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Asian-Americans, Pacific Islanders and Diabetes
Half of the increase in type 2 diabetes worldwide by 2025 is predicted to be in Asians and Pacific Islanders. Although data on the number of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders who have diabetes are limited, studies show that type 2 diabetes is a growing problem among some groups within this population.
- In Hawaii, Native Hawaiians have more than twice the rate of diabetes as whites.
- Asians are 20 percent less likely than non-Hispanic whites to die from diabetes.
- In Hawaii, Native Hawaiians are 5.7 times as likely as whites living in Hawaii to die from diabetes.
- Filipinos living in Hawaii have more than 3 times the death rate as whites living in Hawaii.
While there are a small number of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders with type 1 diabetes, most Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders with diabetes have type 2. This is due to the food choices of some Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, which have changed due to their migration to the United States and to modern times. Instead of their traditional plant- and fish-based diets, they are choosing foods with more animal protein, animal fats, and processed carbohydrates. (In addition, they have become less physically active. As a result, their chances of developing diabetes have increased.)
Excerpted and adapted from Diabetes in American Indians and Alaska Natives Fact Sheet (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases); National Institute of Health and Human Services: The Office of Minority Health.
Reviewed by Jason C. Baker, M.D. 06/11.
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Diabetes news headlines from around the world. Diabetes in trucking: Three things you need to know: American Trucker 1: Convoys don't like to wait for blood sugar checks. Jerks! 2: Be careful with pump tubing when rig "transforms" into Optimus Prime 3: The Dainty Diabetic, it turns out, is not the best trucker CB radio handle. Simon Gault's reality TV...


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|HeroArts.com » Hero Products » Browse Products
ClearDesign: Thank You Sayings
Product Number: CL341
This set offers options galore to express your thanks. Hero Arts Clear Design 4x6" sets are made only in the USA from premium grade photopolymer for true impressions every time. They are easy to use, easy to clean, and always cling.
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Gavin & Stacey (2007– )
Ratings: 7.9/10 from 8,218 users
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Gavin and Stacey have been continuing their romance on-line and by telephone for the last six months. Now they want to be together but will their friends and family let them?
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I disagree with this and let me explain why. The screenshot from above is from Immersive Armors, a compilation mod that is CONSTANTLY being updated with new armors. It wasn't as big as it was now and it's certainty wasn't done all by one guy.
Not sure what the bottom picture is trying to say, to be honest, but I think it's implying that all Skyrim armor mods now are skimpy. If you don't search for skimpy mods you (hopefully) won't see them. Skyrim modders have been producing quality armors from Week One of release and every day, more mods are coming out.
This picture is wrong, in my opinion, but what are your thoughts? Has Skyrim armor mods been getting worse or better?
Views: 431
Armor mods? I haven't seen anything surpassing Immersive Armors and that mod is quite old (despite being constantly updated). Overall there are mods that appeal to certain people, calling those mods bad is wrong IMO. Even SoS can appeal to some people (definitely not me). Modding is always about editing and adding game content and it will never have something used by every modder out there. Even SkyUI is not used by some people
Comparison of the year award goes to...
Good comparison Miraak. True.
Top half is Gophersvids
Bottom half is MMOxReview
A good portion of Skyrim modding has turned into Barbie Doll Simulator 2014. However the rest of it is quite nice.
I think its implying that modders are straying away from CORRECT immersive armor mods.there making the armor alien and not elder scroll esque.
Meh, both types of mods have been out since day one, not that different today really. Also, if you think Skyrim mods are bad, you should see Oblivion mods. There are some real gems out there, but you have to sift through about 20 pages of mods that are basically porn in order to find them.
I don't get it.
I want to see those characters in the top part wreck something...
Apart from the glamazons faction - yes I am talking pretty hair , big breasts and armoured bikinis . I hate them, but so many mods armour and everything are outstanding. Immersive armours is a must.


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Posted at: 01/01/2013 10:15 AM
Calling hours are scheduled Tuesday for a Fairport soldier killed in Alaska.
The body of Army Private First Class Grant Wise returned home to the Rochester airport Monday.
Officials say wise was found dead of a gunshot wound on a base in Anchorage, Alaska Christmas morning.
Calling hours for Wise are 4 p.m. to 8 p.m. Tuesday and from 12 p.m. to 2 p.m. Wednesday at Keenan's Funeral Home in Fairport.
The memorial service is Wednesday night at 7 p.m. at the Perinton Presbyterian Church.


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Grivel Speedy Ice Screw - Long�65, added Jan/2011, see all Grivel news & reviews
announcement by Grivel
Grivel Speedy Long incorporates a 20cm Helix ice screw and 20cm sling and biner quickdraw attachment.
Speedy is a quickdraw-ice screw combo specifically designed to simplify manoeuvres of placement and removal safely without losing the screw. It consists of a shackel rotating freely on the screw tube, a sling in highly resistant Dyneema and a carabiner. There's a weight reduction of 15% compared to the traditional screw plus quickdraw and double carabiner.
With a Speedy the climber can set up a self belay by attaching the rope after only a few turns of the screw and then finish screwing in safely. As the carabiner hangs perpendicular to the ice it's easy to thread the rope with the carabiner facing in the right direction.
- The generously sized carabiner makes it easy to use with winter gloves.
- The point of force is right up against the ice and follows the screw's length.
- The ridge on the tube keeps Speedy in the right position avoiding whiplash in case of an abrupt jerk and stops the quickdraw slipping down the tube during placement.
- Speedy lets the climber remove the screw without unthreading the rope so it's impossible to lose the screw, as once out of the ice it will be attached to the harness.
Weight: 258g Speedy Quickdraw Length: 20cm
Speedy 'Long' comes with a 20cm Helix Ice Screw.
UK Stockists: www.grivelgb.co.uk
|£63.00. Free UK Delivery!
See this product at the Outside Ltd shop
|The biggest range of Ice Gear + free shipping!
See this product at the Needle Sports shop
Gear News and Outdoor Industry News at UKC and UKH presents climbing, walking and mountaineering equipment and stories that will be of interest to UKClimbing.com's readers. They are not gear reviews and are provided by companies that advertise with UKClimbing Limited. Please feel free to comment about the stories and products on the associated thread.


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Frank Lewis
PDT Staff Writer
It has been 20 years since the 11-day prisoner riot at Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, and for those involved, the memory and pain is still as sharp as the day the chaos began.
One of the hostages finds the events of the riot — which started April 11, 1993 and ended April 21, 1993 — continue to haunt him mentally, emotionally and physically.
"I stopped back at the doctor's today," Jeff Ratcliff said. "I've got to have a new knee where they busted me on the knees with a ball bat. I've got two ripped and herniated discs in my lower back; shoulder surgery, and I'm going to have to have a test on my neck. They're thinking surgery there too. And it's all related to the prison riot. They've got me mentally and physically disabled. I go to the psychiatrist and take meds from him. And I take meds from regular doctors. I've been suffering it out. I've been waiting as long as I could before I had all the surgeries, but it's coming to a head that I'm going to have to start having them here pretty soon."
It was Easter weekend, 1993, and it looked to be one of those quiet holiday weekends that inmates and staff alike at Southern Ohio Correctional Facility had come to expect.
Approximately 250 inmates were returning to L-Block from recreation yards at the maximum security facility in Lucasville. According to the Columbia Journalism Review, staff on the yard included two activity therapists, six recreation officers and three correctional officers. As the officer at the entry metal detector began processing inmates into L-Block, he was attacked. Almost simultaneously, inmates assaulted a corridor officer, taking his keys and baton. A silent alarm alerted the control center, and officers began to respond. Inmates rushed to unlock cells and overpower corridor officers.
"I was working L-2, and it was rec(reation), and they were ready to come back in," Ratcliff said. "I heard a bunch of noise, looked out the door, looked down and saw inmates taking the guards in the hallway. They had taken their keys, where you can open all the blocks. I saw inmates running back and forth, and then I saw officers down, supervisors down. I couldn't get in my block, and I went back to the stairwell."
Ratcliff went inside the seemingly safe area and called for help. None arrived.
"I called and called and called, and they would say they would be back, and then finally I just gave up," Ratcliff said. "I saw them break the door in the front. And then they came back to where I was at."
Ratcliff said the inmates told him if they had to come through the door it would be "100 percent death." But, if he would give up he would be spared. He did. And for the next 11 days, he said he and fellow prison employees were beaten. He said the rioters were sharpening knives, poking his throat, blindfolding him, and pouring water on his forehead, dropping weight bars beside his head, telling him his head was going to be next.
Eventually, a surrender was worked out, and the process of turning hostages loose and turning themselves in began.
"Then, everybody got let out but I wasn't released yet," Ratcliff said. "They turned the cameras off and I was still inside. Then, I went over to the FBI and Highway (Patrol) Troopers so they could make sure it was me and I walked up the hallway and went to the hospital, stayed there for a little while."
Ratcliff said one of the things that stays in his mind is his negotiating for the release of a hostage while he himself was a hostage. He said his fellow officer had a family at the time, and was only 20 years old, so he gave up his freedom to allow the other officer to go free.
Loss and lack of closure
Bobby Vallandingham, Jr., was just 19, was proud to serve his country in the military and in April of 1993, was stationed in California when he got word the riot had broken out.
"During the second day of the riot, I was home. The evening of the second day, I was sitting at Valley High School," Vallandingham, Jr. said.
The Lucasville-Valley community had just built a new school across from the prison, and it had not as yet been occupied by students, but was, instead, first used by the families of the hostages. It is while Vallandingham, Jr. was there that he received word that his father, Robert Vallandingham, Sr. had been killed and his body thrown out onto the prison grounds. Vallandingham, Jr.'s life was changed forever, and during the Easter season especially, it all comes back to him. At times the loss of his father overwhelms him.
"What makes me mad is my kids not knowing him," Vallandingham, Jr. said. "That's one of the most hurtful things that was a result of it, them not knowing him."
Both Bobby Vallandingham, Jr. and his mother Peggy remain angry about the death of their father/husband, and the aftermath of the riot. What remains a missing piece of the puzzle is the fact that Vallandingham, Sr. apparently got along with most of the inmates, raising the question, why was he chosen to die?
"That's one reason I still lay a lot of blame on the state," Vallandingham, Jr. said. "One person in particular that made the statement that 'we're not taking their threats (to kill hostages) serious on the radio and TV. But they damn well knew that the inmates were sitting there watching, and they (the rioters) thought, 'you know what, we'll show you we're serious,' and I think that is what that all stemmed from. Because he was liked and respected, and they knew that, and they thought, 'we're gonna make a point and we're gonna make a point right now and we'll get everybody's attention and they'll know we're serious.'"
When the smoke cleared, 47 inmates were convicted of violent crimes. Five were sentenced to death, including four of the seven convicted for their roles in the slaying of Vallandingham, Sr.
Peggy Vallandingham said the thoughts surrounding the riot and her loss are never far from her mind, but this time of year is always a more difficult time. She resents the fact that some of those convicted in the riot murders remain on death row.
"Until they decide to execute, Bobby (Jr.) nor I will ever have closure," Peggy Vallandingham said. "To be quite frank, I'm sick of housing them because certainly it is my tax dollars that go to keep them. And I don't like that at all. But unfortunately the government won't make me exempt from paying taxes. It's just not good. It never is."
One of the people credited with bringing the siege to a resolution was Cleveland criminal defense attorney Niki Z. Schwartz.
"The riot started on Easter Sunday," Schwartz told the Daily Times. "One week later, on the following Sunday morning, I got a call at home from the chief counsel for the Department of Corrections, who explained to me that they were in the seventh or eighth day of the riot. That they had been negotiating with the inmates, had made some progress, but had reached an impasse. That the inmates had demanded a lawyer, and they decided they wanted to give them one, and they would like it to be me if I was willing to do it. That they were asking me because they knew me from two previous prison condition cases that I had against them."
Schwartz said while he differed with authorities, there was nonetheless a mutual respect.
"Although I was a pain in the posterior, they regarded me as honorable and would trust me," Schwartz said. "And they thought because I had been an advocate of prisoner's rights, and decent prison conditions, the prisoners might trust me, and they were looking for somebody both sides could trust. So with that introduction, how could I say no?"
Schwartz said the inmates had a list of 21 demands, which Schwartz said centered around the inmates safety at the time of surrender. He said some dealt with the fear of retaliation.
He said the most frequently asked question he gets about the experience is, "Weren't you scared?" Schwartz said he answers, "There was only one time I was scared, and that was on the toy plane that the Highway Patrol flew me down there in."
Schwartz said in the years that followed, he remained in touch with some of those charged in the riots.
"When I arrived all of the prisoners thought I was their lawyer," Schwartz said. "When the riot ended I recognized that there wasn't enough of me to go around. And that there would be inevitable conflicts between and among prisoners, so it was impossible for me to represent everybody. So I concluded that I would limit my role to issues relating to the 21 points to do what I could to see to it that the state lived up to the agreement on those 21 issues. One of the issues was the promise of fair and impartial prosecution, and I spent an enormous amount of time working on doing what I could to see that the prisoners got effective assistance of counsel in their cases, but I didn't personally represent them in any of their cases."
Lives changed forever
While citizens who sat glued to their radios and televisions for 11 days have mostly been able to get back to their lives, there are those who have been changed forever. Peggy Vallandingham lost a husband who loved to coach and officiate local sports events, a dedicated part of the Minford community.
Bobby Vallandingham, Jr. not only lost his father, but has to explain to his children why they will never get to know their grandfather.
For Jeff Ratcliff, the memories are forever evident in his aches, pains, and emotional scars that will probably never go away.
"Every year when Easter comes, or when an anniversary comes, whenever it comes that time, I can feel it. And my wife says it's the worst time of year for her and the family, because I change. It's just like I change for the worst," Ratcliff said. "I get flashbacks. I dream it, I can't sleep. I get nervous."
For Ratcliff there is no end to the agony or the anger that goes with it. It just goes on and on and on.
Frank Lewis may be reached at 740-353-3101, ext. 252, or at email@example.com. For breaking news, follow Frank on Twitter @FrankLewisPDT.


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We're always told, growing up, that if we work really, really hard at something, we'll achieve our goal. Our wish we come true! It's true of passing the SATs, earning a spot on the cheerleading squad — and successfully stealing another woman's man out from under his nose.
Perseverance, Fortitude, Triumph: 10 Side Chicks Who Successfully Became The Main Chick
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Your parents' attitude towards your drumming
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Beam Me Up Scotty
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Join Date: Dec 2012
Location: Ontario, Canada
Posts: 911
Re: Your parents' attitude towards your drumming
As far as my parents were concerned, my mother was against my getting a kit whilst my father was all for it. Oddly enough, she got me my first set, when I was 15. It was a no-name children's kit that her friend was throwing out. It lasted roughly 3 months before my father allowed me to look for a used kit online. So I guess you could say in the end both my parents were all for it.
As for musicians in the family, my great uncle is a bassist and vocalist, and another great uncle is a drummer. Both of these men are in their 50s to 60s, and have been musicians their entire life.
But other than those two, my brother and I are the only other musicians in the family.
Cheers! :)
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By clarencecarter | REVERSEBLOG: the reverse shot blog August 7, 2006 at 4:00AM
The Sincerest Form of Flattery
Over at the Back Row Manifesto, Tom Hall chimes in with his own personal "Take" from Gimmer Shelter in response to our newest symposium. Definitely worth a read (especially since, as Tom notes, we didn't cover any documentaries--ouch) and we're more than flattered that we've inspired this addition.
Given that we do these symposiums as a means of bringing some kind of collective force to bear on an idea or issue, if there's anyone else out there with their own "Take One," please feel free to blog it and send us a link or drop it in the comments. We take all comers.


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Nathan Pasha
April 24, 2012
ATHENS, Ga. --- Coming off an SEC championship and a pair of wins over top-10 teams over the weekend, the Georgia men's tennis team shot up two spots to No. 2 in the Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) poll released Tuesday afternoon. Georgia was last ranked No. 2 on Feb. 24, 2009.
Georgia (23-2) has now been ranked in the top-10 in all 14 team polls of 2012 and has fallen inside the top-5 the last seven weeks.
Three-time defending NCAA champion Southern Cal remained No. 1, followed by Georgia, Ohio State, Virginia, and UCLA to round out this week's top five. The Southeastern Conference has three teams in the top-10 in Georgia, Kentucky (6), and Mississippi State (9), while Florida (11), Ole Miss (13), Auburn (15), and Tennessee (16) fall in the top 20.
Individually, the Bulldogs are led by Wil Spencer at No. 10 in the singles poll this week, followed by KU Singh (23), Sadio Doumbia (32), Ignacio Taboada (49), and Hernus Pieters (52). In doubles, Georgia has five ranked teams including the duos of Spencer and Garrett Brasseaux (32), Doumbia and Taboada (35), Pasha and Taboada (40), Pieters and Taboada (41), and Pasha and Doumbia (61).
Georgia captured its 34th SEC title this weekend in Starkville, Miss., registering wins over No. 17 Auburn, No. 9 Mississippi State, and No. 6 Kentucky for its eighth tournament crown. The Bulldogs will await their place in the NCAA field of 64 to be announced on Tues., May 1 at 5 p.m. in a live stream on NCAA.com.


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How to Grow Saffroncomments (13) July 29th, 2008
Lancaster County cuisine is a humble cuisine. For centuries, our Amish and Mennonite kitchen gardens have produced farmers' food—basic, unassuming meals that are meant to "stick to your ribs" and nourish your soul. My Mennonite grandmothers were not trend-setting gourmets. They knew nothing of nouvelle brunches, or spa cuisine, or macrobiotic dinners. Our food, here, is not about tarragon sauce and angel-hair pasta. We think in terms of quantity, not subtlety, at our farm tables.
For many visiting food lovers, it comes as a great surprise, then, to discover that our rural Pennsylvania Dutch cooks are connoisseurs of the world's most expensive and exotic spice—saffron. Elsewhere, this garden spice is often shrouded in an aura of exotic mystery, but Lancaster County gardeners have been growing it alongside the cabbages for centuries.
|Related article:
• Saffron in the Pennsylvania Dutch Tradition
Saffron recipes:
• Stewed Chicken with Saffron and Chervil
• Saffron-Flavored Spelt Salad with Corn
• Saffron Tea Cake
Saffron recipes from FineCooking.com...
Here, saffron is not the extravagant luxury it is thought to be elsewhere. Roman emperors bathed in saffron-scented waters and carpeted their theaters with the purple blossoms. Mennonites never did all that. Saffron, for us, means food—chicken dishes. This crocus provides the deep yellow color and pungent flavor that is critical for the success of some of our most traditional dishes. Actually, any dish using poultry or egg noodles is fair game for saffron in Lancaster County. Our traditional cuisine calls for this yellow seasoning so frequently that we have been referred to as the "Yellow Dutch."
posted in: flowers, spices
Comments (13)
Posted: 11:26 am on April 18th
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Posted: 8:53 am on March 28th
Prices of the best saffron (kashmiri) has dropped significantly to $3 per gram at source, you can imagine how much will be at retail elsewhere.
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Video:How to Make a Cat Toy Puzzlewith Debbie Anderson
Looking for a way to keep your cat entertained? See how to create a homemade cat toy puzzle that will stimulate your cat for hours on end.See Transcript
Transcript:How to Make a Cat Toy PuzzleHi! I'm Debbie Anderson for About.com! Keeping your cat entertained can feel like a never-ending quest to come up with new ideas, so today I'm going to show you how to make a cat toy puzzle that will keep kitty entertained for hours a day!
What You'll NeedFor this project you will need, a large shallow translucent disposable plastic storage container with a lid, a pair of scissors, kitty treats, a sheet of multi-purpose paper, a small bell, yarn, a ruler, and bouncy balls.
Cut Holes in LidFirst, use your scissors to cut several 1-2 inch holes in the lid for the plastic storage container.
Then use the pointy end of the scissors to poke two small holes near the center of the lid.
Next, cut a piece of yarn that is approximately 6 inches in length and feed the yarn through the loop on the small bell.
Feed Yarn Through HolesThen, starting from the underside of the lid and working your way toward the outer topside of the lid, feed each end of the yarn through the two small holes in the center of the lid and then tie the two pieces of yarn together to create a small knot.
Create Paper BallsNext, tear a piece of paper into quarter sheets of paper and then crumble each piece of paper with your hands until each piece of paper is now a small crinkly wad of balled up paper.
Place the crumpled paper balls of paper, a small handful of kitty treats, and the bouncy balls inside the large translucent plastic storage container.
Then securely place the lid on top of the container, making sure the small bell is dangling inside the center of the container.
Give Toy to Your CatFinally, place the Cat Toy Puzzle in an area of the home where your cat can reach their paws inside the Cat Toy Puzzle through the top of the Cat Toy Puzzle to grab at the kitty treats while having fun batting at the other toys inside the container.
As your cat retrieves the kitty treats inside, continue to refill the Cat Toy Puzzle with small handfuls of kitty treats every couple of days to keep kitty going back to the toy.
With these few simple inexpensive items, your cat will sure stayed entertained each and everyday.
Thank you for watching! To learn more, please visit us on the web at About.com!
About videos are made available on an "as is" basis, subject to the User Agreement.


text: Tweet photo credit: Greens MPs (Flickr CC) The government of Australia, led by Prime Minister Julia Gillard (Labor), recently passed a law called 'Stronger Futures', an extension of the previous governments 'NT Intervention' laws. Both laws have received criticism because they treat Aboriginal Australians differently then the rest of the country. Stronger Futures has drawn comparisons between Apartheid era South Africa and segregation policies in America's Southern States before the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. According to the AAP, 27 'prominent' Australians have written a letter to the leaders of the major parties in Australia's Parliament in protest of the legislation, claiming it violates the Racial Discrimination Act, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous people. From another AAP article: The bills, which will continue the intervention for ten years, include alcohol restrictions and a controversial program that cuts the welfare payments of parents whose kids skip school, known as the student enrolment and attendance measure (SEAM). What's more is that the Australian government has just passed a bill allowing the construction of the country's first nuclear waste dump, with plans to build it on Aboriginal land in the Northern Territories. Australian Native Title law requires the consultation and compensation of indigenous peoples – considered to be the traditional landowners – before any new major construction is to take place. From the Guardian: Aboriginal groups launched legal action after claiming that traditional owners of the land around Muckaty do not approve of the dump, despite the government maintaining that the local Ngapa indigenous community supports the plan. Additional arguments against the site include claims that it is located in an earthquake zone which experiences regular flooding and that the waste would have to be transported over vast distances, adding to the likelihood of accidents. Additional resources: 9 News – NT intervention like Apartheid: lawyers Stand for Freedom (movement of opposition to the Stronger Futures laws) Sign the Change.org petition against Stronger Futures SUBSCRIBE TO NEWSLETTER Thank you, your sign-up request was successful! Please check your e-mail inbox. Given email address is already subscribed, thank you! Please provide a valid email address. Oops. Something went wrong. Please try again later.


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Albert H. Soliz Library (el Rio) 2820 Jourdan Street, Oxnard, CA 93036 (805)485-4515
VCL Maker Space
Tuesday, April 1, 2014 - 8:00pm - 10:00pm
Foster, Topping Room - 3D Modeling Workshop: join in on it, talk about it, or bring your own project to work on.
VCL Maker Space
Tuesday, March 25, 2014 - 6:30pm - 8:00pm
Foster, Topping Room - Family night! Learn the ancient art of origami.
VCL Maker Space
Tuesday, March 11, 2014 - 7:30pm - 9:00pm
Foster, Topping Room - CAPS media night.
VCL Maker Space
Tuesday, March 4, 2014 - 8:00pm - 10:00pm
Foster, Topping Room - 3D Modeling and 3D Printing, join in on it, talk about it, or bring your own project to work on.
All libraries are CLOSED in honor of Veterans Day
Tuesday, November 11, 2014 - 10:00am - 8:00pm
Adult Literacy - the 25th Annual Trivia Challenge
Thursday, November 21, 2013 - 6:00pm
Held at the Wedgewood Banquet Center at 5880 Olivas Park Drive, in Ventura 93003
- A night of fun supporting READ Ventura County Library Adult Literacy Program
- Only $5 admission for audience members
- Interested in participating on a team? Please call READ Ventura County Library at (805) 677-7160
- This event is hosted by the Rotary Club of Ventura-South
- More information
Literacy Fair at Prueter Library
Sunday, October 6, 2013 - 10:00am - 2:00pm
- Admission is FREE!
- More information - flyer
- Educational fun for the whole family
- Meet the PAWS for Reading dogs and listen to a story read by the VCL Story Fairy
- Talk to a real Firefighter and learn about fire trucks
- Get emergency preparedness information from the Red Cross
- Snack at some of Ventura County's favorite Food Trucks
- Checkout our opportunity drawing baskets
VCL booth at the Golden Future 50+ Senior Expo
Saturday, August 24, 2013 - 10:00am - 3:00pm
Ventura County Fairgrounds - Anacapa Hall
- Free admission!
- More information
Maker Space Showcase!
Tuesday, September 17, 2013 - 7:00pm - 9:00pm
E.P. Foster Library - Topping Room
- Ventura County Library launches a weekly Maker meeting - to be held every Tuesday evening in the Topping Room at E.P. Foster Library.
- Come learn what Maker Spaces are all about - see examples of robotics and media projects, 3D printers, and knitting & crafting projects.
- Learn about the local and national Maker network - tap into your neighbors' interests and share equipment
Ventura - READ Tour
Tuesday, April 16, 2013 - 6:30pm - 7:30pm
READ Tour at 801 S. Victoria Ave, Room 200B
(SBBT Community Room - across from the Government Center and on Thille Street opposite SB Bank & Trust)
- One hour information session for the public
- Explaining the services provided by the READ Adult Literacy Program
- For more information, call 805-677-7160


text: The University of South Carolina football team scrimmaged for 41 plays during the last half of its two-hour practice at Williams-Brice Stadium on Saturday morning. It was practice number 11 of the 15 allowed during the spring season. "It was a pretty sloppy scrimmage overall," said head coach Steve Spurrier. "Some guys did pretty well and some guys weren't very good. It was most of the younger players going at it. I think the defensive guys were in position and played pretty well. The quarterbacks were sporadic and the receivers dropped a few here and there. Overall, the protection probably wasn't very good either."


text:
International Security Studies
The Role of Nuclear Power in Global and Domestic Energy Policy
Read the Rapporteur's Report.
Read the Rapporteur's Report.
Unless otherwise noted:
Meetings listed on this page are free and open to the public. Reservations are not required unless otherwise noted. All meetings take place at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington, DC. Please see map and directions. Allow time for routine security procedures. A photo ID is required for entry.
To confirm time and place, contact Maria-Stella Gatzoulis on the day of the event: tel. (202) 691-4188. Check this page for the latest updates and notices.


text:
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Frequently Asked Questions
Click on the link below to see the question and response.
- Are pipelines safe?
- What is a "pipeline right-of-way"?
- What is an encroachment?
- Why does Shell prohibit trees and permanent structures in its pipeline rights-of-way?
- What are pipeline markers? Why are they located where they are?
- Who do I call to locate Shell's pipeline or facilities on my property?
- Why should I call 811 before every dig?
- I've called my local "Call Before You Dig" number before. Will 811 replace this service?
- Can I call 811 on weekends?
- How far in advance do I need to call?
- Can I obtain a printed layout of lines buried on my property?
- Do the colors of the paint and flags indicate anything in particular?
- What does Shell do in case of an emergency?
- What do Shell's emergency response plans cover?
- How does Shell prepare for an emergency?
- How often does Shell monitor its pipelines?
- Does Shell inspect its pipelines?
Are pipelines safe?
Yes. Strict standards govern the construction and operation of pipelines, which are the safest and most efficient manner of transporting energy products. According to statistics gathered by the National Transportation Safety Board, a federal agency, only one of every 10,000 transportation accidents in the U.S. involves pipelines.
What is a "pipeline right-of-way"?
A "pipeline right-of-way" is an area around an aboveground or underground pipeline where the easement holder, such as a pipeline operator, has a legal right to use the property for a specific purpose. In order to ensure the safety of people and property, the easement restricts how the surface property can be used or altered.
What is an encroachment?
An encroachment is anything placed into a pipeline right-of-way that could affect the ability of the pipeline operator to use it. Typically, Shell allows property owners to use pipeline easement areas within certain guidelines established by Shell or as specified within the easement.
These guidelines generally allow the property owner to continue with any agricultural or other activities that pose no threat to the long-term integrity of the pipeline. Questions or a request for an encroachment should be addressed to:
Manager, Land & Permitting
Shell Pipeline Company LP
P.O. Box 2648
Houston, TX 77252-2648
Why does Shell prohibit trees and permanent structures in its pipeline rights-of-way?
Trees and large shrubs obstruct the view for foot patrols and aerial inspections, which are routine procedures for maintaining the rights-of-way. In order to keep our pipeline operations as safe and reliable as possible, Shell must have unrestricted access to all of its facilities at all times for regular maintenance or during emergencies. A clear right-of-way makes it easier to identify and monitor pipeline facilities, which is necessary to prevent third-party damage.
What are pipeline markers? Why are they located where they are?
Pipeline markers provide useful information concerning nearby pipelines.
These markers or signs indicate the approximate – not the exact - location of the pipelines, which may or may not run in a straight line between any two markers. As a result, they cannot be relied on to provide information on pipeline location. You can obtain information about Shell's pipelines by calling 1-800-922-3459.
It is against the law to willfully and knowingly deface, damage, remove or destroy any pipeline sign or right-of-way post.
Who do I call to locate Shell's pipeline or facilities on my property?
State law requires you to call 811 (the National "Call Before You Dig" number) or your local One-Call Center at least 48 hours, excluding weekends and holidays, before you begin any digging project, large or small, within a pipeline easement area; some states require 72 hours notice. The One-Call Center will notify the companies responsible for locating the facilities within their area.
Why should I call 811 before every dig?
It's the law – and it's the smart thing to do. Whether you're a homeowner or a professional excavator, you are required to call 811 before you dig.
Knowing where underground utility lines are buried before you dig will help protect you from injury and prevent damages to utilities, service disruptions and possibly even fines and repair costs. Whether you're planting a tree or shrub or installing a deck or pool, every job requires a call, even if you've called before for a similar project.
I've called my local "Call Before You Dig" number before. Will 811 replace this service?
No, 811 will not replace your local One-Call number. The national number was put in place to enhance and improve the one-call process. With more than 62 local One-Call numbers across the country, 811 eliminates the confusion about what number to call in your area.
Can I call 811 on weekends?
Laws vary from state to state. Call 811, and a customer service representative will assist you.
How far in advance do I need to call?
State laws vary from 48 to 72 hours, most excluding weekends and legal holidays. Call 811 directly, and the customer service representative will provide specific information.
Can I obtain a printed layout of lines buried on my property?
No. If you intend to dig, call 811 and professional locators will mark the approximate location of the buried facilities with paint or flags.
Do the colors of the paint and flags indicate anything in particular?
Yes. The colors indicate what type of underground facility is buried belowground.
- Red – electric
- Orange – communications, telephone/CATV
- Blue – potable water
- Green – sewer/drainage
- Yellow – gas/petroleum pipeline
- Purple – reclaimed water
- Pink – temporary survey marker
- White – pre-marked site of intended excavation
What does Shell do in case of an emergency?
First we take steps necessary to protect life and property by shutting off the flow of product through the pipeline, isolating the affected section of pipe and calling emergency response organizations. We also immediately assemble and deploy a team of experts to the location to address the emergency.
Our primary concern is the safety of the community and our response team. Once all safety issues are addressed, we begin assessing any property damage resulting from the incident. We also take steps to preserve the integrity of the site and work closely with local, state and federal agencies to determine the cause of the incident and appropriate remedial measures.
What do Shell's emergency response plans cover?
Our plans outline the steps to be taken in the event of a fire, rupture, major leak or serious incident occurring at or near one of our facilities. These plans were developed to prepare our employees and local emergency response personnel to handle emergency situations involving our facilities and to protect the public.
They describe the roles and responsibilities of all company, contractor and local response personnel. Communication and cooperation with local organizations are key components of the emergency response plans, and the feedback from these interactions is used to develop and revise these plans.
How does Shell prepare for an emergency?
Our employees undergo training and attend crisis response workshops and emergency drills, to learn the roles they would fulfill in the event of an emergency. We also hold ongoing public awareness and community education meetings to inform the public of the proper response to an emergency. In addition, we meet regularly with emergency responders, which enables company employees and emergency personnel to work as a team when responding to an emergency situation.
How often does Shell monitor its pipelines?
Shell adheres to strict federal laws that require pipeline operators to continuously monitor and maintain pipeline segments in areas where the consequences of their failure could be significant.
We monitor our entire pipeline network from our control center 24 hours a day, seven days a week, using computer and telecommunications equipment located across the system. These centers continuously monitor flow, pressure and other data that indicate the condition of the pipeline system.
Does Shell inspect its pipelines?
Yes. As part of our comprehensive safety program, we inspect and test our pipeline systems regularly.
- We monitor pipelines by air and/or ground to identify and prevent any unauthorized activity.
- We inspect pipeline rights-of-way for unusual changes in vegetation that might indicate a leak.
- We test, inspect and monitor the cathodic protection system on our pipelines that helps prevent corrosion.
- We use various tools and technologies to help ensure that our pipelines are sound and fit for purpose.
- We inspect and test valves on the pipelines.
- When pipe is exposed for any reason, we inspect the condition of the pipe and its coatings and, if necessary, make repairs.


text:
|Read & Reflect - A History of the World in Six Glasses
Event Type: Book Group
Date: 5/16/2014
Start Time: 12:00 PM
End Time: 1:00 PM
Whatever your favorite cocktail is, when you pour yourself a drink, you have the past in a glass. Tom Standage, digital editor of The Economist, opens a window into the past in this tour of six beverages - beer, wine, spirits, coffee, tea, and cola. He has the ability to connect the smallest details to the big picture. These drinks influenced pivotal eras of world history, from humankind's adoption of agriculture to the dawn of globalization. A History of the World in 6 Glasses tells the story of humanity from the Stone Age to the 21st century. You may never look at your favorite drink the same way again. All are welcome to attend. Books are available at the Dole Branch Library one month before the discussion.Library: Oak Park Public Library Dole Branch
Location: Meeting Room - Dole Branch
Presenter: Linda Bonner


text:
A microwave communications system propagates video information and a high grade wide band subcarrier channel notwithstanding substantial differential phase and differential gain (system nonlinearities) exhibited by the microwave transmitter. The supplementary information is quantized (if not already digital in form), and is employed to differentially modulate (in discrete increments given by multiples of pi /2) the phase of a quadraphase carrier, i.e., in a non-return to zero mode of operation.
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent 1 1 Kirk, Jr. et al.
[ Nov. 20, 1973 MULTIPLEXED VIDEO AND SUBCARRIER MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Inventors: Donald Kirk, Jr.; Michael J. Paolini,
both of Petersbury, Fla.
[73] Assignee: Digital Communications Inc., St.
Petersburg, Fla.
[22] Filed: Mar. 30, 1972 [211 App]. No.: 239,629
[52] US. Cl 179/15 FD, 179/15 BM, 325/48 [51] Int. Cl. H04j l/20 [58] Field of Search. 178/67, DIG. 23,
178/66; 325/30, 48; 179/15 FD, 15 BM; 307/262; 332/17, 18, 21; 340/207 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,317,838 5/1967 Ham 325/48 2,708,716 5/1955 Boothroyd 325/48 2,986,597 5/1961 Teer 179/15 FD 3,659,041 4/1972 Kitaoka... 178/DIG. 23 3,659,053 4/1972 Low 179/15 FD OTHER PUBLICATIONS Telecommunications; Spectrum Control in a Four Phase PM Modem; R. J. Tarry; April 1968; pp. 27-30.
Principles of Communication Engineering; Wozencraft et al.; Published by John Wiley & Sons, lnc., New York; copyright 1965; p. 527.
Primary Examiner-Kathleen H. Claffy Assistant ExaminerDavid L. Stewart Att0mey-Nichol M. Sandoe et al.
[ ABSTRACT A microwave communications system propagates video information and a high grade wide band subcarrier channel notwithstanding substantial differential phase and differential gain (system nonlinearities) exhibited by the microwave transmitter. The supplementary information is quantized (if not already digital in form), and is employed to differentially modulate (in discrete increments given by multiples of 17/2) the phase of a quadraphase carrier, i.e., in a non-retum to zero mode of operation.
18 Claims, 14 Drawing Figures VIDEO SOURCE l CLOCK l l SUPPLEMENTAR msb I YI l 39 40 SIGNAL SOURCES I. .z.
| ARlTHMETlC umr SPLITTER SIGNAL I i 1 0 90 180 SOURCE l 22 24 28 l LATCH 37\ a l CONVERGING GATE 29 CC 1 ANALOG A D I v [A MODULOC I l GATE 3 4 I SWITCH GATE 4 Z SIGNAL H ADDER D I I some: j 3| B DECODER Q44 o l l2 1 36 51 DIGITAL 1 SOUR/CE I AMPLITUDE \NG M MODULATOR memu. MODULATION T 52 SUBCARRIER SIGNAL SOURCE i5 TRANSMITTER PAIENIEUNUVEO ma 3.773379 sum F s FREQUENCY GAIN FIG.I
m DIFFERENTIAL PHASE 0 DEGREES E r z g Z 1 DIFFERENTIAL {3 PHASE DIFFERENTIAL a GAIN (T, m 40 I J DJ [I DIFFERENTIAL GAIN In dB FIG.2
SHEET 2 BF 5 PAIENIEUuuv 20 1915 Own;
PATENIEDIIUV 20 I973 SHEET 5 OF 5 fiood o m e q NC I: my -||||-I Iih i 337879 q 2.: V II $7 -Li Q1 $378"? A ll 92 $1 M 81 ll I E I I I 1 5 EA? A I Ill S1 wmdE 5 0K mmdE 0m wE um QE mmdE MULTIPLEXED VIDEO AND SUBCARRIER MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION This invention relates to electronic communications and, more specifically, to a microwave carrier system for providing high grade multiplexed video and wide band supplementary communications channels.
Microwave point-to-point carrier equipment has been extensively employed to propagate video signals. Typically, the bandwidth of the carrier apparatus is significantly greater, by factors approaching 2:1, than the 4.5 mI-Iz required to convey a single television program. This extra bandwidth of the microwave transmission structure sometimes exceeding 5 mHz, has gone largely unused for any purpose. When employed at all, as in isolated instances where a system internal order wire, or fault reporting or other subcarrier channel has been implemented, only a very small part of the excess system bandwidth has been put to use. And all this, when extra communications capacity (and its concomittant extra revenues) is an economic desideratum for the proprietors of such mircowave systems.
The reason for this at best sparse use of existing bandwidth capacity is the nonlinearities characterizing microwave equipment, principally differential phase and gain, which severely limit the achievable signal-tonoise performance of any FM (frequency modulation) or AM (amplitude modulation) subcarrier channel. More specifically and with reference to FIG. 1, the operative transfer characteristic 100 (gain and phase) of active microwave modulator-power amplifiers, e.g., a klystron, essentially comprise the center portion of a shunt resonant circuit response, and are thus nonuniform with frequency. That is, the microwave active element exhibits operative signal gain and phase parameters which vary with the frequency of the wave being processed by the device. Thus, as the microwave element is deviated in frequency (i.e., frequency modulated) with the carrier modulating intelligence 16 principally (or, in the prior art, essentially exclusively) the video signal to which most of the microwave carrier FM deviation is allotted, the instantaneous gain and phase operating condition characteristic for the compositemicrowave apparatus varies (so called differential gain and phase distortion). These gain and phase variations cyclically recur at the 15.734 kI-lz video line rate (with its always present large amplitute synchronizing pulses) as the video signal deviates the active microwave element, thereby essentially determining its instantaneous operating point. Thus, compare the microwave response to conditions 17-12, and 18-14 in FIG. 1.
FIG. 2 contains graphs depicting the relative amplitude of the 15.734 kHz side bands that are produced if a single frequency sinusoid (e.g., a subcarrier) is introduced in the modulator deviating signal. The sidebands due to differential gain limit the performance of an AM subcarrier, and the sidebands caused by differential phase limit the performance of an FM or PM (phase modulated) subcarrier channel. Thus, for example, even a system of reasonable quality, exhibiting a differential phase and gain of only 4 and 0.4db, would have spurious sidebands less than 40 db down from the subcarrier thus, without more, obviating the provision of high grade subcarrier supplementary information propagation.
It is thus an object of the present invention to provide an improved communications system.
More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a microwave system for propagating multiplexed video and supplementary wideband signals.
The above and other objects of the present invention are realized in a specific, illustrative microwave carrier communications system for conveying multiplexed video and supplementary information. At the transmitter, the wideband supplementary information is first converted to digital form. Thus, for example, where the supplementary or subcarrier channel information contains plural audio range signals (telephony, AM radio or the like), each such analog signal is sampled, converted into digital form, and time division multiplexed to form a high rate binary digit stream.
The binary information is used to modulate the phase of quadraphase sinusoidal subcarrier. The modulated subcarrier is then linearly combined with the much larger video program to frequency deviate the microwave main carrier for signal propagation.
At the receiver, the modulated subcarrier is recovered by main carrier FM demodulation and filtering, and transmitter-receiver clock synchronization effected by a phase locked loop operating on an amplitude modulation imparted to the subcarrier at the transmitter. The binary information is recovered by comparing the phase difference of the subcarrier between consecutive time slots.
During such consecutive periods, the differential phase property of the transmitter no matter how large in absolute amount is essentially constant (compare a subcarrier modulation bit rate of several megacycles and the only l5.734 kI-lz principal klystron operating point variation at the video line rate). Subcarrier demodulation is thus relatively insensitive to differential phase at the microwave transmitter, and a high grade subcarrier channel is provided.
Finally, at the receiver, the time division signals are separated and reconstituted to their original analog form (if in fact analog and not digital in the first instance).
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention are more fully described in conjunction with a specific illustrative multiplex communication system set forth in detail below, and depicted in an accompanying drawing in which:
FIGS. 1 and 2 depict the differential gain and phase nonlinearities characterizing microwave transmitters, as above discussed;
FIG. 3 depicts transmitter apparatus embodying the principles of the present invention;
FIGS. 4A and 4B (herein after referred to as composite FIG. 4) illustrate the right and left portions of re ceiver apparatus in accordance with the principles of the present invention; and
FIGS. 5A 5I are wave forms characterizing subcarrier phase demodulation.
Referring now to the drawing, there is shown a specific illustrative signal multiplexed communication system. In' overall terms, the communications system propagates a video signal supplied by a source 54 thereof at the system transmitter (FIG. 3), to video signal utilization means 84 at a receiver (FIG. 4), as at base band of a microwave main carrier modulation spectrum. Simultaneously therewith, analog and/or digital information supplied by one or more supplementary signal sources (FIG. 3), are communicated to a like number of supplementary signal receiving means 120 at the system receiver (FIG. 4), the supplementary information being propagated in digital form as differential quadrature phase shift modulation of an above video band carrier. Supplementary signal multiplexing and demultiplexing apparatus is provided if necessary,
nal applied at an input modulation port 57. As a first constituent of the modulation spectrum, a video signal is supplied to the modulator 58 by a video source 54 via a linear combining network or amplifier 56. The video signal is of the prescribed form, occupying approximately 4.5 mI-Iz, and is assumed to be at base band (standard video microwave practice).
Turning now to the additional, or subcarrier channel, the transmitter apparatus includes a digital subcarrier modulation signal source which supplies two synchronous digital pulse trains via leads 29 and 31 to an arithmetic unit 32. Most simply, the digital information impressed on the leads 29 and 31 may be directly supplied by any digital information source well known to those skilled in the art, i.e., two shift registers loaded in series or parallel, and clocked out in series by a common clock source to develop the requisite time pulse waves. However, for purposes of generality, the specific transmitter structure shown in FIG. 1 employs as a subcarrier modulation signal source 15 plural analog signal source 10, 10,,, e.g., telephony, radio programming, other audio band signals, facsimile or the like. Further, plural digital sources 10 may be employed as well, one such source 10,, being included in FIG. 3. Multiplexing and signal conversion apparatus is therefore included in the FIG. 3 transmitter to convert the analog signals to digital form, and'to multiplex all input ple counter. The output signals from the counter 16 include plural most significant digits 18 which operatively sample and select for communication a changing one of the supplementary signal sources 10, and least significant bits 17 which convert parallel digital information characterizing the operatively selected signal source 10 to serial form as required for the input lines 29 and 31 to the arithmetic unit 32. Thus, for example, the analog signal sources 10, 10,, are supplied to a converging analog switch which sequentially selects and supplies a changing one of the input analog signals to an analog-to-digital converter 22. Thus, the converging analog switch may comprise, for example, an array of FET or other switches in one-to-one correspondence with the signal sources 10, 10,, the field effect transistors having interconnected output drain terminals,
mation characterizing the most significant counter 16 output digits'18.
The source 10 sampling affected by the switch 12 under control of the clock-counters 14-16 progresses sufficiently rapidly so that no information supplied by the sources is lost, i.e., more than twice the highest frequency components of the incident intelligence(Shannons sampling principle).
The analog signal selected by the converging analog switch 12 is converted to parallel digital formby the analog-to-digital converter 22, and the plural digits supplied to a decoder-gate 24 along with the digital information supplied by the digital source(s) l0,, Depending upon the counter 16 output lines 18, the digital replica of an analog signal or a selected digital word of the source(s) 10 is present at the output of gate 24 for one complete cycle for the counter 16 least significant lines 17.
One half of the bits characterizing the digital numbers at the output of the gate 24 are supplied to each of gates 28 and 30, as are the outputs 17 of the least significant stages of the counter 16. Gates 28 and 30 are 7 adapted to serially pass the digital information present at a different one of the input data lines thereto from gate 24 onto the associated output conductor 29 or 31,
V respectively. Thus, assuming an eight digit format, e.g.,
is enabled by a decoder responsive to the digital inforan eight digit binary word produced by theanalog-todigital encoder 22 characterizing an analog signal level, or an eight digit word produced by the digital source(s) 10, each of the gates 28 and 30 receives four input data lines from the gate 24; two timing lines 17 from the counter 16; and serially impresses four bits during four clock pulse intervals on the lines 29 and 31.
In overall scope the modulation process'in accordance with the present invention may be deemed differential quadrature phase. That is,information (in two bit binary format) is modulated on a subcarrier by shifting the phase of the subcarrier between consecutive time slots defined by the clock 14. More particularly,
the phase of the subcarrier during a previous clock period is advanced by some integral multiple of 1r/2 depending upon the four'po ssible digital states of the information present on the data lines 29 and 31 during the next clock period. Thus, for example, for information on the lines 29 and 31 of 00, 01, l0, and 11, the previous phase of the carrier may be advanced by 0 (i.e., remain the same), 90, or 270, respectively.
At the receiver, as will be more clear from the detailed discussion below, the difference in phase of the subcarrier between consecutive time slots is determined, and this at once yields the two binary digits giving rise to that subcarrier phase change at the transmitter duringthe modulation process. As already discussed herein, and as'reiterated below, such a signal multiplexing procedure provides a very high grade communication channel, approaching the quantizing signal-to-noise ratio for the assumed analog signal multiplexing contact-59db for an eight bit digital encoding, even in microwave systems exhibiting large differential phase non-linearities more particularly, again referring to FIG. 1, it is observed that the absolute amount of differential phase-even if large, does not change rapidly and thus merely serves as a substantially constant phase bias during consecutive time slots at the much higher subcarrier frequency (e.g., hundreds or thousands of kilocycles vis-a-vis the 15.7 KI-Iz video linear rate). Thus, the difference in subcarrier phase duroooooooc ing consecutive time slots very closely approximates an integral multiple of 11/2 notwithstanding the presence of large absolute differential phase.
With the above general principles in mind, attention will again be directed to the phase modulated subcarrier channel of the FIG. 3 microwave transmitter. Some intermediate point of clock source 14 (which is assumed to comprise an oscillator and divider) may serve as the basic subcarrier frequency source (an independent subcarrier oscillator unrelated to the clock 14 may be used as well), and is supplied to a phase shifter network 40 which supplies replicas of the basic subcarrier frequency square wave shifted by 0, 90, 180 and 270. The plural phase shifter 40 may comprise cascaded monostable multivibrators, a multitapped delay line, or like structure well known to those skilled in the art.
The function of arithmetic unit 32 is to in essence perform the modulation process, i.e., to shift the phase of the subcarrier from its previous state to a new state which depends upon both the previously obtaining subcarrier phase and upon the input information on lines 29 and 31.
To this end the arithmetic unit 32 includes a two stage latch or register 38 for storing two digits (CC,DD) representing the last subcarrier phase, phase differential information being embodied by the incoming two bits on lines 29 and 31 (AB).
The arithmetic unit 32 further includes a modulo-4 adder 34 of any construction well known to those skilled in the art for generating two output digits (CD) which define the next carrier phase. The output of modulo-4 adder 34 is decoded by a decoder 36, one of four decoder 36 output leads 37 being energized dependent upon the output of adder 34. The energized conductor 37 then enables one of four coincidence gates 44 (e.g., AND gates, NAND gates or the like) to gate the desired one of the four subcarrier phases supplied by the phase splitter network 40 to a linear combining amplifier 56 via a disjunctive logic gate 46 (e.g. OR gate, NOR gate, or the like), an amplitude modulator 48 and a band pass filter 52.
In one form of our invention, the modulo-4 adder may comprise a combinatorial logic network having a truth table given below, where the truth table inputs A, B, C and D are respectively the lines 29 and 31 and the two outputs of latch 38, and wherein the output of circuit 34 comprises the inputs C and D to the decoder 36.
ARITHMETIC UNIT TRUTH TABLE Inputs Last State Outputs B CC DD C D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 l 0 I 0 I 0 0 I I 1 I l 0 0 O I I 0 l I 0 I I O I I l l I 0 0 I 0 0 I l l l 0 l l 0 l l I 0 0 I I l I 0 I 0 0 I I I 0 0 I I I l I I 0 The conversion of the truth table set forth above to specific gating structure will be readily apparant to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Switching Circuits and Logical Designs, S.H. Caldwell, John Wiley & Sons Inc. The function of the band pass filter 52 is to limit the subcarrier fundamental frequency plus its modulation products, the square wave subcarrier being converted therein to sinusoidal form.
The modulated subcarrier output of the band pass filter 52 is supplied as the second input to the linear combining amplifier 56. The combined signal spectra at the output of the amplifier 56 then frequency modulates the main microwave carrier and is radiated as above discussed.
As a final system function for the FIG. 3 transmitter, the exact output frequency of the clock 14 and the state (phase) of the counter 15 must be communicated to the receiver to synchronize like clock and counter elements therepresent for time division demultiplexing purposes. To this end, a specific clock state (e.g., all zeros) is decoded by a synchronizing code pulse generating gate 19 is employed to amplitude modulate the phase modulated subcarrier in modulator 48. The modulator 48 may simply comprise an AND gate to effect percent amplitude modulation (subcarrier suppression) during the particular sync clock interval.
It is further desirable that a reference (e.g. zero) phase signal be transmitted immediately following the sync period, i.e.,'at the beginning of each operative clock-counter time division signal multiplexing cycle. Thus, coincidence gate 18 detects the clock phase following the sync interval and enables the zero phase selecting AND gate 44, via an OR gate 39 to supply the requisite zero phase subcarrier during this time.
It is again observed with respect to the above discussion that the microwave transmitter 58 is inherently nonlinear, and thus video signal harmonics and differential phase are inherently generated as an incident to the transmission process no matter howpure and distinct the video and subcarrier information bands at the output of the combining amplifier 56.
The signal recovery process will now be discussed with respect to the microwave receiver shown in FIG.
4. A measure of the signal radiated by the transmitter is recovered at a receiver antenna 80, the microwave main carrier demodulated at element 81, and the modulation supplied to a filter82. A low pass portion of the filter 82 separates the baselband video signal which is supplied to video signal utilization means 84 for conventional video distribution and/or display. The subcarrier spectrum is applied by high or band pass structure of the filter 82 to two output paths.
In a first, synchronization enabling path, an amplitude modulation detector 88 provides an output pulse corresponding to the clock interval when the amplitude modulator 48 is enabled by the sync gate 19. This pulse is supplied to a phase comparator 124 of a phase locked loop 122. The phase locked loop 122 operates in a manner well known to those skilled in the art to maintain the output of a voltage controlled oscillator at precisely the rate of the clock 14 of the transmitter and moreover, to maintain the phase of the count in a counter 132 (of the same capacity as the counter 16 at the transmitter) in phase with the counter 16. The phase locked loop has forward gain elements comprising an amplifier 126, a low pass filter 128 and the voltage controlled oscillator 130, and feedback elements comrising the divider 132 and a decoder gate 134 which functions in a manner directly analagous to that of the decoding gate 17 at the transmitter.
The phase modulated subcarrier is also passed to a demodulating path which initially comprises a squaring amplifier 90 to regenerate the square waveform essentially present at the input to the band pass filter 52 at the transmitter. The output of the squaring amplifier 90 is applied to a delay element 92 (e.g., a monostable multivibrator or a delay line) having a delay time equal to one clock interval. The subcarrier output of amplifier 90 is also passed to a phase splitter 94, of a structure such as that of element 40 in FIG. 3, which generates four replicas of the square wave output of squaring amplifier 90having a phase relationship of 90, 180 and 270 with respect thereto. The four phased versions of the output of squaring amplifier 90 (i.e., the incoming phase modulated subcarrier wave) are supplied to a first input of four Exclusive OR gates 96, the other input to the Exclusive OR gates 96 comprising the output of the delay line 92 which represents the phase of the modulator subcarrier during the previous clock interval. A low pass filter 98 is connected to the output of each Exclusive OR gate 96 a simple capacitor where the gate 96 provides a high output impedance to supply to the input of a following comparator 100 the average value of the output wave of the associated Exclusive OR gate. Finally, a second input of each of the comparators 100 is supplied with a like threshold potential.
As is set forth below, one and only one of the low pass filters 98 will supply to the associated comparator incoming signal being less than the threshold potential supplied to the other comparator input.
The case for a 90 phase difference for Exclusive OR gate inputs may be considered by comparing FIGS. A and 5D, wherein the waveform 156 leads the waveform 150 by 90 electrical degrees. The output of an Exclusive OR gate receiving the signals I50 and 156 is shown by the waveform 158 in'FIG. 5E, and has an average 96 is 180 as shown by the waveforms 150 and 162 of FIGS. 5A and 5E. For this case, the output 164 (FIG. 5G) of the Exclusive OR gate 96 remains at peak level, as does also the average value 166 of this signal. The threshold of the comparators 100 is set to a level between the one-half peak and peak amplitude levels 160 172 (FIGS. 5E and 51) and the peak level 166 (FIG.
7 5G). Thus, only the demodulation channel supplied a voltage level which'exceeds the threshold potential,
and thus only one comparator will switch its output state. The enabled comparator uniquely identifies the two digit binary number which generated the subcarrier phase change between the previous clock interval (represented by the output of the delay line 92) and the presently received subcarrier phase signaled by the output of the squaring circuit 90. i
The differential subcarrier phase demodulation process may be more clearly understood withreference to FIGS. 5A SI. FIG. 5A depicts a square wave 150 which is assumed to be the output of the delay circuit 92, i.e., the subcarrier phase obtaining during the previous clock period. Correspondingly, the waveforms 152, 156, 162 and 168 depict the four possible output waves for the phase splitter 94 i.e., those differing in phase from the wave train of FIG. 5A by 0, 90, 180 and 270, respectively. The reference wave of FIG. 5A visa-vis each of the four conditions of FIGS. 5B, 5D, 5F and 5H will be independently considered below. Before this, however, it will be recalled that the Boolean function effected by the Exclusive OR gates 96 is to provide an output where one and only one of its two input terminals receive a relatively high potential, i.e., to provide the function X 619 Y X 'Y X Y of two binary variables X and Y.
Examining first the zero relative phase (FIG. 5A and 58) case it is observed that at no time is.one of the signals 150 or 152 high when the other is not. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 5C, the output of an Exclusive OR gate 96 operating on the waveform 150 and 152 for the zero difference case is always zero (solid line 155 in FIG. 5C), as is the average value of the waveform 155 taken by a following low pass filter 198 (dashed waveform 154). Thus, a zero valued signal 154 is supplied to the comparator 100 which does not switch, this with signals varying by 180 (or nearly so) yields an output indication.
Accordingly, differential phase demodulation is made possible, and is in fact effected, by determining which one of the four phase versions of the present subcarrier output of the squaring amplifier 190 is 180 electrical degrees out of phase with the previous subcarrier phase present at the output of delay element 92, that is, which one (and only one) of the comparators 100 supplies a high output potential. More specifically, and returning to FIG. 4, if the output of comparator 100 is high, this signals that the output of the squaring amplifier is 180 out of phase with the output of delay element 92. This, of course, directly reveals that a 10 information pattern was present at the phase modulator input lines 29 and 31 during subcarrier modulation and thus, without more, completes the intelligence demodulation process. Similarly, some reflection will show that a high output voltage for the comparators 100 and 100 respectively arise when the subcarrier modulating intelligence was 00", I l or 01, respectively.
To complete the subcarrier demodulation and demultiplexing procedure for the. specific apparatus shown in the drawing, the outputs of the comparators 100 are strobed during the mid portion of a time slot when transient noise has abated) into registers 104 via AND gates 102' and a strobe circuit 136 which may comprise a one shot multivibrator and a differentiator. Thus, one and only one of the registers 104 will have a one stored therein at any particular time.
The outputs of the registers 104 are supplied to a decoder 106 which responds to a binary one at one of its input lines by providing output Boolean variables AA and BB which identically correspond to the variables A and B at lines 29 and 31 during the signal modulating process. For the specific assumed differential phase modulation pattern, OR gates 108 and 110 connected as shown will suffice for this purpose, i.e., will supply AA BB signals 10, 00,11, and 01 when energized by the registers 104 104 104 and 104 respectively.
The serial wavetrain signals AA and BB are demultiplexed to arrive at the output utilization means in a manner well known to thosed skilled in the art, and essentially comprising the inverse of the time division multiplexing process affected at the transmitter. In particular, and under control of the counter 132 which runs in syncronism with the counter 16 at the transmitter, the incoming information AA BB is gated by a signal distribution switch 112 into output holding latches 114, associated with each of the output utilization means 120,. For each analog signaling path, the output of a latch 114, is supplied to a digital-to-analog converter 116,, passed through a low pass filter the original analog signal being reconstructed thereby, and supplied to any appropriate output utilization means 120,. Correspondingly, the output of the latch associated with any digital communication path is simply coupled for parallel entry into digital output utilization means 120.
The above arrangement has thus been shown to provide for base band video transmission, and to provide a wide band subcarrier information propagating capacity which may be used as such, or which may employ time division principles to simultaneously communicate plural independent intelligence messages of analog or digital form. It is again observed that the subcarrier communication channel is of a very high grade, notwithstanding severe non-linearities characterizing the microwave modulation process.
The above described arrangement is merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Numerous modifications and adaptations thereof will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, for example, while the specific apparatus discussed above employed quadrature differential phase modulation (two parallel data streams or incoming lines 29 and 31 to the modulator 32 giving rise to 2 or 4 phase changes), any number of phase differential conditions may be employed. Thus, a single data stream may selectively effect a or 180 phase change; or n parallel synchronous data lines may implement one of 2" phase changes, typically spaced by 11'2"" radians. As the number of allowable phase states increases, however, demodulation margins decrease.
What is claimed is 1. In combination in multiplexed communications apparatus, transmitter means for radiating a modulated main carrier, said main carrier modulating spectrum comprising a base band signal and a subcarrier channel, said transmitter including a modulator characterized by significant phase non-linearities when operated over a substantial part of its operating range, means for supplying said base band signal to said modulator for operating said modulator over said substantial part of its operating range, and means for supplying said subcarrier channel signal to said modulator, said subcarrier signal being substantially smaller in amplitude than said base band signal, said subcarrier channel supplying means comprising means for generating plural distinct subcarrier phases, digital intelligence supplying means, controlled gating means for gating a selected one of said subcarrier phases to said modulator, means for storing information identifying the subcarrier phase supplied to said modulator, and arithmetic means responsive to the stored contents of said storing means and to the digital intelligence supplied by said supplying means for selectively controlling said controlled gating means.
2. In combination as in claim 1 wherein said transmitter further comprises a clock, a digital counter cycled by said clock, logic decoding means connected to said counter, and means responsive to said digital decoding means for selectively modulating said subcarrier channel.
3. A combination as in claim 1 wherein said transmitter digital intelligence supplying means includes time division multiplexing means for supplying digital information to said arithmetic means.
4. A combination as in claim 1, wherein said plural subcarrier phase supplying means supplies four distinct subcarrier phases each separated by electrical degrees.
5. A combination as in claim 1 further comprising receiver means, said receiver means comprising filter means for separating said video and said subcarrier signals, and subcarrier phase demodulator means, said demodulator means including means for determining the difference in phase of the received subcarrier during consecutive periods of time.
6. A combination as in claim 5 wherein said subcarrier demodulator means comprises delay means, phase splitter means, and plural Exclusive OR logic means each receiving the output of said delay means and a different phase supplied by said phase splitter means.
7. A combination as in claim 6 further comprising plural signal averaging means each connected to the output of a different one of said Exclusive OR logic means, and means for determining which of said plural signal averaging means exhibits the largest output potential.
8. A combination as in claim 5 wherein said transmitter digital intelligence supplying means comprises plural signal sources and time division multiplexing means for sequentially connecting a measure of the signals supplied by said signal sources to said arithmetic means, and wherein said receiver includes time division demultiplexing means for separating recovering said signals supplied by said plural signal sources at said transmitter.
9. A combination as in claim 8 further comprising clock means at said transmitter, said receiver including phase locked loop means for producing an output wave of like frequency as that supplied by said clock means.
10. A combination as in claim 9 wherein said transmitter includes counter means cycled by said clock means, and said phase locked loop includes counter means of a capacity corresponding to that of said transmitter counter means.
11. A combination as in claim 10 wherein said transmitter further comprisis means responsive to a reference state of said transmitter counter means for amplitude modulating said subcarrier signal, and wherein said receiver includes-amplitude modulation detector means for signalling said phase locked loop means.
12. In combination in multiplex microwave communication apparatus, a microwave frequency'modulator, said modulator being characterized by significant phase non-linearities when deviated, over a substantial portion of its transfer characteristic, means for supplying a microwave main carrier frequency deviating modulating potential to said modulator, said microwave deviating potential comprising a relatively large amplitude base band video signal which operates said modulator over said substantial portion of its transfer characteristic, said modulating potential supplied by said supplying ,means also including a differential phase modulated subcarrier, said modulated subcarrier being substantially higher in frequency than said base band video signal and being substantially smaller in amplitude than said video signal, means for supplying said video signal to said modulator deviating potential supplying means, and means for supplying said differential phase modulated subcarrier to said modulator deviating potential supplying means, said modulated subcarrier supplying means comprising digital differential subcarrier phase modulating means.
13. A combination as in claim 12 wherein said differential phase subcarrier modulating means comprises means for producing plural subcarrier signals of like frequency but which differ in phase, controlled gate means for selectively gating one of said subcarrier phases to said modulator deviating potential supplying means, digital information supplying means, and arithmetic unit means for selectively enabling said controlled gating means responsive to the incoming digital information supplied by said source thereof and further responsive to digital information representative of the instantaneous carrier phase gated to said main carrier deviating potential supplying means.
14. A combination as in claim 13 wherein said digital information supplying means comprises at least one analog signal source, analog-to-digital converting means, and means for converting parallel digital signals to serial form.
15. A combination as in claim 13 wherein said digital information supplying means comprises plural signal sources, time division multiplexing means for sampling said signal sources means for converting said analog signals to digital form, and means for serially supplying digital information to said arithmetic means.
16. A combination as in claim 13 wherein said digital information supplying means supplies two synchronous serial binary wave trains, and wherein said plural phase subcarrier producing means comprises means for producing four subcarrier phases separated by rr/2 radians.
17. A combination as in claim 12 further comprising receiver means for receiving the modulated main microwave carrier, receiver means including means for separating said'base band video and said modulated subcarrier signals, and means for demodulating said modulated subcarrier, said demodulating means comprising means responsive to the difference in phase of said subcarrier during consecutive time periods for signalling the modulating intelligence;
18. A combination as in claim 17 wherein said modulated subcarrier demodulating means comprises Exclusive OR means for comparing plural phase versions of the modulated subcarrier during one time period with the phase of the carrier during an adjacent time period. 1F
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Video:Profile of Pol Potwith Christina Hartman
Interested in learning about former Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot? Watch this About.com video to see information about his life.See Transcript
Transcript:Profile of Pol Pot
Hi I'm Christina Hartman for About.com, and this video is an overview of former Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot.
Pol Pot Basics
Pol Pot's reign of terror wiped out an estimated ¼ to ⅕ of Cambodia's entire population through execution, torture and starvation in the 1970s.
Early Life of Pol Pot
Pol Pot was born Saloth Sar in 1925. His family was connected to Cambodia's royal family. He was given a scholarship to study in France, where he lived from 1949 to 1953. It's believed he spent that time learning about Communism. He returned to Cambodia after flunking out of college in 1953, just before Cambodia gained its independence.
Communism of Pol Pot
In 1956 he married and became a college lecturer. This while being involved in the country's underground communist movement. But in the early 60s the Cambodian government was cracking down on communist and left-wing parties — which led to arrests and the shuttering of their newspapers. Communist party members elected him to be their Secretary of the Communist Central Committee. He subsequently renamed the party the Communist Party of Kampuchea, whose Khmer Rouge fighters took up arms against the government.
Pol Pot and the Killing Fields
The Khmer Rouge aimed to turn Cambodia into a utopian farming nation, prohibiting the ownership of private property and driving city-dwellers into the countryside to work. The regime tortured and executed intellectuals, doctors, teachers, Buddhist monks and nuns, and engineers. Methods of torture included electrocution and being skinned alive before being executed. Additionally, children could only work; they weren't permitted an education or play time. No one could be married without official state approval. Also banned — prayer, reading and music. Estimates of how many were killed in the Cambodian genocide range from 1.5 million to 3 million.
Pol Pot Deposed
In 1978 Vietnam invaded Cambodia, overthrew Pol Pot and installed a more moderate government. Pol Pot fled to the Cambodia/Thailand border, but was sentenced to death after a trial in absentia in 1980. Still, he wasn't arrested until June of 1997, when he was sentenced to house arrest for the rest of his life. In April 1998, he heard on a radio program that he would be turned over to an international tribunal for trial. He died that night.
That's our overview of former Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot. Thanks for watching. For more visit About.com.


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I have a class which will draw cylinders with deformer's index in the FBX file.
The deformer which was in the 3ds max's biped.
ex: If I have 22 bones in the deformer's structure, I will draw 22 cylinders.
But I was in trouble that I want to let these cylinders in the model.
And then I refer to the example (XNA Club Simple Animation 4.0) for my program.
But these cylinders are not in correct positions with the model.
How do I make these cylinders in correct positions with the model?


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The Department of Engineering-Physics-Systems offers a minor in systems science.
A minor in systems science is available.
Location: Sowa Hall 239Phone: 401-865-2164Fax: 401-865-1438
Dr. Robert G LaMontagne, firstname.lastname@example.com: 401-865-2313
What does it mean to be a Catholic and Dominican college? We invite you to explore this question and the distinctive mission of Providence College.
About Providence College's Catholic and Dominican Identity


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ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. – The University of New Mexico men's basketball program has earned six academic all-conference selections from the Mountain West for the 2013-14 season. Obij Aget, Cameron Bairstow, Cullen Neal, Deshawn Delaney, Hugh Greenwood and Alex Kirk all garnered honors with Bairstow, Greenwood and Kirk repeating as academic all-conference award winners. New Mexico's six honorees are the most in the Mountain West.
Not only did the Lobos' six selections top the conference this year, but it was also tied for the second-most selections in MW history. The school record six academic all-conference Lobos trailed only BYU's eight selections in 2006-07, tying the 2007-08 Utah Utes for second place in the MW record book.
For first-year members of the program Obij Aget, Cullen Neal and Deshawn Delaney, this marked their first-ever academic honor from the conference. It marked the third academic all-conference team selection for Bairstow, Greenwood and Kirk.
Cullen Neal has also been named a Mountain West Scholar-Athlete for the 2013-14 season. The freshman is one of just five players in the conference to receive the award, and he is just the second Lobo since the 2009-10 season to earn the honor.
The honors and accolades from the MW come on the heels of an eight-year high in the team's grade point average and a APR score that puts New Mexico among the top ten percent in all college basketball programs.


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Gear Review
good ascent tent
I spent one night in this tent by myself and I thought is was just right, but I would hate to have to try and fit 2 people plus gear in this thing. I love how lightweight and simple it is, but because it's so lightweight it is kinda flimsy, tearing and leaking are real issues. I would like to have this as my second tent when I go out by myself and space and weight are primary issues, but I wouldn't recommend this tent for normal situations for 2 people.
View More Details on Black Diamond Firstlight Tent: 2-Person 4-Season


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The news that Level 3, which has just partnered with Netflix on online video delivery, thinks Comcast is charging them for fast service, brings the debate on net neutrality to a whole new level.
Netflix has made online streaming a major part of their business model. I've used the online service before and was amazed at the quality, which with Level 3's participation should only improve. The service has become wildly popular: Netflix streaming represents 20% of all bandwidth use in prime-time hours, according to one study.
That makes it a prime target for fees. And Comcast has taken the first shot.
Level 3, which helps to deliver Netflix's streaming movies, said Comcast had effectively erected a tollbooth that "threatens the open Internet," and indicated that it would seek government intervention. Comcast quickly denied that the clash had anything to do with network neutrality, instead calling it "a simple commercial dispute."
The dispute highlighted the growing importance of Internet video delivery — an area that some people say needs to be monitored more closely by regulators. Net neutrality, which posits that Internet traffic should be free of any interference from network operators like Comcast, is thought to be on the December agenda of the Federal Communications Commission.
"With this action, Comcast demonstrates the risk of a 'closed' Internet, where a retail broadband Internet access provider decides whether and how their subscribers interact with content," Thomas C. Stortz, the chief legal officer for Level 3, said in a statement Monday.
I don't know what Level 3 is talking about if they think this has nothing to do with net neutrality. It's exactly what open Internet advocates have feared for a long time. Level 3 may have the money to pay Comcast – they grudgingly accepted the fee three days after being informed of it on November 19. But that payment will determine whether they can bring their service to users. As a result, the Internet becomes confined based on ability to pay the telecoms. This is the entire issue.
In addition, Comcast isn't just an ISP – they're about to purchase a major broadcast network. If you think that they won't use their ability to turn on and off the Internet pipe in ways that favor NBC, you're crazy.
With Netflix streaming so popular – the company is changing their business model to encourage streaming by lowering monthly rates relative to mailing DVDs – this has the ability to make net neutrality a front-line issue. "They want to take away your Netflix" is simply a stronger argument than jargon-heavy statements about packet delivery and the like. The Progressive Change Campaign Committee has already jumped on this issue in an email to supporters:
BREAKING: The New York Times just reported that Comcast will block Netflix unless a new fee is paid to Comcast — so Netflix's price goes up and people use Comcast's video service instead.
This outrageous abuse of power by Comcast comes on the very week that President Obama's FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski will announce whether he'll fulfill Obama's promise to protect the open Internet and Net Neutrality — which would prevent this type of corporate abuse.
The FCC needs to hear from us now, before the chairman's big announcement this week.
They have a petition available at the link. They have already assembled 30,000 signatures.


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A fly may act as a mechanical vector of diseases such as Hepatitis A, which means the fly carries the infective organism on its feet or mouth parts and contaminates food or water which a person then consumes. A biological vector actually develops an infective organism in its body and passes it along to its host, usually through its saliva. A fly can be a biological vector, as in the transmission of leishmaniasis by the sandfly.
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch)
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- 2013 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


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Thank you. If a matching email exists we will send you an email in a few minutes with instructions on how to reset your password.
Don't forget to check your spam folder if you cannot find the email. For further assistance please contact us at email@example.com .Okay
Heather Taylor
"Hollywood, California" handwoven wall hanging made from a selection of eclectic yarn. Framing recommended.


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To schedule an audition appointment for Thursday, August 21, call the Performing Arts Office at (269) 927-8876.
Lake Michigan College student Eli Barker of South Bend earned honors at the Business Professionals Association (BPA) National Leadership Conference in Indianapolis, Indiana last month.
Lake Michigan College is now a baccalaureate degree-granting institution. The Higher Learning Commission has approved the College's request to offer the Bachelor of Applied Science in Energy Production and Distribution Management.
Lake Michigan College Board Trustee Renee Williams announced her retirement from the College Board effective with the May meeting.
This event, to be held Wednesday, June 11, from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m., is free and open to anyone who wants more information about attending LMC.
More than 4,500 pounds of unwanted electronics were collected during the recycling event at the Lake Michigan College South Haven Campus April 16.
For further information about the TRiO Student Support Services program at Lake Michigan College contact Nancy Johnson at (269) 927-8648.
Six Lake Michigan College students can say that they are part of the Class of 2014 – at both the high school and college level.
Lake Michigan College's Bertrand Crossing Campus is offering summer robotics camps for the exploration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics concepts.
Lake Michigan College's nursing program has selected Kelsey Brenk of Stevensville as its annual Spirit of Nursing award recipient from among 44 registered nursing graduates in the Class of 2014.
1 (800) 252-1562 or (269) 927-1000


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Oregon-Davis School Corporation has a policy of providing equal opportunity. All courses are open to all students regardless of race, color, sex, disability/disabilities, or national origins including limited English proficiency.
Educational services, programs, instruction, and facilities will not be denied to anyone in the Oregon-Davis School Corporation as the result of his or her race, color, sex, disability/disabilities, or national origin including limited English proficiency. For further information, clarification, or complaint please contact the following person(s):
Greg Briles
Oregon-Davis School Corporation
5998 N. 750 E., Hamlet, IN 46532
(574) 867-4561
Title IX (sex), Section 504 (disability/disabilities), and Americans with Disabilities Coordinator


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An Olympian with Dignity, Style & Grace
November 22nd 2010 01:19
Sadly for the world Anne has three brothers, because of the four children of Queen Elizabeth she is the one most suited to be the sovereign. She is the one sent to state funerals in place of the Queen (not Charles). She is involved with over 200 charities and last year attended 600 functions. She has been the President of Save the Children for as long as I can remember. However, my favorite tidbit is that in 1976 she was the first royal to ever be on an Olympic Team.
Here is a link to her Wikipedia page. The Princess Royal
Here is a link to her Wikipedia page. The Princess Royal


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Rainwater Harvesting
Organic Ecosystem Ponds
Pondless Waterfalls
Urn and Fountain Features
Water-Wise Landscapes
Water is the source of all life on Earth. Nothing that lives can exist on this planet without it. The sound of moving water can serve to relax us like no other sound in nature. A water feature in your landscape transforms your outdoor living space into a beautiful paradise in which you can relax, unwind, and reconnect with nature while enjoying time with family and friends. Water gardens become the focal point of any garden with their melodious tunes and their natural ability to attract a variety of wildlife including birds, butterflies, and dragonflies. Whether you tuck a decorative urn fountain or pondless waterfall near the entrance to your castle or create an entire backyard habitat with an ecosystem pond, stream, and waterfall, you'll find each day enhanced when you waterscape your landscape. It doesn't matter if you have an expansive lawn or a small courtyard, we can create a natural-looking water feature to suit your budget and lifestyle.
Matt Boring of Texas Ponds and Water Features Named to Pool and Spa News Magazine's 2010 Master Designer's Showcase
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No More Standing Water
Posted: June 1, 2013
Hangtyte boat cover suspension starts at $49.99Say goodbye to standing water. The new Hangtyte boat cover suspension system spares boat owners the hassle of having to use poles or climb under their canvas to remove unwanted standing water. With its tower pylon and ratchet, the Hangtyte tightens over your boat eliminating any indentations where water can collect. Once installed, the Hangtyte acts as a permanent part of your mooring cover for continued easy use.
- Hangtyte


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Drug Compare
Generic: bexarotene topical
It is used to treat skin lesions in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
Where should I keep my medicine?Keep out of the reach of children.
Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86 degrees C). Keep away from heat or flame. Protect from humidity. Throw away any unused gel after the expiration date.
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
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