text:
This process accepts rule domination declarations and subjects rules to a computer program which either finds a type of administrative error (cyclic domination) or assigns a priority number to each rule so that any two rules which intersect (some key fits both rules) have necessarily different priority numbers. In the case that priority numbers are assigned, the process goes on to check for a second type of administrative error, namely inclusion of a first rule in a second (every key which fits the first rule also fits the second), and with the second having higher priority (so that the first is never referenced). If neither error occurs, then the number of different priority numbers is minimized. Every key when tested by such a rule set with neither error must fit either no rules at all or must fit exactly one rule with highest priority. In the latter case, the action of the unambiguously determined rule can then be applied to the packet represented by the key.
1. A method for managing traffic flow within a communications network comprising the steps of:
providing, in a computer, a first database of rules;
executing a first computer program that sorts the database and identify pairs of rules fitting at least one pre-determined criterion;
identifying the dominant rule in each pairs of rule;
generating a second database including pairs meeting the predetermined criterion and indicating which one of the two in each pair dominates;
executing a second algorithm that analyzes the second database and assigns priority numbers to the rules in said second database.
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17. A method comprising the machine implemented steps of:
entering a new rule in the machine;
using a program executed on said machine to explicitly query a network administration to enter a domination declaration for every pre-existing rule intersecting, i. E. identical, the new rule;
using a program to build a table including pairs of rules that intersect and the domination declaration;
using the program to analyze rules in the table;
generating priority numbers for said rules; and
displaying information representing the rules and respective priority numbers.
18. A sorting method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing, in a computer, a database of intersecting rules and indicia indicating dominant rules;
(b) executing a program on said computer, said program parsing the database and generating priority numbers for the rules;
(c) using a filter rule mechanism identifying multiple rules fitting a pre-determined criteria; and
(d) correlating the multiple rules and the priority numbers to select the rule with the highest priority.
19. The method of
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22. A machine for use in a communications network comprising:
a system bus;
a CPU operatively coupled to the system bus;
a memory operatively coupled to the system bus, said memory storing a first database of intersecting rules and indicia indicating dominant rules; and
a program loaded on said CPU and when executed, parses the database and generates priority numbers for said rules.
23. The machine of
a memory in which a database of rules are stored;
a filtering system including an algorithm that correlates information in a frame with the database and identifies a plurality of rules that fit the information; and
circuits that correlate priority information with the rules and select the one having the highest priority.
24. A network device including:
a memory in which a database of rules are stored;
a filtering system including an algorithm that correlates information in a frame with the database and identifies a plurality of rules that fit the information; and
circuits that correlate priority information with the rules and select the one having the highest priority.
Patent Application Ser. No. 09/312,148, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,298,340 filed May 14, 1999, by Jeffries et al, entitled "System and Method and Computer Program for Filtering Using Tree Structure", discloses a filtering method that determines if the key in an IP packet matches a rule in a database.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to traffic management in a communications network and, in particular, to filtering of traffic in said network. Specifically, it describes a method for assignment of priority numbers to rules. Priority numbers are essential both in organizing rule searches and in detecting administrative errors.
2. Prior Art
The use of filter systems to manage the flow of traffic in a communications network is well known in the prior art. The filter systems include filter rules that are used to test information in a packet.
In some prior art, ways of testing the filter rules are listed sequentially and information from the packet is presented to the first rule in the list. If the packet information passes the requirements of the rule, the action of the rule is applied to the packet. Otherwise, the packet information is then tested against the next rule, and so on. The sequential method of testing rules is straightforward and simple, but slow.
Another prior art method uses decision trees or parallel calculations to test information in the packet against the rules. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,546,390 describes a tree structure in which two or more bits from the header of a packet are tested at each node of the tree. Prior art described in that patent discloses techniques consisting of testing individual bits or contiguous blocks of bits (for example, 32 contiguous bits constituting a destination address).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,910 also teaches filtering by use of a binary tree search method in which tree nodes use masks and ranges to make decisions.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,761,424 teaches in general terms the use of programmable criteria to accomplish high-speed filtering through bit tests and compares.
Still other filtering techniques are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,530,703; 5,761,424; 5,848,233 and 5,822,527.
It would not be uncommon to find that information, termed the "key", in the packet could fit several rules within a database of rules. This condition is termed "Rules Intersection" (described hereinafter). Whenever this condition occurs, the system would break down unless a mechanism and method are provided to address this condition. To the best of our knowledge, the prior art does not include the systematic resolution of this problem as disclosed herein. That is, there is a need to provide a mechanism and method that addresses the condition of a packet matching multiple rules. It is this problem the present invention addresses. In addition, the present invention addresses two types of administrative errors, termed "cyclic domination" and "inclusion of one rule in another," resulting in some rules not being referenced. Suffice it to say at this point that both types of errors can cause failure in a filtering system unless they are detected and appropriate corrective actions are taken. The prior art neither addresses nor recognizes these errors in the manner of the present invention, so far as we know.
The present invention addresses the problems by assigning priority numbers to rules. The priority numbers are assigned in an efficient and clear manner so that any two rules that intersect (some keys fit both rules) have necessarily different priority numbers. Rules with the same priority numbers do not intersect.
In assigning priority numbers and in executing related algorithms and methods, the present invention will do the following upon presentation of new rules:
explicitly query the network administrator to enter a domination declaration for every preexisting rule which intersects a new rule;
build the intersection table and the priority number assignments as rules are entered (rules are entered in any order);
alert the network administrator if inconsistencies of two types occur; namely cyclic domination declaration and inclusion declaration;
The present invention prompts the administrator to declare domination relationships only between pairs of rules which intersect. Again, two rules intersect if some key fits both rules.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, information is communicated to the administrator by means of computer generated graphics or text or both. The graphical presentation is in the form of a directed non-cycle graph. Specifically, a vertex in the rule set graph (discussed in detail below) corresponds to a rule. Edges connecting rules are drawn precisely if two rules intersect (one key fits both rules). Such an edge is endowed with a pointer designating domination of one rule by another when the administrator declares that domination. The pointer is directed from the lower priority rule to the higher priority rule. Finally, when a new rule has been added and all dominations declared, the present invention tests the rules for consistency. Then the present invention either informs the user of errors and awaits corrections, or notifies the user that the rules are consistent and computes and displays new priority numbers for the rules.
Filter rules are generally expressed in terms of inequalities to be satisfied by the components of a key. An important example concerns IP headers in which the following information is used to make filter decisions:
Source Address (SA) 32 bits often organized into four bytes of eight bits each with a dot (.) designating separation, or equivalently four integers with values in the interval [0, 255] presented with a dot (.) designating separation such as 18.104.22.168, or equivalently one integer with value in the interval [0, 4,294,967,295] such as 285,409,554;
Destination Address (DA) 32 bits often organized into four bytes of eight bits each with a dot (.) designating separation, or equivalently four integers with values in the interval [0, 255] presented with a dot (.) designating separation such as 22.214.171.124, or equivalently one integer with value in the interval [0, 4,294,967,295] such as 285,409,554;
Source Port (SP) 16 bits, or equivalently an integer with value in the interval [0, 65,535];
Destination Port (DP) 16 bits, or equivalently an integer with value in the interval [0, 65,535];
Protocol (P) 8 bits, or equivalently an integer with value in the interval [0, 255].
The above five components are called the five dimensions used in IP filtering or, collectively, the five-tuple.
Every IP filter rule which uses the above data types can be stated as a combination of ten integers, namely, the ten integers being the upper integer and lower integer limits of a rule in the five dimensions.
Thus the above rule specifications can pertain to the important but special case of IP (Internet Protocol) headers. The present invention not only applies to that case but also every other system of filtering on a protocol with fixed format headers. Indeed, the present invention in describing the organizing of filter rules applies to any filtering system, including those filtering on packet data and on variable length keys. The two basic concepts are intersection (two rules intersect if one key fits both) and inclusion (one rule is included in a second if every key that fits the first also fits the second).
Continuing with the example of filtering in IP, any rule can be written as a 10-tuple of integers, the aforementioned upper and lower limits of values of components of keys which fit the rule, in the following form:
(sa, SA, da, DA, sp, SP, dp, DP, p, P)
Here, sa is the lower limit of Source Address, SA is the upper limit of Source Address, da is the lower limit of Destination Address, and so on.
Two rules R1, R2 are defined to intersect if one key fits both. In terms of IP headers, intersection is equivalent to the following 10 statements being all true:
sa1<=SA2 da1<=DA2 sp1<=SP2 dp1<=DP2 p1<=P2 (intersection) sa2<=SA1 da2<=DA1 sp1<=SP1 dp2<=DP1 p2<=P1
The present invention examines all distinct pairs from a set of N rules and finds those pairs which intersect. In a data base, all intersections are entered as a pair of rule labels {i,j } where i and j are in {0, 1, 2, . . . , N-1}, rule i intersects rule j, and i<j.
Furthermore, the present invention queries the system administrator as a new rule is To added to a rule set about intersections in which the new rule is a member. The query includes asking which of the two intersecting rules (the new rule and a preexisting rule) dominates in the event that one key is tested and fits both rules. The response of the administrator is called declaring domination.
Furthermore, the present invention includes the Priority Number Algorithm as explicitly described below. The value of a priority number is a natural number 1, 2, 3, . . . The subset of rules with highest priority are those not dominated by any other rule, and they all have priority number 1. If one rule or more rules with priority number 1 dominate one rule or more other rules, then those rules which are so dominated but not dominated by any other rules comprise a subset of rules each of which is given priority number 2. If one rule or more rules with priority number<=2 dominate one rule or more other rules, then those rules which are so dominated but not dominated by any other rules comprise a subset of rules each of which is given priority number 3. This relationship and priority number allocation is extended by an algorithm in the present invention to all rules.
Furthermore, after all domination relationships between a new rule and all preexisting rules it intersects are explicitly stated as above, the present invention calculates a priority number for each new rule as well as a priority number for all the rules already in the rule set. The present invention uses the Priority Number Algorithm (described in detail below) to accomplish this.
Furthermore, upon allocating priority numbers the present invention then enables a filter rule mechanism to determine which of two or more rules which fit a key to apply. Namely, of all rules which do apply, the one to select is the one rule with highest priority (lowest priority number). The present invention contains a proof that no two rules which intersect can possibly have the same priority number as generated by the Priority Number Algorithm. Hence the problem of which rule to apply is mathematically guaranteed to have a unique and easily decidable answer.
Two administrative errors can occur in filter rule specification; to wit:
rules that can never be logically referenced can be described and entered, wasting resources and falsely suggesting that a certain action will be taken for certain keys; and
circular domination patterns which can make deciding which rule to apply impossible.
The first error type is: if every key which fits rule i also fits rule j (a relationship called inclusion of rule i in rule j, to be defined precisely below for IP headers) and if rule j dominates rule i, then rule i will never be referenced. The second error type is: if several rules intersect with the first dominating the second, the second dominating the third, and so on, and the last dominating the first, then the rules are said to have circular domination. If a key fits all the rules in the cycle, then no rule can be selected for application to the key.
Furthermore, the present invention automatically informs the administrator if either of the above errors is made upon the introduction of a new rule.
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will be more fully described in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a Communication System embodying the teachings of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a format for an IP Rule.
FIG. 3 shows an IP frame format.
FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of the Frame Classification System according to the teachings of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows an acyclic directed graph and corresponding priority numbers for six rules with domination declarations as specified below.
FIG. 6 shows a flowchart for the Priority Number Algorithm.
FIG. 7 shows a workstation including a control unit.
The invention to be described hereinafter can be used in any environment in which one wishes to organize, study, or test for logical correctness of a set of rules with possible intersections (in which one key fits two or more rules) or possible inclusions (in which every key that fits some first rule necessarily fits some second rule). It works well in a communications system in which there is frame classification or frame filtering. As a consequence, it will be described in that environment. However, this should not be construed as a limitation upon the scope of the invention since one skilled in the art could use the teachings in other environments in which one wishes to classify items. If the invention is used in such an environment, it is intended that the claims set forth below will be applicable.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a communications network in which the present invention is implemented. The communications network includes a Switch/Router 10 connected through a simple multiplex device (Multiplexer) 11 to Workstations 1 through N (a LAN), a Control Point 12, Internet 14 or some other form of Wide Area Network (WAN) 16, Server 18, and another Local Area Network (LAN) 20. A LAN can be ethernet, token-ring or any other local area network which might include many additional workstations. Those skilled in the art will understand that a great variety of combinations of such elements is possible in permutations of FIG. 1. In particular, some elements could be duplicated and others deleted. The Multiplexer 11 is a conventional off-the-shelf device that selects one of the plurality of attached workstations and allows it to communicate with the switch/router. The use of multiplexers to provide such services are so well known that further description is not warranted.
Still referring to FIG. 1, the Control Point 12 provides the interface between the switch/router and the network administrator. In one embodiment of the present invention, the control point includes a computer comprising a keyboard, control unit, display, etc. (FIG. 7).
More particular, the computer includes a system bus to which a central processing unit (CPU), a memory, RAM, ROM, I/O devices, display device, etc., are coupled. The I/O devices, including a keyboard, scanner, pointing devices (mouse), etc., are coupled through appropriate interfaces to the system bus. The display device includes a cathode ray tube which is connected through an appropriate graphic controller to the system bus. The graphic controller, in response to information provided by a driver in the CPU, displays information to the administrator. As will be discussed hereinafter, the displayed information may include prompts or queries from the CPU. The displayed information may also include the non-cyclic directed graph (discussed hereinafter), etc. The CPU is provided with a conventional multi-tasking operating system, software drivers and application programs that configure the computer to operate according to the teachings of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows an IP header Rule Database Format. It consists of Segments 48 which have upper and lower bounds for each of SA, DA, SP, DP, Protocol (P) and an Action portion in segment 50. The Action portion lists the action to be taken if a key (described hereinafter) fits the rules.
FIG. 3 shows an IP Frame Format. The Frame Format includes a section termed "Key", an Information section, and an Ending Delimiter (ED) section. The Key section of the frame includes an SA field, DA field, SP field, DP field and Protocol (P) field. The key section of the IP frame is correlated with rules in the Rule Database to determine if the key matches one of the rules in the database. If it does, the Action set forth in the matching rule is taken relative to the frame. If the key matches multiple rules, the present invention causes the action associated with the highest priority rule to be taken.
FIG. 4 shows a Frame Classification System including the teachings of the present invention. The process labeled OFFLINE CALCULATIONS is practiced in the Control Point (FIG. 1) with the computer (FIG. 7). Likewise, HIGH SPEED PROCESSING is done, in real time, in the Switch/Router 10 (FIG. 1).
Still referring to FIG. 4, Block 36 is the entry point into the process. From Block 36, the process descends into Block 38 where a Rule set is input by a User 40. Turning to FIG. 7 for the moment, the user uses the keyboard or other input devices to input the rules into the memory of the computer. Referring again to FIG. 4, an Algorithm 42 (described hereinafter), executing on the CPU, operates on the Rule Set to assign Priority Numbers in Block 44 which are transmitted to the select Highest Priority Rule in Block 54. The Packet Key (Block 48) inputs into the Test Structure Block 46. The Packet Key could be a portion of a frame which is received from an input such as the Internet, a Wide Area Network, LAN, etc. Alternatively, the packet key could be a portion of the frame, information derived from the frame and its origin and/or destination ports. Still other characteristics of the frame could be used to generate the packet key; such key would still fall within the teachings of the present invention.
In FIG. 4, Block 54 requires examination of all rules which a key fits. This set must be tested by comparing the priority numbers of the selected rules until the rule with the highest priority (lowest priority number) is found. Since the key in question fits all the rules of the set, the rules in the set intersect. Therefore, no two rules in the set have the same priority number (Theorum). Therefore the selection is well defined and unique.
The Test Structure 46, including a database of rules, tests selected data from the Packet Key, and at the end, does a full scale compare between a rule in the Rule Set and the Key to determine if the packet matches the rule in the Rule Set. If the key matches a single rule in the database of rules (Rule Set), the process descends into block 56 whereat one of the actions associated with the matching rule is performed.
Still referring to FIG. 4, if the key matches several rules, the process rules that fit the key (Block 52) are sent to Select Highest Priority Rule Block 54 wherein priority numbers provided by block 44 are used to select the rule that fits with highest priority (lowest priority number). When the selection is made, the Packet is then subjected to the action of the rule, one of the Apply Action 56 functions labeled 1 through n.
Still referring to FIG. 4, the Test Structure could be the filtering system set forth in the above related patent application. In the alternative, any filtering system that is able to correlate an item with a database of related items and indicate a match between the item and one or more of the items in the data, can be used.
The value of a priority number is a natural number 1, 2, 3, . . . The subset of rules with highest priority are those not dominated by any other rule, and they all have priority number 1. If one rule or more rules with priority number 1 dominate one rule or more other rules, then those rules which are so dominated but not dominated by any other rules comprise a subset of rules each of which is given priority number 2. In the event that one rule or more rules with priority number<=2 dominate one rule or more other rules, those rules which are so dominated but not dominated by any other rules comprise a subset of rules each of which is given priority number 3. This relationship and priority number allocation is extended to all rules.
In the context of the above description of IP header components, two rules R1, R2 are defined to intersect if the following 10 statements are all true.
Rule R1 intersects Rule R2:
sa1<=SA2 da1<=DA2 sp1<=SP2 dp1<=DP2 p1<=P2 (intersection)
sa2<=SA1 da2<=DA1 sp2<=SP1 dp2<=DP1 p2<=P1
Also in the context of the above description of IP header components, rule R1 is said to be included in rule R2 if the following 10 statements are all true.
Rule R1 is included in Rule R2:
SA1<=SA2 DA1<=DA2 SP1<=SP2 DP1<=DP2 P1<=P2 (inclusion)
sa2<=sa1 da2<=da1 sp2<=sp1 dP2<=dP1 P2<=P2<=p1
Although the present invention uses IP conventions for the purpose of illustration, those skilled in the art will recognize that the definitions of intersection and inclusion given here could readily be adapted to any other fixed format packet labeling system. Also, other filter schemes might still have the concepts of intersection and inclusion, rendering them suitable for application of the present invention.
The present invention examines a new rule and all preexisting rules and finds those pairs which intersect. In a data base, all intersecting rules are first entered as a pair of rule labels (i, j) where i and j are in {0, 1, 2, . . . , N-1}, rule i intersects rule j, and i <j. As more rules are added, the pairs of intersections are added to the database so that the database records all pairs of rules which intersect. A second database (to be labeled J below) consists of all the intersecting rule pairs except they are in order of domination. That is, a pair (i, j) of rule indices is in the second database if rules i and j intersect and rule j dominates rule i (note the order).
It will be convenient to couch the above definition of priority numbers in terms of graph theory. A graph consists of vertices and directed edges. In the present invention, each rule is identified with a vertex. Furthermore, each pair of intersecting rules is identified with an edge. If rule i and rule j intersect and if rule j dominates rule i, then the pair (i, j) is included in the database of edges. Note the order of rule label entries: the second dominates the first. In terms of graphs, the symbol (i, j) is equivalent to a directed edge from vertex i to vertex j.
In terms of graph nomenclature, a rule is said to have priority number 1 (highest priority) if all edges (possibly none) attached to the corresponding vertex are directed to it. The priority number of any other rule is one plus the number of edges in the longest directed path from it to any rule with priority number 1.
Technically the rule set with domination declarations can be thought of as construction of a directed graph. The vertices of the graph are filter rules. An edge connects two vertices if and only if the vertices correspond to intersecting filter rules. Whenever two range filter rules intersect, one must be specified as having higher priority than the other. We direct an arrowhead on each such edge pointing from the rule with lower priority to the rule with higher priority. Provided cyclic patterns of rule domination are not allowed, this must yield an acyclic directed graph.
If n is a natural number and some rule has priority number n, then we call the set of all of the rules with priority number n a priority number class.
To illustrate the above concepts of applying graph notions to rule priorities, suppose six rules {R0, R1, . . . , R5} are related as follows:
R0 dominates R3
R0 dominates R4
R1 dominates R4
R1 dominates R5
R2 dominates R5
R4 dominates R3
R5 dominates R4
The corresponding acyclic directed graph is shown in FIG. 5. Examination of paths in the graphs leads to the following assignment of priority numbers.
Thus there are four priority number classes.
A companion program could be written to test for pure inclusion (any packet that satisfies one rule must also satisfy a rule that includes it). Once priority numbers are computed, a network administrator could then examine all inclusions and verify that if one rule is included in a second, then the first has a higher priority (lower priority number) than the second. If, in our example, Rule 4 (priority number 3) were included in Rule 5 (priority number 2), then Rule 4 would never be referenced (since 3>2).
Note again that in the present invention, a correct rule set has the property that no set of rules is cyclic, that is, that the associated directed graph is acyclic. The importance of this assumption is emphasized by the following theorem.
Theorem: No two rules with the same priority number intersect.
Proof:. Suppose rules 1 and 2 intersect, both have priority number p+1, and rule 1 dominates rule 2. If p=0, then all edges involving the rules are directed to the rules. But there is an edge directed from rule 2 to rule 1, a contradiction for rule 2. Assume p>0. Then the longest path from rule 1 to some rule 3 with priority number 1 is of length p. The same path can be used along with the edge from 2 to 1 to make a path of length p+1 from rule 2 to rule 3. Thus the priority number of rule 2 is at least p+2 contradicting the stated priority number p of rule 2. QED Table 1 (below) lists the pseudo-code for an algorithm, the Priority Number Algorithm, that determines the priority numbers of filter rules when rules and domination declarations are presented as vertices and edges in an acyclic directed graph.
Method: The graph is represented as a set of N vertices {i}, each corresponding to a rule, and a set J (possibly except 2) of some ordered pairs of vertex labels {(i, j) } with (i, j) signifying: rules i and j intersect and j dominates i. Since the graph is assumed to be acyclic, not both (i, j) and (j, i) can be edges. Also associated with each vertex is a nonnegative integer k. At the beginning of the program, all k:=0. At the end of the program, the priority number of a rule (vertex) is its k value, a natural number 1, 2, 3, . . .
FIG. 6 shows a flowchart for the Priority Number algorithm. The algorithm starts at 60. Sets of labels are defined in 62. The set of indices I occurring as first indices in the current set J of confirmation pairs is defined in 68. Then I and J are tested as empty or nonempty in 70. A cycle is found if we branch to 72. Else, I is tested again. The algorithm can end if we branch to 76. Else increment the priority number value x in 79. Then assign that value x to same rules in 80. Then delete such newly labeled rules from J in 82. Then go to 68.
As stated earlier, the pseudo-code (Table 1), when applied to the above six intersecting rules, yield the graph and priority numbers as shown in FIG. 5.
In summary, the present invention includes the following steps:
1. The present invention tests the new rule and each preexisting rule for intersection. If an intersection is found, the administrator is asked to declare domination.
2. After all dominations are declared, the Priority Number Algorithm set forth above, is run.
3. If the Priority Number Algorithm ends by finding a cyclic domination pattern, then the program writes the same and the administrator is allowed to reverse one or more domination declarations or erase one or more rules. Then the rule set is resubmitted to the Priority Number Algorithm.
4. Else, all rules have priority numbers.
5. The present invention then tests the new rule and all preexisting rules for inclusion. If an inclusion is found, the priority numbers of the new rule and the preexisting rule are compared. If any pair is found in which the priority number of the included rule is higher than that of the other rule, then the present invention writes that there is an inclusion error (a rule has been entered which will never be referenced). Else, the present invention writes that the rule set with the new rule does not have an inclusion error.
6. In the preferred embodiment, all the results from the above five functions are displayed or made available for display as computer generated images accompanied by computer generated text.
In view of the foregoing, the present invention provides an improved method and apparatus that improved the filtering process.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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Recipe by BJ MOORE
"Souper simple! Macaroni with beef and tomatoes in an onion soup sauce topped with melted Mozzarella."
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1 pound
lean ground beef
1 (1 ounce) package
dry onion soup mix
1 teaspoon
dried oregano
1 (28 ounce) can
whole peeled tomatoes, undrained and chopped
2 cups
2 cups
1/3 cup
grated Parmesan cheese
1/2 cup
shredded mozzarella cheese
Excellent. I did make a few minor changes though. I used shell noodles instead of macaroni and cooked it seperately and then added it to the hamburger/tomato mixture, so I left out the 2 cups of water. I used a package of beefy onion soup mix since that is what I had on hand. I also cut back on the oregano, since my canned tomatoes were already seasoned with basil, garlic and oregano. Hubby loved it.
While this was hearty, simple, and quick, it was just an average meal. Not to say my family didn't like it---we all did! It just isn't a dish I'd purposely plan into my weekly menu. On the other hand, it was perfect for my needs tonight: a dinner I could throw together using simple items I already had on hand. For that reason alone, I'd make it again if I found myself in a pinch. By the way, I did throw in a large handful of fresh spinach just before adding the cheese. It did make the dish more colorful while sneaking in some veggies!
46 Ratings
My husband said it was better than the one his mom used to make - I added a little spaghetti sauce to thicken it up and it turned out great!
This is something that I make when I've really got to stretch out what I've got in the cupboards/fridge. To really make it work for you, add in whatever vegetables you have on hand and a can of tomato sauce or two. I like to add carrots, zucchini, spinach, red pepper. garlic. Spices, I'll usually add basil, fennel, thyme. If you've got a little bacon grease in your fridge, saute your vegetables in that before you add the rest of your ingredients. TIP: I usually add a little molasses in my speghetti sauce for a deeper flavor and a little sweetness.
This is a great weeknight recipe. It is quick and easy. I used garlic mushroom soup mix, because I didn't have any onion soup mix. Next time, I will use the onion soup. I added some dry minced onions. I, also, used chopped canned tomatoes to save a step. The leftovers were great for lunch, too. Thanks for the recipe.
Very good and easy! I did make some changes only because I wanted to use what I had on hand. First I used 2 lb's of ground beef and no onion soup mix. I sauteed one samll onion and one small green pepper with 3 cloves of minced garlic, then I added the ground beef to cook. I used 2 fresh tomatoes (peeled and diced)and dired parsley, dried oregano leaves and lawry's seasoning salt. I added the water and pasta. When the pasta was done I add the parmesan cheese and about 2-3 handfuls of shredded colby jack cheese. Sorry for all the changes but it was very good!
I just love this! It's like a healthier, home-made version of hamburger helper. After I started it, I realized I had no canned tomatoes, so I sliced up a large fresh one and threw in an extra cup of water. I thought this might make it taste "plain" but it still had loads of flavour! I also used the cheese I had on hand, which happened to be Havarti and Cheddar. This will definitely be a regular in my household!
Simple,quick and easy to make. I added a clove of garlic and doubled the mozzarella. I plan to add some chopped onion and substitute ground turkey for the ground beef. It's not a favorite but good and everyone liked it.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Souper Skillet Pasta
Serving Size: 1/6 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 6
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 366
Calories from Fat: 128
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The firm, juicy texture of zucchini make them a perfect side to toss on the grill.
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See how to make this quick and easy dinner.
See how to make a simple, long-simmering meat sauce for pasta.
A simple and quick weeknight pasta with sausage, tomatoes, and spinach.

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The Moose
05/02/2011 – The track & field teams had a successful weekend as two school records were broken and seven national qualifying marks were established. The Saints were in competition at the Hillsdale "Gina" Relays on Friday and then hosted the Aquinas College Quad Meet on Saturday at Houseman Field.
Rachael Steil established a new school record in the 5000 meters on Friday night as she placed 6th in the Invitational portion of the 5k. Steil's time of 17:04.58 bested teammate Carly Plank's (17:17.80) time from the same meet last year. Steil's time is currently the fifth fastest time run in the NAIA this spring. Also on Friday night, Katy Cramer hit the provisional mark in the 10,000 meters with a time of 37:48. Cramer's performance was the second fastest 10k ever by an Aquinas Saint and a 64 second personal best for the senior from Cedar Springs.
The men's 4x800 meter relay was crowned relay champions as the foursome of Nick Thelen, Grant Gunneson, Kolin Stickney and Dustin Heiler won the competition with a time of 7:43.29. The performance was the third fastest all-time for the Saints and automatically qualifies the men for the NAIA National Championships. The Saints are currently ranked 3rd nationally in the event.
Highlighting the meet on Saturday was the vault of freshman Alicia Dorko. Dorko won the competition with a school record jump of 11-10. The performance automatically qualifies Alicia for the National Championships at the end of the month.
Nick Thelen followed his performance on Friday night with an even better showing on Saturday. The junior from Grand Ledge ran the second fastest 800 meter of all-time as Thelen recorded a 1:52.99. The time automatically qualifies Nick for the NAIA Championships.
Two Saints earned provisional qualifiers on Saturday as Joordan Hall ran a 12.25 in the 100 meters to hit the "B" standard, while Ryan Helminiak's jump of 6-7 earned him a spot on the Nationals squad. In all the Saints recorded 15 first place finishes on Saturday.
Aquinas will return to action on Friday as the Saints will compete at the WHAC Championships. The event will take place at Houseman Field beginning at 4 p.m.


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Cheverus beats McAuley on the diamond
PORTLAND—While it lacked the intensity of their encounters on the hardwood, Monday afternoon's softball "Holy War" between rivals Cheverus and McAuley at Shea Field had its moments.
And most of the moments were highlights produced by the host Stags.
Early in the game, Cheverus senior ace Brittany Bell was perfect, setting down the first nine Lions she faced.
The Stags offense did its part, as unheralded junior shortstop Olivia Mull discovered her stroke, tripling home a run in the second, then, as part of a five-run, two-out uprising in the third, tripling home three more to help Cheverus open up a 6-0 advantage.
While Bell eventually proved mortal on the hill, surrendering a pair of runs, she delivered the exclamation point with her bat, crushing a home run and the Stags went on to a 7-2 victory.
Bell got the win by striking out a dozen, Mull had four RBI and Cheverus improved to 2-0 on the young season, dropping McAuley to 0-2.
"It was a good team effort," Bell said. "I'm proud of the team. We're really coming together. We totally get fired up (to play McAuley). They're a rival. We wanted to beat them."
Early showdown
Entering Monday's contest, McAuley had won six of the 10 previous meetings, but last year, Cheverus downed the host Lions, 3-1, in eight innings.
The Stags opened the 2014 season Friday with a 12-1 victory at Deering, while McAuley lost a 13-inning marathon to visiting Marshwood (7-5) in its first game.
Monday, Cheverus took advantage of its opportunities and went on to an impressive win.
Bell set an immediate tone by fanning Lions pitcher Sam Libby and second baseman Kim Fisher looking, then getting freshman catcher Ally Tillotson to rip a drive to center which junior centerfielder Josie Bradshaw managed to corral.
Libby got sophomore second baseman Sophia Giancotti to ground out to short on the first pitch of the bottom of the first. Senior rightfielder Katie Randall then grounded into the hole, but McAuley shortstop Maddy Beaulieu made a nice play to get Randall by a step. Senior first baseman Libby DesRuisseaux delivered the game's first hit, a single to center, and Bell walked, but Libby escaped the jam by inducing Bradshaw to ground out to third.
Bell remained strong in the second, getting first baseman Taylor Whaley to line to second, Beaulieu to strike out swinging and third baseman Lillie Donovan to bunt out to third.
Libby started the bottom half by getting senior Emma Engelman to ground out to short and junior catcher Margaret Rigney to look at strike three, but junior third baseman Casey Simpson ripped a triple to right-center and Mull followed with a deep drive to left, over the head of Jill Ma, for an RBI triple and Cheverus had a 1-0 lead.
For Mull, who last played competitively in the sixth grade, it was a huge dose of confidence.
"I got two strikes and Coach (Maureen Curran) talked to me," said Mull. "She made me feel better. That gave me a lot of confidence."
Mull's hit didn't come as a surprise to the Stags.
"We told 'Oliv' that as soon as she gets a good hit, she won't stop and she proved that today," Bell said.
"She needed that little boost of confidence," Curran said. "She had some great at-bats in the preseason and against Deering the other day. I knew once she got a hit, the floodgates would open."
Libby stranded Mull at third by getting Giancotti to pop out.
Bell remained perfect in the top of the third, as she got centerfielder Ashley Littlefield to bunt out to Simpson at third, fanned rightfielder Marisa Goshe looking and Ma swinging.
Cheverus then broke the game open in the bottom half, with some help from the Lions.
Libby got Randall to ground out to short and fanned DesRuisseaux to seemingly put her team on the verge of a quick inning, but Bell drew a walk on a 3-2 pitch, was replaced by pinch-runner Brooke Dawson and trouble ensued.
Bradshaw grounded to Donovan, but her throw to first was awry, putting runners at second and third. Next up was Engelman, who dropped a bunt that Libby fielded, but by the time Whaley got back to the bag, Engelman beat the throw and Dawson scored. Rigney then beat out an infield hit to score Bradshaw and make it 3-0. After Simpson drew a walk to load the bases, up came Mull again.
Again, Mull got a pitch she liked, crushed it to left over Ma's head and this time, the bases cleared, as Engelman, pinch-runner Izzy Hilton and Simpson all came home for a commanding 6-0 advantage.
"I was pretty nervous, but once I hit it I felt good," said Mull, who dedicated both of her triples in honor of her mother's impending birthday.
Libby got Giancotti to ground out to end the inning and her stint on the mound was complete.
"We gave them five outs, maybe six (that half inning)," lamented Lions coach Robbie Ferrante. "They put the ball in play. They're tough. Better than I thought."
McAuley got its bats going in the fourth, as Libby led off with a bloop single, was sacrificed to second and after moving to third on a throwing error by Bell, she scored on a ground out by Whaley. An error by Mull kept the inning alive, but with runners at the corners, Donovan fanned and the score remained 6-1.
Bell got the run right back in the bottom half against Whaley, who took over on the hill for the Lions.
After Randall grounded out to second and DesRuisseaux grounded out to third, Bell got a hold of a pitch and sent it deep to left-center. The ball carried over the fence for a home run, making the score 7-1.
"It felt really good coming off the bat," Bell said. "I just wish my Dad was here to see it. He's been waiting to see me hit one."
Whaley ended the frame by getting Bradshaw to ground out to new first baseman, senior Lauren Coulombe.
In the top of the fifth, Littlefield led off with a double to right. After Goshe popped out and Coulombe struck out swinging, Libby ripped a single to center, scoring Littlefield to make it 7-2.
"We hit better the second time around, but it was too late," Ferrante said. "We didn't quit, that's what I was happy about."
Fisher also singled, to left, and Tillotson came to the plate with a chance to really cut into the deficit, but Bell struck her out looking to end the inning.
Whaley struck out the side in the bottom half, fanning pinch-hitter Rylee Day swinging, Rigney looking and after giving up an infield single on a bad hop to Simpson, who promptly stole second, Whaley got Mull to chase strike three.
Whaley tried to start a rally in the sixth with a leadoff double off the glove of Randall, but Beaulieu struck out on a 3-2 pitch, Donovan popped out to DesRuisseaux at first and after Littlefield reached on an infield single, pinch-hitter Mackenzie Leonard lined out to Giancotti to strand two.
Whaley got Giancotti to swing at strike three leading off the bottom of the sixth. After Randall singled to right and DesRuisseaux singled to right-center, Bell walked to load the bases, but Bradshaw hit a grounder to short and Beaulieu came home for the force out, with Tillotson making a nice scoop on a low throw. Engelman then popped out foul to Tillotson to leave the bases loaded.
Bell returned to her dominant form in the seventh.
After getting Coulombe and Libby looking, Bell fanned Fisher swinging to end it and Cheverus celebrated its 7-2 victory.
"It's awesome to get off to a start like this," Bell said. "We're young. This gives us confidence."
"I'm really happy with the way things have started off," Curran said. "We still have a lot of players who are inexperienced. We have some really good athletes who lack softball IQ. I'm really excited to see where they go as the season progresses.
"We have one returner in the infield from her position last year, Libby. It's been a real adjustment for Sophia to move to second from short. That's a really good spot for her. Her athleticism really shows. Casey's moved from catcher to third base. She made several athletic plays today. Then there's Liv Mull, who is arguably playing the most important role in the infield. She's gained confidence. I'm really waiting to see her peak. Josie's the only returning outfielder, so we have a lot of inexperience out there."
Bell improved to 2-0 on the young season by allowing just two runs (one earned) on six hits. She didn't allow a walk and had 12 strikeouts, giving her 30 so far this spring.
"I felt really good," Bell said. "I know I have my team behind me and we've fielded really well. When you're comfortable with who's behind you, you feel confident. I felt like my screwball was working really well. My curve was a little off."
"I think Brittany has a lot of confidence in her defense this year," Curran said. "She knows they'll get the work done behind her."
Offensively, DesRuisseaux, Mull and Simpson all had two hits. Simpson scored twice, while Bell, Bradshaw, Dawson, Engelman and Hilton each touched home once. Mull had four RBI, while Bell, Engelman and Rigney all drove in one. The Stags had a whopping five extra base hits.
McAuley got two hits apiece from Libby and Littlefield, who both scored. Libby and Whaley had RBI.
Libby fell to 0-1 on the season after giving up six runs (just one earned) on five hits and three walks in three innings. She did fan two. In relief, Whaley gave up just one run on four hits and a walk in three innings. She struck out four.
"Sam has trouble in the cold weather," Ferrante said. "I wanted to come back with Taylor Saturday, but I had to make the change."
Back in action Wednesday
McAuley seeks its first win Wednesday when it welcomes Windham. After playing at Westbrook Friday, the Lions meet the Stags again, this time on their field, Saturday afternoon.
"We'd like to get in the win column," Ferrante said.
Cheverus plays host to Marshwood Wednesday, then visits McAuley.
"Marshwood is always a good game," Curran said. "We've played them close the past two years, so we're excited for that."
The Stags know what it's like to get off to a fast start, as they were terrific in the first half of the 2013 season, then stumbled, but unlike last year, they hope to remain consistent throughout.
"We have to work on small things," Bell said. "We have great leaders this year. My fellow seniors are amazing. I learn a lot from them, so it must be great for the younger kids. I'm excited about the season."
"I think we have a good chance to make the playoffs this year," said Mull. "I'm feeling good."
"We need to get better at everything, especially defense," Curran added. "We'll need to iron some things out. I hope we don't fizzle out like we did last year."
Sports Editor Michael Hoffer can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter: @foresports.
Previous Cheverus-McAuley results
McAuley 2 @ Cheverus 0
McAuley 9 @ Cheverus 1
@ McAuley 13 Cheverus 12
@ Cheverus 6 McAuley 3
Cheverus 13 @ McAuley 0 (5)
@ Cheverus 15 McAuley 6
McAuley 3 @ Cheverus 1
McAuley 10 Cheverus 9 (8)
McAuley 9 @ Cheverus 3


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Al Horford and Cartier Martin of the Atlanta Hawks position for the... News PhotoAl Horford,Atlanta,Atlanta Hawks - Basketball Team,Ball,Basketball - Sport,Cartier Martin,Georgia - US State,Horizontal,Indiana Pacers,NBA Pro Basketball,Philips Arena,Position,Sport,USAPhotographer Scott CunninghamCollection: National Basketball Association 2013 NBAEATLANTA, GA - OCTOBER 22: Al Horford #15 and Cartier Martin #20 of the Atlanta Hawks position for the ball against Indiana Pacers on October 22, 2013 at Philips Arena in Atlanta, Georgia. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and/or using this Photograph, user is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement. Mandatory Copyright Notice: Copyright 2013 NBAE (Photo by Scott Cunningham/NBAE via Getty Images)


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Going to a Baby Shower
Corrie Style baby shower, bag, Belden, coat, Cornelia Guest, Heels, luckymag, Mavi, Necklace, neon yellow, Outfits, shop mami, skinny jeans, Style, style, Target, Vaute Couture, vegan, Vegan Fashion, vegan style, what to wear 3 Comments
Lock Me Up
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Bare Minimum
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{Wearing: Tee: Old Navy; Jeans: Mavi; Sandals: Melissa}
This past weekend I didn't want to do much of anything aside from sit on the couch and stuff my face. Jim and I went to see a Jane's Addiction concert on Friday, and I did somehow manage to try out a Crossfit class on Saturday (which I'm still sore from!). That was the extent of my physical activity. The rest of the weekend was spent me on the couch watching Netflix. Next weekend I won't have this luxury with the Color Run being on Saturday.
Sunday the most I did was walk the dog, and this is what I wore to do it. Basic tee-shirt, jeans, sandals. Bare minimum needed to look presentable.
How was your weekend?
July 4th
Corrie Style Blouse, Boston, Boston Pops, clutch, Fireworks, gunas, headscarf, Heels, Holiday, hotel, Independence Day, Jeans, July 4th, Life, Mavi, Old Navy, revere, Shop, Style, Travel, travel, vacation, Vintage, wallet, Zara 2 Comments
{Blouse: Old Navy; Jeans: Mavi; Shoes: Zara (vegan,found on Ebay); Headscarf: Vintage (my grandmother's); Clutch/Wallet: Gunas}Jim and I took an early bus up to Boston on the 4th, and got in around 11 am. We took our time getting acquainted to the city and our hotel, walking around Chinatown, and grabbing some lunch. In the late evening, we had a quick wardrobe change and got ready to go out to dinner. A red, white and blue headscarf is as patriotic as I get on the 4th. During the day, I wore this same outfit from the waist up. I just had on denim shorts and my neon yellow sandals instead of the jeans and heels. If you checked out my packing tutorial yesterday, anything from the waist up I was actually wearing while taking the photos for that post, which is why they're not included in the photos. Just before dinner we headed up to the roof top deck, being it was recommended by the hotel concierge as being a good spot to watch the fireworks. We enjoyed the view and took these few quick shots before headed out for some pizza and wine for dinner (I'll be doing an entire post on all the food we had in Boston very soon!). After dinner, we decided we'd probably have a better view of the sunset and the following fireworks from our hotel balcony. So we went back to our room, enjoyed the stunning sunset, and watched the Boston Pops 4th of July Spectacular on TV. Once the fireworks started, it was hard to miss them. We had the most amazing view! How did you spend the July 4th holiday?
Airport Again
Corrie Style Blouse, Business, Delia's, H&M, Jeans, leopard loafers, Life, Mavi, Outfits, Style, Thrifted, Travel, travel, Work, work 3 Comments
{Scarf: Gifted; Blouse: H&M (thrifted); Jeans: Mavi; Loafers: Delia's}Today I'm traveling yet again. I'm attending a business conference in Annapolis, Maryland and will be there today through Friday. I'm hoping to get some photos while there (both of what we're doing, as well as outfits) but don't hold me to it, it is a business trip after all.
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According to research from the Business Continuity Institute (BCI), 53 per cent of companies in the UK have no contingency plans for disaster recovery, and fewer (11 per cent) have ever tested their strategies.
"If nothing else, we are urgently calling upon UK businesses to do two things," said John Sharp, chief executive of BCI. "Develop a business continuity plan for their organisation and test it at least once a year. Not to do so is playing with fire."
Out of the 461 respondents, small to medium sized businesses fared worst of all.
"Practical information on simple steps companies can take to protect their business and IT platform is readily available," said Rt Hon Nick Raynsford MP, Minister of State for Local and Regional Government. "The plan should be a living document - sometimes weaknesses will only be discovered when it is put into action. Testing and rehearsal are critical to ensure the arrangements are connected and rubust."
The company released the information at the Business Continuity Expo in London. The exhibition continues until March 10th, 2004.
Copyright © SC Magazine, US edition
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Searching New York Talk
Perhaps I'm just dense, but I can't any way to search only through the boards on the NEW YORK Talk. You can search through either all of Serious Eats New York or all of the Talk boards in every city. Am I missing something or is this not an available function?
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- Filed Under
Louisiana fourth- and eighth-grade students and their parents will have to wait another few days to find out whether the students will be promoted from one grade to the next.
A midday email from the Louisiana Department of Education informed local school districts LEAP scores would be later than usual this year. Schools and districts had been expecting results on Friday.
"In recent years, the department has released these results May 17 or 18," the email from state superintendent John White reads. "This year you will be able to access individual student results in the secure LEAPWeb portal ...


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I'm Your Lawyer. You Can Trust Me.
Tuesday, May 17 2011
She is a named defendant in an $8 million conspiracy and defamation lawsuit, and will soon face review by the Law Society of Alberta for allegedly breaching 23 separate provisions of the Society's Code of Professional Conduct. * (see below)
But Kristine Robidoux, Q.C. shows a very different profile to the public on the worldwide web.
Online, she proclaims high ethical standards while promoting her services in rooting out corruption and zealously protecting clients' private information.
Robidoux, Q.C. currently hangs her e-shingle as a partner at one of Canada's biggest law firms, Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP, known simply as Gowlings.
The Gowlings website describes Kristine Robidoux, Q.C. as a "Global Business Integrity Lawyer" specializing in "domestic and international anti-bribery and corruption laws, privacy and data protection…and business ethics."
Robidoux, Q.C. appears for public viewing on YouTube in an infomercial in which she introduces herself as a member of the "Business Ethics and Anti-Corruption Practice Group".
She says: "the worst mistake that a company could make when they learn of a potential corrupt act or other wrongdoing within their organization is to do nothing."
She recommends "a robust, credible, independent internal investigation. Make sure evidence is being preserved, make sure whatever behaviour had been going on is stopped…"
Although somewhat halting in delivery, Robidoux appears earnest and sincere, not unlike her deportment when she pledged to this former client: "I'm your lawyer. You can trust me."
This was in a face to face meeting at my campaign headquarters early in the 2008 Alberta general election. Robidoux, Q.C. had accepted the dual roles as my Legal Counsel and Official Agent. She came highly recommended by other lawyers on our team.
Yet just a few days after pledging her loyalty, our campaign was attacked by anonymous sources in an article published by Canada's largest newspaper chain.
Sixteen months later, one of the unnamed sources was revealed by former National Post employee Don Martin to be none other than Kristine Robidoux, Q.C.
For years, Robidoux's career profile has been marked by swift upward mobility, aided by her many close links within the hierarchy of Alberta's Progressive Conservative Party.
She served as a "contract portfolio officer" for the PC government's Information and Privacy Commissioner. Later, she was an extremely active board member of Legal Aid Alberta, an independent agency created jointly by the Law Society and Alberta's Attorney General, and accountable to the Justice Minister.
Robidoux also received an appointment to the post of Justice of the Peace. Public records show she earned $64,587 from the Alberta Justice & Attorney General's department in the 2007/2008 budget year.
In December of 2007, the same month she agreed to serve my campaign team as Legal Counsel and Official Agent, Robidoux was awarded the patronage title of Queen's Counsel: "Her Majesty's Counsel, learned in the law."
Some months after the 2008 election, it was reported in The Alberta Gazette that Robidoux, Q.C. had resigned as a Justice of the Peace.
At the same time, the sole practitioner was reported by the Canadian Bar Association in Alberta to have "merged" her ComplianceWorks firm with Gowling Lafleur Henderson. As well, she became a full partner in Gowlings.
In July of 2010, Robidoux, Q.C. stepped down from her duties at Legal Aid Alberta. It had become widely known in Calgary legal circles that she was on the list to receive an appointment to the Provincial Court bench.
Indications were that Kristine Robidoux, Q.C. was to be named a judge.
The appointment, however, was not included in Justice Minister Alison Redford's announcement of judicial appointees in October, 2010.
Since then, Robidoux, Q.C. has continued to make high profile appearances as an expert in ethics and anti-corruption practices.
In November of 2010, she served as Chair of a conference on "anti-bribery and corruption compliance" at York University's Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto.
Two months earlier, in September, 2010, Robidoux, Q.C. moderated a discussion group on "due diligence as a preventative measure…a component of best practices" at the 8th Annual Anti-Corruption Conference of the International Bar Association in Prague.
It was while Robidoux, Q.C. was in the Czech Republic that she received word that this former client had applied to the Court of Queen's Bench in Calgary to have her joined as a defendant in Kent v. Martin, National Post et al.
It should be stressed that Robidoux, Q.C. was not a partner at Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP during the events at issue in the litigation. However the policies of her current firm are highly instructive on the basics of solicitor-client privilege. The privacy section, entitled: "Policy on the Collection, Use and Disclosure of Personal Information" states:
"Consistent with our obligations as professionals, we are dedicated to maintaining high standards of confidentiality with respect to the information that has been provided to us…
"Our obligations as legal professionals are governed, in part, by the Rules of Professional Conduct that govern each of our professionals as members of Law Societies…
"… all information concerning the business and affairs of a person or organization acquired…in the course of a professional relationship shall be held in strict confidence and not revealed to anyone unless expressly or implicitly authorized by the person or organization concerned."
* * *
* Quoting from the Plaintiff's Brief of Argument, heard before Justice Dallas K. Miller, February 10, 2011 in the Court of Queen's Bench, Calgary, and referring to the alleged misconduct of Kristine Robidoux, Q.C.:
69. This is not a case of an alleged minor misstep on the part of a lawyer…the evidence before the Court demonstrates arguable potential violations of each of the following rules in the Law Society of Alberta's Code of Professional Conduct:
1. A lawyer must respect and uphold the law in personal conduct and in rendering advice and assistance to others. (Ch.1, R.1)
2. A lawyer must not act in a manner that might weaken public respect for the law or justice system or interfere with its fair administration. (Ch.1, R.3)
3. A lawyer must be courteous and candid in dealings with others. (Ch.1, R.6)
4. A lawyer's position must not be used to take unfair advantage of any person or situation.
(Ch.1, R.7)
(Ch.1, R.7)
5. A lawyer must refrain from personal or professional conduct that brings discredit to the profession. (Ch.3, R.1)
6. A lawyer must not act for more than one party in a conflict or potential conflict situation unless all such parties consent and it is in the best interests of the parties that the lawyer so act. (Ch.6, R.2)
7. A lawyer must not act when there is a conflict or potential conflict between lawyer and client unless the client consents and it is in the client's best interests that the lawyer so act. (Ch.6, R.7)
8. A lawyer must not act personally in a matter when the lawyer's objectivity is impaired to the extent that the lawyer would be unable to properly and competently carry out the representation. (Ch.6, R.8)
9. A lawyer must not disclose any confidential information regardless of its source and whether or not it is a matter of public record. (Ch.7, R.1)
10. A lawyer must continue to hold a client's information in confidence despite conclusion of the matter or termination of the lawyer/client relationship.
(Ch.7, R.5)
(Ch.7, R.5)
11. A lawyer who possesses confidential information of a client or former client: (a) must not use such information for the lawyer's personal benefit nor the benefit of a firm member or a related person or affiliated entity of the lawyer… (Ch.7, R.6)
12. When acting for more than one party in the same matter, a lawyer must disclose to all such parties any material confidential information acquired by the lawyer in the course of the representation and relating to the matter in question.
(Ch.7, R.8 – (d)
(Ch.7, R.8 – (d)
13. A lawyer must not lie to or mislead a client. (Ch.9, R.1)
14. A lawyer must not render advice in situations in which the independence of the lawyer's professional judgment is impaired. (Ch.9, R.3)
15. A lawyer must obtain instructions from the client on all matters not falling within the express or implied authority of the lawyer. (Ch.9, R.5)
16. A lawyer must keep a client informed as to the progress of the client's matter. (Ch.9, R.14)
17. A lawyer must promptly inform the client of any material error or omission in connection with the lawyer's representation irrespective of whether it is capable of rectification. (Ch.9, R.18)
18. A lawyer must not mislead the court nor assist a client or witness to do so. (Ch.10, R.13)
19. Upon becoming aware that the court is under a misapprehension as a result of submissions made by the lawyer or evidence given by the lawyer's client or witness, a lawyer must (subject to confidentiality) immediately correct the misapprehension. (Ch.10, R.15)
20. A lawyer's representations to the court concerning the facts of a case must be limited to representations supported by the evidence. (Ch.10, R.17 – (a)
21. A lawyer must withdraw upon reasonable notice to the client when: (d) the lawyer's continued employment would violate the lawyer's obligations with respect to conflict of interest.
(Ch.14, R.2)
(Ch.14, R.2)
22. When there may be confusion as to the capacity in which a lawyer is acting, the lawyer must ensure that such capacity is made as clear as possible to anyone with whom the lawyer deals. (Ch.15, R.1)
23. A lawyer's conduct in an activity other than the practice of law must be compatible with the best interests of the profession and the justice system. (Ch.15, R.2)


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text:
Comment Re:Sure about the Louvre? (Score 2) 183 183
Comment Freudian read (Score 1) 48 48
Comment Re:Grammar (Score 1) 329 329
Please proof read proof read!
"you may have noticed that many of them won't play won't play."
Oh, I thought that was just Eddie The Echo
Comment Re:Hmmm... (Score 1) 983 983
Comment Re:Nice effort, but sets a bad precedent (Score 1) 95 95
The problem is, by third parties paying him, it sets a precedent for rewarding Facebook's bad behavior.
Nah. Now everybody knows that instead of getting $500 from Facebook telling them about their bugs, they can get $12k from the community by just hacking them directly.
Comment Re:Robbing Peter to Pay Paul (Score 4, Funny) 120 120
Robbing Peter to Pay Paul
yikes! What about poor Mary? She gets nothing?
Comment Re:So let's see... (Score 1) 70 70
We've got the Van Allen belt... what are the other two, Van Morrison and Van Johnson?
Let's hope it stays at three so we don't get a Van Damme belt as well.
Comment Re:Honestly? (Score 1) 220 220
Comment Re:"JUST" 12 light years? LOL. (Score 5, Funny) 420 420
Could you get more by slingshotting around the sun?
Yeah, but you'll end up in San Francisco in 1986 so it won't do you any good.
Comment Re:Caffine (Score 5, Funny) 878 878
was anybody talking to you, faggot? if you value your health, you better shut the fuck up too.
Dude, decaf.
Comment Fucking magnets. (Score 1) 383 383
Comment Re:Archer (Score 1) 238 238
Neelix is the Jar Jar Binks of Star Trek.
Now where's that "+1 so true" mod when you need it?
Comment Re:Once again (Score 4, Insightful) 43 43
And the government should never take money from people to pay for something they're religiously opposed to.
NOTE: I'm not arguing with parent, I'm saying that both his statement and mine are how it should be.
So no tax can fund school where girls attend for a Taliban?


text:
Below is the poem entitled The Tree of Knowledge which was written by poet
Richards. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Suzette Richards
The Tree of knowledge (purportedly) of good and evil.
He had exacted from mankind the reasonable pledge:
Not to ever partake of it and to act in all things civil -
the Tree of knowledge.
In our own spiraling downfall, from the past we dredge
a wealth of experience to fashion our reasons on the anvil.
When confronted with the facets of truth, we tend to hedge.
The division between man and woman in superiority, is drivel.
We are reliant, like the roots and the blades of the sedge.
Good and evil in each of us, are around which all things swivel:
the Tree of Knowledge.
Poetry form: Roundel
Example of Paradise Lost... See my contest by this name posted on PS.
Please see the About section for details regarding this poetry form.


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text:
Aerographers Mate, Module 02-Miscellaneous Observations and Codes
The measurement and recording of subsurface
water temperature at various depths is called a
bathythermograph observation. Bathythermograph
observations are normally conducted only in ocean
depths of 100 fathoms (600 feet) or greater. The
abbreviation "BT" is often used for the term
Although most bathythermograph observations are
conducted by Sonar Technicians and Aviation Warfare
Systems Operators, Aerographers Mates may conduct
these observations while deployed aboard ship with
mobile environmental teams. A far larger number of
Aerographers routinely receive and use the transmitted
to produce a variety of acoustic
analyses and forecasts for USW support and other
mission briefings.
The input of accurate realtime
bathythermograph data is
critical factor in
determining the sound velocity profile (SVP) of a
particular ocean area.
It is from the SVP that the
presence or absence of various acoustic propagation
paths can be determined and thus exploited.
I n a d d i t i o n t o d i r e c t w a r f a r e s u p p o r t ,
bathythermograph observations are also used to analyze
the location and structure of ocean fronts and eddies.
These observations are an important input to numerical
oceanographic models that analyze and predict ocean
currents, surface temperatures, and other features.
Bathythermograph observations are also archived in
climatological data bases used by acoustic predictions
systems; they are also used by Research and
Development (R&D) activities to develop new
oceanographic and acoustic models.
To be consistent with other environmental
observations, the World Meteorological Organization
has set standard bathythetmograph observation times as
the synoptic hours0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC.
Operators should attempt to make all BT observations
as close to a synoptic hour as possible. USW ships
bathythermograph (SXBT) probes every 6 hours, but
may reduce observations to once per day when
operating within the same area for more than 24 hours.
At least one BT observation should be taken when a ship
enters an area with a differingthermal structure, such as
in the vicinity of ocean fronts, eddies, major river
outflow areas, and differing water masses.
Q4. What is the primary purpose of conducting
bathythermograph observations?
Q5. What are some other important uses of
bathythermograph data?
Q6. When should routine BT observations be
Discuss the
background and history of bathythermograph
observations. Describe the basic operation and
m a i n t e n a n c e o f t h e A N / S S Q - 6 1 ( A )
bathythermograph set and the AN/BQH-7(A)
oceanographic data system.
Many different types of seawater temperature-
measuring equipment are in routine use throughout the
S h i p s a n d
bathythermograph observations using both installed
sensors and expendable bathythermograph probes.
Aircraft deploy a sonobuoy called an airborne
expendable bathythermograph (AXBT). An AXBT
measures ocean temperature during the probes transit to
the bottom and relays the information to the aircraft via
radio signals. Aircraft use different types of recorders
that will plot temperature/depth profiles. There are also
many types of moored and drifting meteorological/
oceanographic buoys that are equipped with a sensor
cable (tail) that can measure the ocean temperature at
fixed depths. The following text discusses only
shipboard bathythermograph systems.
Through the late 1950s, Aerographers Mates
conducted bathythermograph observations by lowering
and recovering a cable-tethered bathythermograph
probe over the side of the ship. A carbon-covered glass
slide carried by the probe was removed and evaluated
for each observation. In the 1960s, the electronic
bathythermograph recorder AN/SSQ-56 system, using
expendable bathythermograph probes, was introduced.
Several system modifications were made over the years,
the newest of which is designated the AN/SSQ-61(A).
Beginning in late 1986, new construction surface ships
began to receive the next generation of
bathythermograph equipment, the AN/BQH-7(A)
oceanographic data system. The AN/BQH-7A, also
called a "bathythermograph/sound velocimeter," uses
the same probes used by the AN/SSQ-(series) sets, but it
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text:
Saturday, September 28, 2013
A woman got her car sparkly clean at a local car wash company, but the way in which she paid for it appeared dirty, according to the manager. He said a female customer came in and paid for an exterior car wash. He told a police officer that he noticed his workers cleaning the interior also. The manager then approached the customer and asked her why his employees were cleaning the interior of her car. She responded by saying that she asked for it and had personally paid the workers.
The manager did not like transactions taking place between customers and his employees and that customers were supposed to pay him at the register only.
He told the responding officer that he did not want this woman to return to his place of business and asked officers to tell her personally.
Officers called her and she said she did pay for an exterior clean but simply asked if they workers could wipe down the inside of her windshield. She said she tipped the worker for doing it and never paid him personally for an interior clean.
She said the manager was extremely rude to her when he approached her and yelled at her in front of his other customers.
The officer told her just to take her business elsewhere in the future and she agreed to do so.
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text:
Posted 2 years ago
Martin Garrix Enters DJ Mag's Top 100; Tiesto Awarded KLM's DJ Legend Award
Over the weekend, DJ Mag revealed the results of their Top 100 DJ poll. Coming in at #40, a huge new entry to the list is Martin Garrix.
Tiesto, who is no stranger to the Top 100 DJs list (Tiesto has taken home the #1 three times) came in at #4. Tiesto also received the Top 100 DJs Legend Award.
See the full list here.


text:
There is a call for teddy bears in the Quad Cities.
The Nick Teddy Foundation is hosting a Teddy Bear Drive until September 1st. Anyone can drop off a new toy teddy bear in its original packaging at locations throughout the Quad Cities, including:
– Haven Studios, 105 South Chicago St, Suite 5, Geneseo,
– River Valley District Library, 214 S Main St, Port Byron,
– Cordova District Library, 402 Main Ave, Cordova,
– Bettendorf Family YMCA, 3800 Tanglefoot Lane, Bettendorf,
– and Two Rivers YMCA, 2040 53rd St, Moline.
The teddy bears will then be donated to Rick's House of Hope in Davenport, as well as the Children's Hospital of Illinois in Peoria.
"Talking works for adults sometimes and that's kind of how we're used to coping, but kids need something more concrete," says Emily Gordon, Program Director with Rick's House of Hope. "We do a lot of that kind of work here here anyway. We do a lot of play therapy and things in the sand and outside games and use that to talk about feelings and tough things."
The Teddy Bear Drive is new this year to the Nick Teddy Foundation, which was created last year in memory of Port Byron, Illinois man, Nick Strub. Nick was only 29 years old when he lost his life in 2011 to complications of Ewing's Sarcoma, which is a pediatric bone cancer.
The foundation held its first 5K last year. This year's 5K is marked for Saturday, September 14th.


text:
The Real McCaw: The AutobiographyPaperback
Currently unavailable
We can notify you when this item is back in stock
Additional formats available
- Format
- Paperback $19.88
- Publisher: Aurum Press Ltd
- Format: Paperback | 416 pages
- Dimensions: 138mm x 196mm x 18mm | 400g
- Publication date: 1 November 2013
- Publication City/Country: London
- Edition statement: PB Reissue
- Illustrations note: 1 colour illustrations
- Sales rank: 11,879
Product description
Richie McCaw, Rugby World Cup winning captain and the New Zealand All Black's most capped player of all time, is unquestionably the greatest player of his generation. He is arguably the most talented player of all time. In his bestselling autobiography, McCaw talks with brutal honesty about the roots of his family life that defined his character and how it gave him the strength to emerge from the lowest moment in his career to lift the Webb Ellis Cup, and become the most successful captain world rugby has ever seen. As he prepares to become the first captain to successfully defend the World Cup, McCaw has set the standard of what a professional rugby player should be. Hugely popular and respected, his sheer presence means that he is a natural leader both on and off the pitch and his story is not just a brutal account of life on the front line, but an exhilarating portrait of modern rugby.
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Author information
Since RICHIE MCCAW's debut in 2001 the All Blacks have won seven Tri Nations titles, completed three successful Grand Slam tours and won the Bledisloe Cup eight times as well as the 2011 Rugby World Cup. He is the All Blacks most capped player of all time and has been named the International Rugby Board (IRB) Player of the Year a record three times.
Review quote
'His story is not just a brutal account of life on the front line, but an exhilarating portrait of modern rugby.' News Letter (Belfast) 'McCaw's book offers an intriguing and unflinching insight into leading the All Blacks in a home World Cup' Guardian 'Thanks to one of the finer rugby brains of all time and some excellent wording from co-writer Greg McGee, a riveting rugby read it most definitely is.' Planet Rugby 'Beautifully written. Sports bios are usually droll affairs. This one is different.' Irish Independent


text:
Date: 4 years ago
Runtime: 0:35
Views: 54,264
All Comments
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text:
Joshua Green examines why liberals are nervous about Elena Kagan. He explains:
The same thing that makes her confirmation so likely — the lack of a paper trail for opponents to parse and attack — has also become a prime source of concern for her own side. There's little hard evidence to reassure liberals that she'll adjudicate in the way they would prefer. Kagan's lack of a judicial record and scant legal writing during a career spent mostly in politics and the deanship of Harvard Law School leave open the possibility she'll turn out to be more conservative than advertised. … The liberal complaint against Kagan is threefold: that she wasn't sufficiently aggressive in hiring women and minorities to the Harvard faculty; that she took worrisome positions on executive power, the war on terrorism, and corporate campaign spending; and that she isn't the counterpart to Antonin Scalia that the left has long desired.
Green makes a comparison to David Souter, the quintessential stealth candidate who turned out to be not at all what the president who nominated him expected.
Most interesting is that the left — despite the silly Obama spin — recognizes that "she isn't the counterpart to Antonin Scalia that the left has long desired." Perhaps they are worried her intellect is not all that dazzling? Well, we can say she's not demonstrated the sort of brilliance and scholarship or fine writing that the left understands is a prerequisite to do battle on the Court.
She has had a total of six Supreme Court arguments in her short tenure as solicitor general. It took a full six months before she gave her first argument in Citizens United, bypassing key cases, including Ricci (the New Haven firefighter case) and a high-profile challenge to the Voting Rights Act. Sources within the Justice Department report that Kagan was preparing to argue the Voting Rights Act case but ultimately gave way to her deputy.
Does this sound like a proficient, accomplished "lawyer's lawyer"? Not even Kagan is high on her own advocacy abilities. Her outing in Citizens United was rocky at best, getting the worst of questioning from both Justices Scalia and Kennedy (whom she is tasked by the left with persuading once she is confirmed). At an awards ceremony at Georgetown Law School honoring Kennedy earlier this month, Kagan spoke, and her comments are revealing — and should be bracing to the left:
At one point, Kagan raised audience eyebrows when she said she would remember an exchange she had with Kennedy "for the rest of my career as an advocate." …
That memorable exchange with Kennedy that Kagan was recalling, by the way, offered a glimpse into how Kagan handled her first oral argument before the high court — or any court — last September in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. That's the landmark campaign finance case that Kagan lost 5-4, with Kennedy writing the majority.
In spite of her earlier praise for Kennedy, Kagan told the Georgetown audience that the justice had "a bit of a bad habit," namely that he asks advocates about cases that are not mentioned anywhere in the briefs for the case. Kennedy did just that in Citizens United when he asked Kagan whether something she had just said was "inconsistent with the whole line of cases that began with Thornhill v. Alabama and Coates v. Cincinnati." … Perhaps many advocates know those cases, Kagan said, but "I at any rate did not." She added, "There was a look of panic on my face."
Without knowing for sure, Kagan said she believes that Kennedy "saw in the flash of an instant that … I really had no clue" about the cases he was asking her about. Instead of waiting for her painful reply, Kennedy quickly went on to explain the Thornhill line of cases — which relate to facial challenges to statutes under the First Amendment — with enough detail that Kagan was able to recover and answer the question.
The left has good reason to worry. Kagan will need to elicit respect, not pity, from Kennedy once she is confirmed if she is to fulfill the left's fondest hopes. Maybe she will grow into the job, but if it took six months to get prepared for her first argument before the Court, how long will it take before she is an influential force on the Court? Will she ever be?


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$500 Walgreens Gift Card Giveaway
The Telegraph and Walgreens are giving you a chance to win a $500 Walgreens gift card! To enter, fill out an entry form from
The Telegraph and drop it off at any area Walgreens location during regular business hours.
All entries must be received no later than 6:00 PM on
Wednesday, December 18th, 2013.
Drawing will be held at 9:00 am on Friday, December 20th, 2013
No photo copies of the entry form allowed. No limits to the number of times you may enter. Must be 21 years of age or older to participate and win. As a condition of receiving the grand prize, the winner will permit the publication of his/her name and photograph in The Telegraph without further compensation. No purchase necessary to win. Free entry form can be picked up in The Telegraph office at 120 Broadway, Macon, GA 31201 on Mon-Fri, between 3 pm and 4 pm only. Limit 1 free entry per week. Employees of The Telegraph, carriers and their immediate families are not eligible. Complete copy of the rules can be obtained at The Telegraph office in Macon.


text:
Hotels in 24129 - New River VA
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