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In a decision-forest classifier in accordance with the invention, a decision forest including multiple decision trees is used to classify "seen" training data and "unseen" data. Each individual tree performs an initial classification based on randomly selected subsets of the data. The classification outcomes by the individual trees are combined using a discriminant process in the decision-forest classier to render the ultimate classification decision.
1. Apparatus for assigning an image to a selected one of a plurality of classes comprising:
a generator for generating a plurality of features based on the values of a plurality of pixels representing said image;
a first processor for randomly selecting subsets of features from said plurality of features,
and for providing a plurality of sample points, each sample point corresponding to a different one of said subsets of features;
a plurality of decision-tree classifiers each including a plurality of nonterminal nodes, the nonterminal nodes of each decision-tree classifier, in response to at least one of said sample points, jointly rendering a classification of said image; and
a second processor for combining the rendered classifications from said plurality of decision-tree classifiers to determine said selected class to which said image is assigned.
2. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein each feature is a function of the values of selected ones of said plurality of pixels.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the selected pixels are neighbors to one another.
4. A method for use in an apparatus comprising a plurality of decision-tree classifiers to assign an image to a selected one of a plurality of classes, each classifier including a plurality of nonterminal nodes, comprising the steps of:
generating a plurality of features based on the values of a plurality of pixels representing said image;
randomly selecting subsets of features from said plurality of features;
providing a plurality of sample points, each sample point corresponding to a different one of said subsets of features;
jointly rendering by the nonterminal nodes of each decision-tree classifier a classification of said image in response to at least one of said sample points; and
combining the rendered classifications from said plurality of decision-tree classifiers to determine said selected class to which said image is assigned.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein each feature is a function of the values of selected ones of said plurality of pixels.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the selected pixels are neighbors to one another.
7. Apparatus for assigning an image to a selected one of a plurality of classes comprising:
means for generating a plurality of features based on the values of a plurality of pixels representing said image;
means for randomly selecting subsets of features from said plurality of features;
means for providing a plurality of sample points, each sample point corresponding to a different one of said subsets of features;
a plurality of decision-tree classifiers each including a plurality of nonterminal nodes, the nonterminal nodes of each decision-tree classifier, in response to at least one of said sample points, jointly rendering a classification of said image; and
means for combining the rendered classifications from said plurality of decision-tree classifiers to determine said selected class to which said image is assigned.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first processor includes the plurality of decision-tree classifiers, the generator and the second processor.
The invention relates generally to the automatic interpretation of images and patterns, and more particularly to the classification or recognition of such images and patterns.
Use of a decision tree including a multiplicity of nodes to classify data is well-known in the art. Decision trees have been studied extensively in the past two decades and employed in many practical applications. For example, one such application is in the area of image and pattern interpretation involving optical character recognition (OCR). The popular use of decision-tree classifiers stems from that the decision tree idea is intuitively apparent, that training of such classifiers is often straight-forward, and that their execution speed is extremely high.
Techniques for devising decision-tree classifiers are described in such papers as: J. Schuermann et al., "A Decision Theoretic Approach to Hierarchical Classifier Design," Pattern Recognition, 17, 3, 1984, pp. 359-369; I. Sethi et al., "Hierarchical Classifier Design Using Mutual Information," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-4, Jul. 4, 1982, pp. 441-445.
However, the decision-tree classifiers devised according to the traditional techniques often cannot be expanded in complexity without sacrificing their generalization accuracy. The more complex such classifiers are (i.e., the more tree nodes they have), the more susceptible they are to being over-adapted to, or specialized at, the training data which was initially used to train the classifiers. As such, the generalization accuracy of the more complex classifiers is relatively low as they more likely commit errors in classifying "unseen" data, which may not closely resemble the training data previously "seen" by the classifiers.
Attempts have been made to improve the generalization accuracy of the decision-tree classifiers. One such attempt calls for reducing the size of a fully-grown decision tree adopted by a classifier by pruning back the tree. That is, the input data to the classifier does not go through every level of the tree. Rather, after the input data reaches a preselected level of the tree, the classifier is forced to decide its class or probable classes to make the classifier more generalized. Another attempt involves use of probabilistic techniques whereby the input data descends through multiple branches of the tree with different confidence measures. Although the generalization accuracy on the unseen data improves in the above attempts, the improvement often comes at the expense of the accuracy in classifying the seen training data, which would otherwise be classified with 100% correctness.
Recently, decision-tree classifiers including multiple trees were devised by combining trees which were generated heuristically. The designs of these classifiers rely on an input of an ensemble of features representing the object to be classified. One such multiple-decision-tree classifier is described: S. Shlien, "Multiple Binary Decision Tree Classifiers," Pattern Recognition, vol. 23, no. 7, 1990, pp. 757-763. Each tree in this classifier is designed based on a different criterion directed to a measure of information gain from the features. The criteria used in the tree design include Komogorov-Smirnov distance, Shannon entropy measure, and Gini index of diversity. Because of a limited number of such criteria available, the number of trees includable in such a classifier is accordingly limited.
Even though it is required that the complete ensemble of features be input to each tree in the prior-art multiple-decision-tree classifiers, the actual number of features used in the tree is oftentimes a fraction of the total number of features input. An effort to increase the number of trees in a classifier by utilizing as many available features as possible is described in: S. Shlien, "Nonparametric classification using matched binary decision trees," Pattern Recognition Letters, Feb. 13, 1992, pp. 83-87. This effort involves a feature selection process at each tree node where a usage measure for each feature is computed, and weighed against the information gain if that feature is examined at the node. Specifically, given a choice of features providing a large information gain, the feature with a low usage measure is selected.
Another multiple-decision-tree classifier is described in: S. Kwok et al., "Multiple Decision trees," Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 4, 1990, pp. 327-335. In this classifier, trees are designed based on a modified version of the well-known ID3 algorithm. Pursuant to this modified version, a list of tests, which may be used at a tree node for examining the features, are ranked according to the amount of information gain from using the tests. In order to generate different trees, one selects from the ranked list different subsets of tests to replace the tests adopted by top level nodes of a tree constructed in accordance with the traditional ID3 algorithm.
Although it appears that the above prior-art multiple-decision-tree classifiers deliver better classification accuracy than the single-decision-tree classifiers, the designers of the multiple-tree classifiers all struggled and failed to heuristically generate a large number of trees for the classifiers. In addition, the designs of such classifiers do not guarantee that the performance of the classifiers can always be improved by adding trees thereto.
The invention overcomes the prior art limitations by using randomly selected subsets of an ensemble of features to form tree inputs in generating different decision trees in a random decision-forest classifier. In accordance with the invention, the capacity of the classifier can be systematically expanded to increase accuracies in classifying both seen and unseen data. Specifically, in classifying an object represented by the ensemble of features, sample points are derived from randomly selected subsets of the features. Nonterminal nodes of each decision tree, in response to at least one of the sample points, jointly render a classification of the object. A discriminant process is used to combine the classifications from the trees to determine the class to which the object belongs.
When the invention is viewed from a mathematical perspective, the multiple decision trees in the random decision-forest classifier are generated in randomly selected subspaces of the feature space, defined by the ensemble of features. Trees in different subspaces generalize their classifications in a complementary manner, and the combined classification affords generalization accuracy which can be monotonically improved by adding trees to the classifier.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a decision-forest classifier in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a feature vector representing an image to be classified by the decision-forest classifier of FIG. 1, and a sample vector representing input data to the classifier;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of forming the sample vector of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of a discriminating process within the classifier of FIG. 1.
FIG. 1 illustrates decision-forest classifier 100 embodying the principles of the invention. Classifier 100 may be used for classification or recognition of images such as handwritten characters. Classifier 100 is illustratively a conventional computer and includes processor 110 and memory 113. Memory 113 includes programs or instructions for directing processor 110 to carry out the inventive classifying process, graphically depicted as decision trees T1 through Tt connected by discriminant process 115, where t is a positive integer. Decision trees T1 -Tt connected in this manner are herein referred to as "Decision Forest 150."
Although T1 -Tt may be structurally different, without loss of generality, decision tree T1 includes a multiplicity of nodes, such as nodes 103, 105 and 107, which are interconnected by paths. Node 103 is the "root" of T1 where the input data enters. T1 has a multiplicity of nonterminal nodes such as node 105. In this particular illustrative embodiment, each tree is a fully-split binary tree of the type of an oblique decision tree to be described. Like other binary trees in general, each nonterminal node of the tree has two paths each leading to another node down the tree. Each nonterminal node incorporates a decision rule whereby the node decides a particular one of the two paths through which the input data is transmitted to the succeeding node for further disposition thereof. Of course, root 103 of tree T1 is also a nonterminal node. Each tree terminates on terminal nodes or leaves which indicate the class to which the input data belong. Node 107 is one such terminal node in tree T1.
In this illustrative embodiment, the image to be classified by decision-forest classifier 100 has m features. Referring to FIG. 2, this image is generically represented by feature vector FV having m components (fv1 through fvm), where m>0. In accordance with the invention, only a subset of the m components, or the derivatives thereof, form the sample data input to each tree in decision forest 150. The subset is randomly selected from the m components, and the size of the subset may vary from tree to tree. The sample data is generically represented by sample vector SV having k components (sv1 through svk), where 0<k<m.
It should be pointed out at this juncture that, mathematically, SV can be visualized as a sample point in a k-dimensional subspace within an m-dimensional feature space defined by FV. In addition, the decision rule in each nonterminal node in a decision tree, say node 105, can be described as a hyperplane in the k-dimensional subspace. Depending on which side of the hyperplane the sample point is situated, the nonterminal node decides a particular one of the two paths through which the sample data is transmitted to the succeeding node in the tree.
Classifier 100 is initially trained using training data. As mentioned before, the general belief is that there is a tradeoff between the classification accuracy on the seen training data which varies directly with the complexity of the tree structure and the generalization accuracy on the unseen data which varies inversely with same. Traditional tree-growing techniques can be used to grow complex trees that can correctly classify the seen training data up to 100%. Yet because of the biases of the particular ways in which hyperplanes are chosen to divide multidimensional points representing the input samples, the generalization accuracy on unseen data is rarely as good. Resorting to non-fully split trees (i.e., trees that have been pruned back) would mean losing 100% accuracy on seen training data. Nor do they guarantee excellent generalization accuracy.
In accordance with the invention, a decision forest such as decision forest 150 comprising multiple trees is designed to overcome the generalization biases. The multiple trees are generated in randomly selected subspaces of the feature space. Trees in different subspaces generalize their classifications in a complementary manner, and the combined classification affords generalization accuracy which can be monotonically improved by adding trees to the forest.
Two major problems were solved in achieving the invention. The first problem was how to systematically generate multiple decision trees using the same set of training data of a limited quantity. The second problem was how to combine the classification outcomes by the individual trees to preserve their accuracies.
There are many ways to generate different trees. By arbitrarily injecting differences in construction of the trees, the resulting trees may yield different generalization accuracies, but do not necessarily maintain 100% accuracy on seen training data. For instance, constructing trees using different subsets of the training data does not guarantee 100% accuracy in classifying the full training data set.
I have recognized that randomization is a powerful tool for introducing differences in classifiers. In accordance with the invention, multiple trees are generated in randomly selected subspaces of the feature space. For the feature space of m dimensions, there are 2m -2 subspaces in which a decision tree can be generated. The use of randomization in selecting subsets of components of the feature vector (FV) to form the corresponding subspaces solves the first problem identified above.
A decision tree constructed in each selected subspace using the central axis projection or perceptron training technique described hereinbelow yields 100% correctness in classifying the training data points. Yet the classification is invariant for points that are different from the training data points only in the unselected dimensions. In this way each tree generalizes its classification to unseen data in a different way. The vast number of subspaces for high dimensional feature space (the number of dimensions m typically equal few hundreds in character recognition applications) provides more than sufficient choices for use in practice. Classification accuracy is related to the statistical properties of the discriminant function to be described, and it can be shown that very high classification accuracy can be achieved well before all the possible combinations are exhausted.
In this particular illustrative embodiment, the sample points entering different trees in forest 150 have the same number of dimensions k, but each sample point corresponds to a different subset of k components of a training or unseen feature data point represented by FV of FIG. 2. To this end, for each tree of T1 -Tt, processor 110 is instructed to generate k random numbers, whose values are each greater than 0 but not greater than m, as indicated at step 301 in FIG. 3. At step 303, processor 101 checks for repetition of the set of the random numbers just generated. If the set of numbers was previously used for another tree, processor 101 regenerates another set until it is different from all the previous sets. Otherwise if the set of random numbers was not used before, processor 101 proceeds to step 305 where it extracts k components of FV corresponding to the values of the random numbers. For example, a random number having a value of 1 corresponds to fv1, a random number having a value of 2 corresponds to fv2, and so on and so forth. Processor 101 then forms at step 307 sample point SV of FIG. 2 by adopting the extracted k components, or the derivatives thereof, as sv1 through svk, respectively.
The above-identified second problem of how to combine the classification outcomes of a sample point by the individual trees to yield an accurate classification will now be addressed. Specifically, this problem was solved by implementing discriminant process 115 of FIGS. 1 and 4.
For a sample point x, let vj (x) be the terminal node to which x is assigned when it descends tree Tj (j=1, 2, . . . , t); let the posterior probability that x belongs to class c (c=1, 2, . . . , n) be denoted by P(c|vj (x)), and ##EQU1## This posterior probability is estimated by processor 101 as a ratio of the number of class c points to the number of all points that are assigned to vj (x), as indicated at step 401 in FIG. 4. It should be noted that in this illustrative embodiment, since the trees are fully split, most of the terminal nodes contain a single class (except for abnormal stops) and thus the value of the estimate P(c v|vj (x)) is almost always 1.
A discriminant function central to discriminant process 115 is defined as follows: ##EQU2##
Processor 101 at step 403 computes gc (x) for c=1, 2, . . . n. At step 405, processor 101 assigns x to class c for which gc (x) is the maximum, thereby accomplishing the classification of the image in question.
The above discriminant function preserves 100% accuracy on the training points. For an unseen point, g(x) averages over the posterior probabilities that are conditioned on reaching a particular terminal node. Geometrically, each terminal node defines a neighborhood around the points assigned to that node in the chosen subspace. By averaging over the posterior probabilities in these neighborhoods (decision regions), the discriminant function approximates the posterior probability for a given x in the original feature space. It can be shown that the classification accuracy afforded by the discriminant function increases with the value of t.
As mentioned before, each decision tree in decision forest 150 is of the type of an oblique decision tree. The oblique decision tree is different from many other prior art binary trees. In the latter, the value of a feature component is typically examined at each nonterminal node. A test pattern is assigned to one branch of the tree according to the value of that feature component. Geometrically this corresponds to assigning the vector point to either of two sides of a hyperplane that is parallel to at least one axis of the feature space.
The oblique decision tree is more general in that the hyperplane associated with each nonterminal node is not necessarily parallel to any of the axes. The hyperplane is represented by a linear function of the components of the feature vector, where some coefficients may be zero. Oblique hyperplanes usually give a smaller tree that can fully split the data to leaves of a single class. The trees may have drastically different sizes depending on how the hyperplanes are selected.
Most techniques for constructing trees use a clustering algorithm that reveals certain clues about the distribution of data, followed by the selection of a hyperplane according to a criterion that best separates the distributions. One such technique involving use of Tomels links is described in: Park et al., "Automated Design of Linear Tree Classifiers," Pattern Recognition, 23, 12, 1990, pp. 1393-1412; another technique involving use of simulated annealing is described in: Heath et al., "Induction of Oblique Decision Trees," Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2, Chambery, France, Aug. 28-Sep. 3, 1993, pp. 1002-1007.
Most of the sophistication in tree growing algorithms is intended to minimize the size of the trees, but there is little promise on the generalization accuracy. Two techniques for tree construction, neither of which involves any sophisticated optimization procedure are illustratively used here. In either technique the stopping rule is until all the terminal nodes contain points of a single class, or until it is impossible to split further. The latter occurs when identical samples exist across two or more classes, or due to limitations of the hyperplane search algorithm, e.g., a coarse quantization of the search space.
Central Axis Projection (CAP)
A first technique for tree construction, namely, the central axis projection (CAP) technique illustratively used here, aims at separating at least two classes at each nonterminal node. This technique calls for finding a splitting hyperplane among those that are perpendicular to a line connecting the centroids of two classes that are farthest apart.
Specifically, at any nonterminal node including the root, assume that training points of n classes are present, the two classes whose means are farthest apart by Euclidean distance are first identified. The sample means of these two classes are then connected by a straight line (conveniently referred to as a "central axis"), and all the data points are projected onto this line. The line segments between the two means is traversed in steps at a predetermined step size, and an error function is evaluated for each hyperplane passing through an end of a step and perpendicular to the central axis. For each class, the error function counts the number of points that are not on the side of the hyperplane where the majority of the points of that class fall. The hyperplane that minimizes the sum of these counts is chosen for that node.
Perceptron Training (PERCEPT)
A second technique for tree construction illustratively used here, namely, the perceptron training (PERCEPT) technique, relies on a fixed-increment perceptron training algorithm to choose a hyperplane at each nonterminal node. Details on such an algorithm is described in: N. Nilsson, "Learning Machines: Foundations of Trainable Pattern-Classifying Systems," McGraw-Hill, New York, 1965.
In accordance with the perceptron training algorithm, at each nonterminal node, the two classes that are farthest apart are identified and their means are chosen as anchor points, as in the case of CAP. Two sets, S1 and S2, are initiated each containing one of these two classes. The other classes are then assigned to either S1 or S2 depending on which anchor point is closer in Euclidean distance to their means. A hyperplane for separating S1 and S2 is then sought to minimize the number of points on the wrong side of the hyperplane.
The perceptron training algorithm terminates when the error count of the misplaced points decreases to zero. However, since there is no test on the linear separability of S1 and S2, there is no guarantee that the error count would ever decrease to zero. Therefore, this algorithm is also forced to terminate after a fixed number of iterations. In the case that the perceptron thus obtained does not separate points of any class from the rest, the process continues by switching to CAP.
Although the formation of the two sets is somewhat arbitrary, the iterative optimization does lead to a substantial reduction of tree sizes. Training is more expensive using PERCEPT, but the smaller trees take less storage and are faster for classifying new samples.
Experiments with Handwritten Digits
The invention was experimentally applied to solve a difficult recognition problem--the recognition of isolated handwritten digits. One of the experimental findings is that the inventive technique is most effective to solve problems involving high dimensional data. Problems involving no more than 26 classes were successfully tackled with the inventive technique when binary trees were used. It should be noted that use of binary trees is, however, not a requirement of the invention.
In particular, experiments were performed on handwritten digits of 10 classes. The images are from NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Special Database 3 as well as from the 1992 NIST Competition. The training and testing sets from the 1992 NIST Competition are mixed, and from the mixed set 60,000 samples are drawn to form training set TR, and 10,000 samples are drawn to form test set TE. The images are binary and normalized to a size of 20�20 pixels. There are roughly the same number of samples in each class in both the training and testing sets. As a matter of fact, the data used in the instant experiments are the same as those used in several other studies reported in: L. Bottou et al., "Comparison of Classifier Methods: A Case Study in Handwritten Digit Recognition," Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, II, Jerusalem, Israel, Oct. 9-13, 1994, pp. 77-82 (except that grayscale values are thresholded to binary), and details on the data construction are given in that report.
To investigate the performance of the classifier without any heuristics about the data, raw pixel maps of the binary, normalized images were used as input feature vectors each having 20�20=400 elements. These vectors are conveniently referred to as the "Pixel Vectors (f1)" and in the form of FV of FIG. 2, with m=400. To see how simple knowledge of the domain can help, another feature vector was constructed by exploring the neighbor relationships of the pixels. These features are derived from those used in constructing quadratic polynomial discriminants described in: J. Schuermann, "A Multifont Word Recognition System for Postal Address Reading," IEEE Transactions on Computers, C-27, Aug. 8, 1978, pp. 721-732. They are conjunctions and disjunctions of neighboring pixels in various directions. For a given pixel I(i,j) at row i and column j, the following features were taken: ##EQU3## where "" denotes the binary "AND" operator and "" denotes the binary "OR" operator. A second vector f2 is formed by concatenating f1 with the above-defined values H' (i,j), V' (i,j), N' (i,j) and S' (i,j) for each (i,j). For an image of 20�20 pixels, f2 has 852 components. Thus, in this instance FV=f2, with m=852.
The findings from the above experiments confirm that with a prior art single tree based classifier, an increase in the classifier complexity invariably leads to overtraining, thereby sacrificing the generalization accuracy. By contrast, with the decision forest classifier in accordance with the invention, an increase in the classifier complexity in achieving perfect accuracy on training data does not lead to a compromise in the generalization accuracy. Rather, the generalization accuracy improves as the inventive classifier incorporates additional trees.
The foregoing merely illustrates the principles of the invention. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise numerous other arrangements which embody the principles of the invention and are thus within its spirit and scope.
For example, each tree in decision forest 150 is illustratively generated in a random subspace of the same number of dimensions. However, in accordance with the invention, the number of dimensions of the random subspaces need not be the same.
Furthermore, the choice of the subspace need not be the same for all nonterminal nodes of a tree in decision forest 150. That is, although the input to each tree in decision forest 150 is disclosed to be a randomly selected subset of the components of a feature vector, the invention should not be limited by such an illustrative example. In fact, the inventive notion encompasses that each nonterminal node of a tree in decision forest 150 examines a randomly selected subset of feature components which may be different from the subset examined at the root of the tree. This idea can be easily implemented by inputting to the tree the whole ensemble of the feature components, rather than a subset thereof. At each nonterminal node including the root, depending on which components are randomly selected, the input is masked so that only the selected components are made available to the node.
In addition, in the illustrative embodiment, the trees in decision forest 150 are binary trees. However, it will be appreciated that the present invention can also be implemented with non-binary trees.
Finally, although the invention is disclosed herein using the central axis projection and perceptron training techniques for construction of trees, the scope of the invention is not constrained by use of any of such particular techniques. Rather, it will be appreciated that other tree-construction techniques may be used to implement the invention.
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Rated 5 out of 5 by Kerryvee123 from Love this chair My grandson is 18 months old. I bought him this chair so he could have a chair that fits him. I'm very pleased with quality and looks.
Date published: 2014-03-05
Rated 4 out of 5 by noddy635 from name not centered. Chair is good and children love it.As an adult not happy that the name is not centered.
Date published: 2014-08-20
Rated 3 out of 5 by Fabdvamommy from Cute but more than expected I purchased this chair as one of my son's Christmas gifts. He seems to like it since I see he climed in and sat few times but my issue with the chair is the insert. There are multiple separate foam pieces. I thought there was going to be one large already put together. It was not difficult to assemble but just the thought of having to disassemble and reassemble to wash the cover each time is a bit much. It is a keeper though and is cute. It looks really cute amongst the big people furniture. The personalization is really nice too; that was well done.
Date published: 2014-01-03


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Alpha Chi Omega hosting pancake dinner
HUNTINGTON -- The Alpha Chi Omega Gamma Omicron Chapter is hosting its annual pancake breakfast.
But this year, the sorority will be serving pancakes for dinner instead.
The event will take place from 5-9 p.m. Thursday, April 25, at Alpha Chi Omega's suite, 510 20th street, across from Stadium Bookstore.
Tickets are $5 and can be purchased from any one of the Alpha Chi Omega sisters, or at the door. Each ticket gets a stack of pancakes, sausage and choice of orange juice, milk or water.
Proceeds will benefit Branches Domestic Violence Shelter in honor of Alpha Chi Omega's philanthropy, domestic violence awareness.
For more information, contact Melody Fitzgerald at firstname.lastname@example.com or Elisabeth Spencer at email@example.com.


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Welcome to Greenwich Library's blog page. These blogs, written by library staff, cover a wide variety of topics.
The "Library News" blog provides Library patrons with program and event updates, new service announcements, press worthy updates, closings and AuthorsLive podcasts.
"Ed's Blog", overseen by librarian Ed Morrissey, features news and links of interest for people with disabilities. It also focuses on some of Ed's favorite subjects; mystery, science fiction and horror films and books, graphic novels, classic television shows, and upcoming programs in the Library's Cult Films series.
"Historically Speaking" highlights historical events and places in Greenwich, and provides information about upcoming events that history buffs may want to attend.
"Musings On Music", written by Peterson Music Librarian David Waring, will focus on musical topics of general interest as well as particular items from the Library's extensive collection. David will draw upon his wide-ranging musical tastes in reviews, lists and reflections on other topics to further your music knowledge.
The Oral History Project blog mines its vast array of interviews to highlight the people, places, and events that have shaped the history of Greenwich or that are playing a role in its present and future.
The "Staff Picks" blog archives all of the past and current entries of the library staff's picks and presents them in an easy to read format. Now you can always find something to read or watch.
"Teen Central" is the place to check out what programs are taking place at the library, see what other teenagers are reading and to share your thoughts about books or whatever is on your mind.
Please see our Comment Guidelines page for information on posting comments to our blogs.
Today's Events
Drop-in Computer Lab3:00 PMTraining CenterGreenwich Library
" Heroes are All Around Us" with Jeannine Madoff3:30 PMCommunity RoomByram Shubert Library
Middle School Book Club5:00 PMMeeting RoomGreenwich Library
Movies from Around the World: "Wild Tales"7:00 PMCommunity RoomByram Shubert Library
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Hi, I am Annie the creative individual behind VerdigrisDye. I have been illustrating since I was 2, and at 8 I knew I would be illustrating for the rest of my life. Enjoy your time here at Spoonflower!
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Seasonal shift to greens, root veggies at market
The first frost has officially come to Durham and our local farmlands. That means summer veggies like eggplant, okra, summer squash, melons, etc. won't be available at farmers' markets until next year. Locally grown vegetables that are available at our Market have taken their fall shift.
Here in the Piedmont, we are lucky to have mild winters and innovative farmers. That means that there will still be lots of vegetables to choose from even though summer veggies are gone. All winter long, there will be a great selection of greens to choose from – almost any variety imaginable.
To accompany the greens, look forward to lots of carrots, beets, rutabagas, turnips and other root vegetables, plenty of broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussels sprouts and a whole host of storage crops including sweet potatoes, winter squash and pumpkins. Some farmers who grow in greenhouses will bring small amounts of tomatoes, cucumbers and other tender veggies during the cold winter months.
Frosts also mean that certain vegetables will become sweeter. Members of the Brassica family (kale, collards, cabbage, Brussels sprouts) are known for having a sweeter flavor after they have been "kissed by the frost." As a protective measure, these vegetables produce more sugars in reaction to colder weather. Farmer and biologist Norm Budnitz, from Four Leaf Farm in Rougemont, says that this change "acts as an anti-freeze, lowering the freezing point of the water in the cells." He goes on to explain that, "when the outside temperature dips below 32F, the water stays liquid and the cells don't burst."
Root vegetables are also known for becoming sweeter as the weather gets colder. Unlike greens, which create more sugar, vegetables like carrots and beets convert their starches into sugars for a similar protective effect. In his book Four Season Harvest, author Eliot Coleman says "the effect of cold temperatures on root sweetness turns normal carrots into 'candy' carrots."
Remember, the Durham Farmers' Market is open all winter long. And there will be lots to enjoy throughout the winter months! Below, are some important dates to remember in the coming weeks.
-- Nov. 26. Market will be open from 2-5 p.m. for a special Pre-Thanksgiving Market. Stock up with local goods for your Thanksgiving celebration, including local turkeys (pre-order is needed)
-- Nov. 30. Market will be CLOSED! This is the one Saturday during the year that the Market closes.
-- Dec. 7th – Market re-opens with winter hours. From December to March, the market is open from 10 a.m. - noon weekly.
Erin Kauffman is market manager of the Durham Farmers' Market.


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Fixes For Recent Issues
Good day valued players,
There was several issues in the past days where our severs were unstable causing your gift boxes (24/10/2013) and Garena Shells Transaction (28/10/2013) to be in a disarray.
We have taken the following measures:
1) Server Issues (Unstable)
- Server went to an emergency maintenance due to server overload. Issue was resolved by Internet Data Center (IDC).
2) Gift Box Issue
- Players who had their Gift Box wiped from 24/10/2013 will have all their Gift Box restored fully on next schedule maintenance.
- All unused Gift Box received will expire 180 days after receiving date.
3) Garena Shells (GS) Transaction Issues
- All players whom had been affected by purchasing items without receiving any in-game items from 28/10/2013 6:02AM to 10:09AM (+8GMT) have been refunded with their loss of Garena Shells.
For the disruption caused, all players will received these exciting items as a token of appreciation and gratitude from us for all the support and understanding.
- Emily (7 Days)
- Garena Axe (7 Days)
Not to forget our OPS 250k Facebook Event, all players will received SAR 21 Assassin (7 Days) and enjoy two sessions of x5 EXP & BP Boost this Saturday, 2nd Nov 2013.
-Â 1st Session: 3:00 to 5:00 PM
-Â 2nd Session: 7:00 to 9:00 PM
We apologise for these disruption to your gameplay experience and hope you enjoy the bonuses!
Blackshot Team


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Tokamak 6
Another Tokamak is over, and a very good one indeed
Many things have been done, many things have been decided this week. The main topic was prevalently about the architecture of our next workspace, and the frameworks needed to make such a vision coming to reality.
As you may already know, the new Plasma workspace we are now working on is based on Qt 5, QML2 and KDE Frameworks 5.
The platform will still run on X11, but down the road Wayland support will be added as well, work is ongoing in KWin for that.
First thing, when the new workspace based on that new technology will be released?
When is ready, where ready means there are no significant regressions left, so there will be a big technology change, but no significant disruption on the user interface.
There will be some small changes however, because the incremental improvement of the UI is a process that never stops. The login screen, the splash screen, the lock screen, the logout dialog and the fast user switching interface will look consistent all across the board, with a single, coherent QML theme for all those elements. As a side effect will make very easy to heavily customize the look and behavior of those components, either by users or vendors.
As the components mentioned before, also the shell itself will be defined by a single package.
This packae will define things such as the behavior of the desktop (icons? what plasmoids? what default wallpaper?), of the panels (how many? where?, what they do contain?), of the run command interface, and so on.
It will be possible to change this shell package at runtime, this means that user experiences such as Plasma Desktop, Plasma Active and Plasma Media Center can be loaded on the fly, on the same device and only when needed. You have a Plasma Active tablet that comes with a docking station? attach it and you'll have Plasma Desktop on your screen. You attach your laptop to your 40 inch TV, and you get Plasma Media Center.
One interface does not fit any device, but one technology does, especially when it can give you an user interface always optimized for the device you are using in a particular moment.
What you said is very reasonable.We can find more interesting device in http://www.homface.com
This sounds great! thanks
thanks for sharing this with us!
"When it's ready"
The most frustrating aspect of all these is the waiting. Plasma Workspaces (NG) waiting on KDE Frameworks 5 waiting on at least Qt 5.2 (or was it Qt 5.1?).
Really looking forward to the adaptable "shell" concept in practice.
Plasma ftw
I really really like the strong opinion that plasma developers have on having just the right UI on every device. In my opinion the approach to have one UI that fits every device, which seems to be the goal of many projects, does not feel right.
So thanks to the plasma team for showing how its done :)
Sounds great
This sounds great really looking forward to it. Thanks


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Just a quick reminder that VH1 will be livestreaming the Global Citizen Festival, a benefit concert to support the Global Poverty Project, on Saturday, September 29 from 4:30 to 9:00 p.m. ET. Just head over to Globalfest.MTV.com to watch the festival, which will be held in New York City's Central Park, in its entirety; you won't want to miss exciting performances from the likes of Neil Young & Crazy Horse, Foo Fighters, The Black Keys, Band of Horses and VH1 You Oughta Know artist K'Naan. If you happen to be home tomorrow afternoon/evening, our friends over at Palladia will also be broadcasting the concert in its entirety in glorious HD, too.
[Photos: Getty Images]


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Soaps Boards :: As the World Turns Forum :: What are you doing with your extra hour?
Please register and login to be able to post in this message board.
pink kiity
im dying of Bordon and the day seem long and its drags on
Quote Buffyfan428: I sit alone and WEEP.
That's terrible!! I've been very sad this week, wating for 1:00 but no ATWT anymore. It makes me want to weep as well. After 25 yrs of daily watching, old habits r hard to break as someone else said. I watch Bewitched at 1:30 on WGN but nothing else. Miss my soap!!
Quote Tigress1761: I have been recording OLTL for a few months now, to help heal the pain of no more ATWT. I miss it so much, I went online to look up ATWT bumpers for the show. You know, those little commercial breaks with Original Liberty sliding down the banister, and that theme music playing. It was around halftime for the episode, and needed my fix. It was comforting. I think I may find a way to get a ringtone for ATWT on my phone, just to keep it close to me for as long as I want
oh, and Ive taken up crochet....we'll see how that goes....
Whatever happened to Original Liberty? One day she was there and the next day she wasn't!! I kept waiting for them to announce her replacement and nothing. I HATED her replacement. Her clothes/hair stunk along w/her acting!! Can I say that now? I hope I won't get banned, lol.
I am playing on the computer, but it doesn't fill the void.
Please register and login to be able to post in this message board.


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Andres I. Vargas Jr., M.D., FACS, 81, of Norwalk, died Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2013, in the Cleveland Clinic.
He was born July 15, 1932, in Negros Occidental, Philippines, to Andres V. Vargas Sr. and Paterna I. Vargas.
After graduating from the University of Santo Tomas College Of Medicine in Manila, Philippines, in 1957, he completed his internship at St. Michael Hospital, Milwaukee, Wis., and was a general surgery resident at Church Home Hospital, Baltimore and Suburban Hospital, Bethesda, Md. He finished his residency in Urology at Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, and at French Hospital/Polyclinic Health Center, New York City.
He was certified by the American Board of Urology and practiced for more than 30 years in Norwalk on the medical staff of Fisher-Titus Medical Center before retiring in 2004. He was a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, a member of the American Medical Association, the Ohio State Medical Association, Huron County Medical Society and the American Urological Association.
Andres enjoyed traveling and spending time with his grandchildren.
He is survived by his wife of 53 years, Dr. Pura Garin-Vargas of Norwalk; children, Andrew R. and Cheryl Huang Vargas of Fremont, Calif., Dr. Albert V. and Karen Vargas of Sandusky, and Arthur T. Vargas of St. Charles, Ill.; grandchildren, Aaron, Alyssa, Albert, Benjamin, Christopher, Natalie, Ethan, and Austin; and sister, Lilia Octavio of Quezon City, Philippines.
He was preceded in death by his parents; granddaughter, Sydney Vargas; sister, Nelly; and brother, Eddie.
Friends may call 2-4 p.m. and 6-9 p.m. Friday, Sept. 20, at Walker Funeral Home, 98 W. Main St., Norwalk. Mass of Christian Burial will be 10 a.m. Saturday, Sept. 21, at St. Mary's Catholic Church, 429 Central Ave., Sandusky, Father Eric Mueller will officiate. Interment will be in St. Alphonsus Cemetery.
Memorial contributions may be made to Fisher Titus Foundation, 272 Benedict Ave., Norwalk, OH 44857.
Condolences may be made by going to edwalkerfuneralhome.com.


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We use Cisco's Netflow Analyser. We can trace usage down to the machine's IP. It shows http,msds,citrix and all other types of traffic. I usually use the freeware lanspy to resolve the IP to the logged on user. Alternatively you can use Group Policy simulator to resolve the user name. It is very good at showing source and destination IP's. This is very good for determining a website that somebosy is downloading from. The only drawback is that you need a cisco switch, although I know it also works on HP Procurve switches.
...all the solutions I have come across seem to require spending an inordinate amount of $$$, or time, or both, before you get any useful data out of them. ProCurve switch is out of range I'm afraid, Cisco *way* out of range.
I found "WebSpy" here on TR and that looks promising, it will read a wide variety of proxy server log files, including squid - or you can install an optional extra logging component on a PC on the network. But it too requires a managed switch with a monitoring (mirror) port... always a "gotcha". At least this can work with a "cheap" switch like Netgear.
Thanks for the input!
I realised just after posting my question that I should have mentioned that I did do some searches, but I onviously had been using the wrong search criteria.
On TR under Software I have now (now that I am being more intelligent about searching) found some stuff with potential (see prev post) and a 'Net-wide google search also - so many choices it's impossible to look into all of them, in fact!
Seems like the holidays will be spent doing research. Oh well who wants to celebrate Christmas anyway!
Since you seem to have found your tracking options. :)
Check the browsers in use in your network and make sure that any prefetching is turned off. Firefox is one that has prefetching enabled by default, but you need to go to about:config to change this, possibly adding the preference entry to turn it off.
Cyfin can connect to squid proxy. I have only seen a trial version and I know it can track internet usage very thoroughly down to the end user. I believe you can test a 30 day trial. It may also suit your situation as you pay by the amount of users in your network.


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A pagination plugin based on Lester Chan's paginav. This plugin adds a slider to the pagination when the number of pages won't fit in the container.
Adds pagination to your WordPress blog. If pagination don't fit into the container, a slider will be added. When hovering over the page numbers, the date from the first post on that page will be displayed.
Based on Lester Chan's ( http://lesterchan.net/wordpress/readme/wp-pagenavi.html ) paginav.
Tested and works in IE6, IE7, IE8, Safari+Chrome, FireFox, Opera (no dates there) & Camino.


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These are a few of the time lapses I gathered this winter while traveling around.
Shots from Lake Tahoe, Alaska, Utah, Switzerland, Colorado, Minnesota, Finland and Japan.
Shot with the Canon 5D Mark II.
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I think im getting close to playing the game. i used wbsf file 1.5 and it converted my iso game to wbsf...whats the next step in playing the game? i have already put it on a usb drive but i only put the wbsf file on the drive and left the wbf1 file off...now when i used my bigger hard drive i put both converted files on the drive but config usb loader still said i didnt have any games to load...help help hellp
Super Monkey Ball Banana Blitz USA/NTSC (Scrubbed) (download torrent) - TPB)


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I'm not anti-government. I believe the government has three very important purposes: the police, to protect us from criminals—the military, to protect us from foreign invaders—and the courts, to settle disputes. But that's it. These three functions were put into place to protect our rights. Any role beyond these three can only take away our rights. Unfortunately, if a government is left unchecked it will grow far beyond these roles and continue to take more and more rights until they are all gone, or until there is a revolution.
By its very nature, an unchecked government will always crave more power. But in order to gain more power, its subjects have to become more dependent on it. This is the real purpose behind the redistribution of wealth, the nationalization of healthcare, and the disarmament of citizens. If eventually all food and supplies are rationed, health care is given out by permission, and citizens rely on the police to protect them from criminals, the unchecked government will have reached its goal: a country full of people who need the government in order to survive.
I'm telling you this so you'll understand why governments do not have a favorable view of survivalists. A group of true survivalists can feed themselves, give each other medical care, and defend themselves from criminals. They don't need the government. In an all-out dictatorship, this will not be allowed. There is a reason why dictators like Hitler, Lenin, Mao and Stalin wanted to disarm their citizens and herd them into the cities: People who own weapons and move about freely are hard to control.
Now if you think the government wants to control you because they care about you, then by all means go find the nearest FEMA camp after the SHTF. But don't complain when you get your daily ration of stale bread, your used cot in a crowded gym, and your lack of medical attention when you desperately need it. A government run amok doesn't care about you; it only cares about controlling you. People who don't understand this will not make it an urban survival situation.
Keep in mind I'm talking about worst-case scenarios. If there is a situation like an earthquake or a hurricane, you probably won't need to hide from the government. But if hyperinflation happens, if certain people are being rounded up, or if WWIII breaks out, you should avoid becoming a refugee at all costs! People who rely on the government are far more likely to end up dead than people who rely on themselves and/or family and friends.Thanks for reading! Sign up for our newsletter to get the One Year Urban Survival Plan for FREE!


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Robert Reich: The real economy is jobs and paychecks, what people buy and what they sell. And the real economy — even viewed from a worldwide perspective — is as precarious as ever, perhaps more so.
Peter Baker and David Herszenhorn: Wall Street Reform Reporting Lacking
Joseph Palermo: The massive trading and swapping of Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) and other abstractions cooked up by the fertile minds of sociopathic Wall Street "traders" not only did nothing to lubricate the real economy through financial intermediation, but they helped bring down the entire system and cost taxpayers hundreds of billions of dollars.


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Premier League Preview: Tottenham Hotspur
Aug 12, 2013, 9:00 AM EDT
Each day from now until the beginning of the Premier League season, we will preview two teams from England's top flight. You can view them all here at PST Preview central. Don't forget, the 2013-14 PL season begins on August 17th, and for the first-time ever you can watch every game live on NBC Sports.
After claiming fourth in 2011-12, Tottenham "regressed" last season, their first under André Villas-Boas. Regressed is in quotes because the club posted their best point total in a 38-game season, matched their largest win total in the Premier League era, and made the quarterfinals of Europa League. Along the way, one of the brighter young managers in Europe started to remake the squad he'd inherited from Harry Redknapp, a process that should start to reap rewards this season.
Transfers In: W Nacir Chadli (Twente), M Paulinho (Corinthians), F Roberto Soldado (Valencia)
Transfer Out: D Steven Caulker (Cardiff City), F Clint Dempsey (Seattle Sounders)
Key Player: Sometimes you have to think long and hard about which player's going to have the greatest impact on a team's season. Other times you get the team that has Gareth Bale.
If he's sold to Real Madrid (which seems unlikely at this point), Tottenham gets the largest transfer package in history, somewhere close to a $130 million evaluation. They spend some of that this window, some in January, some next summer; regardless, they're able to address multiple areas of need. Whether they can replace the attacker's 21 league goals morphs into a debate as to whether improvements at the back and the influx of quality depth do enough to offset the loss.
And if Daniel Levy keeps Bale? The 24-year-old keeps improving, just as he's done every season. With a year's experience, Villa-Boas knows how to get the most out of him, forgoing the try-and-error period during the season's opening months. In the coach's favored 4-3-3, Bale makes yet another leap and starts to justify the vague Cristiano Ronaldo comparisons that have latched on to him this summer.
Manager: Still only 35, Villas-Boas has already amassed over three years or top-flight experience, and while his third season (a short spell at Chelsea) was initially viewed as a disaster, history has been kind to the former Porto boss. Between the work he's done at White Hart Lane and the troubles Chelsea saw last year, his time at Stamford Bridge is now seen as a young manager being a bad fit for a idiosyncratic squad.
This year, however, between Paulinho and Soldado, Villas-Boas has the pieces to implement his preferred approach. While he did well playing a 4-2-3-1 last season, now Villas-Boas can play the same system that brought him success at Porto. He'll be expecting a return to Champions League.
Outlook: Spurs have the talent to compete as high as third place, especially if they acquire some depth toward the end of the summer window. More likely, they'll be battling Arsenal for fourth, again, with a large portion of their fate determined by how Arsène Wenger spends his rumored war chest.
MORE: Read all the Premier League previews for each team here
- dhalb34 - Aug 12, 2013 at 9:12 AM
They will finish third. I think Chelsea will take a step back, and Arsenal hasn't done anything special in the transfer window. It all depends on how they start the season. COYS!
- dafootballs - Aug 12, 2013 at 9:31 AM
Richard- It almost seems mandatory to say that Spurs are going to to be better. Pretty much the mantra for the last ten years. And as if providence isn't busy enough, she gutted all Spurs' fans by taking them out of CL ball on a technicality the year they finally got there.
Anything short of CL ball this year has to be considered failure. And to get there they would need to be better than Arsenal. However, they seemed like they should have been better than Arsenal last year with Bale in fine form…but they faded and Arsenal surged when it mattered most. Which brings us to AVB…who you are probably waxing poetic about a little prematurely. It was not an idiosyncratic CFC team that doomed him there, rather immaturity and poor tactics. Can we say the same about the finish last season for Spurs? Arguably so.
- footballer4ever - Aug 12, 2013 at 6:18 PM
"Tot'num". (Chuckles remembering "An American coach in London" promo)
Top Posts
- Jose Mourinho issues Chelsea injury update; believes Arsenal can win Premier League 0
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- Theo Walcott signs lucrative four-year contract at Arsenal; Cazorla extends 0
- Thursday's Transfer Rumor Roundup: Lambert to West Brom, Balotelli back to Italy 3
- Premier League 2015-16 season preview: Manchester United 6
- MLS All Stars 2-1 Tottenham Hotspur: Kaka powers MLS to win 6


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If this account is for you, take the next step.
All applicants are required to complete three online courses regarding financial responsibility. The courses are:
At the end of each course, you will be asked to print out a completion certificate that will be need to be submitted with the Teen Visa application. You will also receive a free music download from e-Music.
The applicant must have a parent or guardian sign the application authorizing parental consent for the teen to apply. The parent is not considered a co-signer and is not obligated for the Visa. The parent granting permission must be a PLCU member in good standing.
Call or stop by your nearest PLCU branch to apply today. You can download and print the Teen Visa Application. You will need to bring all three required completed course certificates and the completed Teen Visa application. You will also need to be between the ages of 15 and 17. If you are not already a member of PLCU, there is a minimum opening deposit of $5 and a one-time $5 membership fee.
30 days after the youth turns 18 years old, the Visa account will expire. PLCU may offer, at its discretion, the issuance of a PLCU Platinum Visa account in its place based on the overall repayment history. Members will be notified 30 days prior to their 18th birthday that the expiration date is forthcoming.
Relationship pricing discounts are applicable to this program. ATM access, cash advances, and Skip-a-Pay are not eligible for this product.
Terms of Use: The Point Loma Credit Union website is for the exclusive use of its members and non-members interested in the services of the credit union. Any unauthorized or unlawful use is strictly prohibited.
Disclaimer: Point Loma Credit Union is not responsible for the privacy practices or the content of websites which we may provide a link to. While all efforts are made to maintain the accuracy of information presented on the Point Loma Credit Union website, we cannot guarantee that all information is current. Please contact the credit union call center directly for the most current information at 858-495-3400.
Copyright © 1998-2015, Point Loma Credit UnionAll rights reserved


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Kick-Start Your Art Journal (Part 2)/
There's a handy index of all of the kick-start prompts.
Remember that you can start a page anywhere, with any concept, any idea, any word, any image, any photograph, any paint, any quote, any shape, any color, any direction. Then take it a step at a time until you feel the page is finished, you run out of time, or you just don't feel like working on it further.
You don't have to follow any rules. You don't have to show anyone your journal pages, or you can show the entire world. Be careful not to get bogged down with what to do with a page... and simply do something!
<limited palette>Try working with just one color, in various shades or textures. Or two colors. Or just neutrals. Or transparent colors.
<recycle scraps>Pull out a pile of small scrap cardstock left from other projects.
<quote>Write or attach a quote to the page first, let the quote guide your color and images, or design your page and then find a quote that expresses the feeling you experience from the quote!
<channel z> Do an art journal page in a style no-one would expect from you. Surprise yourself. Find one of your styles below and go to the opposite end of the spectrum!
- Clean and orderly <--> Grunge, obscure, shock
- Bold, saturated, psychedelic <--> Soft, pastels, peaceful, poetry
- Intense, detailed handwritten journaling <--> Simple quote, alphabet stamps
- One main color <--> Tons of colors
- Painted acrylic background <--> Colored pencil shaded background
- Collaged magazine images <--> Your own photographs OR no imagery only color
<my summer vacation> Pretend you are back in elementary school and your teacher asks the classic question, "What did you do this summer?" Write the response FIRST (or on a simple layer of pale paint or gesso) as the focus of the page, with details or doodles or colors or collage around the journaling.
See all of the Kick-Start Prompts.


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KublaCon 2012
KublaCon 2012 - Hyatt Regency, Burlingame, Burlingame
Fri, May 25, 2012 (12:00 AM) - Mon, May 28, 2012 (12:00 AM)
KublaCon will be hosting a qualifier for the North American Catan Championship. The winner will travel to GenCon 2011 to compete for the North American Title. Please see website for further details. WWCC events are open to United States citizens age 18 and older.


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July 14, 2011: Tony Azevedo is preparing to lead the USA water polo team to the medal podium at the world championships, and he talks about why this year's team can reverse their fourth-place finish at the 2009 worlds. He also talks about what can be done to bring more interest in water polo to the United States.
Daily swimming news and swimmer interviews.


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Fernando Alonso was the master of the wet yet again as he secured his second consecutive pole position at a sodden Hockenheimring ahead of tomorrow's German Grand Prix. The Spaniard was unmatched in a treacherous Q3 session, with local hero Sebastian Vettel four tenths of a second adrift the closest anyone got to the Ferrari pilot.
Qualifying began in the dry, with Q1 completed on slick tyres, but the forecasted rain arrived on cue right at the beginning of Q2. Intermediate tyre were the weapon of choice, but with the rain intensifying further, extreme wets had to be used in the closing stages of the session.
That set the stage for a slip-sliding pole position shoot-out, with wets being the only usuable tyre in the monsoon-like conditions. After one flying lap on his wet-weather tyres, Fernando Alonso's decision to pit for a fresh set of rubber for a final two-lap run to the flag proved inspirational as he was able to find the grip needed to overpower Vettel and his other rivals to claim a 22nd career pole position.
The Spaniard clocked a time of 1m40.904s on his penultimate lap, but being the final driver to cross the finish line before the chequered flag fell he would have the the best of the ever-drying conditions. In the end he didn't need the improving track to secure pole, as Vettel could only manage a time of 1m41.026s, with team-mate Webber claiming third on a 1m41.496s.
Alonso nevertheless completed his final lap and lowered the benchmark to 1m40.621s to put his first German Grand Prix pole position beyond any doubt, with Vettel and Webber joining him in the top three. A five-place grid position for an unscheduled gearbox change drops Webber to eighth on tomorrow's starting grid however, meaning Michael Schumacher (1m42.459s) is promoted to third.
Behind Schumacher will be fellow countryman Nico Hülkenberg (1m43.501s), followed by Pastor Maldonado (1m43.950s), Jenson Button (1m44.113s) and Lewis Hamilton (1m44.186s). Force India's Paul di Resta will start where he qualified in ninth (1m44.889s), while Lotus's Kimi Räikkönen rounds out the top ten (1m45.811s).
Q2 saw two big scalps take the plunge as they failed to get their intermediate tyres working properly in the worsening conditions. Daniel Ricciardo (1m39.789s) was quickest of those who dropped out, closely followed by Sauber's Sergio Pérez (1m39.933s) and Kamui Kobayashi (1m39.985s). The Mexican will have to take a five-place penalty for blocking Alonso and Räikkönen during the session however.
Ferrari's Felipe Massa was the first of the big names to drop out after posting a time of 1m40.212s, while Mercedes' Nico Rosberg was another having finished only 17th on a 1m41.551s. Sandwiched between the big-hitters were Romain Grosjean (1m40.574s) and Bruno Senna (1m40.752s).
It was business as usual in first 20 minutes of qualifying, with Jean-Eric Vergne joining the three formerly new teams on the sidelines at the end of the dry session. Vergne's time of 1m16.741s was easily quicker than those behind, with Kovalainen (1m17.620s) beating Petrov (1m18.531s), Pic (1m19.220s), Glock (1m19.291s), de la Rosa (1m19.912s) and Karthikeyan (1m20.230s).
Alongside Webber and Pérez, Grosjean and Rosberg also incur five-place grid penalties for tomorrow's race, both for unscheduled gearbox chances. The latter three penalties push Pérez, Grosjean and Rosberg down to 17th, 19th and 21st respectively. The provisional starting grid can be found here.


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The Broom of the System by David Foster Wallace. Had this on my bookshelf for a while, and I'm not sure why I put off reading it. Like The Pale King, there were chapters I wanted to send to others because they were just that well written. And the names. My god, the names: Lenore Stonecipher Beadsman, Candy Mandible, Mindy Metalman, and of course Norman Bombardini (who plans on eating enough to eventually encompass all space in the universe (and who makes a grotesquely noble effort towards that goal)). Every few chapters could be studied as a Bach-like invention in writing styles and challenges, few being, for all the virtuosity, too challenging. Its inventiveness will have you smiling throughout.
A Fire Upon the Deep by Vernor Vinge. A year or so ago I'd read and loved his more recent novel Rainbows End, set in a remarkably believable near future. This was set in a future far distant, tens of thousands of years from now. The key conceit--of the many that are truly unique--is that species intelligence and natural laws can change across different zones in the galaxy. Higher level zones allow FTL travel; the highest contain intelligences comparable to gods. The book starts with a short prologue narrating the events--with the right mix of tech and tech-babble--of a high-level intelligence's take-over of an archaeological dig. The outcome, we're told in the first few pages, will destroy several species and last for centuries to come. Needless, there is a grandiosity to the drama.
vN by Madeline Ashby. In this now (50%) but have no idea why I downloaded it to my Kindle! [ updated 22 Mar 2015] Aha. It was based on a recommendation by Kameron Hurley. I must've heard a recommendation somewhere. Probably io9 again, although their last few months of recommendations have been poor. It's a cheap romp around a future where vNs (i.e. John von Neumann), built by an Xtian millenarian cult to look after those "left behind", struggle integrating with society. An unlikely premise but entertaining all the same.Continue reading "Three recent books"
Opening sentence:
Past the flannel plains and blacktop graphs and skylines of canted rust, and past the tobacco-brown river overhung with weeping trees and coins of sunlight through them on the water downriver, to the place beyond the windbreak, where untilled fields simmer shrilly in the A.M. heat: shattercane, lamb's-quarter, cutgrass, sawbrier, nutgrass, jimsonweed, wild mint, dandelion, foxtail, muscadine, spinecabbage, goldenrod, creeping charlie, butter-print, nightshade, ragweed, wild oat, vetch, butcher grass, invaginate volunteer beans, all heads gently nodding in the morning breeze like a mother's soft hand on your cheek.
Opening sentence of Infinite Jest:
I am seated in an office, surrounded by heads and bodies.
I would love to purchase chapter 19 and send it to many friends. It manifests every political/social/philosophical discussion we've ever had. I just finished the kernel of the book--chapter 22, pages 154 through 252. A daunting, directed bildungsroman. Overall a less flagrantly bleak worldview and more bleakly hopeful. I have yet to go back and map all of the characters I've met at various ages and when I've met them. This should have been done, casually and without too much effort, from the start. There are many.
I received the book, pre-ordered, the Friday before NYC whereas it officially comes out tomorrow on tax day.Continue reading "The Pale King; David Foster Wallace"
I always think about David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest when I stream some audio or video or, more recently, download a public domain book. In one of those conversations in the book that feels like a musical canon or fugue--multiple speakers in conversation yet each part sounds oddly independent--Orin Incandenza rhapsodizes on how he misses discursive mass media in their current world of everything on demand. Beginning on page 599, speaking with a supposed survey-taker:
'I miss TV,' Orin said, looking back down. He no longer smiled coolly.
'The former television of commercial broadcast.'
'I do.'
'Reason in several words or less, please, for the box after REASON,' displaying the board.
'Oh, man.' Orin looked back up and away at what seemed to be nothing, feeling at his jaw around the retromandiibular's much tinier and more vulnerable throb. 'Some of this may sounmd stupid. I miss commercials that were louder than the programs. I miss the phrases "Order before midnight tonight" and "Save up to fifty percent and more." I miss being told things were filmed before a live studio audience. I miss late-night anthems and shots of flags and fighter jets and leathery-faced Indian chiefs crying at litter. I miss "Sermonette" and "Evensong" and test patterns and being told how many megahertz something's transmitter was broadcasting at.' He felt his face. 'I miss sneering at something I loved. How we used to love to gather in the checker-tiled kitchen in front of the old boxy cathode-ray Sony whose reception was sensitive to airplanes and sneer at the commercial vapidity of broadcast stuff.'
... 'I miss summer reruns. I miss reruns hastily inserted to fill the intervals of writers' strikes, Actors' Guild strikes. I miss Jeannie, Samantha, Sam and Diane, Gilligan, Hawkeye, Hazel, Jed, all the syndicated airwave-haunters. You know? I miss seeing the same things over and over again.'
Patton Oswalt touches on this in a Wired editorial titled "Wake Up, Geek Culture. Time to Die" [ via Slashfilm ]. His main premise is that easily accessible culture has changed the fan from someone who scours book stores or record stores or rarity catalogs over years, to someone who downloads the equivalent in an afternoon. Appreciation without effort alters the relationship.
The problem with the Internet, however, is that it lets anyone become otaku about anything instantly. In the '80s, you couldn't get up to speed on an entire genre in a weekend. You had to wait, month to month, for the issues of Watchmen to come out. We couldn't BitTorrent the latest John Woo film or digitally download an entire decade's worth of grunge or hip hop.
I'm sympathetic with the impulse behind his thesis (before it goes very far afield around halfway through), but not necessarily with the pejorative conclusion. I was driving home yesterday with my Android on the dash showing me POV traffic via Google Maps and listening to streaming Radio Swiss Classic (a Joseph Haydn Symphony, I see, by looking up that timeslot on the internet). Fifteen years or so prior, I had a Newton that I'd only dreamed would have access to such "cyberspace" niceties, and my dreams were probably much paler than the wealth we ended up with. I worry some about the decadence of immediacy, but not yesterday. Yesterday, the immediacy and the realization that it doesn't even register to teenagers made me more interested in what the next wealth will be. We sorta saw this coming (remember that commercial from 10 or so years ago with the guy checking in to the dusty roadside motel and the attendant offering him any movie or recording he wanted for entertainment?) so we can probably see the next wealth coming.
(based on notes taken during)
not an important decision.Again, I'm reminded of The Windup Girl. The Berger decision will be the moment in time that is most remembered as when corporations were given primacy over life.
The first industrial revolution is not working. It is flawed. It is unsustainable.- Ray Anderson
Decided on Friday to join Infinite Summer for the next three months and re-read Infinite Jest. I had read it once before beginning in October 2002. This was in the middle of the three-year vow to get back to reading and read at least one book a month. I'll assume for many subsequent months, those books were read in parallel. I hessitated to join the, now large, online reading group for all the reasons others had: intimidated, afraid of commitment, etc. At 55 pages in, I have no regrets and am somewhat obsessed with the book. Much easier the second time through.
Some links of note:
Misc.: Taking advice from someone's Twitpiced book to use two bookmarks: one for the story proper and one for the footnotes. Many west-coasters were having a difficult time finding a copy! There's some new edition out, but it's not so new that IS could be pegged as a (decidedly weird) publicity stunt. I have no idea where I got my copy in 2002; it's from a UK division of Little, Brown, and Co. called Abacus. Every blurb on the cover is from a different British publication.
[ updated 14 August 2009 ]
Found an obit over at IFC. Contains links to many of DFW's writings available online.
Martin Freeman plays Tim in the British Office. John Krazinsky plays Jim in the American Office. Wikipedia has a list of all of the parallel universe characters.
Martin Freeman has a personal Web site where you can purchase his CD of Motown covers. Not really interested in Motown, but good for him. Three out of five from five customer reviews. I still haven't seen H2G2 or Love, Actually.
John Krazinsky is apparently not as tech-savvy but is certainly getting some literary cred. According to Lisa and TV Guide, he's working on a movie adaptation of David Foster Wallace's short story "Brief Interviews with Hideous Men" due out in 2007. I had read Wallace's other collection of short stories, Oblivion, back in September of 2004. Even his short stories have an unbelievable density to them, so "Brief Interviews" should be worth looking for.
A week or so ago, Sound & Fury returned to the music blogging scene (furiously) with an entry that contained amazingly long sentences on the verge of un-understandability (89 words). I loved it. I had written an entry on it. Then I deleted the entry because my praise and rambling was directionless, even though what drew me to it (although much draws me to the S&F blog, as it acts the counter-weight to the permissive newness and, as he likes to label it, postmodernism of modern aesthetics and those ideas that I both champion and challenge) was the artful and almost impenetrable overlong sentences. Who likes those run-on tight-rope walks of grammatical daring? I do. Almost as much as hyphens.
Anyway, one of my other favorite blogs-who-serve-to-take-me-to-school is of course Language Log. I had apparently missed their (singular "they") post on the sad demise of embedded clauses in our presidents' speeches only to catch up when Trent Reznor is referenced.
And I realize the appreciation, or at least my appreciation, may have come in part from that of David Foster Wallace's writing (ignoring whether I was drawn to it from appreciation or whether I'm drawn back from learned appreciation). Although who doesn't love a good discussion of semantic complexity?
This commencement speech by David Foster Wallace made a timely appearance today on Blogdex.
I woke up slightlly hung-over this morning after a fancified dinner out with friends and had the worn-out, world-weariness that often accompanies a draining evening of manic mood. Sometimes I'm tired of feeling as if I'm constantly running. And tired of always trying to shoot a few meters in front of my current position. It's not as if I work too much or achieve too much or even that I'm constantly busy. It's just that every nowandthen the number of spinning plates manifests itself and I think about how many I've broken already and am waiting for the whatever. The inevitable. I suspect that it's a not uncommon feeling that hits everybody when they're at their weakest.
And I thought about what it is like for someone to have their beliefs crushed or at least abandoned. Any beliefs. And those beliefs could be Completely True or Completely False and Ugly, but there's a type of experience where the abandonment doesn't mark a growth but instead a chopping off and the person is never the same. In mourning. Not that I've had my "beliefs crushed," mind you, but it's an interesting psychology and sortof goes hand-in-hand with the spinning plates. As you struggle to achieve whatever it is you're trying to achieve, and trying to achieve it because it's part of your belief system or whatever, you could eventually at some point invalidate that belief system. (Coincidentally, I had to re-write a small section of code today after realizing that: it sucked. This was, however, a "growth" type of thing and not one of those "chopping off" types of things.)
Anyway, DFW speaks a little on these subjects and others.
So much new music and so many new ideas:Continue reading "Then, near the end, We raise the key from A to B"
Maximalism [Wikipedia]. A term I've heard frequently but have only now looked it up. Art with a rich density of style and content.
Works from this genre are generally bright, sensual, and visually rich. ... Maximalism is used to describe the very extended post-modern novels, such as those by David Foster Wallace and Thomas Pynchon, where digression, reference and elaboration of detail occupy a greater and greater fraction of the text.
I finally understand the label and then Salon says it's dead!
David Foster Wallace would be proud. Or scared.Continue reading "Year of Glad"
Tonight at 7:00, WABE is broadcasting a David Foster Wallace interview recorded at City Arts & Lectures. The City Arts & Lectures shows are recorded at the Herbst Theatre in San Francisco on Van Ness.Continue reading "David Foster Wallace interview"
More books!
|How We Are Hungry
|Dave Eggers
|David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest: A Reader's Guide
|Stephen Burn
|Oblivion: Stories
|David Foster Wallace
The IJ reader's guide should be fun--it'll be nice to get a "hard" analysis that I was incapable of while reading. This site is a good resource for references and analysis too.Continue reading "Book order"


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Wicked winter conditions in Fairlawn
Feb. 18, 2014: WKYC's Joe Cronauer reports live from Fairlawn to showcase the wicked wintry weather conditions. Joe said this morning was the worst drive he's had all winter so far. WKYC-TV


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Recipe by Chef John
"This vinaigrette is especially gorgeous with a classic fall/winter salad palette. I served it over some endive garnished with persimmons, pistachios, and pomegranate seeds, and it tasted as bright and pretty as it looked."
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1/4 cup
cranberry sauce
1/4 cup
Dijon mustard
1 clove
garlic, peeled
salt and ground black pepper to taste
1/4 cup
rice vinegar
1/4 cup
apple cider vinegar
1/4 cup
walnut oil
1 cup
vegetable oil
I liked this recipe a lot but next time will use 1/2 the amount of dijon mustard. It overwhelmed the cranberry flavour. Also made quite a bit so unless you have a large crowd--plan on storing at least 1/2 in a jar in refrigerator.
This is an excellent salad dressing. It is a little tart, not too sweet and is very easy to make. I used jellied cranberry sauce but I think that a whole berry or better yet homemade cranberry sauce would be even better. Enjoy!
5 Ratings
I made this dressing to go with my Thanksgiving meal. As another reviewer pointed out, it does make a lot (over 2 cups). I blended the ingredients with an immersion blender, and that did a fine job of emulsifying the oil.
One reviewer said the Dijon overwhelmed the cranberry flavor. That was not my experience, but I suspect that might be due to the style/brand of Dijon/cranberry sauce used. I tend to dislike Dijon (too strong), but have found I don't mind the Musette "traditional" Dijon. As for the cranberry sauce, rather than canned or jellied cranberry sauce, I used a Cranberry-Orange Relish that Publix grocery stores sell in their deli around the holidays. The results were a good blend of Dijon and cranberry flavors... but I still felt that this dressing was lacking something in its flavor profile. The recipe, as it stands, is very heavy on the sour end of the flavor spectrum. Tart cranberry relish (using canned or jellied might well sweeten it up some though), tart Dijon, sour vinegars (even rice vinegar is more sour than sweet)... I think this dressing needs something sweet to balance all that sour!
I plan to make this again for Christmas, but I am going to change it up slightly. I'm going to use jellied cranberry sauce, and make it a few days in advance, to allow the flavors to develop. At that point I'll see if I need to add some honey for balance. I already know I need to add more salt/pepper. A similar recipe called for 1/4 teaspoon for each, so I'll try that.
This dressing is pretty darn good! What a nice holiday flavor. The amount of dressing was too much for one or two people. Though, if you are having a small gathering (as we are) it is perfect. I used my fresh, home made cranberry sauce in it. Delish! I did not find the dijon over-powering. I used Maille Original Dijon.
I really liked this dressing. It kind of reminded me of raspberry dressing, but without the pesky seeds. I only made 1/4 of the recipe, because I wanted a little salad dressing just for this evening. I followed the recipe. I then realized I forgot the garlic and it tasted fine. I used grapeseed oil for the walnut oil and safflower oil for the vegetable which was what I had on hand. For the cranberry sauce I used Trader Joes cranberry sauce with orange. Flavor works for me, just wish it was a little lower in calories. A little goes a long way on a salad though. ty
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Cranberry Mustard Salad Dressing
Serving Size: 1/18 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 18
Amount Per Serving
** Calories: 144
** Calories from Fat: 136
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Soil Stress-Strain Behavior: Measurement, Modeling and Analysis: A Collection of Papers of the Geotechnical Symposium in Rome, March 16-17, 2006 (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications)
Authors:Hoe I. Ling, Hoe I. Ling, Luigi Callisto, Dov Leshchi
Publisher: Springer
Keywords: rome, symposium, geotechnical, march, solid, applications, mechanics, papers, collection, strain, stress, behavior, measurement, analysis, modeling, soil
Number of Pages: 1016
Published: 2007-10-11
List price: $259.00
Cooking the Chinese Way: Revised and Expanded to Include New Low-Fat and Vegetarian Recipes (Easy Menu Ethnic Cookbooks)
Author: Ling Yu
Publisher: Lerner Publications
Keywords: recipes, vegetarian, easy, menu, cookbooks, ethnic, low, new, way, chinese, revised, expanded, include, cooking
Number of Pages: 72
Published: 2001-09
List price: $25.26
Introduces fundamental of Chinese cooking, including special ingredients and cooking utensils. Also provides recipes for suggested dishes.
Authors:You-Li Sun, Dan Ling,
Publisher: Algora Publishing
Keywords: man's, story, one, china, communist, engineering
Number of Pages: 248
Published: 2003-08
List price: $28.95
Dan Ling, a patriotic young engineer eager to help build a new China, falls afoul of the authorities and spends 17 years as a political prisoner. Rehabilitated after Deng Xiaoping came to power, Dan returns to work with unflagging determination to help provide a good life for himself and his people after enduring prison, work camps and work farms, and the primitive lif e of the social outcast breaking new ground on the frozen northern frontier. Youli Sun is Director of American University's Beijing Program. He holds a PhD from the University of Chicago and did post-doctoral studies at Wa
Supply Chain Management: Concepts, Techniques and Practices Enhancing the Value Through Collaboration
Author: Ling Li
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Keywords: enhancing, value, collaboration, practices, techniques, chain, management, concepts, supply
Number of Pages: 372
Published: 2007-06-27
List price: $93.00
Integrating theory and practices of supply chain management, this book incorporates more than 15 years of supply chain and operations management research and industry consulting experience to both government and industry firms. The coverage focuses on how to build a competitive supply chain using viable management strategies, operational models, decision-making techniques, and information technology. It includes a core presentation on supply chain management and new initiatives such as e-commerce, collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR), data mining, knowledge management,
Author: Lee Gek Ling
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Keywords: china, students, english, teaching
Number of Pages: 216
Published: 2003-08-01
List price: $20.00
There are more than one billion people learning English as a second language around the world, and the majority of these language learners are in China. This book provides teachers of English to Chinese students with relevant information on the linguistic, cultural and pedagogical backgrounds of these students. The authors analyze the importance (and sometimes unimportance) of this background, and provide information on successful classroom teaching methods and student learning strategies. The authors from the Center for English Language Communication, at the National University of Singapore h
Author: M. Ling Pan
Publisher: Pyrczak Publishing
Keywords: quantitative, approaches, qualitative, reviews, literature, preparing
Number of Pages: 191
Published: 2007-09
List price: $39.95
Author: Ling-hin Li
Publisher: The Chinese University Press
Keywords: kong, hong, land, appraisal, development
Number of Pages: 260
Published: 2006-02-15
List price: $32.00
This book provides the market and the profession an overall view of the land management system in Hong Kong by presenting a combination of both factual account of the system and practice as well as some academic and theoretical discussion of the application of development appraisal models. The author discusses various basic appraisal models and gives his views on the future development of cash flow model to be applied in land. This is not only a useful guide to investors investing in Hong Kong, but also an important reference for development appraisal taking place in a similar land market, Mai


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Bologna captain Marco Di Vaio believes Emiliano Viviano would make a big mistake if he left the club for Inter this summer.
Inter own 50 per cent of Viviano's contract and have made no secret of their desire to draft the Italy international in to replace Julio Cesar.
Speaking to Sky Italia, Di Vaio said: "Viviano would commit a grave error in my opinion if he were to leave for Inter.
"He is young and needs to play.
"He can't be on the bench at a big club. I have always told him so."
Think you know your Italian football? Share your knowledge, tips and comments to win cash prizes in OLBG's tipster competition - £11,000 to be won monthly!


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Item: HP008
If you are dissatisfied for any reason, we'll give you a full refund and pay return shipping. Lee Swanson, President of Swanson Health Products
Serving Size 6 Capsules
Servings per Container: 33
|Amount Per Serving
|% Daily Value*
|Calories from Fat
|Total Fat
|0 g
|0 mg
|Total Carbohydrate
|2 g
|Dietary Fiber
|2 g
|Soluble Fiber
|2 g
|0 mg
|Psyllium Husk Fiber
|3 g
*Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000 calorie diet.
†Daily Value not established.
Recommended use: For Adults (150 lbs or more) begin by taking six capsules per day an 8 oz glass of water, juice, or your favorite beverage. After two weeks, gradually increase dosage up to six capsules three times daily. For children and adults weighing less than 150 lbs, take half the regular adult dosage.
Suggested use for weight management: Take six capsules about a half hour before eating. The psyllium husk in Colon Cleanse promotes the feeling of fullness, and reduces food intake at mealtime. Be sure to drink plenty of water and eat a sensible diet.
Notice: This food should be eaten with at least a full glass of liquid. Eating this product without enough liquid may cause choking. Do not eat this product if you have difficulty in swallowing.
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