text:
How bad is "MacGruber," the new comedy based on Will Forte's "Saturday Night Live" character, which is itself based on the '80s TV action show MacGyver?" Universal Pictures didn't hold screenings for press until four hours before the movie's premiere. Also, one of the recurring jokes is that male characters walk around naked, except for a celery stalk hanging from their backside. Even co-star Val Kilmer, in his interview with Speakeasy, offered strange praise, saying "I'm proud of how bad this is film is." Reviewers aren't seeing it that way. Here's a sampling:
- "Forte doesn't try very hard to make sense of a character who is a complete dolt most of the time but has a few ninja-like moves up his sleeve, and the movie's scoffing tone doesn't make this contradiction part of the fun, as the first "Austin Powers" film did. But then, nobody involved seems to have those kind of aspirations for "MacGruber," a jerry-rigged contraption whose rubber-bands-and-baking-soda construction is lucky to work once and then fall apart." [John DeFore, Hollywood Reporter]
- "He's not a likable oaf but a loathsome creep who does things that aren't amusing over and over (like playing Big '80s power ballads on his car stereo, then removing it from the dashboard). "MacGruber" never comes close to making even a mildly satiric point — at the expense of, for instance, the patriotic mid-'80s American he-man flick — because it's so focused on silly clothes and butt jokes." [Kyle Smith, New York Post]
- "Maybe watching Forte run around with a stalk of celery up his ass isn't your idea of fun. So be it. As our hero says, "One person's problem is another person's no problem at all." I'd call it classic MacGruber." [Peter Travers, News in Film]
For the latest entertainment news Follow @WSJSpeakeasy


text:
A method for use in a wireless communication system with a network overlay geolocation system having a sparse deployment network in which base stations of the wireless communication system may or may not have a co-located wireless location sensors (WLS). The method enables detection and measurement of a target mobile's signal independently from a primary WLS located at the base station serving the target mobile, which enable location estimated in previous "no location" areas. The method selects based on predetermined criteria from one or more of several techniques that aid in the detection and determining a location for the target mobile. The method selects from timing advance, power levels, pattern matching, EOTD, speed, and pseudo range measurements to estimate the location of the mobile. The method also uses ambiguity function processing to detect the signal and measure an attribute of the signal.
1. A wireless communication system having a plurality of base stations, for communication with one or more mobile appliances, and a network overlay geo-location system having a plurality of wireless location sensors for providing location measurements, the improvement comprising, wherein one or more of the plurality of wireless location sensors are geographically separated from one or more of the plurality of base stations served by the one or more wireless location sensors.
2. The wireless communication system of
3. In a geographic area served by a wireless communication system having a sparse network overlay geo-location system in which a primary wireless location sensor associated with a serving base station provides information about a signal received from a mobile appliance to another wireless location sensor as to enable the another wireless location sensors to measure an attribute of the signal, a method of locating the mobile appliance independently from the primary wireless location sensor comprising:
performing ambiguity function processing using known data sequences in the signal and the signal received at the another wireless location sensor;
measuring an attribute of the signal at the another wireless location sensor; and,
estimating the location of the mobile based at least in part by measured attribute.
4. In a wireless communication system having a base station in communication with a mobile appliance a method of determining the location of the mobile appliance comprising
providing a plurality of wireless location sensors geographically separated from said base station; and,
independently configuring the plurality of wireless location sensors to provide a coverage area substantially similar to a coverage area of the wireless communication system.
5. The method of
6. In a wireless communication system having a sparse deployment of wireless location sensors wherein one or more base stations of the wireless communication system are not associated with a co-located wireless location sensor, a method of detecting and measuring an attribute of a target signal independently of a WLS co-located at the serving base station comprising:
receiving the target signal in one or more neighboring WLS; and,
performing ambiguity function processing using known data sequences in the target signal and the received target signal.
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. In a wireless communication system having a sparse deployment of wireless location sensors wherein one or more base stations of the wireless communication system are not associated with a co-located wireless location sensor; a method for estimating location a mobile appliance in a sparse WLS deployment system wherein the number of WLS detecting and measuring an attribute of a signal of the mobile appliance is less than a predetermined number necessary for estimating a location, comprising:
selecting one or more location surfaces determined as a function of one or more in the group comprising a timing advance of the signal, a relationship between the transmitted power of the signal and the received power of the signal, the speed of the mobile appliance and, a second signal transmitted to the mobile appliance in a frequency band different from the signal, and EOTD data; and,
estimating the location of the mobile appliance based on the measured attribute of the signal and the one or more location surfaces.
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. In a wireless communication system having a sparse deployment of wireless location sensors wherein one or more base stations of the wireless communication system are not associated with a co-located wireless location sensor and wherein a geographic area served by the wireless communication system has a no location area, a method of determining the location of a mobile appliance comprising:
determining if the mobile appliance is in the no location area, and;
using enhanced observed time difference EOTD to estimate the location of the mobile appliance.
18. The method of
19. In a wireless communication system having a sparse deployment of wireless location sensors wherein one or more base stations of the wireless communication system are not associated with a co-located wireless location sensor; a method for estimating location a mobile appliance in a sparse WLS deployment system wherein the number of WLS detecting and measuring an attribute of a signal of the mobile appliance is less than a predetermined number necessary for estimating a location, comprising:
obtaining a set of candidate measurement data selected from the group of signal strength, timing advance, cell site hearability, sector hearability, adjacent cell site power measurements, multi-path signature and TOA measurements;
comparing the set of candidate measurement data with a set of predetermined measurement data; and,
determining the location of the mobile appliance based on the comparison.
20. The method of
21. The method of
22. The method of
23. In a wireless communication system having a set of base stations for communication with a mobile appliance, the set of base stations having a first subset of base stations having co-located wireless location sensors and second subset of base stations without a co-located wireless location sensor, a method of locating a mobile appliance served by one base station in the set of base stations comprising:
receiving a location request;
determining the subset of the one base station;
if the one base station is a member of the first subset;
receiving a signal from the mobile appliance at a primary wireless location sensor co-located with the one base station;
distributing information bits associated with the signal from the mobile appliances to secondary wireless location sensors to assist in acquiring the signal from the mobile appliance;
measuring an attribute of the signal at the primary and secondary wireless location sensors; and,
determining a location for the mobile appliance based at least in part on the measured attributes;
if the one base station is a member of the second sub set;
selecting one or more steps from the group comprising;
performing ambiguity function at the secondary wireless location sensors on known data sequences in the signal to detect signal and measure an attribute of the signal,
extracting the timing advance and determine a surface based on the timing advance;
retrieving power measurements at the mobile appliance of adjacent cell from the Abis monitoring unit and form location surfaces from the power measurements;
performing pattern matching to compare sets of measurement data with sets of predetermined data;
performing pseudo-range measurements from timing signals transmitted in RF bands from the forward link transmission, wherein the RF bands are not the same as the signal and;
using differential Doppler techniques, and fading envelope detection techniques enabling known roadways to be used as surfaces of position for location; and
determining the location of the mobile appliance based at least in part on the one or more steps.
The present application is related to and co-pending with and claims priority benefit of applications titled "A NETWORK OVERLAY GEO-LOCATION SYSTEM WITH SMART ANTENNAS AND METHOD OF OPERATION" SN#, "A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ENHANCING THE ACCURACY OF A LOCATION ESTIMATE" SN#, "NETWORK OVERLAY LOCATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR AIR INTERFACE WITH FREQUENCY HOPPING" SN#, "A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE MULTI-PATH DELAYS IN A SIGNAL USING A SPATIALLY BLIND ANTENNA ARRAY, SN#, And "WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORK MEASUREMENT DATA COLLECTION USING INFRASTRUCTURE OVERLAY-BASED HANDSET LOCATION SYSTEMS" SN#, filed Oct. 16, 2003, the entirety of each of these applications is incorporated herein by reference.
The present application is co-pending with and claims priority benefit of provisional application titled "System and method for enhancing location accuracy of mobile appliances in sparse network deployment" Ser. No. 60/480,735 filed Jun. 24, 2003, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The use of wireless communication devices such as telephones, pagers, personal digital assistants, laptop computers, etc., hereinafter referred to collectively as "mobile appliances" or "mobiles", has become prevalent in today's society. Recently, at the urging of public safety groups, there has been increased interest in technology which can determine the geographic position, or "geo-locate" a mobile appliance in certain circumstances.
In the United States, mobile wireless appliance locating equipment is being deployed for the purpose of locating wireless callers who dial 911. Other services in addition to emergency call servicing are contemplated and are referred to as location based services (LBS). Wireless location equipment is typically employed as an overlay to wireless communication networks, thus forming a network overlay geo-location system.
In operation, these network overlay location systems take measurements on radio frequency (RF) transmissions from mobile appliances at base station locations surrounding the mobile appliance, and estimate the location of the mobile appliance with respect to the base stations. Because the geographic location of the base stations is known, the determination of the location of the mobile appliance with respect to the base station permits the geographic location of the mobile appliance to be determined. The RF measurements of the transmitted signal at the base stations may include the time of arrival, the angle of arrival, the signal power, or the unique/repeatable radio propagation path (radio fingerprinting) derivable features. In addition, the geo-location systems may also use collateral information, e.g., information other than that derived for the RF measurement to assist in the geo-location of the mobile appliance, i.e., location of roads, dead-reckoning, topography, map matching, etc.
In a network-based geo-location system, the mobile appliance to be located is typically identified and radio channel assignments determined by (a) monitoring the control information transmitted on radio channel for telephone calls being placed by the mobile appliance or on a wire line interface to detect calls of interest, i.e., 911, and (b) a location request provided by a non-mobile appliance source, i.e., an enhanced services provider. Once a mobile appliance to be located has been identified and radio channel assignments determined, the location determining system is first tasked to determine the geo-location of the mobile appliance and then directed to report a determined position to the requesting entity or enhanced services provider.
The monitoring of the RF transmissions from the mobile appliance or wire line interfaces to identify calls of interest is known as "tipping", and generally involves recognizing a call of interest being made from a mobile appliance and collecting the call setup information. Once the mobile appliance is identified and the call setup information is collected, the location determining system may be tasked to geo-locate the mobile appliance.
In the normal course of operation, the GCS is tasked by an outside entity, e.g., the Mobile Positioning Center ("MPC") 40, to generate a location estimate on a particular mobile appliance. The tasking is accompanied by information on the mobile of interest including the serving base station and sector for the call and the RE channel (frequency, time slot, CDMA code, etc.) being used by the wireless communications network to complete the wireless connection. Once the GCS receives this tasking, based on the serving sector, it tasks a set of WLS units to make measurements on the RF emissions of the mobile. The WLS units make the measurements, and report them to the GCS. The GCS then computes a location estimate using a mathematical or data matching algorithm. Alternatively, control signaling on RF or wireline interfaces used to set up calls in the wireless network may be scanned to detect the placement of a call of interest. The signaling that occurs on the RF control channel may be used to determine location, or call setup/channel assignment parameters may be extracted from the control massaging to determine which traffic channel to use for location related measurements.
Network overlay location systems typically locate a mobile appliance on the traffic channels of a wireless network. The system typically uses sensors employing techniques of Time Difference of Arrival ("TDOA") supplemented with Angle of Arrival ("AOA") in some cases to perform a multi-site location computation. The traffic channel assignment information is provided through a separate process, with one option being a wireline interface providing MOBINFO S-41. Mobile Information) parameters passed by the Mobile Positioning Center 40 as part of the GPOSREQ (J-SID-036 Geolocation Position Request) message from the MPC 40 to the GCS 50.
A network overlay system is generally composed of two main components, one component which resides at the base station that makes measurements on an RF signal emanating from a wireless device with the WLS 30, and the other component which resides at a mobile switch that tasks the geo-location sensor groups to collect data and then uses the data to compute a location estimate. This component is generally referred to as the Geo-location Control System 50 ("GCS").
Techniques used to locate (AOA, TDOA, etc.) are all described in prior art. One facet of their operation that is important is the process whereby one site, the WLS co-located with the serving base station, is designated as the primary, and it sends information bits relating to the sample of the received signal to the other sites designated as the secondary sites to assist the secondary sites in increasing hearability of the signal of interest to make location related measurements. Various methods have been developed to define and coordinate the tasking, detection and reporting functions. One such method is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,327,144 to Still which is hereby incorporated by reference.
In general, network overlay geolocation systems are deployed at virtually all base station sites to achieve a desired accuracy. A specific problem in prior art methods is that a primary wireless location sensor must be located at the serving base station. Because of cost and other reasons there is now a desire to put WLS equipment into a subset of the base station sites (sparse network deployment) and still maintain high location accuracy.
In general, network overlay location systems use location related measurements from many sites to estimate the location. For example, in GSM systems typically 6 or 7 sites participate in the location estimate. One effect of not having a WLS at every site is degradation of location accuracy. For some air interfaces, this may be problematic. For example, in AMPS and TDMA where the occupied bandwidth is small, the error associated with location estimates where the number of participating sites is reduced becomes unsatisfactory. Air interfaces such as GSM and CDMA do not suffer from this, and mobile appliances operating in these air interfaces are wider bandwidth and/or frequency hopped. These features allow the TDOA or AOA surfaces generated to be less corrupted by multi-path (multi-path can be better resolved in the time domain), and therefore, even with fewer surfaces, the location estimates are generally acceptable.
Another effect of the sparse overlay is "no location areas". "No location areas"are those areas in which a minimum number of WLS cannot detect or measure an attribute of a signal such that the geo-location system cannot estimate a location. Mobile appliances are power controlled by the wireless network. This means that the mobile's transmit power is changed by the network so that that minimum power is transmitted to achieve an acceptable communications link (i.e., the voice quality is acceptable). When a mobile appliance moves close to a base station site, the required transmit power for an acceptable communications link is reduced to a small value. This power control is well known in the art and is desirable because it diminishes co-channel interference and adjacent cell interference where channel reuse is employed and prolongs the battery life of the mobile appliance. However, if the base station that is serving the mobile appliance does not have WLS (due to the sparse deployment), then there is no WLS to "hear" the mobile at the serving site, and the neighboring site WLS units may not be able to hear the mobile because of severe power control resulting in low transmit power. The result is of this phenomenon is a series of "no location areas" surrounding the base station sites without WLS equipment due to the sparse overlay.
Therefore in order to obviate the deficiencies of the prior art it is an object of the present disclosure to provide a novel method for geo-location in "no location" areas.
It is also an object of the present disclosure to provide a novel method of detecting the target signal independently of a primary WLS.
These objects and other advantages of the disclosed subject matter will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains from a perusal or the claims, the appended drawings, and the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
The present disclosure is directed towards methods to provide location related measurements in the "no location areas" as described above.
The disclosure presents various solutions that obviate the deficiencies in the prior art. The disclosure envisions all combinations and permutations of the following techniques in order to determine a location estimate. The disclosure also envisions use of the following described techniques individually or in combination conditioned on determining if a location hole exists," no location" area, or not at all sites or some designated by different conditions. Conditions used as selection criteria include proximity, heard or not heard signal, signal quality, etc.
One location determining technique available for "no location" areas is the use of known data sequences (such as training sequence codes) in the transmission and having sites perform ambiguity function processing to detect a signal. This approach requires no data to be sent from primary site to secondary site. This technique is advantageous in sparse geo-location deployments as many of the "no location areas" are created by the absence of a primary WLS that provides information to assist neighboring WLS's in detection and measurement of the mobile's signal. In addition to a priori known data sequences, information bits derived from an Abis monitoring unit can provide data bits (known data sequences) to perform ambiguity function processing.
The timing advance (TA) of the signal can also provide a location surface for use in no location areas and can be generated independently of the WLS. A determination or reception of the TA permits a computation of the radius or surface about which the mobile is likely located.
In a GSM system, for example, the mobile is expected to transmit three time slots subsequent to receiving data from the base. If there were no propagation delay, the mobile transmission then arrives in a certain time window that excludes arrivals from other mobiles. As the mobile moves farther away from the base, if no adjustment were made for the finite propagation delays on the transmissions in both directions, the mobile transmissions of distinct mobiles could and likely would overlap in time. This overlap causes undesirable interference. A resolution to this problem is derived by forcing the mobile to transmit with an attributable delay, a TA commensurate with the propagation delay. In GSM systems the base transmits a TA parameter to the mobile appliance. The TA parameter is the time by which the mobile needs to advance its transmission so that the base can avoid inter-mobile interference in time due to varying propagation times.
The base station computes and adjusts the TA parameter so that the mobile transmission falls into a desirable location in the time domain. Ideally, the TA parameter adjusts exactly for the round trip propagation delay. The current value of the TA parameter is transmitted to the mobile within the layer 1 header of the Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCR). In addition the BTS transmits the applied TA value to the BSC within a MEAS_RES message. Of course, other methods of managing and disseminating the TA are envisioned and are not meant to be precluded from operation with the disclosed subject matter.
An exemplary TA parameter can be set in the integer range 1 to 63 which corresponds to time increments of (48/13) microseconds. The steps are hence of the order of 1100 meters or resolution, and the maximum TA value corresponds to where the one way propagation delay for the mobile is equivalent to a radial distance of 35 km from the base for the exemplary GSM system described.
Another technique to assist in determining location in the "no location area" is to use Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD) data derived from the Abis monitoring as a source to produce a surface.
EOTD is a well known and described location technique whereby timing measurements are made on forward link transmissions by the handset and passed to a central site to calculate a location using TOA or TDOA methods.
EOTD operates by making timing measurements on forward link signals with known data sequences. For GSM, the timing measurements are made on the BCCH (Base. Station Control Channel) channels. The timing measurements are forwarded via data links from the handsets to a location process or where the timing measurements along with the locations of the source base stations allows a location estimate to be made. One key component of the EOTD approach is the step of "synchronizing" the time base at the transmitting base stations. In general, GSM base stations are not locked to a high accuracy reference; therefore, the timing measurements made by the handsets are not referenced to a common standard. To create the common reference, EOTD depends on measuring the forward link timing from multiple base stations at known locations. The WLS perform this function. Additional refinements of the EOTD method have eliminated the use of the WLS by synthesizing the base station common reference by taking repeated over-determined timing location estimates on handsets.
An additional method operable in embodiments of the current subject matter to assisting in determining a location estimate in the "no location areas" as envisioned in this disclosure is the use of adjacent cell power measurements taken from the target mobile, as captured by the Abis monitoring unit.
The GSM mobile is required to transmit the current power level used in the SACCH layer 1 header on each uplink channel. The power level dissipates as a function of approximately the distance squared (1/D2). Therefore, knowledge of the power level of the transmitting mobile and the power level of the received signal and approximation of the distance between the BTS and the mobile appliance can be obtained.
Given the mobile'ss transmit power and its observed receive power, the known equivalent distance can be calculated and used to determine a surface or a solitary location hyperbola derived from when two sites can hear the mobile appliance
Pattern matching techniques are also operable in embodiments of the current subject matter in that they can compare sets of measurement data that by itself could not be used to ambiguously locate a mobile. Location of the mobile could be derived from the best fit of measurement data to theoretical propagation models or actual drive test data. Candidate measurement data may include all sources mentioned here such as received signal strength, timing advance, cell site hearability, sector hearability, adjacent cell site power measurements, multi-path signature based on relative levels of power, delay, frequency, and angle, and traditional time of arrival measurements.
Another technique available for no location areas is to configure the mobile appliances to allow pseudo-range measurements to be taken from timing signals transmitted in other RF bands, such as IS-95 and 1�RTT (1� Radio Transmission Technology) forward link transmissions that are synchronized to GPS. Since the forward signals are synchronized to GPS, the mobile appliance can generate a range estimate that can be used as a location surface. The range thus is independent of WLS measurements.
The speed of the mobile appliance can also be used indirectly to provide a location surface. Using differential Doppler and fading envelope detection techniques, the speed of the mobile appliance can be determined in relationship to the base stations or WLS. If the speed is above a threshold, for example 55 MPH, the geo-location system can infer that the mobile appliance is on high-speed roadways, and therefore use high-speed roadways in the cell coverage area as surfaces of position for location.
Network design measurements can also be taken to avoid creation of no location areas. WLS can be deployed at non-base station sites as location only measurement units that are geographically positioned to provide broad coverage, such as high altitude sites with broad antenna elevation patterns. The WLS can be patterned to provide coverage similar to the host wireless network and thus any call initiated within the network coverage area would be within the coverage area of the WLS network.
Embodiments of the present subject matter are operable in sparse network deployments where some but not all of base station have co-located WLS and thus "no location" areas are generally more of a problem. In general, the geo-location system attempts to locate a mobile appliance by receiving a signal from the mobile appliance at the primary wireless location sensor. The primary wireless location sensor typically is one co-located with the serving base station. As mentioned above since the base station controls the power of the mobile transmissions, the co-located primary WLS is in the best position to collect a strong signal.
Embodiments of the disclosed subject matter attempt to generate a location estimate for the mobile appliance using TOA, TDOA or AOA. The inability to determine a location estimate or the system knowledge that the serving base station is not equipped with a co-located WLS is an indication that a "no, location" area exists, and the geo-location system then selects from the available techniques, described above; to generate additional location surfaces. The additional location surface or surfaces along with surfaces generated in the first attempt relating to TOA, TDOA or AOA are used to generate a location estimate. The number of techniques uses in a function of the number of additional location surface required to generate a location. For example, where a TDOA surface has been generated, only one additional surface may be needed to estimate a location or more thin one additional surface may be needed to meet accuracy requirements. However, if no surfaces are available from the first attempt to generate a location estimate, several of the techniques may be needed.
The selection criteria used in embodiment of the disclosed subject matter can be as varied as the techniques are used. For example, the techniques requiring a modified mobile appliance, such as for generating a pseudo range, if the mobile appliance in question is not of the proper type, the corresponding technique would not be selected. The selection criteria may also be a function of the number of cell sites that hear the signal (hearability), the number of cell sites heard by the mobile appliance, a predetermined sequential hierarchy, or a operator defined hierarchy.
If it is determined in Block 202 that the base station does not have a co-located WLS, the geo-location system selects one or more steps in to obtain a location estimate as shown in Block 207. These steps are implementations of the techniques describe above. The steps are selected based on selection criteria A location estimate is then determined based at least in part on the one or more steps selected as shown in Block 208.
While preferred embodiments of the present inventive system and method have been described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are illustrative only and that the scope of the embodiments of the present inventive system and method is to be defined solely by the appended claims when accorded a full range of equivalence, many variations and modifications naturally occurring to those of skill in the art from a perusal hereof.
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Joined: 26 September 2008
Posts: 28133
The following 10 member(s) liked the above post:
Nimz-KMH, arshiyaa, sam111222, violette, pavs, Quirky, natz, christiandior., --Ari--, shibz,
Joined: 16 April 2008
Posts: 14257
After her stint on Colors' Jhalak Dikhhlaa Jaa Season 7, there is a ...
Actress Mrinalini Tyagi who is fun loving and happy go lucky girl, ...
Disclaimer: All Logos and Pictures of various Channels, Shows, Artistes, Media Houses, Companies, Brands etc. belong to their respective owners, and are used to merely visually identify the Channels, Shows, Companies, Brands, etc. to the viewer. Incase of any issue please contact the webmaster.
Popular Channels :Star Plus | Zee TV | Sony TV | Colors TV | SAB TV | Life OK
Quick Links :Top 100 TV Celebrities | Top 100 Bollywood Celebs | About Us | Contact Us | Advertise | Forum Index


text:
|Microtel Inns Mckinney properties are provided below. Search for cheap and discount Microtel Inns hotel prices in Mckinney, TX for your personal or business trip. We list the best Microtel Inns Mckinney hotels/motels so you can review the Mckinney Microtel Inns hotel list below to find the perfect place.
This site will also show you discounted Mckinney, TX hotels/lodging that get similar quality scores of a Microtel Inns.
Need a group/meeting discount? Request a group rate for Mckinney TX
All Microtel Inns in or near Mckinney
More Microtel Inns properties for Mckinney
Comparable hotels to Microtel Inns
Next: Show All Available Comparable Hotels with Pricing >


text:
Viewers: in countries Watching now:
In this course, professional audio engineer Scott Hirsch shows how to create an evocative sound mix for a film or video, built from basic audio collected during the shoot and transformed into a final mix using Pro Tools 9. This course shows how to set up and optimize a Pro Tools session template for projects with unique requirements, record Foley and ADR audio, layer sound effects, perform corrections such as noise reduction and pitch shifting, mix for stereo and 5.1 surround sound, and finally, how to format and deliver the finalized mix, whether destined for DVD, movie theater, broadcast, or the web.
When we work with digital media, there are few constants we must consider. Number one, hard drives fail. Number two, a project is never finished even when you think it's done. In this movie, we'll work through a few simple ideas about how to back up your Pro Tools sessions as you work as well as how to archive your project after its completion. The best way to back up a Pro Tools session is to copy the session folder to another hard drive. This can be managed by software which keeps track of any changes and syncs these changes in a future backup. There are a number of low-cost softwares that do this such as SuperDuper on the Mac platform or for Windows you have Backup and Restore as part of the Windows platform or Norton 360.
As you can see here SuperDuper is really useful for doing incremental backups. But you can also back up manually. The first time you back up your session, you want to copy the session folder to another hard drive. So here in my Exercise Files in 10_01 I've copied this whole session file over to another disk under _BACKUPS. So I did that yesterday when I was done working and here's my session from yesterday. Now today, as you can see I did some changes and I added some audio files and I've already done a Save As and I've named it 10_01.2. So that's the second version of this session.
But remember, I also have added some audio files. So to make my today's session backed up into that backup location I would open up _BACKUPS folder on the right, and I've got my original session here on the left. What I want to do here is just go into that session and I am going to take a couple of things. I am going to take my new session file and just drag that in there. That's really small. I am not sure which of these audio files are new, but the Mac Finder will help us decide this.
So if I select all of them and go ahead and drag them all to the Audio Files folder and drop them in there, it will give me this dialog box. It will say, Do you want to replace any old files with the ones you're moving? And we're going to say Apply to all and say Don't Replace. So we are only going to be adding any new ones we've added. It brings in the three new files and then we're done. So we've backed up our newest session file and any new audio files and we can be finished with backing up for the day. Now, the other question you'll ask is what to do with old projects? I always give my clients a copy of the Pro Tools session for their archives.
That said I still like to archive the old projects myself. So I'll copy the whole session to a completed projects folder when we are done working. After maybe six months I'll think about consolidating the projects a little for space. So let's say I wanted to consolidate this project that we're working on here. It's been six months and it's been sitting on my backup drive, but I'm thinking I need some room on my drive. I don't need to keep everything. What can I get rid of effectively to still have the things I might need later? Number one, fade files.
You can get rid of any fade files. You just can grab them and you can even grab the whole folder and just Command+Delete, toss in the trash. This is pretty non-destructive because the next time I open this Pro Tools session, Pro Tools can regenerate any fades. There weren't that many in this folder. But on a larger session there could be megs and megs of just fade files that you can effectively get rid of. Another thing that's usually safe to get rid of are your video reference files. Believe it or not, they are just scratch files here. The filmmakers themselves are going to have the actual real video files which you can always get back for them if you need it.
It's usually somewhat safe to get rid of video files and the other bonus about this is that video files are usually very big compared to audio files. So they're good thing to get rid of. Next, you can go into the session itself. So here in the session and if I look in the Regions file list over here, I can select anything that's unused. So here I have a lot of unused files that are not being used in the current timeline. Now, you have to be really careful that you opened up the final version of your session and you can select these unused files and if you're feeling pretty cavalier that you're ready to dump some stuff here, you can go to Clear.
Then you can delete any files not used in the final version. Again, I qould say this is kind of a last resort. You definitely don't want to get rid of stuff that you might need later. One other thing you can do is you can select all the media in your project that's being used, and you want to actually just do like a Select All and maybe take the all group and drag across your entire project. So you get all your regions that are being used in the timeline. Then you can go up to that same pull- down menu and here you can say Compact. Again, this is a pretty destructive thing.
What it does is it looks at all your different regions and it truncates them. So it cuts off anything beyond the region boundaries. You can give yourself one second or three seconds handles on the end of each region, but other than that, it's going to knock off anything outside the region boundaries that are being used in the timeline. So again, that's kind of a last resort type thing. If you're really out of drive space, you can do that. But it is a way that will conserve some space on your archived projects. So a couple of other things that we should think about when we're talking about archiving is definitely name your archives and your sessions meaningfully with the dates, so you know what they are 5 or 10 years down the road and also you want to migrate your archived data to new hard drives every few years because hard drive failure is no joke.
These techniques have saved me a lot of time. So if you do this long enough, you'll inevitably have to go back into a session you thought you've finished and pull something out. So be careful about what you get rid of and remember these days hard drive space is cheap. Your work is worth it! So keep track of what you do and archive responsibly.
Find answers to the most frequently asked questions about Audio for Film and Video with Pro Tools .
Here are the FAQs that matched your search "" :
Sorry, there are no matches for your search "" —to search again, type in another word or phrase and click search.
Access exercise files from a button right under the course name.
Search within course videos and transcripts, and jump right to the results.
Remove icons showing you already watched videos if you want to start over.
Make the video wide, narrow, full-screen, or pop the player out of the page into its own window.
Click on text in the transcript to jump to that spot in the video. As the video plays, the relevant spot in the transcript will be highlighted.


text:
Posts Tagged 'jens'
A few years ago, Jens gave me a CD with some files on it that I needed for a school project. Also on the CD was a folder titled "NASA – 1172 Pictures (Black Magic Alchemy Illuminati Nwo)."
Knowing what I did about Jens at the time, I wasn't super surprised. I also thought that the contents of the folder were awesome and, for the most part, exactly as advertised: over 1000 old-school space and rocketry pictures. There are photos of astronauts, galaxies, and the earth from space. There are diagrams of rocket trajectories, and landscapes of the moon and mars.
Some of them seem to be pictures from magazine articles, while others seem to be scans of official slides. They're all amazing.
When I asked Jens where he got them, he said he didn't even know about the folder, and that he'd originally gotten the CD from another friend of his.
Wherever they came from, they were too awesome to keep bottled up on a hard drive and I decided to upload them to Flickr.
I think that anyone who has been blogging for a significant amount of time understands the concept of blog fatigue. You get tired thinking up new posts all the time; you wonder where it is all leading. It has happened to me a few times.
In fact, when I first started to write the title to this post, I thought it felt awfully familiar. Then I remembered that I wrote a similar post almost exactly two years ago ("BlogCampaigning Is Back") where I said that "Jens has been trying to sort out his life back in Germany, and Espen pretty much went AWOL in Norway."
Some things never change, eh?
The good news is that after a month of contemplation, I've added a fresh coat of paint coding to the ol' blog, I've got some good posts lined up, and we've even got a new author starting in the next week or so.
Added on to the fact that Heather and I both started new jobs, Jens is almost finished his thesis and it seems like a pretty good time to get a fresh start.
Thanks for continuing to read BlogCampaigning!
Now that I moved to Berlin I pretty much come across art at every corner. Although digital art isn't really that publicly present. And it is difficult to sustain this art due to rapidly changing technologies.
Of course this is a problem of all digital media. Photos for example, the collective memory of generations, tend to be more and more digitalized with no-one knowing whether the formats will still exist in 100 or even 50 years (on the other hand the redundancy of pictures is also increasing, e.g. whenever I shot photos of a party I send them to my friends or upload them on Facebook). This issue gets even more problematic with digital games. Here the main problem is the ever changing hardware. Since the first games we saw dozens of different platforms games could be played on (and do you know where your first console went?).
But then there are still emulators, programmed by enthusiastic individuals (and not by game libraries), but also here several problems evolve. First of all in most cases it's illegal to play games with the help of these programs (unless you own them of course) and we don't experience these games as we have experienced them in the past since we don't play them on the original hardware and without the old input devices.
Since it's the destiny of every hardware to cash in the chips one day (no pun intended) and we don't have any retro specialists who are able to copy whole chips we are very likely to lose something very interesting. But as problematic as emulators are – at least they keep something of the game alive; artifacts of a culture which carry ideas and world views, which get lost just like old movies. Movies which couldn't be archived and will never be seen again.
Which made me wonder: Wouldn't one way to preserve digital art be to allow it to run on console hardware? Maybe the console makers could open up some art corner, a (peerreviewed?) museum in the Playstation "Home", a (peer-reviewed?) arts channel on Xbox Live (maybe XNA offers really interesting opportunities in that it turns out to be a viable toolkit for digital artists). And then in 15 years you not only download Bioshock to play on your Xbox 360 emulator, but also the incomparable weird and thought challenging art of my friend Jason Nelson – at a point when the PC based software of that time is long outdated and nowhere to be found, respectively incapable of working on any modern computer. Not an ideal solution though, considering that digital art often also involves unusual forms of input and that converting a PC based program to a console format is involving (especially without development kits). So the console makers would have to play along, but the question is in how far they want to contribute to future emulation now that the commercial interests for retro software grows strongly.
All in all: A step in the right direction– on a path littered with the stones of commercial imperatives.
I finally ended my love-hate relationship with the Gold Coast and moved back to Germany – the country with one of the strictest videogame laws in the world. If games burned as well as books I'd probably be able to witness quite some bonfires.
So what are the reasons for the Teutonic paranoia and the accompanying hysterical public discourse?
First of all new technology is always cause for suspicion since it challenges our usual ways of life; also: things that we don't quite comprehend always cause fears, this is even more true for technologies that convey popular forms of culture: "As Bourdieu… has observed, the denigration of the popular may be understood in terms of its impenetrability. Consequently, popular forms are frequently presented as uncouth, dangerous and harmful by those lacking the knowledge and strategies to make sense of them" (Newman, James: Videogames). Then there's of course the "hangover" from WWII which causes the public resepectively the political establishment to view violent games or games that glorify military endeavours very sceptically.
But I think there are deeper sociocultural reasons. As Norbert Elias explains in his book "The Civilization Process" the German bourgeoisie of the 18th century was unable to exercise political influence and had to find other ways to claim a form of power. It sought legitimation through scientific and artistic achievements which stood in stark contrast to the supposedly superficial values of the ruling noble classes (based on ceremonies and shallow politness based on French patterns). Through this the bourgeois element of the society gained self-esteem although it was still unable to get involved in the political process. But the bourgeoisie was allowed to commit itself to writing and to the education of the self; a vent beyond politics and economics that created a typical German intelligentsia – which in turn became the carrier of the national self-esteem and, very late, the ruling class, turning its social character into the national character. Even though something like a "national character" is always a false, since invented construct I think Elias gives an interesting hint at the possible source of resistance towards forms of popular culture.
As Bourdieu points out, highbrow culture is not open to everyone, one needs special tools to understand it (tools delivered through education) and as "cultural capital" it is also closely to the exercise of power. Popular culture on the other hand has to be necessarily open to everyone, it's based on a broad appeal and therefore doesn't allow any distinction from other classes or groups, denying the whole basis of the bourgeois legitimation.
Now if you look into German media history popular culture always had an especially difficult time, digital games just being latest victim. In the 19th century cheap pulp novels were shunned, when movies were introduced scepticism arose (one of the catchwords here: the cinema reformation movement), the same happened with television, video tapes etc. (the exception here is radio whose introduction was forced by the Nazis who were devoid of any highbrow cultural ethos).
What's interesting here is that this attitude prevailed despite generational changes and changing political attitudes. Take Theodor Adorno for example, one of the main figures behind the German 1968 student movement. In his despise for popular forms of expression (which he saw as a vehicle for hegemonic values and surpression; as standardized culture that intensified the commodification of artistic expression) he's not much different to conservative disdain for mass culture (see e.g. John Sinclair's text in The Media and Communications in Australia, 2002); a 2007 study by the German Sinus-Sociovision-Institute found that postmaterialists and conservatives (= the influential parts of society) both value intellectuality, education and literariness and use these values for self-definition despite having fought an intense cultural war.
Such an attitude of course prevents an involvement of the bourgeois deciders with digital games, the consequence of this "media-incompetence" being fear. While younger Germans posses the knowledge to make sense of digital games and their surrounding culture the political elites don't, the consequences being ridiculously strict laws and a lack of support for the industry.
While this might (over)simplify the matter I think it's worth to follow this lead, and I'll try to elaborate on this matter in later posts after sighting some more literature.


text:
Free Weekly Newsletter
Join thousands of design-conscious readers for exclusive offers, gardening inspiration and innovative design solutions for enjoying outdoor spaces.
Sign Up Today
* Required
We will never sell or distribute your email to any other parties or organizations.
This year, 68-year-old Swiss architect Peter Zumthor takes a turn. His matte black windowless rectangle, 18 feet high and covering just over 4,000 square feet, doesn't shout its presence; it is a long, low box sitting quietly among the trees. However, it is as striking in its simplicity as his austerely beautiful Therme Vals in his native Switzerland and the concrete oblong of the Bruder Klaus Chapel in Germany—designs that won Zumthor an international reputation and the 2009 Pritzker prize for architecture.
Within Peter Zumthor's stark, monastic creation for London's Serpentine Gallery, a garden designed by Piet Oudolf breaks out in a frenzy of shapes and colors.


text:
"Your Self-realization is the greatest service you can give to the world"
Living with an open Heart.
We organize regular silent meditation retreats and spiritual tours to Peru.
We invite you to watch the retreat video and see why doing a spiritual retreat in Peru is one of the greatest gifts you can give to yourself.
(C) 2013 MeditationRetreatPeru.com | Follow Stephan | Page Design by NewRise Web Development
Powered by Web Assistant


text:
T-Mobile G1 Review – Android User Interface
Review of the Android powered T-Mobile G1. Full review: www.mobileburn.com
Review of the Android powered T-Mobile G1. Full review: www.mobileburn.com
gonna buy one just a little bit more money cause i fucking lost my legend god damn u thief!!!!!
I miss my g1 SOOO much i wish i could get another one
@hhokyo i agree with you but the g1 is kinda ugly haha
but, will it blend? I DONT THINK SO, LOOK THAT BRICK
Ight thanks buddy!
g1 all depends on you buddy but considering dat i have it yes it kiks iphones ass(no offense but android hello) umm well with a two year contract i say around $150. sorry buddy no luck you hafta buy it at a t-mobile store becuz it is carried by t-mobile. but i guess you can buy it online at ebay and stuf…
Is this phone good? How much is it? WHere can I buy it instead of T-Mobile store? Would anyone recommend it?
Android is an OS, not an UI, so i don't think so because almost all of the HTC phones are Windows Mobile.
ya u kann i have a G1 but i dont need a data plan i have wi fi in my house so i use dat. so u can as long as u use wi fi
can you download this Ui on any htc phone?
god i nearly regret i bought an ipod touch when i saw this one can you have like the same apps that iphone/itouch on this mobile? seems so cuz they showed pacman, now i dont now anything about the phone in this vid but it seems a lot better than the iphone
actually tha iphone can have a back ground yu jus have to jailbreak it.
does any one kno if i can get the g1 with out a data plan just a basic plan???
Windows Mobile OWNZ
Just got mine, pretty impressed with it so far, only thing i hate is the snapping sound it makes when u open it to use the keyboard and of course not having a 3.5 mm for regular headphones.
dnt read this(cuz it really wrks). u will gt kissd on the nearest frieday by the love of ur life. 2mara wll b the bst day of ur life hwever if you dnt post ths comment 2 at least 3 vids u will die withn 2 days nw uv startd readn this dnt stp this is so scary snd ths ovr 2 5 vids in 143 mins
Spongebob, do you realize how dumb that comment sounded? The G1 has essentially all the same apps, so it's likely just as fun, wouldnt you think? Dohhhh
does any one know where to go to complain about there false advertisements ? was told i was going to be able to swap phones now there giving me ahard time and wont so dissapointed
i personally think the G1 is weird looking but the apps are pretty cool.
Iphone's are wayyyyyyy better beacause it's a nice looking fun and has nice apps.
G1 actually HAS a keyboard. Iphone has the laggy pice of shit virtual keyboard. Not only that, the iphone cant even have a background. its just black. wtf is that. G1 has scroll wheel, call button, end button, home, back, menu, and iphone has….. nothing. G1 costs 25 a month for 400 text and unlimited 3g, or unlimited everything for 35 bucks. Iphone costs 35 for 200 text and 3g. G1 focuses on camera shots, iphone does not, cuz it doesnt have a camera shot button. G1= win, iphone = mega fail.
well, if u were smart enough, u can make ur own ringtones like me.
LMAO i love the passion behind your words lol the only let down IMO is the fact that there isn't a 3.5mm headset jack; thats it, its still a badass phone. also, the trackball is as valuable as any other feature on this phone too!
its the copy of the IPHONE
Agreed. I don't get the deal with iTunes. USB cable and file system access is all I need.
And the android is OPEN SOURCE, backed by a huge community of developers(including myself) with unlimited potential.
i regreet so much not getting this phone and i really regret it
insted i got a behold
and i should of gotten this one inted it has so many features to it


text:
By Sgt. Mike Pryor, USASpecial to American Forces Press Service
BAGHDAD, Oct. 24, 2007 When students at the Yarmook Girls' School in Baghdad's Sadr City neighborhood returned from summer vacation last month, they found that their school had received an extreme makeover thanks to the government of Iraq and the U.S. Army.
U.S. soldiers and Iraqi National Police visited the recently renovated school Oct. 22 to see the improvements and hand out backpacks and soccer balls to the students.
The renovations to the school totaled $200,000 of improvements, including a new roof, a new lighting system, repairs to cracks in the pavement and stairs, and a paint job, said Glen Allen, Va., native Capt. Alex Carter, a U.S. Army civil affairs team chief who helped oversee the project.
Nine other schools in Sadr City also have been renovated over the past few months, as part of the same program that refurbished the Yarmook Girl's School, Carter said. The school improvement program was made possible by cooperation among the Ministry of Education, the local neighborhood councils, school officials, the Iraqi National Police, and the U.S. Army's 1st Squadron, 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment, which operates in the Sadr City area, he said.
"What makes this special to me is that this really validates how effective we are working with the Iraqi police in Sadr City," Carter said.
The top Iraqi police official present at the school visit, Brig. Gen. Ali Ibrahim Daboun, commander of 8th Brigade, 2nd Iraqi National Police Division, said he also was pleased by cooperation between the Iraqi government, the Iraqi security forces, and the U.S. military.
He said he hopes that the school improvement program would show the 2.5 million residents of Sadr City that they are a priority of the Iraqi government.
"In the past, they were neglected, but the new government will serve them," he said.
(Army Sgt. Mike Pryor is assigned to 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division.)


text: Kings center Anze Kopitar to the rescue … or something like that. Kopitar pronounced himself good to go for Tuesday night's game at Colorado, the first stop of a three-game trip for the Kings. He suffered a sprained right knee a little more than two weeks ago playing in Sweden during the lockout.


text:
Sometimes, you hear a diagnosis that hits you hard. A doctor says your aging loved one has dementia.
Sometimes, you just know something is wrong, it's not getting better, and the only thing doctors say is "memory loss" or " mild cognitive impairment" (MCI). Does it matter what they call it?
Not much.
What does matter is that you don't get sucked into denial and pretend that everything is going to be the same from now on.
Unfortunately, we don't get a course in school telling us what to do and how to be helpful when an aging parent develops dementia. We may not even be clear about what the word means. A startling reality is that by the time a person is 85 years of age, the odds of developing Alzheimer's Disease, presenting as dementia, are about one in two.
Dementia is a symptom of brain disease, often Alzheimer's Disease. We don't have a cure and we don't know the cause. We have good ideas about how to prevent it, but it's too late for prevention when your aging loved one already has significant problems with memory loss. There is no medication that changes the overall course of the disease, though some medications provide temporary improvement in short term memory.
I was having lunch with a friend whose Mom has dementia. My friend asked, "What can I do for my Mom? She lives so far away. My sister is taking care of her. My Mom is difficult. I feel useless."
We talked over what she could do. It's much like my work at AgingParents.com, coming up with a strategy. Here's the gist of our lunch table conversation.
If you want to "do something", develop a clear idea about what that means. You do need a plan. Here are some suggestions:
Pitch in. Make sure your sister does not have to carry the caregiver burden all by herself. It's a heavy load. Give her some encouragement, appreciation, or relieve her yourself when you can, on a regular basis.
Take on a task long term. If paying bills for Mom is easier than getting on a plane or driving long distances to visit, then offer that help. Managing property, bookkeeping, communicating with essential people, doing banking, getting prescription refills and other chores can often be done online or by phone. You can "do something" even if you live far away.
Think creatively about things your Mom might enjoy and offer to do them when you visit Mom. Suggestions for caregivers are available through caregiver organizations, such as the Alzheimer's Association Alzheimer's Association. Educate yourself about what is fun for a person with Mom's problems.
Be sure the legal paperwork is in order. Before too much time passes, Mom may not be competent to sign anything. Take the lead and find out if your loved one's legal documents, such as Durable Power of Attorney, Will, Trust, and advance healthcare directive are up to date and signed.
Avoid criticizing your sister, no matter what. She may not be perfect at the job, but there is nothing more disheartening to a caregiver in the daily grind of the job than to hear fault-finding from a sibling who isn't doing the work. If you think more help is needed, offer to give it, pay for it, or find it.
Be a good listener. If your other family members are on site and doing the hard work of day to day caregiving, you can check in on a regular basis and let your sibling or other family members vent. It costs you nothing. It requires no more than a patient attitude and the will to show your support by asking how things are going. This can be more helpful than you realize. Watching a parent in decline is often sad. Talking about the emotions involved can relieve everyone's stress.
So, for anyone who also feels useless in the face of a parent's dementia, there is a way to become useful. You don't need a special skill or expertise. You'll need to learn about what is needed, be wiling to extend yourself, and stick with your efforts. If you do, you'll look back on this time in your life without regret. Life without regrets is indeed a worthy goal.
- Page 1 / 2
- Continue


text:
|Page: 1 of 1
|Sort By:
Hostel IDEL is located in Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico, Surrounding by breath taking vegetation landscape, hostel IDEL is the best option in Cuernavaca locate at just 15 minutes walking from the downtown facilities including Swimming pool private rooms
ENCUENTROS immersion Spanish focuses on students who need Spanish for professional purposes or other specific reasons such as travel in Spanish-speaking countries. Fun, effective communicative approach. Weekend excursions. Homestays recommended.
Horseback riding tours true all Mexico.Our affiliate companies offer all inclusive service including the cavalcades,transportation. 3 level skills.
Learn Spanish in Cuernavaca, Mexico at Cross Cultural Training. Take Spanish lessons online and improve your language skills. Immerse in a new culture. Travel by Mexico and learn a language.
The owner ,designer/craftsman, built this stunning bed and breakfast in the heart of cuernavaca and shares it with discriminating travelers who appreciate unique details and tranquility. A gourmet chef prepares your breakfast daily.
Morelos, Mexico Vacations - Travel guide to Morelos, Mexico accommodations and vacation packages. Visit Morelos, Mexico for getaways and adventure travel. Plan your Morelos, Mexico vacation today.


text:
Bridge to Terabithia Movie Posters
Synopsis: An 11-year-old boy's life is changed forever when he befriends the class outsider—who happens to be a girl. Together Jess (Josh Hutcherson) and Leslie (AnnaSophia Robb) create the world of Terabithia, an imaginary kingdom filled with giants and trolls and all manner of magical beings.
While the real world of family and school may be filled with difficulties, in Terabithia they rule as King and Queen. When an unexpected tragedy occurs, one of them will have to pull all the strength possible from the great legacy of Terabithia.
Based on the Newbery Medal-winning novel by Katherine Paterson.
Bridge to Terabithia Movie Posters
Cast: Tyler Atfield, Josh Hutcherson, Annasophia Robb, Zooey Deschanel; Directed by: Gabor Csupo


text:
ADF Power Services Inc
Independent Agent
Landstar Carrier Group
Frequently Asked Questions
Do you provide Sales Leads? No, the primary responsibility of a contracted sales agent is business development. With a little imagination and google.com you will be able to create unlimited sales leads
Why do I have to pay a start up fee? It would be impossible for us to contract with, teach, train, and mentor every individual that contacts us wishing to be a freight broker sales agent. The startup costs establish a barrier to entry, and allows the new sales agent to demonstrate a willingness to invest in themselves.
Is this a freight broker school? No, ADF Power Services is direct representative of Landstar. As a satellite sales agent you too will represent Landstar.
Where will the training take place? Your Landstar sales agent training will take place in your home on your schedule. Training is provided via recorded web based modules. Training modules may be view as many times as necessary.
Do you provide sales support? Yes. We could never train you in every possible scenario of truckload transportation. Inevitably your customers will ask you questions that will exceed your knowledge base. We want to ensure that you have every advantage to get the business. Our staff will work with you and your customer to assist in securing the business.
Can I hire employees? Yes, this is your business and you may hire as many staff members as you deem necessary to run your business effectively.
Do I need to have a toll free telephone number? No, all Landstar drivers are required to carry a cellular telephone. Toll free numbers are a thing of the past.
Am I responsible for paying drivers or carriers for hauling loads? No, this is considered back office support, and is not the responsibility of the satellite sales agent.
Will I be financially responsible for unpaid or uncollectible freight charges? No, this considered back office support, and is provided through ADF Power Services, and Landstar.
Do I need to have established relationships with trucking companies? No, the Landstar fleet consists of nearly 8,000 drivers, plus over 25,000 approved brokerage carriers.
ADF Power Services Inc PO Box 7; Auburndale, FL 33823 PH 321-221-7200 FX 321-221-7655
Web Hosting powered by Network Solutions®


text:
An article called a tibbidy is disclosed to be attached to an outer garment and provide comfort and protection to the person wearing the garment when the person chooses not to wear inner- or undergarments beneath the garment. The article is a lightweight flexible fabric pad which is configured to conform to the inner surface of a garment, such as the inseam and crotch of a pair of pants or the axillary area of a shirt garment. The product has a soft comfortable top layer, optionally an intermediate supporting layer for the top layer, and an adhesive layer for adhesion to the inner surface of the garment. The product exists in various embodiments, some of which are specifically configured for use by women, others for use by men, and others of a "unisex" configuration for use by both men and women.
1. An underwear substitute article, comprising:
a flexible pad comprising four integral parallel equal-length elliptical segments each terminating in independent opposing lobes projecting perpendicularly away from a centerline of the flexible pad, the flexible pad having a top layer with a napped top surface and an integral woven bottom layer, the integral woven bottom layer having an adhesive backing;
wherein when the flexible pad is adhered to a crotch of an inner surface of a garment, the centerline of the flexible pad is aligned with an inseam of the crotch, the independent opposing lobes of the four elliptical segments are adhered to the inner surface of the garment on opposing sides of the inseam, and the independent opposing lobes flex independently of one another as the inner surface of the garment flexes.
2. An underwear substitute system, comprising:
an outer garment having an inner surface with a crotch and an inseam; and
a flexible pad adhered to the crotch of the inner surface of the outer garment, the flexible pad having a centerline aligned with the inseam of the outer garment, the flexible pad comprising:
four integral parallel equal-length elliptical segments each terminating in independent opposing lobes projecting perpendicularly away from the inseam of the outer garment;
a top layer with a napped top surface; and
a woven bottom layer integral with the top layer, the woven bottom layer having an adhesive backing;
wherein the independent opposing lobes of the four elliptical segments are adhered to the inner surface of the garment on opposing sides of the inseam; and
wherein the independent opposing lobes flex independently of one another as the inner surface of the garment flexes.
This application claims the benefit of Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/693,341, filed on Jun. 23, 2005, of similar title.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention herein relates to clothing for men and women, and in particular relates to an article or device to be attached to an outer garment and provide comfort and protection to the person wearing the garment when the person chooses not to wear undergarments (or other inner garments) under the outer garment.
2. Background of the Invention
Current clothing fashions, particularly for women, often dictate tightly fitting, low slung and/or low-rise outer garments, particularly pants or shorts. Wearing of such garments often causes portions of the wearer's underwear to be exposed or revealed as the wearer walks, bends, or otherwise moves about. In other instances where the wearer's undergarments (underwear) are not directly revealed, tightly fitting or thin fabric garments frequently reveal the outline of the undergarments, commonly referred to as disclosing a "panty line." This exposure or outlining of the undergarments is considered objectionable by many wearers. In order to avoid the exposure or outlining of undergarments, minimal sized undergarments such as thong undergarments have been marketed and used by many wearers. However since even such minimal undergarments are subject to exposure or outlining, although to a lesser degree than regular undergarments, such exposure or outlining is still considered objectionable by some wearers.
In addition, there are persons who for reasons of perceived comfort or simply personal preference do not like to wear undergarments. Thus, whether for personal choice, comfort, appearance or other reasons, numerous people have elected to dispense with the wearing of undergarments entirely, to the extent that dispensing with the wearing of undergarments has recently become a significant social trend, and is commonly referred to as "going commando", "freeballing" or "freebuffing." See, for instance, published reports in the "Wikipedia" on-line Internet encyclopedia at http://www.answers.com/topic/going-commando and in Cosmopolitan magazine (p. 186: August 2005).
However, those who have dispensed with their underwear frequently have found that direct contact of sensitive areas of the person's skin which are thus placed in direct contact with the inner surface of the person's outer garments may become irritated, such that the person finds it uncomfortable to have dispensed with the undergarments. At least one commercial product has been marketed which purports to address the problem of discomfort when one dispenses with undergarments. That product is intended to be attached to the inner surface of an outer garment at the point where the wearer would otherwise experience skin discomfort or irritation in the absence of the undergarments. It has been found that the stiffness and shape of that commercial product are such that the product can often disengage from the garment's inner surface and itself become attached directly to the wearer's skin upon such disengagement. This adhesive attachment to the wearer's skin causes significant discomfort to the wearer and can also cause significant injury to the wearer's skin by tearing or abrading the skin surface.
There exist minimal undergarments such as thongs or athletic supporters. Further, there also exist "disposable" undergarments which are intended to be worn once in a normal manner and then be disposed of rather than being washed and reworn. Similarly, there have in the past been what have been called "garment shields." Such products, which were once popular for use with women's blouses or jackets, were themselves underwear or inner garments, in that they were small individual garments suspended by shoulder straps and worn between a woman's axillary area and the inner surface of the sleeve/torso seam region of the blouse or jacket. Other types of garment shields were sown into and were parts of the garments themselves. Additionally, there exist "panty liners" which are sanitary products which are attached to the inner crotch of female underpanties to absorb and retain menstrual or other vaginal discharges, and then be discarded and, if need be, replaced after a limited period of such absorption. It will be evident that the invention described herein differs significantly from any of these products.
It is therefore a purpose of the present invention to provide a product which a person who wishes to dispense with wearing of undergarments can use in conjunction with his or her outer clothing to provide comfort to sensitive skin areas where underwear or other inner garment would otherwise have provided a barrier between such skin areas and contact with the inner surface of the outer garments.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide for a product which a person can use in conjunction with his or her outer clothing for those bodily areas where an undergarment is not conventionally worn, also to provide comfort to sensitive skin areas which would be in contact with the inner surface of the outer garments even when underwear or other inner garments may be being worn on other parts of the body.
It is also a purpose of the present invention to provide such a product which will avoid or minimize disengagement from the outer garment and subsequent harmful and/or uncomfortable adhesive contact with the wearer's skin.
The articles of the present invention are neither undergarments nor garment shields and are not to be equated to undergarments or garment shields. Indeed, they are not "garments" at all, as they are not configured to be worn on a person's body (such as by having arm- or leg-holes for the wearer's limbs to protrude through) nor are they integrated into garments. Rather they represent what we believe to be an entirely new type of personal garment adjunct, not previously included in any garment-related categories. As a novel and unique product class, there has of course been no name previously assigned. Consequently, we have coined the term "tibbidy" (plural: "tibbidies") for the class name of the articles. That term when used herein shall be taken to refer to individual articles, a plurality of the articles or to the class of articles as a whole, as the context shall demand.
The tibbidy product of the present invention is a lightweight fabric article which is configured to be flexible and to conform to the various curves of the inner surface of a garment, such as to the inner surface of the inseam and crotch of a pair of pants, such as jeans. The product is in the form of a multilayer flexible pad or patch with a soft comfortable top pad (preferably made of cotton), preferably an intermediate supporting member for the top pad, and an adhesive layer on the opposite side of the supporting member for adhesion to the inner surface of the outer garment. A removable release layer is normally placed over the outer surface of the adhesive layer when the product is manufactured and packaged to prevent the adhesive from adhering to the packaging. The release layer is removed by the wearer after the individual product is removed from the packaging to be used, thus exposing the adhesive for attachment to the garment surface.
The product exists in various embodiments, some of which are primarily configured for use by women, others for use by men, and others of a "unisex" configuration for use by both men and women. They are also variously configured for application to the crotch area of pants or to the axillary area of shirts and blouses or can be cut individually by a purchaser to be attached to such other inner surfaces of garments as the purchaser may wish. For instance, a purchaser who suffers from a skin disease or injury may apply a product of this invention to the inner surface of a garment adjacent to the injured or diseased area to provide comfort from abrasion of the skin area by the garment fabric.
As summarized above, each tibbidy product of the present invention is a lightweight fabric article which is configured to be flexible and to conform to the various curves of the inner surface of a garment, such as to the inner surface of the inseam and crotch of a pair of pants, such as jeans. The product is in the form of a multilayer flexible article having on one side thereof a soft comfortable pad, preferably an intermediate supporting member for the pad, and an adhesive layer on the opposite side of the pad or, where present, supporting member, for adhesion to the inner surface of the garment. A removable release layer is normally placed over the outer surface of the adhesive layer when the product is manufactured and packaged to prevent the adhesive from adhering to the packaging. The release layer is removed by the wearer after the individual product is removed from the packaging to be used, thus exposing the adhesive for attachment to the garment surface. (The overall article itself may sometimes be referred to by users as a "pad." It will be understood that for the purposes of this invention such use of the term "pad" is to be considered to be synonymous with "patch", "cushion" or other term that users may employ when referring to a soft, cushioning, protective article having the properties defined herein.)
The invention is best illustrated by the Figures of the drawings. Considering first the embodiments shown in
As also illustrated in
The tibbidy article 2 is shown in cross-section in
On the opposite side of the support member 16 from the pad 14 is an adhesive layer 18. The adhesive is chosen such that it will adhere to both the pad 14 (if the latter is used alone) or more preferably to the intermediate member 16 and also to the surface of typical garment fabrics such as denim without harming either material to which it is adhered. The adhesive must also be sufficiently adherent to stay in place throughout the movements of the wearer and the outer garment but yet be readily removable after use by the wearer. It is contemplated that the product will normally be used only once by a wearer and will be removed from the garment and disposed of after such use. The wearer would then use a fresh product the next time that he or she wants to wear the outer garment without any undergarments. The exposed surface of the adhesive layer 18 is initially covered with a release layer 20 which is commonly made of a coated or uncoated paper or a thin plastic film. The release layer 20 prevents the adhesive 18 from bonding to the product packaging or to any other surface after removal from the packaging until the wearer is ready to attach the pad product to the inside of the outer garment. At that time the wearer peels the removable release layer 20 away from the product to expose the adhesive surface and then places the adhesive surface against the inner surface of the garment at the desired location and presses the product in place to secure the adhesive to the garment. The wearer can then don the garment and proceed with any desired activities.
The top pad 14 will be formed of a soft material which is comfortable to the wearer and does not abrade or irritate the wearer's skin. The top pad material (as well as any intermediate member 16 and the adhesive 18) will preferably be hypoallergenic or otherwise medically suitable for skin contact. Numerous suitable commercial materials preferably made of cotton or blends of cotton with synthetic fabrics, such as fleeces, velours, woven interlocks and similar fabrics, are available. It is contemplated that several different fabrics will be commercially available with the product 2 to allow wearers to choose the particular fabric that they find the most comfortable. Typical preferred examples of useful and skin-compatible commercial fabrics for the top layer include 100% organic cotton, 100% interlock and combed cotton, cotton/polyester blend fleece with the double-brushed side being the face side of the top layer 14, and micromodal rayon/supima cotton jersey blend. It will be evident that there are numerous other criteria such as thickness and cost of the fabric which can be considered by the manufacturers and buyers of the product. Those skilled in the art will be readily able to identify suitable fabrics, and customer selection in the marketplace will quickly indicate the embodiments most preferred by the customers.
Preferably the adhesive layer 18 will be formed of a medical grade adhesive such as a solvent based acrylic adhesive. Other adhesives which are suitable but which may not be available as medical grade quality include aqueous based acrylics, silicone adhesives, rubber based adhesives and hot melt adhesives. All of the adhesives can be applied by either direct coating or machine lamination. The adhesive layer may also have an internal reinforcement so that the overall layer 18 is a double coated adhesive with a center layer of polyester film with the adhesive coated on both sides. The adhesive layer 18 must have a flexibility for movement, stretch and flexure at least as great as the flexibility of the fabric and backing layers 14 and 16. The adhesive, whether or not it is of medical grade quality, must of course also not be harmful to the wearer's skin so that if a pad 2 does become separated from the garment fabric and the adhesive contacts the wearer's skin it will not cause injury to the wearer. The adhesive must also have a degree of adhesion that will allow it to remain adhered to the fabric of the garment for the wearing period desired by the wearer, but still be able to be peeled from the garment without damage to the garment fabric or leaving any residual adhesive adhered to the fabric. There are numerous adhesives commercially available which have suitable degrees of adhesion and the appropriate selection will be readily apparent to the person skilled in the art.
The release layer 20 can be any suitable release paper or film product. We have found a single-layer bleached kraft liner paper which is coated on the adhesive contact side with a silicone-based release agent to be suitable. The release paper may be printed with a customer logo or other indicia and may have score cuts or a butterfly liner design similar to that used on bandages to aid the wearer in separating the release paper 20 from the adhesive layer 18 when preparing the product for use.
It is also contemplated that the adhesive layer 18 need not be a continuous layer. Rather the layer 18 may be formed of discrete islands or patterns of adhesive placed on the back of the intermediate backing layer 16, as is illustrated in the embodiment of
It will be recognized that the products of
The invention and its usage have been described above initially with respect to protection of the lower portion of a wearer's trunk and particularly the inguinal region, and with pants, jeans, shorts and similar lower body garments, since that is the focus of current fashion trends. Secondarily, it has been described for protection of the axillary region, where the products would be adhered to upper body garments such as shirts, blouses, jackets and the like. However, it will be evident that the products of the present invention can be used for attachment to an outer garment for protection of other regions of a wearer's body when an inner garment (including an inner garment commonly considered to be an "undergarment") is not worn beneath such outer garment. Such regions of the body may be, for instance, the nape of the neck, the insides of the knees and/or elbows, or the lumbar area of the back. Another anticipated application of the product is for attachment to the inner surface of the front of a woman's upper garment, such as a blouse, sweater, tank top, tee shirt or jacket, in line with the garment wearer's breasts, to prevent irritation of sensitive aureolar and nipple regions. This application may be of particular interest to women who have undergone breast augmentation procedures. Additionally, in a medical setting a purchaser who suffers from a skin disease or injury or who has undergone disruptive skin treatments or surgical procedures such as skin grafts or mastectomies may apply a product of this invention to the inner surface of an outer garment adjacent to the injured, affected or diseased area to provide comfort from abrasion of the skin by the garment fabric when an inner garment cannot be or is not desired to be worn over the injured, affected or diseased area.
It is contemplated that in most cases packaging for the articles of this invention will comprise an individual envelope, pouch or similar container for each individual product or plurality of products. However,
The system of
It will be evident that there are numerous embodiments of the invention which are not expressly described above, but which are clearly within the scope and spirit of the invention. The description herein is therefore to be considered exemplary only, and the actual scope of the invention is to be determined solely from the appended claims, as may be interpreted by the specification herein.
Citations de brevets
Citations hors brevets
Référencé par
Événements juridiques
Image d'origine
Faire pivoter


text:
Video:What Are Idealized Models?with James Lincoln
Idealized models are what helps us visualize and understand difficult concepts in physics. This About.com video will explain idealized models in greater detail.See Transcript
Transcript:What Are Idealized Models?
My name is James Lincoln. I'm a physics teacher here for About.com.
Examples of Idealized Models
Idealized models are images or pictures in peoples heads that scientists use to make correct predictions about scientific phenomena. For example, the solid sphere model of the atom does a good job of predicting the shape of crystals, whereas the Rutherford model of the atom does a good job of depicting electrical phenomena.
And for emissions of the spectrum of light, Bohr's Shell Model of the atom is most effective.
Idealized Models of Light in Physics
Another good example of an idealized model is the wave model of light. Before, Isaac Newton used to think that the Particle Model was appropriate. He would imagine that particles of light were landing in his eye and he could actually test it. It was a working, testable model because he touched the back of his eye and was able to feel the pressure and thought that was the pressure of light.
These days, we mostly use the wave model of light. For example, if a wave has a length of 600 nanometers, then it's red light; if light has a length of 400 nanometers, then it's blue light. In Quantum Mechanics, we have to use the particle model of light again once in a while for example explaining the photoelectric effect, using Einstein's explanation.
So you see, idealized models are simplifications of complex phenomena into simpler situations using everyday objects that we're very familiar with. We use models along with theory to guide our predictions and make us better scientists.
I'm James Lincoln for About.com. Thanks for watching.


text:
Dear Family and Friends,
Let me be the first to welcome you to the Leflore County High School webpage. As you browse our site, keep in mind that we are a transformational school moving in a positive direction. Every teacher, student, staff member, and principal are dedicated individuals responsible for improving student achievement. If you have any questions or concerns, the Leflore County High School Administration is at your service. We are "One Team, One Goal, that goal is student success."
Educationally yours,
Julius Lucas III, Principal
Leflore County High School
Copyright © 2015 | Leflore Co. High School | PH: 662.254.7762 | FX: 662.254.7530


text:
MOVIEmeterSEE RANK
Down 3,356 this week
Ten Little Indians (1989)
PG | | Crime, Mystery, Thriller | November 1989 (USA)
Agatha Christie tale of 10 people invited to an isolated place only to find that an unseen person is killing them one by one. One of them?
Director:Alan Birkinshaw
Writers:Agatha Christie (novel), Gerry O'Hara (screenplay), 1 more credit »