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Pad Thai
OPEN KITCHEN with NATHAN SCOTT
Pad Thai
Whether served mild or spicy, Pad Thai is a simple and healthy meal that everyone is sure to enjoy.
Serves 4
|ounces dried flat rice noodles
|tablespoons soy sauce
|tablespoons lime juice, freshly squeezed, plus lime wedges, for garnish
|tablespoon light brown sugar, firmly packed
|tablespoon vegetable oil
|large eggs, lightly beaten
|Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper
|pound lean pork meat, cut into site-sized slices
|medium carrots, peeled and cut into matchsticks
|scallions, thinly sliced, plus more for garnish
|cloves garlic, peeled and minced
|Crushed red pepper flakes
|ounces beans sprouts, rinsed and drained
|cup dry-roasted peanuts, chopped
|cup fresh cilantro leaves
- Prepare the rice noodles according to the package instructions, drain and set aside. In a bowl, combine the soy sauce, lime juice, and brown sugar. Whisk until well combined, and set aside.
- In a large sauté pan, heat the vegetable oil over medium-high heat until hot, but not smoking. Add the egg to the pan, tilting the pan to coat the bottom of the pan in a thin layer of egg. Season the egg with salt and black pepper, and cook until the egg is set. Then, transfer the egg to a cutting board. Cut into thin, noodle-like strips and set aside.
- Return the sauté pan to the heat. Add the pork and carrots. Cook, tossing often, until the pork is cooked through, 5 to 8 minutes. Add the scallions and garlic. Season to taste with crushed red pepper flakes and continue to cook until the garlic is tender, about 1 minute more.
- Add the noodles, bean sprouts, cooked egg, and reserved soy sauce mixture to the sauté pan, tossing until well combined and heated through. Remove from the heat and garnish the Pad Thai with the roasted peanuts, cilantro leaves, additional fresh scallion, and lime wedges.
Nathan Scott is the author of Nathan Scott's Open Kitchen: Annual Recipes 2011
Follow him on Facebook at: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Nathan-Scotts-Books/138016506234359
Copyright © 2014 by Nathan Scott. All rights reserved.
Category: Open Kitchen


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US News
WEDNESDAY, Jan. 14 (HealthDay News) -- New research may one day help physicians identify those patients with gastrointestinal cancers who are most likely to benefit from certain treatments.
The discoveries, paving the way toward an era of personalized medicine, could save the U.S. health-care system millions while sparing patients the agony of receiving treatments that aren't going to help them.
"These are a diverse group of tumors," said Dr. Jennifer C. Obel, an attending physician at NorthShore University Health System in Illinois, who moderated a Tuesday teleconference on the findings. "More than 270,000 people are diagnosed with GI [gastrointestinal] malignancies in the U.S. every year, and about 135,000 succumb to these illnesses on a yearly basis. How do we distinguish those patients most likely to benefit from treatment and screening than those who are not?"
The findings come from four studies being highlighted at the sixth annual Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, in San Francisco.
Gastrointestinal cancers are those that affect the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, small intestines, colon, rectum and anus.
A first study found that testing patients with metastatic colorectal cancer for a specific gene mutation which affects how they respond to therapy, then treating accordingly, could save the U.S. health-care system up to $604 million a year.
The analysis follows on earlier research which found that the monoclonal antibody Erbitux (cetuximab) was only effective in patients who have the normal -- not the mutated -- form of the KRAS gene.
The study authors plugged incidence data on colorectal cancer into an economic model and found that testing for KRAS status in all newly diagnosed patients would cost $13 million, while unnecessarily treating those with mutant KRAS genes would cost $617 million, resulting in a net savings of $604 million.
The study was led by Dr. Veena Shankaran, a postdoctoral fellow at the Veterans Administration Center for the Management of Complex Chronic Care and Northwestern University's Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center in Chicago. It was funded by ImClone Systems Inc., which makes Erbitux. Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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Internationally recognized dyslexia and ADD expert Susan Barton to provide FREE seminar for educators April 19 at Peru State
(Peru, Neb.) Susan Barton, an internationally recognized expert in the fields of dyslexia and attention deficit disorder (ADD), will present a free seminar on symptoms and solutions of dyslexia from 6-9 p.m. Thursday, April 19 in the Peru State College (PSC) Theatre.
There is no charge to attend the event, which is open to the public. Participants are asked to reserve a seat online at www.perustate.eventbrite.com.
PSC Dean of the School of Education Dr. Jodi Kupper said, "We're very excited about Ms. Barton's visit to Peru State. It's a wonderful opportunity for current teachers, teacher education candidates, parents and families to increase their knowledge of dyslexia and its impact on teaching and learning."
District 29 Title I Teacher Wendy Engles, an organizer for the event, said, "We are grateful to Peru State College for hosting the Susan Barton seminar. Parents and teachers will greatly benefit from Susan's expertise as dyslexia continues to be undiagnosed in approximately 20 percent of school age children."
Barton began her work in the field of dyslexia after watching her nephew, Ben, have significant difficulty in school. After receiving special training, Barton spent years tutoring adults with dyslexia in literacy programs and then children with both dyslexia and ADD/ADHD in professional clinics. She is trained in seven different Orton-Gillingham based systems and most of the Lindamood-Bell programs.
Barton founded Bright Solutions for Dyslexia in 1998. The mission of the organization is to educate parents and teachers about causes, symptoms, and research-based solutions for children and adults with dyslexia. Barton also developed the Barton Reading and Spelling System, an Orton-Gillingham influenced system designed specifically for parents, home school parents and volunteer tutors in literacy programs.
In addition to offering seminars to the public, Barton conducts in-service trainings for school districts throughout North America on the causes, symptoms, appropriate remediation techniques, and classroom accommodations for students with dyslexia and/or ADD. She has presented at many state and regional conferences for organizations such as the Association of Christian Schools International, International Reading Association, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Oregon and Canadian Dyslexia Associations, Learning Disabilities Association, and California Association of School Psychologists, to name a few.
Barton is an instructor of Phonemic Awareness and Multisensory Teaching Techniques
at the University of California, Learning Disabilities at West Valley College, and
three graduate-level courses at the University of San Diego: Diagnosing Dyslexia, Understanding Dyslexia & AD/HD, and Tutoring People with Dyslexia. Barton has produced four educational videos on dyslexia which can be viewed for free at www.BrightSolutions.us.
A plaque with Barton's name was recently added to the International Dyslexia Association's Hall of Honor, next to the plaques for Dr. Orton, Anna Gillingham, Reid Lyon, Beth Slingerland, and other internationally recognized authorities in the field of dyslexia.
Barton's visit is being sponsored by the Peru Student Education Association, PSC's Council for Exception Children, and Education Service Unit 4. More information about Barton can be found online at www.brightsolutions.us/.


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The invention provides a method of treating of a well, a formation, or both, with the solids, liquids, or apparatuses, by 1) encasing said solids, liquids, or apparatuses in a water-soluble shell, 2) conveying said encased solids, liquids, or apparatuses to a predetermined location in the well, and then 3) allowing the water-soluble shell to dissolve in the aqueous phase in the wellbore. The shell is preferably made of water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol copolymers and a waterproofing agent. The shell encases a variety of solids, liquids, or combinations thereof, where said solids or liquids are useful in the treatment of the well or of the producing formation. Illustrative encased material includes soap, acid, corrosion inhibitors, chelating agents, scale inhibitors, mutual solvents, paraffin inhibitors, paraffin dissolvers, clay stabilizers, and tracer materials. The encased materials may also be apparatuses, such as a prefabricated screen completion or a prefabricated sand-pack. The tool used to deliver the apparatuses may also be made from a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol copolymer.
1. An apparatus for treating wells comprising:
a) a material useful for treating wells; and
b) a water-soluble shell substantially encasing the material in bulk, said shell comprising at least one discrete layer of a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol co- polymer and at least one discrete layer of a waterproofing agent comprising phenoxy resin or wax or mixtures thereof.
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27. A method of treating a well comprising:
a) substantially encasing, in bulk, material useful for treating wells in a water soluble shell, wherein said shell comprises a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol co-polymer and a waterproofing agent comprising phenoxy resin or wax or mixtures thereof
b) inserting the substantially encased material into the well;
c) transporting said encased material to the desired depth in the well; and
d) leaving the material at the desired depth for a time sufficient for the water-soluble shell to dissolve, thereby exposing the material to fluids in the well.
28. The method of
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31. An apparatus for delivery of well treating materials comprising:
a water-soluble shell comprising at least one discrete layer of a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol co-polymer and at least one discrete layer of a waterproofing agent comprising phenoxy resin or wax or mixtures thereof, wherein the shell has the shape of a substantially cylindrical pipe with two ends.
32. The apparatus of
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35. An apparatus useful for sand control treatment comprising:
a water-soluble shell having the shape of a substantially cylindrical pipe having two ends, said shell comprising at least one discrete layer of a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol and at least one discrete layer of a waterproofing agent comprising phenoxy resin or wax or mixtures thereof.
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The invention relates generally to a dissolvable encapsulating material, and to its use to convey materials, chemicals, and other devices down a wellbore.
In the oils and gas industry there are producing wells which range from several hundred feet to over 20,000 feet in depth. These wells are narrow, often less than six inches in diameter. In addition, these wells typically have smaller diameter tubes suspended therein. It is often necessary to place chemicals or other apparatus at or near the bottom of the wellbore.
In the case of fluids, the current methods of placing chemicals near or at the bottom of a wellbore are to either push a plug of the fluid down the well, displacing fluid in the wellbore, or to suspend a small diameter tube, often called a coiled tube, down the well, and push the fluid down this coiled tube. Both methods have substantial drawbacks. The chemical may absorb or react with components in the wellbore during transit. Additionally, a substantial quantity of fluid and material suspended therein that was in the wellbore is displaced into the producing formation. In many cases this is not desirable. The use of coiled tubing solves many of these problems, but the cost and risk of hanging a small diameter tube into a wellbore is substantial. Also, corrosive attack of this coiled tubing from injected chemicals is often particularly severe, as the pipe walls tend to be thin compared to the well tubulars.
In the case of solids, solids are often displaced as a slurry into the bottom of the well. Accordingly, many of the problems associated with injecting fluids are present.
There is one method where a particular chemical is coated and then is either placed, allowed to fall, or displaced to a predetermined location in the well. This is soap, used to help foam a well and thereby increase the effect of gas lift. The prior art method of insulating the soap solids during transit down a well is to encase the soap in wax. The encased soap is then put downhole, where wax dissolves as the temperature increases.
In certain wells, particularly deep and hot wells, wax encasement is not particularly useful. For example, it is often desirable to place a foaming soap at the bottom of a deep well. The chemicals take longer to place than for a shallower well. The prior art soap-sticks encased in wax had the obvious shortcoming that waxes often melted prematurely, especially in deep wells where prior production had heated the wellbore. Wells generally follow the geothermal gradient, with hot temperatures downhole and cooler near-ambient temperatures near the ground surface. As a rule, the deeper the well, the hotter the bottomhole temperature.
The presence of hot oil and other chemicals, including encapsulated chemicals, may accelerate the dissolution. Furthermore, as the temperature increases, some temperature-activated or temperature-sensitive chemicals exposed by the degradation of the wax to fluids in the wellbore may react prematurely.
Occasionally, especially when fluids had been circulated to the bottom of the wellbore or displaced into the producing formation, thereby cooling the wellbore, waxes do not melt sufficiently fast to provide chemical needed for a start-up. Wax has the additional problem of lacking mechanical strength, especially as the temperature warmed, and wax might easily be abraded off an encased apparatus.
Larger apparatuses, such as resin coated screen and the like, are often difficult to place because the apparatus is easily damaged during transit down a wellbore. Protective material is not often utilized, because such material eventually becomes problematic trash in the wellbore. Wax provides inadequate protection for such apparatuses.
Many times a Frac Pack or Sand Control Treatment is needed to keep a well from producing back formation fines that can eventually plug or choke off the flow of oil or gas. Normal liners and screens cause the well's production to be reduced since screens become plugged or flow restricted. To solve this problem, a screenless completion can be used where resin coated particles are pumped into the wellbore an adjacent formation. this works well with small intervals, but not as well with longer intervals.
The last few years have witnessed a drastic increase in research on encapsulated products and methods to produce such products. This is particularly so in the pharmaceutical field. And it is now becoming recognized that encapsulation technology may be useful in many other fields.
Encapsulation techniques are now used in the oil industry. The uses range from coating magnetic particles with plastic to providing cement accelerators during a well cementing process. Collagen and dissolvable containers may also provide a means for transporting chemicals down a well. The problems with the existing technology are that some of the containers leave a residue which can damage the formation. Others are difficult to mold and lack the strength to withstand the pressures in deep wells.
What is needed is a quick curing molded coating that provides mechanical strength and that can insulate solids, liquids, and even gases during transit down a wellbore, but does not decompose prematurely, and does not leave residue.
The invention is the use of a dissolvable shell composition encasing a material or apparatus, that provides mechanical strength sufficient to protect the encased material during transit down wellbores, including deep and hot wells
The shell is comprised of a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) co-polymer. Additionally, a waterproofing agent such as a phenoxy resin or a wax may be added. Optionally, a plasticizer may be included. The plasticizer may be glycerol, glycerine or soya bean oil. Additionally, a stabilizer may also be included. The stabilizer may comprise stearamide or stearate.
The shell encases a variety of solids, liquids, or combinations thereof, where said solids or liquids are useful in the treatment of the well or of the producing formation. For illustration rather than limitation, the encased material can be soap, acid, corrosion inhibitors, chelating agents, scale inhibitors, mutual solvents, paraffin inhibitors, paraffin dissolvers, clay stabilizers, tracer materials, or other materials useful in the treatment of the well or formation. The encased materials may also be apparatuses, such as a prefabricated screen completion or a prefabricated sand-pack.
The invention is also the method of treating of a well, a formation, or both, with the solids, liquids, or apparatuses, by 1) encasing said solids, liquids, or apparatuses in a dissolvable shell, 2) conveying said encased solids, liquids, or gases to the predetermined location in the well, and then 3) allowing the shell composition to dissolve or decompose in the aqueous phase in the wellbore.
The invention is shell compositions that provide mechanical strength and that can insulate solids and liquids during transit down a wellbore. As used herein, the terms "shell" and "casing" are used interchangeably, and refer to the water-soluble material that provides insulation from wellbore fluids, mechanical strength, or both during transit down a wellbore. It is preferred that once dissolved the shell does not leave substantial residue. The invention is also the various materials and/or apparatuses encased in protective shells for use in wellbores. The invention is also a method of treating wells and formations using the materials transported downhole using protective shells.
The shell must substantially encase the materials or apparatuses to be conveyed downhole. By substantially encase it is meant the materials should be conveyed to the proper depth before being exposed to wellbore fluids. It is recognized, however, that small losses are not important in well treatment, where it is customary to use 20% to 100% excess for any chemical treatment as insurance. The degree of isolation the shell must provide from the wellbore environment depends on the cost of the material, the phase, that is, liquid or solid, and the speed with which the wellbore and fluids therein fluids may react with and render treating chemicals ineffective. For example, it is generally necessary to almost completely encase chemicals such as soap, that is, greater than about 90%, preferably greater than 98%, more preferably 100%, of the surface of the soap is initially covered and isolated from wellbore fluids by the shell. For liquids, including liquid surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, and the like, the shell must isolate the treatment liquid from the wellbore liquid so that at least about 70%, preferably 100%, of the treating liquid remains in the shell when the shell arrives at the desired depth. For solids, the required shell characteristics vary considerably. It is within the skill of one in the art, given the benefit of this disclosure, to design shell configurations to convey and to distribute the treating materials and apparatuses at the desired depth in a well where they will be most effective. For inert materials, such as a pre-made sand-control pack downhole tools or screen, the shell need only encase or contact the apparatus sufficiently to support and maintain the apparatus integrity during transit down a wellbore. In the case of a coated tubing, the tubing can be easily retrieved after the coating is dissolved. For soluble solids, the shell must isolate the solids from wellbore fluids so that an acceptable amount of the solids remain when the encased material reaches the desired depth.
The shell must be able to withstand the temperatures and the hostile environment of the wellbore for a pre-selected amount of time, so that the encased material can be placed in its desired location before the shell integrity is compromised. This will be a function of shell composition, shell thickness, and shell configuration.
The shell, however, must eventually dissolve or decompose in the well fluid. By "water-soluble" it is meant that over a time period varying from about 0.5 hours to about 2 weeks, preferably less than 2 days, essentially all of the polymer or compound will be dis-aggregated and carried away by the water flux in a wellbore. The casing material need not form a solution when it dissolves in the aqueous phase, provided it dis-aggregates into sufficiently small particles, i.e., a colloid, that can be removed by the liquid flux in the well.
It is recognized that some shells may be comprised of compositions that vary with depth. This may be the case when, for example, an outer portion contains more of, or a different copolymer than the inner portion. The inner portion, or the outer portion, may therefore have different properties, for example, be more resistant to degradation or to diffusion of the encased material. Such a shell may be useful for example, the timed release of chemical into a flux of fluids in the wellbore.
It is important that the shell does not degrade prematurely, and does not leave substantial residue. It is recognized that small fragments of a shell may be carried out of the well by the flux of fluids, without dissolving in the traditional sense. To obtain this objective, multilayers of different materials may be incorporated to allow for both solubility and temperature to cause dissolution of the said materials. An optional stabilizer may be added to the outer shell, for example, to give it greater abrasion resistance. The inner shell may use a wax or plasticizer to protect the shell from dissolution and to improve the shelf storage life.
Other compounds may be added to modify the shell properties. For example, adding refined oil will decrease the hydrophilic character of the shell, thereby making it more inert to the brine in the wellbore. Glycerin and the like help stabilize shells during the curing process, but do not substantially lengthen the dissolution time to the extent oils do. Polymers, fibers, and filaments may be added to increase strength or otherwise modify the shell properties. Although not soluble, they can be easily washed from the wellbore by the normally available water flux that is found in the well.
Fabrication techniques for the containers may include any of the standard methods used in forming plastic items. Examples are injection molding, blow molding, and cast extrusion. Downhole carriers may be made in a variety of shapes including a substantially cylindrical or substantially spherical shape. Present day extrusion molding machines can be used to make these carrier shells. For example, in the case of a sphere, two hollow halves of the sphere can be formed and filled with usable chemicals before or after joining the halves together. Once the hollow shell is filled it can be sealed in several ways. One method is to use a drilled hole to load the carrier and then use a plastic plug to seal in the chemical or chemicals being carried. Another method is to use a one way valve to load a liquid chemical into the sphere. The cylinder may be made by extrusion into a hollow pipe and sealed by threaded or other type of end plugs so that the chemical may be loaded and sealed in the cylinder for normal storage and handling.
In molding, the temperature can range from subambient, i.e., about 60° F., to about 400° F. The optimum curing time and conditions depends on the combination of polymers, substitution copolymers, and crosslinkers selected. Curing temperatures between about 80° F. and 400° F. are generally preferred from an operational standpoint.
The preferred shell compositions are comprised of water-soluble PVA copolymers, and a waterproofing agent, preferably wax. Blends of one or more substituted copolymers, paints, stabilizers or plasticizers can also be employed.
Methods of preparing PVA copolymer plastics are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,948,848, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Briefly, polyvinyl alcohol is synthesized by the polymerization of vinyl acetate under basic conditions to form polyvinyl acetate. This is followed by the hydrolysis of ester groups in polyvinyl acetate in either acidic or alkaline mediums. The degree of hydrolysis determines the rate and extent of solubility of polyvinyl alcohol in water. As the degree of hydrolysis increases, the solubility at a particular temperature decreases.
If desired, additives such as stabilizers or plasticizers may be added to the polyvinyl alcohol prior to extrusion or moulding. The additives make to polyvinyl alcohol more pliable and easier to extrude. If a waterproofing agent is desired, the extruded or moulded article is dipped or coated with the waterproofing material.
The shell is in contact with the substrate material or apparatus. The shell is of any effective thickness, typically from about 1 to about 25 millimeters, although the thickness can be outside of these ranges. The shell must be structurally strong and thus thick enough to resist substantial physical and mechanical forces without breaking.
In one embodiment of the invention soap, that is, a surfactant, is encased in a shell that is about one eighth of an inch thick. The soap can be either rectangular, cylindrical, spherical, or any other shape that allows passage down a well. The soap diameter can be between about 1 inch and about 3 inches in diameter. The thickness is not important, except the size must be such that the soap fits through tubulars in the well. The soap is put into the well and can be displaced down the well with injected fluid, or allowed to freefall through the fluid. The encased soap reaches the bottom of the well before the shell has dissolved to the extent that the soap is exposed. Once the shell dissolves, the soap dissolves in the water. This soap later assists in starting the well by foaming, or helps production by facilitating lifting of fluids in the well by gasification.
Other chemicals that can be usefully encased include lime, scale inhibitors, asphaltene inhibitors or dispersants, gels, acids, pH adjusters and buffers, chelants, and the like. A class of chemicals that is especially well suited for encasement are corrosion inhibitors. Such inhibitors are needed from the perforations up. In some applications, a wax-corrosion inhibitor solid is manufactured and put downhole. The encasement allows more effective liquid inhibitors to be used, and eases the handling and placement problems. In addition, inhibitors encased in water-soluble shells can be used even in cool wells where wax may not be appropriate, as lower melting point waxes have substantial handling, storage, and shipping problems.
For those chemicals that may themselves dissolve the casing, such as acids, it is often advantageous to have a water-resistant layer, such as wax, a hydrocarbon, or a polymer gel that prevents the chemical from prematurely attacking the shell.
If wax is used on the interior of the shell to isolate a reactive encased material from the shell of this invention, the wax will protect the shell during manufacture and transport of the encased material. The wax will be selected so that it melts at a temperature below that temperature of the well at which the encased material is intended to be released. Petroleum derived paraffinic waxes having a melting point between about 100° F. and about 450° F. are preferred.
In another embodiment of this invention, the shell itself is coated with a multilayer encapsulation where more than one soluble shell material and/or thermally sensitive material, i.e., wax, is used in discrete layers. Discrete layers of wax and water-soluble material is one preferred embodiment. The wax prevents water from attacking and dissolving the shell until the wax dissolves away in the high temperature environment downhole. Wax may also facilitate handling when there is concern that the encased material may diffuse through the shell or cause problems by leaking during storage.
The exterior shell of the container may be coated with a priming oil-based paint or pigmented shellac. This exterior paint coating will add additional water proofing and storage life to the shell and may be worn away by the abrasive nature of the walls of the wellbore. Scratches in this coating on the journey down the wellbore expose the soluble material and allow dissolution to start.
Another material that can be encased in a water-soluble shell is scale inhibitor. The scale inhibitor can be fluid or solid, and can be dispersed throughout the shell, encased in one continuous mass inside the shell, or encased in a plurality of small, that is, less than about 0.5 inches, preferably less than 0.25 inches in diameter, cavities within the shell. In one embodiment, the shell may be very inert, including combinations of cross-linkable compounds, cross-linkers, and additives such that the dissolution of the shell in water and the subsequent release of scale inhibitor is very slow.
The present invention relates to a method for treating wells and subterranean formations and in one of its aspects relates to a method for treating a subterranean (e.g. hydrocarbon-bearing) formation to alter the flow profile through the formation by injecting a solution of ungelled gelatin into the more permeable zones of the formation and then allowing the gelatin to gel to thereby block or restrict flow through the more permeable zones. The gel is encased in a shell and transported therein to the bottom of the well.
It is necessary to select a shell casing for the specific range of temperatures which will be encountered when practicing the invention in a wellbore. A hydrocarbon formation along the Gulf Coast may have a formation temperature of over 250° F. This assumes a temperature gradient of 1.1° F. per hundred feet of well depth. The degree of hydrolysis of the polyvinyl acetate will determine how easily the shell dissolves at a particular temperature. The higher the degree of hydrolysis, the lower the solubility at a particular temperature.
The reaction-preventive shell casing must be substantially chemically inert to the encapsulated material and to the external medium around it, at the temperatures encountered, for a specific amount of time needed to place the encased material. The shell casing should be resistant to diffusion in either direction, resistant to breakage from mechanical forces, and generally stable through temperature variations. Additionally, the casing must dissolve at the proper time.
The shell casings must also be able to resist substantial physical and mechanical forces without breaking. The encapsulation must remain sufficiently intact during the pumping and circulation processes encountered in placing a material downhole so that a significant amount of material is not released into the well before the desired time. The shearing forces placed on the shells may be substantial, especially for shells encasing larger apparatuses. Shell casings derive much of their strength from being ductile and plastic. This toughness can withstand much of the rigors of the trip down the wellbore such as abrasion and the normal handling that occurs in the field.
Additionally, the protective casings must be able to survive storage, wherein capsule breakage may occur as a result of the weight of the encapsulated material stored in barrels and tanks. For this reason, it may be necessary to perform a washing treatment on the encapsulated materials when removing it from storage prior to use in well workovers or stimulation treatment.
The general shape of the encasing container is cylindrical, although any shape that will fit down a wellbore will suffice. The outside diameter of the container should be smaller than the inside diameter of the wellbore. A common size tube in a well has an inside diameter of about 2.5 inches. A suitable container would have a nominal diameter of 2 inches (1.75 inch internal diameter). The container may be any length necessary to hold the desired amount of encapsulated material with a preferred length of about 1 to about 10 feet. If the container is cylindrical, it may be cast with pipe threads at either or both ends. This would allow multiple containers to be joined together if a longer container is needed. The free ends may be sealed with a pipe cap, also containing threads, and made from the same or similar shell material.
For ease of encapsulation, spherical shaped particles are generally preferred for most encapsulation processes. By spherical it is meant substantially spherical, wherein the edges are rounded and the longest dimension is no more than about two times the shortest dimension. However, a spherical shape is not crucial for some coating processes. Furthermore, a spherical shape is stronger structurally than other shapes, and is more likely to survive unbroken in storage and in transit down a wellbore. Cylindrical shapes, on the other hand, would fall through the fluid and tend to reach the bottom of a well more quickly than other shapes.
The encapsulation process can be one of many methods well known in the art, such as spray coating, condensation, electrostatic coating, and solvent deposition. Most typically, injection molding is the preferred method of manufacture.
One method of encapsulating a bulk material within a shell is to mix the material with precursor to the casing, i.e., with the cross-linkable compound, until a uniform mixture is obtained. The mixture is then admixed with the crosslinker and solidified.
Some encapsulation methods such as spray deposition are more amenable for encapsulating larger apparatuses such as downhole tools or screens.
It is occasionally desirable to add weighing agents to the encased materials so that they can sink in a wellbore. The specific gravity of the shell can range from about 0.5 to about 2, but it is typically between 1 and 1.3. The weighing material is preferably water soluble, for example, calcium chloride, but may be of insoluble materials including granular barite which will on release simply fall into the rat-hole below the perforations. The amount of weighing agent should be sufficient to give the apparatus an overall density of greater than about 1.5 grams per cubic centimeter, preferably greater than about 2 grams per cubic centimeter.
These encased materials are particularly advantageous when a particular chemical is needed at a location downhole, that is, below the wellhead. In addition to soap, asphaltene-inhibitors, scale inhibitors, and corrosion inhibitors are particularly advantageously placed in the aqueous phase near the bottom of a well. These materials are typically needed to protect the wellbore. A series of free falling balls or cylinders can replace downhole chemical injection pumps.
Chemical diffusion through the casings is occasionally desired, for example in certain applications with materials that are needed in low concentrations, such as scale inhibitors. When diffusion is not desired, waxy inner coatings, thicker coatings, certain additives, and occasionally dissimilar crosslinked water-soluble compounds are used in laminate form with multilayer encapsulation, i.e. two or more discrete coatings, with the interface being either distinct or a gradation from one coating to another.
Similarly, it is recognized that two or more materials may be encased in a single shell, either mixed if they are compatible or separated by shell material if compatibility problems exist or if they are very reactive to each other. An example would be combining a metal compound, such as magnesium filings, with an acid, such as hydrochloric to produce an exothermic reaction generating extreme heat. This heat is useful for wax dissolution and for cleaning out wellbores.
If two reactive materials are used, each half of the sphere may be filled with the specific chemical and a flat seal can overlay the filled hemispheres. One hemisphere is then attached to the other hemisphere that is filled with the reactive chemical. Additionally, the sphere or container may be pre-partioned and filled by use of a one way valve for each specific chemical in each chamber. When the container is a right circular cylinder, the use of end plugs or flat seals may be used to carry and/or separate reactive chemicals as long as the plastic will not dissolve in that particular chemical solution. When the plastic does react to the chemical, the container must be pre-coated with a paint, wax, or other temporary coating that will be affected by downhole conditions to dissolve or allow diffusion of the chemicals that are transported to the downhole formation. One example of a coating would be to use a wax with a melt point higher than storage conditions but lower than the downhole temperature of the producing formation. The plastic itself will dissolve after time exposure to high temperature water.
The invention is also useful for workovers and the like where there are fluids in the wellbore that are incompatible with fluids that need to be placed downhole. For example, during fracturing of formations, it is sometimes advantageous to place chemicals not compatible with frac fluids, such as gel breakers, at the bottom of the well. These materials will then be freed from the encapsulating casing, and they can be pumped into the fracture without displacing a wellbore of fluid into the formation.
One particular advantage of the water-soluble shell is that it can be used to place prefabricated mechanical devices downhole. For example, a pipe that can be lowered into and retrieved from a well may be encapsulated. Then, a sand-control pack made from, for example, resin coated screens and/or resin coated proppant, can be built around the outside of the encased pipe. Manufacture of resin coated proppant is described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,955,144, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. This pipe can then be lowered into the well, and when the shell dissolves, the pipe may be easily removed from the sand-control pack and withdrawn from the well.
This sand-control pack, or screenless sand pack, may then itself be advantageously coated with a water-soluble shell. This outer coating helps protect the sand-control pack during transit down the wellbore, but is not necessary in all cases. The shell helps maintain screen and/or sand configurations until the resin sets. Such a shell is particularly desirable when there is only a screen or a resin coated screen, since such screens are often damaged during transit down a wellbore. Resins that coat proppant and screens are typically not tacky at ambient temperatures, but are best if they are not fully cured until downhole temperatures are encountered.
Additionally, when a Frac Pack or Sand Control Treatment is needed, a dissolvable liner or tube which will act as a screen for the placement of the resin coated particles may be used. After the placement is complete, the liner may dissolve. This would allow larger intervals of the wellbore to be treated and would minimize damage in and around the wellbore.
The downhole lines or tools could be dissolvable solid bars to allow a flow pathway after the treatment, or tubular cylinders with variable lengths that could be screwed together to handle various interval sizes. All of these liners can be made from a water soluble polyvinyl alcohol copolymer and a water proofing agent. These liners can also be made with multiple layers to increase strength or adjust the time available for dissolution. The liners may be used with resin coated particles that setup or bond together in and around the wellbore. When these coated particles are pumped into the formation in addition to the wellbore, production stimulation is possible along with effective formation particle control.
While many configurations are possible, an economical version is an extruded plastic tube that is slotted or drilled with holes to allow fluid flow through it. This configuration would help it dissolve in a predetermined manner. Most of the proposed materials have a predictable dissolve time based on the time exposed at a given temperature. After the treatment, hot water could be pumped slowly into the liner to hasten the dissolve time and also set up the resin coated particles into an effective downhole filter. Other uses of a dissolving pipe involve other completion and workover operations. Operations such as cementing could use the dissolving pipe as an advantage during the placement of cement plugs or patch treatments. Also, when using isolating packers between short zones the dissolving pipe or tubing could tie these together for accurate separation and then dissolve to allow easy removal of the packers at a later date. There are many other uses for pipes that dissolve. An example is in horizontal wells where a pathway is required for full production from an interval. The dissolving pipe or tube could allow a larger flow pathway and not complicate future workover operations. One of skill in the art will recognize other uses in well completion, stimulation, and workover treatments.
Wells are treated by encapsulating well or formation treatment chemicals in a water-soluble casing designed to protect the encased material for a predetermined amount of time, and then to dissolve in the aqueous phase. This encased material is placed at the desired location within the well. Preferred methods of placement include lowering encased apparatuses on a slickline or workover string. The preferred method of placement of encased materials is allowing the encased materials to fall through the fluid in the wellbore. The falling velocity may be enhanced by weights, by injecting fluids, or by altering the size and shape of the encased material. Long thick cylinders will tend to have the greatest fall velocity, but they may be damaged on collision with the wellbottom if not properly designed. Spheres fall much more slowly. The shell is designed to protect the encased material or apparatus until the material or apparatus is substantially in place in the well. Preferably, the casing is of sufficient resistance to allow a safety factor in case the materials take longer than anticipated to reach the desired location.
The following examples show the solubility of the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer in water at different temperatures. These solid spheres are obtainable under the trade name of BioBalls™ from Santrol, Fresno, Tex.
The material composition used is a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer under the trade name of BioBalls MR™ made from the hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. The molecular weight is 400,000 to 800,000 daltons and there is about 88% hydrolysis of the polyvinyl acetate. The copolymer has been formed into solid spheres of diameter less than one inch.
The material composition is a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer under the trade name of BioBalls HR™ made from the hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. The molecular weight is 400,000 to 800,000 daltons and there is about 95% hydrolysis of the polyvinyl acetate. The copolymer has been formed into solid spheres of diameter less than one inch. As the temperature is increased above 80° C., the polymer begins to dissolve. One of skill in the art will appreciate that solubility of the copolymer increases only after a certain temperature is reached.
In each of the above examples the material can be used to encapsulate a chemical that is required downhole. With a hollow spherical shape the inside could be filled with the chemical. The chemical may be admixed into the copolymer and then formed into a spherical or other desirable shapes.
To protect the shell until use, a wax or other type of coating could be used to line the inside of the hollow sphere or container. This would prolong shelf life of the shell and protect it during transport. Optionally, the exterior of the sphere or container may be waterproofed. A wax or paint exterior coating would be abraded during the insertion and falling of the containers into the wellbore.
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Dean Lantta
Broker/Owner RE/MAX Action North with offices in Mercer, Wisconsin and Ironwood, Michigan.
Licensed in Wisconsin and Michigan.
Life long resident of the area.
Active in the community:
* Government Affairs Board of Director
* Former Grand Knight for Knight of Columbus
* Member National Association Realtors
* Member Wisconsin Realtor Association
* Member Greater Northwoods Multiple Listing Service
Kathy Tutt
Broker/Owner REMAX Action North With offices in Mercer, Wisconsin and Ironwood, Michigan.
28 years of real estate experience.
Born in Chicago, IL and a resident of Mercer, WI since 1970.
Active in Mercer community:
* Mercer Chamber - Board of Director
* Mercer Planning Committee - Director
* Mercer United Methodist Church-Member
* Mercer Booster Club - Past President & Current Member
* Mercer Sno-a-goers - Member
Hobbies - snowmobiling, ATVing, cross country skiing, reading, and walking property.
I love meeting new people and making friends. Real estate gives me the opportunity do this and to have fun while working!
* Member National Association Realtors
* Member Wisconsin Realtor Association
* Member Greater Northwoods Multiple Listing Service
* Real Estate License 1985 to present
(001) Nancy Zak
Nancy & her husband Tim have lived and raised their 2 children in Ironwood. As an agent with Re/Max Action North she brings enthusiasm and a high level of energy to the office. Her background in banking and prior business ownership along with her attention to detail will be an asset whether you are buying or selling real estate! She received the Rising Star Award for Michigan in 2008 and was inducted into the RE/MAX Executive Club for 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2012. In 2011, 2013 & 2014 Nancy was inducted into the RE/MAX 100% Club! Nancy is also listed in the "2014 Real Trends Best Agents in America". Nancy is not only an animal lover....but also has a love for this area and the outdoors. Her hobbies are running, walking, biking, horseback riding, roller blading, kayaking, downhill skiing, cross-country skiing, ice skating and snow shoeing. If she's not at work she is probably outside enjoying our beautiful Northwoods. Let her help you live where you play! Visit her personal web sites at: www.buyuphomes.com; www.buyironwoodhomes.com; www.buyhurleyhomes.com; www.buybessemerhomes.com and www.buywakefieldhomes.com
(003) Faith Newberry
Michigan licensed salesperson 1979
Wisconsin Broker - 1980 to present
Michigan Broker - 1989 to present
Michigan Licensed Real Estate appraiser 1991 to present
GRI Graduate Realtors Institute - 1986
CRS Certified Residential Specialist - 1987
ABR Accredited Buyers Representative- 1998
Included in the National Directory of Whos Who in Executives and Professionals
1996 - President of the Upper Peninsula Association of Realtors
1994 & 1995 - Officer of the Upper Peninsula Association of Realtors
1988 to present - Director of the Upper Peninsula Association of Realtors
1979 to present - Member of the Upper Peninsula Association of Realtors, Michigan Association of Realtors, The National Association of Realtors
1986 to present - Member of the Realtors National Marketing Institute
1998 to present - Member of the Real Estate Buyers Agency Council
1981 to present - 17 International Awards
1987 to present - 84 State and Regional Awards
2004 Realtor of the Year for the Upper Peninsula
(004) Colleen A Sachs
Colleen Sachs is a licensed Michigan and Wisconsin agent and her strength is in the attention to the many details involved in real estate transactions. As a buyer's agent or seller's agent, she can assist with the purchase or sale of residential or recreational homes, land and commercial businesses. As an e-PRO agent, she is able to provide the best customer service in a quick, courteous and efficient manner. Contact Colleen for help with all of your real estate needs at (906) 364-1445 or via e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com. See also her website at www.realestateupmichigan.com for more information and background.
(005) Karen Gullan
Karen Gullan is a Michigan and Wisconsin licensed Realtor since 1982. Her primary areas of specialty are Residential, Recreational and Vacant Land. As an ABR certified agent, she is available as a Buyer's Agent or Seller's Agent. Contact Karen at (906) 364-3505 or via e-mail at email@example.com. She is available for showings evenings and weekends by appointment. You will be impressed with her knowledge as she has worked for Gogebic County and is currently City Clerk for the City of Ironwood. Karen has also increased her community business relations and is a recent graduate of the Gogebic Range Leadership Academy Program. Looking for answers to your real estate questions -- call Karen today!
(006) Anna L Bolich
Anna Bolich has been a licensed real estate agent since 1985 and has over 20 years of real estate and marketing experience. She lives in Ironwood Township and enjoys the outdoors; horseback riding, skiing, fishing, hiking and exploring. Understanding the challenges of todays real estate market, shes eager to put her sales knowledge and creative ideas to work for customers and clients. With a background in interior design, she is also able to assist sellers by providing tips on making their property more desirable to buyers. Anna is available most evenings and weekends by appointment. Contact Anna Bolich at (906) 364-3549 or via e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com for help with your real estate needs!
(008) Paul Oliver
Paul has been in sales for the past 40 years, although new to the real estate business, his background in business ownership helps tremendously in the understanding of the buying and selling. Born and raised in Ironwood, Paul has first hand knowledge of the whole Gogebic range area. He has skied, ATVed, and snomobiled since he was a child. As a delivery person for over ten years, he gained first hand knowledge of the entire area. Married to his high school sweetheart for over 28 years, they have raised two children. Paul has been community oriented for many years, first as a member of the City of Ironwood Planning Commision for 10 years and currently on the Ironwood Township Planning Commission. Paul's son Nick was involved in high school sports, sparking Paul's interest in becoming a basketball refferee, donating time to the grade school teams to help build the program. An avid NASCAR fan and custom car buff, he can be found Sunday afternoons waxing his car in the garage with the race on. His Lifelong enthusiaum for the area will certainly be an advantage when you are looking to buy or sell. Contact him to see any property with his flexible schedule.
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We are always ready to assist you in any way we can,
please feel free to contact us for your real estate needs anytime at:
RE/MAX Action North Realty
5211 Highway 51 North
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Mercer, Wisconsin
Phone: 715-476-2323
Toll Free: 1-877-350-2323
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Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
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Serving Hurley Wisconsin and Ironwood Michigan Areas
1710 East Cloverland Drive
Ironwood, MI 49938
Phone: 906-932-4110
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The trick to touring Sedona is to schedule time to savor each stop. Don't rush from place to place like a tourist checking European monuments off a list. Stop to contemplate the passage of time marked in the rock formations. Look for petroglyphs. Listen to the wind. If a leisurely pace doesn't allow enough time to see everything, start planning your next visit.
5 classic spots
• Chapel of the Holy Cross. This Catholic chapel, built in 1956, is a favorite with photographers because it appears to shoot up from two spectacular red-rock formations. It is open to people of all faiths who are seeking a spot for contemplation. 780 Chapel Road. 928-282-4069 or www.chapeloftheholycross.com.
• Red Rock State Park. A great place to introduce kids to Sedona's geological formations, Oak Creek and the area's wildlife. A 5-mile network of trails loops through the red rock or the lush greenery of the creek. Guided nature walks are available, or pick up a trail guide and create your own walk. There are videos and slide shows at the visitor center. 4050 Red Rock Loop Road. 928-282-6907 or www.azstateparks.com.
• Oak Creek Canyon. The 30-mile stretch of Arizona 89A between Flagstaff and Sedona has some of the most breathtaking scenery in the Southwest, including towering pines, fluttering aspens, and windswept canyons and rock formations. Take your time and savor the scenery. If traffic backs up behind you, pull off, kick back and let those in the fast lane pass.
• Slide Rock State Park. It would be easy to spend an entire day swimming and touring historical sites at this park 7 miles north of Sedona. Arrive early during warm weather because the parking lot fills up fast. The park is named for a natural water chute that kids of all ages love to glide down. Swimming and sunbathing also are popular. Originally the area was known as the Pendley Homestead, for Frank L. Pendley, who planted apple trees beginning in 1912. He was the first to successfully irrigate land near Oak Creek, and his system is still used in the park. Hike the flat, easy Pendley Homestead Trail to see apple orchards, the original Pendley home and barn and beautiful canyon views. 6871 N. Arizona 89A. 928-282-3034 or www.azstateparks.com.
• Tlaquepaque. Even if you aren't much of a shopper, you can't say you've seen Sedona without at least some window shopping through the courtyards, shops, restaurants and galleries here. Named for the crafts village outside Guadalajara, Mexico, Tlaquepaque is a great place to find unique - though pricey - Southwestern gifts. 336 Arizona 179. 928-282-4838 or www.tlaq.com.
Feel the energy
Some say vortexes are points of intense spiritual energy where those who are open to the experience can see visions of the future or of past lives. Some say they are spots of immense beauty that bring out emotion and artistic passion.
Others call the vortex phenomenon a big scam. No matter where you fall on the spectrum, check out Airport Mesa, Bell Rock, Boynton Canyon and Cathedral Rock.
Jeep-tour companies offer vortex tours. If you want a more personal experience, the Sedona Metaphysical Spiritual Association (928-300-7796, www.sedonaspiritual.com) lists a full slate of vortex tours, retreats and healers. Gift shops distribute free vortex maps if you want to experience it on your own.
What to expect?
The initiated say Bell Rock and Airport Mesa have uplifting energy, Cathedral Rock is soothing and encourages introspection and Boynton Canyon is soothing and has uplifting energy.
Don't worry if you don't feel a thing. You'll still leave with beautiful photos.
If you have time to visit only one vortex, go to Airport Mesa an hour or so before sunset. Purchase a Red Rock Pass for $5 at any Sedona or Oak Creek visitor center and many local businesses so you can park in the Forest Service pull-off on Airport Road, about a half mile off of Arizona 89A.
There are several easy trails with spectacular views of Bell Rock and other formations. Then, hop back into the car and continue to the top of Airport Road to join the crowd that gathers nightly to watch the sunset.
More ways to see Sedona
From land, air or water, depending on how adventurous you are, choices abound.
hese cover a lot of ground, and the guides know the most beautiful sights. Each company has its own personality, be it cowboy kitsch or off-road adventure. Reservations are recommended, although you can often book a same-day tour.
Pink Jeep Tours
800-873-3662; www.pinkjeep.com
In operation since 1960, Pink Jeep Tours has become an iconic symbol of the Sedona experience. Tours are two to four hours and take clients to Broken Arrow, Ancient Ruin and Diamondback Gulch.
Earth Wisdom Tours
800-482-4714; www.earthwisdomtours.com
Besides dishing up the scenery, Earth Wisdom brings a metaphysical and Native American perspective to its outings. It specializes in vortex and medicine-wheel tours that explore Native culture.
A Day in the West
800-973-3662; www.adayinthewest.com
Why should out-of-state visitors be the only ones who get to revel in Old West role play? One option combines a jeep tour with horseback riding and a cowboy cookout.
Red Rock Western Jeep Tours
800-848-7728; www.redrockjeep.com
Knowledgeable drivers dress in period garb, and this is the only company with a permit to traverse the ruggedly spectacular Soldier Pass Trail.
Arizona Safari Jeep Tours
928-282-3012; www.safarijeeptours.com
This company offers a range of choices, from smooth to rugged, and specializes in wildlife-viewing expeditions.
Sedona Jeep Tours
928-204-1973; www.sedonajeeptours.com
Explore pristine canyons, then top off your outing with a visit to a vineyard to taste locally made wines. Don't worry, only the passengers imbibe.
A tranquil way to see Sedona from the sky, ballooning is a popular activity for tourists. Daybreak and sunset flights are particularly beautiful, as well as more comfortable now than during the summer months. Two companies offer flights: Red Rock Balloon Adventures, 800-258-3754 or www.redrockballoons.com, and Northern Light Balloon Expeditions, 800-230-6222 or www.northernlightballoon.com.
Sedona Trolley Tours
928-282-4211; www.sedonatrolley.com
Maybe "adventure" is too strong a word for this ride, but plenty of visitors prefer to keep their feet - or at least all four tires - on the ground. Explore the city or nearby canyons. Drivers offer a comprehensive overview of all things Sedona.
Sedona Adventure Outfitters and Guides
877-673-3661; www.sedonaadventuretours.com
Take an eco-tour, by water or land. Float the Verde River in an inflatable kayak (also known as a ducky), climb Thunder Mountain or hike to the Cathedral Rock vortex. You can even rent tubes and duckies for a leisurely day of drifting down Oak Creek on your own.
Evening Sky Tours
866-701-0398; www.eveningskytours.com
If you don't know your interstellar gas cloud from your Orion nebula, this is the tour for you. Professional astronomers lead small groups in some intense stargazing. With the help of a high-powered laser pointer, visitors get an overview of the constellations and then get an up-close perspective through a telescope.
Sedona Air Tours
888-866-7433; www.sedonaairtours.com
Famous for open-cockpit biplane tours, ranging from 20 to 60 minutes.
Arizona Helicopter Adventures
800-282-5141; www.azheli.com
Fearless? Have a need for speed? Then a chopper is the only way to see Sedona.


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Hope Black nee Macpherson, Curator of Molluscs (1919 - )
Image: Portrait ofHope Macpherson, Museum Victoria Curator of Molluscs (1946 - 1965)
Source: Museum Victoria
Jessie Hope Black (nee Macpherson), Curator of Molluscs, achieved many 'firsts' during her long career, and has made a lasting contribution in the fields of Malacology, Marine Biology and their application to environmental management. She has been a mentor for many women following in these fields and an inspiration to both men and women.
In 1946 Jessie Hope Black (nee Macpherson) became the first woman to be appointed a Curator at the National Museum of Victoria in its then almost 90 year history. Hope had begun her scientific career as a museum assistant in 1937. Having applied for a job in Taxidermy the director at the time John Mahoney counselled her on the 'inappropriateness' of a woman in such a role and suggested they would find her something else. She spent her early days at the Museum under the financial support of the Carnegie Corporation developing and preparing new display cases and the ground breaking McCoy Hall dioramas.
Promoted to Curator of Molluscs in 1946 after completing a Science Degree part time at Melbourne University, she continued in this role until 1965, when she was required to resign from the Victorian public service as a result of the prohibition on the employment of married women known as the Marriage bar. After leaving the Museum Hope retrained as a science teacher, spending 13 rewarding years teaching in Victorian country high schools, her career providing an example to girls of the opportunities for them in science.
In 1947 Hope was part of the Museum team which used pack horses to survey the Snowy River Gorge, prior to dam construction and water diversion of the Snowy Mountain Hydroelectric Scheme. Hope also led the Museum's participation in ground-breaking marine biological surveys of Port Phillip Bay from 1957-1963. The baseline data provided by the Port Phillip Bay Survey is still in use today by environmental scientists, managers and planners, providing a benchmark against which to monitor environmental changes.
In conjunction with the Country Roads Board, CSIRO and Australian Paper Manufacturers she investigated the impact of the shipworm Teredo, (a marine bivalve mollusc which bores into wooden structures including bridges), in eastern Victoria and South Australia. She also undertook a survey of the edible molluscs in Victoria to determine the quantities of various species and the feasibility of the establishment of commercial fisheries.
Hope was a member of first group of four women to travel to Antarctica as part of an Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) to Macquarie Island in 1959.
She co-authored, with C. J. Gabriel, Marine Molluscs of Victoria published in 1962, still widely used as the reference work on this topic. She was a consulting malacologist to the National Science Foundation of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, USA.
Hope was a pioneer in her desire to involve the broader community in the life of the Museum, both through her education work with the Blind Institute, planning and supervising a biology course for blind children at the Museum, for which she was made a Life Governor of the Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind. She further included the community with the establishment of a volunteer programme utilising groups such as the Marine Study Group of Victoria and the Underwater Explorers and Photographers Club. These programs engaged volunteers to assist in the labour-intensive activities of sorting, documenting and analysing specimens and data from the museum research collections. To this day volunteers continue to be extensively involved in museum activities.
Unrelated to her work in science Hope has been an active advocate for services for the disabled. Over many years she supported groups with her considerable administrative ability to lobby for suitable independent housing for the disabled.
Items per page: 10 50 (showing 371 - 378) 378 items
Photograph - Dr Mary Gillham, Hope Macpherson, Isobel Bennett & Dr Phillip Law, Magga Dan, ...
Black and white image of Hope Macpherson shaking hands with Dr Phillip Law while Dr Mary Gillham (right) and Isobel Bennett look on. Hope Macpherson along with Isobel Bennett, Susan Ing ...Images: 1
Photograph - Antarctic view, exact location unknown, 1960
Black and white image of an Antarctic view, exact location unknown.Images: 1
Photograph - Base Camp at Macquarie Island, 1960
Black and white image of some of the buildings on Macquarie Island, used by expedition members and surrounded by snow. Macquarie Island is a subantarctic island located in the Southern ...Images: 1
Photograph - Macquarie Island, 1960 (damaged)
Black and white image of Macquarie Island, a subantarctic island located in the Southern Ocean, approximately half way between Australia and Antarctica, and is a Tasmanian State Reserve ...Images: 1
Photograph - Susan Ingham, Hope Macpherson, Mary Gillham & Isobel Bennett on Magga Dan, De ...
Black and white image of Hope Macpherson along with Isobel Bennett, Susan Ingham and Mary Gillham, the first women to visit the Antarctic, travelling on board the Magga Dan during their ...Images: 1
Photograph - Isobel Bennett, Harry Redfern & Hope Macpherson, Magga Dan, Dec 1959
Black and white image of Hope Macpherson (left) with Harry Redfern and Isobel Bennett. Hope along with Isobel Bennett, Susan Ingham and Mary Gillham, were the first women to visit the A ...Images: 1
Photograph - Isobel Bennett, Hope Macpherson, Mary Gillham & Susan Ingham Onboard Thala Da ...
Black and white image of Hope Macpherson who along with Isobel Bennett, Susan Ingham and Mary Gillham were the first women to visit the Antarctic, travelling on board the Thala Dan for ...Images: 1
Photograph - Isobel Bennett, Susan Ingham, Mary Gillham & Hope Macpherson Before Boarding ...
Black and white image of Hope Macpherson who along with Isobel Bennett, Susan Ingham and Mary Gillham were the first women to visit the Antarctic, travelling on board the Thala Dan for ...Images: 1


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Vintage Apparel Company Obtains License from GSUSA to Offer Products in 2008
August 18, 2007
Junk Food Clothing:
Kathleen Rabas
Phone: (310) 445-7776
Girl Scouts of the USA:
Michelle L. Tompkins
Phone: (212) 852-5074
Los Angeles, Calif. – Junk Food Clothing, one of the premier licensing apparel companies, announces a licensing agreement with a true American icon – Girl Scouts of the USA.
"Junk Food is known for our retro inspired products and Girls Scouts has that built in brand recognition we love" says Natalie Grof, CEO of Junk Food. "We expect our high-end retailers to love this line. We think it will appeal to both current members and alumnae, and we hope to inspire a new generation of girls to join the wonderful Girl Scout organization."
The company plans its initial rollout of the Girl Scouts collection at the annual MAGIC Apparel trade show held August 27-30, 2007, in Las Vegas, Nev. The in-house-designed collection will consist of a full line of popular Junk Food Clothing products, to be available at retail spring 2008: T-shirts, sweatshirts, tote bags, tank tops, thermal tops and other fashion tops.
"We are excited to be working with Junk Food Clothing, a true leader in the licensed apparel T-shirt industry," stated Barry Horowitz, vice president and general manager, Girl Scout merchandise. "For Girl Scouts past and present, Girl Scout activities create a lifetime of wonderful memories. We are very pleased that Junk Food Clothing is developing a quality Girl Scout apparel collection that will bring our organization to a whole new audience." Girl Scouts of the USA sees this as a resource for its girl membership as well as its 59 million alumnae.
About Junk Food Clothing
Founded in 1998 by designers Natalie Grof and Blaine Halvorson, Junk Food has garnered worldwide recognition as an influential brand of casual lifestyle clothing. Its soft, weathered fabrications incorporate retro and contemporary pop culture images as well as original artwork. Junk Food, with its loyal celebrity following, has made waves in the image-savvy junior market, while attracting trend–conscious adults and aspirational members of the youth sector.
About Girl Scouts
Founded in 1912, Girl Scouts of the USA is the preeminent leadership development organization for girls with 3.6 million girl and adult members worldwide. Girl Scouting is the leading authority on girls' healthy development, and builds girls of courage, confidence and character, who make the world a better place. The organization serves girls from every corner of the United States and its territories. Girls Scouts of the USA also serves American girls and their classmates attending American or international schools overseas in 90 countries. For more information on how to join, volunteer, reconnect or donate to Girl Scouts, call (800) GSUSA 4 U (800-478-7248) or visit www.girlscouts.org.


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Vince Camuto 26" Washed Lamb Moto JacketSKU: #8292624
Product Information
- Stay ahead of the pack with the help of this high-octane Vince Camuto™ jacket.
- Refined moto jacket is crafted from supple lambskin leather that has been specialty washed for a vintage look and feel.
- Snap-tab closure at stand collar.
- Two-way zip placket.
- Zip hand and chest pockets.
- Interior snap and zip pockets.
- Long sleeves sport exposed zip cuffs.
- 100% leather;
Body lining: 65% cotton, 35% linen;
Sleeve lining: 55% polyester, 45% viscose.
- Professional leather dry clean only.
- Imported.
- Measurements:
- Length: 26 in
- Sleeve Length: 37 in
- Product measurements were taken using size LG. Please note that measurements may vary by size.


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As part of this year's SXSWedu conference, the Learning Resource Metadata Initiative (LRMI) will examine the uses and benefits of the LRMI education metadata specification in a workshop entitled, "LRMI: Using Education Metadata to Support Learning." The event will take place Wednesday, March 5, 2014, from 11:30 a.m. - 1:30 p.m. (CST) in Austin, TX. The annual SXSWedu conference features compelling sessions and workshops to drive meaningful conversation and collaboration around promising practices to improve teaching and learning.
The LRMI workshop is specifically aimed at learning resource creators, tagging services providers, and educators at all levels interested in content that is optimized for personal learning. During the session, attendees will:
Speakers leading the LRMI discussion include: Michael Jay, president of Educational Systemics; Trilby Berger, senior vice president for strategic partnerships of MetaMetrics, Inc.; and Sue Buesing, vice president of McHugh & Associates.
Funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and co-led by the Association of Educational Publishers and Creative Commons, the LRMI developed a common metadata framework for describing educational content and products on the web so educators, students, and parents can more efficiently search for quality resources. In April 2013, Schema.org, the consortium of search engines Microsoft Bing, Google, Yahoo!, and Yandex that is working to establish common metadata tagging across the Internet, adopted the LRMI schema. This means that the LRMI properties can now be indexed as part of the structured metadata that major search engines crawl in their searches.
"SXSWedu is the perfect stage for our LRMI workshop, as it draws individuals who can take advantage of the LRMI's potential impact on the education community," said Dave Gladney, LRMI project manager at the Association of American Publishers PreK-12 Learning Group and organizer of the workshop. "Our LRMI experts and hands-on tagging opportunities will help anyone trying to index and organize learning resources to better support individualized learning."
To attend the LRMI workshop, you must be registered for SXSWedu. Register for the conference here. Once registered, you can add the LRMI workshop to your schedule here.
If you're attending SXSWedu but can't make the workshop, Gladney and Jay will be available for individual meetings throughout the event. Please contact Lauren Burke (email@example.com) for more details.
To learn more about the LRMI, visit www.lrmi.net.
About The Learning Resource Metadata Initiative
The Learning Resource Metadata Initiative (LRMI) aims to make the educational resource search experience richer for educators and learners and improve the discoverability of resources for content creators. The Association of Educational Publishers (now the nonprofit arm of the Association of American Publishers) and Creative Commons have co-led the project since its founding in 2011.


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There's plenty to do at Thomas Nelson when you're not studying or going to class. The opportunities to get involved in student life at the College may surprise you. There are a number of student clubs and extra curricular activities in which to participate. Just to name a few:
- Special Interest Clubs
- Organizations
- Student Government Association
- Honor Society
Sure, Thomas Nelson is a non-residential college, but there is still a lot going on at our campuses. The Student Activities Office and the Student Government Association sponsor cultural presentations, musical entertainment, picnics and other events. The Dr. Mary T. Christian Auditorium brings in a variety of professional music, dance and theater talent throughout the year. There are also a Wellness Center and volleyball, tennis and basketball courts on campus where you can meet friends or just work out.


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BC notebook: Who will survive in high school football playoffs?
Every year it's fascinating to watch high school football's process of postseason elimination.
That is particularly true in the Big Country, where dozens of area representatives are in the brackets every year.
In fact, it's common to see 10 or more Big Country teams playing into December. Four area teams — Cisco, Stamford, Munday and Throckmorton — played for state titles last year. In 2009 (a year that may never be topped) an incredible seven Abilene-area schools — Abilene, Graham, Wylie, Goldthwaite, Albany, Strawn and Highland — reached title games in their respective classifications.
We have now reached that time of year again.
The brackets are drawn, the pairings have been released, and it's time for the arguments to begin.
Excluding our local 5A schools and Class 4A (in which no area programs compete) here's a quick look at which of our area schools have the best opportunities to make a postseason splash:
I'll just put it on the table now: Stephenville (8-1) and Wylie (10-0) will meet in the Region I final and the winner of that monster game will win the state championship.
A slight edge will go to Stephenville, which was good enough to beat defending Class 4A DII state champion Aledo. But Wylie's offensive line is the
best I've seen this year, hands down, and WHS is more than capable of running the table.
A tough call, but I'll go with the Yellow Jackets.
Last area survivor: Stephenville, defeating Carthage for state title.
Graham (9-1) and Brownwood (6-4) enter as the area representatives here. But with a nasty team from Glen Rose (9-1) awaiting Brownwood in the bi-district round and serving as the likely opponent for Graham one week later, the Big Country could be out of the Division II business in 3A before the regional quarterfinals.
If however, either area team escapes to the regional quarters, the road to a regional final is open, with the upper half of the bracket filled with beatable teams.
Last area survivor: Graham, falling in area round to Glen Rose
As a whole, Region I is weaker in this classification than it was a year ago, when the bracket was filled with dominating teams from Eastland (12-1), Muleshoe (12-2), Wall (12-2), Godley (10-2) and Merkel (10-2).
Godley has since moved to Region III, and with the exception of Wall (9-1), graduation has hit the remaining programs hard.
Eastland (8-2), Merkel (7-3) and Bangs (7-3) enter as the area's top representatives, but difficult area round matchups await each. Eastland will likely face Muleshoe (8-2), Merkel will see Littlefield (8-2) and Bangs (if it defeats Breckenridge) will go against Idalou (8-2).
Both Eastland and Merkel will be looking at toss-ups in the area round, but getting beyond the regional quarters appears unlikely. Idalou would probably serve as Eastland's opposition there, and Merkel would be asked to beat Wall for a second time this year — a tall order.
Last area survivors: Eastland or Merkel, falling before regional semis.
Do I believe that Cisco is the best team in Region I?
Do I think the Loboes will earn a second straight trip to the state championship game?
My reasoning: There are at least four teams in Region I — Alpine (9-1), Canadian (8-2), Colorado City (8-2) and Sonora (7-3) — that are capable of handing the Loboes (9-1) an upset. If Cisco runs that gauntlet, it would then face an improved Corsicana Mildred team that it beat to reach the state final last year.
The Loboes are a slight favorite to take the region, but Mildred would be a deadly final roadblock on the way to Arlington.
Last area survivor: Cisco, falling in state semifinals to Corsicana Mildred
I like Stamford to take this region, beat Honey Grove in the state semifinals and eventually, face Mason in a state championship rematch. But this is on one condition: That the Bulldogs are able to defeat perennial power Stratford in the Region I final — a difficult task.
Stamford (9-1) could easily be 10-0 at this point, with its only loss coming to top-ranked Division II Munday. The Bulldogs handed Class 2A Cisco (9-1) its only loss of the year and did the same for Anson (9-1) in a 54-27 win last week.
The Bulldogs are good enough to return to Arlington and will, if they take care of business.
In Region II, don't be stunned if a 5-5 Goldthwaite team makes some noise. This region is relatively weak and the Eagles get a bye. Honey Grove (9-0-1) and Lindsey (8-2) are the favorites here, but Goldthwaite stacks up with both of them on paper.
Last area survivor:Stamford, winning state championship game vs. Mason.
In Class 1A Division II, top-ranked Munday (10-0) remains the team to beat, with Albany (9-1) looking like the one team capable of preventing the Moguls from escaping Region II.
A potential Albany/Munday regional final would be a rematch of a game played on Sept. 14 that saw Munday win 55-28 after pulling its offensive starters in the third quarter.
If Albany gets past a likely semifinal game with Muenster, a second look at Munday will be in the offing.
At this point, I'll stick to my guns and say that Munday will run the Class 1A DII table, finish 15-0 and win the state title.
A possible matchup with Wellington (10-0) in a state semifinal game could be a challenge. But the way I see it, if Albany doesn't stop these guys, nobody else will.
Last area survivor:Munday, defeating D'Hanis for state title.
At the six-man level, it's a safe bet the regional final round will have a Big Country presence. It almost always does, but there is some danger involved for two of the area's top programs — Ira (10-0) and defending state champion Throckmorton (8-1). Both are saddled in Region II, where Water Valley (10-0) and Rankin (9-1) also are in the mix.
Region III is another Big Country stronghold, with Gordon (7-3) and Zephyr (7-3) squaring off in the bi-district round, along with upstarts from Santa Anna (9-1) and Lingleville (7-3). This region as a whole isn't very strong and affords an opportunity to get to the state semis. Zephyr is the top-rated team in this bracket at No. 18.
Last area survivor:Ira or Throckmorton, winning state title. But the road getting there will be brutal and both could easily suffer an upset.
In Division II, where some believe it is a foregone conclusion that top-ranked Richland Springs (10-0) will repeat as state champions, the Big Country retains an opportunity to do some damage.
Top area threats include Aspermont (10-0), which on paper looks like the odds-on favorite to sweep through Region III. However, the Hornets will likely face a huge hurdle from Richland Springs in a potential state semi if they get that far.
Robert Lee (9-1) is the area's top-rated club in Region II, where Blackwell (5-5), Loraine (6-4) and Trent (8-2) are the other representatives. A likely area round matchup with Grandfalls-Royalty (10-0) could spoil Robert Lee's party. But if the Steers get beyond that point, don't be stunned to see them facing Motley County in a state semifinal.
Last area survivor: Aspermont, falling in state semifinal to Richland Springs.
Follow the Reporter-News' coverage of Big Country athletics on Twitter at Twitter.com/BigCountrySport or on Facebook at Facebook.com/BigCountrySports.
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Is God in control?
Ask a Pastor
Do you believe that God is in control of everything? Do you believe that sometimes there is an evil force that is battling God -- especially times when there are bad times in our country? -- from Megan, an ELCA member and student at Wartburg College in Waverly, Iowa.
Anne: Good question, Megan! You may have heard the argument that all the evil we encounter in the world is the result of human sin -- people being free to make choices that hurt themselves, others and creation. This is a helpful way to think about it because it means God isn't responsible for evil; we are. But there is so much evil in the world that is too big and powerful to be just the result of an individual's bad choice. There is evil that is so big it seems to have a life of its own: institutionalized racism is an example. This systemic sin is bigger than any individual's choices, but not bigger than God. Ultimately, there is no evil -- not even death itself -- that can separate us from the love of God. The struggle is real, and the evil is real, but God is working through us and through all creation in ways we can't even imagine.
David: The short answer is that yes, I do believe that God is in control of everything. God is the creator of all things and rules over all things.
Evil is very real and very powerful in this world. But I do not find a lot of comfort or wisdom for myself in thinking about where that evil comes from. The more important question, the question that the gospel drives me to ask of myself, is "What am I going to going to do about it?" Rather than worrying about the source of evil in the world, I feel called by the gospel to be a part of comforting those who suffer because of the evil in the world.
Most importantly, the promise of the Christian faith is that evil will not be victorious in this world. The same God who defeated death on Easter morning will bring light into the darkness and conquer every evil.
Monica: Dear Megan, what a great question! Here are my latest ponderings on God, God's power, and evil/devil. God, the creator of the universe, gave to humanity the great responsibility to care for all creation (including all humanity). I believe God has given to us the power to make choices in life. God has given us the gift of "Free Will." Jesus was tempted by the devil (Matthew 4:1-11; Luke 4:1-13; Mark 1:12-13) and so are we. Forces that desire to pull us away from God and neighbor, seek to test our faith and the truth of the gospel. No matter what happens in our lives or in the world we can pray as our Lord Jesus taught us: "Our Father, who art in heaven hallowed be thy Name, thy kingdom come, thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen."
Do you have a question you'd like answered by an ELCA pastor? Email us your question, and you might see it answered by one of our pastors. You can also find out more about our pastors on our "Bios" page. LivingLutheran.com offers a platform for ELCA members to share their diverse experiences of what it means to live Lutheran.
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Descended into where?
After Aurora
Who is to blame?


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"@SEALofHonor: Chris Kyle Memorial: Feb. 11, 1:00 pm, Cowboy Stadium."
Packing my bags now! #BreadofLife #mustpicket http://t.co/HKNP0MTf—
(@WBCSays) February 06, 2013
Just despicable. The morally bankrupt monsters at the Westboro Baptist Church are positively giddy at the prospect of disrupting the upcoming memorial service for slain SEAL and hero Chris Kyle:
Cockroaches. Every last one of them.
Odious Westboro planned to picket prayer vigil for Aurora victims; posts fake photos pretending they were there
Westboro Baptist Church member taken to Bible school
Vile: Westboro hate-mongers headed to Newtown, Conn.; citizens call for human wall blockade; website hacked


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Experience a voyage rich with wildlife and history, from New Zealand to the sub-Antarctic islands and deep into the Ross Sea Region, aboard a luxury expedition ship.
Experience a voyage rich with wildlife and history, from New Zealand to the sub-Antarctic islands and deep into the Ross Sea Region, aboard a luxury expedition ship.
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$22,170 - $46,420
Explore some of the polar regions famously charted during the first race to the South Pole by pioneering explorers Scott and Shackleton. The Ross Sea coast extends from the ice shelf northwards until it reaches the very tip of Victoria Land and Cape Adare. During your time in the Ross Sea Region you will attempt a variety of opportunistic landings, subject to weather conditions. Along the way the wildlife you encounter will astound you. The Sub-Antarctic islands are home to penguin breeding colonies numbering in the millions, Elephant Seals, Hooker Sea Lions and the endangered Wandering Albatross.
Ports of call and itinerary may be subject to weather and tidal conditions, and is subject to change. Included: Accommodations onboard the ship; cruise transportation; all meals onboard; 24-hour room service; a range of shore excursions led by expedition team; entertainment and educational programs; use of ship's sporting equipment and facilities; port & handling charges; Zodiac excursions and tender transfers; access to the ship's library; government fees and taxes; services of crew. Not Included: Airfare; items of a personal nature, including but not limited to: travel and medical insurance; rubber boots for shore excursions; laundry charges; shopping onboard; bar expenses; hair dressing and massage treatments; optional shore experiences; medical treatment; telephone and Internet charges; gratuities for individual staff members (optional).
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I haven't had the opportunity to ride the new bobsleds myself, but does anyone prefer the new sleds to the old ones?
I appreciate them for the indivdual seating aspect and the oppurtunity for SR, but I do not like the fact that they aren't padded like the old ones. But anyways, I do like the new ones a little bit more imo.
I did. I'm 47, 6' and 210 lbs and I had enough room. I didn't feel like I got jerked around as much. Also didn't quite feel as squished when I have one of my daughters riding with me. Overall it was a better experience for me.
I am not happy with the new sleds all that much. Very cramped with no leg room. The only comfort I got was sitting in the front seat of the sled. At least there I was able to move my legs a bit and felt there was some space. I personally would not suggest this to anyone anymore if they are tall like me.
No, no, no and NO!
No padding. Instead of having you legs stretched out in front of you, you place them in sockets to left and right of you at an upright angle placing all your body weight on your tailbone. It was excruciating for me. One woman coming off the sleds on Thursday likened it to an obstetrics table.
First Visit at the age of 12, July 17, 1968.First Ride, The Disneyland and Santa Fe Railroad.BRING BACK THE PEOPLE MOVER!
Disneyland Wooooh!
"You see- Everybody's got a laughin' place, trouble is most folks won't take the time to go look for it."
I prefer the new seat belts and aesthetic of the new bobsleds. The foot cubbies do require some negotiation, but I attribute it to my own unfamiliarity with the new sled and not a design fault.
However, I do miss the rough ride of the original sleds. I don't know if it's just me but I didn't get jerked around roughly until we hit a sudden turn.
I sat in the back, and to me it seemed more like sitting on the floor rather that in a seat. It was difficult to get in and out of. Also, it seems rougher than before. I agree that there should be some padding added.
am i the only one not getting banged around on these sleds? i love the new sleds
This is my signature, there are many like it but this one is mine, without me my signature is useless, without my signature i am useless!
"You'll need a Boesky, a Jim Brown, a Miss Daisy, two Jethro's, a Leon Spinx, not to mention the biggest Ella Fitzgerald ever."
Can't say im a fan of the new sleds, while the ride is smoother I find it harder to get out.
thats true but i just love it but miss the date ride aspect of it
This is my signature, there are many like it but this one is mine, without me my signature is useless, without my signature i am useless!
"You'll need a Boesky, a Jim Brown, a Miss Daisy, two Jethro's, a Leon Spinx, not to mention the biggest Ella Fitzgerald ever."
Leg room is everything.
It's gone now so if you don't mind being a human accordion, the new sleds are for you.
Last edited by Ortizmo2000; 07-07-2012 at 08:32 PM.
"The old man's gonna knock on the sky. Listen to the sound."
AP'er since 2004. Yup.....I'm one of THEM.


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Home > Reductive > Theme > Costumes on Sale
View more: Watchmen Costumes
Are you looking for a sexy superhero costume for this Halloween? Then look no further than the Watchmen Sexy Silk Spectre Costume!
Our Watchmen Sexy Silk Spectre Costume comes with a stunning yellow and black romper with zipper-front and black vinyl panels! This also comes with black vinyl boot tops and even a silver belt! You will be a show stopper in this frisky costume! So when you need to be better than the best and sexier than the rest, order this costume today and unleash the Silk Spectre!
Available in Sizes:
XS, Small and Medium
Item Includes:
Romper, Belt, Boot Tops
Pictured items not included:
Polyester, Spandex, Acrylic & PVC
Care Instructions:
Hand Wash in Cold Water w/ Mild Detergent or Shampoo - AIR DRY
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2 Reviews (read all)
Overall Rating:
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Reviewer: sla (this user has purchased this item)
November 4, 2010
Quality: 8
Cool Factor: 9
Costume Purchasing Experience: 5+
Your Age: 26-35
Great costume! Very oversized though. Luckily I read other reviews and found that out in advance. I wear a size 10 which is usually a med or large. I ordered a small in this costume and had plenty of room but it was still somewhat tight fitting as it should be. It worked out perfectly!
Reviewer: Anonymous
September 22, 2009
Title: Not a great costume, waaay too baggy! I...
Not a great costume, waaay too baggy! It is not contoured enough to give it a sexy look. It is waaay bigger than you'd think too! I am a size 10 and ordered the medium actually thinking I might have to lose a few more pounds to get in it. Well it could fit a size 14 easy. It might look sexy then. I am going to take in the seams on the arms, body (especially the waist) and possibly legs. It is also made for taller people. The body is quite long, and by the time you put on the legs there isn't much leg showing. I'm shortening the legs so at least the garters will work. the belt is also really cheap looking compared to the fabric of the suit. So dissappointing!!!
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As early as possible, start developing your child's musical skills. Since music and language go naturally together, you will notice that children love to jingle, chant, and even sing with a tune.
Encourage your child to expand his skills in the area. As young as a toddler, you can give him musical instruments like toy Piccolos, tamborines, etc. It will stimulate their brains while enhancing their skills in the area.
Give him private lessons when he's old enough. Practice his voice or his fingers in playing musical instruments. You can also play with him familiar tunes.
At these times, explore his skills with him and have fun.


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2 Evening Guest Posts by Prosper Members…
Faith in Fellow Humans?
I came to Prosper after reading an article about this strange concept of borrowing from and lending to people … not banks. After a little more research I decided to jump into it feet first with a whopping $50.00 to be lent to anyone who needed it. Well, anyone with an "A" or better rating.
Then, I read the story of a "B" borrower that struck home – sounds like me many years ago. I remembered that I needed just a little help and got it… it changed my life and made my belief in the human spirit stronger.
Today I am still lending on Prosper – sometimes only $50.00 and sometimes a little more – but I am still here. So are the many borrowers and lenders who count on Prosper to continue to "prosper."
I watch many borrowers who consistently pay on time – my thanks to them. I am also watching my first borrower whose loan is now in collections – and wonder what happened to this "AA" borrower. Life plays tricks on us sometimes, but it is up to us to make life what we want it to be.
In any case – I will stick with this plan as long as I find it of value to me and the many others counting on the combined community. Thank you Prosper for letting me become a part of this great family. In a way this is my limited approach of giving just a little bit back to my brothers and sisters out there.
My Thoughts On Prosper
By Tom
I think Prosper is such a great way for people that are stuck with the Pay Day loans to get help and stop the cycle they are caught in! Even those high Interest credit cards can be worked down by a Prosper loan if the borrower is careful NOT to run the credit cards back up. The important thing for the lenders to do IS cut the cards up once they pay off the cards with their new loan BUT don't close the account! By having used credit that will help your credit score! UNUSED credit is a very good thing to have. I have started a group that will be open to everyone once Prosper allows it and I hope my first loans are good ones. Well good luck to all here!