build
, Hindi
, Yagyasaini Vaishya
Belongs to Kashyapa / Kaashyapa gothra
Lives in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India (Citizen)
Grew up in India
View Family and Astro Details
his family
Ours is a middle class family, originally from Kanpur Ghatampur, with moderate values. His father runs a business and his mother is a homemaker. He has 1 brother (married) and 1 sister (unmarried).
Education & career
Masters degree in Computers/ IT
Software Developer / Programmer with a private company
Earns INR 7 Lakh to 10 Lakh annually
To view his college & company name,
Upgrade Now!
Interests & Hobbies
Writing, Travelling
Interests & More
Writing, Travelling
Preferred Dress Style
Casual - usually in jeans and T-shirts, Classic Indian - typically Indian formal wear
WHAT he IS LOOKING FOR
23 to 29
5' 1"(154cm) to 5' 5"(165cm)
Marital Status
Never Married
Religion / Community
Mother Tongue
Country Living in
Doctorate, Masters, Bachelors / Undergraduate
Working With
Private Company, Government / Public Sector
, Business / Self Employed
Profession Area
Accounting, Banking & Finance, Administration & HR
, Advertising, Media & Entertainment, Agriculture, Airline & Aviation, Architecture & Design, Artists, Animators & Web Designers, BPO, KPO, & Customer Support, Beauty, Fashion & Jewellery Designers, Civil Services / Law Enforcement, Corporate Professionals, Education & Training, Engineering, Hotel & Hospitality, IT & Software Engineering, Medical & Healthcare
Working As
Banking Professional, Chartered Accountant, Company Secretary
, Finance Professional, Investment Professional, Accounting Professional (Others), Admin Professional, Human Resources Professional, Actor, Advertising Professional, Entertainment Professional, Event Manager, Journalist, Media Professional, Public Relations Professional, Farming, Horticulturist, Agricultural Professional (Others), Air Hostess / Flight Attendant, Pilot / Co-Pilot, Other Airline Professional, Architect, Interior Designer, Landscape Architect, Animator, Commercial Artist, Web / UX Designers, Artist (Others), Customer Support / BPO / KPO Professional, Beautician, Fashion Designer, Hairstylist, Jewellery Designer, Designer (Others), IAS / IRS / IES / IFS, Indian Police Services (IPS), Law Enforcement Employee (Others), CxO / Chairman / Director / President, VP / AVP / GM / DGM, Sr. Manager / Manager, Consultant / Supervisor / Team Leads, Team Member / Staff, Lecturer, Professor, Research Assistant, Research Scholar, Teacher, Training Professional (Others), Civil Engineer, Electronics / Telecom Engineer, Mechanical / Production Engineer, Non IT Engineer (Others), Chef / Sommelier / Food Critic, Catering Professional, Hotel & Hospitality Professional (Others), Software Developer / Programmer, Software Consultant, Hardware & Networking professional, Software Professional (Others), Dentist, Doctor, Medical Transcriptionist, Nurse, Pharmacist, Physician Assistant, Physiotherapist / Occupational Therapist, Psychologist, Surgeon, Veterinary Doctor, Therapist (Others), Medical / Healthcare Professional (Others)
Annual Income
INR 2 lakhs to 4 lakhs
diet excludes all meat, fish and dairy products as well as any food derived from a living animal such as eggs. A Vegan person is a strict vegetarian, who
eats only foods of plant origin
Veg, Jain, Vegan, Include profiles who are Eggetarian
Don't include profiles who smoke
Never Drinks
Body Type
Skin Tone
Premium Service
Premium Members are entitled to view horoscope details.
Upgrade Now
Premium Members Benefits
To access
profile at Shaadi.com type the link below in your browser window:


text:
Pro-abortion advocates' mantra has long been, framed from a woman's point of view, "My body, my choice." But the sincerity of this argument is again being called into question, this time by a phenomenon on college campuses whereby increasing numbers of students accept "post-birth abortion."
Following a firestorm of backlash from across the political and cultural spectrum, Houston Mayor Annise Parker has dropped her legal efforts to force a group of area pastors to hand over their sermons and other private communications.
A U.S. group that monitors the church in China has reported that, according to Christians in the country, the communist government continues its aggressive crusade to stifle Christian worship and culture.
A federal judge appointed by President Jimmy Carter has ruled against a lawsuit filed by a group of homosexuals trying to overturn laws in Puerto Rico that ban same-sex marriage.
A longtime North Carolina judge has resigned his position rather than be forced to perform same-sex marriages against his Christian convictions.
David P. Barash, a professor of evolutionary biology at the University of Washington, makes it a point at the beginning of each academic year to lecture his students on what he considers to be the basic premise underlying his biology course: that science and religion are totally incompatible.
There are, of course, many who insist that conferring legitimacy on same-sex marriage is perfectly proper, even overdue. Permit this writer to label the idea absurd, even an attack on civilization itself.
It happens more than the pro-abortion community would like to admit: Doctors advise parents that the baby the mother is carrying will be born with tragic abnormalities and should be aborted — but then, miraculously, the baby is born completely whole and healthy.
While President Barack Obama said, during his first presidential campaign in 2008, that he thought marriage was strictly between one man and one woman, he now has confidently stated that same-sex marriage is guaranteed under the "equal protection" clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Another school district has caved in to the intimidation of atheists demanding that religious sentiment be obliterated from the sight of students.


text:
Attend our next university-wide graduate open house or an information session held periodically in the nursing office in Auerbach Hall.
In a rapidly changing healthcare environment, there is a compelling need for nurse leaders in all aspects of health care. The Nursing Management curriculum focuses on principles of leadership and administration with specific emphasis on application to nursing. The program provides a theoretical and practical approach to prepare nurses for advanced positions of nurse leaders/managers in acute care, long-term care, and community settings.
Through scholarly projects, creative partnerships with faculty, clinical experiences, and selection of relevant cognate courses, you have the opportunity to personalize your program of study to meet your individual career goals.
You can complete your degree in 2,3, or 4 years on a part-time basis depending upon whether you enroll in one or two courses each semester and summer.
Accreditation The Nursing program in the College of Education, Nursing and Health Professions, RN to BSN and MSN, is fully accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE), One Dupont Circle, NW, Suite 530, Washington, DC 20036-1120, telephone 202.887.6971. It is also approved by the State of Connecticut Board of Governors for Higher Education.


text:
SHAZAM BOLT$ is also designed to further SHAZAM's fraud-prevention efforts by alerting cardholders directly to potentially fraudulent activity on their accounts. The alerts are generated any time a suspicious purchase is detected; including purchases above amounts specified by the cardholder, card-not-present transactions and/or suspicious or high-risk transactions on their account. These nearly real-time email alerts will help halt fraud attempts more quickly, by alerting cardholders via a communication vehicle they use every day. Along with limiting fraud losses, this direct line to cardholders will also improve customer service.
The launch of SHAZAM BOLT$ supports a concept many in the FI community understand – cardholders are often the first line of defense against card fraud. Therefore, FIs should enlist the help of their cardholders by educating them on important (and simple) steps they can take to help boost fraud prevention.
Encourage your customers to:
- Call their community bank or credit union before they travel, so the FI will know to expect unusual charges
- Check their balances often
- Report any transactions (no matter how small) they don't recall authorizing
- Take advantage of transaction alerts, like those available through SHAZAM BOLT$
Better helping customers understand their opportunities to identify fraud not only minimizes the risk of fraud losses; it empowers them to stand a chance against the criminals targeting their hard-earned money.


text:
Home >> ALEC Still Under Siege >> ALEX
About Matt Vespa
I'm a staunch Republican and a politics junkie who was recently the Executive Director for the Dauphin County Republican Committee in Harrisburg. Before that, I interned with the Republican Party of Pennsylvania in the summer of 2011 and Mary Pat Christie, First Lady of NJ, within the Office of the Governor of NJ in 2010. I was responsible for updating his personal contact list. My first political internship was with Tom Kean Jr's. U.S. Senate campaign in 2006.
Related Posts
Ayn Rand, Freedom and "The Virtue of Selfishness"
July 31, 2015
Trump sees best .. and worst numbers in new poll
July 31, 2015
America – Founded in Liberty, Now Mired in Tyranny
July 31, 2015


text:
Nit Picky Lice Removal service is safe and effective. 100% guaranteed.
We are the first original mobile lice removal service in Nevada. Our head lice treatment is a safe and effective way to treat head lice. We will send a certified lice specialist directly to your home in any city located within the Las Vegas or Reno, Nevada area.
The specialist will screen all family members and treat those who need to be treated with our non toxic lice treatment process. We bring the lice salon to you!
Call us for more information or to schedule an appointment...........................(702) 920-0928
Nevada Lice Removal Location
Northern California
Atherton, Antioch, Auburn, Berkeley, Cambell, Citrus Heights, Concord, Cupertino, Danville, Davis, Fairfield,Fair Oaks, Fremont, Folsom, Granite Bay, Halfmoon Bay, Hayward, Lincoln, Livermore, Los Altos Hills, Los Gatos, Gilroy, Modesto, Monte Sereno, Morgan Hill, Mountain View, Oakland, Orangevale, Pacifica, Palo Alto, Placerville, Pleasant Hill, Redwood City, Rocklin, Roselin, Sacramento, San Francisco, San Jose, San Mateo, San Ramon, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Saratoga, Sausalito, Stockton, Sunnyvale, Tiburon, Vallejo, Watsonville, Woodland, Woodside, and surrounding cities.
Boulder City, Desert Hills, Henderson, Lake Mead, Las Vegas, Mesquite, Reno, Rhodes Ranch, Spring Valley, and Summerlin
Portland, Cedar Hills, Forest Grove, Fairview, Gresham, Milwaukie, Happy Valley, Hillsboro, Beaverton, Troutdale, and the Metropolitan Area and Surrounding Cities. Washington mobile head lice removal service available in: Vancouver and surrounding cities.
Southern California
Beaumont, Beverly Hills, Big Bear,Bradbury, Bonsall, Burbank, Calabasas, Camarillo, Carlsbad, Carmel Valley, Cathedral City, Cerritos, Chatsworth, Costa Mesa, Corona, Coto De Caza, De Luz, Del Mar, Encinitas, Encino, Escondido, Fallbrook, Fullerton, Garden Grove, Granada Hills, Hemet, Hidden Hills, Huntington Beach, Indio, Irvine, La Mirada, Lake Elsinore, Laguna Beach, Laguna Hills, Laguna Niguel, La Jolla, Malibu, Menifee, Mira Mesa, Mission Viejo, Moorpark, Murrieta, Newport Beach, Norco, Oceanside, Ojai, Ontario, Orange County, Orange, Oxnard, Pala, Palm Springs, Pasadena, Pechanga, Porter Ranch, Poway, Rancho Bernardo, Rancho Santa Fe, Rancho Palos Verdes, Redlands, Riverside, Rolling Hills Estates, Solano Beach, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Juan Capistrano, San Marcos, Santa Barbara, Sherman Oaks, Simi Valley, Tarzana, Temecula, Thousand Oaks, Yorba Linda, Yucaipa, Valley Center, Ventura, Victorville, Vista, West Lake Village, Whittier, Woodland Hills, and surrounding cities.
Washington Coming Soon!


text:
Texas on the Potomac
Washington news with a Texas accent
Posts filtered on Tag
Texans tallying totals for presidential nomination vote
The counting has begun for Texas GOP leaders who are canvassing delegates and getting a final tally before the presidential nomination roll call vote at the Republican National Convention later this week. There are 304 delegates and alternates representing the Lone Star State at the convention in Tampa — but it's not clear how many will end up voting for presumptive GOP nominee Mitt Romney and how many will end up in Rep. Ron Paul's camp. [Read More]


text:
- ‹
- 12 of 15
- ›
- Start Over
Brightened-Up Living Room
A tailored white sofa, glass and chrome tables, cow-hide rug and pale-green walls combine elegantly in this design.
Decorating with pale greens and yellows injects summer style, while mirrors, glass and chrome keep the look sophisticated.
Comment Guidelines
We welcome your feedback on Houseandhome.com. H&H reserves the right to remove any unsuitable personal remarks made about the bloggers, hosts, homeowners and/or guests we feature. Please keep your comments focused on decorating, design, cooking and other lifestyle topics. Adopt a tone you would be willing to use in person and do not make slanderous remarks or use denigrating language. If you see a comment that you believe violates any of the guidelines outlined above, please click "Flag as inappropriate." Thank you.


text: At the opening Faculty/Staff brunch held Monday, August 15, 2011, President Richard Stratton recognized several faculty and staff named below for their years of faithful service to the Clearwater Christian College family. The luncheon kicked off inservice activities for the 2011-12 school year. Dan Wareing and Craig Ralston provided special music and President Stratton gave a scriptural challenge for the upcoming year. The brunch was held in the Cathcart Dining facility and was catered by Orange Blossom Catering of St. Petersburg. 30 Year Recognition Mr. Brian Johnson Assistant to the Director of Admissions 20 Year Recognition Miss Beth Darby Assistant to the Vice President for Academic Affairs Dr. Ian Duncan Chair, Division of Business Dr. Phil Larsen Chair, Division of Education Mrs. Sandra Lockhart Cathcart Hall Receptionist Mrs. Karin Puckett Financial and Information Coordinator 15 Year Recognition Dr. Jan Anderson Professor of English Dr. Robert Cundiff Professor of Communication Dr. Dwight McEntire Professor of Accounting and Business Mrs. Bonnie Valentin Assistant to the Registrar Mr. Joe Valentin Director of Ancillary Services 10 Year Recognition Mrs. Vicki Livingston Director, Human Resources Mr. Ryan McClure Accounting Manager Mr. Richard Schlosser Chief of Campus Security 5 Year Recognition Miss Sandra Draper Assistant Professor of Mathematics Mr. Steve Haught Graphics Designer Mrs. Jeanne Johnson Food Service Staff Mr. Paul Schmiel Assistant Bursar Print Article


text:
Welcome to Fort Meade
Welcome to Fort George G. Meade, Maryland, an installation dedicated to providing quality support to service members, Department of Defense civilian employees, family members, and military retirees. Every day, more than 100,000 people seek the services Fort Meade offers. Its primary mission is to provide a wide range of services to more than 90 partner organizations from the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines and Coast Guard, as well as to several federal agencies including the National Security Agency, the U.S. Army Recruiting Command, the Defense Information School, the Defense Courier Service, the U.S. Army Field Band and most recently the U.S. Cyber Command.
Fort Meade is truly a million-dollar community.
Fort Meade is conveniently located between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore. The installation lies approximately five miles east of Interstate 95 and one-half mile east of the Baltimore-Washington Parkway, between Maryland State routes 175 and 198. Fort Meade is located near the communities of Odenton, Laurel, Columbia and Jessup. With approximately 52,000 employees, Fort Meade is Maryland's largest employer and is the third-largest workforce of any Army installation in the U.S.
Temperatures range from a mean daily maximum of 85 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer to 30 degrees Fahrenheit in the winter. In the winter, the average monthly snowfall is four to 10 inches. In the early stages of the season, springtime is accompanied by high winds and moderate thunderstorms and summers are moderately hot and humid. Autumn is pleasant with temperatures ranging as high as the mid-60s.
In addition to the many recreational activities available on Fort Meade, the region itself is full of interesting places to visit. You can tour the historical sites of Annapolis; visit the White House in Washington, D.C.; or attend a football, basketball or baseball game with one of the many professional and college teams in the Maryland, D.C., and Northern Virginia areas.
We hope your stay here will be enjoyable and your tour of duty professionally rewarding.
newcomer's information


text:
LYNCHBURG, Va. (WTVR) — Search crews looking for missing teenager Jamisha Gilbert discovered the body of a black female, police announced Wednesday. Police have not yet positively identified the body discovered about 10:30 a.m. in the woods near Route 460 and Concord Turnpike in Lynchburg.
"The area is being treated as a crime scene and is being thoroughly processed by Lynchburg Police Department and Virginia State Police crime scene technicians," Lynchburg Police Lt. Dave Gearhart said. "The body of the deceased female will be sent to the Roanoke Medical Examiner's Office for positive identification."
Gearhart said search crews would remain in the area and continue investigating the crime scene.
Jamisha Gilbert, 18, was last seen Friday.
Gilbert's car was located along Concord Turnpike in Lynchburg last week. Police said it looked like the Honda Accord had been involved in a crash, but it was unclear whether Gilbert in the vehicle at the time.
Police called Gilbert's disappearance suspicious, and said they had not uncovered any links between Gilbert and Alexis Murphy. Murphy, who lived about 30 miles away, disappeared over the summer.
Lynchburg Police asked anyone with information to call 434-455-4090.


text:
Fungal meningitis cases continued to rise nationally as a woman in the Spartanburg area reportedly was being evaluated for symptoms of the rarely-seen, potentially deadly illness thought to be related to tainted pain medicine.
Also, a woman who died of fungal meningitis Sept. 30 after receiving a spinal steroid shot for back pain was reported to be the stepmother of a Mount Pleasant resident, Jill Cary Bloser. A memorial service was held Tuesday for Lilian Cary, 67, of Howell, Mich. Her husband, George Cary, told reporters he received similar injections for back pain from possibly-tainted steroids but still is awaiting the results of a spinal tap last weekend, the Associated Press reported.
A phone message left at Blosers home seeking comment was not immediately returned. Her Facebook page featured a photo of Bloser and her mom with accompanying condolence messages.
So far, South Carolina has had no confirmed cases of fungal meningitis, but 12 people in the Charleston area who received spinal injections of a suspect steroid have been referred for a lumbar puncture to test for the presence of the illness.
Read more in tomorrows print editions.
Notice about comments:
The Post and Courier is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. Some of the comments may be reprinted elsewhere in the site or in the newspaper. We ask that you refrain from profanity, hate speech, personal comments and remarks that are off point.
We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click the X that appears in the upper right corner when you hover over a comment. This will send the comment to Facebook for review. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.


text:
Use Office shapes and SmartArt to spice up such business docs as presentations, fliers, conceptual graphics, and even Venn diagrams, org charts, and more.
Get a new Microsoft Office tip every Tuesday. Take a five-minute break to improve your productivity and efficiency.
Ensure that everyone can access, use, and benefit from your Microsoft Office documents by implementing these accessibility best practices from David Rivers.
Take the rich features and productivity power of Word, Excel, and PowerPoint on the go with Office for iPad and iPhone.
Take a look at suite-wide enhancements like cloud integration, Touch Mode, PDF editing, and Ribbon customization, as well as individual app improvements added to Office 2013.
"I send my customers to you all the time to learn. If I had more time in the day I would live on your site!" —Alan B.
more from our members »


text:
I was just at Trump Tower on Fifth Avenue meeting with Donald Trump and arguing over his brand value. It occurred to me that the would-be president was to be a grandfather any day now. I asked him when his daughter, Ivanka, who is expecting her first child with husband Jared Kushner, is due.
"Today," said Trump. "Or tomorrow. Any minute, really. She's here, though, want to see her?"
Really? I mean, I know the Trump kids work hard — I've seen it first hand. But Ivanka, 29, really doesn't need to be putting in any overtime. Her father is Donald Trump. We may disagree about his brand value, but the man's a billionaire. Her husband, Jared, is also a real estate mogul.
"I'll show you," said Trump. "She's at a meeting."
Sure enough, he took me to the conference room downstairs and there was Ivanka, head of the mahogany table, surrounded by seven or eight men in suits. Facing a pile of files, she wobbled up to say hello — water literally about to break.
So you heard it here first. Ivanka and Jared's first born child, a girl, will be born any minute now. Ivanka, her dad assures me, will be back at the office within two days of giving birth.


text: Whats New Air Rifles Rimfire Rifles Centrefire to 6.5mm Centrefire from 270 Target / Tactical Military Rifles / Militaria Lever / Black Powder Pump / Semi-autos Left Handed Guns Featured Articles Shotguns Handguns Scopes / Optics / Sights Ammunition / Reloading Parts / Accessories Looking For Whats Sold Place Your Ad Calibre/Item: 22 Long Make: Henry Pieper Model: Belgium Leige Action: Single Shot Hammer Scope: Field Instruments 275-S Serial No: NSW43814 Condition: Very Good Price: $310 Advertised: 12/11/2013 Licence number: 444-631-10B Phone: 0357298369 Comment: This little rifle is a joy to use and is very accurate. Overall weight with scope and rings is 1.412kg. Barrel is part hexagonal with a capped threaded muzzle. Australian made scope. Pics upon request. Transfering dealer: Adventure Camping and Fishing 14 Rowan St. Wangaratta Vic State: VIC Your email address: * Comments/Questions: Verification Code 62333 : Please Enter the Number Above :


text:
Spring is slow coming this year, but as a result we recently had on our carport/roof/feeder a huge flock of redpolls, the sparrow-like birds which "irrupt" every other year or so from the far north. They have a red top knot (hard to see in poor light) and the males have a pink breast.
We've never had as many migrating juncos, which everyone knows because of the white-sided tails that flash when they fly. As of April 21 a number of them are still coming in every day. If you look with binoculars at the beak you will see that it is clearly pink! And even without binos you can tell the dark grey, almost black ones, the males, from the females which are lighter grey/brown.
On that nasty day of "winter mix" a couple weeks ago it was amusing to watch the juncos skating on the invisible ice covering the sloping tin roof. There was a great flapping of wings and spreading of tails as they tried to keep their balance, but they managed to keep feeding, not seeming to get irritated as most of us would have. When the sleet got thick the redpolls did a two-foot hop back to scrape down to the seed. A song sparrow, that very hardy, early singer, took advantage of the seeds that day too.
A brilliant-white-morph white-throated sparrow has been visiting too, unusual for us. Today a tan-morph fed at the same time, the stripes on the head being buff instead of white. Both have a beautifully white bib. These two are probably a pair as they breed here in the spring, but the very odd thing about these two versions of the species is that it is not a case of the male having the brilliant white stripes, the female being duller. (The stripes, that is.) Both genders can be either morph, but they always choose the opposite form for their mate. How do they know which one they are so they know to choose the other morph?? I don't think this puzzle has been solved.
(Continued on Next Page)
Prev Next
More like this story
Use the comment form below to begin a discussion about this content.


text:
We are looking for software reviewers to write for us.
Click Here
Gtm Transposer is a song/music transposer. With it's ease of use and simple style, you will be transposing songs at first use. Transposer is not just a song/music transposer but also a learning tool that will help you learn to transpose songs without the need of charts, wheels, software or other devices.
The main Transposer screen presents you with two rows of Radio buttons. One is the "Transpose From" the other is the "Transpose To". Check the radio button beside the key the song is played in then check the radio button beside the key you would like to play it in. A row of chords in each key will appear above and below an arrow line. Look at the song you need to transpose and follow the chords. Each chord will have the transposed chord below it.
The "TEST" icon will take you to an area where you can test your ability to transpose a song from memory which is not that difficult once you get the hang of it. You will learn to transpose from the key of G to the key of D, A, C, E, F and B. Type your chords in the field boxes. You don't have to worry about capitolization After typing the last chord in the entry box the ANSWER button becomes enabled. Press it to see if you made all the correct choices. The test area also has the "Show" "Hide" help box that will guide each step.
Keywords: music, song, transposer, transpose, charts, wheels, a, b, c, d, e, f, g
Recent Changes: Test yourself to see how well you can transpose a song without the help of a chart.
Install Support: Install and Uninstall
Supported Languages: English
Additional Requirements: Windows 98, Me, XP, XP Pro, 2000, Vista. 10MB hard drive space, 256MB Ram recommended, Mouse
Home | Featured | Submit | Link To Us | Contact Us | FAQ | About Us | Advertise
Copyright © 2006-2015, by Software Reviews, All rights reserved. Privacy statement | Terms of use


text:
This event shines a light on the rapid rise of mass movements powered by hyper-connectivity that brings true believers together to spread their ideas.
The event is nearly sold-out, but a FEW TICKETS ARE STILL AVAILABLE --- please click the "Attend" button on the right to purchase your ticket.
One Stamford Forum
201 Tresser Boulevard
Stamford, CT, 06904
United States
201 Tresser Boulevard
Stamford, CT, 06904
United States
- Event type:
- Standard (What is this?)
Speakers may not be confirmed. Check event website for more information.


text:
One obstacle to increased use of E85 will fall when Underwriters Laboratories begins certifying fuel dispensers, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory researchers are contributing data that could fuel the process. While E85, an alcohol fuel mixture, can help meet the goal of displacing 20 percent of gasoline with biofuels within 10 years, there must first be assurances that the dispensing equipment is safe. Consequently, UL, North America's leading safety testing and certification organization, recently announced the establishment of safety requirements. ORNL's Ron Graves of the lab's Engineering Science and Technology Division is leading a team conducting long-term dynamic testing of materials to be used in E85 dispensers. The concern focuses on potential deterioration of materials exposed to highly concentrated ethanol-blended fuels. Other partners in this UL-funded project are the Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
We're always happy to get feedback from our users. Please use the Comments form to send us your comments, questions, and observations.
Follow us on social media:


text:
By Paul Adkins
Sports Editor
Logan County's three high school football teams will have its final preseason tests on Saturday as Logan, Man and Chapmanville are set to play in their last scrimmage games.
Logan High School is set to head to Ravenswood on Saturday as the Wildcats are slated to scrimmage against the host Ravenswood Red Devils and the Herbert Hoover Huskies — a pair of Class AA teams.
Man High School is also in action on Saturday as the Hillbillies are set to play in the Midland Trail Gridorama.
Chapmanville Regional High School also is slated to close out preseason play with a contest on Saturday at Class AAA Lincoln County.
No starting times were announced.
All three teams opened preseason play last week.
Logan hosted Class A Tug Valley last Saturday night, while Chapmanville battled it out with the Poca Dots in the inaugural Cardinal Conference Gridorama at Mingo Central's Buck Harless Stadium.
Man was also in action last Saturday as the Billies traveled to Charleston to square off with the 3A George Washington Patriots at the GW football field on the school's South Hills campus.
All three squads saw some positive signs from the preseason clashes.
Logan had its way against the Panthers, striking for a 70-yard touchdown pass from quarterback Ryan Miller to Josh Rein on the first play from scrimmage. The Wildcats also scored early with a 7-yard TD keeper by Miller and a 65-yard touchdown run by freshman QB Noah Corbett.
Chapmanville reached the end zone against Poca in its scrimmage with junior tailback Devin Wiley's 5-yard touchdown run. The Tigers' defense was particularly good against the Dots, putting pressure on Poca's quarterback and holding firm on the first three series of 10 downs.
Man held its own against the Triple-A George Washington Patriots but allowed several touchdowns.
The Billies are scheduled to open the 2013 regular season on Aug. 30 at home against rival Logan.
Man is hoping to bounce back this year after three straight losing seasons, including last year's 2-8 mark.
Logan was 7-3 last season and enjoyed its third straight winning season but missed the Class AAA playoffs as the Cats were ranked No. 17 in the final WVSSAC Computer Ratings. The top 16 teams in each classification qualified for the post-season.
Logan has won the last three meetings with Man, including last year's 33-0 victory at home. The Billies last beat the Wildcats in 2009 with a 34-7 blowout over LHS. That year, Man went 12-2 and advanced all the way to the Super Six at Wheeling Island Stadium.
Man often had the upper hand against Logan in the historical series between the two county rivals. Logan, though, leads Man 10-3 in the series since 2000. Logan coach Gary Mullins, entering his 10th season this fall, is 6-3 against Man.
Chapmanville is set to open the regular season on Aug. 30 as well as the Tigers are slated to host Sissonville in a Cardinal Conference contest.
CRHS was 4-6 last year and hope to turn things around this fall. Sissonville won 40-21 over the Tigers last season.


text:
Gear Review
My first experience with merino wool was about 3 years ago and it was with these tights and all I can say is that they are amazing! I have worn them probably about 100 times and they are still holding up, I usually just wear these and my ski pants while skiing and they are perfect but on really cold days 10 degrees and below I have to put on a heavier layer.
View More Details on Ibex Zepher Long Johns Bottom - Men's