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A thermocouple cable (10) has a positive and negative thermoelement (14) conforming to the standard emf-temperature specification for type K thermocouples, a sheath (12) and compacted ceramic (16) insulating the thermoelements (14) from each other and from the sheath (12). The sheath comprises an oxidation resistant allow having a thermal coefficient substantially the same as that of the negative thermoelement and a melting point in excess of 1300° C.; the sheath preferably being formed from nickel based alloy, such as a nickel-chromium alloy. The positive and negative thermoelements preferably also comprise nickel-based alloys.
1. A thermocouple cable having a positive and a negative thermoelement conforming to the standard emf-temperature specification for type K thermocouples, a sheath through which the thermocouples extend, and compacted ceramic insulating the thermoelements from each other and from the sheath; the sheath comprising an oxidation-resistant nickel-based alloy containing chromium, silicon and less than 0.1 wt. % manganese, said nickel based alloy having a thermal expansion coefficient substantially the same as that of the negative thermoelement and a melting point in excess of 1300° C.; the positive thermoelement comprising a nickel-based alloy containing chromium and the negative thermoelement comprising a nickel-based alloy containing silicon.
2. A cable according to claim 1, wherein the alloy of said positive thermoelement comprises 9 to 10 wt. % chromium, up to 1 wt. % silicon, up to 1 wt. % of other conventional alloy additions, and the balance substantially comprising nickel.
3. A cable according to claim 1, wherein the negative thermoelement comprises 1 to 3 wt. % silicon in nickel, with other elements totalling less than 6 wt. %, including at least one of manganese, cobalt, aluminum and copper.
4. A cable according to claim 1, wherein said alloy of said sheath contains 13 to 15 wt. % chromium and 1 to 2 wt. % silicon with the balance principally comprising nickel.
5. A cable according to claim 4, wherein said alloy of said sheath contains substantially no manganese.
6. A cable according to claim 1, wherein said alloy of said sheath contains magnesium to enhance its oxidation resistance.
7. A cable according to claim 1, wherein the alloy of said sheath contains at least one refractory metal to enhance physical properties of the sheath.
8. A cable according to claim 7, wherein said at least one refractory metal is selected from niobium, tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum.
9. A cable according to claim 1, wherein the chromium, with the balance substantially comprising nickel.
10. A cable according to claim 1 wherein negative thermoelement comprises 1 to 3 wt. % silicon in nickel.
11. A thermocouple fabricated from cable according to claim 1.
This invention relates to a mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed (MIMS) thermocouple cable, and to thermocouples made from such cable.
The manufacture of MIMS cable is well known. The components consist of a metallic sheath and two thermoelements (thermocouple conductors) insulated from each other, and the sheath, by a compacted ceramic-oxide-insulation material. The components are assembled under clean, dry conditions and by a process such as drawing, swaging or rolling, the sheath diameter is reduced to compact the ceramic and fill the available space. The assembly is further reduced in diameter to the desired size, an overall reduction in diameter of 10 to 1 being common. Before diameter reduction the assembly may be evacuated, annealed and or back-filled with an inert gas.
Thermocouples are temperature-measuring sensors. They are fabricated from MIMS cable by cutting to the required length, welding the thermoelements together at one end of the cable to form the `hot junction` and welding extension leads to the other. Insulating powder is packed in around the hot junction to avoid an air pocket in the completed product, and the MIMS section of the thermocouple is then sealed by welding in some sheathing alloy over the hot junction and, for example, providing a suitable potting compound at the other.
Conventional base-metal MIMS cables are produced with sheaths of inconel or stainless steel and with thermoelements of one of the five internationally-standardised thermocouple types (types E,J,K, N and T: letter designations of the Instrument Society of America).
Of the two types suitable for high-temperature use (types N and K) the type N alloys have well-defined compositions whereas those for the type K alloys are not defined. The main requirement for the positive and negative type K thermoelements is that, as a matched pair, the relationship between their net emf and temperature should agree with the relevant internationally-accepted reference equations (such as BS4937, ASTM E230) within defined limits of error.
The present invention is directed to providing an improved MIMS thermocouple cable, and to thermocouples made from such cable.
A thermocouple cable according to the invention has a positive and a negative thermoelement conforming to the standard emf-temperature specification for type K thermocouples, a sheath through which the thermocouples extend, and compacted ceramic insulating the thermoelements from each other and from the sheath; the sheath comprising an oxidation-resistant alloy having a thermal coefficient substantially the same as that of the negative thermoelement and a melting point in excess of 1300° C.
The alloy of which the sheath is formed may be a nickel based alloy, although other alloys such as cobalt based alloys can be used. The nickel based alloy preferably is a nickel-chromium alloy, a particularly preferred alloy being one containing 13 to 15 wt. % chromium, 1 to 2 wt. % silicon with the balance most typically principally comprising nickel. The nickel-based alloy preferably contains substantially no manganese; while manganese, if present, should be less than 0.1 wt. %.
The nickel-based alloys for the sheath may contain elements such as magnesium to enhance their oxidation resistance, and refractory metals such as niobium, tungsten, tantalum or molybdenum to enhance physical properties of the sheath, such as its strength. Nicrosil (nominally 14.2 wt. % silicon and the balance essentially nickel) is an example of a suitable alloy for the sheath.
The positive and negative thermoelements are to be of alloys conforming to the standard emf-temperature specification of type K thermocouples. The thermoelements preferably are of respective alloys such that they conform to such specification to within ±0.75% of temperature, most preferably to within ±0.375% of temperature. The thermoelements should be of alloys meeting above 1300° C.; the alloys preferably comprising nickel-based alloys. In the case of the positive thermoelement, the alloy preferably comprises 9 to 10 wt. % chromium, with the balance substantially comprising nickel, although it may contain up to 1 wt. % silicon and small quantities of other conventional alloy additions.
The negative thermoelement preferably contains 1 to 3 wt. % silicon in nickel. However, it typically will also contain other elements, preferably totalling less than 6 wt. %, such as man9anese, cobalt, aluminium and copper. Such other elements preferably are added as required to adjust the emf-temperature relationship, of the positive thermoelement relative to the negative, to conform to the standard emf-temperature specification for type K thermocouples.
The insulating ceramic may be of any suitable refractory oxide or combination of oxides. Examples of suitable oxides are those of magnesium, aluminium and beryllium.
Advantages of the Invention
Thermocouples fabricated from cable according to the invention, such as by the fabrication procedure outlined above, are a considerable improvement over bare-wire type K thermocouples and those produced from conventional base-metal MIMS cables. They have excellent stability, both thermoelectric and mechanical, at high temperatures and the invention is an advance for the following reasons. Having the thermolements within a MIMS system avoids instabilities and premature failure at high temperatures (beyond about 900° C.), due to oxidation, that occur in `bare-wire` thermocouples. The use of the sheath alloy specified for the invention avoids the main cause of thermoelectric instability in conventional MIMS systems, that due to the migration of Mn from the sheath. Also, use of the sheath of the invention avoids mechanical failures that occur in conventional MIMS systems because of the difference in thermal expansion between that of the sheath and that of the negative thermoelement. Further, the sheath specified of the invention is more resistant to oxidation and can be used in air at higher temperatures and for longer periods than the conventional sheathing alloys inconel and stainless steel. Finally, the only standardised base-metal thermocouples with a practical life beyond 1000° C. are the type K and type N thermocouples. Within a MIMS system having the sheath of the invention, the type K thermoelements of the invention are more thermoelectrically stable than the type N and are less likely to fail because of any mixmatch in thermal expansion coefficient. Also, type K thermocouples, including those made from the cable of the invention, are of greater practical value because there are two orders of magnitude more instruments, and associated items of equipment, available in the type K calibration than in the type N.
Development of the Invention
In the following, experimental background to the invention is detailed. In this, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a typical MIMS cable, illustrative of that used to produce thermocouples, the cable 10 having a sheath 12 in which two thermoelements 14 are insulated by compacted ceramic 16;
FIG. 2 is a plot of reversible change in Seebeck coefficient after 200 hours at temperature; and
FIG. 3 is a plot of in situ temperature drift during 200 hours at temperature.
Our research into the thermoelectric behaviour of conventional nickel-based MIMS thermocouples showed that the main cause of instability at high temperatures was the migration of Mn from the sheath to the thermoelements. As a first step in developing a new, more stable MIMS system the alloy Nicrosil was considered by us as a sheath. Our subsequent work confirmed the importance of avoiding Mn. High-nickel alloys such as Nicrosil have the added advantage of having a similar thermal expansion coefficient to that of the negative type N and type K thermoelements, both being high-nickel alloys. Relative to these thermoelements, the thermal expansion of stainless steel or inconel on heating to 900° C. is 0.2 to 0.4% which is large compared to that of Nicrosil, 0.05%. Differential thermal expansion causes mechanical failure during thermal cycling in type K and type N MIMS thermocouples having sheaths of inconel or stainless steel.
Nicrosil-sheathed MIMS thermocouples, comprising three (K1, K2 and K3) type K thermocouples according to the invention and one type N thermocouple, each as described in Table 1, have been studied. What follows is a brief account of this work.
Table 1. Composition of thermoelements studied within Nicrosil-sheathed MIMS thermocouples, in weight percent.
______________________________________Thermo- PositiveType couple thermoelement Negative thermoelement______________________________________N N Ni 14.0 Cr 1.5 Si Ni 4.4 Si 0.1 MgK K1 Ni 9.2 Cr 0.5 Si Ni 1.6 Si 1.6 Mn 1.3 Al 0.6 CoK K2 Ni 9.7 Cr 0.3 Si Ni 2.0 Si 0.4 Mn 0.0 Al 0.4 CoK K3 Ni 9.1 Cr 0.4 Si NI 2.4 Si 0.0 Mn 2.2 Cu 1.0 Co______________________________________
It is the integrated effect of local changes in Seebeck coefficient along the length of a thermocouple that dictates the extent of drift in its signal and thus of the temperature error it produces. For this reason the changes in Seebeck coefficient that occur at temperatures up to 1200° C. were measured as a function of time for the various thermoelements. Each thermocouple was heated either isothermally or in a `gradient-annealing` furnace, the temperature within the latter being roughly linear with distance along much of its length. The resultant change in Seebeck coefficient, as a function of position along the thermocouple, was obtained with a horizontal, motor-driven `scanning furnace` moving at 0.125 mm s-1 . This furnace had a wire-wound tubular muffle, 1.2 m long, containing a 20 mm ID earthed Inconel tube, it had a relatively steep temperature-gradient region at the entrance port and its temperature was uniform at 500 ° C. to 5° C. along most of its length. At any given time during a scan the emf produced by the temperature step, from ambient to 500° C., occurred over a distance of 120 mm. If the thermocouple had just been heated in the gradient-annealing furnace this length of it would correspond to a range of annealing temperatures of typically ±30° C. about To at its centre. Hence the emf measured at this immersion in the scanning furnace would reflect the average effect of annealing at To ±30° C.
The movement of the scanning furnace and the electrical measurements were controlled by a Hewlett Packard (HP) 86B computer interfaced to a HP 3456A DMM, having 0.1 μV resolution, and a low-thermal (0.1 μV) two-pole scanner. The cold junction ends of all thermocouples were connected to a set of temperature-monitored terminals at 20° C. uniform to ±0.01° C.
During the scan the tip temperature of each thermocouple was obtained with a Pt10%Rh versus Pt reference thermocouple whose tip was wire-wrapped to that of the thermocouple under test with Nichrome wire. The reference thermocouple has 0.5 mm diameter wires in a 1060 mm long twin-bore insulator of recrystallised alumina and its Seebeck coefficient varied by less than ±0.02% along its length. Values of test thermocouple tip temperature (about 500° C.) were converted to values of emf, Eo, for each thermoelement relative to platinum. From measurements taken during the scan, the computer produced a thermoelectric signature for each thermoelement as a plot of E-Eo against position along the specimen. E is the output of the thermoelement relative to the platinum leg of the reference thermocouple and corrected for the cold-junction temperature.
E was developed in the 480° C. temperature step at the entrance port of the scanning furnace and any difference, δE, between repeated signatures represents a change in Seebeck coefficient of:
Here it is assumed that δS is independent of temperature to at least 500° C. This was found to be so for changes produced by 200 h at 350,700 and 1100° C. The repeatability of the sCanning facility is such that changes in signature of 10 μV (0.02 μVK-1) or more are significant.
Studies were made of both reversible and irreversible changes in Seebeck coefficient produced by heating for periods of 0.5 to 300 h. Preliminary measurements revealed that significant reversible changes did not occur above 1000° C. and that when such changes did occur, at lower temperatures, a heating at 1000° to 1100° C. reversed the process. There was no noticeable difference in the effects of heating periods of 5 and 60 minutes. After each such heating the specimen was `air quenched` by withdrawing it in about 2 s from the furnace and holding it stationary in air at 20° C. until cool. Hence a 10 minute heating at about 1020° C. followed by an air quench was chosen as the defined `recovery anneal`.
Since the gradient-annealing furnace covers only a limited range of temperature, about 350° C. for a peak annealing temperature of 1000° C., the 200° to 1200° C. interval considered in this study was examined in four overlapping zones. For each zone a different set of specimens was used and each set consisted of three MIMS specimens, one of each of the three diameters 1.5, 3 and 6 mm. This enabled any diameter-dependence to be observed.
To distinguish between reversible and irreversible changes the following sequence was followed for each specimen:
(a) recovery anneal
(b) scan
(c) recovery anneal
(d) gradient anneal (Period to)
(e) scan
(f) repeat of steps (a) to (e) with different to.
The effect of heating for a period to at any temperature To, within the range of the gradient-annealing furnace, was indicated by the difference between the signatures obtained before and after the gradient anneal. This change has two components, the irreversible and the reversible. The irreversible component was determined from the signature measured after the subsequent recovery anneal and was cumulative. The reversible component was then calculated by substraction.
Thus, it was found that changes in coefficient are of two types. The first is a reversible one i.e. after the Seebeck coefficient changes on heating, it will return to its former value on a brief heating at a higher temperature (such as 1000° C.) and the process is repeatable. This process is a consequence of changes throughout the alloy structure and thus occurs equally in bare-wire and MIMS thermocouples. Further, the change in coefficient is independent of thermoelement diameter. The second type of change is irreversible and occurs because of changes at the surface of each thermoelement. It is therefore diameter dependent. Its cause and degree of change is different from those that would have occurred had the wires been exposed to air, i.e. had they been a bare-wire thermocouple. Since there is no relationship between the two sets of processes the behaviour of a particular pair of thermoelements in a MIMS system is not predictable from data obtained for the same thermoelements as bare wires exposed to air.
The reversible changes in Seebeck coefficient for each thermocouple pair tested is indicated in FIG. 2 and clearly the change in each of the 3 type K thermocouples is similar yet considerably less than that in the type N thermocouple. It was also found that reversible change at any one temperature occurs rapidly at first and then levels off in the long term. For example, there is little change beyond that at 200 hours and half this change occurs in less than 10 hours.
In the MIMS configuration, irreversible change in the coefficient is minimised if the manganese content of the sheath is negligible, as is the case for a Nicrosil sheath. Indeed it was found that the irreversible change in 200 hours in all 4 thermocouple examples studied (Table 1) was insignificant below 800° C. and less than about 0.2 μV/K at 1100° C. Beyond this temperature the change becomes increasingly negative reaching -0.9±2 μV/K at 1200° C. for all specimens. The variation in behaviour between the three type K thermocouples was similar to the difference between their mean behaviour and that of the type N thermocouple. Hence the irreversible changes occurring in the type K and type N thermocouples are not significantly different.
The integrated effect of reversible and irreversible changes in the Seebeck coefficient is evident in the in situ drift of a thermocouple. This is the drift in signal that occurs for a thermocouple whilst the temperature of its tip and its temperature profile are held fixed. FIG. 3 shows the in situ drift in 200 hours at any given temperature for the 4 examples. For temperatures to about 1000° C. the main contributor to drift is the reversible effect and hence the type K combinations performed better than the type N. Furthermore, for periods of use beyond 200 hours the contribution from reversible change in the coefficient will change little and it is only at temperatures approaching 1200° C. that the long-term irreversible changes would have a significant effect. For example, for type N thermoelements in a Nicrosil MIMS sheath at 1100° C. the in situ drift for 2000 hours was not significantly different from that at 200 hours. There was a barely-measurable decrease in signal in the long term, as expected, because of irreversible changes occurring in that part of the thermocouple at 100° to 1100° C.
Hence, the in situ drift for all 4 types of specimen (Table 1) over long periods of time, such as 2000 h or so, is little different from that indicated in FIG. 3 for 200 h. Below 1000° C. the drift would be marginally higher than indicated and beyond 1000° C. it would be less and eventually become negative. Overall, the type K varieties perform better than the type N (FIG. 3) and for this reason they were selected as thermoelements for this invention. The Invention compared with Conventional Thermocouples
For variable-immersion applications at high temperatures requiring a short-term use of small-diameter probes, the conventional alternatives are:
(a) 24 AWG (0.5 mm wires) bare-wire thermocouples in woven insulation or ceramic beads. For comparison purposes the type N thermocouple was chosen for this study because it is the most stable base-metal type for bare-wire use in air.
(b) MIMS probes with 1.5 mm diameter sheaths. Samples of the stainless-steel-sheathed type K MIMS system were chosen to represent this group since it is the most commonly used MIMS system.
Errors at high temperatures are greatest when probes are moved to a lesser immersion depth and are proportional to the changes in Seebeck coefficient that occur on heating at these temperatures, e.g. 64 h at 1100° C. These changes were measured by the above mentioned method and the results are given in Table 2. The changes found for examples of this invention (1.5 mm OD Nicrosil sheath and the thermoelements K1, K2 and K3) are an order of magnitude smaller than those for the conventional probes). Table 2. Change in Seebeck coefficient of small-diameter probes (described above) for 64 h of heating at 1100° C.
______________________________________ Change in CoefficientProbe μV/K______________________________________Bare-wire type N 3.3Stainless-steel-sheathed type K MIMS -3.2Examples of invention:K1 0.04K2 -0.40K3______________________________________
The most common use of thermocouples is in long-term fixed-immersion applications. In such cases, probe (and wire) diameters are larger for longer life and to minimise in situ drift at high temperatures. The most commonly used is the bare-wire type K thermocouple with each wire 1.5 to 3.3 mm in diameter. With insulating beads and a separate protection sheath the overall probe diameter becomes 12 to 25 mm.
Some high-temperature in situ-drift data for such probes are as follows:
(a) 15 AWG (1.5 mm wires) thermocouples at 1000° C. drifted 6° C. in 300 h and 20° C. in 5000 h.
(b) 8 AWG (3.3 mm wires) thermocouples at 1100° C. drifted 12° C. in 800 h.
(c) 8 AWG (3.3 mm wires) thermocouples at 1200° C. drifted 27° C. in 700 h.
(d) 15 AWG (1.5 mm wires) thermocouples at 1200° C. drifted 66° C. in about 500 h and mechanically failed by 1000 h.
(e) high-temperature drift rates for bare-wire thermocouples vary considerably because of differences in composition and thus differences in the oxidation mechanisms.
In the Nicrosil-sheathed MIMS system, type K thermoelements specified for the invention will suffer less drift. For example, at 1100° C. the change over a 2000 h period would reach a maximum of about 3° C. in 200 to 500 h and then decrease slightly. The overall change would not exceed 5° C. Notice also that the probe diameter for this example is only 6mm (FIG. 3), 2 to 4 times smaller than conventional probes.
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Easy Youtube Video Downloader Express 9.02 No Restart
by Dishita
Only one with 1080p Full-HD and 192kbps MP3 Direct Links. A clean, fast and simple addon for superfast and easy downloads in FLV,3GP,MP3,MP4,720p, 1080p qualities on Youtube pages.
This add-on is not compatible with your version of Firefox because of the following:


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|Motel 6 Lincoln Heights hotels are provided below. Search for cheap and discount Motel 6 hotel rooms in Lincoln Heights, OH for your group or personal travels. We list the best Motel 6 Lincoln Heights hotels so you can review the Lincoln Heights Motel 6 hotel list below to find the perfect place.
Our page will also provide discounted Lincoln Heights, OH hotels/properties that have similar star quality of Motel 6.
All Motel 6 in or near Lincoln Heights
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Cyclist still fighting for his life after becoming trapped under a car in Cambridge crash
Posted: December 03, 2013|
A cyclist is still in critical condition in hospital after he was trapped under a car in Cambridge.
The 39-year-old suffered life-threatening injuries in the collision with a Hyundai ix35 in Trumpington Road last week, as reported in the News.
A Cambridgeshire police spokeswoman said his condition is 'still critical'.
The crash happened at about 6pm on Wednesday night at the junction with Brooklands Avenue.
The man was trapped underneath the car and firefighters had to release him before he was taken to Addenbrooke's by the ambulance service.
The driver of the car, a 41-year-old man from Sandy, was not injured.
Anyone with information about the collision, or who saw the car or cyclist before it, should call police on 101.


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Friday, October 31, 2008
N.Y. Times: DHS Profiled Muslims in 2004
Can anyone be surprised, much less shocked, by the following report?
The N.Y. Times reports that "At the time of the 2004 operation, the immigration agency said publicly that it was tracking leads in an effort to disrupt potential terrorism plots, but emphasized that its investigations were being conducted "without regard to race, ethnicity or religion." But the records showed that 79 percent of the suspects were from Muslim-majority countries, according to an analysis by students at the National Litigation Project at Yale Law School (Download frontline1.pdf), who obtained the records, as did the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. Each group sued for the records under the Freedom of Information Act, and both say the operation showed that the government was using ethnic profiling to identify terrorism suspects."


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Civil PracticeMax Mitchell, The Legal Intelligencer
Pa. Justices Deny County's Appeal of Injured-Inmate Case
The state Supreme Court has decided not to consider whether an inmate can hold a county liable for injuries he suffered due to the alleged negligence of another inmate on a work detail.
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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by Noga Delshad on 06/23/2009
Open 24 hours. they have authentic Ukrainian food. But my favorite meal here is Brunch. Dessert can be stale late at night. - Noga Delshad
Posted by mc8446 on 05/20/2009
If this place wasn't open 24 hours, I probably wouldn't have eaten here yet. The times I have been here have averaged around 2am, and I've always found myself really enjoying some hot red borscht soup and some pierogi. I didn't think the prices were bad at all, and service was good. They always seem very busy but we've never waited long for food or even a refill of water.
Posted by Jordan on 05/06/2009
I will get right to the point. This place is awful. Every two years we forget how awful it is and go back for some strange reason and then remember. It's non-authentic, the portions are small, the quality is poor, the food is bland, and everything is a few dollars more than it should be. When we were there yesterday, we had to get up to get our waiter for just about anything, and there were fruit flies circling our food. Our chicken plate (zero taste or seasoning, and dry) came with two sides: 1- About 4 leafs of wilted lettuce. 2- Mashed potatoes that tasted like sand. We ordered potato pancakes too. Dry and inedible. Look, I've eaten at every joint in the East Village over the last 10 years, and enough restaurants from 4-star places like Jean-George to every little dive and dinner downtown, so I think I have a good base to judge from. Velselka, though always busy for some reason, is awful. I'd rather go to any basic diner like Odessa. We stopped in because we were very hungry and on our way in that direction, but a MUCH better alternative is Little Poland on 2nd Ave. just above 12th St. Amazing prices, tasty food, huge portions, and most of the food is made by little old ladies from Poland in the back. Can't beat that with a bat. Don't say I didn't warn you.
Posted by foodlover on 04/30/2009
i really enjoyed this restaurant. the food was good and filling, and the environment is comfortable and fun. i thot it was really a bargain, as you get a big plate of food for under $10! with dessert, our bill came to $25 with tax! thats pretty amazing for nyc.
Posted by Yulya on 12/26/2008
If you've never had Ukrainian food and come here to try it, you will never have had Ukrainian food. The restaurant is more than anything a typical American diner that happens to serve food with a similar name and semblance to Eastern European cuisine. Good for breakfast bacon and eggs.
Posted by belly happy on 11/21/2008
I am a big fan of Veselka for brunch - if you ever see the eggs benedict with lox served on a latke just be decadent and order it. Service is mediocre at brunch, but who's in a rush? But this week I had a day off and decided to have lunch out, walked into Veselka and ordered a cheddar cheeseburger medium, with the fries well done. I feared getting a burnt burger and soggy fries, but they delivered a fantastic burger - grilled and smoky tasting, just the right amount of pink in the middle on a fantastic brioche style bun. And the fries were so damn crispy. Perfection.
Posted by Ukrainian on 09/05/2008
The food is good, but not quite Ukrainian. Excessive vinegar contents in the borscht. Still, probably the closest to the truth you'll get in nyc.


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Managed as a public art practice and initiative by Founding Director Alex White-Mazzarella, Artefacting serves in powering and directing teams assembled on a project to project basis.
Project teams typically grow to informally include and consist of local artists, researchers, urban planners, photographers, activists, theatre directors, and community leaders. In common amongst members whether local or international is a passion for progress, social justice and strive to make an impact. Each team works closely with volunteers, local partners and communities. Our backgrounds and belief in innate global human equality influences how we work and the connections we make. It is with this awareness and mindset that Artefacting collaborative teams strive to utilize social investigation, local capital and action to make an impact. Artefacting uses creativity and story telling as means of breaking down social and cultural barriers and creating working environments that can produce solutions.
Project Teams
Citizens vs. Work - Cologne Germany
Gurgaon Ecology - Gurgaon India
Bloodbank - New York USA
Global Village - Northeast India
Willets Point - New York USA
Detroit - Detroit USA
Oslo - Norway
Rome - Italy
Artefacting Mumbai - Dharavi India


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Not rebound, payback, loneliness, or great sex, and far beyond love. This is surrender.
Luc -- the prestige of his power, wealth, and influence directs an empire scattered across the stars. His word shapes the foundations of business and his financial prowess is of mythic proportions. Yet beneath the myths beats the heart of a man who craves what he has never given and is certain he will always be denied -- steadfast, faithful love.
Izzorah -- A little feral, a little innocent, all male. Fleeing a world that denies him basic rights, forced into a society blind to his needs, Rah lives for his music. When a freak accident throws him into the care of the most powerful man in the empire, the attention he receives is beyond anything he'd ever dreamed. But is the attraction he feels toward his rescuer goes beyond gratitude or lust to a deeper, abiding call to yield all that he is.
Also available from:
Amazon: http://is.gd/surrenderlove_amz
Barnes and Noble: http://is.gd/surrenderlove_bn
ARe: http://is.gd/surrenderlove_are
Sony: http://is.gd/surrenderlove_sony
Reviewer: Scandalous Nymph
5 Nymphs
I truly believe out of all the lovers I've seen Luc with, Rah is the one sent by whatever God grants love and happiness. He's Luc's gift for the times over the thousands of years where Luc was suffering or lonely. I absolutely loved this first book of the Surrender Trilogy, and I can't wait to see where Ms. Allen is going to take us next.
Romance Junkies
Surrender Love was selected as a Blue Ribbon Favorite for 2009 by the reviewers at Romance Junkies.
Visit Kayelle Allen's site
Read an excerpt from Surrender Love
About Kayelle Allen
Homeworld http://kayelleallen.com
Unstoppable Heroes Blog http://kayelleallen.com/blog
Twitter http://twitter.com/kayelleallen
Facebook http://facebook.com/kayelleallen.author
Pinterest http://pinterest.com/kayelleallen/
Goodreads http://goodreads.com/KayelleAllen
Shelfari http://shelfari.com/kayelleallen
Romance Lives Forever http://romancelivesforever.blogspot.com/
Marketing for Romance Writers http://marketingforromancewriters.org/
The Author's Secret http://theauthorssecret.com
Also by Kayelle Allen:
Books in chronological order, and where to buy them:
At the Mercy of Her Pleasure, Loose Id: http://loose-id.com/antonello-brothers-1-at-the-mercy-of-her-pleasure.html
For Women Only, Loose Id: http://loose-id.com/antonello-brothers-2-for-women-only.html
Forbid My Heart, Loose Id http://www.loose-id.com/forbid-my-heart-a-luc-and-rah-story.html
Keeper of My Pleasure, Ellora's Cave http://ellorascave.com/keeper-of-my-pleasure.html
Kayelle's Giveaway
Here's a giveaway for everyone. It's a word search puzzle of words taken from Forbid My Heart, the sequel to Surrender Love. When you click the link, this will either offer you a download, or open in a new window, depending on your settings. To read it, you need Adobe Reader, available free. http://is.gd/FMH_puzzle
KA: Rather than repeat the blurb, I'll tell you a bit about how this story came to be. When I wrote the Tales of the Chosen (being re-released in January) the trilogy featured Luc Saint-Cyr. It was always intended as a happy-for-now romance between Luc and Wulf, and a happy-ever-after between Wulf and Alitus. When it ended, Luc had no one. I wrote Surrender Love so Luc wouldn't be alone. Since he is immortal, there really is no way to give him a "forever" love unless he falls in love with another immortal. I had envisioned the story as a fling for him that turned serious. Izzorah "Rah" Ceeow was supposed to be mortal, and he had a bad heart. Luc, being a rescuer, swooped in to save him and would keep him alive for as long as possible. But every time I gave the slightest indication that Izzorah would not be his forever, Luc had a melt down.
Now, yes. I know he's a "fictional" character and I am the writer. He's supposed to do things my way. But try telling that to Luc Saint-Cyr! He always gets what he wants, and he wanted Rah forever. So I had to change my plot and figure out a way to make Izzorah immortal. That changed everything. I had plotted out three books, but now, the storyline for the other two didn't fit. I had to rewrite everything. It has taken me several years to come up with a sequel that fits the changed plot of Surrender Love.
HH: What will readers like about Luc and why will they empathize with him?
KA: He's the alpha of alphas, yet he has a tender heart. He's immortal, yet he's a wounded hero. He's brazen and bold, yet he's shy. He's a complete enigma, and no one is capable of understanding this man. On his homeworld, people say his name only when they can't avoid it. Otherwise he's referred to as the Harbinger, or the Man, or simply Him. When they say it, you can hear the capital letters. He instills fear in people. He's alone. Until he meets Rah.
HH: What will readers love about Izzorah?
KA: Izzorah is a little feral, a little innocent, and all male. One reviewer said "I truly believe out of all the lovers I've seen Luc with, Rah is the one sent by whatever God grants love and happiness. He's Luc's gift for the times over the thousands of years where Luc was suffering or lonely." Yes, Luc has been promiscuous and naughty through every book (and he's been at least a minor character in all of them). But once he meets Izzorah, he finds his soul mate and match. Izzorah is the sweetness to Luc's salt. Luc tells him, "I want you to be my lover, Izzorah. Not my toy, never my slave. If I don't listen, force me. Bite me, if you have to. Make me hear you. Make me pay attention." Izzorah is the typical cat with his response. "Yes, Luc. I promise not to let you get away with ignoring me." He laid back his ears. "What made you think I'd let you do that, anyway?" (Have you ever tried to read a book with a cat in your lap? There will be a paw on the book or a cat face nuzzling your chin trying to get attention. Luc is in for a surprise if ever tries that with Rah.)
HH: What did you enjoy most about writing this story?
KA: Making Luc happy. It's not always a writer's job to please the characters. You can't tell a story without conflict and resolution. You have to put your characters through hell sometimes. Who'd want to read a book about everything going right? Even fairy tales for children have big bad wolves and monsters at the door. Writing a modern love story is no less daunting. But I did want to give Luc his forever love, and I was pleased I could do that.
HH: What makes this book different from any of your other works?
KA: I plot everything in detail and generally stick to the story. I'm not a pantser. If I was, I'd likely write more. But I'm a fan of detail and complexity. I don't write simple stories. Mine have to be layered and epic. So having to completely scrap my original plan and write a new book was quite an ordeal for me. It is quite different in that respect. I insisted it fit the universe I'd already developed, however. Making sure all the dates lined up and that things had happened on the right timeline were important. I had to do some creative finagling to make it all work. But in the end, it came out great.
HH: What else do you have in store for lucky readers?
KA: I'm releasing a new book in January 2014 -- and re-releasing the Tales of the Chosen series at the same time. Alitus originally focused on the relationship of Alitus Vivaldi and Rheyn Destoiya, and told how he ended up being in love with Wulf Gabriel. The new version is strictly a gay romance and gives much more detail about the love between these two men. It's a completely new story with a few elements from the original so that it still fits within the trilogy. I discovered that of the three books, Alitus was the least popular. It won more awards than the other two and had better reviews, but it didn't sell as strongly. A private poll among readers revealed that they expected the trilogy would be completely male/male romance. I've altered that, and perhaps one day I'll release a "prequel" for my readers who enjoy male/female romance, showing how Alitus and the Empress became a couple. We'll see. I listen to my readers. If they want it, I'll do my best.
HH: Where do you draw inspiration from in your writing career?
KA: Everything. I get ideas every day. It might be music, a story I hear, reading the news, watching a movie, reading an article... story ideas are all around us. I've taught myself to think "How would this be done in the Tarthian Empire?" Since I also write about the Kin, I wonder sometimes if they would do something this or that way. I try to not "think outside the box" but instead, just assume there is no box to think outside of.
HH: What are you most grateful for in your writing career?
KA: The opportunities I've had. I've taken some big risks in my career, but they've paid off. I have come a long ways and learned a great deal.
HH: What are you reading right now?
KA: I'm reading The Orion Project by Edward Marin. It's about a mummy who comes to life and must find his way back to Egypt and the Great Pyramid. It's almost a time travel story in that the main character is completely out of his element in our era, and it has historical and science fiction elements. I'm only about half-way through it, so I can't tell you how satisfying it is, but I'm enjoying it so far.
HH: Where can readers find you online?
KA: I'm on most social media. If I'm not, I probably will be soon. I tend to make the rounds of all of them eventually, but I focus most of my attention on Twitter, Facebook, and my Yahoo groups. I've also just added a newsletter. Here's a listing where you can find me most often.
Homeworld http://kayelleallen.com
Unstoppable Heroes Blog http://kayelleallen.com/blog
Newsletter http://www.kayelleallen.com/contact.html
Twitter http://twitter.com/kayelleallen
Facebook http://facebook.com/kayelleallen.author
Pinterest http://pinterest.com/kayelleallen/
Goodreads http://goodreads.com/KayelleAllen
Amazon Author page http://is.gd/kayelle_amazon
Shelfari http://shelfari.com/kayelleallen
HH: Thank you!
Close this window


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The Steubenville rape case shows how social media affect criminal cases. But the law has yet to mark the point at which intoxication is so severe that a person can't legally give meaningful consent, says Ric Simmons in CNN.
The Observation Deck
A blog of opinions on local, state and national issues


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Rise of the Guardians 2012 720p BluRay x264-SPARKS
Scene group SPARKS released the 720p BluRay of Rise of the Guardians (2012), an Animation Adventure Family movie, starring Hugh Jackman, Alec Baldwin, Isla Fisher, directed by Peter Ramsey … Enjoy!
Description: When an evil spirit known as Pitch lays down the gauntlet to take over the world, the immortal Guardians must join forces for the first time to protect the hopes, beliefs, and imaginations of children all over the world.
Genre: Animation | Adventure | Family
IMDB rating: 7.4/10 from 19,743 users
Directed by: Peter Ramsey
Starring: Hugh Jackman, Alec Baldwin, Isla Fisher
Release Name: Rise.of.the.Guardians.2012.720p.BluRay.x264-SPARKS
Size: 2.22 GB
Video: X264 | 1280×720 | 1005 Kbps
Audio: English AC3
Runtime: 1h 37m
Subtitles: SUBS


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Plucker Downloads
The Plucker project consists of three basic components:
These come in many languages and other formats that may or may not be suitable for your needs or your device. Installing a German viewer on an English Palm handheld or installing a hi-res viewer on a lo-res device wouldn't make much sense, for example.
Read on to see what each component is used for, and which ones might be best for you.
Plucker's "distiller" is a series of scripts, currently written in Python, which are used to "spider" or crawl webpages you specify, fetching more links and pages as it goes, until it reaches your specified maximum depth.
The "distiller" is the core of Plucker, and without it, you will not be able to fetch webpages or local files to convert to Plucker format. In other words, you need this component, at the very least, to create Plucker documents.
If you ever found editing configuration files by hand difficult, Plucker Desktop is the tool for you.
Plucker also has many options for desktop components. This is a GUI or graphical application that allows you to configure your Plucker "channels" for fetching. Through an intelligent GUI, you can create, manage, edit, and begin converting your specified webpages or local files and ebooks, to Plucker format.
The Plucker project has an optional desktop component called "Plucker Desktop", written and maintained by Robert O'Connor. This is a wxWidgets-based interface that sits on top of the Plucker Python "distiller" scripts, and is used to configure, manage, and fetch your content.
Plucker Desktop includes everything you need to use Plucker, including the viewer, the parser/distiller components, and a great GUI to configure and fetch your content.
You can find out more details, including a full tour of the application, by visiting the Plucker Desktop project page.
Plucker's "viewer" is the actual application you want to install on your Palm handheld device. This is the application that is used to view/read and interact with your converted Plucker content.
Plucker's viewer comes in many languages (currently 15), and also has two formats: hi-res and lo-res. The hi-res viewer is used for devices with high-resolution screens. Most modern Palm handhelds have these screens. If your Palm handheld is older, or only has a 160x160 pixel resolution (square screen), you'll want the lo-res version of the Plucker viewer.
If you wish to test the latest unstable features of Plucker, you can also try these beta builds. They are not guaranteed to work at all, and if it breaks, you get to keep the pieces.
Seriously though, these will give you an idea of the new features and capabilities that are being put into the new Plucker versions not-yet-released. Even-numbered releases are always considered "stable" releases, and odd-numbered releases are always considered "unstable" releases.
Give these a try, but please remember to report back any bugs you find, in our bugtracker. so we can try to help you fix them.
Please remember to search the existing bugs before you post your new bug. Many times, someone else has already reported the bug you've found. Please check first to be sure!
Useful Links
Latest Plucker News
Press Release: New Plucker website released with lots of new features
Thursday September 27th 2007
The Plucker website has been around for many, many years (since 2001), and it has been through many different iterations with varying levels of usa ...
Plucker Installer for Windows Version 1.1.11SR1 is now available!
Monday August 13th 2001
What's New: + Added feature - Bug fixed * Improved/changed feature 1.1.11SR1 : Install ...
PlkrData V2 Beta 3 is now available
Tuesday December 17th 2002
PlkrData is a small utility for importing and exporting channel data. "Channels" are the way Plucker refers to web-site presets; they define the UR ...
This website is 100% compliant with XHTML 1.0 Strict and uses valid CSS.
Only very minimal use of tables allows us to achieve this result.
Plucker runs on Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Palm handheld devices, Windows Mobile devices and handheld devices powered by Linux.
Plucker is a Free Software project. We do this entirely in our spare time, to provide a great piece of software for you.
None of the Plucker developers get paid for their work on Plucker.
Syndicate :: XMLrss :: Plucker Workshop
rss :: Digg Palm News
rss :: 1SRC News
rss :: PalmAddicts
rss :: PalmInfocenter
rss :: TreoCentral
rss :: Treonauts
rss :: Y Technology


text: While a lot of Indian cities have a fabulous night life, there are some that have none. But why should that stop you from having a good time? Do clubs in your city/town close at 11? Plan a party at a friend's place and have fun all day and all night instead! But before you break into a sweat wondering what to wear to such dos, here are some ideas for you. The basic mantra is to keep it simple. You're at a friend's place, not an actual club. But don't tone it down too much and arrive in flip-flops and worn-out shorts with an old T. Make it even more happening by deciding on a theme. That will require more effort of course, but can also translate into greater entertainment. And what better way to party than with a bunch of close buddies all dressed like you've never seen them before?


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Chocolate-coconut Sheet Cake
Love coconut and chocolate- will definitely try this out!
Love coconut and chocolate- will definitely try this out!
These look great! Will add them to pinterest board. :)
Three Lucky Husbands hasn't written a post yet.
Getting you ready for Valentine's Day with these Chocolate Fudge Raspberry Baby Cakes!... More
A fragrant and moist coffee cake topped with sweet and crunchy walnut streusel and drizzled with an espresso glaze.... More
This Chocolate-coconut Sheet Cake is the moistest, most deeply chocolatey cake I have ever made.... More
The Best Chocolate Cake with Chocolate Ganache - I'm having a big juicy bite of this in honor on National Chocolate Cake Day today... More
This sweet, bacon filled baked French toast makes is easy to prep the day before for an easy-morning brunch the day after. More
According to Joy Wilson, author of Joy the Baker Cookbook, these Peanut Butter Bacon Cookies are perfect man bait but we're thinking that they're everyone bait, that is if you're a fan of bacon. More
This slaw is a great way to eat your colors, and it's every bit as delicious as it is healthful. More
Elvis was onto something with his love of peanut butter, bacon and banana sandwiches. Bacony buttermilk waffles serve as salty bookends for caramelized bananas in a maple-peanut butter sauce. The King would be proud. More
A rich homemade chicken stock forms a flavorful base for this hearty chowder bursting with creamy potatoes and corn. More


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News and Events
All the latest news from the World Gold Council, keeping you up to date with events, insights and analysis in the gold industry.
Latest news
A national hallmarking system is an essential component of a successful gold monetisation scheme in India according to the World Gold Council
Published 30th July 2015
A new report, Developing Indian Hallmarking – A roadmap for future growth, released today by the World Gold Council, finds that improvements to the hallmarking system in India are essential to a successful gold monetisation scheme.
The LBMA Bullion Market Forum
25th June 2015 - 16:30 to 17:30
The World Gold Council is the market development organisation for the gold industry, and the global authority on gold. As such we are a key player in helping shape the changing gold market to ensure it develops in a sustainable and dynamic manner for the benefit of all its stakeholders.
Mining on Top: Africa
24th June 2015 - 09:00 to 26th June 2015 - 17:30
The theme of the Mining on Top London Summit this year is 'Connecting Nations, Investors and Industry Leaders to Drive Economic and Social Development in Africa through Mining'.


text:
Look at this:
David Ben-Gurion who is the founding father of modern Israel,
Was a Buddhist???
If GOD is all in control
Why he choose a Buddhist to be the founding father of modern Israel?
And more important ,fulfilling one of the most important Biblical prophecies: the re- establishment of Israel.


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Posted on behalf of Tomás Hayes Kerry County Enteprise Board
Our February meeting brings us the fledgling but growing business of Kristian O'Donovan and Tomás Finneran. These entrepreneurs run Flúirse Ltd., (www.fluirse.com) a producer of educational CD Roms based in The Crean Business Centre in Tralee. Flúirse means "abundance" and these two businessmen have the drive, the business skill, a flair for publicity and style in abundance.
This business was formed in 2005 to develop interactive media and software that is specifically designed for the primary school curriculum. Flúirse also develop and host online training courses specifically for Primary School Teachers.
The business won the Southern Final of the Shell Livewire Young Entrepreneur of the Year competition in 2006, and was short-listed recently for the eLearning Product of the Year at the Digital Media Awards.
The Kerry Business Network has invited the business partners to tell us their story, the idea development, where the business came from, the problems, the opportunities, the pitfalls and challenges in developing to their current stage. What does the future hold for the business?
This event has been arranged as follows:
Venue: Randles Court Hotel, Killarney
Date: 12th February 2007
Time: 7 p.m.
DonáI O' Grady is taking the product table for the night and we look forward to his insights and expertise on quality water and filtration systems.
I hope to see you all there as we re-launch the Network for 2007!!!
Please confirm your attendance to Deirdre or Josephine at 066 7183522 or email@example.com
Tomás Hayes


text: On 27/10/05, Chris Kuethe <chris_(_dot_)_kuethe_(_at_)_gmail_(_dot_)_com> wrote: > Because this list does not permit attachments, interested ThinkPad > users can download the program and the diff from > http://www.ualberta.ca/~ckuethe/apsscale.tgz By the way, if you're going to test, this send me the output from your calibration run. It'd be nice to ship with a calibration that outputs sane G numbers out of the box, so that we don't have to make every thinkpad user calibrate their laptop. CK -- GDB has a 'break' feature; why doesn't it have 'fix' too?


text:
designer solutions for small(er) space living
When CB2 Soho opened in 2007, I relocated to Brooklyn from Chicago as store designer. New York being a bit more densly populated, once I found a place it was time to get creative with my smaller space. Especially since I'm not the kind of guy who has only 6 pairs of shoes—and gives up one when he buys a 7th.
I got the biggest bang for my footprint buck with floor to ceiling shelves in the hall. They stow a space heater or A/C unit, tax files and a printer, air mattress and extra blankets, a suitcase and 12 pairs of shoes! A canvas tarp as a curtain not only hides the stash, it adds texture and dramatically heightens the space.
In the living room, a halogen credenza doubles as a media center and library storing audio equipment and art books. The high gloss finish contrasts nicely with a ladder, left behind by the painters, that's been repurposed as a magazine rack.
But I'm proudest of the kitchen. With so many to-go options, the oven is great for storing pots and pans. Martini glasses fit perfectly in the refrigerator crisper and freezer—and they're pre-chilled!
A reclaimed 3-drawer dresser not only makes a great work island, it's closed storage for less display worthy treasures while format shelves give a museum quality to my Kidrobot® and Hot Wheels® collectibles.
All said and done, my dream of modern minimalism has become my eco-conscious reality—especially in winter when my bike fits perfectly above the kitchen cabinets.
Thanks to vance, store designer soho, for this submission.


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Plan your meals, automatically generate a Shopping List
By Jimmynee
These East-West lettuce cups are inspired by a classic Chinese appetizer. They are simple to make and guarantee to please even the toughest crowd. Add grilled chicken and corn for a summertime twist on these old favorites.
Community Activity
- Times added to weekly planners 17
- User recommendations 6
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February 11th, 2010 16:27 Molly & Jamie ~ At the Green Market ~ Parisian Cheese 6 Comments
For my 25th birthday, I went on a trip to Paris. Yes, this makes me just about the luckiest girl there is and my experience in France was only confirmation of that fact. I fell in love with Paris- the food, the city, the people, the pastries! All of these were enough to make me consider packing my bags and staying for good....
Recent recipe comments
I will try this with canned salmon and maybe a little dill.
you had me a ham crisps!
Looks delicious, The picture almost looks like a piece of salmon so I was a little confused. Thanks for the recipe.
I have never heard of matcha before... what is is good for? does it taste good?
Wow! I have never heard of butter hiding in a burger. The looks amazing!
Looks great, beautiful pictures.


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This probably sounds weird, but I'll say gluttony, cause we both love food!!!! :P
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This probably sounds weird, but I'll say gluttony, cause we both love food!!!! :P
Oki well...uh....uh...........Wrath!
Cute but has a temper XDD
"For it was not into my ear you whispered, but into my heart. It was not my lips you kissed, but my soul." - Judy Garland
Archmage Evelyn Nightingale, Guardian of the North, at your service.
Formally known as Vanilla Kiss.
I am not completely sure. It would be a mixture of them together. LOL Nah, the most that can relate yo myself is probably Envy.
Every great work of art has two faces, one toward its own time and one toward the future, toward eternity.
Daniel Barenboim
Here is my family!:
lilminx: My awesome big sister!
*Tsuki*: Awesome lil sister!
Teddy2116:Cool big bro!
Hikaru_Hitachiin: Cool older Brother!
kirei-chan: Awesomo big sister!
Serpentarius: Brother in law!
Envy, cuz im a tad..differnt? And gluttony, cuz fooooood is goooooooood!! ^^
Fatal Frame II
Because Friendship is MAGIC!
Greed.I'm pretty selfish when it comes to things that are relevant to me.
well for me i have to say that i am more like envy and sloth. but mostly envy.
Gluttony and Sloth
"Your true face... What kind of... face is it? I wonder... The face under the mask... Is that... your true face?" -Child On The Moon
For me prolly Greed. Theres never enough for me. After I reach something Im always looking to take more.
Well i think is Wrath. we are spicy and mysterious, and cute xD
~> C'mon to my darkside, i have cupcakes x'D <~
My "family":
~>Tsuki Moon88 (sister)
~> AnimePrince (brother)
~> Mandy-Chan (sister)
Greed, Envy, Sloth and Gluttony.
lust because get chased after by guys left and right even though they know i'm married..
and envy because i grew up most of my life hating everyone for the things i wanted but could never have.
can anyone feel the pain?
LET'S GOOOOOO! Into TWIIIIILIIIIGHT!!
Well. Of all the deadly sins, mine is probably Pride. So I guess I'm like him.
Sig by Feferi <3
"Don't go around saying the world owes you a living. The world owes you nothing. It was here first."
-Mark Twain
"There is no excellent beauty that hath not some strangeness in the proportion"
~Francis Bacon~
I probally relate to Wrath or Envy.
Check out Anime Globe for the latest in anime reviews and anime news!
~Me, when my waifu confessed her love to me~
gluttony, sloth and greed.
Gluttony- i like food and food probly loves me.
Sloth- isnt that like....laziness? yeah it is...im like the laziest person ever.
Greed- too much is never enough, i always seem to want more
set made by me. im now taking requests, pm me if you'd like a sig.
Envy, definitely envy!
greed; i always want more in life, i never have enough
envy; it upsets me when ppl who don't work hard for things have everything
pride; i can be quite prideful over my own accomplishments, sometimes thinking i'm better then others
&& all the world's a stage
i existed because i dreamed it;
i dreamed the world...//
[i made the gfx.]
Pride. It's the thing that's gonna kill me.
.......hmmmm....probably Greed ........always wanting more and more and more............also Pride.......there is always pirde in oneself ....
"To do is to be" - Descartes, "To be is to do" - Voltaire, "Do be do be do" - Sinatra.
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Marc Rich, one of the most famous white collar criminals in recent memory, has died in Switzerland at age 78, as the result of a stroke.
Rich became a millionaire before he turned 50 – but not without controversy. The college dropout (he never finished New York University) found a profitable market in trade. By the time he turned 30, he was trading crude oil at sky high prices. He made other lucrative investments, including a share of the 20th Century Fox Fox studio which he sold to Rupert Murdoch for $250 million.
In spite of United States boycott of Iran, Rich traded with the Ayatollah's government even while Americans were being held hostage in Tehran. It would be one of a series of distasteful (and in most cases, illegal) moves: he would do business with Libya, South Africa, Cuba and other countries under embargo or boycott. And it paid off: Rich made billions.
Apparently comfortable with his own business practices, Rich flouted tax laws as well. In 1983, Rich was indicted on 65 criminal charges, including tax fraud. He was said to have evaded at least $50 million in federal taxes, leading former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani to remark that it was "the biggest tax evasion case in US history." His company eventually handed over about $200 million in civil penalties but Rich and his business partner avoided prosecution – and up to 300 years in prison – by fleeing to Switzerland.
Even as the Internal Revenue Service offered huge rewards for his capture, Rich hardly suffered. Fortune magazine reported that after he fled, he continued to bring in millions, earning roughly $300 million in 1988 alone. His parties were lavish and legendary, ranging from a New Year's Eve bash at his St. Moritz ski house to entertaining celebrities at his $9.5 million manse in Marbella, Spain.
Nearly two decades later, Rich was at the center of one of the most controversial presidential pardons in history. Even though he appeared on the FBI's "Most Wanted" list alongside Osama bin Laden, Rich was pardoned by then President Clinton in 2001. After the pardon, it was alleged that the President had given into political and donor pressures which were influenced by, among other things, donations made by Denise Rich, Rich's wife at the time, to the Democratic party. Those donations, although politically damaging, were found not to have influenced the pardon (*cough*). Other powerful individuals were said to have lobbied for Rich's pardon, including top Israeli officials such as Prime Minister Ehud Barak and ex-Mossad chief Shabtai Shavit as an acknowledgment for tens of millions of dollars Rich contributed to Israeli hospitals, museums, and other charities.
In the last years of his life, despite losing millions in the Madoff Ponzi scheme, Rich continued to live well. The company he founded, Glencore, went public in 2011 and merged with Xstrata Xstrata earlier this year. Rich's hand in the company landed him at #937 on Forbes' billionaire list in 2010. His estimated net worth of $1 billion was said, at the time, to be "likely low."
His ex-wife, Denise Rich, also took a page from Rich's playbook: she moved to London and renounced her US citizenship. The move, accountants said, saved her tens of millions of dollars in taxes.
Want more taxgirl goodness? Sign up to receive posts by email, follow me on twitter (@taxgirl), hang out with me on Facebook or check out my new YouTube channel. You can also buy my book in print at Amazon.com or as an ebook for the Kindle, or


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This invention provides a precursor film stack for use in the production of MEMS devices. The precursor film stack comprises a carrier substrate, a first layer formed on the carrier substrate, a second layer of an insulator material formed on the first layer, and a third layer of a sacrificial material formed on the second layer.
1. A film stack for the production of MEMS devices, the film stack comprising:
a substrate;
a first layer formed over the substrate, said first layer comprising a conductive material;;
a second layer formed over the first layer, said second layer comprising an insulator material; and
a third layer formed on the second layer, said third layer comprising a sacrificial material, wherein said third layer is formed prior to processing of said first and second layers which takes place after the deposition of said first and second layers.
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This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/606,001 entitled "THIN FILM PRECURSOR STACK FOR MEMS MANUFACTURING", filed Jun. 24, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,221,495, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to fabrication processes for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices and more specifically to the manufacture of interferometric modulators.
2. Description of the Related Art
An interferometric modulator is a class of MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) devices which have been described and documented in a variety of patents including U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,835,255, 5,986,796, 6,040,937, 6,055,090, and U.S. Pending patent application Ser. Nos. 09/966,843, 09/974,544, 10/082,397, 10/084,893, and 10/878,282, herein incorporated by reference. One of the key attributes of these devices is the fact that they are fabricated monolithically using semiconductor-like fabrication processes. Specifically, these devices are manufactured in a sequence of, steps which combine film deposition, photolithography, and etching using a variety of techniques. More detail on these processes is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/074,562 filed on Feb. 12, 2002, and herein incorporated by reference.
In one embodiment, a film stack for the production of MEMS devices is provided, the film stack including a substrate, a first layer formed over the substrate, a second layer formed over the first layer, said second layer including an insulator material, and a third layer formed on the second layer, the third layer including a sacrificial material, where each of the first, second and third layers are formed prior to post-deposition processing of the layers.
In another embodiment, a method of making a film stack for the production of MEMS devices is provided, the method including providing a substrate, forming a first layer over the substrate, forming a second layer over the first layer, the second layer including an insulator material, and forming a third layer over the second layer, the third layer including a sacrificial material, wherein forming each of the first, second and third layers is done prior to post-deposition processing of the layers.
In another embodiment, a film stack for the production of MEMS devices is provided, including means for conducting an electrical current, means for supporting the conducting means, means for insulating the conducting means, and means for defining the shape of an interferometric cavity above the conducting means.
In the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific materials, machines, and methods in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that these specific details need not be employed to practice the present invention. In other instances, well known materials, machines, or methods have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
A common characteristic of processes for manufacturing MEMS devices is that they begin with the deposition of a stack of thin films which are crucial to the operation and subsequent fabrication of the device. These precursor films are useful in the fabrication of a broad variety of MEMS devices including interferometric modulators, and their deposition can occur as a part of a larger process to manufacture the MEMS device. In one embodiment of the present invention the films are deposited separately in a stand alone facility to form a precursor stack, which is then sent to multiple facilities which complete the processing. The primary benefit is that the stand alone facility can be optimized to produce these films or precursor stacks at very high throughputs that allow for economies of scale not possible in an integrated factory, i.e., one that does both the deposition and post-deposition processing. Furthermore, since the technology development of the precursor stack occurs at the stand alone facility, entities which desire to perform the subsequent processing steps are faced with a lower technological barrier to entry.
Patent application Ser. No. 10/074,562 herein incorporated by reference describes a prototypical fabrication sequence for building interferometric modulators. In general, interferometric modulator fabrication sequences and categories of sequences are notable for their simplicity and cost effectiveness. This is due in large part to the fact that all of the films are deposited using physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques with sputtering being the preferred and least expensive of the approaches. Part of the simplicity derives from the fact that all interferometric modulator structures, and indeed many other planar MEMS structures are bound by the fact that they require a lower electrode, an insulating structure to prevent shorting, a sacrificial material, and an actuatable or movable structure. An insulating structure differs from a film in that it is not continuous in its form but by mechanical means is able to prevent electrical contact through its body. This fact presents an opportunity in that a subset of these films, a precursor stack comprising one or more of the lower electrode, insulating structure, the sacrificial layer, and optionally an actuatable structure may be manufactured separately and in advance of the actuatable structure or structures.
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Robert Crosnoe, Chair CLA 3.306, Mailcode A1700, Austin, TX 78712 • 512-232-6300
In Conversation with Shamus Khan
Fri, November 1, 2013 • 3:30 PM • Ethnography Lab Conference Room
Dr. Khan will give a talk about his forthcoming article "Talk is Cheap." Some key readings will be circulated beforehand: the original article, critics' responses and Khan's response to the critiques. This will be an informal conversation between Khan and the audience, so reading is crucial. Please email Katie Jensen (email@example.com) for the readings if you will be in attendance.
Sponsored by the Ethnography Lab.


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SaltWater Grill
Eatery offers fresh twist on tasty seafood
CORPUS CHRISTI - From the ocean to the plate
The south side of Corpus Christi has a treasure of a restaurant: SaltWater Grill. Using fresh from the boat seafood, SaltWater Grill chefs blend unusual combinations of fruits and spices to complement and enhance natural flavors of the seafood.
Situated on Cimarron near the corner of Wooldridge, this calm oasis of an eatery offers its diners unique choices of main dishes not found anywhere else in the Coastal Bend. With its ever-changing daily selections, SaltWater Grill is always surprising its customers.
Entrees specials may be blackened redfish drizzled with roasted red pepper aioli and served with roasted red potatoes and sautéed vegetables, or pan-seared salmon with avocado and cucumber aioli and served with rice pilaf and sautéed vegetables or chipotle-encrusted tuna served with Asian slaw and sautéed vegetables.
SaltWater Grill is open seven days a week for lunch and dinner. Catering services and call -ahead ordering is available.
Warm weather demands cool drinks. Sip on an ice cold mango margarita as you munch on spicy homemade potato chips.
Tempting appetizers include crispy hush puppies, Parmesan-crusted shrimp or baked mushrooms stuffed with crab meat and topped with mozzarella cheese and garlic cream sauce.
Soups, salads and sandwiches are perfect choices for smaller appetites. Bite into the crab cake burger created with a large, pan-seared crab cake topped with mayo slaw, fresh baby spinach and the house remoulade dressing or the Ahi tuna salad with grilled or blackened tuna served over a bed of greens with the house special sweet chili dressing.
For dinner relish the shrimp cheri, the fried shrimp and oysters combo or the pan-seared flounder topped with a lemon caper butter sauce served with rice and vegetables.
Meat lovers are not excluded from the SaltWater Grill. Cooked to your specifications, indulge in the hand-cut, Black Angus chargrilled rib eye steak or the chicken fried chicken strips: chicken breast strips fried golden brown and served with cream gravy.
Desserts are fun with selections of a slice of cheesecake covered with caramel sauce or the homemade bread pudding.
SaltWater Grill
Address: 2401 Cimarron (near Wooldridge)
Phone: 993-7258
Hours: 11 a.m. to 10 p.m. each day
Subscribe to the Caller-Times
Need Help? Call us at 1-800-566-8098.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 7am-11am / Sunday: 7am-11am


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Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at Mighty Men
Naked Men, Hung Muscle Studs and Naked Jocks
See Matthew Rush's first video since becoming open to projects outside of Falcon. It is a solo by Jon Royce, and it is sizzling hot. New look, new tats, new Matthew. Full video on MightyMen.Com
Pixels: 320X240 | Bitrate: 350K
Pixels: 640X480 | Bitrate: 700K
The one and Matt Rush.


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Last week, I was invited to Tinsley's house for a gluten free tweet up. Tinsley is a stylish and fun twenty something who has an amazing company called Celiebo and it's just so much fun to be part of her Sex in the City world for a sparkling evening before I return to my just turned forty life. A highlight of the gluten free fare she served was her chocolate pudding. "I put vegetables in EVERYTHING!" she said bubbling with enthusiasm as I asked about the stylish spread. The chocolate pudding was a take off on Jessica Seinfeld's chocolate pudding recipe (in her Double Delicious cookbook p.159) which Tinsley had made her own by using earth balance for the vegetable shortening and agave and a little water to replace the sugar. She generously gave me her version because even though she credited Jessica Seinfeld, I knew that she had tweaked it a little and I pressed her for HER rendition of Jessica Seinfeld's recipe. If you haven't gotten a copy of Jessica Seinfeld's new book Double Delicious, by the way, it is really terrific and not to be missed. I am not the expert at hiding vegetables in prepared food that Jessica and Tinsley are, but I admire both of them for their enthusiasm for their pro-vegetable approach. I made the chocolate pudding at home, but sadly, it wasn't the same as Tinsley's. I did eat it for days and found it incredibly rich and satisfying when I wanted a sweet treat--but I think food always tastes better when someone else prepares it. I have to admit, when I first made it, I regretted that I didn't have the avocados for guacamole. But, it was a healthier dessert than what I usually grab. I also saw another recipe for chocolate pudding using avocados in Living Without so it must be a popular dessert right now. You can see Tinsley's amazing party spread on her Celiebo VLOG Episode #190 Gluten Free Getting a Community.
Also, here are the other guests I met at the tweet up...
Lauren who vlogs at The Celiac Diva (@TheCeliacDiva)
Jill who can be found at Glow Gluten Free (@glowglutenfree)
Erin who writes Gluten-Free Fun (@gfreefun)
Kristen who writes Pasta's Kitchen (@PastasKitchen)
Susan Cohen who directed Generation Gluten Free (@susanecohen)
Deborah (@gothamtomato)
1/4 Cup "buttery spread" - I use Earth Balance
1 cup avocado puree – 2 avocados in food processor with about a TBSP of water to get a creamy consistency
1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
1/2 cup unsweetened cocoa powder
1 cup confectioners sugar OR if you prefer to go light on the sugar sub the 1 cup for 1/3 cup agave, 1/2 tsp salt, 1/2 cup water, whisked together – still working out these measurements, sometimes the texture is a little off, but I try to go easy on the sugar
1/4 cup cornstarch OR 2 TBSP Arrowroot for a corn-free version
Melt buttery spread over low heat. Stir in the avocado puree, sugar, cocoa powder, & vanilla (or agave mixture). Cook until the mixture thickens (about 5-7 min). Off heat, add cornstarch or arrowroot gradually until mixture thickens. Very creamy when served warm.
Dust with confectioners sugar & enjoy!


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The bright, long-lasting tone continues to make them THE POWER STRING.
Gauges .010, .013, .015, .26, .32, .38. Roundwound nickel-plated steel delivers passion, power and performance. The dynamite alloy Boomers continue to be the standard to play by. GHS has made the highest quality strings since 1964. The choice of numerous guitar greats.