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A system for printing with a plurality of removable print/cartridges includes a carriage constructed to traverse a linear print zone and removably support such print/cartridges. A plurality of referencing surfaces are located respectively on each of the carriages, parallel to the direction of the carriages traverse. The carriage includes fastening mechanisms for moving supported print/cartridges into a precise detent relation with respective referencing surfaces of the carriages. The referencing surface portions of the system are adjustable to allow selective physical indexing of print/cartridges, either in registered or interlaced printing positions. A transverse location detection system detects and stores the relative transverse locations of the print/cartridges in either position so that print control electronics can coordinate the output of the print/cartridges transversely.
1. In ink jet printing apparatus having means for feeding successive line portions of a print medium past a linear print zone, an adjustable printing system comprising:
(a) a plurality of substantially identical print/cartridges each having an ink reservoir, an array of drop ejection elements and an orifice plate including: (i) an array of orifices located in a precisely interspaced relation and (ii) a detent means precisely located with respect to said orifice array;
(b) carriage means for insertably supporting said print/cartridges and for traversing them along said print zone in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of print medium feed; and
(c) a plurality of adjustable index means, coupled to said carriage means, for respectively positioning the detent means of inserted print/cartridges selectively at one of a plurality of predetermined vertical locations relative to the direction of carriage means traverse,
whereby the printing droplets from the orifice arrays of inserted and indexed print/cartridges can be selectively; (i) vertically interlaced or (ii) in register during a printing traverse of said carriage.
2. The invention defined in claim 1 wherein the orifices of each print/cartridge are located in a linear array with an identical center-to-center spacing and wherein said index means are adjustable between a colinear condition and a vertically offset condition.
3. The invention defined in claim 1 wherein said detent means comprises linear edge portions of said orifice plates and said index means comprises linear knife edge portions adapted to abut said linear orifice plate edges.
4. The invention defined in claim 3 wherein said linear orifice arrays are perpendicular to said detent edges and said knife edges are precisely parallel to the direction of carriage means traverse.
5. The invention defined in claim 4 wherein said indexing means includes means for fastening said print/cartridges with their detent means in engagement with respective knife edge portions.
6. The invention defined in claim 1 wherein said indexing means comprises at least one pair of knife edges vertically offset in the direction of the line of positioned orifice arrays and selectively alignable with the detent edge of an inserted print/cartridge.
7. In ink jet printing apparatus having means for feeding successive line portions of a print medium past a linear print zone, and adapted for use with a plurality of substantially identical print/cartridges each having an ink reservoir, an array of drop ejection elements and an orifice plate including: (i) an array of orifices located in a precisely interspaced relation and (ii) a detent means precisely located with respect to said orifice array, the improvement comprising:
(a) carriage means for insertably supporting said print/cartridges and for traversing them along said print zone in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of print medium feed; and
(b) a plurality of adjustable index means, coupled to said carriage means, for respectively positioning the detent means of inserted print/cartridges selectively at one of a plurality of predetermined vertical locations relative to the direction of carriage means traverse,
whereby the printing droplets from the orifice arrays of inserted and indexed print/cartridges can be selectively: (i) vertically interlaced or (ii) in register during a printing traverse of said carriage.
8. The invention defined in claim 7 wherein the orifices of each print/cartridge are located in a linear array with an identical center-to-center spacing and wherein said index means are adjustable between a colinear condition and a vertically offset condition.
9. The invention defined in claim 8 wherein said detent means comprises linear edge portions of said orifice plates and said index means comprises linear knife edge portions adapted to abut said linear orifice plate edges.
10. The invention defined in claim 9 wherein said linear orifice arrays are perpendicular to said detent edges and said knife edges are precisely parallel to the direction of carriage means traverse.
11. The invention defined in claim 10 wherein said indexing means includes means for fastening said print/cartridges with their detent means in engagement with respective knife edge portions.
12. The invention defined in claim 7 wherein said indexing means comprises at least one pair of knife edges vertically offset in the direction of the line of positioned orifice arrays and selectively alignable with the detent edge of an inserted print/cartridge.
13. In ink jet printing apparatus of the type having feed means for advancing successive line portions of a print medium past a linear print zone, a system for printing with a plurality of removable print/cartridges comprising:
(a) a plurality of print/cartridge carriages constructed to traverse said print zone in a common direction and removably support such print/cartridges;
(b) a plurality of referencing surfaces respectively on each of said carriages, said surfaces being parallel to the direction of said carriages' traverse and vertically adjustable relative to said print zone; and
(c) fastening means for moving supported print/cartridges into a precise detent relation with respective referencing surfaces of said carriages.
14. In ink jet printing apparatus of the kind which includes means for advancing a print medium along a feed path so that successive line portions move sequentially past a linear print zone and which is adapted for use with a print/cartridge of the type including an ink reservoir, drop generator elements, electrical leads to such elements and an orifice plate having a linear array of orifices aligned with respective drop generator elements, a print/cartridge interface system for selectively positioning a plurality of such print/cartridges for cooperative printing in at least two different modes and said system comprising:
(a) carriage means, including a plurality of integral print/cartridge support means, mounted for movement in a traversing direction adjacent said linear print zone;
(b) a plurality of adjustable referencing surface means, each mounted for movement on said carriage means between different alignments with a respective print/cartridge support means, said referencing surfaces being precisely parallel to the direction of carriage means traverse; and
(c) indexing means for urging received print/cartridges into a condition wherein a detent portion of its orifice plate is indexed to the referencing surface on its support means.
15. In ink jet printing apparatus of the kind which includes means for advancing a print medium along a feed path so that successive line portions move sequentially past a linear print zone and which is adapted for use with a plurality of substantially identical print/cartridges of the type including an ink reservoir, drop generator elements, electrical leads to such elements and an orifice plate having a linear array of orifices aligned with respective drop generator elements, a print/cartridge interface construction for selective positioning of a plurality of such print/cartridges, comprising:
(a) a plurality of support means, each mounted for movement in a traversing direction adjacent said linear print zone, for receiving such print/cartridges;
(b) a plurality of referencing surfaces, each constructed for traversing movement with a respective print/cartridge suport means, said referencing surfaces being precisely parallel to the direction of support means traverse and synchronously adjustable between a colinear condition and a vertically offset condition;
(c) a plurality of terminal means each constructed for traversing movement with a respective print/cartridge support means; and
(d) indexing means for urging received print/cartridges into a condition wherein a detent portion of its orifice plate is indexed to the referencing surface on its receiving support means and its electrical leads are operatively coupled to respective terminal means.
16. The invention defined in claim 1 further comprising means for detecting and storing the relative transverse locations of indexed orifice arrays and means for controlling the printing actuations of each indexed print head in accordance with its detected transverse location, whereby the drop placements of such indexed print heads are accurately interrelated transversely within the line commonly printed thereby.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to ink jet printing apparatus of the type using insertable print/cartridges and more particularly to adjustable print/cartridge interface constructions for providing alternative printing capabilities in such apparatus.
2. Description of Background Art
There are known drop-on-demand ink jet printer systems in which a print head carriage bearing a print head traverses across the width of a print medium in line printing operation. Between line printing sequences, the print medium is advanced to prepare for the next sequence. One useful approach for such printing systems is to construct the print head element as part of a disposable print/cartridge which contains an ink supply, drop-generating structures and electrical connections adapted for coupling to the printer, which provides drop-generating energy to such an inserted print/cartridge.
Commonly assigned and concurrently filed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 945,136, entitled "Ink Jet Printer for Cooperatively Printing with a Plurality of Insertable Print/Cartridges", by M. Piatt describes a highly useful approach for ink jet printing with a plurality of insertable print/cartridges. In general, that approach employs the physical positioning of each inserted print/cartridge so that its linear orifice array is aligned: (i) precisely perpendicular to the direction of line traverse, (ii) at a precise distance from a reference surface parallel to the direction of line traverse and (iii) at a generally predetermined spacing from the printing zone. These aspects of the Piatt approach prevents printing artifacts caused by misalignments of the cooperative print/cartridges in the vertical page direction. To prevent artifacts due to misalignments along the horizontal page direction, the Piatt approach utilizes detections of the relative transverse locations of the linear orifice arrays of inserted print/cartridges and coordination of the print/cartridges printing actuations based on such detections. One particularly useful application for this multi-print/cartridge system is to allow printing with a plurality of different color inks, e.g. for pictures, graphics or combinations of such material with text.
Concurrently filed U.S. application Ser. No. 945,133, entitled "High Resolution, Print/Cartridge, Ink Jet Printer", discloses a printer having print/cartridge interface constructions that allow printing of high resolution output with a plurality of lower resolution print/cartridges by physically positioning the orifice arrays of the print/cartridges to print in interlaced cooperation during a traverse of their carriage across a line of the print media. This technique employs a precise physical position of the print/cartridge orifice plate (and thus their orifice arrays) by indexing the orifice plate edges onto carriage referencing surfaces that are precisely offset in the vertical direction, vis-a-vis the horizontal print zone of the printer.
One significant object of the present invention is to provide improved print/cartridge interface constructions that are adjustable between different print/cartridge indexing conditions to allow interlaced or registered drop placements from inserted print/cartridges. The approach of the present invention enhances the capabilities of its embodying printer, e.g. for attaining registered multicolor printing or interlaced very high resolution printing or increased speed, high resolution, interlaced printing.
Various other advantageous applications can be attained by employing the concepts of this invention, which, in general, constitutes an improvement in ink jet printing apparatus that is adapted for printing along a linear print zone with a plurality of print/cartridges, and includes carriage means for traversing the print zone and receiving and physically indexing a plurality of print/cartridges in a transversely spaced relation with their orifice arrays in precise vertical inter-alignment based on the direction of carriage traverse. In accord with one preferred embodiment of the invention, the physical indexing construction comprises means for selectively varying the indexing of inserted print/cartridges between different vertical alignments.
The subsequent description of preferred embodiments refers to the attached drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view, with cover portions removed, of one preferred printer embodiment in accord with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment of disposable print/cartridge which is useful in accord with the present invention;
FIGS. 3A-3C are diagrams illustrating, schematically, the adjustable portions of the print/cartridge carriage of the FIG. 1 printer embodiment, as viewed from the print zone side of the apparatus;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are respectively a perspective and a side view, partially in cross section, of the print/cartridge carriage shown in FIGS. 1 and 3;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the carriage assembly shown in FIG. 4B;
FIGS. 5-8 are views showing various stages of the print/cartridge positioning sequence;
FIGS. 9A and 9B are schematic perspective views illustrating carriage position detection means in accord with one preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view showing one means for detecting relative-transverse location of print/cartridge orifice arrays in accord with the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating one control system in accord with the present invention;
FIGS. 12-15 are flow charts useful in explaining processes performed by the FIG. 11 system; and
FIGS. 16 and 17 are diagrams useful in explaining the operation of the present invention.
The ink jet printing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in general comprises a print medium advancing platen 2 which is adapted to receive sheet or continuous print material, e.g. paper, from an ingress at the lower rear, and under the drive from motor 3, advance successive line portions of the medium past a print zone P, and out of the printer through a printer egress in the top of the printer. During the passage of successive line portions through the print zone, multi print/cartridge carriage 4 is traversed across the print zone so that print/cartridges placed in the four individual carriage nests 5, 6, 7 and 8 can effect printing operations, as subsequently described. The carriage 4 is slidingly mounted on a guide rail means 35 (see FIGS. 4A and 4B) located beneath the print/cartridge support nests 5-8 and a carriage drive motor 9 effects traversing movement of the carriage 4, past the platen face, via an endless cable 10 attached to carriage 4. The printer is electrically energized, e.g. from a battery or transformer located at 11, via a control circuit means 12. Electrical energy is supplied to individual print/cartridges by means of ribbon cables 13 which have terminals 14 in the lower portion of each of support nests 5-8.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown one useful print/cartridge embodiment 20, which is adapted to be removably inserted into an operative relation with the printer via carriage 4. The print/cartridge 20 is adapted to be disposable when empty of ink and in general comprises an ink supply reservoir 21 and cover member 22, which covers the ink reservoir and, together with position lugs 51, coarsely positions the print head assembly 23 in nests 5-8. The print head assembly 23 is mounted on the cover member and comprises a driver plate 24 having a plural of electrical leads 25 formed thereon. The leads 25 extend from connector pads 26 to resistive heater elements (not shown) located beneath each orifice 29 of a linear orifice array formed in orifice plate 27. Ink from reservoir 21 is supplied through cover member 22 to a location beneath each orifice 29 of plate 27 (and above the heater element for that orifice). Upon application of an electrical print pulse to a terminal pad by the printer control, the corresponding resistive heater element causes an ink vaporization condition which ejects a printing ink droplet from its corresponding orifice 29. The orifice plate 27 can be electroformed using photofabrication techniques to provide precisely located orifices and is attached to driver plate 23, which is in turn affixed to the cover member 22. Thus it will be appreciated that even though the linear array of orifices 29 is precisely located within the orifice plate 27, its position vis-a-vis the locating portions of cover member 22 is not precisely consistent, e.g. in the vertical or horizontal directions, for different disposable print/cartridges. Print/cartridges of the type just described are known in the art for use in single print/cartridge printers, and, as has been noted, the coarse locating structures are adequate for those applications.
Referring now to FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C, the print/cartridge carriage 4 comprises a bottom wall portion 31, a front wall portion 32 and side wall portions 33 which together form the plurality of print/cartridge nests 5-8 that are adapted to receive and coarsely position print/cartridges with respect to the printing zone P of the printer. The bottom of wall portion 31 is mounted on guide rail 35 for traversing the carriage across the print zone P in a precisely uniform spacial relation to the platen 2 and in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of that platen's axis of rotation. Thus, the direction of the carriage traverse is substantially orthogonal to the direction of print medium advance.
The top of the front wall 32 has as an upper recessed portion 91 which together with an attached interior wall member 92 forms a track in which an adjustable referencing member 93 is mounted for sliding movement in a direction parallel to the direction of carriage translation. A spring-biased pin 94 is mounted in wall 92 to index the sliding movement of member 93 at various positions defined by interfitting recesses 95 formed in the opposing surface of wall 92. Preferably, roller bearings 96 are mounted in recesses of wall 32 and define the bottom of the track on which member 93 slides. If desired the bearings 96 can be vertically adjustable by camming screws (not shown) to facilitate precise definition of the track path. The upper portion of member 93 comprises a plurality of knife portions, which form reference edges that are precisely parallel to the direction of carriage translation and equidistantly spaced from the linear print zone P. Mounted on the side walls of the carriage nests 5-8 are fastening means 40 for contacting print/cartridges, which have been inserted into nests, and moving such print/cartridges into precise operating position in the printer apparatus. Referring to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the fastening means 40 comprises lever arm portions 41, hinge portions 42, camming portions 43 and seating arm portions 44. The bottom wall 31 of each nest 5-8 also comprises a resilient portion 39 and the fastening means is adapted to move the bottom of an inserted print/cartridge into a forced engagement that downwardly compresses resilient portion 39, when the lever arm portion 41 is moved upwardly to the position shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. When a lever arm portion 41 is moved downward, the fastening means 40 is disengaged and the print/cartridge 20 can be hand-lifted from its nest in the carriage 4.
Referring now to FIG. 2, as well as FIGS. 4-8, each fastening means is designed to provide a predetermined sequence of engagements between the print/cartridge 20 and the carriage 4. First, the print/cartridge is hand-inserted into a coarsely positioned alignment resting loosely in a nest on top of cantilever spring 39 (see FIG. 5). As a fastening means 40 is rotated clockwise (as viewed in FIGS. 5, 6, 7A and 8), the cam portion 43 first urges the smooth top surface of the driver plate 24 into forced contact with opposing knife portions of member 93 (see FIG. 6). At this stage the cam dimples 49 on seating arm portions 44 have not yet contacted the print/cartridge sidewalls. During continued rotation the cam dimples 49 contact shoulder portions 54 of an inserted print/cartridge 20 and move the print/cartridge downwardly against the bias of resilient means 39, while cam portion 43 maintains the forward force urging the driver plate 24 into contact with knife edge 37. During this downward movement, the indexing knife edge beneath the orifice plate will slide along the face of the driver plate 24 until a detent surface D of the print/cartridge engages the knife edge (see FIG. 7A). In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2-8, the detent D comprises a lower edge portion of the orifice plate 27. As the engagement between the knife edge and the detent edge D evolves, the print/cartridge is oriented within the nest so that the detent edge D is precisely parallel to the related knife edge. Because the orifice array 29 and the detent edge D of the orifice plate 27 are photofabricated, they can be precisely located relative to one another in an economical fashion. Thus precise positioning of the orifice plate's detent edge D relative to a knife edge of a carriage nest precisely locates the printing orifices (rotationally and vertically) relative to the traversing path of the printer carriage 4, as well as in a predetermined spacial relation vis-a-vis the print zone P.
Continued movement of the lever arm 41 causes cam surface 43 to move connector pads 26 of the print/cartridge into contact with the terminals 14 in the nest bottom (see FIG. 8). To allow continued movement of the fasten means 40, after full detenting of the orifice plate, the seating arms 44 are slightly flexible in an outward direction (see FIG. 7B) to allow dimples 49 to slip down the sides of shoulders 54. As shown best in FIG. 7B, the thickness of cantilever seating arm 44 behind dimple 49 is less than the other portions of the fastening means 40 to allow this outward movement.
Referring now to FIGS. 3A-3C and FIG. 4A, the details of the adjustable referencing member 93 will be described. In FIGS. 3A-3C the orifice plates 27 of four print/cartridges are illustrated schematically by cross-hatched squares O5 -O8 (in reference to their related carriage nest) and the referencing member 93 is illustrated schematically as comprising three knife members K for each related carriage nest (i.e. K-5a, K-5b, K-5c, etc). FIG. 3A illustrates the conditions of the knife portions K of members 93 when indexed in the central position as shown in FIG. 4A. Thus, when member 93 has been slidingly indexed in its track to the central position, knife portions K-5b, K-6b, K-7b and K-8b are respectively aligned to index orifices O5 -O8 of print/cartridges in their related nests 5-8 as described in detail above. As shown in FIG. 3A, each of the "b" knife portions has the same precise vertical extension so that the orifice plates O5 -O8 are all aligned at the same vertical position (e.g. V1). In this condition the orifices of the orifice plates are aligned to provide drop placements "in register", i.e. along corresponding transverse lines of the print zone.
FIG. 3B illustrates the relation of the referencing member 93 and orifice plate 27 when member 93 has been slidingly indexed to its "a" position (i.e. moved rightward as viewed in FIG. 4A). As shown, the "a" portions of member 93 each have a different vertical dimension. Specifically portion K-8a has the same dimension as the "b" portions and K-7a has a dimension that is precisely 1/4 of the center-to-center spacing (between adjacent orifices in the orifice arrays of the utilized print/cartridges 20) less than K-8a. Similarly, knife portion K-6a has a vertical dimension that is 1/2 of the orifice spacing less than the K-8a dimension and K-5a has a vertical dimension that is 3/4 of the orifice spacing less than the K-8a dimension. As shown in FIG. 3B, when the orifices O5 -O8 are indexed on the "a" portions of member 93, their orifice arrays will be interlaced, respectively at different heights V4, V3, V2 and V1 to provide very high resolution printing (e.g. 48 pixels per vertical line dimension with 12-orifice print/cartridges).
Referring now to FIG. 3C, it can be seen that when the referencing member 93 is moved to its "c" position, i.e. leftward from the central position as viewed in FIG. 4A, the knife portions K-5c through K-8c are aligned to index received print/cartridges. As shown, portions K-8c and K-6c are of the same vertical dimension as the "b" portions of member 93 and portions K-7c and K-5c are 1/2 of the orifice center-to-center spacing less than the "b" portions vertical dimension. Thus, in this condition orifice plates O8 and O6 are indexed at the same vertical position V1 and orifice plates O7 and O5 are indexed at the same vertical height V3. By appropriate signal buffering to the inserted print cartridges, this condition of orifice enables pairs of print/cartridges, e.g. O8 /O7 and O6 /O5 to provide interlaced high resolution output (e.g. 24 pixels per vertical line dimension) and for the two pairs to share the output of horizontal line printing so as to allow doubling of the print carriage traverse speed and thus the ultimate output speed of the printer. Stated differently, this condition provides output at a resolution of one-half the FIG. 3B condition but at twice the printing speed.
Various other useful embodiments, in addition to those described with regard to FIGS. 3A to 3C, will occur to those skilled in the art in view of the basic concepts provided by the present invention. Thus, printers can employ the adjustable referencing of other combinations of print/cartridges, e.g. 2 or 3 print/cartridges, and other combinations of ink colors, e.g. for highlighting. A mutual aspect of all such implementations of the invention is the versatility provided by constructing the print/cartridge interface to be adjustable to selectively position the print/cartridges at different relative vertical positions.
The ink jet printer shown in FIG. 1 also includes a sub-system for the control of drop placements, horizontally (i.e. along the direction of carriage traverse), between the cooperative print/cartridges in nests 5-8. Such sub-system in general comprises control means for detecting and storing relative transverse location data for the orifice array of each print/cartridge and means for controlling the print drop actuation of each print/cartridge according to its particular location data. In the FIG. 1 embodiment such detecting means comprises a print/cartridge scan detector device 60 located at a fixed position along the path of carriage traverse and carriage position detector device 70 comprised of a linear encoder strip 71 mounted along the traverse path of the carriage 4 and a strip decoder 72 attached to the carriage for movement in operative relation with the encoder strip 71. In general, the function of the scan detector device 60 is to signal the passage of a unique print/cartridge characteristic that is indicative of the precise transverse location (relative to the scan detector) of that print/cartridge's linear orifice array 29 as the carriage traverses the print/cartridge past the scan detector on its movement toward the print platen 2. In general, the function of the carriage position detector device 70 is to sense and signal successive instantaneous positions of the carriage 4 during its traversing movements.
Referring now to FIG. 10, the scan detector device 60 comprises an infrared emitter 61, e.g. an LED, and infrared detector 62, e.g. a phototransistor, both supported in predetermined orientations and spacial relations in sensor block 64. Thus, the emitter 61 is located to direct light obliquely toward the path of a traversing print/cartridge 20 so that when an orifice plate 27 of such cartridge is in the beam of the emitter, its light is reflected by the bright nickel orifice plate metal to return to the detector 62 as shown. Other portions of the print/cartridge are formed of non-reflective material, e.g. black plastic, so that the light energy received by detector 62 during the passage of an orifice plate is significantly greater than when an orifice plate is not in the path of the emitter light beam. In this regard it is noted that the vertical edges of orifice plates, that have been properly indexed via their bottom edge, will be perpendicular to the direction of traverse. The vertical orifice plate edges are linear and have a length such that the scan detector will accurately scan detect the vertical edges of orifice plates even though vertically offset as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
As illustrated schematically in FIG. 10, the output of detector 62 is coupled to comparator 65; and when the detector voltage VD from the detector 62 increases above threshold voltage Vref, the shift of comparator 65 to its low state is transmitted to the interface of a microcomputer 100. As will be described in more detail subsequently, the microcomputer interprets such signal from the comparator 65 as the passage event for a leading edge of orifice plate 27. When the print/cartridge orifice plate passes out of the beam from emitter 61, the output of comparator 65 returns to a high state signalling the microcomputer of this trailing edge passage event. One important purpose of carriage position detector 70 is to relate the leading edge/trailing edge events signalled by the scan detector 60 to the positions of the carriage along its traversing path.
Referring now to FIGS. 9A and 9B, as well as FIG. 1, carriage position detector 70 comprises a strip decoder portion 72 which is mounted for movement with carriage 4 and which includes emitter and detector pairs 73, 74 and 75, 76. The emitters and detectors are disposed in opposing relation respectively on extensions 77, 78 of carriage 4 so as to sandwich the linear encoder strip 71 during the traversing movement of the carriage. As shown in FIG. 9A, the lower portion of the linear encoder 71 comprises a plastic strip of alternating transparent and opaque sections, e.g. each section 2.6 mils wide. Emitter-detector pair 73, 74 is arranged to pass and receive light through this lower strip portion and the power to the emitter 73 is adjusted such that the detector 74 operates in a nonlinear region. Thus, the detector 74 will output a triangular sinusoidal-like voltage waveform in response to modulation by the lower portion of strip 71. The signal from detector 74 is coupled to a comparator 79 which has a threshold voltage level Vref such that the output of comparator 79 changes state at the same stage of every transparent-opaque encoder transition past the detector. As shown in FIG. 9A, the pulse train produced as the output of comparator 79 is applied as separate inputs 84a and 84b to microprocessor 100 for purposes subsequently described. Emitter-detector pair 75, 76 shown in FIG. 9B is aranged to pass and receive light through the upper part of the encoder strip which has only opaque traverse location markers H. The output of detector 76 is compared by comparator 83 to Vref and the low output from comparator 83 signals the microcomputer 100 that the carriage has reached a certain point(s) along its printing path, e.g. a turn-around location. Further details of useful detector systems are described in U.S. application Ser. No. 945,137, entitled "System for Determining Orifice Interspacings of Cooperative Ink Jet Print/Cartridges", by Piatt, Theodoras and Ray, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Considering the foregoing, there has been described means for detecting the print/cartridge orifice plates' passage of a predeterminedly placed detector and means for detecting various dynamic positions of the carriage 4 along its transversing path. The cooperative functioning of these detecting means as well as the overall operation of the printer can be further understood by referring to FIGS. 11-15. As shown in FIG. 11, microcomputer control system 100 comprises a microprocessor 101 with related timing control and interrupt interface sections 102, 103 and cooperative read only memory (ROM) 104 and read/write memory (RAM) 105. The system 100 also includes input and output buffer interface sections 106, 107 adapted to receive, store and output data for the microprocessor 101. The printer also includes for cooperating with its microcomputer control system 100, an input system 113, including a clock 111 and counter 112, whose function will be described subsequently.
As indicated by the general flow chart of FIG. 12, the ROM 104 contains programs whereby the microcomputer is, in general, adapted, on start-up, to perform routines such as activating paper drive and carriage drive motors, supplying energy for the print/cartridges, etc., as well as tests for the attainment of proper start-up conditions, e.g. adequate power supply, paper supply, etc. As also shown in FIG. 12, before commencing with the main printing program 204, the control system is programmed, in ROM 104, to detect and store (process 202) the locations of inserted print/cartridges and (process 203) to compute and store (i) data for adjusting the flow of print data from the output buffer 106 and (ii) data for controlling the firing sequences of inserted print/cartridges during the normal printing operations (process 204).
More specifically, after print/cartridges P1 -P4 have been inserted and indexed to selected vertical positions as described above and after the start-up test routines (process 200) have been performed, the printer proceeds, under the control of a program in ROM 104, with detect and store function (process 202) as follows. The carriage drive 90 is activated to move a predetermined home station location to the left of the sensor 60 and to then traverse it from left to right past the sensor at a nominal scan speed which is slower than the traversing speed during printing. When the carriage position detector 74 initiates the first pulse from comparator 79 to interrupt port 84a of the interrupt interface 103, the procedure shown in FIG. 13 is transferred from ROM 104 to RAM 105. Thus, the interrupt signal will then effect creation of a carriage position counter (process 230) in RAM 105, input a count of "1" to that counter and return the microprocessor to other control functions. When the next pulse from comparator 79 is input at port 84a, the carriage position count will be added to by 1 (process 231) and the microprocessor again returned to other work. The sub-routine described with respect to FIG. 13 operates both in the detect and store function (process 202) and the main printing function (process 204).
Referring now to FIG. 14, as well as FIG. 11, it can be seen that the pulse train from comparator 79 is also applied to input port 84b of interrupt interface 103. This interrupt signal connects clock 111 to counter 112 to begin producing an intra-mark count for the first encoder marking on encoder strip 71. That is, the clock 111 is selected with a frequency that divides each mark (opaque and transparent) of strip 71 into a nominal intra-mark resolution, when the carriage is moving at the nominal scan-detect speed. It should be noted that if the nominal clock speed were selected to yield 300 counts between mark transitions at the nominal carriage scan-detect speed, variations in that speed might yield an intra-mark count of 280 (if above nominal speed) or 320 (if below nominal speed). As shown in FIG. 14, after receipt of the first interrupt signal at port 84b, the counter is started and control of the microprocessor is relinquished. However, upon receipt of each subsequent 84b interrupt, a mark width count is stored and the counter is reset to "0" . Thus, during the traverse of the carriage, the microcomputer has an access to (i) the dynamic intra-mark count of the mark then passing detector 74 and (ii) the entire intra-mark count of the most recently passed mark. Both these data are useful in converting the intra-mark count to intra-mark phase information in the computation process 203 to be described later.
Referring next to FIG. 15, as well as FIG. 11, it can be seen that when a signal from comparator 65 of orifice plate detector 60 is supplied to interrupt port 65a of the microcomputer, a subroutine is addressed in ROM 104 which directs the microprocessor in: (i) reading and storing the mark count then stored in the carriage position counter, created and updated by the FIG. 13 subroutine, (ii) reading and storing intra-mark count of the then most recently passed mark, stored by the FIG. 14 subroutine, and (iii) reading the then existing clock count of intra-mark counter 112 (process 250).
The above-described procedures continue as the print/cartridge moves the leading and trailing vertical edges of each of the print/cartridges orifice plates past sensor 60. After the 8th interrupt procedure of reading and storing, an orifice plate edge data (assuming a four print/cartridge printer), the carriage 4 is returned to the home position (process 251) and computations in accord with process 203 commence. In general, the process 203 is performed by microprocessor 101 under the control of a program in ROM 104, using orifice location data stored in RAM 105 as described above, and has two main objectives, viz. (i) to determine and store the precise transverse distances between the orifice arrays of print/cartridges P1 -P4 and (ii) to determine and store the optimum firing sequences for those print/cartridges, as then located. Both of these determinations are useful in coordinating printing with inserted print/cartridges to avoid drop placement artifacts in the transverse page direction.
The distances between the linear orifice arrays can be determined by a number of simple algorithms, based on the fact that the orifice arrays are all precisely located relative to the leading and trailing edges of their orifice plate. Several such procedures are described in concurrently filed U.S. application Ser. No. 945,137, entitled "System for Determining Orifice Interspacings of Cooperative Ink Jet Print/Cartridges" by Piatt, Theodoras and Ray. By using the intra-mark detection features described in U.S. application Ser. No. 945,138, entitled "Transverse Printing Control System for Multiple Print/Cartridge" by Piatt and Ray, which is incorporated herein by reference, additional resolution information is available to even more precisely interrelate the cooperative orifice arrays in printing. One useful algorithm for attaining advantage of the intra-mark data is as follows:
1. Determine each orifice plate edge location as a mark plus phase (fractional mark count) datum by:
(a) Dividing its current intra-mark count from counter 112 (stored by procedure 250) by the last previous full mark width count (stored by procedure 250); and
(b) Adding the resultant fraction to the location counter count (stored by procedure 250).
2. Determine the mark count plus phase location datum of the orifice array of each print/cartridge by: (i) comparing count plus phase datum of its edges, (ii) multiplying the remainder of such comparing by a parameter representing the location of the array between the edges and (iii) adding this intra-mark fraction to leading edge location as computed by 1. above. In the following example of this process it is assumed that the array of orifices trails the leading edge of the orifice plate by 0.75 of the orifice plate transverse dimension and calculations are illustrated to identify the orifice array location precisely. However, as will become clear subsequently, in many instances only the precise inter-orifice-plate distances are utilized so that the location of a center of orifice plate symmetry (in the transverse dimension) can be utilized to determine the operative transverse spacing between corresponding portions of adjacent orifice plates rather than dealing with the actual orifice array locations.
If the location data of the first print/cartridge edges are:
Leading edge: 902 marks, 230 intra-mark counts, and last previous mark count 311
Trailing edge: 1340, 110 and last previous mark count 291,
the leading edge location equals 902+(230+311)=902.74 and the trailing edge location equals 1340+(110+291)=1340.38.
If the orifice array is located 0.75 of the orifice plate width from the leading edge, the orifice array location equals 902.74+0.75(1340.38-902.74)=1230.97.
3. Determine the mark plus phase spacings (S) between each of the print cartridge orifice arrays and the first print/cartridge array, e.g.: P4 =6127.88 P3 =4436.09 P2 =2865.74 P1 =1230.97 S1-4 =4896.91 S1-3 =3205.12 S1-2 =1634.77. These spacing data are computed and stored (process 203) and provide information useful for determining print data loading and print head firing sequence adjustments, as will become clear in view of the subsequent explanation of the modes of loading print data into output buffer 107 of the microcomputer.
Referring now to FIGS. 11 and 16, one embodiment for effecting transverse drop placement coordination in accord with the present invention will be described. Thus, it can be seen that a buffer output memory 108 contains separate channels B1 -B4 respectively for receiving print data for each of the print/cartridges P1 -P4. In operation, the print data is received by the input buffer of microcomputer 100 and loaded into the buffers B1 -B4 by the microprocessor in particular sequences determined by a program in ROM 104 utilizing the orifice array location data described above, which is stored in RAM 105. More particularly, referring to FIG. 16 (in which "1" indicates a digital signal to eject an ink drop and "0" indicates a non-eject signal), it can be seen that data is loaded into buffer channel B1 so that the first print signals will be ready for output from the buffer at position 1000 of the print head carriage 4. That is, this example assumes that the first possible line print position is 1001 encoder marks to the right of the home station (or start-count mark) and that the buffer is actuated to advance data in its channels one position per encoder mark. Referring again to FIG. 11, it will be seen that upon the 1001 transition pulse, latch L1 is loaded with print/no-print data from buffer B1 while latches L2 -L4 are loaded with all 0's from their respective buffer channels. Thus, when the gates G1 -G4 are enabled at this print position 1001, the twelve (12) drivers for the 12 orifices of print/cartridge P1 will be fired according to the "0" or "1" information in the latches L1 and appropriate ink drops will be ejected to the print line by P1. As shown in FIG. 16, this condition will continue until position 2634 (i.e. 1000+count spacing S1-2 of 1634) evolves, at which time print/no-print data for print/cartridge P2 will be ready for output to its latches L2.
Reflecting on what has been described, it will be understood that the loading of the buffers B1 -B4 will accomplish a delay between the commencement of printing which has been computed and stored (as described previously-process 250) to attain accurately coordinated transverse drop placement between the print/cartridges as physically positioned. Thus, print/cartridge P2 will be provided with printing information 1634 mark transitions after P1, P3 will be provided with printing information 3205 mark transitions after P1, and P4 will be provided with printing information 4897 mark transitions after P1. Each of the buffers will continue to output printing data to its latches until its full line of print data is completed and will thereafter output all "0's". Therefore, as would be expected, print/cartridge P1 will cease printing first, P2 second, P3 third and P4 will cease printing last.
If desired, the twelve drivers for each print/cartridges can be fired sequentially (e.g. 1 to 12 or in pair sequence 1 and 6, 2 and 7, etc.). This is accomplished by the gate control signals supplied by microprocessor under the control of a sequence program in ROM 104. This can be advantageous from the viewpoints of reducing thermal and acoustic crosstalk and of reducing peak power requirements for the drivers' energy source. In addition, the program of ROM 104 desirably provides for the microprocessor's sequential enablement of each gate groups G1 -G4, and in this preferred mode of operation, the phase (fractional mark) spacing data that was calculated and stored (process 250) is useful. Thus, consider the spacing data calculated according to the previous example where S1-4 =4896.91; S1-3 =3205.12 and S1-2 =1634.77. In accordance with print head firing sequence algorithm, the gate group for the first print/cartridge (P1 when moving left to right) will be enabled first at each encoder transition. Thereafter, the print/cartridge firing order proceeds from the smallest to greatest fractional mark spacing from P1. Thus, in the example above, gate group G3 for print/cartridge P3 (phase spacing 0.12) should be enabled next after gate group G1 ; gate group G2 for print/cartridge P2 (phase spacing 0.77) next after group G3 and finally gate group G4 for print/cartridge P4 (phase spacing 0.91) would be enabled.
More specifically, it is preferred in accord with the present invention that the gates G3, G2 and then G4 be enabled at particular intra-mark counts after the enablement of gate G1 that reflects the particular phase spacing of its related print/cartridge from print/cartridge P1. This preferred procedure will accomplish precise drop placements from each of print/cartridges P2 -P4 that are precisely coordinated in the transverse dimension. That is, the drops from print/cartridges P2 -P4 will be located precisely based on the transverse pixel locations that are defined by the ink drop placements of print/cartridge P1 as it is enabled and fired at each encoder transition signal. For example, considering exemplary the phase spacing information derived above, in a left-to-right printing traverse of carriage 4, the gates G3 would be enabled 0.12 of the nominal 300 intra-mark counts of an encoder signal transition or 36 intra-mark counts after gates G1. Similarly gates G2 will be enabled 231 intra-mark counts after G1 (i.e. 0.77× 300) and G4 273 intra-mark counts after G1 (i.e. 0.91×300). It will be noted that the above-described embodiment utilizes the nominal intra-mark count of 300 without any adjustment based on the intra-mark count of a next-previous encoder mark. It has been found that at the higher printing-transverse speed of the carriage 4, the mechanical system inertia is such that reliable printing drop placement can be achieved by the servo controls of the carriage drive in combination with the just-described gate enablement technique. Thus referring to FIG. 11, gates G1 will be enabled by microprocessor 101 on the signal from comparator 79, and successively thereafter at counter counts of 36, 231 and 273 gates G3, G2 and G4 will be enabled by microprocessor 101. It should be made clear that, in addition to the sequential enablement of gate groups, the enablement of the 12 gates within each gate group can also be implemented sequentially or in pairs by a program within the microcomputer, so that at any one instant only 1 or 2 of the 48 drivers are energized.
As alluded to previously, the approach of the present invention as described above with respect to a left to right printing traverse can be extended to a return (i.e. right to left) printing traverse. Thus, referring to FIG. 17, it will be seen that print data is loaded into the buffers B1 -B4 so that print data for print/cartridge P4 will be ready for output at 101 encoder transitions (in the right to left direction from the right-most carriage stop, e.g. mark H shown in FIG. 9B). Similarly, buffer B3 will be ready to output print data after 1791 mark transitions (right to left), buffer B2 after 3662 such transitions and buffer B1 after 4996 such transitions. In the reverse printing mode the firing sequence algorithm is different from the left to right printing mode, viz: gate group G1 enabled at the mark transition, and other gates enabled in sequential order of smallest to largest complementary phase spacing from P1. That is, the phase spacing for gate enablement is now the phase complement of the above-described left-to-right phase spacing. Thus in the given example the gate group enablement sequence would be G1, G4 (complementary phase spacing 1.00-0.91=0.09)), G2 (complementary phase spacing 0.23) and G3 (complementary phase spacing 0.88). Hence, G1 would be enabled on the encoder mark, G4 enabled 27 intra-mark counts after G1, G2 enabled 69 intra-mark counts after G1 and G3 enabled 264 intra-mark counts after G1.
The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
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Imagen original


text:
Most of the time, I'd say imagination is a good thing. A great thing, even.
But sometimes, I think it can be a bit of a nuisance. It can get out of hand.
Take this street sign, for example:
I see it all the time on my way to and from my house.
Except when I see it, this is what I'm always picturing in my head:
Someone taking a leak. It's a bit crude, I know...but this is what imagination does. I see things that no one else sees. At least I hope no one else sees this. There shouldn't be more than one of us running around visualizing this on merge signs.

subset: commoncrawl


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High-scoring forward Kyle Reynolds has committed to joining the University of Vermont men's hockey team in September, he confirmed Friday afternoon.
Reynolds, 21, helped lead the Okotoks Oilers to the Alberta Junior Hockey League's South Division regular-season title by leading the league in scoring with 78 points, including 38 goals.
Reynolds visited the UVM campus Monday and Tuesday, saying Friday, "It's a beautiful place and with all the old brick buildings, it's something I've never seen.
"It felt right. I felt comfortable with the guys on the team now," said Reynolds, who also visited North Dakota and had drawn interest from several schools in the WCHA.
The 5-foot-8, 163-pound native of Sylvan Lake, Alberta, was a finalist for the league's most valuable player award and was named to the AJHL South Division all-league team. He set Okotoks career records for goals scored (79) and points (165) and tied the team's single-season scoring record of 78 points.
"Kyle is very dynamic offensive forward that has elite speed and puck skills," said Okotoks coach James Poole via email. "Kyle's ability to execute, read & react at top speed is an attribute that separates him from others.
"UVM is also getting a quality person as he is very well respected by teammates and coaches for his committed approach to the game and character on & off the ice."
"My strength for sure would be my speed. I'm a smaller player, so I need that speed," said Reynolds, a left wing. "I think I'm a scorer, to be honest. In my junior career, I have more goals than assists and you don't see that much. I can put the puck in the net, especially this year."
Reynolds said he knows he must improve his physical strength for the challenges of Hockey East.
Under UVM and NCAA rules, Vermont coach Kevin Sneddon cannot comment on a recruit until the student-athlete has been admitted to the university and has signed a letter-of-intent.
Reynolds will join forwards Zemgus Girgensens, Colin Markison, Kyle Mountain and Mike Montagna and defensemen Blake Doerring, Nick Luukko and Mike Paliotta in the Class of '15. UVM is also expected to add at least one forward and possibly a defenseman to the class.


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WARRENSBURG - The top-achieving seniors at Warrensburg High School were announced this week by Principal Douglas Duell.
The Top Ten students of the Class of 2009 are Nicole Newell, Erika Gundel, Teagan Rafferty, Dakota Fuller, Callee Baker, Justin Sabattis, Davida Paniccia, Casey Combs, Katarina Edwards and Noah Davis.
Nicole Newell is the daughter of Shane and Diane Newell of Warrensburg. Nicole is vice president of the National Honor Society, a member of Junior State of America, and the Drama Club. She is president of the school chorus and has participated in NYSMA and CASMA regional music competitions. Nicole has served as a peer leader and a peer mentor during her school career. She is an accomplished dancer and gymnast. She is also a member of the choir at her church. Nicole will attend Skidmore College, and she plans to major in Liberal Arts.
Erika Gundel is the daughter of Erik and Lisa Gundel of Warrensburg. Erika is secretary of the National Honor Society, in the Drama Club, and serves on the yearbook staff. She was a peer mentor and peer leader. Erika has played field hockey all through high school. She is currently the Student Council treasurer. Erika will attend Siena College this fall, majoring in Biology.
Teagan Rafferty is the daughter of Stephen and Starr Rafferty of Warrensburg. Teagan is a member of the National Honor Society, Junior State of America, and the Home Economics Club. She was the secretary of her Junior class. Teagan is an avid soccer player but has also played softball, tennis, and basketball. Teagan will attend Adirondack Community College, on scholarship, majoring in Mathematics.
Dakota Fuller is the son of Wayne Fuller and Andrea Hayes of Warrensburg. Dakota is the treasurer of the National Honor Society, has been a peer leader and a peer mentor. He is in the school band and Home Economics Club. Dakota has also been the scorekeeper of several sports teams. Dakota will attend Adirondack Community College on scholarship next school year, majoring in Science.
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It seems that the year of the Water Snake will yet be another controversial one for the entertainment industry, as locally renowned psychics predict pregnancies, splits, accidents, deaths, and other happenings that may occur this year.
Speaking in a two-part exclusive aired on "The Buzz," Sunday, psychic and radio show "Pinoy Vibes" host Stargazer disclosed, "[A] young teen actress might get pregnant... baka towards the middle of the year, or end of the year."
On his part, Bro. Mhon, resident psychic of Rising Star Horoscope, revealed without batting an eyelash, "Maraming mabubuntis sa channel 2, stars po. Mga batang-bata pa po." Offering a clue to their identities, he divulged that their names begin with any of the letters R, S, M, L, O, and A.
Unexpected pregnancies aside, Stargazer said that "a popular TV host," whose husband is also in showbiz, "will get pregnant," adding that the host may be a former ABS-CBN ward.
Bro. Mhon cautioned celebrities whose names begin with A or R or M to "watch out for their love relationships." "Marami pong sigalot at hiwalayang magaganap," he added.
On a more serious matter, Stargazer saw that two comedians "na matanda na" might encounter serious health problems that may lead to "[a] sudden heart attack." She also cautioned a "young actor" to be careful at work, "'yung halimbawa, kung nagte-taping [o] nagshu-shoot," as he might befall an accident.
"Hindi naman siya fatal pero medyo grabe-grabeng aksidente. May aksidenteng sa tubig," she related.
Bro. Mhon, on the other hand, asserted that two directors will pass on this year, as well as two veteran actors - a male and a female. "Sa mga vehicular accidents po ito," he said.
Meanwhile, the psychics took turns revealing the fortunes for this year of some of the most popular Kapamilya stars today.
Kris Aquino
Stargazer foretold that the loquacious Queen of All Media will be facing trials "emotionally, [with] family relations, 'yung mga tao sa paligid niya." She said that Kris then "must be able to review 'yung relationships ng nakapaligid sa kanya."
On the other hand, Bro. Mhon said that Kris' love life "is still questionable," adding, "no wedding plans... matumal po."
Boy Abunda
Both Stargazer and Bro. Mhon saw only good things for the award-winning TV host. Boy, whom Stargazer said "always is very prayerful," "will overcome anything." She added that the condition of the host's beloved ailing mother, Nanay Lesing, will improve. Bro. Mhon, on his part, said that Boy's career "is on the upswing," even boldly predicting that he "can even have a cabinet position someday appointed by either PNoy or the next president of the country."
Judy Ann Santos-Agoncillo
The actress and current host of "Masterchef Pinoy Edition" might have a challenging time this year, as Stargazer revealed, "She has to make a choice between career or 'yung magbuntis siya ulit."
Angeline Quinto
The young belter, according to Bro. Mhon, will have "a very serious relationship" with someone who's involved with hosting. Stargazer said, "Okay naman siya mag-love life, walang problema kasi mai-inspire." As for Angeline's career, she said, "['yung] career niya is still there, ang ganda."
Richard Yap
The actor whose known by many as Papa Chen of "My Binondo Girl" and Sir Chief of "Be Careful With My Heart" was advised by Stargazer to "mag-lie low ng konti" with his career, but assured that "may projects pa rin si Sir Chief."
However, Richard, a family man, might face a controversy this year as Bro. Mhon claimed that "[a] rich woman, someday, will be involved with Richard. A daughter of a rich family, non-showbiz."
Toni Gonzaga
Stargazer believes that 2013 "is a year of careful evaluation of her life."
"Pag-usapan nila ng boyfriend which is more important, career or the personal life [na] lalagay sa tahimik?" she added. However, Bro. Mhon made yet another daring prediction by saying that she and longtime boyfriend, director Paul Soriano, will be hounded by third party relationship issues "involving the man, not Toni Gonzaga."
Piolo Pascual
Bankable actor Piolo Pascual might remain loveless this year, according to Bro. Mhon. Stargazer simply put, "Mahihirapan siyang maghanap ng babae para sa kanya."
KC Concepcion
Stargazer and Bro. Mhon have contradicting predictions for the Megastar's daughter. While the former claimed that her love life "will be on the rise," what with suitors continuing to woo her "...at saka mukhang merong specific na magpu-pursue [sa kanya], the latter said that it's "not so good... to have her love life for 2013."
Vice Ganda
The comedian and "It's Showtime" host will allegedly face controversies, "isa about do'n sa boyfriend, and 'yung tungkol sa... siguro sa attitude," according to Stargazer. Due to these, she cautioned him to "be careful with his emotions."
In addition to these two challenges, Bro. Mhon said that Vice will likewise face a "family problem." On another note, he added, "Magbabago na naman ang love life ni Vice Ganda. A new man is coming, a basketball star in the making."
Anne Curtis
Vice's "Showtime" co-host Anne Curtis, girlfriend of Erwan Heussaff, was advised by Bro. Mhon to tie the knot by 2014. He explained, "Too much intriga po ang magiging dahilan. Proposal po 'yan, pero minsan po nauudlot po kasi kapag may nakikialam na mga magulang. 'Yan po ang problema ng dalawang ito."
On the other hand, Stargazer believes that Anne's love life might get interesting this year. "Mukhang merong spark ang kanyang 2013, pero siguro ayoko na lang din i-detalye," she said.
Coco Martin
Now doesn't seem to be the right time for the indie and mainstream favorite Coco to rest on his laurels just yet. As Stargazer predicted, "There will come a time na may hihigit sa kanya... na kumbaga prinsipe rin ng teleserye eh."
"So habang ngayon hot siya, samantalahin niya," she advised.
As for his love life, Bro. Mhon sees no "definite lucky woman" yet for him. "He will remain to be still bankable, sought after man pero walang definite woman na ka-relasyon."


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In a 5-4 ruling split along ideological lines, the Supreme Court held that a twenty year old federal law limiting government burdens on the free exercise of religion allowed closely-held corporations to opt out of providing insurance coverage for certain contraceptions.
The case, Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores Hobby Lobby Stores, opens the door to more religious objections to federal laws by corporations and maintains the Court's sharp ideological divisions on the nation's most charged social issues.
The litigants in the case – Hobby Lobby and Conestoga Wood Specialties – were both family-owned corporations who objected to providing insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act for a select set of contraceptives based on religious grounds.
Neither the litigants nor the Court doubted the sincerity of their beliefs. Instead, arguing on behalf of the government, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) contended that as for-profit corporations, the companies did not practice religion.
The Court's ruling largely avoided a First Amendment analysis in finding that the owners of a closely-held corporation could reflect their religious principles through their companies. It instead focused on the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), the 1993 law enacted to protect religious rights even from laws not intended to curb religious expression. "By enacting RFRA," Justice Samuel Alito wrote for the majority, "Congress went far beyond what this Court has held is constitutionally required."
According to the Court, Hobby Lobby and Conestoga met the law's two requirements. Forcing them to provide the types of contraceptive services that in their eyes amounted to abortion imposed a "substantial burden on religious exercise," Alito wrote. For bucking the ACA's requirements, Hobby Lobby would alone have to pay $475 million a year in penalties.
Under the RFRA, the HHS also had to use the "least restrictive means" to reach its goal of guaranteeing contraceptives to women. This standard, Alito pointed out, "is exceptionally demanding." The Court found that instead of imposing such a heavy monetary penalty on the companies, the government could have chosen an easily available alternative. HHS had already exempted non-profit religious organizations from providing insurance coverage for similar contraceptives. To fill the gap, the agency accommodated these non-profits by creating a government-sponsored plan to provide these contraceptives. The Court concluded that the government could easily transfer the affected Hobby Lobby and Conestoga employees to this government plan.
Like many other controversial social issues, the Court again divided along ideological lines. Justice Anthony Kennedy, who had sided with his liberal colleagues last year on the same-sex marriage cases now sided with his conservative brethren. In a concurring opinion, Kennedy tried to diminish the "breadth and sweep" ascribed to the ruling by the dissent – perhaps an attempt to cast the stakes involved in the case in lighter terms.
That didn't stop Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg from issuing the type of blistering dissent which seems to have grown in popularity in recent years. While the Court has been far less fractured under Chief Justice John Roberts than his predecessor, it remains sharply divided on the issues that Americans most care about – abortion, gay marriage, and race. Though the Court – an unelected body – is perhaps not the ideal forum to hash out these differences, its views are a fair reflection of the nation's divisions.


text:
Posted 2 years ago
By Post Staff
A Chadron woman has been arrested for allegedly trying to illegally obtain the prescription drug Ambien, a Schedule IV sedative used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. 40-year old Alyssa Eide was arrested Thursday and remains in custody.
Chadron Police Chief Tim Lordino says an investigation began after Eide called in a prescription to a local pharmacy using a false name and a doctor's Drug Enforcement Administration's number.
Investigators then discovered that Eide had been been using multiple doctors to prescribe Ambien for her, and that she'd filled the prescriptions at pharmacies all across the Panhandle
She was arrested Alyssa Eide for violating a part of state statute that makes it illegal to knowingly or intentionally obtain or attempt to obtain possession of a controlled substance by theft, misrepresentation, fraud, forgery, deception, or subterfuge.
The WING/HIDTA Drug and Violent Crime Task force, which is partially funded through a grant by the Nebraska Crime Commission, assisted the Chadron police in the case.
Schedule IV drugs are not normally the subject of drug cases. They're described by the DEA as substances, or chemicals with a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence.


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The quarterly results came as the struggling bookseller's chairman said he is abandoning his bid for the company's retail stores.
Barnes & Noble is reviewing its strategy in the wake of CEO William Lynch's departure in June and continuing declines in Nook revenue, a unit the company has invested heavily in. In a call with investors, Barnes & Noble Michael Huseby, president of Barnes & Noble and CEO of its Nook business, said the 4-year-old Nook business has had some success, with 10 million devices sold and a 22 percent share in the e-book market. But he said there have been missteps.
"We have faced an increasingly challenging competitive landscape and, as it turned out, we were overly optimistic the past two holiday seasons, forecasting demand for our Nook devices falling far short of our expectations," he said in a call with investors.
In June, Barnes & Noble said it would explore making its color Nook devices with a third-party manufacturer. On Tuesday Huseby elaborated, saying the company continues to design and develop both black-and-white and color Nook devices, with at least one new Nook due out for the holiday season and more products in development. He said the company already works with third-party manufacturers for parts of the device such as screens and microchips, and there are opportunities to expand those relationships.
He declined to give any specifics on a possible partner for the color devices, however, saying "we will report our progress on these issues at the appropriate time."
The company's top priority with Nook, he said, is to target existing Nook customers and increase how much they spend on content for the device.
"We are working on innovative ways to sell content to our existing customers and are exploring new markets we can serve successfully," he said.
Barnes & Noble has been dealing with major changes in the book industry. It faces tough competition from discounters such as Amazon and a shift toward electronic readers.
On Tuesday, Chairman Leonard Riggio dealt the company another blow, saying he is ending a bid for the company's bookstores.
"While I reserve the right to pursue an offer in the future, I believe it is in the company's best interests to focus on the business at hand," he said in an SEC filing. He added that the company's top priorities should be serving its 10 million Nook customers and accelerating sales of Nook products in stores and elsewhere.
The company's net loss for the three months ended July 27 totaled $87 million, or $1.56 per share. That compares with a loss of $39.8 million, or 76 cents per share, last year.
Excluding a non-cash valuation allowance against some deferred tax assets, the loss totaled 86 cents per share. Analysts expected 81 cents per share, according to FactSet.
Revenue fell nearly 9 percent to $1.33 billion from $1.45 billion last year. Analysts expected $1.32 billion. Revenue fell 10 percent to $1 billion at retail stores and rose 5 percent to $226 million at college bookstores. Nook revenue fell 39 percent to $143 million.
Revenue at stores open at least one year fell 9.1 percent. The measure is a key retail metric because it excludes volatility from stores that opened or closed during the year. Excluding the Nook, the measure fell 7.2 percent.
Barnes & Noble reaffirmed full-year guidance. It continues to expect revenue in stores open at least one year to fall in the high single digit percentage range at retail stores and the low single digits at college stores.
Shares fell $2.06, or 12.4 percent, to close at $14.61 on Tuesday. The stock has traded between $11.17 and $23.71 over the past 52 weeks.
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(KTVI) – Christmas is a week from today and many of you are thinking or screaming, "there's not enough time!" That just happens to be the title of Life Coach Jill Farmer's new book.
Why does this time of year feel so overwhelming for people?
Added tasks
A definite deadline
"Time bomb" mentality
Fight or flight sabotage
You say some of us are actually addicted to being busy?
Busy as a worth-o-meter
Compare and despair
What can we do to get the most done in our time available?
Notice (reverses the brain reaction/sabotage)
Recognize there "is enough" time because we all have the same 24 hours.
Choose To vs. Have To
Get "There's Not Enough Time" from Amazon.com.


text:
Regular Admission
Students must have attended a recognized, accredited academic institution; have a cumulative GPA of at least 2.0 on a 4.0 scale on all transferrable college-level coursework attempted, and be in good standing at their previous institution. (All grades including Fs, will be considered for calculation of GPA to determine admission to TWU).
Assured Admission
Students who have earned the degree of Associate of Arts or Associate of Science from a regionally-accredited college in the State of Texas, and are in good standing with that institution are assured admission to TWU.
*Note: Several departments have higher grade point average requirements for enrollment in advanced or upper-division course work. Developmental coursework is not transferable.
Transient, Non-Degree or Visiting Student
Transient and Non-Degree Seeking Students are those not planning to pursue a degree at Texas Woman's University, but may transfer courses from TWU to another institution. Students must be in good standing with their last institution attended and meet the required 2.0 GPA for transfer admission. A completed transfer application, application fee, and official transcript from their most recent institution attended (must show last 12 hours completed) will be required for admission.
Students Seeking Second Bachelor's Degree or Post-Baccalaureate Credit
Applicants who are seeking their second undergraduate degree, or are seeking to take undergraduate courses after already receiving a degree must submit a completed application for transfer admission, application fee, and official transcripts from all institutions attended (including verification of the bachelor's degree awarded). Admission to the university does not imply admission to a specific college, program, or major.
Students who have attended TWU in the past as an undergraduate student may be eligible for undergraduate readmission. Readmission applicants are expected to meet the regular criteria for transfer admission.
The following would be required to submit a transfer ApplyTexas application, any additional or updated official transcripts, if applicable, and pay the application fee: freshmen that take 12 or more college-level credit hours at another institution prior to attending TWU; and former or admitted students who have not enrolled within one year.
Applications for readmission should be completed and submitted via ApplyTexas.org at least two weeks prior to registration to ensure adequate processing and notification. Individual TWU schools, colleges, or programs may have additional readmission requirements. Students should contact the specific academic departments for readmission information.
page updated 7/23/2015 11:00 AM


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Smart Solar San Rafael II Solar Mission Lantern$35.39Path LightsPath LightsDecorative LightsWall Spot LightsLamp Post LightsHomebrite Solar Power Olympus Path Lights - Set of 8(11 review)Sale Price:$90.77Homebrite Solar Power Sierra Path Lights - Set of 8- Stainless Steel(2 review)Sale Price:$109.99Red Carpet Studios Teardrop Solar Light(2 review)Sale Price:$29.00Homebrite Solar Power Rockwell Path Lights - Set of 12(9 review)Sale Price:$79.95Moonrays Solar Powered Tiki Torch Path LightPrice:$24.99Gama Sonic Multipurpose Solar Lantern - Set of 2Price:$74.00Homebrite Solar Power Belmont Path Lights - Set of 12(5 review)Sale Price:$74.95Pure Garden Outdoor Solar Yard Pathway Lights - Set of 6Price:$34.99Outdoor Lighting Techniques
What Satisfied Customers Are Sayinglike the metalBy Christine from Phoenix, AZ on 8/2/2015Finally a metal post to put into the ground. All of the plastic ones are hard to insert in my ground.Pretty LanternBy Hao-Ming from Arlington, MA on 7/10/2015Before I bought this, I was looking for lantern that holds real candles. I am glad I purchased this instead. It is well designed and looks very pretty. It's not made by metal, but it surely looks like made by metal. I will highly recommend this product.Exceent Replacement for 15 yr old lightsBy Frederick from Minneapolis, MN on 7/9/2015Installed effortlessly and worked first nightBest EverBy Angela from OMAHA, NE on 7/3/2015They are BRIGHT! Over the years we have gone thru many landscape solar lights but these are worth the money.Quite Beautiful Solar LightBy Bruce from Zirconia, NC on 6/28/2015Although it took 3 attempts to get a satisfactory product, my 2 solar lamp posts are simply stunning. I am very impressed with the amount of light broadcast. Hopefully the water resistance issue has been resolved.Show More Great Reviews
Efficient Ambiance
Hit the market in support of environmentally conscious living. LED solar garden lights are accessible and user-friendly. The majority of solar lights require little more assembly than battery installation. Simply place them in a choice sunny location and wait for sunset.
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A small solar panel on the lamp collects light energy from the sun and uses it to charge an internal battery. A device called a photoresistor activates the battery when little or no light is detected. The battery powers an LED bulb to emit glowing light. When placed in direct sunlight, these lamps can provide eight to ten hours of light at night.
Now that you've got the low-down on their usability, discover the various styles of solar garden lights.
For a natural effect we suggest lights with a rugged, rock-like exterior. Elegant path lights are a classic choice for outdoor walkways or driveways. Hanging lanterns offer embellishment for trees, patios, and tabletops. Whatever your style, solar lights will keep your energy bill in check, as well as your environmental footprint.
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Topps Are Bringing Back Star Wars Trading Cards... In Digital Form
Ah, trading cards. We all amassed piles of them when we were younger, be it Pokémon, Star Wars, sports or whatever. Now, at least for their Star Wars line, Topps are bringing the cards back... as part of a digital app that is literally nothing other than buying pictures on your phone. »


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Wednesday, October 30, 2013
Junior running back Christian Reyes rushed for 181 yards and set the school single-season rushing record to carry Charleston Southern to a 36-14 win over Charlotte on Saturday at Buccaneer Field.
The Buccaneers, now 8-1, moved within a win of the school record of nine in a season. CSU finishes the season with four straight Big South games.
CSU continued its outstanding start under first-year head coach Jamey Chadwell before a sellout crowd of over 4,300 fans at Buccaneer Field. The Bucs bounced back from their first loss of the season to defeat a Charlotte team that will move up to the FBS and Conference USA in 2015.
"The homecoming crowd was a big influence," Chadwell said. "This was the first time a lot of these people were able to see what we were about. There is an energy, a spirit around campus, and the stands have been packed. It's been great to see."
Reyes set the record on his opening carry, a 14-yard run to set the tone.
The Bucs piled up a season-high 375 yards rushing and averaged 6.1 yards per carry to wear down the 49ers. Freshman quarterback Danny Croghan III again showcased his strong arm in returning to the lineup after missing last week's game at Colorado, completing 15 of 22 passes for 173 yards and two touchdowns. CSU tallied a season-high 548 yards of total offense and held the football for 41:22.
Charlotte (4-4) was still within 21-14 entering the fourth quarter, but CSU's defense came up with a safety and forced two turnovers to lead the Bucs to 15 unanswered points and cement the victory.
CSU returns to the road on Saturday, traveling to take on Presbyterian at Bailey Memorial Stadium in Clinton.
Kickoff between the Bucs and Blue Hose is scheduled for 2 p.m.
The Blue Hose is 3-4 after defeating Point 49-19 last Saturday.
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Bank of Colorado Routing Number and Bank of Colorado Locations
The Bank of Colorado is a family-run bank that is deeply rooted in Colorado. They have grown from a small rural bank into a regional organization that has assets of over $6.25 billion USD. They can trace their origins back to 1900 and were officially created in 1978 when The Bank of Fort Lupton and Pinnacle Bancorp merged. They offer personal banking, business banking, agricultural banking and loans as well as insurance services and mortgages. The Bank of Colorado now has over 115 locations and is in Nebraska, Colorado, Texas, Wyoming, New Mexico, Missouri, Kansas and Iowa. Their motto is "The Way Banking Should Be".


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Saranac Lake It didn't take long for Saranac Lake Village Board members to settle in to their new home on the second floor of the Harrietstown Town Hall during the Jan. 23 meeting, the first one since moving from the old village offices at 3 Main St. a week prior.
The sometimes contentious proceedings — with Mayor Clyde Rabideau strictly enforcing Robert's Rules of Order — made for a few tense moments, none more so than when trustees reached Bill 15 on the agenda, an agreement with the Ausable Valley Grange to host the Saranac Lake Farmers' Market each Saturday from June 2 to Oct. 13 in Riverside Park. Aside from the dates, it was the same exact contract the board approved in 2011, according to trustees.
Trustee Elias "Allie" Pelletieri's motion to table the bill passed by 3 to 1, with trustees Tom Catillaz and John McEneany voting in favor and Trustee Jeff Branch voting against.
"We should be really cautious on how we use the parks during our prime (time) of the year," Pelletieri said, adding that the board is currently reviewing the land use for the park and updating its comprehensive plan.
Pelletieri's reasons to wait until April 9 to pass Bill 15 were varied, and he wanted to change a few items in the agreement before the board approved it.
"They want to keep the name the Saranac Lake Farmers' Market," Pelletieri said. "I'm not sure we should be selling our name to it ... maybe a Saranac Lake Saturday Market, because if another market wanted to come to town and use our name on Tuesday or something, I don't know why these people should have the exclusive rights to something they're only using one day."
When it came time to pass Bill 17 – an agreement for Daffest organizers to use Riverside Park in late April – Branch objected and wondered why Pelletieri could pass the Daffest request and not the Farmer's Market request.
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Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Reporting Cookbook
Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Reporting Cookbook
Book Details
About This Book
- Practical recipes for creating and managing reports
- Illustrated step-by-step examples that can be adopted in real time
- Complete explanations of the report model and program model for reports
- Examples of all types of report formats including chart, matrix, tabular in precision, and auto design
- Ready-to-use fixes and tips for real-time reporting challenges
Who This Book Is For
"Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Reporting Cookbook" is recommended for Dynamics AX developers and .NET-based SSRS developers looking to familiarize themselves with the AX reporting framework. A basic understanding of Morphx and X++ is assumed but the step-by-step instructions make it easy even for a beginner. Some examples use C# and VB.NET, so experience with Visual Studio is a plus, but not a must.
Table of Contents
What You Will Learn
- Create and deploy reports
- Understand the report programming flow
- Modify the reporting framework
- Create RDP-based reports
- Design tabular matrix and chart-based reports
- Debug reports, the reporting framework, and business logic
- Migrate reports from the legacy reporting framework
- Use web services, OLAP, and external data sources to create your report
- Learn how to approach report modifications
In Detail
Dynamics AX 2012 is a modern ERP solution from Microsoft that is targeted at the mid-and-high-level organizations. It is seeing an increased rate of adoption due to its tighter integration with the Microsoft technology stack and the flexibility it offers.
"Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Reporting Cookbook" focuses mainly on the reporting aspects of Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012. Reports play a very central role in an ERP system being accessible to customers, vendors, top management and the shop floor. Every ERP implementation includes reporting changes as companies try to refit the reports to their standards and processes. As a Dynamics AX developer, reporting skills are a must-have and this book intends to make report development easier and simpler.
"Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Reporting Cookbook" deals with the SSRS-based reporting framework introduced with Dynamics AX 2012. It explains the reporting model in detail and offers instruction-led examples to help you understand the nuances involved in developing a report.
Throughout this book, you will learn how to build your own reports based on Queries, RDP, and different designs like Auto/Precision designs. You will also gain an understanding of the programmatic flow, which will help you develop reports with confidence. You will find different approaches to debug issues in your reports. The examples offered in this book can be readily used in your real-world scenarios. This book also offers strategies for new reports as well as for migrating your reports from the old reporting framework and development. Report designs like table, matrix, and charts have been discussed with examples. There are also tips, tools and references spread across the book that can hasten your report development process.
Overall, this book will guarantee you a deeper understanding of report development in Dynamics AX.


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If William Shakespeare's ascendancy over Western theatre has not extended to the opera stage—a fact explained by the want of Shakespeare-congenial librettists, the literary indifference of composers, and the difficulties involved in setting iambic pentameters to music—the Shakespeare canon has nonetheless established itself as one of the great inspirers of operas. This is clear from the 200-odd operas based on Shakespeare's plays, about half a dozen of which are among the rare monuments of operatic achievement. It is further demonstrated by an even more extended series of furtive references—moments of other operas that show signs of unmistakable Shakespearean family resemblance without any declared genealogical link to their source. Shakespeare's plays have thus given rise, side by side, to a "legitimate" operatic offspring and to an anonymous operatic dissemination, a recorded and an unrecorded history of Shakespeare on the opera stage.
Opera derived from Shakespeare
The necessity of accommodating the formal unruliness and many-faceted characters of Shakespeare's theatre to the succession of recitative and aria, elaborate scenery, and other conventions of opera makes adaptation of Shakespeare a hazardous business. Actor-manager David Garrick's opera version of The Tempest (1756) was accused of "castrating" Shakespeare's original play, while Lord Byron (in an 1818 letter to the poet Samuel Rogers) berated Gioacchino Rossini's librettist for "crucifying" Othello (1816).
Henry Purcell's The Fairy Queen (1692) is usually dubbed the first Shakespearean opera. Its music, however, is confined to interludes within a curtailed A Midsummer Night's Dream. Only in Dido and Aeneas (1689) did Purcell have the chance to write music for a tragic heroine of mythical status. Purcell's only real opera, written for a cast of young girls, displays distinctly Shakespearean influences that can be safely ascribed to his librettist, the poet and playwright Nahum Tate, who was familiar with the canon. Tate consistently "improved" Shakespeare to suit new audience tastes, the most famous instance being the happy ending he appended to King Lear (Tate's King Lear of 1681—in which Cordelia not only lives but marries Edgar—was in fact the only version to be presented on the English stage for the next 150 years). For Dido and Aeneas, Tate actually followed Virgil quite faithfully, with the exception of the addition of two Macbeth-inspired witch scenes that both complicate the action and introduce a considerable measure of doubt about the role of destiny in Aeneas's decisions; Mercury here becomes a mere decoy sent by the witches to trick Aeneas with the overall purpose of hurting Dido. Yet this addition established a Shakespearean dimension that made this short opera appropriate for use as a "play within a play" in performances of Measure for Measure on the London stage in 1700. Indeed, such insertions of musical pieces in or after Shakespeare's plays were customary in the 18th century: George Frideric Handel's pastoral Acis and Galatea, for example, was performed at Drury Lane in 1724 as an afterpiece for The Tempest.
Opera seria and opera buffa
It is tantalizing, with regard to Shakespearean dramaturgy, to note that opera was born in Florence in 1600—about the time that Hamlet first voiced Shakespeare's views on acting. Shakespeare and the theorists of opera expressed similar concerns about language and performance. (See also Sidebar: Shakespeare on Theatre.) Opera prospered, and Venice started opening public opera houses in 1637; in 1642 Puritan London closed its theatres. Italian opera reached London only at the beginning of the 18th century, when it immediately became a fashion and divided the public. Shakespeare was called upon in this contest: the "rude mechanicals' " play from A Midsummer Night's Dream was turned into a caricature of Italian opera in Richard Leveridge's A Comick Masque of Pyramus and Thisbe (1716). Some 30 years later (1745), J.F. Lampe revived the book as a "mock opera," complete with rage aria and contrived happy ending.
More antagonistic still were the reactions to Italian opera written on Shakespearean librettos. Francesco Gasparini's Ambleto (Hamlet), having been played throughout Europe, was taken to London in 1712 by the celebrated castrato Nicolini but quickly disappeared from the scene. Francesco Maria Veracini's Rosalinda (1744)—As You Like It staged as a polite Italian pastoral and written for a cast of female and castrato sopranos—suffered the same fate. Gli equivoci, an opera buffa by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's only English disciple, Stephen Storace, presents a different case. Written on a libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte (much in the spirit of his—and Mozart's—The Marriage of Figaro) and auspiciously received in 1786 at the Vienna Burgtheater (now the Hofburgtheater) and throughout Germany, Gli equivoci, which is the only known setting of The Comedy of Errors, was considered too "Mozartian" and never made its way to London.
Others, such as J.C. Smith and the aforementioned David Garrick, both used and challenged the Italian opera fashion. While their opera on The Tempest, as well as The Fairies (1755), where the Prologue jokingly attributes authorship to a "Signor Shakespearelli," were poorly received, Garrick's Tempest book was successfully revived in 1777 with music by the remarkable Thomas Linley (1756–78). Throughout the 18th century, The Tempest, like A Midsummer Night's Dream, was never actually performed except as a musical entertainment.
After the turn of the century, composers of opera buffa (such as Antonio Salieri) and German singspiel (such as Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf) turned their eyes to Shakespeare's more farcical vein. In 1849 Otto Nicolai, having declared that only Mozart could do justice to Shakespeare, wrote a successful opera on Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor (The Merry Wives of Windsor). Hermann Goetz's Der Widerspenstigen Zähmung (1874; The Taming of the Shrew) made Kate fall in love with Petruchio almost at first sight—mutating Shakespeare's self-confident antiheroine into a hochdramatisch 19th-century hysteric.


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Select Industry
Since geotextiles have been developed by the textile industry, geotextile properties were first measured by textile tests.It soon became evident that these tests were not related to the real behaviour of the geotextile, especially once it is placed in contact with the soil. Institutes in different countries developed new test equipment and test methods more appropriate to the geotextile end-uses. But this also made it more difficult to compare the various products from different countries. Since several years the European Standard Tests provide a common basis and are accepted not only throughout the European Union but throughout Europe and have widely been adopted by ISO (International Standard Organisation).
Descriptive properties
Mass per Unit Area EN ISO 9864 – The mass is determined by the weight of small samples of known size which have been taken along the full width and length of the sample. Thickness at specified pressures EN ISO 9863-1. The thickness of the geotextile is determined at pressures from 2 kPa to 200 kPa, which simulates the geotextile being in service.
Mechanical porperties
Grab Strength ASTM D4632A
A continually increasing load is applied longitudinally to the specimen and the test is carried to rupture. Values for the maximum grab strength and elongation of the test specimen are measured. This test simulates the geotextile being subjected to tensile stress as surface pressure is applied and the stone base attempts to move sideways.
Hydraulic properties
Water permeability (Velocity Index) EN ISO 11058
Constant head method: A single layer of the geotextile specimen is subjected to a unidirectional flow of water normal to the plane under a range of constant water heads.Falling head method: Like the constant head method but with falling water head. The result is the velocity index (VH50) in m/s corresponding to a head loss of 50 mm across a specimen, expressed to the nearest 1 mm-1.
Permeability under load DIN 60500-4
The permeability perpendicular to the plane is measured under a constant water head and a range of different loads. This is particularly interesting when comparing geotextiles of different thickness.
* R.M.Koerner,Designing with Geotextiles,p.110,Fourth Edition, 1999,Prentice Hall
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Hang tight!
Recipe by sal
"You can serve these pancakes for breakfast or dinner! Biscuit mix is combined with yogurt, eggs, onion and bell peppers. A garnish of parsley and diced tomatoes completes the dish."
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1/2 cup
vanilla fat-free yogurt
1 1/4 cups
biscuit baking mix
1 tablespoon
vegetable oil
onion, diced
1/2 cup
chopped green bell pepper
1/2 cup
chopped red bell pepper
1 teaspoon
chopped fresh parsley
1 small
tomato, diced
This was just okay. Not very "veggie" considering there is only bell peppers and onions. It tasted good cold the next day. I added grated fresh parmesean cheese and it was better. If you want a heartier veggie patty, try the zucchini patties on this site. I've rated that one as well and gave it 5 stars.
Delicious. A great alternative to traditional sweet pancakes. I added mushrooms and jalapeno pepper. My husband and I ate them for breakfast with a little margarine and dipped in ketchup. Definitely a recipe I will continue to make.
4 Ratings
My family enjoyed these for dinner. We had syrup on them, but I bet they'd be good with salsa and sour cream. I also added some minced rign bologna I had left over. I will definitely make again.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Veggie Griddle Cakes
Serving Size: 1/2 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 2
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 543
Calories from Fat: 212
Hard to believe, but many kids will be back in school at the end of the month. Get ready.
You won't believe all the things you can do with cauliflower. It's a great low-carb option.
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Delicious, homemade crab cakes that come together quickly.
Discover the secret that makes these crabless cakes taste like the real deal.
Your favorite veggies stir-fried with a mild garlic, ginger, and soy sauce.


text: Mayfel'sOnlineContactPhone - Email - Address22 College StreetAsheville, NC 28801PhonePrimary - (828) 252-8842TripAdvisor Traveler RatingBased on 455 reviews Mayfel's serves good, wholesome food, made by hand. We use quality, fresh produce. Our menu is reasonably priced. Full ABC permits and drink specials. Front outside and courtyard dining. AmenitiesTripAdvisorTripAdvisor Traveler RatingBased on 455 reviewsSee all 455 reviews.Write a review.Serves breakfastServes dinnerServes lunchTake out / delivery