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|The spontaneous KitW-sh (or "sash") mutation affects melanoblast and mast cell survival, and may be useful in studying melanogenesis, hematopoiesis, gametogenesis and mast cell deficiency.
Type Congenic; Spontaneous Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Additional information on Congenic nomenclature. Mating System Homozygote x Homozygote (Female x Male) 09-JUN-14 Species laboratory mouse Background Strain C57BL/6J Donor Strain (C3H/HeH x 101/H)F1 Generation N11+N1F5 (17-DEC-13)
Generation Definitions
Donating Investigator Stephen J Galli, Stanford University School of Medicine
white coat, black eyes
Related Genotype: a/a Kit W-sh/KitW-sh
Important Note
KitW-sh mutant mice are available with different amounts of backcrossing onto the C57BL/6J genetic background: KitW-sh mutant mice from Stock No. 005051 were found to be only ~87% C57BL/6 genetic background. In comparison, KitW-sh mutant mice from Stock No. 012861 have been backcrossed at least ten additional generations with C57BL/6J inbred animals. Therefore, Stock No. 012861 mice are a fully congenic model for studying KitW-sh on a C57BL/6J genetic background.
The KitW-sh (or "sash") mutation results in an embryonic deficit and eventual abolishment of mast cells soon after birth. There is also a deficit of melanocytes and interstitial cells in these mice. Reduced numbers of melanocytes results in some hearing impairment in homozygotes. The KitW-sh mutation is a inversion in regulatory elements upstream of the c-kit element. Homozygotes are white with black eyes and some pigment around the ears. Heterozygotes are black with a white sash at the midline. The mice are fertile and not anemic.
Recent findings of altered immune responses as a result of mast cell deficit in these mice include:
• heightened susceptibility to vaccinia virus skin infection;
• earlier and more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease (a model of multiple sclerosis) with extensive demyelination and inflammation in the CNS;
• exacerbated dermatitis upon repeated oxazolone challenge when compared to their wild-type;
• Ultra violet exposure in these mice does not induce immune suppression, as it does in wild type mice;
• lower serum IgE levels compared with wildtype mice under steady-state conditions and after N. brasiliensis (hookworm) infection;
• failure to elicit histamine release or contractile responses in trachea isolated from ovalbumin sensitized mast cell-deficient mice;
• development of ~50% more adenomas than littermate controls and with tumors being ~33% larger in KitW-sh mice;
• increased resistance to bacterial lipopolysaccharide injection;
• failure of ovalbumin sensitization to elicit histamine release or contractile responses in trachea isolated from sensitized KitW-sh mice.
In an attempt to offer alleles on well-characterized or multiple genetic backgrounds, alleles are frequently moved to a genetic background different from that on which an allele was first characterized. It should be noted that the phenotype could vary from that originally described. We will modify the strain description if necessary as published results become available.
The KitW-sh (or "sash") mutation arose spontaneously on a litter produced from a C3H/HeH x 101/H mating at the MRC Radiobiology Unit at Harwell (H) in the U. K. (Lyon and Glenister 1982 Genet Res 39:315). The founder female was identified by a white sash around her midsection. The KitW-sh mutation is an inversion spanning a 2.8 Mbp segment proximal to the Kit locus that disrupts 5' regulatory sequences. The KitW-sh strain was transferred to Dr. Karen Steel (Nihr) also at Harwell, then to Dr. Rudolf Jaenisch (Jae) at MIT, and then to Dr. Peter Besmer (Bsm) at Sloan Kettering. Prior to the transfer to Dr. Besmer, this strain was reported to be backcrossed at least ten times to C57BL/6. Prior to 2005, Dr. Besmer's lab distributed KitW-sh mice to different laboratories, including Dr. Stephen Galli (Glli) at Stanford University and also The Jackson Laboratory Repository as Stock No. 005051. The pedigree for Stock No. 012861 follows the mice sent to Dr. Galli. In Dr. Galli's laboratory, KitW-sh mutant males were backcrossed to inbred C57BL/6J females for 11 generations, and then heterozygous females and wildtype male littermates were sent to The Jackson Laboratory in 2010. Upon arrival, these animals were used to rederive the living colony. KitW-sh mutant males were bred to C57BL/6J inbred females (Stock No. 000664) for one generation (N11+N1), and thereafter maintained by breeding heterozygous mice with wildtype mice from the colony.
|Considerations for Choosing Controls
Strains carrying KitW-sh allele
005051 STOCK KitW-sh/HNihrJaeBsmJView Strains carrying KitW-sh (1 strain)Strains carrying other alleles of Kit
016588 A.B6-KitW-v/BeiMmjax 000599 B6 x B6CBCa Aw-J/A-T(5;13)264Ca KitW-v/J 006564 B6(C)-KitW-41J Gusbmps/BrkJ 015813 B6.129S7-Kittm1Rosay/J 000495 B6.C-H38c/By-KitW-56J/J 000560 B6.C-H7b/By KitW-50J/J 000122 B6.C3-KitW-44J/J 000991 B6.C58-KitW-57J/J 002283 B6.Cg-KitW-19H/EiJ 000133 B6.Cg-KitW-24J/J 000139 B6.Cg-KitW-25J/J 000164 B6.Cg-KitW/J 000194 B6.Cg-Lx KitW-v/J 000171 B6.D2-KitW-45J/J 001563 B6.D2-KitW-73J/J 001177 B6.LP-KitW-49J/J 025122 B6;D2-Tg(RP24-330G11-EGFP)1Mik/J 000350 B6By.Cg-KitW-v MitfMi-wh T/J 000627 C3H/HeJ-KitW-x/J 000847 C3Sn.B6-KitW-39J/J 000166 C57BL/6J-KitW-17J/J 000167 C57BL/6J-KitW-18J/J 000169 C57BL/6J-KitW-20J/J 000117 C57BL/6J-KitW-34J/J 000128 C57BL/6J-KitW-35J/J 000134 C57BL/6J-KitW-37J/J 000062 C57BL/6J-KitW-39J/J 000121 C57BL/6J-KitW-40J/J 000119 C57BL/6J-KitW-41J/J 000127 C57BL/6J-KitW-42J/J 000129 C57BL/6J-KitW-43J/J 000990 C57BL/6J-KitW-55J/J 001179 C57BL/6J-KitW-62J/J 021149 C57BL/6J-KitW-85J/GrsrJ 000049 C57BL/6J-KitW-v/J 000965 CBACa.C3-KitW-x/J 000092 FL/1Re-KitW/J 026622 NOD.Cg-KitW-41J Tyr + Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/ThomJ 000993 NZB/BlNJ-KitW-59J/J 000692 WB/ReJ KitW/J 100410 WBB6F1/J-KitW/KitW-v/JView Strains carrying other alleles of Kit (41 strains)
View Related Disease (OMIM) TermsRelated Disease (OMIM) Terms provided by MGI
- Potential model based on gene homology relationships. Phenotypic similarity to the human disease has not been tested.Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor; GIST (KIT)
Mast Cell Disease (KIT)
Piebald Trait; PBT (KIT)
Testicular Germ Cell Tumor; TGCT (KIT)
View Mammalian Phenotype TermsMammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGIassigned by genotype
KitW-sh/KitW-shinvolves: C57BL/6J
- immune system phenotype
- decreased susceptibility to type I hypersensitivity reaction
- following intradermally injection of BV-PLA2 or PLA2G3 into the mouse ear, mice fail to exhibit IgE and antigen induced dose-dependent vascular leakage or augmented passive cutaneous anaphylaxis unlike wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:197334)
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- abnormal vascular permeability
- following intradermally injection of BV-PLA2 or PLA2G3 into the mouse ear, mice fail to exhibit IgE and antigen induced dose-dependent vascular leakage or augmented passive cutaneous anaphylaxis unlike wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:197334)
The following phenotype information is associated with a similar, but not exact match to this JAX® Mice strain.
KitW-sh/Kit+involves: 101/H * C3H/HeH * CBA
- pigmentation phenotype
- variable body spotting
- appears as a distinctive broad white sash (MGI Ref ID J:24351)
- integument phenotype
- variable body spotting
- appears as a distinctive broad white sash (MGI Ref ID J:24351)
KitW-sh/KitW-shinvolves: 101/H * C3H/HeH
- immune system phenotype
- decreased mast cell degranulation
- following chloroquine treatment (MGI Ref ID J:157470)
- decreased mast cell number
- mice are described as being mast cell deficient (MGI Ref ID J:145444)
- increased susceptibility to parasitic infection
- pigmentation phenotype
- abnormal coat/hair pigmentation
- the coat is white except for small patches on or near the ears and, infrequently, at the base of the tail (MGI Ref ID J:6857)
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- impaired behavioral response to xenobiotic
- mice exhibit reduced chloroquine-induced scratching compared with similarly treated wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:157470)
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- abnormal definitive hematopoiesis (MGI Ref ID J:6857)
- abnormal erythrocyte cell number (MGI Ref ID J:6857)
- decreased erythrocyte cell number
- on this background,lower than normal mean hematocrit values were found but did not manifest as an anemia (MGI Ref ID J:6857)
- decreased mast cell degranulation
- following chloroquine treatment (MGI Ref ID J:157470)
- decreased mast cell number
- mice are described as being mast cell deficient (MGI Ref ID J:145444)
- integument phenotype
- abnormal coat/hair pigmentation
- the coat is white except for small patches on or near the ears and, infrequently, at the base of the tail (MGI Ref ID J:6857)
KitW-sh/KitW-shinvolves: 101/H * C3H/HeH * CBAView Research ApplicationsResearch ApplicationsThis mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:
KitW-sh related
Dermatology Research
Color and White Spotting Defects
skin and hair
Hematological Research
Mast Cell Deficiency
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Mast Cell Deficiency
Research Tools
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Mast Cell Deficiency
Sensorineural Research
Hearing Defects
Dermatology Research
Color and White Spotting Defects
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Mast Cell Deficiency
Research Tools
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Mast Cell Deficiency
|Allele Symbol
|Allele Name
|Allele Type
|Common Name(s)
|Sash; W-sh; Wsh; Wsh;
|Strain of Origin
|(C3H/HeH x 101/H)F1
|Gene Symbol and Name
|Kit, kit oncogene
|Gene Common Name(s)
|Bs; C-Kit; CD117; Dominant white spotting; Fdc; Gsfsco1; Gsfsco5; Gsfsow3; PBT; SCFR; SCO1; SCO5; SOW3; Ssm; Steel Factor Receptor; Tr-kit; W; belly-spot; dominant spotting; gsf spotted coat 1; gsf spotted coat 5; phenotype like Sl or W 3; spotted sterile male;
|Molecular Note
|The molecular mutation of this allele is an inversion located proximal to the Kit structural gene that disrupts 5' regulatory sequences. Transcripts were not detectable from this allele in cultured mast cells derived from homozygous mice. However, an analysis of embryonic expression revealed that ectopic expression of Kit occurred in homozygous mice and normal expression was ablated. [MGI Ref ID J:13166] [MGI Ref ID J:25082] [MGI Ref ID J:2535] [MGI Ref ID J:29686] [MGI Ref ID J:6857]
Genotyping resources and troubleshooting
Piliponsky AM; Chen CC; Grimbaldeston MA; Burns-Guydish SM; Hardy J; Kalesnikoff J; Contag CH; Tsai M; Galli SJ. 2010. Mast cell-derived TNF can exacerbate mortality during severe bacterial infections in C57BL/6-KitW-sh/W-sh mice. Am J Pathol 176(2):926-38. [PubMed: 20035049] [MGI Ref ID J:156439]
KitW-sh related
Albert EJ; Duplisea J; Dawicki W; Haidl ID; Marshall JS. 2011. Tissue eosinophilia in a mouse model of colitis is highly dependent on TLR2 and independent of mast cells. Am J Pathol 178(1):150-60. [PubMed: 21224053] [MGI Ref ID J:168236]
Allen JD; Jaffer ZM; Park SJ; Burgin S; Hofmann C; Sells MA; Chen S; Derr-Yellin E; Michels EG; McDaniel A; Bessler WK; Ingram DA; Atkinson SJ; Travers JB; Chernoff J; Clapp DW. 2009. P21-activated kinase regulates mast cell degranulation via effects on calcium mobilization and cytoskeletal dynamics. Blood 113(12):2695-705. [PubMed: 19124833] [MGI Ref ID J:145444]
Ando T; Matsumoto K; Namiranian S; Yamashita H; Glatthorn H; Kimura M; Dolan BR; Lee JJ; Galli SJ; Kawakami Y; Jamora C; Kawakami T. 2013. Mast Cells Are Required for Full Expression of Allergen/SEB-Induced Skin Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 133(12):2695-705. [PubMed: 23752044] [MGI Ref ID J:202870]
Ando T; Xiao W; Gao P; Namiranian S; Matsumoto K; Tomimori Y; Hong H; Yamashita H; Kimura M; Kashiwakura J; Hata TR; Izuhara K; Gurish MF; Roers A; Rafaels NM; Barnes KC; Jamora C; Kawakami Y; Kawakami T. 2014. Critical role for mast cell Stat5 activity in skin inflammation. Cell Rep 6(2):366-76. [PubMed: 24412367] [MGI Ref ID J:208823]
Andreu P; Johansson M; Affara NI; Pucci F; Tan T; Junankar S; Korets L; Lam J; Tawfik D; Denardo DG; Naldini L; de Visser KE; De Palma M; Coussens LM. 2010. FcRgamma Activation Regulates Inflammation-Associated Squamous Carcinogenesis. Cancer Cell 17(2):121-134. [PubMed: 20138013] [MGI Ref ID J:157152]
Aoki R; Kawamura T; Goshima F; Ogawa Y; Nakae S; Nakao A; Moriishi K; Nishiyama Y; Shimada S. 2013. Mast Cells Play a Key Role in Host Defense against Herpes Simplex Virus Infection through TNF-alpha and IL-6 Production. J Invest Dermatol 133(9):2170-9. [PubMed: 23528820] [MGI Ref ID J:200049]
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Brown JM; Swindle EJ; Kushnir-Sukhov NM; Holian A; Metcalfe DD. 2007. Silica-directed mast cell activation is enhanced by scavenger receptors. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 36(1):43-52. [PubMed: 16902192] [MGI Ref ID J:130522]
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Cable J; Jackson IJ; Steel KP. 1995. Mutations at the W locus affect survival of neural crest-derived melanocytes in the mouse. Mech Dev 50(2-3):139-50. [PubMed: 7619726] [MGI Ref ID J:24351]
Chacon-Salinas R; Chen L; Chavez-Blanco AD; Limon-Flores AY; Ma Y; Ullrich SE. 2014. An essential role for platelet-activating factor in activating mast cell migration following ultraviolet irradiation. J Leukoc Biol 95(1):139-48. [PubMed: 24009177] [MGI Ref ID J:209542]
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Hampton DD; Hale LP. 2011. Mast cells are critical for protection against peptic ulcers induced by the NSAID piroxicam. PLoS One 6(8):e23669. [PubMed: 21858200] [MGI Ref ID J:176357]
Heib V; Becker M; Warger T; Rechtsteiner G; Tertilt C; Klein M; Bopp T; Taube C; Schild H; Schmitt E; Stassen M. 2007. Mast cells are crucial for early inflammation, migration of Langerhans cells, and CTL responses following topical application of TLR7 ligand in mice. Blood 110(3):946-53. [PubMed: 17446350] [MGI Ref ID J:145396]
Heikkila HM; Trosien J; Metso J; Jauhiainen M; Pentikainen MO; Kovanen PT; Lindstedt KA. 2010. Mast cells promote atherosclerosis by inducing both an atherogenic lipid profile and vascular inflammation. J Cell Biochem 109(3):615-23. [PubMed: 20024959] [MGI Ref ID J:161254]
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Reese TA; Liang HE; Tager AM; Luster AD; Van Rooijen N; Voehringer D; Locksley RM. 2007. Chitin induces accumulation in tissue of innate immune cells associated with allergy. Nature 447(7140):92-6. [PubMed: 17450126] [MGI Ref ID J:122735]
Rork TH; Wallace KL; Kennedy DP; Marshall MA; Lankford AR; Linden J. 2008. Adenosine A2A receptor activation reduces infarct size in the isolated, perfused mouse heart by inhibiting resident cardiac mast cell degranulation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295(5):H1825-33. [PubMed: 18757481] [MGI Ref ID J:142451]
Roy A; Ganesh G; Sippola H; Bolin S; Sawesi O; Dagalv A; Schlenner SM; Feyerabend T; Rodewald HR; Kjellen L; Hellman L; Abrink M. 2014. Mast cell chymase degrades the alarmins heat shock protein 70, biglycan, HMGB1, and interleukin-33 (IL-33) and limits danger-induced inflammation. J Biol Chem 289(1):237-50. [PubMed: 24257755] [MGI Ref ID J:207182]
Rudick CN; Bryce PJ; Guichelaar LA; Berry RE; Klumpp DJ. 2008. Mast cell-derived histamine mediates cystitis pain. PLoS ONE 3(5):e2096. [PubMed: 18461160] [MGI Ref ID J:136218]
Saenz SA; Siracusa MC; Perrigoue JG; Spencer SP; Urban JF Jr; Tocker JE; Budelsky AL; Kleinschek MA; Kastelein RA; Kambayashi T; Bhandoola A; Artis D. 2010. IL25 elicits a multipotent progenitor cell population that promotes T(H)2 cytokine responses. Nature 464(7293):1362-6. [PubMed: 20200520] [MGI Ref ID J:159463]
Sakata-Yanagimoto M; Sakai T; Miyake Y; Saito TI; Maruyama H; Morishita Y; Nakagami-Yamaguchi E; Kumano K; Yagita H; Fukayama M; Ogawa S; Kurokawa M; Yasutomo K; Chiba S. 2011. Notch2 signaling is required for proper mast cell distribution and mucosal immunity in the intestine. Blood 117(1):128-34. [PubMed: 20971948] [MGI Ref ID J:168409]
Saleem SJ; Martin RK; Morales JK; Sturgill JL; Gibb DR; Graham L; Bear HD; Manjili MH; Ryan JJ; Conrad DH. 2012. Cutting edge: mast cells critically augment myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity. J Immunol 189(2):511-5. [PubMed: 22706087] [MGI Ref ID J:189539]
Sandig H; Jobbings CE; Roldan NG; Whittingham-Dowd JK; Orinska Z; Takeuchi O; Akira S; Bulfone-Paus S. 2013. IL-33 causes selective mast cell tolerance to bacterial cell wall products by inducing IRAK1 degradation. Eur J Immunol 43(4):979-88. [PubMed: 23404570] [MGI Ref ID J:195046]
Sasaki H; Kurotaki D; Osato N; Sato H; Sasaki I; Koizumi S; Wang H; Kaneda C; Nishiyama A; Kaisho T; Aburatani H; Morse HC 3rd; Ozato K; Tamura T. 2015. Transcription factor IRF8 plays a critical role in the development of murine basophils and mast cells. Blood 125(2):358-69. [PubMed: 25398936] [MGI Ref ID J:220775]
Seeley EJ; Barry SS; Narala S; Matthay MA; Wolters PJ. 2013. Noradrenergic Neurons Regulate Monocyte Trafficking and Mortality during Gram-Negative Peritonitis in Mice. J Immunol 190(9):4717-24. [PubMed: 23543756] [MGI Ref ID J:195507]
Serra-Pages M; Olivera A; Torres R; Picado C; de Mora F; Rivera J. 2012. E-prostanoid 2 receptors dampen mast cell degranulation via cAMP/PKA-mediated suppression of IgE-dependent signaling. J Leukoc Biol 92(6):1155-65. [PubMed: 22859831] [MGI Ref ID J:191113]
Sharma N; Kumar V; Everingham S; Mali RS; Kapur R; Zeng LF; Zhang ZY; Feng GS; Hartmann K; Roers A; Craig AW. 2012. SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 is a critical regulator of connective tissue mast cell survival and homeostasis in mice. Mol Cell Biol 32(14):2653-63. [PubMed: 22566685] [MGI Ref ID J:186664]
Silvers WK. 1979. The Coat Colors of Mice; A Model for Mammalian Gene Action and Interaction. In: The Coat Colors of Mice. Springer-Verlag, New York. [MGI Ref ID J:78801]
Sinnamon MJ; Carter KJ; Sims LP; Lafleur B; Fingleton B; Matrisian LM. 2008. A protective role of mast cells in intestinal tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 29(4):880-6. [PubMed: 18258601] [MGI Ref ID J:133499]
Smith DD; Tan X; Raveendran VV; Tawfik O; Stechschulte DJ; Dileepan KN. 2012. Mast cell deficiency attenuates progression of atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 302(12):H2612-21. [PubMed: 22505639] [MGI Ref ID J:188087]
Soucek L; Lawlor ER; Soto D; Shchors K; Swigart LB; Evan GI. 2007. Mast cells are required for angiogenesis and macroscopic expansion of Myc-induced pancreatic islet tumors. Nat Med 13(10):1211-8. [PubMed: 17906636] [MGI Ref ID J:130030]
St John AL; Rathore AP; Yap H; Ng ML; Metcalfe DD; Vasudevan SG; Abraham SN. 2011. Immune surveillance by mast cells during dengue infection promotes natural killer (NK) and NKT-cell recruitment and viral clearance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(22):9190-5. [PubMed: 21576486] [MGI Ref ID J:173363]
Stephenson DA; Glenister PH; Hornby JE. 1985. Site of beige (bg) and leaden (ln) pigment gene expression determined by recombinant embryonic skin grafts and aggregation mouse chimaeras employing sash (Wsh) homozygotes. Genet Res 46(2):193-205. [PubMed: 3910518] [MGI Ref ID J:8167]
Sun J; Sukhova GK; Wolters PJ; Yang M; Kitamoto S; Libby P; MacFarlane LA; Mallen-St Clair J; Shi GP. 2007. Mast cells promote atherosclerosis by releasing proinflammatory cytokines. Nat Med 13(6):719-24. [PubMed: 17546038] [MGI Ref ID J:125116]
Sun J; Sukhova GK; Yang M; Wolters PJ; MacFarlane LA; Libby P; Sun C; Zhang Y; Liu J; Ennis TL; Knispel R; Xiong W; Thompson RW; Baxter BT; Shi GP. 2007. Mast cells modulate the pathogenesis of elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice. J Clin Invest 117(11):3359-68. [PubMed: 17932568] [MGI Ref ID J:127400]
Sun J; Zhang J; Lindholt JS; Sukhova GK; Liu J; He A; Abrink M; Pejler G; Stevens RL; Thompson RW; Ennis TL; Gurish MF; Libby P; Shi GP. 2009. Critical role of mast cell chymase in mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Circulation 120(11):973-82. [PubMed: 19720934] [MGI Ref ID J:167502]
Sutherland RE; Olsen JS; McKinstry A; Villalta SA; Wolters PJ. 2008. Mast cell IL-6 improves survival from Klebsiella pneumonia and sepsis by enhancing neutrophil killing. J Immunol 181(8):5598-605. [PubMed: 18832718] [MGI Ref ID J:140758]
Suto H; Nakae S; Kakurai M; Sedgwick JD; Tsai M; Galli SJ. 2006. Mast cell-associated TNF promotes dendritic cell migration. J Immunol 176(7):4102-12. [PubMed: 16547246] [MGI Ref ID J:129877]
Suzukawa M; Morita H; Nambu A; Arae K; Shimura E; Shibui A; Yamaguchi S; Suzukawa K; Nakanishi W; Oboki K; Kajiwara N; Ohno T; Ishii A; Korner H; Cua DJ; Suto H; Yoshimoto T; Iwakura Y; Yamasoba T; Ohta K; Sudo K; Saito H; Okumura K; Broide DH; MatsumotoK; Nakae S. 2012. Epithelial cell-derived IL-25, but not Th17 cell-derived IL-17 or IL-17F, is crucial for murine asthma. J Immunol 189(7):3641-52. [PubMed: 22942422] [MGI Ref ID J:190342]
Taketomi Y; Ueno N; Kojima T; Sato H; Murase R; Yamamoto K; Tanaka S; Sakanaka M; Nakamura M; Nishito Y; Kawana M; Kambe N; Ikeda K; Taguchi R; Nakamizo S; Kabashima K; Gelb MH; Arita M; Yokomizo T; Nakamura M; Watanabe K; Hirai H; Nakamura M; Okayama Y;Ra C; Aritake K; Urade Y; Morimoto K; Sugimoto Y; Shimizu T; Narumiya S; Hara S; Murakami M. 2013. Mast cell maturation is driven via a group III phospholipase A2-prostaglandin D2-DP1 receptor paracrine axis. Nat Immunol 14(6):554-63. [PubMed: 23624557] [MGI Ref ID J:197334]
Tanaka A; Nomura Y; Matsuda A; Ohmori K; Matsuda H. 2011. Mast cells function as an alternative modulator of adipogenesis through 15-deoxy-delta-12, 14-prostaglandin J2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 301(6):C1360-7. [PubMed: 21865589] [MGI Ref ID J:178344]
Thompson AL; Johnson BT; Sempowski GD; Gunn MD; Hou B; Defranco AL; Staats HF. 2012. Maximal Adjuvant Activity of Nasally Delivered IL-1alpha Requires Adjuvant-Responsive CD11c+ Cells and Does Not Correlate with Adjuvant-Induced In Vivo Cytokine Production. J Immunol 188(6):2834-46. [PubMed: 22345651] [MGI Ref ID J:181839]
Tong PL; Roediger B; Kolesnikoff N; Biro M; Tay SS; Jain R; Shaw LE; Grimbaldeston MA; Weninger W. 2015. The skin immune atlas: three-dimensional analysis of cutaneous leukocyte subsets by multiphoton microscopy. J Invest Dermatol 135(1):84-93. [PubMed: 25007044] [MGI Ref ID J:216200]
Tono T; Tsujimura T; Koshimizu U; Kasugai T; Adachi S; Isozaki K; Nishikawa S; Morimoto M; Nishimune Y; Nomura S; Kitamura Y.. 1992. c-kit Gene was not transcribed in cultured mast cells of mast cell-deficient Wsh/Wsh mice that have a normal number of erythrocytes and a normal c-kit coding region. Blood 80(6):1448-53. [PubMed: 1381627] [MGI Ref ID J:2535]
Tsujimura Y; Obata K; Mukai K; Shindou H; Yoshida M; Nishikado H; Kawano Y; Minegishi Y; Shimizu T; Karasuyama H. 2008. Basophils play a pivotal role in immunoglobulin-G-mediated but not immunoglobulin-E-mediated systemic anaphylaxis. Immunity 28(4):581-9. [PubMed: 18342553] [MGI Ref ID J:134463]
Vosskuhl K; Greten TF; Manns MP; Korangy F; Wedemeyer J. 2010. Lipopolysaccharide-mediated mast cell activation induces IFN-gamma secretion by NK cells. J Immunol 185(1):119-25. [PubMed: 20511546] [MGI Ref ID J:161439]
Wada T; Ishiwata K; Koseki H; Ishikura T; Ugajin T; Ohnuma N; Obata K; Ishikawa R; Yoshikawa S; Mukai K; Kawano Y; Minegishi Y; Yokozeki H; Watanabe N; Karasuyama H. 2010. Selective ablation of basophils in mice reveals their nonredundant role in acquired immunity against ticks. J Clin Invest 120(8):2867-75. [PubMed: 20664169] [MGI Ref ID J:163761]
Wang Z; Lai Y; Bernard JJ; Macleod DT; Cogen AL; Moss B; Di Nardo A. 2012. Skin mast cells protect mice against vaccinia virus by triggering mast cell receptor S1PR2 and releasing antimicrobial peptides. J Immunol 188(1):345-57. [PubMed: 22140255] [MGI Ref ID J:180895]
Wang Z; MacLeod DT; Di Nardo A. 2012. Commensal bacteria lipoteichoic acid increases skin mast cell antimicrobial activity against vaccinia viruses. J Immunol 189(4):1551-8. [PubMed: 22772452] [MGI Ref ID J:189762]
Weigand LA; Myers AC; Meeker S; Undem BJ. 2009. Mast cell-cholinergic nerve interaction in mouse airways. J Physiol 587(Pt 13):3355-62. [PubMed: 19403609] [MGI Ref ID J:176797]
Wolters PJ; Mallen-St Clair J; Lewis CC; Villalta SA; Baluk P; Erle DJ; Caughey GH. 2005. Tissue-selective mast cell reconstitution and differential lung gene expression in mast cell-deficient Kit(W-sh)/Kit(W-sh) sash mice. Clin Exp Allergy 35(1):82-8. [PubMed: 15649271] [MGI Ref ID J:109813]
Wu Z; Macneil AJ; Junkins R; Li B; Berman JN; Lin TJ. 2013. Mast Cell Fc{varepsilon}RI-Induced Early Growth Response 2 Regulates CC Chemokine Ligand 1-Dependent CD4+ T Cell Migration. J Immunol 190(9):4500-7. [PubMed: 23536637] [MGI Ref ID J:195512]
Xu D; Jiang HR; Li Y; Pushparaj PN; Kurowska-Stolarska M; Leung BP; Mu R; Tay HK; McKenzie AN; McInnes IB; Melendez AJ; Liew FY. 2010. IL-33 exacerbates autoantibody-induced arthritis. J Immunol 184(5):2620-6. [PubMed: 20139274] [MGI Ref ID J:159640]
Xu X; Zhang D; Zhang H; Wolters PJ; Killeen NP; Sullivan BM; Locksley RM; Lowell CA; Caughey GH. 2006. Neutrophil histamine contributes to inflammation in mycoplasma pneumonia. J Exp Med 203(13):2907-17. [PubMed: 17158962] [MGI Ref ID J:124596]
Yamagishi H; Mochizuki Y; Hamakubo T; Obata K; Ugajin T; Sato S; Kawano Y; Minegishi Y; Karasuyama H. 2011. Basophil-derived mouse mast cell protease 11 induces microvascular leakage and tissue edema in a mast cell-independent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 415(4):709-13. [PubMed: 22086176] [MGI Ref ID J:178610]
Yamasaki S; Takase-Utsugi M; Ishikawa E; Sakuma M; Nishida K; Saito T; Kanagawa O. 2008. Selective impairment of FcepsilonRI-mediated allergic reaction in Gads-deficient mice. Int Immunol 20(10):1289-97. [PubMed: 18664516] [MGI Ref ID J:140219]
Yang W; Rudick CN; Hoxha E; Allsop SA; Dimitrakoff JD; Klumpp DJ. 2012. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is associated with pelvic pain of neurogenic cystitis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 303(3):F350-6. [PubMed: 22647634] [MGI Ref ID J:188438]
Yu M; Eckart MR; Morgan AA; Mukai K; Butte AJ; Tsai M; Galli SJ. 2011. Identification of an IFN-gamma/mast cell axis in a mouse model of chronic asthma. J Clin Invest 121(8):3133-43. [PubMed: 21737883] [MGI Ref ID J:176170]
Yu M; Tsai M; Tam SY; Jones C; Zehnder J; Galli SJ. 2006. Mast cells can promote the development of multiple features of chronic asthma in mice. J Clin Invest 116(6):1633-41. [PubMed: 16710480] [MGI Ref ID J:110366]
Zabel BA; Nakae S; Zuniga L; Kim JY; Ohyama T; Alt C; Pan J; Suto H; Soler D; Allen SJ; Handel TM; Song CH; Galli SJ; Butcher EC. 2008. Mast cell-expressed orphan receptor CCRL2 binds chemerin and is required for optimal induction of IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. J Exp Med 205(10):2207-20. [PubMed: 18794339] [MGI Ref ID J:140110]
Zaiss DM; van Loosdregt J; Gorlani A; Bekker CP; Grone A; Sibilia M; van Bergen En Henegouwen PM; Roovers RC; Coffer PJ; Sijts AJ. 2013. Amphiregulin Enhances Regulatory T Cell-Suppressive Function via the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Immunity 38(2):275-84. [PubMed: 23333074] [MGI Ref ID J:193394]
Zhang J; Chen H; Liu L; Sun J; Shi MA; Sukhova GK; Shi GP. 2012. Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 mediates mast cell migration to abdominal aortic aneurysm lesions in mice. Cardiovasc Res 96(3):543-51. [PubMed: 22871590] [MGI Ref ID J:210082]
Zhang J; Sun J; Lindholt JS; Sukhova GK; Sinnamon M; Stevens RL; Adachi R; Libby P; Thompson RW; Shi GP. 2011. Mast cell tryptase deficiency attenuates mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Circ Res 108(11):1316-27. [PubMed: 21493897] [MGI Ref ID J:185697]
Zhang L; Oh SY; Wu X; Oh MH; Wu F; Schroeder JT; Takemoto CM; Zheng T; Zhu Z. 2010. SHP-1 deficient mast cells are hyperresponsive to stimulation and critical in initiating allergic inflammation in the lung. J Immunol 184(3):1180-90. [PubMed: 20042576] [MGI Ref ID J:159529]
Zhang W; Chancey AL; Tzeng HP; Zhou Z; Lavine KJ; Gao F; Sivasubramanian N; Barger PM; Mann DL. 2011. The development of myocardial fibrosis in transgenic mice with targeted overexpression of tumor necrosis factor requires mast cell-fibroblast interactions. Circulation 124(19):2106-16. [PubMed: 22025605] [MGI Ref ID J:189449]
Zhou JS; Xing W; Friend DS; Austen KF; Katz HR. 2007. Mast cell deficiency in Kit(W-sh) mice does not impair antibody-mediated arthritis. J Exp Med 204(12):2797-802. [PubMed: 17998392] [MGI Ref ID J:128512]
Zhou L; Oh SY; Zhou Y; Yuan B; Wu F; Oh MH; Wang Y; Takemoto C; Van Rooijen N; Zheng T; Zhu Z. 2013. SHP-1 regulation of mast cell function in allergic inflammation and anaphylaxis. PLoS One 8(2):e55763. [PubMed: 23390550] [MGI Ref ID J:197214]
de Vries MR; Wezel A; Schepers A; van Santbrink PJ; Woodruff TM; Niessen HW; Hamming JF; Kuiper J; Bot I; Quax PH. 2013. Complement factor C5a as mast cell activator mediates vascular remodelling in vein graft disease. Cardiovasc Res 97(2):311-20. [PubMed: 23071133] [MGI Ref ID J:210290]
de Vries VC; Pino-Lagos K; Nowak EC; Bennett KA; Oliva C; Noelle RJ. 2011. Mast cells condition dendritic cells to mediate allograft tolerance. Immunity 35(4):550-61. [PubMed: 22035846] [MGI Ref ID J:177851]
Animal Health ReportsRoom Number FGB27
Colony Maintenance
Breeding & Husbandry When maintaining the live colony, heterozygous or homozygous mice may be bred together. Genotyping may be performed by coat color: homozygous mice have white coat, black eyes, and some pigment around the ears. Heterozygotes are black with a white sash at the midline. Mating System Homozygote x Homozygote (Female x Male) 09-JUN-14 Diet Information LabDiet® 5K52/5K67
|Pricing for USA, Canada and Mexico shipping destinations
Price per mouse (US dollars $) Gender Genotypes Provided Individual Mouse $199.90 Female or Male Homozygous for KitW-sh
Price per Pair (US dollars $) Pair Genotype $399.80 Homozygous for KitW-sh x Homozygous for KitW-sh
Standard Supply
Repository-Live represents an exclusive set of over 1800 unique mouse models across a vast array of research areas. Breeding colonies provide mice for large and small orders and fluctuate in size depending on current research demand. If a strain is not immediately available, you will receive an estimated availability timeframe for your inquiry or order in 2-3 business days. Repository strains typically are delivered at 4 to 8 weeks of age. Requests for specific ages will be noted but not guaranteed and we do not accept age requests for breeder pairs. However, if cohorts of mice (5 or more of one gender) are needed at a specific age range for experiments, we will do our best to accommodate your age request.
|Pricing for International shipping destinations
Price per mouse (US dollars $) Gender Genotypes Provided Individual Mouse $259.90 Female or Male Homozygous for KitW-sh
Price per Pair (US dollars $) Pair Genotype $519.80 Homozygous for KitW-sh x Homozygous for KitW-sh
Standard Supply
Repository-Live represents an exclusive set of over 1800 unique mouse models across a vast array of research areas. Breeding colonies provide mice for large and small orders and fluctuate in size depending on current research demand. If a strain is not immediately available, you will receive an estimated availability timeframe for your inquiry or order in 2-3 business days. Repository strains typically are delivered at 4 to 8 weeks of age. Requests for specific ages will be noted but not guaranteed and we do not accept age requests for breeder pairs. However, if cohorts of mice (5 or more of one gender) are needed at a specific age range for experiments, we will do our best to accommodate your age request.
Repository-Live represents an exclusive set of over 1800 unique mouse models across a vast array of research areas. Breeding colonies provide mice for large and small orders and fluctuate in size depending on current research demand. If a strain is not immediately available, you will receive an estimated availability timeframe for your inquiry or order in 2-3 business days. Repository strains typically are delivered at 4 to 8 weeks of age. Requests for specific ages will be noted but not guaranteed and we do not accept age requests for breeder pairs. However, if cohorts of mice (5 or more of one gender) are needed at a specific age range for experiments, we will do our best to accommodate your age request.
|Considerations for Choosing Controls
|Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.
For Licensing and Use Restrictions view the link(s) below:
- Use of MICE by companies or for-profit entities requires a license prior to shipping.
In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of mice, products or services, JACKSON will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the mice or product received or the services provided.
In no event shall JACKSON, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, PRODUCTS or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of JACKSON, its agents or employees. Unless prohibited by law, in purchasing or receiving MICE, PRODUCTS or services from JACKSON, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges JACKSON from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify JACKSON from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.
MICE and PRODUCTS are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.
The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON's MICE, PRODUCTS or services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS or services may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and services by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.
Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or services by JACKSON.


text:
Press release from Marketwire
Trilogy Energy Corp. Announces March Dividend
Thursday, March 15, 2012
Trilogy Energy Corp. Announces March Dividend09:00 EDT Thursday, March 15, 2012CALGARY, ALBERTA--(Marketwire - March 15, 2012) - Trilogy Energy Corp. ("Trilogy") (TSX:TET) announces that its cash dividend for March 2012 will be $0.035 per share. The dividend is payable on April 16, 2012 to shareholders of record on April 2, 2012. The ex-dividend date is March 29, 2012.About TrilogyTrilogy is a growing petroleum and natural gas-focused Canadian energy corporation that actively develops, produces and sells natural gas, crude oil and natural gas liquids. Trilogy's geographically concentrated assets are primarily low-risk, high working interest properties that provide abundant infill drilling opportunities and good access to infrastructure and processing facilities, many of which are operated and controlled by Trilogy. Trilogy's common shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol "TET".FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT: J.H.T. (Jim) RiddellTrilogy Energy Corp.Chief Executive OfficerORJ.B. (John) WilliamsTrilogy Energy Corp.President and Chief Operating OfficerORM.G. (Mike) KohutTrilogy Energy Corp.Chief Financial OfficerOR#1400, 332 - 6th Avenue S.W.Trilogy Energy Corp.Calgary, Alberta T2P 0B2(403) 290-2900(403) 263-8915 (FAX)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Business News from the San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce
In this weeks issue...
Upcoming Events
Note from the President
Chamber Newsroom
Business Action Online
Chamber Home Page
Chamber Advocate
Congratulations to Chula Vista's Park View Little League for winning the Little League World Series. You make our entire region proud!
It's normal to feel uneasy networking and meeting strangers, but the long-term benefits make the initial discomfort worthwhile. Connecting with the right people can mean the difference between securing referrals and strategic
partnerships or continuing to struggle at finding business. Our most successful networkers tell us that the more you make yourself do it, the easier it gets. Remember, meeting people is the only way to get better at meeting people.
Get started today at a Chamber event:
Don't miss the
September 16 Mixer presented by
Qualcomm and sponsored by
ESET at
Fiesta de Reyes Plaza in Old Town.
For Circles of Influence members only – make your reservation now for the
Circles Reception sponsored by
Premier Food Services,
Carriage Trade Catering and
UCSD at the
UCSD Faculty Club. The Circles VIP Reception is proudly presented by
Fashion Valley Mall / Simon Gift Cards and our corporate sponsors are
Prime Business Systems / AVAYA.
Last chance for
Live Nation's Chamber Night featuring The Dave Matthews Band.
Click here for details. Join fellow Chamber members at PETCO Park to see the
San Diego Padres take on the Colorado Rockies.
Click here to take advantage and use the promo code SDRCC.
Got reliable, cost-effective shipping? Chamber members save up to 26% on select FedEx® shipping services. There are no costs and no minimum shipping requirements.
Click here
for more information.
Check out the
Chamber Advocate for an update on what your Chamber is doing to promote a vibrant, positive business climate.
Have a great week!
Bill Holman
Vice President, External Affairs
San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce
Buzz - Tuesday, September 1
This lively quarterly event will include a continental breakfast, networking activities, tabletop display opportunities, and a door prize drawing.
Circles of Influence Reception - Thursday, September 10
The Circles of Influence Reception will be sponsored by
Carriage Trade Catering,
Premier Food Services and UCSD and held at the UCSD Faculty Club. Don't miss out this opportunity to mix and mingle at this exclusive event with other Chamber Circles of Influence members. Event is only open to members at the Bronze
level or higher.
Business After Five Mixer -
, September 16
The September mixer will be hosted by Casa de Reyes in the newly reopened Fiesta de Reyes plaza within Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. Come check it out! Plus, mix and mingle with at least 250 Chamber members while enjoying
drinks and hors d'oeuvres.
One Region, One Voice, Mission to
Washington DC - September 20-23
Join us as we strive for the betterment of our region on this very important visit to our Nation's Capitol. The One Region One Voice Washington D.C. Delegation is a rare opportunity for San Diego's business leaders to
personally engage federal officials on issues of importance to our region.
Business Exchange- September 21
In this fast-paced set-up each company will have a table to display information and have two representatives. Each rep will be able to meet half the businesses in attendance, meaning your company will make 75 – 100 contacts
in less than two hours.
Has Your Web Mail Account Been Hacked?
Recently Microsoft reported an increase in the number of hijacked Hotmail accounts. In these cases the attackers are not changing the passwords to take control of the accounts, they are simply using the accounts to send spam. The user
doesn't generally know that someone else is using their account as well.
Read more..
Community Calendar
Business Alliance Groups


text:
Keeping King's memory alive
With singing, dancing, prize giveaways, prayer and speeches, Sanford's upcoming two-day Martin Luther King, Jr. Day celebration bring together a diverse crowd and offer an assortment of activities.
The commemoration begins Sunday with a wreath-placing ceremony at the MLK Memorial Park on South Horner Boulevard, near the intersection with Washington Avenue. Starting at 1 p.m., Pastor Delores Washington of the Ebenezer Gospel Assembly will speak, followed by a song and the wreath ceremony itself, which will be conducted by local officials.
On Monday, the 16th annual MLK Day Community Celebration will take place all day at the Dennis A. Wicker Civic Center, starting at 9:30 a.m. and going well into the afternoon. The festivities are being sponsored by the Council for Effective Actions and Decisions, and the council's president, Margaret Murchison, said there will be something for everyone.
"It's like a big family reunion," she said. "Black, white, Hispanic, we're all there."
Early activities are youth competitions for miming, praise dance and choir, which will last approximately three hours. Then at 12:30 p.m., the main speaker, former N.C. Senator Eric Mansfield, will take the floor.
Mansfield, a former Army medical officer who works as a Fayetteville physician and youth minister, won election to the N.C. Senate in 2010 but left after just one term to run for lieutenant governor, losing in the Democratic primary to Linda Coleman. He's now campaigning to become chairman of the N.C. Democratic Party.
The event will also feature booths set up around the civic center from small and large businesses and services, plus entertainment from the local Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Youth Choir. Both days' events will be free and open to the public, and all vendors and youth group competitors must sign up in advance.
Youth groups hoping to compete must contact William Terry Wicker at (919) 774-4860. Prospective vendors should contact Murchison at (919) 775-3525 or (919) 258-3277, or the law office of Wilson & Reives at (919) 775-5653, to reserve either a $25 spot or a $50 spot. Deadline is Thursday.
Monday's event will also feature birthday cake, cash card giveaways, community awards and a special focus on Volunteer Lee, a group that connects potential volunteers with schools, churches, non profits and other groups. Murchison noted this year's celebration will carry more significance than normal because Monday coincides with President Barack Obama's inauguration, and this month marks the 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation.
She said volunteerism has always been a focus of MLK Day celebrations, and since Obama is asking citizens to spend Saturday doing volunteer work, that theme is especially relevant this year.
"We always want a day off, but if you can do something to help someone else on your day off, that's what this is all about," Murchison said, adding that volunteering can mean checking in on local senior citizens, working at a food pantry or any number of other activities.
"Our country is really based on the concept of helping others, and we want to keep that up," she said.


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Nullifire remains one of a limited few comapnies, with it's own fire-testing facility on-site, and is thus able to facilitate batch testing to ensure consistency and quality of product, and to invite customers to witness product testing.


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Tuscarawas News Detail
Borowitz Lecture Studies Media Coverage of Famous Lindbergh Kidnapping CasePosted Mar. 10, 2014
The Kent State University Libraries is marking the 25th anniversary of the Borowitz Crime Collection through a major exhibition and other events held during the 2013-2014 academic year.
Established at Kent State in 1989 by Albert Borowitz and Helen Osterman Borowitz of Cleveland, the collection includes both primary and secondary sources on crime, as well as works of literature based on true crime incidents.
The Kent State University Libraries has held a regular lecture event in connection with the Borowitz Collection. The 25th anniversary Borowitz Lecture will feature Thomas Doherty, Ph.D., a cultural historian with a special interest in Hollywood cinema, professor of American studies, and chair of the American Studies program at Brandeis University.
The lecture is free and open to the public and will be held on Thursday, April 17, at 4 p.m. in the Read Special Collections Classroom (Room 1018) at the university library on the Kent Campus.
Doherty's lecture, "Little Lindy Is Kidnapped: The Media Coverage of the Crime of the 20th Century," will explore the media coverage of the Lindbergh case and its legacy in American culture. The kidnap-murder of the Lindbergh baby in 1932 and the trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann in 1935 was arguably the most widely publicized and influential criminal case of the 20th century. Of course, the innate sensationalism of the Lindbergh case — the murder of the child of the most famous and beloved couple in America —guaranteed the transfixed attention of the nation. And the blueprint for modern-day media sensationalism was laid: syndicated newspapers, radio and the newsreels.
For more information, contact Cara Gilgenbach, head of the University Libraries' Special Collections and Archives, at firstname.lastname@example.com or 330-672-1677, or visit www.library.kent.edu/specialcollections.


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ORLANDO, Fla. — Wal-Mart Stores Inc. is hoping for a groundswell "made-in-America" movement.
The world's largest retailer hosted its first two-day summit Thursday bringing together retailers, suppliers and government officials that it hopes will build on the company's recent commitment to drive more manufacturing in the U.S.
The event, which attracted representatives from 500 manufacturers, eight governors — including South Carolina's Nikki Haley — U.S. Commerce Secretary Penny Pritzker, comes seven months after the discounter pledged that it planned to buy $50 billion more U.S.-made goods over the next decade. That's the equivalent of just more than 10 percent of what Wal-Mart will sell at retail this year.
But Wal-Mart has said that if other merchants do the same, that would mean an additional $500 billion in American-made goods over the next decade.
The lineup for Thursday was impressive, and the campaign could serve to boost Wal-Mart's image, constantly under attack by labor-backed groups who have criticized the retail behemoth as a destroyer of U.S. jobs, not a creator.
CEO Mike Duke and other Wal-Mart executives joined other business leaders including Kevin Toomey, head of Kayser-Roth Corp., and Jeff Immelt, CEO of General Electric.
Haley touted South Carolina as a pro-business state where manufacturers can get help training workers. She also stressed the lack of unions.
Immelt got into the spirit by announcing that GE will invest $30 million to bring 150 manufacturing jobs to plants in Illinois and Ohio where high-efficient lighting will be built.
"We wanted to be a part of this," Immelt said. "This is a first step."
The announcement by GE was in keeping with the goal of the summit, which is to start "connecting the dots" with a dialogue among manufacturers, retailers and state officials about where opportunities are to bring more manufacturing to the United States, said Bill Simon, chief of Wal-Mart's U.S. division.
"It could be difficult for one at a time, all of us on our own," Simon said. "The best way to overcome the challenges is to talk to one another."
Rising wages have erased some of the competitive advantages China had in manufacturing, he said.
"We think we can map out opportunities and put some systems in place and commit to this for the long term," Simon said. "There's nothing less than the future of our country at stake here."
In a recent interview, Wal-Mart's Michelle Gloeckler said Wal-Mart can make a difference.
"But this is bigger than Wal-Mart. We want the support of other retailers," said Gloeckler, senior vice president of the home area, who leading the domestic sourcing initiative.
To be sure, even if Wal-Mart is successful in getting key retailers and suppliers on board, experts say it won't rejuvenate the U.S. manufacturing industry. But the movement could help stem the tide of jobs flowing to China and elsewhere that has been occurring in the last two decades.
Some experts are skeptical, pointing out that Wal-Mart led the migration of manufacturing jobs overseas in search of the cheapest labor, veering away from the principles of its late founder Sam Walton, who espoused buying American-made goods.
"It's a very positive PR move for the company," said Burt Flickinger III, president of retail consultancy Strategic Resource Group. "But it took two decades to unwind the American manufacturing base, and it will take two decades to bring it back." He says what will be brought back will only be a fraction of business sent overseas.
This is not the first time that Wal-Mart has pledged a made-in America campaign.
It pushed a similar program in the mid-1990s that fizzled because it couldn't get enough low-priced goods to sell to its low-income shoppers. But executives vow its efforts this time around go well beyond a marketing campaign and involve dissecting each of its 1,300 product categories, from bath towels to gadgets, to determine which can be made here.
It's also reaching out to state and local officials to work with suppliers to explore rebates, training and other programs to attract U.S. makers. The discounter also says it's changing the way it does business with suppliers, giving multi-year commitments for basic goods where it makes sense, instead of season-by-season ordering.
Meanwhile, Wal-Mart and other major retailers have been under fire for not doing a better job monitoring worker safety in factories overseas. That pressure increased after a factory collapse this past spring in Bangladesh, killing 1,129 people. That was the deadliest incident in the history of the garment industry.
But what could really propel the movement this time around is pure economics: Labor costs are rising in Asia, while oil and transportation costs are high and increasingly uncertain.
Wal-Mart said several manufacturers had told executives privately they had defined "tipping points" at which making goods overseas will no longer make sense. Wal-Mart says it doesn't believe that its customers should pay any more for made-in-America goods and is focusing on working with suppliers to make sure the prices are in line with what shoppers want to pay.
"It's an economic advantage when you have the wind in your back, instead of having the wind in your face," said Hal Sirkin, a senior partner and managing director at the Boston Consulting Group and an expert on manufacturing. He is serving as a consultant to Wal-Mart. He believes that the movement could create 100,000 more jobs in the next decade.
Wal-Mart, with more than 4,000 stores in the U.S. and about $460 billion in total sales, has proven that it has the clout to get other suppliers and merchants on board. For example, in 2009, Wal-Mart created a coalition among stores, suppliers, government, nonprofit organizations and academic experts for a sustainability index that measure whether goods were made in a responsible way and whether the materials are safe.
Wal-Mart has said that items made, sourced or grown in the U.S. account for about two-thirds of the company's spending on products for its U.S. business, according to data given by suppliers. But analysts say that much of its clothing, home furnishings and consumer electronics are made elsewhere.
One company to sign up is Sleep Studio, which is now working with Wal-Mart to produce memory foam mattress toppers. Before, all of the discounter's toppers were produced by manufacturers overseas. This year, 20 percent will be made in the U.S.
CEO Michael Rothbard said Wal-Mart worked with the company to streamline the costs, eliminating $10 from the price tag. The company has factories in California and Georgia.
"The selling process was really intense," Rothbard said. "We had to convince them our products offered unique benefits, and that we could meet their needs."
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The latest multimedia attraction to hit Walt Disney World is not really new; it debuted at Disneyland in California five years ago. Despite its technology, science themes and artistic splendor, it may leave seasoned theme-park lovers not completely buying into the experience.
Soarin' takes 87 guests for a five-minute "hang glide" over major California landmarks, lifting and plunging them into half of a massive dome where they watch an Imax film that offers a three-dimensional feel using sensory magic.
Composer Jerry Goldsmith adds an orchestral score to the final panoramic journey, which, rather than telling a story in the grandest Disney sense, is more like a series of visuals that says, "Hey, folks, look what we can do."
Although the film is displayed through an Imax projection system using high-speed, high-definition Omni-max film projectors, it still looked grainy to me, and I swear I saw a hair floating across the screen. Disney really needs to take advantage of digital video technology to make this adventure sparkle.
Additionally, the footage could have been longer and more spectacular if it hadn't been confined to California. How about a fly-by of Mount Rushmore, a Death Star-like run through the Grand Canyon or a visit with the Statue of Liberty?
Also, unless precisely positioned near the middle of the ride, visitors may have a hard time suspending disbelief because they will be able to see the sides of the screen.


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It's probably because she is bugged. And not just bugged, REALLY bugged.
Two groups have now gone in and tried to defeat her. Each time the first attempt was a failure as people relearned not to stand too close to each other (Forsythe run to the center!), run to the side when the rains fire down (<-- 2N, 2N - 1 -->), and all those other small tidbits that make the fight what it is. However when it reached the second attempt, she started acting strange. First, she wouldn't target anyone or let anyone tank her – she just walked around her lair and jerked around a bit. We could still damage her, but that was it. And really it was only the ranged and my crossbow that were able to do any damage (more dots!).
Once phase two hit, she flew up and then immediately started to breathe fire onto the raid. This behavior in particular really was quite odd, since the fire breath isn't supposed to happen right away, and you're supposed to get a warring before she does it – so you can run to the sides and away from her. Nothin' doin'. She just started this automatically. Really quite odd, and frankly annoying.
Now Ony is a "boss" level mob, so that means that she's going to attempt to crush me. I never really noticed if she did, since Shield Block is part of my ingrained rotation. But beyond that, all of her attacks are susposed to be level 60-ish, which they were. That combined with my 21.5k buffed health meant it was all pretty easy on the healers.
One time when we attempted her she decided to walk around the welps cave (Welp! More Welps! Right Side!). She stood there looking at us while we dot'ed her up and ranged her down until phase 2, but again, same result as above – insta death from the flame breath.
We ended up never getting her (50 dkp minus). Archimode? Not an issue for us. But Ony? Watch out! Any other stories of pre-bc boss fights gone insane?
And since I've been alluding to it my whole article, here is the NSFW Onyxia wipe animation.
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Current concentrations of the minor components in Earth's atmosphere.
Bloom (2010) Global Climate Change: Convergence of Disciplines. Sinauer Associates.
Featured Article
Rising CO2 Levels: Earth's Changing Atmosphere
An important impact of climate change is a rise in the level of carbon dioxide and a decline in oxygen levels. Atmospheric concentration of CO2 has risen from about an average... More »


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Honey can help to cure disease. Some diseases can be cured like, stomacache peptic ulcer, hepatitis, thypoid, dysentri, fever, liver, kidney disease, insomnia, anemia and sprue.
Honey increases the amount of urine and exerts a decided antiseptic effect. Patients with kidney failure treated with honey quickly improve; the urine clears and loses its putrid odour. According to Dr. Bodog F. Beck, MD in Honey and Your Health, "A man suffered from tuberculosis of the kidney and was given up by two doctors 15 years ago. He got to eating honey and plenty of it and he is today as peppy as youngster".
Persistent inadequate sleep could cause hypertension, which is major risk factor for renal problems. But honey promotes sound sleep on account of its amino acid, trytophan that increases the level of neurotransmitter serotonin, a sort of sedative in the brain. Honey is the best sleep tonic and it can be diluted in warm water to promote sound and restorative sleep. According to researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, "honey induces serotonin, a chemical that clams down brain activity, and sets the stage for better relaxation and sleep".
Impaired blood circulation could cause kidney dysfunction, but regular use of honey promotes effective blood flow by causing increased production of nitric oxide, which expands the veins, thus facilitating effective supply of blood, nutrients and oxygen to the body organs.
Bacteria could undermine the functions of kidneys, but a diet rich in honey will forestall this situation, because honey has proved potent against all the strains of bacteria. According to Rose Cooper, a microbiologist at the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, "honey kills bacteria including staphylococcus and enterococcus that can withstand 'last resort' antibiotics three times more effectively". In fact, honey's natural antibacterial properties inhibit the growth of over 60 species of bacteria.


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CHESTERFIELD COUNTY, Va. — Police say that the father of Zulma Pabon's four-year-old son is not cooperating with their investigation into her disappearance and say that's his constitutional right.
But a woman who knew both Pabon and Dr. John Gibbs II, says Zulma confided in her two weeks prior her disappearance, that she didn't feel comfortable at their house.
Pabon's close friend and former colleague Cassie Crenshaw is coping with the latest developments in her disappearance case, but she says Zulma told her that her relationship was on the rocks.
"I saw her two weeks prior to disappearing and she said she was getting her own apartment in July and that she was sleeping on the couch with her son," said Crenshaw. "She said she was breaking things off and didn't feel comfortable at the house."
Her sister is also trying to cope with the painful mystery. "She was always such a strong person, my best friend, my rock," said Yalitza Soba, tearfully trying to explain a bond that can't be broken. "It's heartbreaking."
The timeline of events as CBS-6 knows them:
- Pabon last texts a friend-shortly after 9:30 p.m. Friday, June 6th, canceling plans to hang out.
- At 6:25 Saturday morning, June 7th, Pabon's car is seen leaving her Terrace Arbor Circle home.
- 14 minutes later at 6:39 a.m, police say Gibbs is on surveillance video walking towards their home.
- About 12 hours later, an unidentified truck and trailer picks up what police believe is Pabon's car.
- Fast forward 24 hours, there's a picture of Pabon's car parked in the GreenleIgh Trailer Park, some 16 miles away.
How important is it to know who was driving that unidentified trailer?
"When police identify who drove that truck away, they're going to solve this case," said crime expert Steve Neal. "That person will have critical evidence."
"They certainly suspect Gibbs was involved in the case," Neal added. "I also gather from what police have done, that unfortunately, this is more than likely a homicide case, and not a missing person's case."
Police have not named a suspect or person of interest in Pabon's case.
Several neighbors confirmed Monday night that Chesterfield Police towed away a green minivan from Pabon's several days ago.
Below is a timeline of events surrounding this case. For all background stories and updates, click here: http://wtvr.com/tag/zulma-pabon/


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A big fall
India has slipped 10 places to the 88th spot, way below neighbouring China, in the World Prosperity Index due to poor healthcare and education systems coupled with weak entrepreneurial infrastructure.
Last year, India stood at 78th position.
London-based Legatum Institute compiled the index.
Image: A Bihari woman displays the ink mark on her finger and her identity card after casting her vote in the state assembly elections.
Text: PTI
AP Images