text:
Iraq and the Conservatives
Arguments about the wisdom of America's invasion of Iraq will not be resolved until the outcome becomes clearer, which may not be for some time. In the meantime, the news from Iraq continues alternately to hearten and alarm, providing grist for the war's supporters on one day, for its opponents the next.
The most interesting arguments are not between Left and Right. The Left long ago lost any coherent voice on national security. That it has yet to recover that voice was illustrated in last year's presidential race by the dizzying self-contradictions of John Kerry, not to mention the Democrats' embrace of the anti-American buffoon, Michael Moore. Instead, the most interesting arguments are within the Right, most of which supports the war but some of which contains its most trenchant and acerbic critics. Gary Rosen, COMMENTARY's managing editor, has compiled the best of these intra-conservative polemics in a new anthology, The Right War? The Conservative Debate on Iraq.1
The principal line of division on the Right separates neoconservatives from more traditional conservatives. What is meant by "neoconservative" has only a limited connection to the historical meaning of that term, which designated a collection of intellectuals and writers who migrated from Left to Right in the 1960's and 1970's. Some of the important "neocon" thinkers represented in this book—Max Boot, David Brooks, Victor Davis Hanson, William Kristol, and Robert Kagan, for example—are too young to have been among that group. Rather, in the current context, the term signifies an approach to foreign policy based on an expansive view of American interests akin to what has historically been called "liberal internationalism," but more muscular in approach.
The basis of that approach is the conviction that, given the centrality of America's position in global politics, even distant problems are likely to come to roost here eventually, and that they are usually better dealt with earlier than later. A corollary is a high estimation of the strength of ideological and moral factors in international politics, as opposed to the view that material elements—money, weapons, resources—are all-important. Thus, the war in Iraq, an American action at once militarily assertive and idealistic in its goals, and fought on a shore distant from the site of any attack on the United States, has often been labeled a "neocon" war, even though the officials who decided on it—Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld, Rice—were never before thought of as neoconservatives.
On the other side, conservatives to whom the prefix "neo" does not apply make up a more diffuse group. Roughly, they are "realists," who believe that foreign policy should hew to a tight concept of national interest defined by geography, visible threats, and measurable assets, and "isolationists," who see domestic corruption, or worse, in America's active efforts to engage the wider world. The individuals from these camps who are represented in Rosen's collection range from the editors of National Review—they support the Iraq war, insisting that it is "not a neocon war" but a "war of national interest"—to the nativist Patrick J. Buchanan, an ardent opponent not only of this Iraq war but the one of 1991 as well. In between are grudging supporters like Robert F. Ellsworth and Dimitri K. Simes, who have dissented from Bush's democratizing goals but not from ousting Saddam Hussein, and cautious critics like George F. Will.
Aside from shedding light on some matters of political theory and on the texture of conservative thought, Rosen's book serves the valuable purpose of helping to distill the essential issues that are on the table in debates about the war. The exchanges would no doubt have had a different tone and balance, and different nuances, had the compendium included liberal voices. But the principal serious questions would not have been different.
As I see it, these questions reduce to five. First, should we be embarked on a "war against terrorism," or would we have been better advised to take a lower-key approach? Second, does Bush's strategy of trying to bring democracy to the Middle East as an antidote to terrorism make sense? Third, was removing Saddam Hussein a necessary or at least advisable step in the war against terror and in the promotion of democracy in the Middle East? Fourth, have the defects in the conduct of the war been so grave as to compromise the achievement of its objectives? Fifth and finally, what should we do now?
Let me review some of the more interesting points made by Rosen's contributors on these questions, buttressing them here and there with the arguments of liberals. In coming to the fourth question, I will also adduce another recent book, this one by a liberal author with interesting things of his own to say about Iraq. Finally, I mean to interrupt and argue back as I go along.
On the first question, Norman Podhoretz, crediting the coinage to Eliot A. Cohen, calls our present struggle "World War IV." Others find this much too stark. To be sure, no one in any part of the American mainstream denies that we should counteract terrorism. But there are many who believe that Bush has gone overboard with his rhetoric about an "axis of evil," with the demand that other nations choose between us and the terrorists, and with his readiness to back his words with force.
Many liberals, for example, would prefer a law-enforcement approach centered on bringing Osama bin Laden and others responsible for specific outrages to justice. This viewpoint is expressed explicitly by some, like George Soros, and it is implicit in the hue and cry over alleged violations of the civil liberties of terrorism suspects. (Whereas, if one accepts that we are at war, then by the standards of wartime the derogations from procedural norms since 9/11 have been so minor as to warrant scarcely a peep.)
Few conservatives, for their part, would find a juridical solution adequate to the problem of terrorism. But, in Rosen's collection, a kindred point is made by Francis Fukuyama, who maintains that the American government overreacted to the 9/11 attacks. Objecting to Charles Krauthammer's assertion that Islamic terrorism poses an "existential threat" to America, Fukuyama writes:
If these words have any real meaning, then they should include only threats to our existence as a nation or as a democratic regime. There have been such threats in the past: the Soviet Union [for instance]. But it is questionable whether any such existential threats exist now. Iraq before the U.S. invasion was certainly not one. . . . Al Qaeda and other radical Islamist groups aspire to be existential threats to American civilization but do not currently have anything like the capacity to actualize their vision.
On the basis of this analysis, Fukuyama and some other conservatives (and even more liberals) have faulted the administration for doing too little to secure international legitimacy for U.S. actions through authorization by the United Nations or some other means.2
No doubt our diplomacy might have been more adroit at one turn or another; when is this not the case? But the only obvious way that the United States could have won appreciably more support would have been by softening its approach and lowering its goals. Fukuyama apparently would welcome this on the grounds that the threat is less than "existential." But is that the right criterion?
The attacks on America of September 11, 2001 were new in their scale and technique but not in their essential nature. On the contrary, Middle Eastern terrorists had been assaulting and killing Americans for 30 years, with little or no response from us. Podhoretz recapitulates some of this history but cannot possibly provide it all. The jihadists have murdered our diplomatic personnel in numerous countries, hijacked our airliners and cruise ships, blown our civilian aircraft out of the sky, killed our Marines in their barracks, soldiers in their beds, sailors in their berths. They have kidnapped, tortured, and murdered us by the ones, the tens, and the hundreds. On 9/11 they succeeded at last in getting thousands of us in a swoop. To which they have said, "praise God," and have aimed still higher. It is far from unimaginable that they could next kill tens of thousands.
Would that constitute an "existential" threat, justifying war? Should we care? It already constitutes an intolerable one.
Of course, to say that the conflict amounts to war does not tell us what to do about it. Like the cold war, the war against terrorism cannot be fought only with military means. The political side of U.S. strategy is democratization of the Middle East, which is the subject of the second question I listed above.
The theory behind President Bush's strategy rests on an extrapolation from the well-publicized observation that democracies do not go to war with one another. From this he infers that democratic governments will not abet terrorism and that people who enjoy the opportunities afforded by democracy, and experience its ethos of give-and-take, will not become terrorists.
This reasoning has been challenged on several counts. Some in The Right War?, including Henry Kissinger and Owen Harries, warn about what free votes in the Middle East might yield. In Harries's words, "the attempt to force history in the direction of democracy by an exercise of will is likely to produce more unintended than intended consequences."
There are also those who doubt that the Arab or Muslim nations of the Middle East are capable of sustaining democracy. Charles R. Kesler faults Bush for confusing "the natural right to be free and the capacity to be free," adding, "the question is whether some cultures and religions are less compatible with freedom and democracy than others." Fukuyama, despite having done more than anyone else to popularize democratic universalism through his theory of "the end of history," has similar concerns. "I have never believed that democracies can be created anywhere and everywhere through sheer political will," he writes, adding that he also has doubts about America's suitability as an agent of such change: at "nation-building," he comments, our country's "overall record is not a pretty one."
Whatever Fukuyama may mean by the term "nation-building," the United States has, in fact, had many successes as an agent of democratization, whether by military means or through economic aid, political pressure, and diplomatic intervention. It is no accident that of the regions where American influence weighs most heavily, Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean are today almost entirely democratic, and East Asia largely so. (Of the several exceptions, China, obviously, is a very large one.)
But are Arabs ready for democracy? This we do not know. What we do know is that in recent years, democracy has traveled to places that seemed no more congenial. We know, too, that where democracy has come, its consequences in the realms of peace, development, and political moderation have been beneficial. There is little reason not to expect the same if we succeed in democratizing the Middle East.
That, to be sure, does not dispose of Harries's and Kissinger's warnings about unintended consequences. Our efforts could destabilize existing regimes, giving rise not to democracy but to chaos or to new dictatorships even less to our liking. There is no denying that this danger has existed in Iraq—which gets us to the third of the questions I posed earlier.
Conceivably, one might embrace the concept of a "war against terrorism," and even the strategy of promoting Middle East democracy, and still demur from the war in Iraq. Writing in Rosen's anthology, James Kurth contends that the Iraq war "is indeed likely . . . to cause . . . grave and long-term injury to . . . U.S. efforts to promote democracy abroad." But Kurth, a realist, is also no supporter of promoting democracy, so his complaint has the appearance of crocodile tears. More credible is Fukuyama, who worries that America's deficit of legitimacy in Iraq will undermine its idealistic agenda.
It is certainly true that the war in Iraq has deepened America's unpopularity in the Arab world, and perhaps diminished our influence. At the same time, however, and despite their rage at Bush, the Arabs of the Middle East have never before been in such a democratic ferment as they are today, and it is foolish to pretend that American policy is not the catalyst. As the Lebanese Druze leader Walid Jumblatt, ordinarily no friend of America's, attested in February: "I was cynical about Iraq. But when I saw the Iraqi people voting three weeks ago, 8 million of them, it was the start of a new Arab world. The Syrian people, the Egyptian people, all say that something is changing. The Berlin Wall has fallen. We can see it."
Could someone who is a supporter of the wider war against the Islamist threat nonetheless dissent from the campaign in Iraq? In theory, certainly. Nor is this historically unprecedented. World Wars I and II were replete with arguments about which front to open when, and some proponents of the cold war did not support America's effort in Vietnam.
The current case is trickier. Ousting the Taliban from Kabul and al Qaeda from its Afghan sanctuary was our obvious first move. After that, there was room to differ about what should come next. One might have maintained that Iran was a more important objective than Iraq (as did Michael Ledeen, for one) or that Syria was an easier one. Still, once the President had decided that our next step was to topple Saddam, it is hard to see how anyone who supported the broader effort could stand aloof from this particular instance of it. Whether or not Iraq was our best move at that moment, once the battle was taken there, to lose it would risk losing the entire war against terror.
But this leads to the fourth question. Even those who have supported the war in Iraq, and the thinking that led to it, may still fault its conduct. Eliot Cohen puts it this way: "the handling of the war has made an admittedly risky strategy far more precarious and costly than it need have been."
Has the administration defeated its own laudable policy by its execution of it? For help in answering this, we may turn to the book to which I alluded earlier: Squandered Victory: The American Occupation and the Bungled Effort to Bring Democracy to Iraq by Larry Diamond.3
A senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution and the co-editor of the Journal of Democracy, Diamond is arguably the nation's preeminent academic authority on global democracy. Although a Democrat, and an opponent of the Iraq war, he was invited by Condoleezza Rice, then Bush's national security adviser, to join the occupation authority in late 2003 as an adviser on democratization. He spent the first three months of 2004 on this mission.
Diamond's judgment of what he saw there is damning. The occupation, he writes, was a failure, a "squandering of a decisive, potentially historic military victory. Mistakes were made at virtually every turn." Of the military officers he spoke to, "none . . . thought we had enough troops in Iraq." U.S. officials ignored "warnings of possible civil disorder after the fall of Baghdad," with the result that "the collapse of public order in the aftermath of the war had devastating, long-lasting consequences. It undermined Iraqis' confidence in the United States and in the postwar order."
Why did the U.S. government ignore its own experts? The problem, according to Diamond, lay with the Defense Department, which insisted on monopolizing policy at the expense of the State Department. To make matters worse, each of the two Americans chosen to run the occupation did a poor job. First came Jay Garner, who presented "a bungling, wavering American presence, in which no one was really in charge." Then Garner was sacked in favor of Paul Bremer, who erred in the opposite direction. "If Bremer was sincere in wanting to bring democracy to Iraq," writes Diamond, "it was at his own pace and in his own way."
In the end, Diamond concludes,
our grand ambitions for . . . educating Iraqis about democracy were ground down by the hard realities of the situation we faced—the shortage of resources and people, the makeshift character of our organization, the cumbersome pace of our deliberations, the economic and civic devastation of the country, and, most of all, the relentless and escalating violence.
What would Diamond have had us do differently? His answer, aside from platitudes like listening more to the Iraqis or letting the State Department have its place at the bureaucratic table, seems to have two main points. First, he would have sent many more troops and used them more decisively; in particular, he would have crushed the forces of the Shiite upstart Moqtada al Sadr, whose viciousness he illustrates in grim detail. Second, he would have arranged a much larger, if not dominant, role for the United Nations in the administration of Iraq. Indeed, he tells us that he worked intensely behind the scenes to facilitate this even before leaving the U.S. for Baghdad.
Arguments similar to Diamond's can be found in Rosen's book: Ellsworth and Simes, for instance, would have turned Iraq over, lock, stock, and barrel, to the UN and the Arab League. In any case, Diamond's two-pronged remedy is self-contradictory. The UN would hardly have consented to use force as decisively as the United States has. Quite the opposite: the UN's preference has always been to give miscreants like Saddam Hussein or Slobodan Milosevic one more chance after America's patience has been exhausted. If Kofi Annan had not rushed to Baghdad in 1998 to pull Saddam's chestnuts from the fire when the Iraqi dictator unilaterally overturned the original UN weapons-inspection regime, it is at least conceivable that the present war would not have occurred. And that Lakhdar Brahimi, the Algerian diplomat whom Annan sent to Iraq, and whom Diamond praises to the skies, would have allowed occupation forces to crush the unauthorized Iraqi militias beggars belief.
Diamond's prescription is so strained as to make one question his diagnosis. It is no less difficult to accept his certainty, based on the events of 2003 and 2004 alone, that the American effort in Iraq is a failure. But—and we are now at the fifth and final question—this is where some of the realist voices in Rosen's volume come through with refreshing clarity.
"Success is the only exit strategy," writes Kissinger. "Getting chased from Iraq would make it open season on U.S. interests throughout the Middle East," explain the editors of National Review. This, if anything, understates the case. As Podhoretz notes, the jihadists already have more support among the world's billion-plus Muslims than we find it diplomatic to acknowledge. If they defeat America in Iraq, their star will rise all around the Islamic world, and moderates will be hard-pressed to resist them.
Fukuyama, as we have seen, would seem to demur on this point: because the jihadists do not challenge America's military supremacy as the Soviet Union did, our credibility is not so precious an asset. To this one might respond that, more than any other foe we have faced, the jihadists' motivation and strength depend on their belief in their divine mission. They batten on each success, and especially on each successful attack against a superficially mightier force. Bin Laden never tires of explaining that the Muslim victory over the Soviets in Afghanistan, in which he took part, is what convinced him of the possibility of vanquishing the other infidel power, America.
It is true that America lost the war in Vietnam and went on to win the larger cold war. Similarly, we might triumph in the end over jihadism even if we were to lose in Iraq. But, proportionally, this would be a much bigger setback. Vietnam was always a distant corner of the cold war, whose epicenter lay in Berlin. But Iraq is right in the heart of the Arab world, and it is now the central front of World War IV Defeat there would be more akin to a cold-war defeat in Germany than in Indochina. We might eventually recover from it, but only at a price—in the lives of Americans, both military and civilian—that would make what we have been through so far seem like child's play.
1 Cambridge, 254 pp., $19.99 (paper).
2 Fukayama's essay, published originally in the quarterly National Interest, was followed in the next issue by a sharp rejoinder from Krauthammer, also included in Rosen's book.
3 Times Books, 384 pp., $25.00.


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Ml'ch 26, 1929. H, J, 53h/HTH4 1,706,500
I SURGICAL RETRACTOR Filed Aug. l, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet. 1
March 26', 1929. H. J. sMrH SURGICAL RETRACTOR 2 sheets-sheer 2 Filed Aug. l, `192'7 Patented Mar. 26, 1929.
Uniti-:D STATES PATENroFFicE- HENRY .'r. SMITH, or MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.
Application filed August 1, 1927. Serial No. 209,739. l
forming an operation, and hasfor its objectvto improve the same, as will hereinafter appear.
To the above end, generally stated, the invention consists ofthe novel devices and coinbiiiations of devices hereinafter described and defined inthe claims. Y .Y
ln the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the invention, like characters indicate like parts'throughout the "several views.
Referring to the drawings:
Fig.` 1 is a perspective view showing one form of the invention, with Vsome parts broken away and other parts sectioned;
. Fig. 2 is a view in front end elevation with some part-s broken away and other parts sectioned, and further illustrating, by means of broken lines, one of the reflectors .removed from the respective apron; l f
Fig. 3 is a view corresponding to` Fig. 2, but showing the turnable arm operated to bring its tip into close relation with the tip on the other arm; y Figa 1 is a detail view principally inr sec- 'tioii taken on the line l-l of Fig. 1;
VFig. a fragmentary detail viewV with some parts sectioned on' the line 5-5 of Fig. 1; y
Fig. 6 is a dctailview in section taken on i :the line 6 6 of Fig. 2;
l Fig. 7 isa bottom plan view showing an'- other 'form of the invention; and e Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing still another form of the invention. v
Referring first to the-invention as shown in Figs'. 1 to 6, inclusive, the invention includes a frame comprising a relatively long sleeve bearing 9 having a ratchet bar 10 integrally formedv therewith which extends radiallyt-lierefioiii, and a tubular slide 11 mounted on said ratchet bar' for longitudinal sliding movement. The slide 11 is rectangular in cross section,l closely lits around the ratchet bar 10, and is held' thereby 'from turningin respect thereto.
V(lo-operating with the ratchet bar 10 for lsecuring the'slide 11 thereto in different ad-v justinents, there is pivoted to said slide a dog 12 yieldingly held for engagement with any one of the teeth on said ratchet bar, and i which teeth are arranged to hold the slide 11 against movement toward the sleeve bearing 9, but with freedom for sliding move- Y ment therefrom. Thedog 12 is provided with a thumbpiece 13 by which it may be loperated 'to'4 release saiddog from the engaged tooth of the ratchet bar 10 and permit the slide 11 tofibe moved toward the ysleevebeai ing 9. To prevent. the slide 11 from being accidentally detached from the ratchet ba-r 10, said .slide is provided with a screw 14 which works in alongitudiiial slot 15 formed in the ratchet barlO.
The invention further provides a pair of parallel tubular arms 16v and 17, the former of vwhich-is mounted in the sleeve bearing 9 to turn on its'longitudinal axis, and the other of which is rigidly secured to the slide 11. An external annular shoulder 18 on the arm 16 engages the forward end of the sleeve bearing 9 as astop to prevent rearward movement of the arm 16 in said bearing. To lock Y the arm 16 from turning movement in the sleeve bearing 9 and in a predetermined set position, there is rigidly secured to the rear and end thereof a spring lever 19 having on its free end a finger-.piece 20. This lever 19 rests. on a relatively long stop shoulder 21 on Lan arm 22 integrally formed with thc.
sleeve bearing F9, extends parallel to the ratchet bar 10, and is laterally spaced rearward therefrom. AlsoV integrally formed with the armQQ is a loclrlug 23 which overlies the lever 19 vand normally holds the same from .being lifted rfrom the stop shoulder 21. Obviously, by a rearward pressu-re'on the linger-piece 20,-the lever 19 may bespruiig rear-v ward andy moved on the Stop Shoulder 21 froin'under the lock lug 23 to release the same and thereby permit said leverto be lifted to turn the arm 16 in the sleeve bearing 19.
Each arm 16-1'7 is provided with an in turned laterally projecting bifurcated extension 24, the members of which are tubular and opeii into the respective arms 16--17.V
The two lextensions 24am aligned transversely of the arms 164-17 'and haverigidly secured thereto a pain of parallel aprons 25 which extend at right angles toY Said extensionv and parallel to the arms 16 and 17. Formed With the longitudinal edges oli each apron is a pair of tubular seats 26 which extend into said aprons from the lower edge thereof.
The arms 16 and 17 are provided with a pair ot interchangeably usable 'tips 27 and 26, respectively. Each tip 27-28 is provided With a pair oi upstanding prongs 2,9v which are frictionally held' inthe seats 26' oi the respective apron 25. It may be here statedth-at each pair oi' prongs 29 require slight springing movement towardeach other to insert the same into the seats 26 so that they will b e yieldingly and. irictionalfly held'lin position. tt will be noted that. the tip 27 is'considerably Wider than the tip 28 and these tips may be interchanged or tips fot various different shapesand sizes vmay be 'substituted' therefor, depending on the class of Werl; for which they are intended to be used.
Formed in .ea-ch member ofi: each 'extension 24` is a relatively deep light bulbA socket 3() which extends through vthe 'respective apron .25 perpendicular thereto as Well as the respective arm 16-1-7. 'Lamp bulbs 31 are removably held in theysockets 3()` by screw threads and 'it Will be noted, by `reference 'to Fig. 2, that only portionsot their outer ends, in which the light is generated, project beyond the opposing surfaces of. the'aprons 25. To each apron 25 is removably applied a reflector 32 for the respective pair'otf light bulbs 31. The reflectors 32 have Vdove-tailed sliding engagement Withthe api-0h25, as indicated at 33, andare -removable therefrom by a lifting movement only. rIfhe depth of the seats in' the aprons 25 for :the reflectors 32` is-such that the tops thereof'are flush Withthe upper edges oi said aprons.
A pairof insulated Wires 34 for each pair et light bulblsockets are-*laid inthe vrespective tubular arm 16--17 and vtheir extension 24and have their inner ends attached one vto each socket 30 and their outer'cnds are'separably connected to a lead Wire 35. A ground Wire 36"'lior vthe sockets 30 fis attached-to the frame by the screw 14. f The lead Wires 35 and ground wire 36 lead from any suitable source of electrical energy. T he operation ot the surgical retractormay be briefly described as Afollows: The arms 16 and 17are first adjustedrelatively close togetherand'thelever 19 released from the lock lug 23' and operated to -turn the arm 16 andv bring itstip y27 into contact xviththe tip28,as shown in Fig. 3. In this position of the tips -27 and 23 'they are inserted into an incision and the lever. 191is` then operated to again turn the arm `16=andy properly position itsftip 27, as shown in Figs. 1
shoulder 21 andz 'when released, will spring yFhis movement ofthe lever 19, is limited' by lits engagement .with thev stopy in either direction so that the tip 27 is positively held in its proper relation to the tip 28.
The arms 16-17 are then drawn apart to spread the Walls of the body at the incision andthus hold the same. During this movement of the arms 16-17,1the dog I2 freely rides over the teeth of the ratchet bar 10, but when stopped will automatically engage one of the teeth and hold said arms Where set.
r'lf'he relectors73l2 co-acting with `the aprons 25 direct the rays oit light trom-the light bulbs 31, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 2, throw the llight'downward Whereneeded, and atfthe saine time prevent the same from being revlected fupivard into the eyes oi' the surgeon. Said reflectors 32 also-prevent the bulbs V311- from becoming coated With blood or other foreignA matter and at the-sametime-protect the light bulbs 31' from being hit With an instrument during the v operation, and broken. he reflectors 32 are lirmly held in position onthe-aprons 25 so that'they cannot be accidentally dislodged, but at the sameftimeithe'y vmay be easily removed for various "different purposes, 'such asxchanging the bulbs 31,701'
for cleansingor sterilizing the retractor.-
The aprons A25 prevent blood fromIcoining into contact withthe light bulbs 31 and, as
'previously stated,=coact Witht-he 'reflectors 32V to "properly direct 'the rays of light `from the lamp -bulbs31. These'aprons 25 also rigidly connect the members of each extension 24E-and thereby lirmly hold the sockets 31 in position.
By extending the Wires 34e throughv the tubular arms v16e-17 theygare out oi? the way and at the same time fully protected so that they cannot be disconnected from 'their terminals.
Referring now to the instrument illustrated in Fig. 7, the .action thereof Ais the same as that ofthe instrument just described `With the exception that the tubular arms'37 are connected byasear spring 38,understrain ito open said arms and hol-d the samein diverging relation. The intermediate coil of the spring 38 is `i'nGlosed in a two-part case 39., the sections of which are detachably connected by a screw 40.. The' rear-end portions ofthe arms 37areflaterally ollset toward each` other' to aiiord-avpairof handles 41 adapted tobe grasped in the hand ot an operator `and pressed tmvardeach other to move `the arms 37` toward-each otheragainst the tensionof the spring 38.
rllhe arms-31,at their outer ends", are pro-n videdv With lateral eXtensionsA-2 to kWhich aprons 43 are secured. Light bulbsV 44 are mounted in sockets in the members of the extensions 42 and provided with reflectors 45. `interchangeably usable tips 46 are removably mounted in tubular seats in the aprons 43.
The elements 42 to 46, inclusive, as shown, are v are gradually released to allow the spring 38j to swing the arms "7 apart and thereby cause the tips 46 to engage` the walls of the body the incision and draw` the same apart and hold the same spread. Y
Referring now to the retractor illustrated in Fig. 8, the same is a very simple structure and has only one tip for Contact with one of the walls of the body at an incision therein, and is intended tobe manually held when in use. However, this retractor may be used singly or in pairs and if desirable, suitable means may be provided for holding the same operative.
This retractor includes a frame comprising a tubular member folded upon itself to afford a pair of parallel arms 49 rigidly connected at their free ends by an apron 50 that extends at right angles thereto.- The frame, at itstransverse portion, is expanded to afford a handle 5l by which the instrument may be held. The tip 52 like the tip-28 is mounted in tubular seats 53 in the apron 5()k and light bulbs 54 are removably mounted in light bulb sockets in the outer ends of the arms 49 and extended through apertures in the. apron 50. Removably mounted on the apron 50 is a reiiector 55. rlhe elements 50 to 55, inclusive, vare identical with those shown in the other illustrations of the instrument with the exception that the light bulbs 54 are axially aligned with the longitudinal axes of the arms 49 instead of extending perpendicular thereto. Lead wires 56 for the light bulb sockets are extended through ground wire 5'? is attached by a screw 58 to said frame. y
l/Vhat l claimis:
l. A surgical retractor including an arm having a pair of tubular seats, extending transversely of the arm and laterally spaced longitudinally thereof, and a tip having a pairof prongs-removably held by friction in the seats. V
2. A surgical retractor including an arm having a laterallyk offset apron extendingf substantially parallel thereto, said apron having a pair of tubular seats extending t Iansversely of the arm and laterally spaced the tubular frame and a` longitudinally thereof an-d a tip having a pair of prongs removably held by friction in the seats.
3. A surgical retractor including a pair of `arnishaving laterally and inwardly offset aurons on their outer ends, and tips applied to the aprons and forming lower end eXten-.
sions thereof.
4. rlhe structure defined in claim 3-in which the tips have prongs removably held by friction in tubular seats in the aprons and removably securing the tips to the aprons.
5. A surgical retractor including a frame, a pair of arms on the frame,l one of which mounted to turn on its longitudinal axis,
and a pair of co-ojierating tips on the arms.
6. The structure defined in claim 5 in further combination with latch-acting means for holding the turnable arm with its tip in a predetermined position in respect to the tip on the other arm.
i'. rlhe structure defined in claiml 5 in which the frame is adjustable to impart reverse movements to the arms. Y
8.. A surgical retractor including a frame having a bearing sleeve, a laterally projecting ratchet bar on the sleeve, a slide on the ratchet bar having a dog for cooperation therewith, a pair of arms, one of which is mounted in the bearing sleeve to turn on its longitudinal axis and the other ofwhich is rigidly. secured tothe sli-de, and` co-operating tips on the arms.
9. A surgical retractor including a tubular arm having a depen-ding tip and a lamp bulb socket above the tip, an electric wire Vfor the socket laid in the tubular arm, and
a lamp bulb in the socket.
lO. The structure defined in claim 9 in further combinaton with a reflector for the lamp bulb.
ll. A surgical retractor including an arm lia-ving a laterally offset extension, a depending apron on theextension extending-substantially parallel to the arm, a` tip foi-ming a. lower endv extension of the apron, a light bulb socket in the extension, a light bulb in the socket proj ecting` through the apron,'and a reflector mounted on the apron for the light bulb. K
12. A surgical retractor including a-pair of arms connected for reverse lateral movements and having lateral Xtensions that project towardeach other, a pair of depending aprons on the extension, tips forming lower end extensions of the aprons, light bulb sockets in the extensions, a light bulb in the `socket eX- tending' through` the aprons, and reflectors mounted on the aprons for the light bulbs.
13. The structure defined in claim l2 iu' further combination with electric wires for he sockets laid in the tubular arms, and a ground wire connectedv to the arms.
14. A surgical retractor including a frame having a sleeve bearing, a laterally projectilo inigeivzt'tchet bar on thebemfng, Ia* sldeon the i'zt'liiet bnr having a. dog for cooperation therewith, a pailL of tubular arms, one of which is mounted vin the bearing to turn on itslongitudlinal axis, and the other of which is rigidi-y secured tothe slide, said arms hav- 'ing a pair-orf lateral' extensions that project toward each other, a pair of rupi-'011s on the extensions', light bulb sockets in they eXtenthnongth 1th@ aprons, ieectols on--the aprons for the Light bulbs, electrio Wires for the sockets ilatid` inthe tubular minis, ,and a' ground wir@ z attachedA t@ the slids In :testimony Wheveof I :ax my signataire.
Referenced by
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Puppy Loveon March 1st, 2011
Happy Tuesday everyone!
(sidenote: Happy Birthday to my brother Justin!)
First of all, awesome comic. Secondly, have you been eating your Wheaties? You've made some excellent leaps and bounds in the past two strips. Very impressed. Keep it up!
Well, that was a bizarre twist. Although you may want build an army of cats if your goal is world domination. Dogs can be rather submissive.
I think cats already have world domination.
Why is it that I can totally see you doing this?!? Lol
There's something about the way you've drawn your hair and eyebrows that does make me think: This man will rule the world with a canine army one day. I also enjoy how the smiling petite dog is being drawn in by your charisma.
Love the batman shirt!
Good call, going with dogs. Cats are too rude and lazy. Personally, I'd go with bats. 1. They can fly, 2. They get rid of bugs, and 3. They freak my sisters out. Plus, have you ever seen a car splattered with the dookie from one bird? Think of that, but with hundreds of bats.
Ha! Love this one!


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Some SK characters are incarnations of the Devil: Kurt Barlow; Randall Flagg; the Man In Black; the Crimson King; Leland Gaunt; Pennywise; Charles Burnside.
Some just walk right on through the Mental Ward door and never return: Jack Torrance; Thad Beaumont; Mort Rainey; Annie Wilkes; Margaret White.
And some are just lyin', cheatin', cold, dead-beatin', two-timin', double-dealin', mean, mistreatin', loathesome weasels.
I'm not including the Lucifer stand-ins or the Certifiables. Which weasel did you love to hate the most?


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Recent Appearances
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John Wilson talked about President Obama's announcement on education reform which backed merit-based pay and spoke…
National Education Association Annual Meeting
The annual meeting of the National Education Association opened with a presentation of the meetings topic, "Redefining…
Minority Dropout Rates
Educators spoke about a school dropout problem which was especially prevalent in ethnic minority communities. Among the…
Funding for No Child Left Behind
John Wilson talked about funding for the No Child Left Behind program. The National Education Association had launched…
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Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at Circle Jerk Boys
Watch the hottest amateur straight guys jack off alone and together. You won�t believe what we get these normally hetero studs to do for the camera.
Two brand new faces this week on CircleJerkBoys.com and you're gonna love these two. The first is Leo Paige. Leo is a fresh, clean cut face with a brilliant smile and a bit of a twang in his voice. Leo is from Atlanta, Georgia and he's a ripe 18 years of age. To his right is a tall drink of YUM that hails from our neighbor to the north, Canada. This self-professed gypsy is 19 years old and goes by "Novack", Isaac Novack. Novack's energy is as hot as he is. These two are horny young studs. Leo's favorite way to cum is getting fucked while Novack's favorite way to cum is by fucking a guy doggy and having his thighs and pelvis is hitting the ass he's pounding. Hmmm, we sense a bit of foreshadowing? They start to make out and lose articles of clothing and soon enough are buck ass naked on the couch with Leo getting much better acquainted with Novack's thick cock. Novack lies back and just watches as Leo goes to work on that Canadian meat. While Leo's busy worshipping that thick c
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In Disney's very, very underrated film Meet the Robinsons, there is a great scene where Lewis, the young protagonist, tries his hand at solving a technical problem. His solution, though, turns out to be an absolute failure. He is shamefaced, at first, but is then astounded when he is surrounded by people conveying to him a simple message: "Congratulations! You failed!" He's congratulated because "From failing, you learn. From success? Not so much."
I don't know if he's seen the film, but I'm willing to wager that Tim Harford would approve of this scene. After all, his new book, Adapt: Why Success Starts With Failure, pretty much has this as its thesis.
I suggested to Mr. Harford on Twitter that a better subtitle for his book might be "Business should be more like science," but thinking about that now, I think a better subtitle might be: "Life should be more like science." And by science, I don't necessarily mean rigorous, plodding experimentation, but basic concepts of trial and error. As zombie Richard Feynman so famously said, "'Ideas are tested by experiment.' That is the core of science." And a big part of that is learning to embrace failure as something to learn from.
In his sweeping book, this focus on the importance of trial and error is a common thread taking us throughout Harford's well-chosen case studies. But more importantly, it threads to the opposite – to what happens when we ignore trial and error in favor of ideology or groupthink. The result is almost always a disaster. And perhaps nowhere in the book is this concept clearer than in two chapters about recent events: the war in Iraq and the 2008 Financial Crisis.
But Adapt is more than just a chronicle of failure. It's a chronicle of success, and a demonstration of how businesses and organizations can thrive if they make room for trial and error, dissent and innovation in a climate where failures can be compartmentalized so that they don't cause damage to the overall systems. From Broadway to Silicon Valley, Harford demonstrates that a willingness to dare greatly and make mistakes pays off — even when you make mistakes. So long as, of course, you learn from those mistakes, take criticism to heart, and strive to create success out of those initial failures.
I honestly cannot recommend Adapt enough – it's a clear and concise demonstration, through a variety of examples, that making room for the core principles of science as trial and error, adaptation and learning from failure, pave a clear way for success in organizations, business, and our lives in general. In a time in American culture where overachievers strive so hard to never make a mistake that they never accomplish anything, and political candidates pore through college term papers of their opponents in the vain hope of finding something embarrassing, it's a message that we sorely need.
As a sneak peek of some of the ideas in the book, below you can find an excellent TED talk by Tim Harford themes. You can also check out his interview with my Forbes colleague Michael Noer about the book here.


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Following recent storms in the Lansing area, several residents have come forward complaining of flooded basements and property.
Homes and areas that rarely if ever saw flooding have now experienced similar problems consistently for the last 3-4 years, said Council President Carol Wood.
And Wood said most of the flooding issues can be traced back to the city's Combined Sewer Overflow project that was put in back in 2005.
The Lansing City Council Committee of the Whole is meeting Monday night at 6:30 p.m., along with representatives from the city's Public Service Dept., to discuss the issue and what should be done to ease the problem going forward.
WILX's Josh Sidorowicz will be sitting in on the meeting and will have more tonight on News 10 at 11.
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Led Zeppelin is Rediculous.
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Join Date: Jun 2006
Location: Clarkston,MI.
Posts: 2,252
Re: Led Zeppelin is Rediculous.
Originally Posted by
Try the BBC sessions. Really amazing. The best thing I have heard by them I think.
Yes BBC is great but I like "How The West Was Won" also,When LZ was hitting on all cylinders live there was very few if any bands out there at that time that could touch them.
All of the studio albums are great but I prefer "Presence" just on the fact that it's probably the most under-radio played album they made, "Achilles Last Stand" how amazing is that tune and how many times have you heard it on the radio? Catch my drift? or just listen too "Tea for One" for one of the best slow-blues tracks in the Zeppelin library.
Yes they are & always will be my Fav but yes I agree the same tunes are constantly played on the radio it got too the point where every time I started to hear "Stairway" back in the 80's I would change the station immediately LOL but then I didn't. hear it for a long time and today I almost have a new appreciation for the tune how weird is that LOL
I just as with a lot of Zep fans wish Robert Plant would get his head out of his a-- and tour with Jimmy,John-Paul & Jason one last time they don't. have too be like the Stones and tour every 2 years just one final hoo-hah. I know RP don't. want too go back too yesterday(Led-Zeppelin) but he wouldn't. have today(Allison Krauss,solo career) if it wasn't. for yesterday.
I was too young to see them in their hayday but i've seen everything else....The Firm,John Paul Jones solo,Jimmy Page solo,Robert Plant solo,Page & Plant,Coverdale & Page, & Jimmy Page w/the Black Crows. Give us one last tour so the average,hardworking LZ fan can see them live. Thanks for letting me vent LOL
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We love The Classic! It's firmly entrenched in our heart that's for sure.
Errr... I get the feeling there's been a mix up.
Oliver Harris, Sophia Johnson, and The Fan Brigade are going to romance you til your undies fall out of your trouser leg.
The 2015 NZ International Comedy Festival in cahoots with Old Mout Cider has been a sensational one for us and we'd love to know how you enjoyed it.
4 1/2 Stars - ... tomorrow's brightest comedic stars already shining so bright
Liam Golds - Keeping Up With NZ - 19 May 2015


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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Children's Choir Music: 2 items found
Die Zauberflote KV 620
6 soprano voice solos, 3 boys' voices, 4 tenor voice solos, 5 bass voice solos, 4 speakers, mixed choir, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 basset horns, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, timpani, glockenspiel, strings
German opera in two acts. Composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791). Edited by Gernot Gruber; Alfred Orel; Heinz Moehn. This edition: Complete edition, Urtext edition. Linen. New Mozart Edition. Series II, Section 5/19. Score. KV 620. Duration 3 hours. Published by Baerenreiter Verlag (BA.BA4553-01).
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Sonatenthema nach Mozart, KV 331
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Composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791). Edited by Gerhard Rabe. Choral Score. Published by Edition Tonger (E4.R75-1).
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Gamecube won't run from a softmod loader on a usb device.
Sent from my van, down by the river.
Never quantify your life by comparison. It is always going to be apples to oranges. If you feel the need to always look down on others, you currently do not own enough mirrors------ Tommie Griffin.
You can look into USB HDD hard mods, such as wode or sundriver.
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Relax & unwind with all-natural bath products, delicious foods, and CD of relaxing music. The bath products contain calming & soothing botanical extracts, & the healthy foods promote a sense of calmness. Great gift for her!


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Welcome to Magnificent Marsha, the newest resource for actress Marsha Thomason. Known for her roles on Las Vegas, Lost, Playing the Field and Where the Heart is she currently stars on White Collar as Diana Barrigan. Keep checking in for the newest images, news and information about Marsha and her career.
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A few of the styles from which to choose include Karate, Jiu-Jitsu, Kickboxing, Wing Chun, Taekwondo and Aikido. Each type of martial arts training possesses its own advantages and cons. However, all martial arts training have a lot of common advantages.
The most obvious benefit of fighting styles training is understanding the best way to defend oneself and loved ones in very damaging situations. Nonetheless, adult fighting techniques training is not only just about fighting. It includes other benefits including improving cardiovascular health insurance toning the muscular system. Martial arts training also helps increase the strength with the body as the techniques teach you to use his / her strength effectively.
By learning fighting styles, you may also enhance your flexibility significantly. Almost all of the true with Taekwondo, Kung Fu and a few schools of Ozone Park Karate. All types of fighting styles could also help you improve coordination and shed weight.
Fighting techniques training helps as well improve reflexes. To be able to compete in Ozone Park adult martial arts, it is necessary to execute various attacks, defenses and movements fast. These speedy reflexes may also be attractive other parts of your lifetime. They can deal with sports, driving and a lot of alternative activities where you should react fast for your environment.
Fighting techniques lessons also assist improve mental health. When training in fighting techniques, you will understand how to focus on your actions plus your body while tuning out any distractions. This could translate in your way of life by letting you stay more tightly focused around the things what you are doing.
Martial arts training can also show you how to control your impulses and emotions like fear and anger. They can also assist you to gain innovative skills, engage in a team and be well informed. Martial arts training training likewise helps relieve stress. By allowing your aggression while on an opponent or a punching bag might help relieve some stress. Furthermore, additionally, you will figure out how to complete one task during a period and after that move to a higher task as an alternative to wanting to complete everything simultaneously.
When lessons in an organization session, each of the troubles around the globe will apparently subside. You are going to emerged from your training sessions feeling energized, refreshed and capable to tackle the world. As a way to make use of adult martial arts, you should find the discipline that will help you achieve your purpose.
Should you be looking for a fighting techniques style that can show you the way to defend yourself,you can pick similar to Krav Manga. If you are searching forward to penetrate shape or lose fat, you may decide kickboxing. If you need to learn martial arts that will assist you to take part in competition, karate could be the right discipline. The true secret to selecting the most appropriate style is usually to determine exactly what you want.
It is also important to decide on a martial arts training style that fits your financial budget. After deciding on the best style, it is possible to proceed on to find a class or trainer. A few of the factors you should think about while searching for a martial arts training trainer or class include accreditation, teaching styles, meeting times and atmosphere.


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How AT & T's Acquisition of T-Mobile Will Affect their 4G Networks
If AT&T's plan to acquire T-Mobile USA is approved by U.S. regulatory authorities, it will completely change the wireless landscape. The merger will affect rates, customer service and consumer choice, to say the least. But what will it mean for AT&T and T-Mobile's 4G network implementation?
While Sprint and Verizon have full-fledged 4G networks up and running, using WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and LTE (Long Term Evolution), respectively, AT&T and T-Mobile lag behind with HSPA+ (Evolved High-Speed Packet Access) technology. Though the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) recognizes HSPA+ as 4G, it's considered by experts to be more like 3.5G. This is in part because HSPA+ is an upgrade of the carrier's existing equipment, while WiMax and LTE are a complete overhaul. Both AT&T and T-Mobile have mentioned plans to adopt LTE; AT&T's launch is imminent, while T-Mobile does not yet have a set timeline.


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Unlocking the Key to Deep Sleep
By Sarah Fenske
Making the Ferguson Commission Matter
By Danny Wicentowski
My Fake Boyfriend Became a Real-Life Crush
By Lindsay Toler
Rep. Jeffrey Pogue Bill Would Ban Unisex Bathrooms
By Danny Wicentowski
Darren Wilson Gives Speech to Nonprofit
By Danny Wicentowski
Angel Stewart and Other Victims of Violence Ask for Mercy
By Jessica Lussenhop
Obama Praises St. Louis' LaunchCode
By Lindsay Toler
By Lindsay Toler
Everything is reduced to essence, shape, power.
At 9 a.m., Donnal arrives, clad in dark corduroys, a shimmery chartreuse blazer and a Blues ballcap. His face has a distinct outline, as though someone slowly drew a heart's curves and points without lifting the pencil. Surface textures contradict each other: soft lips, deep dimples, black beard stubble. He comes in quiet as a tsunami and picks up his scissors, ready to restore the sleek cut of a woman who first walked into his Brentwood salon with thick blond shoulder-length "St. Louis" hair.
"I knew she was prettier than that," he murmurs, bending like Gumby at a series of odd angles. He lifts her hair, jabbing scissors in the air underneath, then brings it behind her ears, swipes at it, claps his hands together lightly, reaches for the blowdryer. He sends it all forward, swishing and messing it up, trimming more, fluffing and mussing. The movements aren't prissy, they're relentless. He's searching for "character."
A radio-station executive shows up breathless, 10 minutes late for her appointment. Already occupied, he grins at her: "You're fired." She grins back and offers to juggle her schedule and return early the next morning. His next client holds a piece of hair in front of her forehead to show him how long it is already. "I cannot cut short there," he rebukes her. "I don't cut short that part."
When a man shows up with dark, curly shoulder-length hair, Donnal doesn't even describe how the new short cut will look; instead, he promises, "With this cut you will be able to do anything you want. It will make you powerful." When a famous doctor, about to be interviewed for a national news program, begs him to follow the cut she flies home to get, he cuts off 90 percent, does away with the bangs and dyes it five shades darker. She is appalled -- until her phone starts ringing, all the callers saying how stunning she looked on TV.
Donnal neither flatters nor obeys. "You don't tell a doctor how to do surgery," he reminds any clients who take umbrage. The timid ones he sends away. "They never satisfy themselves," he explains. "They come in and say, 'I don't want to cut my hair short; my husband doesn't like short hair,' and then they say, 'What do you think?' and I say, 'Cut short would look good on you,' and they say, 'Well, my husband doesn't like it,' and then they say again, 'What do you think?' There is just no ending to this! I say to them, 'You don't know who you are. If you cannot make this confidence for yourself, I don't cut hair for you."
He lost about half of his early clients by blurting such things as "Your hips are too wide for that hairstyle." Today, he rarely loses anyone who has the nerve to come in the first place. "It is my way or no way," he explains, "because it is my reputation. And if they still want it their way, I don't mind to lose this business."
Born in 1956 in mainland China, Donnal moved to Hong Kong with his parents when he was 13. After years in "a 5,000-year-old country where everybody's always telling you what to do," he craved freedom. Chafing under British rule -- "Every morning at school we have to sing 'God Save the Queen,' and I don't even know who she is!" -- he spent hours watching Saturday Night Fever and U.S. election coverage. When life in Hong Kong required an English name, he chose Ronald for his hero, Ronald Reagan. "No one could spell it or say it," he sighs. "They said 'Donald,' like Donald Duck. So I took the 'd' off."
At 16, he began playing with fashion, costuming a new identity. For months he cast about for a great haircut, finally stopping a guy on the street to ask where he'd gone. Donnal made an appointment immediately -- without asking the price -- and left the salon with "only a penny for the bus." He rode home with his mind pulled like taffy: "I love how I look; already I can see people looking at me, respecting me. But I hate what I paid for it!" He never went back -- instead, he talked his girlfriend into going, then studied what they did to her hair. "I see the trophies at the salon, I see them very creative, and I realize this is not a simple job. There is power here."
He quit his watchmaking job to apprentice at Rever, "the best salon in Hong Kong," where he "slaved" for the British artistes, watching every move they made in respectful silence. He became a salon manager, began to build a name for himself in high-fashion Hong Kong. Then he fell in love and came to St. Louis with his wife, a petite Chinese-American beauty who was studying at Washington University.
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consumer health encyclopedia, drug info, NLM/NIH more »
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Chapel Hill senior wins American Legion district oratorical contest
Alexander Werden secured a spot in the American Legion's Division III High School Oratorical Scholarship Contest by winning a gold medal at the district level on Jan. 19.
The next phase of the contest takes place Feb. 9 at American Legion Post 116, 6400 Johnson Pond Rd., in Fuquay-Varina at 10 a.m. If he wins on Saturday in Fuquay-Varina, he would go on to compete in Raleigh for a chance to represent the state in Indianapolis, Ind., for the finals.
Werden, a Chapel Hill High School senior who represents Chapel Hill American Legion Post 6, won a gold medal for his speech about the U.S. Constitution. The silver medal went to Stefanee Powell, a Riverside High School senior who represents Durham's Post 7.
Preschool open house on Sunday
DURHAM – St. Stephen's Episcopal preschool has scheduled an open house for Sunday, Feb. 10, from 3 to 5 p.m. Families can learn about the half-day preschool during the session at 82 Kimberly Dr., off Hope Valley Road. For information, call 919-489-6789.
Hillside High presents 'Martin Said So' for Black History Month
DURHAM – Hillside High School's drama department in February presents "Martin Said So," produced and directed by Wendell Tabb in celebration of Black History Month. The play follows four generations of an American family of African descent through the civil rights movements of the 1950s and '60s.
Special group tickets (10 or more) are $5. Single tickets for students, senior citizens and children are $7. Tickets for adults are $10.
Educational matinees are scheduled for Feb. 7 at 10 a.m. and Feb. 8 and 10 a.m. and noon. Weekend performances are planned for Feb. 8 at 7:15 p.m., Feb. 9 at 3:15 and 7:15 p.m. and Feb. 10 at 3:15 p.m.
For reservations, contact Priscilla Ross at firstname.lastname@example.com, Wendell Tabb at firstname.lastname@example.com or order tickets online at seatyourself.biz/hillside.
Holocaust essay contest entries due in February
DURHAM – The Durham-Chapel Hill Jewish Federation is sponsoring a Holocaust essay contest that's intended to make high school students, regardless of heritage, think about those events and what implications they have for the world today and in their own lives.
The contest is made possible by the Penny Daum Aldrich Endowment Fund for Holocaust Remembrance of the Jewish Community Foundation of Durham-Chapel Hill.
Students can research an individual from the Holocaust, examine a specific location, explore a specific event or compare an event during the Holocaust to a current event.
First and second prizes will be awarded, with $250 and $125 respectively. Essays should be no longer than 1,200 words. Entries must be sent no later than Feb. 15, 2013. Email entries to email@example.com or mail to Holocaust Essay Contest c/o Sam Norton, 1937 W. Cornwallis Road, Durham, NC 27705.
For information, call 919-354-4953 or email email@example.com.
New learning challenge launched for Durham, Chapel Hill and Raleigh
The new Belk Service Learning Challenge, a collaboration of Belk, Discovery Education and the International Society for Technology in Education, encourages middle students to improve communities by taking on service-learning projects.
The challenge is open to all middle school students within 50 miles of Durham, Chapel Hill and Raleigh. Students work in teams of two to four with a teacher/mentor and identify a community issue, research, create an action plan, implement the plan and reflect on their service by submitting an electronic portfolio that tells their story.
Entries are due by March 14, 2013. Grand prize for the top team is a $1,000 scholarship per student team member and a $250 teacher award. Second place gets $500 scholarships and a $100 teacher award.
For information, visit belkservicelearningchallenge.com.
Got news for Class Notes? Send information to K-12 education reporter Wes Platt at email@example.com. Call 919-419-6684. Follow on Twitter at @wplattheraldsun. Connect on Facebook at facebook.com/wesplattheraldsun.


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When I set a goal then I have planned what I must do to reach my goal and I let no one or no temptation get in my way. If I am craving something that is not good for my diet I make up my mind to have a couple of bites or just not have it at all.
I can never remember to take my daily multivitamin, so I added it to my "other goals" page to both remind myself and give myself a spark point for doing it!
Before getting started set yourself goals, short ,medium and long term goals and give yourself dates to achieve these by.
starting is the first step. incorporate simple quick excercises through out the day, such as, a 10 minute walk, go up the stairs, do some weightlifting, pop in a video, dance around the house. simple steps will lead to more. 104


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|Resolution For Architecture - Peconic Bay House in Southampton, NY
|Friday, 26 September 2008 05:23
I was reading recently in an architectural magazine some comments that an architect was uttering about prefabricated construction, putting the whole industry in a single bag and qualifying the results as "ugly". As I find the comment to be out of touch with the reality, I believe that the esthetics of a prefabricated house lies in the skills of its designers and builders.
Overlooking the Great Peconic Bay in the south fork of Long Island, this compact house is sited beyond a wildlife buffer in a wooded enclave, steps from the bay.
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|Last Updated on Wednesday, 25 November 2009 15:53


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St. Mary's In the News
A Rancher's Call
Sometimes, when he's driving through South Texas, Rafael Ricardo "Rick" Ramirez feels his jaw clench and his grip tighten on the steering wheel. It happens when he's spotted a pasture that hasn't been tended to in years, left to bake in the sun. To a lifelong steward of the land like Rick, it's a tragedy.


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Starting at $209.99
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Things I liked:There are a lot of thing to like about this pistol. First it is very realistic and a very close approximation to the actual firearm with some accommodations to being an air gun (e.g. non-authentic safety). The accuracy is pretty amazing. I have 2 other Umarex pellet pistols, the 92FS and CP88, and this one is the most accurate of the 3. This may be attributed to the P30 fitting my hand the best. The Walther fits 2nd best and the Beretta is 3rd. That is also the order of accuracy...at least for me.
Things I would have changed:Not much. I think the ability for the pistol to shoot BB's is completely unnecessary as BB's will wear down the rifling which makes it very accurate as a pellet gun. I would like to see some sort of dots on the sights as they are simply black making them a little difficult to see sometimes. Adjustable grip plates like the real firearm would be really cool, but would certainly increase the cost.
What others should know:Pyramyd Air is great to deal with and their shipping times are fantastic! Be careful...these pistols are not toys.
I just wanted to add one point. This pistol may be more accurate than the CP88 and 92FS counterparts, but it has slightly less power, i.e. velocity. I think this may be due to the accomadation that has been made to make it compatible for use with BB's. Don't get me wrong, it's still a great pellet gun!
Things I liked:This is a good little CO2 pistol for fun shooting. I used this on a challenge on the American Airgunners Tv show [2013 season]
Things I would have changed:I would make the hand grips a little linger for those of us with large hands
What others should know:It is made by Walther & that is a very good name in air gunning.
Things I liked:The Heckler & Koch P30 is another fine replica by Umarex that very closely resembles the actual firearm with the exception being the manual safety. Umarex is to be commended for its attention to detail in the manufacture of this pellet pistol. In addition to looking good, the gun works very well with very good accuracy. As I've done with several other pellet pistols, I shot a variety of brands and types of pellets. After a small adjustment to the rear sight, all of the shots were on target with a spread of 1 inch to 1 1/2 inches shooting single action. The gun also shoots well in double action, but the heavier double action does take some getting used to. With both Crosman and Umarex Walther CO2, I got 88 good power shots plus another 8 slightly weaker shots per CO2 charge.
Things I would have changed:I would put white dots on the front and rear sights. When I was shooting a black Shoot-n-C target, my accuracy suffered because I had trouble focusing on the front sight. After changing the target to an orange shot spot on light colored paper, both my focus and accuracy improved tremendously.
What others should know:My accuracy shooting tests were done in single action mode, in a free-standing position, using a two-handed grip, at a distance to target of about 15 feet in my basement range. The pellets used were Crosman Premier Super Match wadcutter, Crosman Premier Ultra Magnum domed, Crosman Premier Super Point, RWS Meisterkugeln Rifle, RWS Meisterkugeln Pistol, RWS Superdome, RWS Superpoint, JSB Match Diabolo Light Weight, JSB Exact Diabolo domed, H&N Match Pistol, H&N Sport, H&N Spitzkugel, and H&N Field Target Trophy. All of these pellets shot well without any jams. Although Umarex generally says to not use pointed pellets, I've found that the Crosman Premier Super Point, RWS Superpoint, and H&N Spitzkugel pointed pellets fit well in the rotary magazine and shoot well. This gun does shoot stainless steel BBs, but I have not and will not use it to shoot BBs so as not to damage the rifled barrel. Overall the H&K P30 is an excellent gun for target shooting or plinking with pellets, and I highly recommend it.
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Chief Executive Officer
Randal Rucker
Randal Rucker became Chief Executive Officer of Family Service of Greater Boston in 1996. A long-time regional and national social service and public health leader, he chairs the board of directors of the Massachusetts Council of Human Service Providers, co-chairs Boston's Thrive in Five early child development and school readiness initiative, and is a member of the Alliance for Children and Families and United Neighborhood Centers of America boards of directors.
A graduate of Belmont University, Randal holds a master's degree in City Planning from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and attended Georgetown University Law Center. In 2005, he was invited to join the inaugural class of the Barr Foundation Fellows program, established to honor contributions of Boston's most prominent nonprofit leaders.


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Steve Carlsberg
this wiki
Steve Carlsberg[1] is a resident of Night Vale. Cecil Palmer considers Steve to be just about the worst guy there is.
Cecil has to put up with Steve both professionally and personally. Steve is a member of the Night Vale PTA, he takes a lot of interest in politics and current events, he sometimes refers Cecil as either his stepbrother[2] or his brother-in-law,[3] and he is stepfather to Cecil's niece, Janice.[2][4] As of the live show The Investigators, Steve is Cecil's brother-in-law. Steve's one good quality is his devotion to Janice, and that's why sometimes, just sometimes, Cecil can find it in his heart to tolerate him.[2]
List of offensesEdit
In reality, the offenses of Steve Carlsberg are probably too numerous to compile into a list. However, there follow a few of his gravest indecencies:
- He never changes the hubcaps on his tan Toyota Corolla. It's laziness, pure and simple.[5]
- He brings unacceptably dry scones to PTA meetings, and, as the PTA meeting secretary, his notes are grammatically disastrous.[6]
- He gambles on sports, is inattentive to the extracurricular activities of his stepdaughter, and has idiotic taste in shoes.[4]
- He does terrible, annoying impressions.[2]
- His impression of Carlos sounds like a Munchkin from The Wizard of Oz.[2]
- He once accused Carlos of being a secret operative. (Not that that wouldn't be awesome.)[2]
- He thinks the light of the Smiling God is "very pretty" and admits to being impressed by how much he got done at the StrexCorp Company Picnic.[2]
- He simply cannot bowl, and cost the local bowling team a competition against the Desert Bluffs team.
- He put up t-shirts of Carlos and Cecil looking up at the lights in front of the Arby's onto windows.
- He thinks Kevin is a nice fellow.
- He keeps barging into Cecil's radio studio to give him useless information that no one cares about.
- Steve Carlsberg. Ugh.
Political opinionsEdit
Steve sometimes shares his political opinions with Night Vale Community Radio, corresponding anonymously,[5] emailing,[7] and even stopping by the station to talk to Cecil.[2] While his opinions may appear to be reasonable, and perhaps may even appear to be the only sane opinions held by any living person in Night Vale, Steve Carlsberg is, in truth, a huge jerk with absolutely no sense of civic pride or duty.[5] The weirdos in Desert Bluffs seem to respect him, and you know what, maybe that is where a jerk like Steve Carlsberg belongs.[7]
Steve Carlsberg is a frequent critic of Night Vale's City Council and an unapologetic spoilsport. He was the only resident of Night Vale opposed to the construction of the Drawbridge, arguing that, "We don't even have a river or bay in Night Vale. There would never be a boat to necessitate a drawbridge!"[5] Way to be a killjoy, Steve. What an absolute jerk!
During the sandstorm that ushered an army of malevolent doppelgangers into the towns of Night Vale and Desert Bluffs in 2013, Steve Carlsberg blamed the government, writing, "The sandstorm is clearly a coverup. I believe this was a government-created project. Our government has long been participating in cloud-seeding experiments, and trying to suppress the people with pharmaceuticals."[8] Cecil justly put Steve in his place, explaining that, without the government, "We would never have schools or roads or municipal utilities or helpful pandemics or black vans that roam our neighborhoods at night, keeping us safe." I mean, honestly, where does Steve come up with this stuff? It's like he hasn't even read the Constitution. Of course, when those weirdos from Desert Bluffs received the same email, their radio announcer, Kevin, claimed that he had "hit the nail on the head", and even called Steve a "great guy."[7] You can keep him, Desert Bluffs.
The source of these opinions is apparently that Steve can see "glowing arrows in the sky, dotted lines and circles" that explain to him how everything is connected. His conflicts with Cecil in fact started when, after an initially friendly chat over some of Steve's scones (which Cecil at first seemed to indicated were in fact great) that Steve kept trying to explain about the agents of a Vague, Yet Menacing, Government Agency at the wedding, which thanks to the signs, Steve apparently is fully aware of what the agency is and their command structure.. Cecil got incredibly enraged about his constant mention of forbidden knowledge, and Steve's desire to share that message, above all else, with Janice.[3]
Steve Carlsberg's antagonism towards the City Council and general rabble-rousing has made him a person of interest to the Sheriff's Secret Police. On August 29, 2012, Steve was whisked into a windowless van. He wasn't seen again until the morning of September 1, 2012, when he was observed wearing thick head bandages and eating Styrofoam shaped like an ice cream cone.[5]
Later, as war with the underground city loomed, the authorities suspected that the inhabitants of the underground city had an informant among the citizens of Night Vale. Cecil immediately suspected Steve Carlsberg, infamous for his lack of civic pride, and suggested on the air that a group of citizen vigilantes should go have a "chat" with Steve to find out just what he had been saying, and to whom.[9]
- Janice (stepdaughter): Steve adores his little girl and takes an active interest in her education.[2]
- Cecil (probably brother-in-law): Steve is friendly and affectionate toward Cecil. The sentiment is not mutual.[2] Steve refers to Cecil variously as his brother-in-law, his stepbrother,[2] his brother-outside-of-the-law, his half-brother, and his double-brother, but he admits to getting those terms mixed up. He claims to have met Cecil on the day of his wedding to Cecil's sister. Steve and Cecil share a love of seeing clowns cry. [3] During the Thrilling Adventure Hour cross-over, Steve revealed that he considers Cecil to be his best friend.
- Probably a Scorpio; Cecil changes a horoscope to insults, similar to insults Steve would receive from him.[10] 'The Librarian' tour further indicates this, as the horoscope for Scorpio curses Steve outright. However a previous horoscope read by Cecil cursed Scorpio's family and specifically their children,[5] something Cecil might not wish upon Janice, though perhaps, as his step-daughter, Cecil considers her exempt.
- His middle name has been revealed to be "Eugene" as of the October 1st release of The Thrilling Adventure Hour-Welcome to Nightvale Crossover Show
Behind the scenesEdit
Steve Carlsberg is voiced by Hal Lublin, a voice actor, comedian, and writer, best known for his work on The Thrilling Adventure Hour. He first voiced Steve in the live stage shows, the first being The Debate, which was released on April 30, 2014, but has since appeared in podcast episodes such as Old Oak Doors (a recording of a live show) and The September Monologues.
- ↑ Spelling of Carlsberg found here and here.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 49B - Old Oak Doors Part B at [1]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 53 - The September Monologues at [2]
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 44 - Cookies at [3]
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 6 - The Drawbridge at [4]
- ↑ 8 - The Lights in Radon Canyon at [5]
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 19B - The Sandstorm (Part B) at [6]
- ↑ 19A - The Sandstorm (Part A) at [7]
- ↑ 14 - The Man in the Tan Jacket at [8]
- ↑ 51 - Rumbling at [9]


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Fees will apply to claims issued to the Employment Tribunal, and appeals logged with the Employment Appeals Tribunal, after 29th July. If you issued an appeal after this date, regardless of when you logged your original tribunal claim, the fees will apply.
A claim for a tribunal hearing will be turned down if a fee is not included with your initial ET1 form.
Employment Tribunal Fees are divided into two levels, and greater detail on these can be found on the Employment Tribunals website. Any claim for discrimination, harassment, unfair dismissal or victimisation will be covered under Type B. As these cases are often more complicated the fees for them are higher.
The initial fee, payable at submission of a claim, for Type B issues is £250. A further £950 is payable should the claim reach hearing stage.
Employment Appeals Tribunals fees, for all claims, are £400 at submission and a further £1,200 at hearing stage.
It is possible to apply for a reduction or an exemption in fees if your household income is below a certain level or if, at the time you issue the claim or appeal you are receiving certain benefits.


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Can a hotel charge me for smoking in a non smoking environment?
I recently stayed at a non smoking hotel. I disabled the smoke detector, I guess they sensed that. When I went to check out they have charged me a $250 fee for smoking. The hotel does have no smoking ...
Who has seen SICKO & what are your viewpoints on it?
i happened to find it completely & utterly shocking! it was a great movie but i find it disturbing that we do not have universal health care! I think the other countries featured in movie that ...
Why are there so many idiots in this country?
This is the country that voted for Bush...TWICE!!! and people continue to defend his domestic and foreign "policies". Why? He has allowed billions (some estimate 500 billion) to be ...
Would this be illegal?
Suppose a man breaks into my house, he steps on an electrified cable, and dies. Would that make me a criminal? And what if I had intentionally left the cable there, so any burglars stepped on it, and ...
How many ppl think the USA is harder on corporate crimes than sex crimes?
corporate criminals get sentenced for more years than sex crimiinals. sex offenders need only register. that is absolutely absurd!
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Is this child abuse? Should I report it? To whom?
I often hear my downstairs neighbor yelling obscenities at her children. One can't be more than 3 years old and the other is on life support. I have no idea if she is physically hurting her ...
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ok so, I was living with my dads girlfriend in california. I was 18 and my dads girlfriend suspected me of being pregnant...of course I was not. I told them that I was not sexually active and they ...
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I've been reading about how easy it would be for somebody to steal my data from a biometric ID card or biometric passport and frame me for a crime.
I've also been reading that Tony B...
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Palin is very much anti-abortion. Does that mean it will be outlawed.
What effect will this have?...
Many believe that once saved that you cannot lose that status , your saved no matter what you do?
Is this implied in the Bible or just a few scriptures taken out of context. for instance
(James 2:14-17) 14 Of what benefit is it, my brothers, if a certain one says he has faith but he ...
What happens if a women is being raped and she is trying to get away from teh guy but kills him instead does?
she go to jail or gets the death penalty and yes she was actually raped not attemped rape. Or lets say if it was just attemped rape and she was so scared that she manages to kill him what would she ...
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My local pub, God bless it, has stood by the no smoking ban. All the smokers go outside to take on board their nicotine!. All the non smokers come outside to continue thier conversations. Net result, ...
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In 1952 my father abandoned my mother and me. In 1953 my mother and I began living with another man. My half-sister was born to them in 1954. Her father abandoned us in 1963. In 1966 my mother ...
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I work for a large company. My boss is a female, and she is openly gay in the work place. I detailed information about my case in an EEOC Charge of Discrimination. The Investigator dismissed my case ...
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Is it Osama Bin Laden or the Bush, Rumsfeld, Cheney alliance
or an ickle wickle bickle blue bear wot luvs ...
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is the Death penalty right or wrong???...
In the UK is it illegal to plan a crime but never carry it out?
Is it right that a soldier can be convicted as a war criminal simply by following the orders of his superiors?
Anyone a lawyer? If someone calls you a chink, or a ****** in public? Can you sue them?
I'm just trying to figure out why incident like Don Imus can get him fired, and while Tim Hardaway publicly denouncing gays is ok? I know its illegal to discriminate in terms of job interviews and such , but when can/cant you say it? Serious legal answers only.
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no... freedom of speech... That would be unconstitutional. No matter what you are allowed to say whatever you want to... Now, as far as a job goes... At least in Georgia it's hire at will, fire at will so you can get fired for no reason what's so ever... You are allowed to an opinion... Now, if your opinion hurts someone physically than it's illegal but as far as what you say remember "sticks and stones may break my bones but words could never hurt me"... Of course you can sue them but the courts wouldn't give you anything and you would have to pay your court fees, which is 45.00
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tape it and you can prove it.......
so , this is the first time human have conflict and the last time
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Salami and Orange Juice
The first ammendment gives you freedom of speech.
That does not allow you to act irresponsibly so that your speech might cause injury, riot, etc. (as in the ol' fire in a crowded movie house example)
Now there are actual laws against "hate speech" in different states. Whether these are constitutional are doubtful....
BUT, You can sue me for anything, including singing Yankee Doodle in public (an obscene act if you ever heard me sing)
AND a jury could find in your favor
AND the supreme court could find the ruling as constitutional even though it is a clear violation of my free speech rights.
Bottom line.
The constitution gives us rights, but it is up to a group of (increasingly confused) people to uphold them. And sometimes they don't.
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Racial epithets are slander, but more seriously are now designated "hate crimes" due to their inflammatory nature. Serious time.
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The Reverend Soleil
The short answer is: you can sue ANYone, for ANYthing, at ANY time.
As to whether you'll actually WIN your case -- that's something else.
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Al D
You can sue anybody you want as long as you get a jury to believe you.
It's called preponderance of evidence
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a rare oddity
You have the right to free speech, but if you go to your job and call someone a nappy headed ho then the employer reserves the right to fire you if they have a policy against vulgar language.
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No, I'm not a lawyer, but I seriously doubt that you'll be able successfully to sue someone for name calling in public. I believe you have to be able to prove in a civil case how it damaged you and find a dollar amount. Simple name calling, as hurtful as it might be, likely wouldn't be enough to win a law suit.
If that were the case, there would be a lot more law suits out there because there are a lot of ignorant people throwing names around to make themselves feel better about their lives.
Don Imus can get fired because he was employed and broke company policies and standards. People can denounce gays due to freedom of speech, regardless of how ignorant the speech may be. Freedom of speech doesn't apply to Imus being able to keep his job because he was being paid by a corporation who have their own sets of rules and standards that he has to obey. He didn't, so he lost his job.
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Although you might not like what they say they have every right in this country to say it.
The First Amendment applies to douche bags too.
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depends on who u are and where and what u say.
and yes you can sue anyone for anything don't mean you will win tho. and just might end up paying if they find it was frivolous
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Read the constitution...
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Princess of the Realm
The 1st amendment allows us freedom of speech, whether or not you like that speech does not matter.
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I think a 1st amendment lawyer would say that every example you wrote can be said without the state's interference. Imus being fired is not a 1st amendment issue since the state had nothing to do with the firing.
The law originally assumed that you did not own your reputation, the public did. Anyone can say anything about you publicly and recourse is improbable.
With hate-crime legislation, that is no longer true. But again, a first amendment lawyer would say that hate-crime legislation is extra-constitutional at best and before long, the Supreme Court will probably defeat it.
I'd rather live in a world where one is occasionally subject to being called a name as opposed to the alternative (which is where we are hea constitutional ded if we are not careful.)
Read Ayn rand. you need not have a law degree to cull through her ultra rational musings on just this sort of topic.
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You can literally sue for anything. The question is will you win.
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wasting your money
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Blake S
heres the thing
you can sue anyone for anything
its just winning the case thats the problem
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Imus wasn't fired because he broke any law. He was fired because his bosses thought they were going to lose listeners and MONEY if they didn't. If you want to sue someone for calling you what you consider an offensive name, you can probably find a lawyer to do it. There is no hard and fast rule about it. But eventually, you would have to prove that it really harmed you in some way (not just hurt your feelings) that can be reduced to a dollar amount.
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Don Imus was fired by a COMPANY, not the state. That is - he
didn't break any laws, or at least he wasn't accused of breaking any
Think of it this way: If somebody says something you don't like,
you don't have to invite them back for dinner.
Similarly, if Imus' studio doesn't like what Imus says, they don't have
to invite him back to talk. Actually, they might have to if they
have a contract with him (which they did) ... except that contract
had an out which basically came to some sort of decency clause,
which the company exercized.
Now, Tim Hardaway could get fired or shunned or lord only knows
what, but the STATE cannot take any action against him unless he
violates a specific law (which insulting homosexuals does not do).
Where it gets dicey is when an insult takes on a threatening tone.
Threatening somebody with physical violence IS illegal.
Publishing statements that are not true about somebody which
causes them measurable damage is still not illegal. It is, however,
cause for a law suit.
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Ethics and Answers: Leave pirating to the high seas, not your cable box
Editor's Note: The Daily News welcomes columnist Colleen Kelly writing Conscience 101, a new biweekly column focusing on everyday issues in individual morals and legal responsibilities.
Often there are no ethical absolutes. Ethical people can, and do, disagree. We invite your thoughts and to offer any ethical questions for upcoming columns. Email questions to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Q: We are cable television subscribers who recently had a problem with our converter box. We endured call after call trying to get it fixed so we could get any television. The last person we talked to did some switching to try to help us and, voilà, we've got a premium package, even though we're paying the basic rate. Do we need to notify the company? Or can we enjoy it until they discover the mistake?
A: It's doubtful if any company is less deserving of a break than a cable company. A recent, nationwide survey found that pay television companies account for six of the seven worst-rated companies in the United States. Sitting on the phone with them for hours, you probably calculated how much of your time they wasted. If you were to charge them minimum wage for your time, then surely you are entitled to enjoy the more expensive cable package for a while. At least this way you'd "break even" for the lost time.
Sound right? It depends on how you define "right." You are justified in wanting to be compensated for not having any television for a while. You are justified in not wanting to help the company after the way they treated you. The problem is, having a great justification for something doesn't make it ethical.
The concept of ethics has been defined in many ways, but it is generally considered to be the principles that guide societies toward "right" behavior and away from "wrong." While there is overlap among law, morals, religion and ethics, ethics focuses on the societal good.
Justification, on the other hand, is defined as explaining or defending an event or a situation. Essentially, a justification is walking backward into a behavior. You don't have a justification without a prior action to precipitate the situation.
Ethics are historically dynamic: They evolve. Ethics typically aren't situationally dynamic; what is ethical should remain so despite outside factors. Just because a behavior can be justified does not transform it from an unethical behavior into an ethical one.
For a behavior to be ethical, it should be ethical regardless of outside factors. Complications can follow when two ethical positions collide, for example, balancing the ethics of stealing food versus the ethics of letting a nearby child die of starvation.
However, that is not the situation here. Removing the offensiveness of the company's behavior from the analysis, the question then becomes; "Is it ethical for me to have services for which I am not paying?"
Under that version of the question, the situation doesn't look much different from the person who splices a neighbor's wires, or hacks into a satellite, to receive more television channels. Obtaining television illegally is often referred to as "pirating television." Given the reputation of pirates, it would be difficult to convince yourself that anything involving the word "pirate" is going to be ethical.
If ethics aren't enough to motivate you to pick up the phone to the cable company, perhaps the law is. Stealing cable is a crime. Sure, you could hire a lawyer charging hourly rates in the triple digits to debate whether your failure to notify the company of their error is within the definition of stealing, but at that rate your free cable could become very, very expensive.
Short of a lawsuit, you also risk receiving a very large bill for months of the premium package when the cable company figures out its error. Guess how many hours you will waste on the phone resolving that issue?
Make it easy on yourself. Don't do it. Your mom was correct; two wrongs don't make a right.
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