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Escape on an amazing holiday to Spain with Teletext Holidays. Take your pick of cheap holidays to popular Costa Brava, Costa Blanca or Costa del Sol on the mainland, relaxing escapes to the Balearic Islands, exciting getaways to the Canaries or city breaks to Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia.
Mainland Spain is renowned for its historic cities, beautiful country landscapes, miles of idyllic coastline and delicious food, so it's no surprise that its one the most popular destinations for Brits each year. Costa del Sol, Costa Blanca and Costa Brava are some of the most popular resorts so why not take advantage of some our fantastic all inclusive, package holidays.
Of our selection of bargain holidays in Spain, the Balearics is another hot favourite! The Balearic Islands composed of Majorca, Ibiza and Menorca; offers a combination of late night partying for the fun seekers, scenic hiking for the adventurers as well as quiet family resorts for those looking for a bit more relaxation.
The Canary Islands are ideal for year-round sun. These popular islands offer some of the best holiday resorts in Spain with a thriving part scene, idyllic beaches and plenty of water sport activities. If its adventure you are after, be sure to visit the sand dunes of Gran Canaria or Mount Teide in beautiful Tenerife.
Why not escape on an exciting break to one of Spain's favourite cities? Explore historic Madrid, soak up some culture and sun in Barcelona or feast on paella in vibrant Valencia. Each region of Spain likes to stay autonomous, so each stay can feel like being in a different country.
There are countless flights to around 30 destinations in mainland Spain, the Balearics and Canaries with a combination of no frills, charter and scheduled airlines.
You can take a ferry to Bilbao from Portsmouth and there are ferries from Barcelona and Valencia to the Balearics, should you fancy combining the two. Once in Spain there's a good train system, with high speed links between major cities and slower country trains along the coasts. Car hire is reasonable if you book before you travel, and an excellent choice if you are travelling independently or want to see more than just your resort.
Spain is blessed with over 5000 miles of coastline and an abundance of beautiful beaches to enjoy. Getaways in Spain will fulfil all your holiday needs, whether you are looking for a buzzing city beach, an action packed beach perfect for the family or an idyllic cove to escape the world.
There are countless beaches along the coast of Costa del Sol with popular resorts including Torremolinos, upmarket Marbella and next door neighbours Puerto Banus, Mijas, Fuengirola, Estepona, Nerja.
Other areas with great beaches include the Costas Blanca and Brava with resorts like Benidorm and Lloret de Mar, and wilder, less touristy beaches like windy but beautiful Tarifa and the gorgeous sands at Mundaka.
The Balearic and Canary Islands are also renowned for their beautiful, sandy white beaches. Gran Canaria's Maspolomas is a tourist favourite; El Cotillo in Fuerteventura is a perfect haven for windsurfing enthusiasts; El Bollullo in Tenerife is unique with its black sand beach and beautiful scenery and Playa d'en Bossa in Ibiza is the perfect place to party.
One of Spain's must see sights is the incredible La Sagrada Familia, a magnificent church located in the Catalan capital of Barcelona. This and other colourful works by Antoni Gaudi can be seen dotted throughout this popular Spanish city. For a dose of culture, be sure to visit the Prado Museum in Madrid – one of the biggest art galleries in the world. The Palacio Real in Madrid is another must see in this exciting capital. Toledo and Granada are shrines to the medieval and Moorish architectural styles with the breathtaking Alcazar and Alhambra leading each city's showcase.
Modern architecture fans can visit Bilbao with its shiny Guggenheim Museum and Valencia with its futuristic Science Park.
Tenerife's Tiede National Park is an excellent day trip from the coastal resorts for your holiday in Spain. Athletic types can even hike to the top of Spain's highest mountain, Mount Tiede, while the less energetic can enjoy the same views by taking the cable car.
From Costa del Sol you can take a hair raising train inland to the dramatic town of Ronda, which is split in two by a vertigo-inducing gorge and once you've recovered from that, you can visit the elegant bullring, one of Spain's oldest, dating back to 1785. Grenada and Gibraltar are also day trip possibilities from the Costa del Sol.
Spain is known for its unique and exciting cuisine. You're never more than a few hours from the sea in Spain and even if you're in Madrid you'll never go short of fresh seafood like bacalao (cod), almejas (baby clams) and bonito (tuna). The long days of sunshine also ensure there's plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables to accompany your meals.
Get a small taste of everything with the Spanish speciality of Tapas: shared plates of local specialities like chorizo, serrano ham, olives, tortilla omelette and toasted bread rubbed with garlic, tomato and olive oil. Paella, a famous Valencian rice dish, is another speciality not too be missed. In the Canary Islands, the papas arrugadas - salted, baked potatoes served with hot red and green sauces are a firm favourite.
Spain has some of Europe's best nightlife and people don't even think of going out to dinner until 10pm, let alone the drinking and dancing that invariably follows.
Popular holiday resorts like Benidorm, Torremolinos, Magaluf, Playa de las Americas and San Antonio have bars and clubs that are open until sunrise so you can party all night.
Each region of Spain produces a variety of pretty, well-priced handicrafts which are on sale either at craft shops, at weekly or daily markets in villages and towns, and even the occasional flea markets (rastros).
Pottery is reasonable and comes in various regional styles; rugs, blankets and clothes are plentiful and lace work is popular in some areas. Leather goods like bags and belts are widely available and there are plenty of stalls selling gold and silver jewellery. The best known department store is El Corte Ingles and you can find branches in most cities.
For a high fashion experience, visit Madrid's "golden mile", home to top Spanish brands, alongside international fashion names.Many of the more popular beach resorts have amusements parks or water parks where you can cool down in the hot summer months.
PortAventura, Waterworld and Marineland are in the Costa Dourada/Brava region; Mario Park water park in Almeria; Terra Mitica and Aqualandia on the Costa Blanca and Tivoli World in the Costa del Sol.
Many water sports are available on the beaches, much of which will be suitable for children and the wildlife and walking in the national parks will appeal to some kids.
Please wait - we are currently retrieving your selection!


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Narrow your search
The Air Force says that the almost one-of-a-kind spacecraft "conducted on-orbit experiments" in the the longest-ever mission for the X-37B program.
An Atlas V rocket carrying the unmanned craft, which looks like a miniature space shuttle, has the green light for a planned liftoff Tuesday. Just don't ask what it's up to.
Resembling a shrunk-down space shuttle, the Air Force's X-37B returns to Earth from its debut test flight, pointing the way toward cheaper, adaptable--and perhaps military--missions.
The unmanned X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle heads into space on its first mission, as the Air Force scopes out how it might eventually serve "warfighters' needs."
But what it's doing up there or for how long -- well, you might glean more from talking to the wall than asking the Air Force about its hush-hush mission.
The dealer wars just got more interesting. Luxury electric-vehicle manufacturer Tesla launches a referral program, with new owners receiving $1,000 discounts and those making the referrals getting $1,000 of their own.
As part of Road Trip 2015, CNET visits Mcity, a 32-acre fake city in Michigan designed to test self-driving cars' navigation and communication abilities -- and to keep research from migrating to Silicon Valley.
The X-37B -- undertaking its fourth mission -- shared its rocket ride back to space with an experimental LightSail spacecraft provided by the Bill Nye-backed Planetary Society.
NASA has a bold new plan to steal a boulder from an asteroid and bring it back for orbit around the moon, to help test an Earth-defense system.
Blue Origin pulls off its first unmanned test flight from a site in west Texas. The spacecraft, which reached an altitude of 58 miles, is designed to become a reusable vehicle for space tourists someday.

subset: commoncrawl


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Check out your links after the jump.
Tags: mugshot
Mugshot Doppelgänger: Old Mugs Get Celebrity Faces
We're used to seeing the mugshots of celebrities on everything from TMZ to the latest grocery store tabloid covers… and whether we want to know or not, the stories of their problems seem to trickle down to us from the television, the paper or the the water cooler gossip at work. But, what if those familiar stories were removed from the context we are used to and placed in a past much like our own current era. These images take the familiar mugshot expressions of modern celebrities and place them on the mugshots of moonshiners, prostitutes and thieves from the 1920s. The vintage images have the effect of making us look at these modern miscreants with a new eye, perhaps reevaluating their humanity or even reimagining their storied pasts.…


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A football coaching vacancy at Michigan invokes unusual phrases.
They want a "Michigan man" with an "understanding of the intricacies of Midwestern football."
Insiders cling to the attitude that it takes something special to excel at Michigan. Most in the other 49 states would call that arrogance. In this coaching search, though, those qualities appear to be a blueprint of the next coach's profile.
"As I look forward to the successor of Rich Rodriguez," athletic director Dave Brandon said in a Wednesday afternoon press conference, "it's very important that individual has a clear understanding of what the University of Michigan is about."
But what's unique about Michigan? How is this tradition-rich, revenue-producing program different from its peer programs in the Big Ten (Ohio State, Penn State and others)? What are the demands at Michigan that don't exist other places that desire the highest quality students and football players?
The answer depends on whom you ask. And even then there may not be clarity. Some say it's the academic standards. Some say it is commitment to honoring the past. Some argue it's a "family" atmosphere that every program claims.
A failure to grasp the concept was likely behind Rodriguez's struggles to win the confidence of Wolverines fans.
From an inability to retain some of predecessor Lloyd Carr's recruits, to altering the strength program and the offensive scheme, to not putting extra emphasis on rivalry games with Michigan State and Ohio State, Rodriguez just didn't get it. And that, former Michigan captain and All-American linebacker Erick Anderson said, doomed the coach as much as his 15-22 record.
The solution, Anderson and Brandon hinted, is a return to the past. Although both said a coach with Michigan ties isn't mandatory, they spoke with adoration for their coach, the late Bo Schembechler.
"For me, coming up and playing at the end of Bo's era, and the beginning of Gary (Moeller) and Lloyd's (Carr) era, all three of those people embraced the traditions of Michigan," Anderson told Sporting News. "They didn't look to change things. They understood Fielding Yost. They had a hard-nosed work ethic. They had an understanding and emphasized defense, emphasizing that toughness."
The description, it seems, best fits Stanford coach Jim Harbaugh. A former Wolverine quarterback who played for Schembechler before a solid NFL career, Harbaugh made Stanford Michigan-west, leading them to a 12-1 season and an Orange Bowl victory in 2010.
Harbaugh reportedly isn't interested in the gig. Brandon said at his press conference that he expects the coach to land in the NFL. Other candidates could include LSU coach Les Miles, a former UM player, and San Diego State coach Brady Hoke, a former UM assistant.
Other off-the-board possibilities – Jon Gruden? Gary Patterson? – will come into play, too.
In any case, the man who wins the job must understand the region, the Big Ten conference, and whatever unique circumstances exist at the school in Ann Arbor, Mich.
If he doesn't, he can't last, and Michigan will find itself in this situation again soon.


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The fundamental challenge with all publishing models is they are not very scalable. Writing content has been viewed as a singular event that is performed by a single person. In order to grow the amount of content a publisher creates, they have to pay more people to create it.
Now it is possible for software to change that. Robbie Allen's company, Automated Insights, has done this to great effect by creating over 100,000 articles covering College Basketball, College Football, NBA, MLB, NFL in a 10 month period with just 10 people. They are now branching out beyond sports into finance, real-estate and government.
Our other speaker for this session, Kristian Hammond, is the driving technical force behind Narrative Science's authoring engine. Kristian will present how this new company is dramatically changing how news content is being created both from data and social media and how publishers can take advantage of this trend.
The session will be moderated by TOC chair Joe Wikert and we look forward to plenty of audience participation in the discussion.
Joe Wikert is a publishing executive with 20+ years of industry experience. He is General Manager & Publisher at O'Reilly Media, Inc., where he manages the sales and editorial groups. Joe also serves as co-chair for O'Reilly's Tools of Change (TOC) conference. Prior to joining O'Reilly he was a Vice President and Executive Publisher in the Professional/Trade division of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and had management responsibility for the WROX and Sybex imprints. Joe regularly shares his publishing industry thoughts and outlook on
his Publishing 2020 blog. He is also the proud owner of an Amazon Kindle and blogs about that experience on his Kindleville blog.
Robbie Allen is the Founder and CEO of Automated Insights, Inc., a VC-backed startup based in Durham, NC. Robbie was formerly a Distinguished Engineer, IT at Cisco. He has Masters degrees in Civil and Environmental Engineering and System Design Management from MIT. He's the author or co-author of ten books covering a variety of technical topics.
Kristian Hammond is CTO of Narrative Science, a Chicago start up focused on the generation of narratives from data. He is also a professor of Computer Science and Journalism at Northwestern University and a researcher in the areas of human-machine interaction, context-driven information systems and artificial intelligence. In 1998, Kris founded Northwestern University's Intelligent Information Laboratory (InfoLab) where his team is creating technology that bridges the gap between people and the information they need. From 2000 to 2001, Dr. Hammond also enjoyed a run as the weekly technology correspondent for WTTW's Chicago Tomorrow. Kris received his PhD from Yale University.
For information on exhibition and sponsorship opportunities at the conference, contact Sharon Cordesse at firstname.lastname@example.com
View a complete list of TOC contacts


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Title: Distributorship
His personal specialty practice areas include international business transactions, finance agreements and Mergers and Acquisitions. His practice also includes litigation, privatization, arbitration, oil & gas and telecommunications. During the last six years he has also developed an important pro-bono practice in microfinance.
Languages: Spanish and English.
Areas of Practice
Main Focus: Corporate, M&A, Banking
Professional Career
Significant Accomplishments
Graduated as a lawyer in 1984 at the Buenos Aires University. In the same year, he was admitted to practice in the City of Buenos Aires. He participated in many postgraduate courses in the Catholic University of Argentina, Universidad Austral, Harvard Business School and International Development Law Association among others. He was Assistant Professor in Corporate Law between 1990 and 1995. In 2008 he was invited to participate in the Latin American Practitioner-in-residence Program at the Sturm College of Law, University of Denver. He is a member of the Banking and Pro Bono Committees of the Colegio Público de Abogados.
Professional Associations
Foreing Lawyer, Holme Roberts & Owen, 1996.
Bar Admission
Colegio de Abogados de Buenos Aires.
University of Buenos Aires (Lawyer, 1984).


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Black Drama
Includes 1,462 plays by 233 playwrights. Includes information about productions, theaters, theater companies, playbills, photographs, and more.
Note: 1,462 plays and more
Cambridge Histories Online
Full text of 250 Cambridge University Press reference works published since 1960. In addition to history, these titles cover economics, the history of science, the history of the book, language and linguistics, literature, music, philosophy, political and social theory, religion, theatre and performing arts, and warfare.
Note: 250 reference works
Multi-Database Search
This resource allows the simultaneous searching of all the full-text and bibliographic databases to which all of CUNY subscribes and all EBSCO databses, as well as the CUNY+ Online Catalog. It does not include the resources to which the Graduate Center subscribes separately. Database Guide (PDF)
Note: Search all CUNY-wide electronic resources simultaneously
Oxford Journals Online
Includes the text of 262 Oxford University Press journals from 1996 to the present. Use the database's advanced search function to search by author, article titles, or journal or by year. Although content prior to 1996 may be searched, the Graduate Center has access only to text from 1996 to the present.
Note: 262 journals from 1996 to present
Palgrave Connect Literature
Full text of 120 books.
Note: 120 books
Scribner Writers Online
Reference works about American and British writers. May be searched independently or within Gale Virtual Reference Library or Literature Resources from Gale.
Note: American and British writers
19th Century Masterfile
Also known as Poole's Plus, this database includes over eight million citations to periodical articles, books, patents, and American and British government documents before 1925.
Note: index of documents before 1925
Academic Search Complete
Interdisciplinary full-text database. Full text of over 8,700 journals, including 7.600 peer-reviewed journals, with indexing for another 4,000 titles. While full text is available as far back as 1887 for a few titles, the text of most titles is available only for the past decade or two. Also includes the text of books, conference papers, conference proceedings, and educational reports. Database Guide (PDF)
Note: text from over 8,700 journals in all disciplines
Art Full Text
The full-text version of Art Index indexes 460 journals, providing the full text of many beginning with 1997. In addition to art history and architecture titles, many film journals are included. A list of available titles can be generated by going here and selecting Journal Directory. Database Guide (PDF)
Note: full text version of Art Index
Arts & Humanities Citation Index
Part of Web of Science, this database finds bibliographic citations, abstracts, cited references, and the number of times cited for articles from 1,160 international journals in the arts and humanities since 1975 as well as relevant items from over 6,800 major science and social science journal. Approximately 2,300 new records containing 15,525 new references are added each week. To search only this portion of Web of Science, scroll to bottom of search screen and check only Arts & Humanities Citation Index. Scopus is a similar citation index emphasizing the sciences and social sciences, with some humanities coverage.
Note: cited references since 1975
Nearly one million images of art and architecture. Online help.
Note: one million images
Biography Reference Bank
Biographical information about over 550,000 people. Includes 380,000 periodical articles and more than 36,000 images. Over 80,00 profiles from reference works published by Garland, Greenwood, Harvard University Press, Houghton Mifflin, Oryx, Oxford University Press, and H. W. Wilson. There are 5,000 biographies from the 2004 edition of the American National Biography. A complete list of such sources is available.
Note: 550,000 biographies
Black Thought and Culture: African Americans from Colonial Times to the Present
Over 100,000 pages of monographs, essays, speeches, letters, and interviews. The 1,100 figures covered, when the database is complete, will include James Baldwin, Amiri Baraka, Ralph Bunche, Angela Davis, Frederick Douglass, W. E. B. Du Bois, Ralph Ellison, Marcus Garvey, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Thurgood Marshall, Huey Newton, Jackie Robinson, Paul Robeson, Bobby Seale, Booker T. Washington, Cornel West, and Richard Wright.
Note: monographs, essays, etc.
Chicago Manual of Style Online
Full text of 15th edition available online to GC affiliates only. Includes quick guide, questions and answers, and additional tools.
Note: text of 15th ed.
Cinema Image Gallery
200,000 images from the Kobal Collection. Includes film and television stills, on-set shots of actors and directors, set and costume designs, posters, etc.
Note: 200,000 film images
Communication and Mass Media Complete
Includes the full text of over 325 journals in communications and media, as well as citations from several hundred additional titles. To determine its usefulness for a wide range of topics in the humanities and social sciences, consult the publications list within the database.
Note: over 325 journals
Digital Dissertations/Abstracts and Full Text
Indexes two-million dissertations from over one-thousand institutions, with citations from 1861-1980 and abstracts from 1980+. Includes the full text of most CUNY dissertations and post-1997 dissertations from other institutions. Database Guide (PDF)
Note: citations, abstracts, recent text
Directory of Open Access Journals
Over 3,200 online journals arranged by subject. Supported by SPARC and the Open Society Institute.
Note: free full-text journals
Early English Books Online (EEBO)
Scanned images of the text of over 118,500 books published in English between 1473 and 1700. Information about resizing text, printing multiple pages, and citing EEBO titles is available.
Note: 118,500 books
Eighteenth Century Collection Online (ECCO)
ECCO offers every page of 150,000 books published during the eighteenth century in English, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Latin, Spanish, and Welsh. In addition to searches by author, title, and publisher, these books may be searched by individual categories such as fine arts, history and geography, law, literature and language, medicine, science, and technology, religion and philosophy, social sciences, general reference, or a combination of two or more subjects. Illustrated works may be searched by cartoon, map, music, portrait, etc. ECCO may also be browsed by author and title.
Note: over 150,000 books
English Short Title Catalogue (ESTC)
The British Library provides free access to records of over 460,000 items published in English between 1473 and 1800.
Note: free access
Essay & General Literature Index
Contains citations to essays in collections of mostly scholarly works and miscellaneous works published since 1984 in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. More than 300 volumes are indexed annually. While there are no abstracts, complete contents of the volumes are listed. An extremely useful resource for all disciplines because it indexes sources not covered elsewhere.
Note: indexes essay collections
Film Literature Index
Indexes all the content of 150 film and television journals from 30 countries and selectively indexes 200 additional periodicals. Includes 700,000 citations of articles, film reviews, and book reviews from 1976-2001. This resource is not being updated. Also see Searching for DVDs and Videocassettes in CUNY+.
Note: free 1976-2001 index
Gale Virtual Reference Library
Full text of 275 reference books published by Gale, Brill Academic, Cambridge University Press, Elsevier, Greenwood, Sage, Salem Press, Wiley, and others. Titles include American Civil War Reference Library, Ancient Europe, 8000 BC to AD 1000, Encyclopedia of Aging, Encyclopedia of American Religions, Encyclopedia of Case Study Research, Encyclopedia of Gender and Society, Encyclopedia of Urban Studies, Encyclopedia of World Biography, Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, Magill's Survey of World Literature, Vietnam War Reference Library; World Education Encyclopedia.
Note: 275 reference books
Grove Music
Online version of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd edition. Also includes The Oxford Companion to Music and The Oxford Dictionary of Music. The 29 volumes of the text edition are available in the library's reference collection under Ref. ML100.N48 2001. Grove Music also includes the contents of The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz and The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. A guide to the database is available. Database Guide (PDF). Searching for Music Scores and Sound Recordings in CUNY+.
Note: music dictionary
Humanities Full Text
Includes abstracts of articles published in English from 1984 to the present in all fields of the humanities. Includes text from 287 periodicals.
Note: indexes journals since 1984
Humanities International Complete
Indexes over 2,100 humanities sources, including journals, books, and reference works, with full text of 890 journals. In addition to articles and reviews, the database provides abstracts of fiction, poetry, photographs, and drawings.
Note: 890 journals
Iter Bibliography
Indexes 1,707 journals published since 1784, over 96,000 books, over 190,000 essays from over 7,300 books, and over 1,500 dissertations since 1990 about the middle ages and renaissance. Bibliography contains more than 1,010,000 records. Find it! does not work with this resource. To see possible links to full text in Iter Bibliography, select the Full Details of a record and then the Check for full text box.
Note: secondary medieval and renaissance bibliography
Iter: Gateway to the Middle Ages and Renaissance
Graduate Center's subscription includes Iter Bibliography, Iter Italicum, Milton Bibliography, the journals Early Theatre and Renaissance and Reformation, and the forthcoming Bibliography of English Women Writers, 1500-1640 and Baptisteria Sacra. Find it! does not work with these resources. To see possible links to full text in Iter Bibliography, select the Full Details of a record and then the Check for full text box.
Note: bibliographies
The Arts and Sciences I-IX collections of JSTOR offer the full text of 1,729 scholarly journals including African studies, anthropology, archaeology, architecture, art history, classical studies, ecology, economics, education, feminist and women's studies, film studies, folklore, geography, history, , language, literature, Middle East studies, music, performing arts, philosophy, religion, sociology. Coverage begins with the first issue of almost every journal and continues through varying periods within the last five years. Click here for a list of the journals by subject and the available dates. Click here for an alphabetical list. Using JSTOR with such citation-management tools as EndNote and RefWorks requires creating a MyJSTOR account. Database Guide (PDF)
Note: 1,729 scholarly journals
Literature Resources from Gale
MLA International Bibliography, as well as more than 10,000 bio-critical essays from Dictionary of Literary Biography; biographical information about over 130,000 writers from Contemporary Authors; all entries from Contemporary Literary Criticism since volume 95 and complete profiles of more than 200 of the most studied authors from previous editions of CLC; the Scribner Writers Series of 15-to-20-page essays about over 1,600 writers and literary genres; and the full text of 600 books from Twayne's Author Series. Database Guide (PDF)
Note: MLA, biographies, and criticism
MLA (Modern Language Association) International Bibliography
MLA, available through Gale's Literature Resource Center, indexes over 3,000 periodicals dealing with literature, language, linguistics, folklore, and popular culture from 1926 to the present. MLA includes the full text from recent issues of 141 journals. Database Guide (PDF)
Note: literature & language index
NetLibrary hosts a collection of 2,594 recent scholarly titles as electronic books. These titles represent all disciplines and are aimed at both undergraduate and graduate research needs. While all of CUNY shares a core of NetLibrary titles, several campuses, including the Graduate Center, have purchased additional titles. NetLibrary also provides access to over 3,400 public-domain titles. While no title list is provided within NetLibrary, one can be created by going to CUNY+, limiting the search to the Graduate Center, and performing the keyword search netlibrary. To use NetLibrary from home, you must first connect to the site on any CUNY campus and click on Create a free account. Accounts can also be created by connecting to NetLibrary remotely. Titles may be checked out for only twenty-four hours. Student accounts are purged at the end of each spring semester, necessitating creating new accounts. This brief guide may also be helpful. Several CUNY campuses own NetLibrary titles not available to Graduate Center affiliates. Mac users must download a free PDF browser plug-in for off-campus use. New York Public Library Electronic books are also available from New York Public Library. Links to numerous sources of public-domain books can be found at The Online Books Page. Database Guide (PDF)
Note: 2,800+ scholarly books
New York Public Library Electronic Resources in Theatre
Resources available at NYPL's Humanities and Social Sciences Library.
New York Times Full Text
Actual page images from 1851 through 2007. The coverage for more recent years will become available later. When the results of a search are displayed, you have three retrieval options: 1. bibliographic citation and abstract; 2. article image (retrieved with Adobe Acrobat Reader); 3. page map, displaying the entire page on which the article appears. The full text of the Times since June 1, 1980, is available from LexisNexis. Database Guide (PDF)
Note: 1851-2007
Nineteenth Century Masterfile
Also known as Poole's Plus, this database includes over eight million citations to periodical articles, books, patents, and American and British government documents before 1925.
Note: index of documents before 1925
Oxford Music Online (formerly Grove Music)
Online version of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd edition. Also includes The Oxford Companion to Music and The Oxford Dictionary of Music. The 29 volumes of the text edition are available in the library's reference collection under Ref. ML100.N48 2001. Oxford Music Online also includes the contents of The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz and The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Database Guide (PDF). Searching for Music Scores and Sound Recordings in CUNY+.
Note: music dictionary
Oxford Reference Online
Text of more than 100 Oxford University Press reference works, including Oxford Companions to American Literature, American Theatre, the Bible, British History, Classical Civilization, History of Modern Science, Music, Philosophy, Politics of the World, Shakespeare, United States History, and Western Art.
Note: over 100 reference works
Project Muse
Full text of 316 journals in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. Click here for a list of the available titles.Database Guide (PDF)
Note: 316 scholarly journals
Readers' Guide Full-Text
Indexes popular general-interest periodicals from 1983 to the present.
Note: popular periodicals since 1983
Readers' Guide Retrospective
Indexes popular general-interest periodicals from 1890 to 1982.
Note: indexes periodicals since 1890
Online citation management licensed for all CUNY affiliates. Generate footnotes and bibliography in any writing style; organize citations and notes in your private library. RefShare allows document access for an invited group. 25 MB limit on individual file size; 5 GB individual account limit. RefWorks help guides, tutorials
Note: online citation management
RILM Abstracts of Music Literature
Over 250,000 citations from more than 300 journals and others sources from 1969 to the present. This database is updated monthly. Also see Searching for Music Scores and Sound Recordings in CUNY+.
Note: indexes over 300 journals
RIPM: Retrospective Index to Music Periodicals
International bibliography of writings on musical history and culture from periodicals published in seventeen countries between 1800 and 1950. Included are over 5,000 English translations of foreign-language records. The database is the creation of the International Musicological Society, the International Association of Music Libraries, Archives, and Documentation Centres, and UNESCO's International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies, with contributions from individual scholars, archivists, and librarians in North America and Europe. Coverage of Latin American publications is being planned. Approximately 20,000 records are added annually. Also see Searching for Music Scores and Sound Recordings in CUNY+.
Note: 1800-1950
RISM: Music Manuscripts after 1600
The database, also known as Repertoire international des sources musicales, aims to document the world's musical sources of manuscripts or printed music, works on music theory, and libretti in libraries, archives, monasteries, schools, and private collections and is considered the most comprehensive annotated guide to such sources. It includes more than 564,000 items by over 19,500 composers. The manuscripts reside in over 740 libraries and archives in 31 countries. At least 20,000 new records are added each year. Also see Searching for Music Scores and Sound Recordings in CUNY+.
Note: guide to manuscripts, libretti, etc.
SAGE Premier
Full text of 527 SAGE journals in the social sciences, sciences, humanities, technology, and medicine.
Note: 527 SAGE Journals
Theatre in Video
More than 300 videos of plays or drama documentaries. See Alan Arkin, Peggy Ashcroft, Marie-Christine Barrault, Claire Bloom, Zoe Caldwell, Richard Dreyfuss, Faye Dunaway, John Gielgud, Lou Gossett, Jr., Philip Baker Hall, Julie Harris, Anthony Hopkins, John Hurt, James Earl Jones, Harvey Keitel, Walter Matthau, Helen Mirren, Laurence Olivier, Michel Piccoli, Ralph Richardson, Meryl Streep, John Thaw, Cicely Tyson, Eli Wallach, and others in plays by Aeschylus, Albee, Beckett, Chekhov, Fugard, Gogol, Hansberry, Ibsen, Miller, Moliere, O'Neill, Pinter, Pirandello, Shakespeare, Sophocles, Strindberg, Wasserstein, and others.
Note: over 300 videos
Twayne's Author Series
Full text of 586 books providing biographical, critical, and bibliographic studies of writers from Chinua Achebe to Emile Zola and overviews of eighteen topics, including French structuralism, Native American literature, and women writers of the English renaissance. These writers and topics may also be searched within Literature Resources from Gale.
Note: biography & criticism
World Shakespeare Bibliography
Annotated entries for all important books, articles, book reviews, dissertations, theatrical productions, reviews of productions, audiovisual materials, electronic media, and other scholarly and popular materials related to Shakespeare published or produced since 1969. The more than 83,000 records in 92 languages cite several hundred-thousand additional reviews of books, productions, films, and audio recordings. Note that full-text links will not appear in this database.
Note: index of criticism since 1969
WorldCat (FirstSearch)
Holdings of thousands of American and international libraries. Make ILL requests with the Find it! button. Searchable in English, French, and Spanish. See an online tutorial to the database. See also the freely accessible version of WorldCat. Database Guide (PDF)
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Free union catalog containing the holdings of thousands of libraries. Use the Find-it at CUNY feature to look up titles in the CUNY library system and to make ILL requests. Mobile WorldCat: http://www.worldcat.org/m/
Note: free catalog of the holdings of thousands of libraries; request ILL items with find-it
American Association of Community Theatre
Centre for Research in Early English Drama
Research in English theater from middle ages to 1642.
International Federation for Theatre Research
Promoting collaboration and the exchange of information between individuals and organizations concerned with theatre research.
International Theatre Institute
Promoting international exchange of knowledge and practice in theatre arts
League of Historic American Theatres
Promoting the rescue, rehabilitation and sustainable operation of historic theatres throughout North America.
Modern Language Association
Official site.
Performance Studies International
Promoting communication and exchange between scholars and practitioners working in the field of performance.
Society for Theatre Research
Resources for those interested in the history and technique of the British theatre.
Theatre Historical Society of America
Recording and preserving the architectural, cultural, and society history of American theatres.
Theatre Library Association
Preserving theatrical materials.
Libraries, Archives, and Manuscripts
Shubert Archive
Documents the business and artistic records of the theater-owning Shubert Brothers and the Shubert Organization, held by the Shubert Foundation at the Lyceum Theatre on West 45th Street
Folger Shakespeare Library
Renaissance resources.
Performing Arts Encyclopedia
Resources at the Library of Congress.
SIBMAS: International Association of Libraries and Museums of the Performing Arts
Promoting research, practical and theoretical, in the documentation of the performing arts.
Arts and Letters Daily
Links to news items in the humanities.
New York Times Film Reviews
Recent reviews and articles. Older content available from New York Times Full Text and LexisNexis.
New York Times Theater Reviews
Includes archives back to 1905.
NY Theatre
News and reviews.
Village Voice Film Reviews
Recent reviews and news.
Village Voice Theater Reviews
Recent reviews and news.
American Alliance for Theatre & Education
The American Alliance for Theatre and Education is a networking organization for theatre artists and educators that aims to provide opportunities for idea exchange, leadership, creativity, artistry, mentorship, recognition, advocacy and more to those with a vested interest in the field of theatre and education.
GloPAC is an
Comedie Francaise
Theatrical company.
A comprehensive database of modern playwrights and plays written in or translated into English since the production of Look Back in Anger in 1956. It lists around 30,000 playwrights and about 100,000 plays, and can be searched by author, title, and number of male & female roles. It also offers lists of literary agents, publishers, theaters, and plays with significant gay/lesbian elements.
BBC Audio Interviews: Actors
Bates, Dench, Gielgud, etc.
BBC Audio Interviews: Filmmakers
Altman, Coppola, Hitchcock, Lean, etc.
BBC Audio Interviews: Playwrights
Coward, Orton, Pinter, Shaw, etc.
Broadway Photographs: Art Photography and the American Stage, 1900-1930
Arranged by performers and photographers.
Calling the Shots
BBC interviews with contemporary film directors.
Note: interviews with directors
Drama, Theater, and Performance Art Studies
Voice of the Shuttle links.
Europa Film Treasures
Silent and avant-garde films. Free streaming access.
Note: Films from 1898 to present
Global Performing Arts Database (GloPAD)
Descriptions of digital images, texts, video clips, sound recordings, and complex media objects related to the performing arts around the world.
Internet Broadway Database
Records of productions from beginning to present.
Mike Wallace Interview
Television interviews with writers, actors, and others in the arts conducted in 1957-1958.
Note: arts interviews
Official London Theatre Guide
Current productions and news.
Current productions and news.


text:
Cinterion® M2M Modules & Terminals
Gemalto M2M offers a broad portfolio of innovative, high quality products designed for reliability with unparalleled engineering and manufacturing standards.
Cinterion modules are based on the GSM and UMTS technology standards, technology allowing unlimited global mobility and an extensive worldwide coverage map with seamless interwoven roaming coverage. GSM/UMTS data standards, including GPRS, EDGE and HSDPA, offer reliable connections and high-speed data rates that enable a variety of time sensitive applications. Cinterion modules are readily customized to suit specific needs and integrate innovative technologies such as Java™, GPS, and SIM Access Profile for greater integration flexibility. FTA and local network operator certifications ensure all modules integrate easily into the worldwide GSM network. And all Cinterion products comply with RoHS and WEEE environmental regulations for compliance with legislative directives and with ISO TS 16949 quality benchmarks for automotive product excellence.


text:
Has this ever happened to you? Driving is important (cut to black-and-white image of woman driving a car), but trying to make out other vehicles in standard definition? What a chore! (Woman crashes, throws hands up in despair.)
Or how about this? All your friends have new MacBook Pros with Retina Displays, and here you are (cut to black-and-white of man shaking his head at his laptop with frustration), looking with your own two non-HD eyes at a MacBook Air? (Man throws MacBook Air in trash, puts hands on hips, lets out exasperated sigh.) There has to be a better way!
Well, there is! Suffer through non-HD reality no more! Introducing new HD glasses! They can be yours for just $19.95, plus a massively punitive shipping and handling charge. But wait -- act now and we'll throw in this week's WRUP absolutely free. Think that's all? Oh no, you even get a bonus question: What's your favorite level 90 talent?
Adam Holisky (@adamholisky) No WoW for me this weekend. Katie and I have wedding stuff to do, and that's taking priority over everything. New favorite talent is the one that changes my warlock's demons into super-demons. Because demons are cool.
Anne Stickney (@Shadesogrey) I am going to be cleaning like crazy this weekend, in preparation for my brother's arrival at the end of the month -- he's transferring down here, so he'll be crashing at our place for awhile. Hooray for more relatives! Other than that, I have a raid on Sunday and beta stuffs to do. As for rogue talents, I am a big fan of Anticipation. :D
Chase Hasbrouck (@alarondruid, @alaronmonk) I'll either be trying to get through Act 2 Inferno in Diablo 3 or leveling an WoW alt for professions. Taking the family to an AAA baseball game and almost definitely going to see Brave, though, so not sure how much playtime I'll get this weekend. None of the druid talents really thrill me. The majority of them aren't new; they're just redone spec-specific abilities. Incarnation is pretty nice though. In contrast, all the Monk stuff is new and shiny. Chi Burst is a definite favorite there in the looks department.
Daniel Whitcomb (@danielwhitcomb) I'm pretty busy with RL stuff this weekend, but I hope to participate in Operation Savage over on Mass Effect multiplayer. If nothing else, I'll take my Batarian or Krogan Sentinel through a solo bronze match. I also plan to poke around the beta a bit if I can, maybe get myself one of those flipping tables. I actually think Avatar is my favorite level 90 talent. You turn into a huge, unstoppable juggernaut like the dwarven kings of old? Come on, man, that's just amazing. How can anyone else measure up to that?
Elizabeth Wachowski (@leeatwaterlives) I broke down and got Skyrim for my laptop, then modded it pretty heavily through the Steam Workshop mods, so if I have free time I'll probably be messing with that. I might also work on leveling my hunter and warlock.
Fox Van Allen (@foxvanallen) It really sucks that Mat McCurley had to resign from WI to go work for Riot, but I love the fact that he lives within a half-hour drive of me now. We're hangin' out buddies, Mat and I. And we're gonna be hangin' out this weekend, cause that's what hangin' out buddies do. Oh, and I'll also be meeting up with the lusciously stunning Michele Morrow to maybe record a video thing.
Joe Perez (@lodurzj) I've got beta videos to make! Also Civ V, because who doesn't need a dose of Civ? Yeah, that will pretty much consume my weekend. My favorite talent so far is a tie between Healing Tide Totem and Stone Bulwark Totem. I love HTT because it's just so awesome of a cooldown, does great numbers and has a cool little swirl effect. SBT I really like because I finally get a (self) Power Word: Shield and it looks all earthy and green and like it's made out of glass. It's awesome!
Lisa Poisso (@LisaPoisso) Like Olivia, I'll be playing WoW! I need to slow down and refocus on professions. Sounds like a peaceful weekend!
Matt "Matticus" Low (@matticus) Haven't decided what I'm playing this weekend. But I'll be playing it on my new MacBook Pro!
Matt Rossi I'm playing the "PLEASE BUY MY BOOK" game, which is much less fun and a lot more harrowing than you might think. I do not understand how Project Wonderful ads work at all. Favorite 90 talent is probably Avatar. Lookit me, I'm huge.
Michael Gray (@writegray) This weekend, I think Imma try and scare up some PvP on my monk. Since I intend on going dwarf Brewmaster for my new tanking character, I really need to brush up my DPS chops therein.
Olivia Grace (@oliviadgrace) Well, funny enough my plans mostly involve WoW! Atonement priesting, leveling my hunter or druid, or both, probably some Arena, too! I do have D3 sitting, downloaded, on my hard drive. I might install it!
Robin Torres (@cosmicgeek) MoP and Diablo III at night. Parcheesi, Battleship, Clue, Original Star Wars Trilogy Monopoly, Life, Uno, and whatever other board games we buy this weekend. The Spawn has over three weeks left with her cast, and so it's board games or miserable little girl who can't swim, go to the park, or go to Disneyland.
The weekend is the perfect time to kick back, relax and enjoy some game time. Are you an achievement junkie? Can't get enough raiding? Rolling a new alt? Considering taking the leap into roleplaying? Whatever your favorite way to play World of Warcraft, let us know in the comments what you're playing this weekend!


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Which MacBook should I buy?
I'm currently saving up for a MacBook. For those who didn't see my intro thread, here's my story:
I want to go into Apple software engineering as a career. Before I graduate high school, I want to get a MacBook so that I can have some programming experience so I don't go into college completely clueless. I basically grew up with PCs, so all I know about Macs is that I love them and I know how to basically use them.
I found a used/refurbished (re-conditioned) MacBook from mid-2007 on Mac of All Trades:
Click here
It comes with a 2.0 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo processor, so I know it should not have problems running Snow Leopard.
My main question is just overall reliability. Does this look reliable or should I just wait until Christmas to buy a new one from the Apple Store?
Up to you, really. I would wait until Christmas to get a new machine.
The one that you listed will do what you want.
Requirements for Snow Leopard, here.
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text:
DIY mini-theater room...
58" Panasonic Plasma TV
5.1 surround, powered by Denon 1610
URC MX-810 RF universal remote, fully automating all video and audio inputs per device.
Integrated devices:
1. Dish Satellite service with DVR
2. PS3, controlled by either MX-810 remote for videos/netflix/hulu or standard PS3 controller for games.
3. HTPC running XBMC with 500+ movies and TV series (6.5+TB unRAID server back end)
The Brains
Below are shots of the "closet" on the other side of the wall from the TV. Yes yes I know I have some spring cleaning to do, but it works very well.
dandirk setup
Started by dandirk, Apr 21 2012 05:26 PM
1 reply to this topic
Posted 21 April 2012 - 05:26 PM
Posted 21 April 2012 - 05:36 PM
Incredible. What an awesome setup. Surely something everyone dreams to achieve one day.
Thanks for sharing.
Thanks for sharing.
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Dan Gerber is the celebrated author of three novels, numerous essays and short stories, and eight books of poetry, most recently A Primer on Parallel Lives and the newly-released Sailing to Cassiopeia, both from Copper Canyon Press. With unusual grace and precision, his poems ask us to attend to those seemingly ordinary
As Gerber himself reflected, "In poetry as well as prose, I feel less a creator than an instrument of experience. I write what presents itself to me as necessary." This openness has led him to explore galaxies and consciousness, tenderness and violence. With playful curiosity and care, Gerber seamlessly joins anecdote, autobiography, and a wondrous eye for the natural world in his poetry, travelling from the periphery to the core. "The purity of his language and the sharpness of his attention," declared W.S. Merwin, "present landscape, event, and feeling as one." Annie Dillard wrote of Gerber's work: "There's a penetrating and sometimes quirky sensibility at work here, handling violence and beauty with equal respect. In an unembellished language that calls our attention to the world and to its beings rather than to its own virtuosity, these poems credit the reader with intelligence and feeling and ring clear against an essential backdrop of silence."
Born in western Michigan, educated at Michigan State University, Gerber's careers reflect his wide-ranging interests: he has worked as a professional racecar driver, a high school teacher, a journalist, and a corporate executive. He traveled extensively as a journalist, particularly in Africa, and has lectured, read, and taught at numerous colleges, universities, libraries, schools, and museums throughout the United States and England. With Jim Harrison, Gerber co-edited the literary journal Sumac, and he has served as writer in residence at Michigan State University and Grand Valley State College. Gerber's work has been included in The Best American Poetry series, and he is the recipient of a Michigan Author Award and the Mark Twain Award for Distinguished Contributions to Midwestern Literature. He lives with his wife in the Santa Ynez Valley of
|Poetry Center Reading:
|Fall 2012


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More than 180 Delta Delta Delta teams, along with their families and friends, participated in the event by walking, volunteering at the walk or raising money virtually.
Tri Delta set a goal of raising $150,000, and far exceeded that goal by raising $217,000.
"It's so exciting to see our collegiate and alumnae members uniting once again for this event and doing great things for St. Jude," said Fraternity President Phyllis Durbin Grissom, Southern Methodist. "The fact that our members continually surpass the fundraising goals we set in place is a real testament to their dedication to this cause and their passion for philanthropy."
Out of all the Tri Delta participants, the top fundraising team was The Chicago Loop Group in Chicago. These alumnae members raised more than $21,300.
All money raised by Tri Delta will go towards supporting its $15 million in 5 years campaign for St. Jude. Tri Delta has raised more than $14.9 million for the campaign since the $15 million goal was announced in July 2010.
The St. Jude Give thanks. Walk. serves as a grass-roots kickoff to the St. Jude Thanks and Giving fundraising and awareness campaign. The St. Jude Thanks and Giving campaign is an unprecedented union of celebrities, media, retail and corporate partners that asks consumers to "Give thanks for the healthy kids in your life, and give to those who are not."
Thanks and Giving was created in 2004 by Marlo Thomas and her siblings Terre and Tony Thomas, children of hospital founder Danny Thomas. Funds raised by the campaign support the lifesaving work of St. Jude — to find cures for children with cancer and other catastrophic diseases through research and treatment.
View pictures from different walks around the US!


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Emily Pulitzer Restoring Girlhood Home in Cincinnati
|Emily lived in the home from age 5 to 24.
The modernist-style house (right) was built in 1938 on nine wooded acres in the Woodlawn suburb of Cincinnati. The house has sat abandoned and rotting for years, and that didn't sit right with a woman who drives by the home each day on her way to work. She thought it a shame that the eclectic structure was being targeted for development.
So, she did some research and discovered that Emily Pulitzer (nee Rauh) grew up in the home before moving to St. Louis and marrying a newspaper publisher. The woman sent Pulitzer a letter last year, and Pulitzer responded in spades.
Pulitzer purchased the home and is now spending an estimated million or so bucks restoring it to its original condition. Last week Pulitzer donated the home to the Cincinnati Preservation Association.
|The home and its property was slated for new development.
Pulitzer's father, Frederick Rauh, was an insurance executive. Her mother, Harriet, was an arts activist. You might say that Emily, with her Pulitzer Foundation for the Arts, is a chip off the old block of dear ol' mom. Harriet Rauh was an avid collector of modern art and an early board member of Cincinnati's Contemporary Arts Center. She passed away in 2003. The Rauhs sold the home in 1962.
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The Metamorphoses of Tintin
Or Tintin for Adults
by Jean-Marie Apostolidès
Translated by Jocelyn Hoy
Stanford, 312 pp., $24.95
The comic-book hero of my youth, Tintin, will soon become accessible to a new generation of moviegoers. The directors Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson, who discovered their mutual passion for Tintin, are collaborating on a series of animated adventure films for Dreamworks, the first of which will appear next year.
While I fear this well-financed new imagining of Tintin will smother my own lifelong construct, or deprive others of figuring him out for themselves through the ur-texts, I can't help but be cheered by the staying power of this peculiar character, who's been around for 80 years and long ago transcended his Belgian roots to become nearly as familiar as Mickey Mouse. So it is very handy, if a potential buzzkill, that the Stanford scholar Jean-Marie Apostolidès has written a book explaining in some detail why this might be.
As contemporary heroes go, Tintin is not an easy sell. Only animation could do him justice, in fact. He is a kind of Aryan alien, bubble-headed but featureless beyond dots for eyes and an odd twist of reddish hair. He wears old-fashioned golf pants. He travels in the company of a white girly-dog named, in the English version, Snowy. He has no parents, no surname, no history, no personality other than goodness and pluck. Tintin is, or was in the early books, a free-range journalist, though he never seems to report or write or publish anything. Trouble finds him with regularity, and always regrets it.
Tintin's constant companion is nearly as well known as he. The bibulous, anger-prone sea captain Archibald Haddock is all edges to Tintin's none; it is their unlikely bromance that stirs Apostolidès's juices, and perhaps Spielberg's and Jackson's too. Tintin and Haddock are often joined on their adventures by the half-deaf physicist Cuthbert Calculus, the large-bosomed diva (and sole female in the Tintin universe) Bianca Castafiore, and a pair of identical idiot policemen named Thompson and Thomson. (I use the inferior English names invented by the very British translators of the French originals, beginning in the late 1950s.)
Tintin was born in 1929 at the pen of a 21-year-old Belgian artist named Georges Remi, who reversed his initials and pronounced them Hergé, his nom de plume. Originally published in weekly Brussels newspaper supplements, and later in eponymous hardcover albums, these stories went on to find audiences in dozens of languages and more than 200 million albums.
With a few exceptions the Tintin stories are set in exotic places where their creator had never been: the Soviet Union, the Congo, the United States, the Balkans, the Arabian Peninsula, the high seas, China, Tibet, South America, the moon. They were full of political intrigue and financial shenanigans and adult eccentricity, and in their own way bespoke the real world to several generations of young Francophone children.
Hergé through Tintin became the father of what Europeans call bande dessinée, or BD. There's a fine BD museum in Brussels, and this year, in recognition of the most prominent such artist of the century, and the second most-translated Belgian author after Simenon, an Hergé museum.
The interest generated by the museum opening and the forthcoming animated movie fueled this new edition of Apostolidès's book, a classic text in the field of Tintinology and part of the industry of enchantment-spoiling inspired by Bruno Bettelheim. First published in French 25 years ago, The Metamorphoses of Tintin is now being issued in a rather lifeless, yet still welcome, English translation.
As the subtitle says, the book is for adults, and far preferably adults who are deeply familiar with Tintin and his friends. Apostolidès treats the Tintin stories as allegories; he palpates them for meaning and inspiration; he interprets them as one would dreams. The tools of the critical trade so much in fashion at original publication are much in evidence. To put it another way, The Metamorphoses of Tintin appreciates Hergé's oeuvre in ways that almost certainly never occurred to him, let alone to you or to me.
In the first seven albums, published before World War II, Snowy was Tintin's only foil--Sancho Panza to his Don Quixote. "The master remains a model for the dog without ceasing to be his opposite," writes Apostolidès. "Tintin is brave, while Snowy is fearful; the former is a pacifist, but the latter is always looking to pick a fight. . . . Tintin is prudence itself, while Snowy acts without thinking about the consequences." And so forth.
Hergé obviously found limitations on the complexity Snowy could incarnate. Thus Haddock arrives on the scene, in "The Crab with the Golden Claws," in outrageous contrast to the polite and pious cipher of Tintin. For Apostolidès Haddock is "above all a mouth. . . . The captain's relation to the external world is lived in the oral mode, passionately and voluptuously"--swearing, smoking, drinking. (How will Hollywood handle this?)
Haddock favors whiskey, but judging by the books, Hergé had a fondness for champagne. Apostolidès believes the recurrence of champagne in these tales is "an unconscious equivalent of having sex . . . the oblong shape of the bottle's neck and the foamy froth that suddenly spills out," etc. He reminds us, too, of an earlier episode involving champagne and "latent homosexual desire" between Tintin and Snowy. Blistering barnacles!
Tintin was introduced to young Belgian readers in the pages of Le Petit Vingtième, a youth supplement to a Roman Catholic newspaper of rightist tendencies. Hergé had made of Tintin a commercial success in France and Belgium by the time Germany occupied both countries in 1940. Without much soul-searching, apparently, the artist kept his head down during the Nazi occupation and continued to publish Tintin in the semi-official daily Le Soir.
Apostolidès indicates rather subtly how, in this period, Hergé carefully moved Tintin away from his prior engagement with global trouble spots--the Anschluss-inspired "King Ottokar's Sceptre" (1939), for example--to a more detached realm of fantasy. Interestingly, it is a pair of these wartime albums--"The Secret of the Unicorn" and "The Crab with the Golden Claws," involving pirates, sunken treasure, and Haddock's swashbuckling seafarer ancestor--that Dreamworks will transform for the first Tintin movie.
Hergé was arrested at the end of the war in the Belgian épuration, but never charged with anti-Semitism. Within two years he had been rehabilitated and bankrolled, and Tintin was re-launched in a publication the author controlled. But his wartime opportunism haunted him ever after. He went back and -purified his earlier books, deleting racist pidgin and paternalistic Belgocentrism, changing names too obviously caricatural, and suppressing altogether the first tale, "Tintin in the Land of the Soviets," because of its rude anti-communism. (It also wasn't any good.)
As Apostolidès helps us to understand, "Tintin au Tibet" (1960) was the apotheosis of Hergé's quest for redemption and the culmination of his humanist reprogramming. Tintin goes to the Himalayas to rescue a young Chinese boy, Chang, whom he had befriended in the prewar "Blue Lotus." Chang was based on a Chinese artist of the same name whom Hergé knew in Brussels and who introduced him to Chinese art and to a more sophisticated reading of Chinese culture and society.
Apostolidès on the Tibet adventure:
Regressing from the oedipal stage of the bastard to that of the foundling, Chang finds himself confronted with origin fantasies, engulfed by an all-powerful immaculate nature, always virginal because no one can master her. . . . To save his twin, Tintin takes a similar route back to his former self.
While there is much here to make one stare upwards in disbelief, it helps to remember that this book is also--like Tintin, in a way--a period piece. In a too brief preface to the new English edition, the author acknowledges that his use of scholarly and psychoanalytic language was less familiar to readers in 1984, and thus today
the vocabulary might seem heavy or outdated. If that is the case, I ask your pardon. However, in a study I intended to be entertaining, I was still very much concerned with showing that a domain typically consigned to children is indeed amenable to legitimate scholarly interests.
I can't disagree, but Apostolidès's interpretive faculties are a good deal more developed than his ludic ones. Given Hergé's genius for the human comedy and the systematic slapstick that lards Tintin's adventures, the author could have permitted himself--and given the rest of us--just a wee bit of zaniness. Surely Spielberg and Jackson get this.
Charles Trueheart is director of the American Library in Paris.


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An improved rotary confocal fluorescence scanner capable of detecting analytes separated on over a 1,000 capillaries simultaneously. This system uses a confocal microscope objective and mirror assembly that rotates inside a vertical ring of capillaries to provide rapid and efficient excitation and detection of fluorescently labeled fragments separated within a cylindrical capillary array. Use of automated procedures to load and run all capillaries permits one to read more than 350,000 base pairs of raw sequence data per hour.
1. A capillary array electrophoresis apparatus comprising:
a source of radiant energy of a first wavelength;
two spaced cylinders, each having a circumferential edge configured to support an array of capillary tubes;
an objective lens;
means for rotating the objective lens to cause the objective lens to focus the source radiant energy on individual ones of the capillary tubes;
a confocal spatial and spectral filter configured to transmit radiant energy of a second wavelength emitted from the capillary tubes and to reject radiant energy of other wavelengths, comprising:
a dichroic beam splitter mounted on the rotating means and oriented to deflect the source radiant energy into the rotating means, and
a quarter wave plate positioned in the path of the radiant energy between the source of radiant energy and the dichroic beam splitter; and,
a detector configured to measure the intensity of the radiant energy.
2. The apparatus of
wherein the capillary tubes are disposed along the circumference of the two cylinders such that the capillary tubes are substantially vertical.
3. The apparatus of
a micro-stepping indexed motor coupled to the rotor.
4. The apparatus of
a housing in which the objective lens is mounted;
a rotor that rotates the housing such that the objective lens rotates in an arch substantially parallel with the circumference of the two cylinders; and
a motor that rotates the rotor.
5. The apparatus of
a disk mounted on the rotor, wherein the disk has a photodiode positioned at its edge and a slot disposed at least partway along an axis defining a radius of the disk, such that rotation of the slot provides a pulse to enable data acquisition.
6. The apparatus of
at least one color-detection compartment each configured to detect a particular range of the at least one wavelength of the reflected radiant energy.
7. The apparatus of
a beam splitter configured to pass a particular one or more of the at least one wavelength of the reflected radiant energy; and
a photodetector configured to measure the intensity of radiant energy passed to it by the beam splitter.
8. The apparatus of
9. The apparatus of
four dichroic beam splitters, each calibrated to pass a different wavelength of radiant energy emitted from the capillary tubes and to reject all other wavelengths; and
four photodetectors, each of which measures the intensity of radiant energy passed to it by one of the beam splitters.
10. The apparatus of
11. The apparatus of
12. The apparatus of
13. The apparatus of
a collimating lens positioned in the path of a laser beam emerging from the laser; and
an iris diaphragm that limits the aperture of the beam.
14. The apparatus of
15. The apparatus of
16. The apparatus of
17. The apparatus of
18. The apparatus of
19. The apparatus of
20. The apparatus of
21. The apparatus of
22. The apparatus of
at least one post to which each of the one or more cylinders is rigidly attached.
23. The apparatus of
24. The apparatus of
25. An apparatus for determining the sequence of a nucleic acid sample, the apparatus comprising:
a source of radiant energy of a first wavelength;
a stationary support structure having a circumference with a radius of curvature and a plurality of electrophoresis lanes disposed along the circumference of the support structure; and,
a rotating optical detection system for detecting a radiant energy of a second wavelength emanating from individual ones of the electrophoresis lanes, the optical detection system comprising:
collection optics for collecting and focusing the radiant energy of a second wavelength, wherein the collection optics further comprises:
a dichroic beam splitter oriented to deflect the source radiant energy into the rotating optical detection system; and
a quarter wave plate positioned in the path of the source radiant energy between the source of radiant energy and the dichroic beam splitter;
a detector configured to measure an intensity of the radiant energy of a second wavelength; and,
a rotary scanner for directing the radiant energy of the first wavelength to each electrophoresis lane.
26. The apparatus of
at least one color-detection compartment each configured to detect a particular range of the at least one wavelength of the reflected radiant energy.
27. The apparatus of
a beam splitter configured to pass a particular one or more of the at least one wavelength of the reflected radiant energy; and
a photodetector configured to measure the intensity of radiant energy passed to it by the beam splitter.
28. The apparatus of
29. The apparatus of
30. The apparatus of
31. The apparatus of
a collimating lens positioned in the path of the laser beam emerging from a laser; and
an iris diaphragm that limits the aperture of the beam.
32. The apparatus of
an objective lens in the path of the source radiant energy.
33. The apparatus of
34. The apparatus of
35. The apparatus of
36. The apparatus of
37. The apparatus of
38. The apparatus of
four dichroic beam splitters, each calibrated to pass a different wavelength of radiant energy emitted from the capillaries and to reject all other wavelengths; and
four photodetectors, each of which measures the intensity of radiant energy passed to it by one of the beam splitters.
39. A method for detecting fluorescence from organic analytes electrophoretically separated in a plurality of capillaries, the method comprising the steps of
positioning the capillaries around the circumference of at least one cylinder;
receiving a source of radiant energy of a first wavelength,
focusing the radiant energy of the first wavelength onto a capillary so that the radiant energy illuminates analytes within the capillary;
receiving radiant energy reflected from the analytes;
measuring the intensity of radiant energy of a second wavelength;
rotating an objective lens around the circumference of the at least one cylinder to place another capillary within the path of radiant energy of the first wavelength;
repeating the steps of focusing, receiving, and measuring the radiant energy and rotating the objective lens until all desired capillaries have been placed within the path of the radiant energy.
This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 09/579,076, filed on May 25, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,554,986 which is a Continuation-In-Part of application Ser. No. 09/238,131, filed on Jan. 27, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,270,644, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention was made partly with U.S. Government support under a grant from the Advanced Technology Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The government may have certain rights to this invention.
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for separating analytes by capillary electrophoresis. In particular, the present invention relates to capillary array electrophoresis and a method of performing high-speed, high-resolution separations of DNA.
The Human Genome Project is driving the development of instrumentation, reagents and methods to achieve the challenging goal of sequencing 3 billion base pairs of human DNA. One new and effective separation technique for nucleic acid analysis is capillary electrophoresis. The use of this technique for DNA sequencing was first demonstrated in 1990 with the separation of approximately 350 bases on cross-linked gels in just over an hour. Since then, a number of groups have improved this technique. Early improvements, for example, utilized in situ polymerized linear polyacrylamide gels and were successful in obtaining high resolution separations. Polymerization reproducibility was problematic with such methods, however, which has driven the development of replaceable gel matrices. One can now read sequences of approximately 1000 bases in 60–90 minutes using capillaries filled with replaceable linear polyacrylamide solutions.
Adapting capillary electrophoresis to high throughput applications requires that one perform separations on arrays of capillaries. The technique, called capillary array electrophoresis, may be performed in conjunction with confocal fluorescence scanning detection, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,091,652, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. An improved, four-color version of such detection is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,274,240, the entirety of which is also incorporated herein by reference.
In the development of capillary array electrophoresis systems, the goal has typically been to run and detect 96 capillaries in parallel. One such system has been commercially developed; it provides automated sample and gel loading of 96 capillaries and is used by high throughput genome centers and pharmaceutical companies. While such systems have proven valuable, it is still desirable to increase their processing power. While these systems may be able to read over 1000 bases per hour, this figure is not so impressive when one considers that the human genome comprises over 3 billion bases.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus capable of performing capillary array electrophoresis within more than 96 capillaries, and to detect the analytes thus separated. It is a further object of the invention to perform such separation at high speed, suitable for the most demanding high-throughput applications. It is a particular object of the invention to enable detection of over 1,000 bases per hour, and to provide a system compatible with known automation techniques. Yet another object of the invention is to provide for an improved detection apparatus, capable of detecting in four colors the analytes separated.
Described herein is an improved rotary confocal fluorescence scanner capable of detecting analytes separated on over 1,000 capillaries simultaneously. This system uses a confocal microscope objective and mirror assembly that rotates inside a vertical ring of capillaries to provide rapid and efficient excitation and detection of fluorescently labeled fragments separated within a cylindrical capillary array. Use of automated procedures to load and run all capillaries permits one to read more than 350,000 base pairs of raw sequence data per hour.
For convenience of description, the four-color detection system comprises five connected compartments: one for sample excitation and fluorescence (called the objective compartment OC), and four sequential modular color-detection compartments C1, C2, C3, and C4.
The scanning beam in this system is a beam of coherent radiant energy, such as that produced by a laser. An argon ion laser is preferred, though one may use other lasers, such as a tunable dye laser or a diode laser, or one may not use a laser at all: any monochromatic light source having appropriate wavelength range and light intensity may be employed in the practice of the invention. The label "LASER" of
The source of radiant energy is placed anywhere it will not interfere with the operation of the other components of the invention. In the embodiment illustrated in
The appropriate wavelength and intensity of radiant energy will depend on the analytes to be separated and the resolution of detection desired. For DNA, RNA and other fluorescing labeled analytes, a wavelength of radiant energy between approximately 450 nm to 550 nm and an intensity of between approximately 1 mW to 500 mW would be appropriate. For DNA sequencing fragments, a preferred wavelength of radiant energy is 488 nm and a preferred intensity is approximately 350 mW for scanning velocities of 130 cm/s.
In the preferred embodiment illustrated in
Dichroic beam splitter D1 is positioned at an angle so as to deflect the beam to an objective lens (
In the embodiment illustrated in
Dichroic beam splitters D1, D2, D3, and D4 preferably have the characteristics summarized in Table 1. In a preferred embodiment, these beamsplitters are models 505DRLP, 535DRLP, 570DRLP, and 595DRLP, available from Omega Optical, Inc. of Brattleboro, Vt. Each dichroic beam splitters is used in conjunction with a bandpass filter. Presently preferred such filters, also available from Omega Optical, are also listed in Table 1.
Referring to
Capillaries 101 are placed against grooved disks 103, ensuring that the capillaries all lie in the same focal plane and with the same periodicity. The capillary surface has a high curvature at the glass/air interface. Consequently, rays entering the objective lens within the xy plane are focused to a line within the capillary nearest the objective (axial focus) and rays entering along the z direction are focused to a line furthest from the objective (transverse focus). The difference between the focii can be as much as 50–75 μm depending on the inside and outside diameter of the capillary and the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective. One can achieve smaller excitation volumes by decreasing the NA (this is contrary to the usual correlation between NA and diffraction-limited spot size when focusing through plane surfaces).
Referring again to
An achromat lens L1, having a focal length of 105 mm and xyz adjustment, focuses the color-filtered beam on a 200 μm confocal pinhole P1. A preferred such lens is available from Rolyn Optics. A diagonal mirror M3 is mounted so as to be movable in and out of the beam path between L1 and P1. Mirror M3 creates an image plane at the top cover of the compartment C1, and a 20� Ramsden eyepiece E is used to view the image plane. A preferred 20� Ramsden eyepiece is available from Rolyn Optics. Light passing through the pinhole P1 is detected by a photomultiplier tube PMT1. Preferred models of photomultiplier tube are the Hammamatsu HC120-05 and HC120-07, available from Photonics Research Corp. of San Jose, Calif., though other photomultiplier tubes having similar response may be used, as well.
The beam that passes through dichroic beam splitter D2 enters the second compartment C2, the components of which are substantially similar to those in the first detection compartment C1. A removable longpass glass filter LP is used for additional blocking of the laser wavelength. A preferred longpass glass filter is the OG530, available from Omega Optical. OG530 is a universal glass designation, and is independent of the manufacturer of optical equipment used.
Each successive compartment measures a longer wavelength range defined by the respective bandpass filters. Compartments 2, 3 and 4 (C2, C3, and C4) have a sliding shutter S in place of a diagonal mirror to block light from entering the photomultipliers PMT2, PMT3, and PMT4. Compartment 4 (C4) contains a mirror in place of a dichroic beamsplitter and no bandpass filter is used to limit the long wavelength detection range. Plasma lines in the primary laser beam are significant beyond 590 nm and are removed using a line filter. A preferred line filter is the Newport IOLF10-488, available from Newport of Irvine, Calif.
The outputs of the photomultiplier tubes PMT1, PMT2, PMT3, and PMT4 are amplified and filtered using analog low-pass filters, the signal from which is digitized using a 12 to 16 bit analog-to-digital converter. The converter should operate at frequencies consistent with the sampling rate and selected number of data points/revolutions. A preferred such converter is the 3400a, available from Microstar Laboratories of Bellevue, Wash. The analog filter should be appropriate for the data acquisition rate of the converter. A preferred such filter is the SR 640, available from Stanford Research Systems, Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif. The intensity data are collected uni-rotationally and stored in a computer for processing.
Aligning the Laser Beam
The primary laser beam is adjusted parallel to they direction and intersect the center of the iris A1 at the entrance to the objective compartment OC. A far aperture (not shown) is placed in the laser beam path about one to three feet, and preferably two feet before entering iris A1. A parallel front surface mirror is placed on a horizontal platform on top of the scanner head that is perpendicular to the rotation axis. D1 is adjusted so that the laser beam returns on itself; to make this adjustment, all dichroic beam splitter of the invention (as well as all mirrors) are preferably equipped with mechanisms that allow orthogonal adjustments. The unaligned return beam can be seen on the instrument side of the far aperture. Mirror M1 is adjusted to make the beam transmitted by D1 pass through A2 and A6. Lens L1 and band-pass filter B1 are removed and dichroic beam splitter D1 is positioned to make the beam pass through the middle of lens A3 and center on pinhole P1. Photmultiplier tube P1, fastened on the outside of the compartments, is removed and lens L1 is replaced. A white card is placed a small distance beyond the pinhole P1 and lens L1 is adjusted (yz) to pass the focused beam through the pinhole P1. The pinhole diameter is approximately 100 μm to 300 μm, and preferably 200 μm, and is much larger than the spot size produced by lens L1 and can be used, as in the standard "knife edge test," to establish the focal distance for lens L1. The focus of lens L1 (position of minimum beam waist) is moved (along x) until small translations of L1 in the y or z direction produce sudden complete cut-off or turn-on of the beam. Since the laser beam in front of lens L1 is parallel, the objective will be forced to function as if it had an infinite conjugate (even though it has no corrected infinite conjugate), thereby ensuring that the subsequent compartments will be sampling the same confocal region within the capillaries. The beam is left centered on the pinhole P1. The optics in the remaining compartments C2–C4 are adjusted in a similar manner and the photomultiplier tubes PMT2, PMT3, and PMT4 are refastened on the exterior housings. Bandpass filters B1–B3 and longpass filter LP are replaced. The mirror on the horizontal platform is removed and the plane glass optic is tilted to center the beam on the objective aperture.
The capillaries are placed in grooves around the cylinders (
In a preferred embodiment, the solution used to perform the final adjustments is a 1 nM fluorescein solution in a 1�TBE buffer (i.e., a buffer comprising 90 mM Tris, 90 mM boric acid, and 2 mM EDTA) having a pH of 8.0. Other solutions may be used as well, as long as they contain materials that can be excited with the source of radiant energy used and fluoresce in the region of 500 to 600 nm.
The capillaries used to adjust the focal region must have the same ID and OD as the capillaries that are to be used in sequencing measurements. In a preferred embodiment, the capillary has an ID of 100 μm and an OD of 200 μm.
In alternative embodiments, the detection system may comprise a single dichroic beam splitter and a single photomultiplier tube. Such a system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,091,652. Alternate embodiments of a detection system employing four dichroic beam splitters and four photomultiplier tubes is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,274,240. Additional colors can be added in an obvious fashion, designed to detect additional analytes.
The capillary bundles are connected to a high pressure reservoir by means of a 1″ thick lucite adaptor plate (H), which is attached through four posts to the bottom of the lower grooved cylinder (B). A mating Lucite cylinder (L) contains a trough (K), isolated by two O-rings, that holds matrix material that is forced into the capillaries under pressure. The ends of the capillary bundles extend about �″ beyond the bottom of the adaptor plate and reach near the bottom of the trough (L) when it is bolted to the adaptor plate (H). The assembly (L) is secured to the adaptor plate by means of eight �-20 bolts around the central area and sixteen bolts (the clearance holes are visible in this quadrant) around the perimeter of (L). A ring containing threaded holes for the central bolts and four separate quarter rings for the outer bolts facilitate the assembly process.
Fabrication and Mounting of Capillary Arrays
Data Acquisition
The rotating laser beam initiates data acquisition by means of a light pulse from an optic fiber, preferably with a diameter of approximately 200 μm, placed in the focal region ahead of the first capillary to be measured. The fiber optic feeds a remote photodiode that produces a pulse that initiates simultaneous data collection from four independent 12-bit ADCs on a data acquisition board. A preferred such board is the 3400a, manufactured by Microstar Laboratories, of Bellevue, Wash.
In an alternative embodiment, one can initiate data acquisition by mounting a thin disk to the shaft of the stepper motor. The disk has a slot disposed at least part way along an axis defining the radius of the disk, preferably forming an opening near the disk's edge. A command diode emitter/receiver is positioned at the edge of the disk. The rotating slot provides a pulse every revolution of the disk, and the timing of the pulse is positioned, by rotating the disk along the shaft, to occur in the gap between one of the quadrants.
Sample times may be from 5 to 15 us per data point, although 11.55 us per data point is preferred. The rotation speed of the rotor is set to match the data rate to give from 10 to 20 data points across the repeat spacing of the capillaries. In a preferred embodiment, the rotation speed is set to 4.008337 rev/e to give exactly 18 data points (86.4 Khz data rate). The precision of the rotation is such that the last capillary to be measured in one rotation is in exact registration with its expected data position.
To demonstrate the positional accuracy of the scanner, one can arrange groups of eight capillaries at the beginning of each of the four quadrants of the scanner. A 1 nM fluorescein solution in 1�Tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) is circulated through 32 capillaries; the fluorescence signals detected during one rotation of the scanner (21,600 data points) are shown in
Signal to Noise Optimization
Rotary scanning enables rapid and smooth beam motion that is essential for high-speed interrogation of a large number of capillaries. The consequence of these conditions for the limiting signal-to-noise ratio can be considered with reference to theories of fluorescence detection optimization, such as those set forth, for example, in R. A. Mathies et al., Analytical Chemistry, vol. 66, at 1424–1431 (1994). In the present invention, the detection zone of the preferred 340 mW (8.5�107 photons per second) laser beam is approximately a 20�20 μm area and the transit time of the 20 μm beam past a pixel is approximately 16 μs at a scan rate of 4 Hz. For fluorescein this gives a dimensionless excitation intensity (κ) of approximately 0.3 and a dimensionless transit time (τ) of approximately 0.1 based on a photodestruction quantum yield of 2.7�105. These parameters are better than those used for linear scanners (κ=−0.006, τ=˜13) and are close to the optimum for laser-excited fluorescence detection. This results in near-optimal interrogation of all of the analyses illuminated by the beam. Furthermore, the velocity of an ˜300 base sequencing fragment is ˜100 μm/s; the 4 Hz data acquisition rate therefore interrogates ˜80% of the fragments in a typical electrophoretic band. The width at half-height for a 300 base band is ˜4 s, which leads to 16 data points over the half-width. Fragments of smaller size will be somewhat under-sampled while larger fragments will be oversampled. Nevertheless, the effective duty cycle of this high-speed scanning system is within a factor of two of that available in continuous illumination and CCD imaging detection and the photophysical properties are near optimal. The limits of detection of this system were determined by flowing fluorescein at varying concentrations through the capillaries. Scanning at 2 Hz with 600 mW of laser power and a flowing fluorescein solution, one finds that the difference signal (510–530 nm) between 10 PM fluorescein and water can be observed with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2. The optimum laser power is determined by observing fluorescence from a capillary filled with 1 nM fluorescein solution in 1�TBE and increasing the laser power until the signal reaches a plateau. At these power levels (typically ˜300 mW) there is no degradation of signal in a stationary fluorescein solution when scanned at 2–4 Hz. This indicates that at these rotation velocities, the illumination time is below the photodestruction time and that the signal is limited by ground state depletion and the number of fluorescent molecules present. Diffusion between scans replaces molecules as fast as they are destroyed.
Capillaries, Sieving Matrix and Samples
Fused-silica capillaries (50 cm long, 75 μm ID, 180 μm OD) are preferably precoated with acrylamide. One may obtain such capillaries from Polymicro Technologies of Phoenix, Ariz. One preferably surface-treats these using a Grignard reaction and coated with 3% acrylamide according to the procedure described by Dolnik et al., Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 10, pg. 175–184 (September 1998). The capillaries are then cut and bundled into groups of 32 as described above. Windows in the capillaries are burned approximately 8.1 cm from the anodic end using hot concentrated sulfuric acid. Preferably, one then uses a replaceable linear polyacrylamide (LPA) sieving matrix prepared according to the procedure of Carrilho et al., Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 68, pg. 3305–3313 (1996), with slight modifications: a 6% solution of acrylamide in 10 mL of water is degassed under helium for half an hour followed by addition of 5 μL of 10% TEMED (Bio-Rad, Hercules, Calif.) and 10 uL of 10% APS (ammonium persulfate; Bio-Rad) at 0� C. The polymerization is allowed to proceed for 24 h at 0� C. The polymerized gel was diluted to a final concentration of 3% in 7 M urea and 50 mM Tris, 50 mM N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid (TAPS) and 2 mM EDTA buffer. DNA sequencing samples are synthesized using M13mp18 single-stranded templates, cyanine donor energy transfer (ET) primers, such as those described in S.C. Hung, et al., Analytical Biochemistry, Vol. 252, pg. 78–88 (1997), and Thermo Sequenase (available from Amersham Life Science, Cleveland, Ohio) following the Sanger dideoxy method, as described in Sanger et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 74, pg. 5463–5467 (1977).
DNA may be sequenced as follows. Four DNA sequencing reactions are set up, one for each dye/ddNTP pair. C10R110, C10G, C10T and C10R primers were used to label reactions terminated with ddCTP, ddTTP, ddGTP and ddATP, respectively. For each reaction, 1 μL of the pre-mix from the Thermo Sequenase kit is mixed with 0.4 pmol of the primer and 0.2 μg of the template DNA. Twenty cycles (95� C. for 45 s, 45� C. for 30 s and 70� C. for 45 s) are performed. followed by ethanol precipitation. The precipitated DNA is dissolved in 4 μL of 70% deionized formamide for loading.
Sieving Matrix Loading
The capillaries are filled with replaceable LPA by loading the matrix into the well (
Sample Loading
The capillaries can be loaded using electrokinetic injection. Each quadrant has its own loading area which allows injection of a total of 1024 samples. The injector (
Data Analysis
Data obtained using the rotary scanner and four-color confocal detection system is summed post-run into individual capillary files. The sequence data are analyzed and base-called using BaseFinder, as described in M. C. Giddings et al., Genome Research, Vol. 6, pg. 644–665 (1998). BaseFinder uses a set of modules, each with user-input parameters, to define a script which can be saved and used on multiple runs. These scripts consist of primer peak deletion, baseline correction, spectral separation using a multicomponent matrix transformation, noise filtering and deconvolution, histogram equalization, mobility shift correction, and base calling. The primer peak is identified automatically by the program and the data preceding the primer deleted. The baseline correction is performed with a moving window of 350 points. The color-separated data are Gaussian-filtered and normalized. Identical filtering and base-calling parameters are used for 80% of the capillary runs; the parameters have to be reoptimized for the other data files. A typical set of parameters used are described in the following section. Identical nonlinear mobility shifts are applied to each file prior to base-calling.
For ease of sample loading, four bundles of 32 capillaries were placed in the first quadrant of the scanner. Each capillary in this image is represented by four different color lanes, one for each base. The sequence data in each capillary is aligned at base position 280 and 14 min of data for each capillary are presented. The sequencing bands are observed in more than one lane for some of the bases due to the spectral overlap of the primers. This spectral overlap is corrected by the multidimensional matrix script in BaseFinder. The insets in
The 12-bit text sequence data obtained from the scanner were averaged over two cycles and base-called using BaseFinder. The background-subtracted, color-separated, mobility-shift-corrected, and base-called data from capillary 64 is presented in
The sequence data from the 118 good capillaries were analyzed for sample injection and base-calling efficiency. The injection was unsuccessful for capillaries 2, 3, 19, 49 and 88. The injection efficiency was thus 96%.
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PE Explorer makes it easy to view, analyze and edit win32 executable files (EXE, DLL, SYS, ActiveX). Offers easy-to-use
Free Dll Viewer is a program that lets you visualize DLL (Dynamic Link Library) files. This program also offers
A powerful All-In-One
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Anywhere PE Viewer is a free tool for exploring PE (Portable Executable) files (EXE, DLL). With Anywhere PE Viewer, you
Is your computer desktop getting overcrowded? Are you having difficulty quickly accessing software applications? Then it's time
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Displays the list of exported functions and their memory addresses for the specified DLL files. You can easily
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ActMon Process Monitoring displays detailed information about all running processes. The process library
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30 - Indicator on import window of custom LUA
What is the enhancement in mind? How should it look and feel?
When you import an aura from say a forum or chatlink, the little import window pops up. If that aura has custom LUA in it, it would be nice to have WeakAuras2 show a little warning with red text that says something like "Contains custom LUA, click here to view all LUA in this aura" and when you do, it just brings up a big scroll-able text window with all of the custom LUA in the aura with maybe a little header saying where that code could be found in the aura.
Please provide any additional information below.
Arbitrary LUA code is powerful, it would be nice to be able to have the entirety of any LUA in an aura lain out from of me for my inspection.
|Dec 04, 2013 at 15:36 UTC
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- Dec 04, 2013
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- Enhancement - A change which is intended to better the project in some way
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South African sprinter Caster Semenya finds her own biology playing out before the world, which is "heart-wrenching," says Thomas Rogers in Broadsheet on Salon. Still, it may have the benefit of exposing society to the hard reality that gender matters are not always so binary and simple as male or female.
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Gear Question
I just bought a pair of Rossignol X5 NNN...
I just bought a pair of Rossignol X5 NNN boots. Should these fit my Rottefella NNN BC bindings? The tread seems to keep the bar from engaging or I am just thick?
Sandy Brown
The X5 should fit the NNN-BC binding. Try rocking your foot forward as you push the bar into the slot.
J-Man of the Loaf
Gonna be honest. The X5 boot is meant for the standard T3 or T4 and the manual versions. The actual sole of the boot is incompatible. The BC X2 (Rossignol) would be the comparable boot to the X5.
Sorry for the bad news.
View More Details on Rottefella Rottefella NNN BC Auto Binding


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