text:
Robert Welsh Jordan
<The essay which follows was first presented at the concluding International Research Seminar in Phenomenology, Professor J. Huertas-Jourda, Chairman, as part of the Collegium Phaenomenologicum of Monteripido, Italy on
What I shall present here is a very general concept of world-consciousness. This will be introduced by reviewing some very basic Husserlian conceptions. Such a review seems important since its conclusions concerning world consciousness will disagree with those drawn by very able phenomenal. Either I am wrong or they are wrong, and one reason for my being here is to test my views concerning who is which.
Once the basis has been laid, specific issues will be raised concerning who all or what all the transcendental ego is, what the stream of consciousness is in relation to the transcendental ego, and what the world and consciousness of being in the world is like. In particular, any actual simple (protodoxic) certainty will be denied to the consciousness of things within the world, to that of being in the world and even to the consciousness of the world itself. Any protodoxic or simply certain consciousness arises originally in the consciousness of aspects of being in the world itself, i.e. in internal perceptions, such as the consciousness of seeing, hearing, liking, wanting, etc.[1] Through these ways of being conscious, the protending of potential adequate givenness – with its protended correlative doxic certainty – for intended <189> objects not yet adequately given is made possible. Moreover, the denial of simple certainty with regard to the world or to the ego's being in the world does not at all entail a denial of rationality, e.g. a denial either of the principles of contradiction or of excluded middle. What it does entail is a rejection of what has been called the principle of bivalence.
The difficulty which many — and, at least for two decades after Husserl's death, most — readers have experienced in taking the so-called transcendental ego seriously as being in the world stems largely from Husserl's characterization of the transcendental ego as the all-inclusive unity, a unity containing the universe of actual and possible worlds and even that of all objects. The trouble with this characterization is that the reader tends to understand the includedness of these universes within the ego as genuine inherence and so tends to take the ego's or transcendental consciousness' being the "substrate" for all mundane beings and for all objects as if this were a whole-part relation. Such an interpretation misconceives the relation of world to consciousness and to the ego – as if it could be meaningful to ask, "Where does the world exist?" or, "Of what is the world a part?" and then to give as answer, "In the ego," or "As a part of the ego." This indicates that intentionality has been misunderstood and threatens a miscomprehension of Husserl's entire phenomenology.
Moreover, the interpreter will, having so far misunderstood things, now face the question, "What sort of entity is this ego?" If it is something individual then the whole world along with all other alleged egos exists in this one as a part of him: solipsism. The other horn of the dilemma proceeding from the misinterpretation is to declare the transcendental ego to be ideal, universal and non-individual so that the self-same world can be part of each of a plurality of transcendental minds. The first horn of the dilemma requires that the transcendental ego who is there conceived to be individual nevertheless be denied actuality <191> since he must include worlds that are merely possible. The other horn asserts that, however actual and individual the mundane or psychological ego maybe, the transcendental ego is either something universal or a field of universals.
Now this interpretation and the dilemma it involves is a phantom proceeding from a mind oppressed by centuries of philosophical tradition into embracing Bunthorne's dictum: "The matter doesn't matter/ if it's only idle chatter/ of a transcendental kind.[2] it assumes without the least justification and in fact contrary to virtually all the evidence–that the inclusion of the intentional object in the consciousness of it is intentional only so long as consciousness is taken to be psychological or mundane but is genuine immanence when consciousness is uncovered in its transcendental status. Such a conceit so far as the subject matter is concerned is and always was nonsensical or, more accurately, countersensical, material absurdity. Yet it is nonsense whose historical origin from Husserl's writings is very understandable indeed; it was in fact almost inevitable. How, after all, in terms of the German tradition, was a philosophy to be understood that revived the concept of universal essences and called itself transcendental? How, if not as a philosophy for which the individuality of consciousness and of its actual and real objects is aufgehoben, when properly or transcendentally understood, into a field of interrelated ideal universals and forms?
The following passage did not, after all become accessible until the publication in 1954 of Husserliana VI:
The much lamented specialization (in the sciences) is not in itself a lack, since it is a necessity within universal philosophy, just as the development of an art like method is necessary in every discipline. What certainly is portentous, however, is the separation of the art of theory from philosophy. However, though <192> the specialized scholars dropped out, there remained among them and alongside them philosophers who continued to treat the positive sciences as branches of philosophy; thus the statement is still valid that objectivistic philosophy did not die out after Hume and Kant. Alongside this runs the line of development of transcendental philosophies, and not only those derived from Kant. For there must be added to this a series of transcendental philosophers who owe their motivation to a continuation, or in the case of
Similar passages in preceding portions of the Crisis volume had been published only in 1936. Moreover, except for a fairly clear statement in the brief "Introduction" to his Ideas, Husserl did not make clear to his readers that a sharp distinction is to be drawn between phenomenological reduction, whether psychological or transcendental, and eidetic reduction. But if that distinction is not sharply drawn then eidetic reduction, instead of being understood as an abstractive further reduction of the phenomenologically reduced subject matter will be misunderstood as coinciding with phenomenological reduction so that transcendentally reduced consciousness will inevitably be taken as a field of formal and material "essences." <193> All of this makes the misinterpretation in question very understandable. Luckily for the things themselves and for Husserl's actual view of them it is not thereby made true. Nonetheless the misinterpretation in question has its own school, including, for example, David Carr who writes in a footnote to his translation of The Crisis,"But world-consciousness, as the general structure or form of experience, is precisely what cannot be transformed."[4]
Carr's statement is offered as the basis for his alteration of a passage in the Crisis text which Biemel had reconstructed. Biemel's reconstruction of the manuscript read, "Of course I am free to [transform] world consciousness fictively."[5] While Carr insists, for the reason cited, that the phrase "the factual details" be substituted for "world- consciousness."[6] The plausibility of Biemel's reconstruction can now be easily established by consulting the recently published Husserliana XV. There Husserl states quite clearly that the world is variable fictive and that any fantasied variation of detail in the world would indeed be a variation of the world. Its factual details are constituents of the world so that a fictive variation of them is a fictive variation of the world. How anyone should ever have come to think differently would be difficult to understand were it not for schools of thought like the one into which Professor Carr was just inducted. Carr's statement clearly identifies what it calls world-consciousness with the general structure or form of experience and it can be true only if there is some consciousness which is general and there is some general form or general structure which can be consciousness. <194> Neither condition can be met. The mode of being of general forms is ideal and that is not the mode of being of any part, whether abstract of concrete, of consciousness: "Every genuine constituent of the cognitive phenomenon, this phenomenological particular, is also particular; and so the universal, which certainly is no particular, can not be really contained in the consciousness of the universal."[7]
The relation of the exemplifying individual to an essence of which it is in instance is not to be confused with a whole-part relation. "No lengthy disquisition," writes Husserl, "is needed to indicate that the subject's of an individual–under an essence (a process which has a different character according as we are dealing with an infima species or with a genus) is not to be confused with the subordination of an essence under its higher species or under a genus."[8] Neither consciousness itself nor any of its parts is in ideal essence; it is through and through individual.
In this respect what is true of consciousness is true of the ego as well. Forms that are ideal essences are eidetic singularities without Ingarden's content. The ego—whether considered as formal polar unity of those subjective processes which have been, which are, or which may be self-given or as the substrate of habits—is individual through and through. The unity is that of just these individual processes and cannot be that of any others; the substrate is the individual form of just these habits and cannot be that of any others. So far as the world is concerned, it, too, as a polar unity or system of poles, is not any ideal essence whether formal or material, and this will be true whatever other characteristics may be truly predicated of it. Husserl conceives its unity to be analogous to the polar unity <195> of other objects. Just as a fictive variation of an ego, a fantasied ego, cannot be numerically identical with the reflectively perceived ego, so a world that is "varied" fictive, a fantasied world cannot be identified with the world actually apperceived. Thus, each fictive variation of the world is a world numerically different from the actual world and from every other fantasied world.[9] Since Husserl distinguished sharply between fictive variations and real changes, that every fictive variation of the world is a different world does not mean eo ipso that every new event in an apperceived world results in a numerically different world. Every new event in the apperceived world does in a certain sense result in a new world; every such change occurs in a newly achieved world. But the ground for this must be sought in the manner of being peculiar to apperceived unities of presented and non-presented characteristics. What would remain "unbreakable" despite world variations are the ideal essences embodied in each variation, the formal and material essences of which each variation is an instance. But these are precisely not as the world or any world is or can be. Once it is realized that the world is to be thought of neither as something general nor as a species nor as a form, we can begin to conceive a world which would include as genuine constituents those ideal essences which are exemplified in its individual members without being parts of them; and we can do so without implying that the world is a part of its own extension. This is so despite the fact that what is called "world" would then include the formal universals instantiated in any world as world; for no concrete world can be identified with any ideal and formal essence. If it is possible to extend the concept of world in this way then a meaning of world would have been uncovered which is not very remote from the "wording" in which Heidegger's <196> four world regions — earth, mortals, heavens, gods — are given in harmonious synthesis. These might correspond respectively and at least roughly to:
1. The solipsistic world as the primordial ground for the constitution of
2. The world as a world intended by a plurality of subjects, including other persons;
3. The region of ideal ontological essences;
4. The region of ideal axiological essences.
Be that as it may, such a conception of world would make possible the conception of a unity which could no longer be called a world at all, viz., the openly infinite manifold of essentially possible worlds. If, as Husserl maintains, this universe of possible worlds is included intentionally in the transcendental ego then it, too, must be a unity synthetically generated by the transcendental functioning of the "ego". One more and ultimately inclusive unity should be mentioned since I shall eventually be saying something about Husserl's conception of non-being, and non-being would be included in the unity of all objects.
If we now concentrate upon an individual monad, a single mental life and ego, belonging to the constituted multiplicity of subjects, there is one and only one ego who lives in this life and constitutes it, and that ego is transcendental. With respect to that life he functions in various ways: as the synthesizing function by which the stream of his life is constituted, as the unity of the constituted stream, and as the substrate of habits.
In his peculiarly transcendental function, he is the "all embracing synthesis of internal time,"[10] occurring in the living or flowing present. Within <197> this flowing present all of his past temporal appearances are intentionally included by virtue of retentional consciousness. The ego in his transcendental status, viz., the synthesis of internal time, generates the unity of the stream in the flowing present, as it has done in each retended now phase and as it will in any future phase of the stream. The protending of future phases in the flowing now is itself an achievement of associative synthesis among the "contents" of the now phase and the "contents" of retended phases. That associative synthesis is involved in the basic identifying synthesis. The transcendental ego thus temporalizes himself, making himself exist as the unity of the stream of consciousness. Moreover, he cannot do otherwise so long as what is given in the flowing present makes the synthesis in question possible. The same synthesis by which the stream of consciousness is generated generates the consciousness of the actual and of possible worlds. In achieving the actual world, the ego constitutes his stream of consciousness as a part of that world. The field for the ego's spontaneous and voluntary activities is the now actual world and those possible worlds which he is able to project in such a way that when actualized each such world would be intended as a more or less "harmonious" extension of the present world. This spontaneous consciousness whether doxic, affective, or conative can occur only through the mediation of conscious processes belonging to his stream. Spontaneous consciousness of objects in the world occurs through his engaging in processes occurring in the stream. All actional consciousness is a modalization of "passive" consciousness. In each such spontaneous act the ego is busied with, is interested in something having to do either noematic or poetically with the mental processes in which he is said to engage, and it is through such engagement that he becomes what Husserl calls the substrate of habits.
The ego is able to exist at all only by a peculiar sort of achievement whereby he temporalizes himself continuously as the unity <198> of what is and what has been given in each flowing present. Through his synthetic functioning, the ego can be said to achieve his own existence as the unity of the stream. Herein lies the chief danger in referring to this transcendental functioning as "the ego," for the unification cannot be achieved as a spontaneous act, and such a spontaneous self-production," a production through spontaneous volitions is strongly suggested by Husserl's use of the word "ego." Only an ego in the narrower and more usual sense of the word, viz., an ego who engages Spontaneously in conscious processes and who has therefore "taken possession" of them and has developed habitual ways of executing its spontaneous acts, can be said to have chosen to be in the world. For the ego, even in the broad sense of the term, to exist as a stream of consciousness is to exist as consciousness of an actual world.
Each of the continuously successive modes of temporal appearance of internal time is a world appearance. Each world appearance is, in the terms of the Lectures on Internal Time-Consciousness, an all at once of all at onces:[11]
the all at once of the several sensuous fields
that of kinaesthetic sensations that of touching
that of smelling that of tasting that of seeing
that of hearing, etc.
the all at once of apperceiving with the beliefs it involves, including
the empathic ones,
the all at once of affective consciousness
that of conative consciousness
that of thematization that of retending
that of protending.
All of these with their noematic correlates are fused into a single all at once of the stream of consciousness which is integrated and fused with the retained all at onces, generating the stream as it has been and is intended, , , viz.,.,., as part of the single world that has been and is. That world is the noematic correlate of the synthesis by which it is achieved, a system of individual polar unities.[12]
There is always a consciousness of the world as that in which I myself am. But the world is not there as a thing, does not affect me as things do, is not an object dealt with in a sense similar to that of my dealings with things. I am conscious of the world as world even though the world cannot become objective in the way an Object can, otherwise I could not survey the world reflectively, could not lift myself above simple straightforwardly directed life which always deals with things. Each thing we deal with in any way whatsoever, including ourselves when we reflect on ourselves, gives itself, whether we notice it or not, as a thing in the world, as a thing in the relevant perceptual field, the latter being merely a perceptual sector of the world.[13]
Now the world as the ego is aware of it in this roughly characterized way is and can only be a unity of objects which are themselves given or presented with objects which are not themselves given or presented. Indeed each real thing is such a unity. That this is so means that as being in the world, the being of the transcendental ego is permanently in question; and, more than that, his being is radically contingent. Truth, as Husserl wrote in the VI. Logical Investigation, or what is true <200> is the objective correlate of evidence in the strict sense of the word, viz., self-givenness of what is believed in, including self-givenness of all its components. Even the world as it is now posited, as being and having been, is not true in the strict sense, to say nothing of the being of possible future worlds. There is no possibility whatsoever of overcoming the being in question either of the transcendental ego as being in the world or of the world itself; their apparent contingency is endemic to their manner of being and is not merely apparent, not something which might legitimately be considered simply a function of our ignorance perhaps removable by the discovery of some esoteric wisdom never known before or simply by the accumulation of further experience, perhaps by more systematic attempts or by the concurrence of some plurality of methods whose results will eventually show us that "In the real world, and in natural experience one depends upon a preexisting reality."[14] Granted that the "absolute" or transcendental ego can exist only as being in the world and that he constitutes the world as does any transcendental ego and that there can be no other world than the world which is itself given and that the world is not in any sense a component of the transcendental ego and granted that no self-givenness of the world could occur if what is presented to the ego's impressional consciousness did not occur in such a way that his impressional consciousness can be integrated with retended before all at onces so as to make possible the anticipation of possible future worlds — granted all this his potentiality to be in this self-given world could terminate at any time without that world's ever having been at all. <201> And the awareness of this possibility is involved in the awareness of death as one of death's possible meanings; it has nothing whatever to do with imagining death as a factual possibility, being the awareness not of a possible event in the world but rather that of an idea far worse than the worst thing he can imagine.
If the being of any object is the correlate of an ideal evidence in which not only the believed in but all its parts are themselves given then the world is the correlate of the ideal evidence in which not only the world but all its parts would be themselves given. And now entertain with Husserl and Heidegger the following consideration.
In one-sided fashion we have hitherto favored the case of self-evidence, the act described as one of total coincidence. But, turning to the correlated case of conflict, we encounter absurdity, the experience of the total conflict between intention and quasi-fulfillment. To the concepts of truth and being the correlated concepts of falsehood and non-being then correspond. The phenomenological clarification of these concepts can be carried out without particular difficulty, once all foundations have been prepared. The negative ideal of an ultimate frustration would first have to be exactly circumscribed.[15]
Just as the being or the adequate givenness characterizing some objects of consciousness is, when transferred to other objects, canceled as an actuality yet not canceled as a possibility so, in any conscious life in which what is itself given conflicts with the consciousness of absolute unity and so requires differentiation and the consciousness of the previously meant unity as not being, the consciousness of the object as non-being is carried over to all other objects. These other objects if they are self-given cancel <202> the sense non-being. Yet in the case of the non-given objects the sense, "in conflict Or to be in conflict (non-being or future non-being) with what is self-given" is indeed not confirmed as actually given. But is there anything to prevent the possibility of its not being or not becoming actual from haunting each non-given part, of the actual world and the whole of each future would as well? It turns out that the only antidote to an object's being infected with the possibility of non-being is its self-givenness:
Does evidence, the adaequatio viewed immediately afford eo ipso truth in the full sense? Truth is after all definitive validity. But having the object itself, i.e., experience, can conflict with further experience, modalization can set in…It has already become doubtful whether there is a definitively valid truth behind every judgment…Must there be for every question an answer to be found? Its definitive answer, and one that is there before it is found?…Every judgment, so we think, has as its norm as intrinsically valid truth whether we already are aware of it and will attain it or not…But are there not many profound difficulties concealed in such an intrinsic truth…Must, for example, every judgment about the future have a definitive truth or falsity? Must its truth or falsity be decided in advance…What can be asserted by the alleged axiom that every such belief is verifiable either positively or negatively? Surely not just that the bare possibility of the one or the other belongs to the essence of any such believing and that when the one is assumed to be actualized the other possibility would thereby be canceled…that every belief be verifiable in the sense that it is in the usual meaning of the terms either valid or invalid, as is claimed in the traditional principle of excluded middle…that surely entails: Whether verification can or cannot be carried out…it is already decided eo ipso, advance and so for all future consciousness, be it actual or possible, whether the judgment is to be verified [bewährbar ist] or whether it is not to be verified [entwährbar ist]…Consider now the sphere of our external experience…Here the question arises: Is it an essential law which can be extracted from the essence of the intentionality of experience that every belief has its possibilities of verification or falsification decided in advance?…Certainly whenever a fulfillment occurs the belief's validity is decided…To clarify the essence of truth or of validity is to clarify this "intrinsicality", and with respect to it there are perhaps basic and essential differences; it is indeed of a sort that is basically and essentially different for mathematical and other essential truths from what it is in the case of truths such as those of experience.[16]
Actually being in the world and the actual world itself are indeed achievements of the transcendental ego, but they are precarious achievements. Moreover, the ego as actual being in the world does protend possible worlds. Some such protended worlds are such that components of them will be themselves given in and through processes then occurring in his stream of consciousness. On the condition that he intend himself as part of a community of subjects and so protend a life world which is Objective, he will also be capable of projecting possible worlds no part of which would be itself given in a stream of consciousness which is his. Now, if there is anything at all to what Being and Time has to say about these matters, such possibilities are if not dreaded then feared; the ego is inclined to flee from them into exclusive preoccupation with his praxis within the world. The praxis towards which typically he flees, his typical style of volitional thematization will be one in which he cares about the protended worlds primarily as worlds in which he would continue to exist. If worlds in which he would not exist are in some way dreadful, more dreadful still is the prospect of no world at all, the possibility of there being nothing, no thing at all rather, than any world at all.
<204> Heidegger is and was often admonished for having written nothing of ethical relevance. Rumor has it that his response on such occasions was ironic laughter, and one of the tragedies in the history of phenomenology and in particular for the history of Heidegger's influence [die Wirkungsgeschichte Heidegger's] was the death of Scheler immediately following the appearance of Being and Time. Who but Scheler would have understood the implications, so far as Angst is concerned, of the propositions: the non-existence of a good is itself an evil, and evils as such can be given only to an affectively negative consciousness of them, i.e. only through some modality of disapproval. Some such negative here called "dread" is the only genuine or originary or veridical consciousness emotional consciousness through which the potentiality of his no longer being in the world can adequately self-given to the transcendental ego. That whose non-being is an evil is something worth caring for, is itself something good. There could be no adequate self-givenness that being in the world as worth caring about which would not be dread of not being in the world. Yet if the possibility that no world at all be given, the possibility that no object at all be apperceived as being, the possibility that being no longer present itself to any cogitatio at all (die Möglichkeit daβ das Sein sich überhaupt dem Denken nicht mehr zuschickt)—if this possibility is more dreadful still than that of the transcendental ego's no longer being in the world then the world is more to be cared for than is his being in the world. But what can this possibly mean, in more familiar terms? If the so-called absolute ego, the transcendental ego is a being in the world then, whatever else it means, there is indicated the possibility of a harmonious synthesis between the requirements of the world and the requirements of being in the world. The potentialities of the ego as being in the world are to be (ought to be) cared for in such a way that the potentialities of the world as such are cared for. As being in the world, the transcendental ego is the caretaker of the world; his praxis is to (ought to) conform to the requirements of the world as such, himself included. His praxis ought to conform to Schiller's principle:
Das Leben ist der Güter Höchstes nicht.
Der Übel gröβtes aber ist die Schuld.[17]
<Life is not the highest of goods,
But the greatest of evils is guilt.>
[1] Edmund Husserl, Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie, I. Buch. Allgemeine Einführung in die reine Phänomenologie (Husserliana
[2] See W.S. Gilbert's "Bunthorne's Song" from Gilbert and Sullivan's Patience.
[3] Edmund Husserl, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology, trns. David Carr (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1970), p. 195—cited hereafter as Crisis.; page 198 in the German edition, Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften und die transzendentale Phänomenologie (Husserliana VI], ed. W. Biemel (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1954)—cited hereafter as Krisis.
[4] Crisis, p. 195.
[5] "Das Weltbewusstsein kann ich freilich fiktiv und in Freiheit umgestalten, aber diese Form der Generativität und Geschichtlichkeit ist, unzerbrechlich." Krisis, p. 256.
[6] Edmund Husserl, Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität, Texte aus dem Nachlaβ (Husserliana XV] Dritter Teil: 1929-1935. Ed. Iso Kern (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1973), p. 39.
[7] Edmund Husserl, The Idea of Phenomenology, trns. W.P. Alston and G. Nakhnikian. (The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1973), p. 44 (p. 56 in the German edition, Die Idee der Phänomenologie (Husserliana II], ed. W. Biemel (
[8] Ideen I 33 (27) [Ideas I (Kersten) 27, Ideas I (Gibson) 73].
[9] Edmund Husserl, Phänomenologische Psychologie (Husserliana IX], ed. W. Biemel (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1962), p. 75 (p. 56 in Phenomenological Psychology: Lectures, Summer Semester, 1925. transcends. John Scanlon;
[10] § 18 in Edmund Husserl, Cartesianische Meditationen und Pariser Vortrqäge (Husserliana I), ed. S. Strasser (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1950) and in Cartesian Meditations, trns. Dorion Cairns (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1960), Sect. 18.
[11] Edmund Husserl, "Vorlesungen zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins" in Zur Phaenomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins (1893-1917) (Husserliana X]. Ed. Rudolf Boehm (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966) §38, p. 76ff. (p. 431ff. in the pagination of the first edition).
[12] Krisis, pp. 258f., Crisis pp. 255f.
[13] Krisis, pp. 254f., Crisis pp. 250f.
[14] Marvin Farber, Phenomenology and Existence. Toward a Philosophy within Nature (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1967), p. 125.
[15] Edmund Husserl, Logical Investigations, trns. J.N. Findlay, VI. Investigation, §39 "Evidence and Truth," p. 769. Heidegger specifically cites this passage from the German, Logische Untersuchungen, Vol. II, Part II, p. 126) in Sein und Zeit (Tubingen: Max Niemeyer, 1957) p. 218, in. 1.
[16] Edmund Husserl, Analysen zur passiven Synthesis (Husserliana XI] ed. Margot Fleischer (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966), p. 102ff. The translation is my own.
[17] The final words of Friedrich Schiller's drama Die Braut von Messina.


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Bob Evans
Original recipe yields 30 servings
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
Party favorite! I tried the won ton papers a couple different ways but mine would come out chewey. Ended up using the pre-baked phyllo cups and heating them up with the filling. Perfect!
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Abbott, Janice, Morton, Alison, Hurley, Margaret Anne and Conway, Steven (2015) Longitudinal impact of demographic and clinical variables on Health-Related Quality of Life in Cystic Fibrosis. British Medical Journal (BMJ), 5 (5). ISSN 0959-8138
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McElvenny, D M, Hurley, Margaret Anne, Lenters, V, Heederik, D, Wilkinson, S and Coggon, D (2011) Lung cancer mortality in a cohort of UK cotton workers: an extended follow-up. British Journal of Cancer, 105 (7). pp. 1054-1060. ISSN 0007-0920
Thomas, M., Hunt, Anne, Hurley, Margaret Anne, Robertson, S. and Carter, Bernie (2011) Time-use diaries are acceptable to parents with a disabled preschool child and are helpful in understanding families' daily lives. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37 (2). pp. 168-174. ISSN 03051862
Brotherton, Ailsa M, Abbott, Janice, Hurley, Margaret Anne and Aggett, P.J. (2007) Home Enteral Tube Feeding in Children following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; Perceptions of Parents, Paediatric Dieticians and Paediatric Nurses. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 20 (5). pp. 431-439. ISSN 09523871
☎ (01772) 89 2120, ext. 2120
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There must be something in the water in France. Just a month after Evian's record-breaking Roller Babies' 26-month stay in the Global Arts Chart top 20 finally came to an end, a fantastic new commercial for another French mineral water brand, Contrex, pedalled its way to the top of the rankings.
The French ad, created by agency Marcel, was easily the most shared ad over the last 30 days, racking up an impressive 656,989 shares across Facebook, Twitter and the blogosphere during October – over 173,000 more than PS3's Michael, in second place.
It's not hard to see why it has been so successful. Primarily, it manages the impossible – it makes losing weight look like fun.
Filmed to look like a publicity stunt, 'Contrexpérience' begins with a row of random pink exercise bikes on a bustling Parisian square. Not being able to hold back anymore, some curious women climb on the bikes and start pedalling.
As they pedal, the bikes power up neon wires that climb up the building opposite, until the neon outline of a muscled man appears. A record player starts blaring out and he starts to take off his clothes and prance around.
The faster they pedal, the faster he takes off his clothes. Bottles of Contrex mineral water, a brand owned by Nestle which supposedly helps people lose weight because of its high calcium content, are available next to the bikes for any women desperate to quench their thirst.
He is eventually left in just his underpants. He disappears to the side of the building, only to return with a strategically placed sign that tells them (in easy-to-translate French) they have burned 2,000 calories during the exercise. Cue lots of laughter and more drinking. Job done.
It is a very clever ad, not just for its sense of cheeky fun, but for its sheer innovation. 'Neon' and 'strippers' would not be the first words most of us would think about when conjuring up a commercial that would directly appeal to women.
But then, when you see the ad, it makes total sense. After all, this is an ad that specifically targets women who want to lose weight, but just don't like the idea of spending hours on running machines or eating bland foods to achieve it.
Contrex is not the only brand concerned with the pursuit of the body beautiful to make it into October's top 20. Also standing proudly in the mirror this month is a remarkable ad from make-up brand Dermablend that goes to extreme lengths to prove just how effective its concealer is.
Called 'Go Beyond The Cover' and created by Montreal agency Agence Tuxedo, it begins with the brooding image of an average white guy with metal in his face. So far, so pretty normal.
However, this guy is far from normal. His name is Zombie Boy, and he is a model so obsessed with all things undead he has covered his entire body and face in tattoos designed to make him look like a walking corpse.
Thing is, thanks to Dermablend's concealer, you only get to see his dramatic look after he gradually goes through his cleansing ritual – the message obviously being if it can cover up his tattoos, just imagine what it can do for the average person's blemishes, spots or, indeed, tattoos.
It is certainly a powerful ad that has attracted a mammoth 341,501 shares since it was launched on October 11, making it the fifth most popular ad of last month.
Adidas also flexed its muscles during October with a new ad spot to launch the second set of signature sneakers designed by Derrick Rose, the NBA's youngest-ever MVP.
Part of the 'All In' campaign, the biggest ever launched by the German sports brand, it sees Chicago Bulls star Rose, armed only with a ball and a pair of adiZero Rose 2s, take on the role of a bull in a traditional bullfighting arena. Suffice to say, the matadors don't stand a chance.
The ad attracted 149,512 shares during October, making it the 11th most popular commercial of the month.
Last on October's beauty parade is a dreamy spot for perfume brand Elizabeth Arden. It stars country pop singer Taylor Swift and contains more fairy-tale references than a sixth-year-old girl's fancy dress party.
But if you thought October's chart was all about the body beautiful, think again. There are also ads that offer nourishment for the mind as well as the body.
Unsurprisingly, two ads introducing the new iPhone 4S make an appearance in the top 6, but it is PS3's 'Michael', from Sony's Long Live Play campaign, which really stood out last month.
It features two American soldiers as they make their way to a stone building in the middle of a forest. They pay the woman at the door, before entering the main bar, where they are met with a variety of much-loved characters from various Playstation games. They are all swapping war stories about someone called Michael.
But just who is this amazing Michael? Well, it is you. You are Michael. No, honestly. Sony's new PlayStation advert is all about you... and you…and you. OK, maybe not you.
It is a celebration of the true heroes of gaming - the gamers themselves.
The ad, created by LA agency, Deutsch, was the second most shared during October.
Other new ads to make it on to this month's top 20 include a spot for Wonderful Pistachios that revives the Honey Badger meme, a Halloween-themed Angry Birds cartoon from Rovio, a drink driving awareness PSA from New Zealand and an action-packed commercial for GoPro cameras.
The Top 20 Global Online Video Ads For October 2011
1. Nestle, Contrex Mineral Water: Contrexperience
2. Sony, PS3: Long Live Play 'Michael'
3. Carlsberg: Stunt With Bikers
4. Apple: Introducing Siri
5. DermaBlend: Go Beyond The Cover
6. Apple: Introducing the iPhone 4S
7. Activision/ Infinity Ward: Call of Duty, Modern Warfare Trailer (Redemption)
8. DC Shoes: Ken Block's Gymkhana Four, The Hollywood Megamercial
10. Kia: Soul Hamster – Party Rock Anthem
11. adidas: D Rose- adiZero 2 – The Bull
12. Wonderful Pistachios: Honey Badger
13. Weetabix: Chocolate Spoonsize
14. New Zealand Transport Agency: Legend
15. Dreamworks: Puss in Boots, The Cat Haz Swagger
16. Red Bull: Way Back Home, feat Danny MacAskill
17. Sour Patch Kids: World Gone Sour (The Lost Kids) feat Method Man
18. Rovio: Angry Birds Ham'O'Ween
19. GoPro: Powerful In Every Way
20. Elizabeth Arden: Taylor Swift Wonderstruck


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I reverted to e1000phy.c 1.17 and e1000phyreg.h 1.3 on FreeBSD 7, and it now uses the generic driver and correctly detects the media. However for me it still doesn't work. Keep getting:Hi,Great news: I can confirm that it works fine when the e1000phy patch was removed on this system. I have not tried this on the system that *did* work fine with the patch, though.
nfe1: watchdog timeout then the link goes down and back up again. Wish I had more time to dig around in it. Brian _______________________________________________ freebsd-questions_(_at_)_freebsd_(_dot_)_org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscribe_(_at_)_freebsd_(_dot_)_org"


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Updated: 11/27/2012 11:21 AM KSTP.com By: Aaron Chalich
Square Enix's "Hitman: Absolution" just blew me away. I want to start out by saying that this is one of the best games I have played this year. I know that this is a strong statement, but I feel that it is true for a number of reasons.
A few weeks ago I received an early review copy of "Hitman: Absolution" for the PS3. I have played the other Hitman games and I really enjoyed them a lot, but not as a much as this one.
People may disagree with me, but that's OK. This game is awesome.
Your character is Agent 47, who is the world's ultimate assassin. You are betrayed by the people that you trusted and you are being hunted by the police. You are in the middle of a dark conspiracy and you go on one of your most dangerous missions yet.
I thought that the story was excellent. I am not going to spoil anything because, there are so many surprises. The story is very dark and very violent. This game is not for kids and it is rated M for a reason.
There is a lot of swearing and graphic violence in the game.
The graphics are amazing and very detailed. It is a very dark game and the graphic designers really used shadows and did a great job with the lighting. You rely on dark areas a lot in Hitman to hide from enemies so you are not seen and there are tons of them in the game.
One huge thing I noticed was that there was no lag or slowdown from anything and the gameplay was very smooth. In the second level you are in Chinatown and you have to take out the "King of Chinatown."
You have to move through a very crowded market area and there are hundreds of people on the screen at once. They are all doing their own unique thing and not one time did the game stop, freeze or slow down. I thought that was very impressive.
Hitman: Absolution uses Glacier 2 technology. This new and more powerful engine can give game designers more control of the look of the game. That is why they can have over 500 people on the screen at once doing different things.
When you start out "Hitman: Absolution, you can choose from easy, normal, hard, expert or purist. By choosing one of the difficulties really changes the game for the player. For instance if you choose purist, which is the hardest difficulty, you will get no help, no guides, no interface and only a cross hair.
I am not an advanced Hitman player so I chose normal and that was perfect for me. There were some hints and the enemies reacted to situations normally. Plus there were check points where I could save the game.
The controls for the game were really good and just like every game I have played lately, it has an in game tutorial that was very helpful. I did not have any problems learning the controls of the game and I don't think other people will have a problem.
The thing that makes "Hitman: Absolution" so great is that every time you play the game you can do something different. For instance when you play a level, you can play it in stealth mode. You can sneak up behind people and knock them out and hide their body in a dumpster or locker. You can go back and play the same level and just shoot everybody and not care about being not seen.
When you do a hit, you can just go up to the target and shoot them and hide until things calm down, or you can take them out by using a sniper rifle from far away, or you can do something clever like drug their food and make it look like an accident.
There are so many different ways you can play each level and there are different tasks for each level as well. There is a challenge called "chameleon" where if you disguise yourself by wearing a certain amount of different outfits in a level you gain this. You can also complete a challenge if you kill the target a certain way.
I really like this and think that this makes play "Hitman: Absolution a lot of fun. The game does not get boring.
One new thing that you can do in "Hitman: Absolution" is use an instinct mode. There is a meter and when you need help in the game you can access this and you will see where the police or enemies are. You can see where items that you need are or you can use it to help defuse a situation.
There is a very dark sense of humor in "Hitman: Absolution." It's all over the game and I thought it was very clever. In one instance you are climbing on a building and you go by a window.
There is a thug on the phone with his doctor and he just finds out that he does not have cancer and he keeps saying that now he has all the time in the world to do things and he goes on and on.
Just as he hangs the phone up you grab him and throw him out the window to gain access to the area you need to go. The game is filled with things like that.
I got the chance to play an online game called "Contracts." In this online game you can create your own hits and then challenge your friends. You do this by entering a checkpoint and then you mark your targets, make your kills and then escape the level.
Then you can challenge your friends or other people to do this hit and see if they can do it as fast as or better than you did. This was really a lot of fun to play. The game came with a bunch of pre-set contracts that were created by the game developers and they were also fun and challenging to play.
"Hitman: Absolutions" has a ton of celebrities doing the voices of the characters such as:
Like I said earlier, I really liked Square Enix's "Hitman: Absolutions" a lot and I think it is one of the best games I've played this year. The graphics and story were amazing. I really liked the dark humor and thought the controls of the game were very easy to learn.
I really liked how the game never got boring because you could play each level differently every time you played it. I think that people who are a fan of the Hitman series or are looking for a game that is challenging and unique will really enjoy this game a lot.
"The copy was provided by Square Enix for review purposes"
Aaron Chalich is a columnist for KSTP.com blogging about the latest entertainment news.


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7.5 wrist here as well
July 30 2012 at 3:05 PM
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looking for next panerai...372?
I've worn my 372 daily since picking it up a month or so ago, can't bring myself to take it off. Very comfortable to wear... even more-so than my 312 which I also find comfortable. The 372 definitely sits lower than the 312 & the bump in diameter is barely noticeable IMHO.
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Through the creation of various accident scenarios your teen will learn the skills of how to handle a car, the importance of awareness and the potential results of distracted driving and excessive speed. Parents are invited to meet the instructor team and get behind the wheel of a Scion Defensive Driving Fleet vehicle to execute several key drills while the teens are in their morning classroom session.
Throughout the rest of the day participants rotate through four drills in succession practicing accident avoidance and emergency lane change techniques, threshold braking under low traction conditions, and skid control and recovery utilizing our state of the art dynamic skid training vehicle, all on our Vehicle Dynamics Skid Pad. Additionally, participants learn about the basics of caring for their vehicle during our vehicle maintenance segment.


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Robert Kaplan's cover story in the latest issue of Foreign Policy — their "Big Think" issue — centers on "The Return of Geography." The premise is that this is the era of realism, which brings with it the "revenge of geography in the most old-fashioned sense." Indeed, Kaplan argues, realism is based on geography, the "bluntest, most uncomfortable, and most deterministic" of all realities. And that is a good thing, for the time has come for a return to the Victorian era when "mountains and the men who grow out of them were the first order of reality; ideas, however uplifting, were only the second."
As a description of the Victorian era, this leaves a good deal to be desired: Marx, the issue's cover boy and for many years a resident of the Victorian British Library, would not have agreed that geography was destiny. But once you get past Kaplan's 2007-era fixation with how badly the Iraq War is going, and if you ignore his bizarre claims that, for instance, "local, ethnic, and religious sources of identity . . . are best explained by reference to geography," the essay settles down. After passing by Fernand Braudel, Alfred Thayer Mahan, and Nicholas Spykman in quick review, Kaplan lays the crown of modern realism on the head of Sir Halford Mackinder, the great British scholar of geopolitics and author of, among other works, an influential 1904 essay on "The Geographical Pivot of History."
Mackinder divided the world — in 1904 — into three areas: the pivot (the landlocked portions of Russia), the inner circle (Britain, Europe, the Middle East, India, South East Asia, and Japan), and the outer circle (the Americas). The story of history was the pressure the pivot brought to bear on the inner circle, and the efforts of the inner circle — aided by the outer — to resist. For Mackinder, the crucial geopolitical development was the rise of railways, and industrialization more generally, which were reducing the historic advantage of sea-power, and, specifically, of Britain's hegemony over the inner circle. The flash point, he believed, was the border of India, for it was there that Britain and Russia would meet.
Kaplan is trying to update Mackinder for the modern age, while retaining his emphasis on the controlling role of geography. As he puts it, today we need the "authors who thought the map determined nearly everything, leaving little room for human agency." Understandably, Kaplan points to Eurasia — extending from Japan through the Middle East, and north into Russia — as the zone of destiny. It might be objected that including everything except Europe, the Americas, and Africa does not provide much focus, but, for Kaplan, that is the problem: "contra Mackinder, Eurasia has been reconfigured into an organic whole." The division between the pivot and the inner circle has been erased, and "A Eurasia of vast urban areas, overlapping missile ranges, and sensational media . . .[with] constantly enraged crowds" constitutes the "shatter zone" of the future, with the familiar array of problems — from Syrian meddling in Lebanon to the rise of the Chinese navy — all fitting into it.
These problems do exist. But Kaplan's thesis that Eurasia is now an organic whole sorts ill with his claim that geography matters more than ever. Just because something happens in physical space does not make it geography, and all Kaplan's supposedly unifying developments — urbanization, religious radicalism, and bad governments here, there, and everywhere — are very much driven by people and ideas. His praise for Mackinder is therefore curiously appropriate, because Mackinder was one of those rare authors who combined great sense and tremendous nonsense in very close proximity. His insight into the declining advantage of sea power, and the advantages of industrialization, were keen — much keener than those of his contemporary, the great navalist Mahan. But when it came right down to it, he was simply reiterating the conventional wisdom of his day: that Britain's greatest strategic challenge was the Russian threat to India, enabled by the expansion of the Russian railway system.
This was entirely wrong. The greatest threat to Britain turned out to lie on the Franco-German border, a location to which Mackinder devoted no attention whatsoever. When in 1919, in a book on Democratic Ideals and Reality, which still repays reading, he turned to the question of what should be done to secure Europe after the Great War, Mackinder tacitly recognized his earlier failure. In 1904, what mattered to him was the pivot area. By 1919, Mackinder evolved an entirely new thesis, which he presented as a logical development of his old one: as he put it, who controlled Eastern Europe controlled the pivot, who controlled the pivot controlled Eurasia, and who controlled Eurasia controlled the world. In other words, the key to world power lay in Poland and the Balkans, and in the rivalry between the German and Slav, the rivalry that had sparked the Great War.
In 1919, that — again — was conventional wisdom, dressed up as insight derived from careful study of the enduring features of geography. In fifteen years, Mackinder moved from emphasizing the centrality of controlling Siberia and the threat to India to emphasizing the centrality of German-Russian rivalry and the importance of Poland. Any theory supposedly based on immutable realities that can jump around so rapidly, and so obviously in response to the concerns of the day, is not worth very much. Mackinder was not wrong about everything — the emphasis on Poland looked pretty good in 1939 — but that simply goes to show that, like Kaplan, he was intelligent, well-informed, and wrote about a lot of problems. Anyone with those qualifications who does the same is likely to get similar results, even if they are mostly dispensing the verities of the day.
Mackinder made real and enduring contributions in a few areas — centrally, the creation of the British institutional emphasis on geography — and he did advance a few insights of enduring value. But in essence, he was a fairly standard-issue late Victorian imperialist of the Joseph Chamberlain school of imperial unity through protectionism. His recommendations were, mostly, the conventional wisdom of that school, though enlivened by a sweep and authority of presentation that few contemporaries matched. He is still read today, and that, too, is a real achievement: not many from that school can say the same. And it's a good thing that he's read: he is no more irrelevant to our day than many of the other great Victorian thinkers. But to place him the pillar as the key to his age and ours is more than he, or any other single thinker, deserves.


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Lilly Kimbell leads Georgia in singles wins this fall.
Nov. 2, 2013
ATHENS, Ga.—After a morning weather delay, Georgia was perfect again on Saturday at the College of Charleston Halloween Challenge. Through two days of competition, the Bulldogs are 6-0 in doubles competition and 10-0 in singles play.
In doubles, the Bulldogs followed on Friday's doubles victories with another dominating performance. In flight one, the second-ranked pair of Kate Fuller and Silvia Garcia topped Marshall's Dana Oppinger and Karli Timko, 8-1. In flight two, No. 50 Lauren Herring and Maho Kowase beat Kelly Kambourleis and Mara Argyriou of College of Charleston, 8-3. Herring and Kowase now lead Georgia with ten doubles wins this fall. In flight three, Mia King and Lilly Kimbell outdid College of Charleston's Brooke McAmis and Katherine Schofield, 8-1.
In singles, third-ranked Lauren Herring was first off the court, picking up her eighth win of the fall after shutting out Denver's Evy Van Genechten. In flight two, No. 14 Kowase overwhelmed Denver's Mauren Slattery, 6-1, 6-1. In flight four, Kimbell outlasted the Pioneers' Kathryn Hughes, 4-6, 6-2, 6-3 for a team-high 12th win this season. In flight five, Fuller rushed to a 6-2, 6-0 win over Sonja Radosevic of Denver. King topped Charlotte Derbyshire 6-2, 6-2 in flight six. It was both Fuller and King's fifth win of the fall.
The tournament, which will conclude tomorrow, started Friday and is broken down into seven flights with four players in each flight. Flight champions will be determined via a round robin format.
In addition to the host College of Charleston, N.C. State, Marshall and Denver are also participate in the Halloween Challenge. This is the last full team competition of the fall for the Bulldogs. Herring, Kowase and Garcia will travel to New York next week for the ITA National Indoors.
Saturday's Results
Flight #1: Garcia/Fuller(Georgia) def. Dana Oppinger/Karli Timko (Marshall), 8-1
Flight #2: Herring/Kowase(Georgia) def. Kelly Kambourleis/Mara Argyriou (CofC), 8-3,
Flight #3: King/Kimbell (Georgia) def. Brooke McAmis/Katherine Schofield (CofC), 8-1
Flight #1: Lauren Herring (Georgia) def. Evy Van Genechten (Denver), 6-0, 6-0
Flight #3: Maho Kowase (Georgia) def. Maureen Slattery (Denver), 6-1, 6-1
Flight #4: Lilly Kimbell (Georgia) def. Kathryn Hughes (Denver), 4-6, 6-2, 6-3
Flight #5: Kate Fuller (Georgia) def. Sonja Radosevic (Denver), 6-2, 6-0
Flight #6: Mia King (Georgia) def. Charlotte Derbyshire (Denver), 6-2, 6-2
Georgia's Sunday Schedule
Sunday, Nov. 2 - 10:00 a.m.
Flight #1: Garcia/Fuller(Georgia) vs. Rachel James-Baker/Sophie Nelson (NCState)
Flight #2: Herring/Kowase(Georgia) vs. Broomfiled/Morales (Marshall)
Flight #3: King/Kimbell (Georgia) vs. Janowicz/Fieldsend (NC State)
Sunday, Nov. 3
Flight #1 (1:00 p.m.): Brooke McAmis (CofC) vs. Lauren Herring (Georgia)
Flight #3 (Follows 10:30 a.m. matches) Mara Argyriou (CofC) vs. Maho Kowase (Georgia)
Flight #4 (10:30 a.m.) Lilly Kimbell (Georgia) vs. Kai Broomfield (Marshall)
Flight #5 (Follows 10:30 a.m. matches): Samantha Maddox (CofC) vs. Kate Fuller (Georgia)
Flight #6 (10:30 a.m.): Mia King (Georgia) vs. Rachael Morales (Marshall)


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iPhone 5 Release Date Rumors: 3D Apple Smartphone in the Works?
The iPhone 5 release date rumors continue to pile in at such a high rate, they are often hard to keep up with. One catchy rumor, which has many Apple fans drooling at the moment, states their 6th generation smartphone could have 3D technology.
The 3D iPhone rumor surfaced after a new Apple job posting popped up online. A recent article states the company is looking for a "Computer Vision specialist to strengthen its multi-view stereo research group," and adds the applicant should have a "Ph.D. degree in a Computer Vision related field such as Mathematics, Physics or Computer Science. You should be a confident and experienced C programmer".
Is Apple on the hunt for a new visionary who will take the iPhone 5 release date experience to the next level for fans of the device?
The Apple Job posting states the company is seeking an iOS Software Engineer with knowledge in SLAM, large scale bundle adjustment, cameras and surfaces in a 3D environment, multi view stereo and 3D reconstruction, and inpainting of occluded geometry and texture data. They aren't asking for much, are they?
Of course, this Apple job posting may have nothing to do with what they've got in store for upcoming smartphone designs, but fans are hopeful its a clue for whats to come in the Apple mobile devices future.
This 3D Apple smartphone rumor surfaced not long after Samsung put rumors to rest about the Samsung Galaxy S3 release being 3D. The basically stated they are always considering new technologies, but have no plans to release a 3D smartphone in 2012.
Is 3D far-fetched for Apple smartphones at this time? Perhaps, but if the company isn't able to work out 4G technology for the handset, they will certainly want to pack something different into the gadget to increase its appeal for Apple aficionados.
Do you think this job posting has anything to do technologies fans can expect to see with future iPhone 5 release dates? Or, is it more likely Apple is tinkering with 3D technology for some other gadget they've got planned?
Image: Amazon.com


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Martin Tyler Shares His Reaction to England v US World Cup Draw
Martin Tyler, the world's number one football commentator, was on ESPN last week with Bob Ley to provide his reaction and analysis to the draw that will see England play the United States in the 2010 World Cup. In addition to Tyler's analysis of that match, he also discusses the other groups and how he sees the other countries fairing in the tournament.
Hat tip: The Offside Rules.


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Hillsborough County, Florida - Hillsborough County Fire Rescue crews are on the scene of a fatal accident in the south part of the county.
Photo Gallery: Pictures from the accident scene
The crash is at the intersection of Highways 301 and 674. One vehicle has overturned and one person has reportedly been killed.
The Florida Highway Patrol will be the lead agency investigating the crash.
10 Connects News


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Cheap Matthew Bourne's Sleeping Beauty tickets
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Cheap Sleeping Beauty tickets at Sadler's Wells
The Show
Internationally acclaimed choreographer Mathhew Bourne's New Adventures dance company rounds off its 25th birthday celebrations with the world premiere of Bourne's re-imagining of a ballet classic.
Sleeping Beauty sees Bourne return to the music of Tchaikovsky to complete his trio of modern ballet masterworks that started with Nutcracker! and the international smash hit Swan Lake.
The Story
We meet Princess Aurora at her Christening in the Victorian era, when fairies and vampires fed the gothic imagination, and follow her story through a century to our own time.
As we pass through the formal, uptight Edwardian period - a mythical golden age of long summer afternoons, croquet on the lawn and new dance crazes - the slumbering Aurora grows into a young woman.
She finally awakens from her century long sleep in our present day - a world more mysterious and wonderful than any fairy story.
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Downton Abbey
Downton Abbey Actress Names Co-Star As Celeb Crush
We knew Carson and Lady Mary had a close relationship, but not that close.
Michelle Dockery, who plays Mary on Downton Abbey, just had a cute Q&A with Life & Style.
When they asked for her celeb crush, she answered, "Jim Carter, who plays Mr. Carson on Downton Abbey."
In terms of Downton stars, we'd probably go with Rob James-Collier (Thomas) or maybe Matt Milne (Alfred). But it sounds like Michelle also has a celeb girl crush. Asked to name someone with whom she'd like to work, Michelle answered, "Kristen Wiig. I watched her on Saturday Night Live before Bridesmaids, and she's one of the most talented actresses." Keep it in mind, Hollywood! And on a somewhat related note, shouldn't a Downton cast member be hosting SNL soon?
Read more from Michelle in the current issue of Life & Style.
Source: Life & Style


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News broke yesterday that the BATF had raided the business premises of EP Armory and the home of it's owner, Chris Cook. News reports are sparse as the ATF is being fairly tight lipped about the nature of their investigation. Local news sources are reporting that the ATF is on the hunt for "illegal weapons". As of this writing the ATF has now allowed the store front to reopen for business.
We recently reviewed an 80% lower receiver from EP Armory here on TheBangSwitch. EP Armory receivers are mostly complete and only require a small amount of machining to convert them into a fully functioning AR15 lower receiver. However, as 80% complete receivers they are not considered to be firearms in the eyes of the government. Once manufacturing is completed by the owner, they are not required to be serial numbered or to be registered on a 4473 form despite the fact they are now deemed to be firearms. Your EP Armory AR15 becomes one of those mystical "ghost guns" bantered about in the media as of late.
There's nothing nefarious about building your own firearm. As American citizens we have the right to manufacture our own firearms and when we do, there's nothing the federal government can say about it… that whole interstate commerce thing. As long as you don't manufacture them for sale you can make as many as you like for your own personal use and it's none of Uncle Sam's business.
Who knows what the G-men are ferreting for, one can only speculate. What I do know is that a fine, and highly arbitrary, line exists between a 80% complete lower and a receiver that's considered to be a firearm in the eyes of our overlords. Could this be related to the nebulous methods used by the BATF to define 80% lowers? <shrug>
Perhaps Mr. Cook was up to something shady. Perhaps it's the ATF that's up to something shady and they're after copies of EP Armory's sales records… We won't know until the ATF breaks their silence, or if charges are ultimately filed.
Let's hope this is nothing more than an innocent misunderstanding and EP Armory is back on its feet in short order.
- See more at: http://www.thebangswitch.com/ep-armo....6eOCTJXe.dpuf
BAKERSFIELD, Calif. - A bill passing through the state legislature would require homemade weapons to be registered and owners to acquire serial numbers.
Parts used to make homemade weapons are sold at EP Armory, a Bakersfield store off District Boulevard that was raided on Friday by ATF agents.
State Sen. Kevin de Leon introduced the bill that last month and it passed in the Senate. It now heads to Assembly.
EP Armory specializes in selling what gun enthusiasts know as "80 percent lowers" -- a portion of an AR-15 homemade rifle kit.
READ RELATED | Local man 'lowers' expectations and starts his dream business in the gun industry
Chris Cook, owner of EP armory, told 23ABC on Friday that ATF agents were searching for illegal firearms. Cook denies any wrongdoing and says agents seized sales records, computers, cell phones and other documents from the business and employees. Cook's home was also searched.
Although the website says the store opens at 11 a.m. Monday it was closed as of just before noon.
more Here is the reason I don't give building advice on the internet anymore, read this article below ( illegal aliens)
SACRAMENTO, California — Two Sacramento brothers were charged Thursday with making hundreds of illegal, untraceable firearms as part of what law enforcement officials said was a wide-ranging network designed to skirt federal laws.
Luis Cortez-Garcia, 44, and Emiliano Cortez-Garcia, 37, were indicted by a federal grand jury in Sacramento on multiple charges of unlawful manufacturing and sales of firearms including short-barreled rifles, machine guns, and silencers. Emiliano Cortez-Garcia is also charged with being a felon in possession of firearms.
Attorney Danny Brace Jr., who represents Luis Cortez-Garcia, said both men thought they were acting legally. Both are being held by immigration authorities on allegations that they were living in the country illegally.
Brace and federal firearms officials agreed that the men were selling firearms parts that under some circumstances can be legally owned and assembled into working firearms by individuals, so long as they aren't sold or transferred to others. Unlike fully assembled weapons sold through dealers, the assembled parts do not contain serial numbers and are not registered with authorities.
Search warrants unsealed Thursday show firearms agents raided 11 locations in October in Sacramento, West Sacramento, Antelope, Auburn, Ione, Placerville, and Fresno, seizing 345 guns, including multiple fully automatic assault rifles, illegal short-barreled rifles, and silencers. Authorities said undercover agents and at least one convicted felon previously purchased nearly three-dozen made-to-order assault weapons from the brothers and their associates.


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Arguing about race and undergoing a custody battle seem like the two most unpleasant things imaginable, but it looks like Halle Berry is up to the challenge. The Monster's Ball actress sat down with Ebony to confirm that Halle Berry considers daughter Nahla Black. Berry, who is biracial herself, discusses how people of mixed race have the right to self-identify, "But I feel like she's Black. I'm Black and I'm her mother, and I believe in the one-drop theory." Of course, Halle's comments come after, and seemingly in response to, rumors that ex Gabriel Aubry doesn't consider Nahla Black, in addition to allegedly calling Halle the N-word during their custody battle, which grows increasingly gruesome. We're just hoping Nahla is in the other room with Dora the Explorer turned alllllllll the way up during this whole ordeal.
No matter her own feelings on the subject, Berry acknowledges that Nahla will have to come to her own conclusions about her own ethnic make-up. "What I think is that that's something she's going to have to decide," Berry said. "I'm not going to put a label on it. I had to decide for myself, and that's what she's going to have to decide—how she identifies herself in the world. And I think, largely, that will be based on how the world identifies her. That's how I identified myself." Here's hoping Nahla has the support of both parents as she navigates the tricky subject of race, though the fact they can't be in the same room without getting into a screaming match isn't going to be much help.
[Photo: Splash News Online]


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David Lantigua received his Ph.D. in the area of Moral Theology/Christian Ethics from the University of Notre Dame in 2012. During his doctoral studies, he conducted dissertation research in Spain and was a graduate fellow at the Notre Dame Institute for Advanced Study.
Dr. Lantigua's primary area of research focuses on sixteenth-century Spanish scholastic retrievals of Aquinas's moral theology to address the topics of natural law, political authority, ecclesiastical power, empire, toleration, and evangelization. His scholarly interests also include medieval and modern Catholic social thought, Latin American theology, comparative religious ethics, and the development of human rights in the Christian tradition.
He has published articles in the Journal of Moral Theology and Church Life: A Journal for the New Evangelization. He has articles forthcoming in Modern Theology and The Oxford Handbook of Latin American Christianity. He is co-editor and co-translator with historian Lawrence A. Clayton for The Essential Bartolomé de las Casas: A Brief History with Documents (Bedford/St. Martin's, 2015). He is also co-author with Darrell Fasching and Dell deChant for Comparative Religious Ethics: A Narrative Approach to Global Ethics, 2nd Edition (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011).
Dr. Lantigua has three daughters and is married to Marisa, a Florida native. They live as faculty in residence at CUA.
Contact Information
Phone: 202-319-5668
Fax: 202-319-5704
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Areas of Expertise
Thomistic moral theology and Spanish scholasticism
Human rights and religious freedom
Christian social teaching
Latin American theology
Comparative religious ethics
Latest Publications
TRS 201H Faith Seeking Understanding
TRS 230 Introduction to Moral Theology/Ethics
TRS 632A Christian Social Ethics
TRS 737E Freedom, Responsibility, Rights
TRS 835B The Moral Theology of St. Thomas
Course Descriptions
Curriculum Vitae


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I've been really missing Melbourne lately (well, for the last 6 years actually) and last week my wife purchased me return tix to Melbourne in order to take part in a little celebration at my old cricket club in Richmond last weekend. It was great seeing old cricket club buddies that I haven't seen for 7 years or so. And when I wasn't catching up with people I was walking around and checking out my old haunts.
Nothing much has changed in Melbourne. There's a few more tall buildings around and the inevitable loss of some kooky little pubs and cafés, but nothing like the destruction of culture and architecture I have witnessed throughout Sydney and Brisbane. One thing that definitely hasn't changed is the loudness of Melburnians in public places and their love of eating obnoxiously smelling food on trains and trams. Not that there's a problem with either of my observations, I just love the outgoing nature of Melbourne in general.
My old haunts, Swan St. in Richmond and High St in Northcote and Thornbury are basically food and drink destinations now with most of the old dress shops, book shops and shoe shops having disappeared. Non-hospitality shopfronts are surviving by being a specialist in a particular style or genre which is great. The less crapola shops that exist the better – you know the type, a shoe shop that sells books and offers haircuts and sells instant coffee.
I can honestly now say that Brisbane is just a chore now. Anything I do here is just incidental and is a means of getting me back to civilisation. Now where's that extra $600 000 I need so I can buy a shack and not have to pay rent in Melbourne…..?


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Solina Marquis
Bilingual storyteller Solina Marquis will recount lively tales of tricksters & noodleheads - as well as some wise animals - from the borderlands & beyond. Enjoy helping this Texas teller recreate a tale in 2 languages. Join in for lots of family fun in Spanish & English! Room 205.
Wed, 07/10/2013 - 2:00pm to 3:00pm


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Falalfel Waffles!
The other night I visited Maoz for a falafel. They were amazing. I have a full review on my blog if anyone cares: http://theshortreviews.blogspot.com/2011/09/maoz-vegetarian.html
Anyway, I was Googling for some interesting falafel stuff and came across waffles.. they look awesome and I thought I'd share.
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
Check out this post for a more thorough explanation, and jump onto our Facebook page or our Twitter feed to keep the conversations going!


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Portland-Sapporo Sister City Association
Posted By on September 19, 2011
Welcome to the home page for the Portland-Sapporo Sister City Association. We are located in beautiful Portland, OR, home to a vibrant and thriving Japanese community. Our relationship with Sapporo started in 1959 and is Portland's longest running Sister City relationship. We are celebrating our 46th year and are looking forward to many more years of friendship and cooperation.
Sapporo is located on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. Sapporo and Portland are similar in size, geography, and citizens' attitude toward open spaces and a clean environment. Through our relationship with Sapporo, thousands of Portland children and adults are exposed to Japanese culture by group affiliations and special events.
An active, all volunteer organization, PSSCA has been the recipient of many awards over the years. Some of the most recent are:
- Readers Digest Foundation Award for outstanding Sister City programs (6 times)
- Japan Foreign Minister's Commendation – 2004
- Portland Mayor's Spirit Award – 2004
Our recent 45th Anniversary celebration was huge success in both cities, with official delegations traveling to the Sister city for a week-long celebration. PSSCA hosted approximately 60 Sapporo citizens in June, 2004 for a series of special events, visits with businesses and civic leaders, and a picnic attended by several hundred people. A delegation from Portland visited Sapporo in February, 2005 lead by Portland Mayor Tom Potter and his wife. Our delegation of 40+ enjoyed 5 days of special events, headlined by the opening ceremonies of the world famous Sapporo Snow Festival. Both groups had an excellent experience in the Sister city and plans are already underway for the 50th anniversary coming up in 2009/2010.
We hope you spend some time looking around our site and learning more about this special relationship.


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Octavo of the
Month (5th in a series)
Mike Walag, Iowa High School R&S Chair
Konkan Songs
1. Lo Lo Re Babu
2. A Konkan Boat Song
of Western India
arr. Victor Paranjoti
Medium Difficulty
These two pieces rise from the unique musical traditions of the Konkan, a region of Western India between the Arabian Sea and the Sahyadri Range. The area is noted for it unique fusion of European culture with the native traditions of India.
Victor Paranjoti was a noted conductor/composer of Indian music from the early part of the twentieth century. He was a key figure in the development of Indian choral music, combining elements of Western classical music with the folk music of India.
The first piece in this set is a lullaby that contrasts the noises of the street with the homophonic lullaby sung behind closed doors. It alternates rhythmically between a _ and a 6/8 feeling. The melody drives the harmonic rhythm, with the baritones having a large share of the melody line and some very nicely controlled dynamic contrasts. There is divisii in the soprano and tenor parts.
The Boat Song incorporates more elements of Western music. One can imagine it being sung by the fishermen as they rowed. It incorporates bass, tenor and soprano soloists over a drone from the chorus and shifting metrical stresses.
Neither of these pieces is difficult, except for the language. A pronunciation CD is available from the publisher.


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- 955
- people in the U.S. have this name View Tammy Scott on Whitepages
Meaning & Origins
Pet form of Tamara and Tamsin, also used as an independent given name.
|124th in the U.S.
English: ethnic name for someone with Scottish connections.
|35th in the U.S.
Nicknames & variations
Tammie, Tammi, Tammye, Tammey, Tamme, Tamma, Tamm, Tammee, Tammia, Tanya
Scotti, Scotto, Scotland, Scotton, Scotten, Shott, Scot, Szot, Scutt, Scotch


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|Woburn, Mass.
|High School:
|Woburn Memorial
2010: Competed in the 800 and 1,500, with a season-best time in the 800 (2:01.14) ... finished with a time of 2:37.68 in the 1,000 at the Boston University Valentine Invitational ... named to the Patriot League Academic Honor Roll.
2009: Top Holy Cross finisher in the 1,500 at the Patriot League Outdoor Championship with a time of 4:03.64 ... finished the 1,000 with a time of 2:39.13 at the Reebok Indoor Games ... ran a personal-best time of 2:01.70 in the 800 at URI ... named to the Patriot League Academic Honor Roll.
2008: Ran the 1,500 in 4:35.38 at the Husky Spring Open ... ran a personal-best time of 4:25.55 in the 1,500 at the UNH Wildcat Invite ... recorded a time of 2:06.77 in the 800 at the Yale Invite.
Before Holy Cross: Three-year varsity member of the Woburn Memorial H.S. cross country and track teams ... served as team captain as a senior ... received the Most Dedicated Award his sophomore and senior years ... named team MVP as a junior ... League champion his senior year ... named a Middlesex League All-Star in his junior and senior years ... member of school record-setting relay teams in the 4x1-mile run (18:54) and the 4x400 (3:21) … earned the Excalibur Science Award in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 … member of National Honor Society, French Honor Society and Journalism Honor Society.
Personal: Son of James and Linda Fletcher … has two sisters (Lauren and Kristen) … double majoring in English ... also a member of the Holy Cross cross country team.


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Gear Review
Sick Sound
Wow. I hate ear buds. So, I got a pair of skull candy Icon 2's for snowboarding in. They rock for that, but for just listening to music on my computer they suck. So, I got these. They rock. They have excellent sound. They can pump out the bass, but also have great treble as well. Well rounded sound. The Cord length in the description is a little off... its like 18 inches and a 3 foot extension, not 11.5 ft extension. BUT THESE TOTALLY BLOW AWAY ALL OTHER HEADPHONES FOR THE PRICE!!
View More Details on WeSC Bongo Headphones


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To register for any class, we must receive full payment in advance. You can do this easily on-line (with paypal or credit card) through our calendar, over the telephone, or in person at The Culinary Studio. All pricing is per person, unless otherwise noted.
In order to keep our classes comfortable and to preserve our chef to student ratio, our cancellation policy is as follows: 5 days notice, via email or telephone, is required for cancellation of any class. In the event of short or no notice, you will be charged in full for the class, however, you may send someone in your place.
In the event that you have a gift certificate, please call us or email us with your gift certificate number, and let us know which class you would like to attend. 519.496.5595


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The Hoops captain has been sidelined since Febuary with an abductor problem, but has confirmed he is targeting the Hampden final.
This will be a boost for Neil Lennon's side who will be missing Victor Wanyama and Beram Kayal through suspension.
"I'm still a wee bit from training with the first team but, if everything goes well, hopefully I'll be back for the cup final," Brown said.
"That's my target but it will be touch and go. It's going to be hard to get some game time in before it as well.
"I'm feeling quite good, I've been back running.
"It's been four weeks since the operation now and I will take things slowly.
"I know we have a couple of lads out, but we have a big squad that can deal with that.
"It will be the manager's decision. He will see me in training in the weeks leading up to it.
"I would need to be honest as it would take a place away from someone who is 100 per cent fit, especially with me not playing in so long.
"So the next couple of weeks will be huge for me to see if I can make that push for the cup final."


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Girl Scouts of Taiwan
Girl Guiding/Girl Scouting introduced: 1919
Number of Girl Guides/Girl Scouts: 17436 (31/12/2012)
Status: Full Member
Admits boys: No
WAGGGS Region:
Asia Pacific
Contact us
Chief Commissioner
No. 28, Lane 23, Jianguo N. Rd.,
Sec. 1
Telephone: 00 886227771714
Fax: 00 886227771674
Email: email@example.com
Website: www.gstaiwan.org
Click here to view additional information on this organisation
Nuoh Yan
Pyng Woo de jen Cheing Woo Yuann duey Shang Tsang her Woo de Gwo jia Jinn Woo de been fenn Woo Yuann Swei Shyr bang juh ta ren Woo Yuann tzuen Shoou Neu torng jiun Guei liuh.
Girl Scout Promise
On my honour, I promise that I will do my best:
To do my duty to God and my country,
To help other people at all times,
To obey the Girl Scout Law.
Brownie Scout Promise
I promise to do my best:
To do my duty to God and my country,
To help other people every day, especially those at home.
Neu torng jiun Guei liuh
1 Neu torng jiun de rong Yuh Shyh Show ren Shinn Lay de.
2 Neu torng jiun Shyh jong Shin de.
3 Neu torng jiun Shyh juh ren de.
4 Neu torng jiun Shyh Yi Chieh ren de Perng Yeou Shyh Meei Wey Neu torn jiun de tzyy Mey.
5 Neu torng jiun Shyh Chian Gong de.
6 Neu torng jiun Shyh Ay huh dong Wuhn de.
7 Neu torng jiun Shyh fwu tsorng de.
8 Neu torng jiun Shyh Kuay leh de.
9 Neu torng jiun Shyh Chyn jean de.
10 Neu torng jiun de Sy Sheang Yan Yeu jui Shyng dong Shyh dong Shyh Chwen jye de.
Girl Scout Law
1 A Girl Scout's honour is to be trusted.
2 A Girl Scout is loyal.
3 A Girl Scout's duty is to be useful and helpful to others.
4 A Girl Scout is a friend to all and a sister to every other Girl Scout.
5 A Girl Scout is courteous.
6 A Girl Scout is a friend to animals.
7 A Girl Scout obeys orders.
8 A Girl Scout smiles and sings under all difficulties.
9 A Girl Scout is thrifty.
10 A Girl Scout is pure in thought, in word and in deed
Brownie Scout Law
A Brownie gives in to the older folk.
A Brownie does not give in to herself.
Joen bey
ryh Shyng Yi Shann
ren Sheng Yii Fwu Wuh Wei Muh dih
Girl Scout Motto
Be Prepared
Do a good turn daily
The greatest aim in life is to serve.
Brownie Scout Motto
Lend a Hand
Age groups:
Huey-Chi Scout 23+
Senior Girl Scout 17-21
Ranger Girl Scout 15-17
Girl Scout 11-15
Brownie Scout 7-11
Development of the movement:
The first Girl Scout troop was organized in Shanghai, China in 1919. At that time it was known as the Boy Scouts of China. The Scout badge was worn by both Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts with no independent section for Girl Scouts. During the war years, 1939 to 1945, the Girl Scouts performed outstanding service, helping in hospitals and schools.
When the political situation changed, the Association was moved from mainland China to Taiwan with the Government. It was felt that there was a need to organize a single organization for Girl Scouts. The Chinese Girl Scouts Planning and Training Committee was set up in 1952, and the Girl Scouts Association was formally established on 1 June 1958. The date of 1 June was declared 'Chinese Girl Scouts' Day'. Today, the Girl Scouts in Taiwan enjoy the support and encouragement of the Government.
The programme is based on the fundamental principle and aims of Girl Guiding/Scouting of WAGGGS. It also focuses on the Chinese five educational themes – moral, physical, intellectual, group and beauty – and self-training for development both physically and mentally to achieve full potential and become responsible citizens in the future. The programme handbook is amended and reviewed to keep it up to date.
Relationship to society:
Girls take part in community service projects and co-operate with the Scout Association, women's and charity organizations, in projects on woman-child safety, summer camps, anti-drug abuse, health and environment conservation. As well as organizing mother scout troop, the Association aims to recruit female members who are interested in service to Girl Scouts.
In 2001, the Public Relation Committee was set up to promote the Movement and keep the public informed of Girl Scout activities.
The Association is now running a national fundraising scheme to meet the cost of building a new Girl Scouts Activities Centre, with a target of NT$50million (US$143 million) to be collected by 2002. The new building will be opened in June 2002.
Communication and Co-operation
The Association's periodical newsletter is circulated to all local troops and leaders.
In co-operation with the WAGGGS initiative, Building World Citizenship, the Association choose Peace as a work area for 1997-2003 aimed at creating practical peace activities, and strengthening mutual respect and understanding through the world. The Association is also involved with other Asia Pacific Round Robin cluster member countries, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and the Philippines. A joint event, carried out through exchange programmes, focuses on international education and leaders' training. The Association hosted the 1st Asia Pacific International Leadership Training in Taiwan in 2000.
Training for Girl Scouts and Adult Leaders are regularly conducted every year at all levels – basic, intermediate, camping and advanced – by the district and national organizations. Trainers' training especially is a priority for the Association. The training committee is responsible for plans, reviews training programme material, organizes training courses and supervises the district training sessions.
In addition, the Association conducts on-the-job training sessions and leadership trainings for leaders and trainers and workshops on special courses such as finance, adventure projects, women's issues, etc.
Outdoor and Environmental Activities
Camp and outdoors are the most popular activities in Taiwan. Provincial and district camps are often held for all age groups, and some special programmes such as proficiency badge tests, fire fighting, handicrafts, bird watching and environmental conservation, etc, are included to develop awareness and knowledge of the outdoors. Every summer, international gatherings, cultural exchanges, visits and events are attended whenever possible.
- Taiwan Runs Adolescent Hiv and Aids Curriculum
- Update on Workshop and Camp Run By Taiwan
- Seminar on Development of Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting In the 21st Century
- Thinking Day Celebration
- Taiwan Holds Adolescent Hiv and Aids Curriculums
- Juvenile Leadership Camp Held
- Taiwan Holds Exploration Camp
- Exploration Camp
- Taiwan runs adolescent Hiv/Aids Curriculum Event
- Aids Badge Curriculum