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The Internet should add convenience, not headaches. From step-by-step instructions to helpful tips, we'll help you install your equipment, troubleshoot problems, and get the most out of your online experience – minus the migraine.
Managing Windows 8 Internet Connection Settings
Last Updated: Mon, 08 Jun 2015 > Related Articles
Learn the steps to access the Internet connections settings and reset your IP address in Windows 8.
Windows 8 operating system is much different than previous versions but setting up an Internet connection is not that hard. Just follow the steps below. Before you begin, review these Windows 8 terms:
|Windows 8 Term
|Icon that represents a feature or function
|Charm bar
|Menu bar that houses the charms
|Windows key
|Keyboard key with the Microsoft wave logo on it
Viewing Internet Connection Details
Learn how to view details of your Internet connection.
- Move your cursor to the top right of the screen until the charm bar pops out on the right, as shown below highlighted in red.
- Click the Search charm.
On the Apps screen, press the Esc key to hide the Charm Bar. Click Control Panel under the Windows System section.
Click Network and Sharing Center.
Result: The available network connections display.
To view the network details for your network connection, use the following steps.
- Click the icon for your connection type next to Connections.
- Click the Details button.
Result: The Network Connection Details window displays.
Reset TCP/IP
Use the steps below to reset TCP/IP on Windows 8.
Press the Windows + R keys on your keyboard from any screen.
Result: The Run window displays.
On the black screen next to where the cursor is flashing, choose one of the following then enter the information as directed. Do not use spaces.
- To view your IP address, enter ipconfig and press Enter. You will see the numbers and dots that represent your address.
- To release your IP address, enter ipconfig/release and press Enter
- To renew your IP address, enter ipconfig/renew and press Enter
When finished, click the X in the upper right corner to close the black screen.
Need More Help?
- Get Help Via Chat
- Send An Email To Cox.com
- Join the Discussion Support Forums
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F650GS & F650GS Dakar, '04-'07
Mefo Explorer, Dual-Sport, Front 19 inch, Size 100/90-19 or 3.50-19, 50% Street / 50% Dirt, 54T, Tubeless Bias Ply TireThis MFE 99 Explorer-19 is a DOT-approved front tire with a load and speed rating of 54T. It can be used as a tubeless or tube-type tire. Learn More$117.95
Heidenau K60 Scout, Dual-Sport, Front 19 inch, Size 100/90-19, 50% Street / 50% Dirt, 57H, Tubeless Bias Ply Tire
The Heidenau K60 Scout is the perfect blend of on and off road capability. Offering longevity on pavement and grip off-road where it really matters. The center on the 100/90-19 consists of large rubber lugs that provides straight tracking on the pavement. The area between the lugs is quite substantial allowing mud, dirt, sand and gravel to freely pass without turning the tire into a slick.Learn More$144.00 $110.60
Mitas E-07 Dakar, Dual-Sport, Front 19 inch, Size 100/90-19, 50% Street / 50% Dirt, 57T, Tubeless Bias Ply TireWith cross-ply construction and a chevron tread pattern that grips both pavement and the roughest terrain, the Mitas E-07 offers the long wear and durability needed for long cross country as well as backwoods adventures. The Dakar version is constructed with thicker sidewalls for greater puncture resistance. Learn More$137.95
Mitas E-09 Dakar, Dual-Sport, Front 19 inch, Size 100/90-19, 20% Street / 80% Dirt, 57T, Tubeless Bias Ply Tire
With an aggressive knob pattern and cross-ply construction, the Mitas E-09 provides carnivorous traction in difficult terrain with long wear on necessary blacktop. The Dakar version is constructed with thicker sidewalls for greater puncture resistance.
Hear what our customers have to say:
Where I ride (loose shale and clay, or deep desert sand) the E-09 makes short work of it. Offers good drive and braking. Clears the tread well. Versus the E 07, which packed full of clay and was terrifying within the first kilometer, the E 09 got me down the same hill the next winter with no worries. - Jdeks | ADVriderLearn More$123.95
Continental Twinduro TKC80, Dual-Sport, Front 19 inch, Size 100/90-19, 40% Street / 60% Dirt, 57S, Tube Type Bias Ply TireConti Twinduro tires fit many supermoto, adventure and dual sport bikes. The compound and block tread pattern delivers excellent braking and traction on a wide variety of surfaces, and provide good self-cleaning properties while maintaining high cornering stability on soft terrain. Learn More$168.95
Avon Distanzia, Dual-Sport, Front 19 inch, Size 100/90-19, 90% Street / 10% Dirt, 57H, Tubeless Bias Ply TireAvon Distanzia tires fit many supermoto and large dual sport bikes and provide a rugged tread pattern, excellent wet and dry road holding, and long tread life. Designed for the street rider that likes to take the occasional dirt road detour. Learn More$162.47 $121.44

subset: commoncrawl


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Maggie Ruckenbrod
April 7, 2014
The University of Louisville softball team will play host to Evansville in a single game Tuesday at 6 p.m. at Ulmer Stadium. Admission is free.
Louisville Softball Quick Hits
The Cardinals enter Tuesday's game with a 23-15 overall record. UofL is coming off of a three-game sweep of No. 25 USF last weekend.
The Cards are led offensively by senior second baseman Katie Keller who is batting .395 with 34 runs and 22 RBI. Junior Kelsi Jones has belted out a team-best seven home runs and has 25 RBIs on the season. Fellow junior Brittany Duncan has five home runs and is tied with Jones with a team-high 25 RBIs.
Louisville is hitting .298 as a team with six players boasting batting averages above .300.
Freshman Maryssa Becker (10-3) has a 1.85 ERA and 96 strikeouts in 98.1 innings while holding opponents to a .208 batting average.
Becker is the current American Athletic Conference Pitcher of the Week for the second straight week, while Keller is the league Player of the Week for the second time this season.
Head coach Sandy Pearsall is in her 15th season at UofL. She started the program in 2000 and is the only head coach in UofL Softball history, guiding the program to a 576-289 record.
Last Up
The Cardinals snapped a season-high four-game losing streak to sweep No. 25 South Florida in a three-game American Athletic Conference series.
Louisville 5 - USF 1
Katie Keller was 2 for 4 with a three-run homer and Maryssa Becker struck out eight in a complete-game effort as the Cards defeated No. 25 USF 5-1.
Louisville 3 - USF 0
The Cardinals took an early 1-0 lead in the first and added a pair of insurance runs in the fifth en route to a 3-0 win in the nightcap of the doubleheader. Rachel LeCoq got the win, holding the Bulls scoreless on four hits and striking out two in 4.2 innings of relief. Starting pitcher Caralisa Connell combined on the shutout giving up three hits and striking out three in 2.1 innings. Jones was 2 for 4 with two runs while Keller was 2 for 3 with an RBI to pace the Cards offensively.
Louisville 3 - USF 1
The University of Louisville softball team scored three-runs in the top of seventh to overcome a 1-0 deficit and defeat No. 25 USF 3-1 to complete a three-game sweep of the host Bulls Sunday afternoon. The Cardinals improve to 23-15 and 5-4 in American Athletic Conference play. Becker got the win, allowing one unearned run on four hits and striking out seven in a complete-game effort. Arion was 3 for 4 with a run and an RBI while Keller was 2 for 3 to lead the Cards at the plate.
Up Next
The Cardinals will return to American Athletic Conference play this weekend when Connecticut visits Ulmer Stadium for a three-game series April 12-13. Admission is free.
Becker and Keller Sweep American Weekly Honors
The University of Louisville swept American Athletic Conference softball honors with freshman pitcher Maryssa Becker picking up her second-straight Pitcher of the Week honor and senior Katie Keller being named Player of the Week for the second time this season on April 7.
The Cardinals posted a 3-1 week against two top-25 opponents, sweeping No. 25 USF in conference play to rise to 23-15 overall and 5-4 in league play.
Becker earned two of her teams' wins over USF in the circle, with both serving as complete games. Between those two games, she scattered only two hits versus The American's hottest offense, with only one earned run as a result. During Sunday's 3-1 win over the Bulls, Becker retired 13 straight batters in a stretch between the third and sixth innings. Despite the Cards falling to No. 12/12 Kentucky on April 2, she allowed only five hits and one earned run. On the week, Becker posted 18 innings of work, allowing only four runs while fanning 17 for an impressive 0.78 ERA. Keller went 6-for-12 on the week, recording two hits in all three games against the Bulls. Her resume at the plate included a double in both Saturday's second game and Sunday's contest, and a three-run homer in the top of the seventh in Saturday's first game to seal the win for the Cardinals. She totaled four RBIs on the weekend while scoring two runs. On the season, Keller paces Louisville with a .395 average, 34 runs scored, a .517 on-base percentage and 13 doubles.
Keller selected as a Top Ten Finalist for the 2014 Senior CLASS Award® for Softball
Katie Keller was selected as one of ten finalists for the 2014 Senior CLASS Award for softball.
Fans are encouraged to vote on the Senior CLASS Award Website through May 12. Fan votes will be combined with media and Division I head coaches' votes to determine the winner. The Senior CLASS Award winner will be announced during the 2014 NCAA Women's College World Series® in Oklahoma City May 29 through June 4.
Keller, a senior second baseman from Livermore, Calif., is the first player in program history to be selected as a finalist for the award. The four-year starter is a 2013 All-America second team, two-time All-Great Lakes Region and three-time all-conference selection. She was named to the 2014 Top 50 Watch List for USA Softball's Player of the Year and was a Top 25 Finalist last season.
The communications major has been named to the Athletic Director's honor roll (3.0 or higher for the semester) three times and was a member of the Dean's List. Following her junior season, when she earned All-America honors on the field, she was also selected to the BIG EAST All-Academic Team.
Finalists were chosen by national media from the list of 30 candidates announced in February. Nationwide fan voting begins immediately to help select the winner.
New neighborhood, familiar faces
Louisville will be competing in the American Athletic Conference for the 2014 season. This will mark the league's inaugural season, but the Cards will face some familiar opponents.
The Cardinals played in the BIG EAST from 2006-2013, during that time, they won two regular season titles and two conference tournaments. League opponents included current American members: USF, Connecticut, and Rutgers.
Prior to moving to the BIG EAST, the Cardinals spent six seasons in Conference USA where they won 2005 regular season title. UofL was one of seven teams to play in the league's first season of softball. USF was another founding member of C-USA softball and Houston joined the league the following season (2001).
Becker Tosses First Career No-Hitter
On March 19, freshman Maryssa Becker struck out five en route to her first career no-hitter as the Cards defeated host Western Kentucky 3-0. The no-no was Louisville's first since April 15, 2012 when Tori Collins posted her second consecutive one against Longwood.
Ruckenbrod on Patrol
Senior catcher Maggie Ruckenbrod has thrown out 15 of 29 would-be base stealers. She currently has thrown out 55 in her career, placing her second on the school's all-time list behind current softball director of operations Lisa (McMillan) Pinkston who owns the record with 60. Additionally, Ruckenbrod has picked off two runners this season. She owns the school record for pickoffs in a game (three), season (11 in 2011) and career (28).
Cards Set School Record for Runs in a Game
Louisville 22- Ohio University 4 (5 innings)
On March 9, the Cardinals defeated Ohio University 22-4 at Ulmer Stadium, setting a program record for runs in a game.The previous record was 18 set against Saint Louis on April 24, 2005. Highlights from the game included:
Every starter in the lineup had at least one hit as the Cards pounded out a season-high 18 hits
Senior Taner Fowler and junior Brittany Duncan each tied a school record for runs in a game with four.
Senior Hannah Kiyohara had a career-high five RBIs to combine with a season-best 3 for 4 performance at the plate.
Power Surge
Junior transfers Kelsi Jones (Missouri) and Brittany Duncan (Valparaiso) have been welcome additions to a team which set a program record for home runs with 63 in 2013. Jones leads the team with seven and Duncan follows closely with five to account for 12 of the Cardinals' 27 round-trippers on the season.


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On Stage: Women of All Ages Opens at UT June 13
Photographs feature women in Tampa Bay's performing arts community
Published: Jun 3, 2014
On Stage: Women of All Ages
, an exhibition of the performance photography of Tampa-based photographer Jim Lennon, will be on view at The University of Tampa Scarfone/Hartley Gallery June 13–July 3. There will be an opening reception on Friday, June 13, from 7–9 p.m.
For more than 20 years, Lennon has captured the spirit of Tampa Bay's performing arts community through his images. Dancers leap. Singers enchant. Actors captivate. With the click of a shutter, a performer's triumph is frozen in time.
On Stage: Women of all Ages
is a collection of magical moments from the performances of incredibly gifted women," said Lennon.
The exhibition features more than 50 color photographs of women of all ages during peak moments of live performances. A partial list includes young ballerinas, centenarian organist Rosa Rio and a host of others in between — Florida Orchestra musicians, opera singers, blues singers, ballet and modern dancers, African dancers, singers, actors, artists, clowns, bodybuilders and more.
"My goal is to celebrate and preserve the achievements of the individuals and groups pictured," said Lennon. "The exhilarating moments of peak performance that performers experience are fleeting. My desire is to record and preserves these triumphs of skill, vision and determination."
Lennon is an adjunct professor at The University of Tampa and an award-winning author and photographer whose work appears in national magazines and books.
Lennon was able to capture the images in
Women of all Ages
thanks in part to a 2009 grant from the Arts Council of Hillsborough County, and the printing of them for this exhibit was made possible in part through a 2014 grant from the council.
Women of all Ages
appears in conjunction with UT Professor of Dance Susan Taylor Lennon's performances of her one-woman show
Aging in Time: A Moving Memoir
, which revolves around the experience of getting old(er). Performances will take place at the gallery at 8 p.m. on June 20, 21, 27 and 28, plus a matinee at 2 p.m. on June 28
Programs are made possible with the support of the Arts Council of Hillsborough County, the Hillsborough County Board of County Commissioners and The University of Tampa Friends of the Gallery.
The gallery is located on campus at the R. K. Bailey Art Studios at 310 N. Blvd. Gallery hours are 10 to 3 p.m., Tuesday through Friday and 1 to 4 p.m. Saturday. There is no charge for admission.
For more information contact Lennon at
or (813) 837-3594, or Dorothy Cowden, gallery director, at
or (813) 253-6217.
Mobile Site
401 W. Kennedy Blvd.
Tampa, FL 33606-1490
(813) 253-3333
© The University of Tampa


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Seattle Real Estate
Seattle Real Estate covers the goings-on of the local real estate market including residential news, commercial happenings, and property management trends.
Posts filtered on Category
Capitol Hill Single Family Making Room For Row Homes
There has been a surplus of rowhomes and townhomes planned and in development in the Capitol Hill neighborhood recently, and one of the larger projects planned happens to be taking residence in place of one of the oldest known single family homes in the neighborhood. The house (or what is left of one) located at […] [Read More]
Bullitt Center's Green Amenities include Composting Toilets
With the Bullitt Center's construction coming together on 15th Ave & East Madison Street, and the building projected to be the greenest, most energy efficient commercial building in the world, many of us are interested in learning more about what uber green amenities the building will have installed to reach their goal of meeting the […] [Read More]
Inside Deep Green Building Stone34
Developer Skanska USA has been busily working towards plans to create what will be one of the greenest buildings in Seattle under the City's Living Building Pilot Program (now the Deep Green Pilot Program), based on the "Living Building Challenge," a program dedicated to building the most eco-friendly structures possible, which also allows developers meeting […] [Read More]
The Cost of Building Green
In the city of Seattle, it isn't uncommon these days to see new commercial and residential buildings advertised with LEED certification, sustainably recycled lumber products, low-VOC paint and other green building products utilized. Within the past few years even, we've gone from learning about the new green methods to practically expecting them in new projects. […] [Read More]


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Palliative care is specialized medical care for people with serious illnesses. This type of care is focused on providing patients with relief from the symptoms, pain, and stress of a serious illness—whatever the diagnosis. The goal is to improve quality of life for both the patient and the family.
Who would benefit from Palliative Care?
People who are suffering from chronic, debilitating or life-threatening illnesses. Palliative care is appropriate at any age and at any stage in a serious illness, and can be provided together with curative treatment.
Why should we offer Palliative Care to our patients?
- Palliative care helps to provide the best possible quality of life for a patient and their family.
- Palliative care helps patients and families manage the pain, symptoms, and stress of serious illness.
- Palliative care is a partnership of patient, medical specialists, and family.
- Palliative care provides an extra layer of support for families and patients with serious illness.
What types of services are offered by a Palliative Medicine Service Team?
Symptom management
Who are the members of the Palliative Medicine Service Team?
Palliative care is provided by a team of doctors, nurses, and other specialists who work with a patient's other doctors to provide an extra layer of support.
How do I contact the Palliative Medicine Service Team?
Please call 248-652-5000


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Alice Peck Day News Archive for December 2010
Alice Peck Day Health Systems Elects Board Member
December 10, 2010 - Lebanon resident Shelly Moses was elected to the board of trustees at the Alice Peck Day Health Systems annual incorporators meeting on December 8. Moses is an administrative coordinator at Second Growth in Wilder, VT, a nonprofit social-service agency that works to reduce the risk for adolescent substance abuse and violence.
Alice Peck Day Auxiliary Celebrates the Holiday Season
December 14, 2010 - The Alice Peck Day Memorial Hospital Auxiliary is hosting their thirteenth annual "Celebration of Lights" to remember and honor those special to the APD Memorial Hospital family.
Rita Conley Joins APD as Coding Advisor
December 10, 2010 - Alice Peck Day Memorial Hospital is pleased to announce the arrival of Rita Conley as Coding Advisor.


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The following applications and forms are used in applying for Medical Assistance if you are an adult with a disability or if you are over 65 years old and do not qualify for Medicare. Please use the RIte Care/RIte Share Application for families with children under age 19.
To apply, please call your local DHS Office. A DHS worker will help you complete the application and answer your questions about Medical Assistance.


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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by Anonymous on 08/30/2009
I have been coming here since it opened and I keep coming back.
Posted by kamade on 08/29/2009
I have been eating there many times...and most of the time, the food is just great.... I just went again tonight, but the food was a bit different... For example, the sauce of the mussels tasted different, tasted less wine...the skirt steak, we ordered 2, and both of them were over cooked...and the bread pudding didn't come with ice cream... Even with those small flaws, this place is still a good choice...with friends, with date, with family...
Posted by anonymous on 08/23/2009
I love this pace. Everything on the menu that i have tried so far has been great and there is a good variety. The staff are friendly and fun, the crowd ranges from quirky locals to doctors and nurses, all having a good time. Delivery is quick and it is very good value for money. you can go with friends, a date or a good book and enjoy yourself.
Posted by Anonymous on 08/14/2009
Well rounded menu with not a single down item. Great food and great people... I've become a frequent diner.
Posted by Emily on 07/29/2009
because there are so many different types of people old, young, hip, stuffy, families, dates etc all in one restaurant having a good time. The atmosphere is very friendly and neighborhoody not to mention that the food is really good, fresh, tasty and priced really well. it's probably one of the most recession friendly nice restaurants I know.
Posted by Samantha on 07/07/2009
I have gone there now every time I have an art class. My husband and I celebrated our wedding anniversary there tonight. I love everything I order. Everything is delicious and fresh. We are treated beautifully on every occasion. This place is a must!
Posted by Anonymous on 07/05/2009
The location is out of the way, but we live in the neighborhood so we go for brunch all the time. We've never been disappointed. The portions are normal-sized, which is to say smaller than you might normally get anywhere else in NYC - well except at a French restaurant. We love the mix of Israeli and other middle-eastern foods here. It's authentic, and the service staff is nice, albeit a little distracted at times.


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Northwestern Traditions
There are people who will tell you that campus traditions say a lot about a school. Fight songs, mascots, and landmarks, they explain, are keys to the personality of a university. What, then, do a boulder, an armadillo, and marshmallows say about Northwestern?
The Rock
The Rock is one of Northwestern's best-known landmarks, a huge chunk of stone set in a plaza in the middle of campus. Painting the Rock with colorful (in both senses of the word) slogans is perhaps Northwestern's best-known tradition. But even before the first permanent coat of pigment was slapped on in 1957, the campus landmark was more than a lopsided block of stone. The purple-and-white quartzite boulder dates from hundreds of millions of years ago and was transplanted from Devil's Lake, Wisconsin as a gift of the class of 1902. Now, students must "guard" the Rock for 24 hours before they have the privilege of painting it. View the Rock for yourself via the Rock WildCam.
Sporting Traditions
Football and band traditions are some of the oldest at the University. Northwestern's first band, The University Concert Band, was organized in 1887 and first performed the fight song "Go! U Northwestern" 25 years later. When "Royal Purple" become the official school color in 1892, the football team became the Northwestern Purple. (The team was also known as the "Fighting Methodists" for a time in reference to the religious denomination of the University's founders.)
The football team didn't become the Wildcats until the 1930s, when they adopted that name from a newspaper article that ran a decade earlier. A Chicago Tribune reporter had written in 1924 that even in a loss to the University of Chicago Maroons, the Northwestern football players looked like "Wildcats [that] had come down from Evanston." The team's first mascot was not Willie the Wildcat (as the current mascot is known), but a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo name Furpaw. In fall 1923, Furpaw was driven to the playing field to greet fans before each game. However, after a losing season, the team decided Furpaw was the harbinger of bad luck and banished him from campus.
Victories by the football team are celebrated by lighting the face of the clock tower on south campus in Northwestern purple. Occasionally, the feats of other University athletic squads are recognized with the same honor. When the women's lacrosse team captured its third consecutive national championship in 2007, the clock tower glowed purple for an entire week.
Mayfest and Dillo Day
The roots of Northwestern's end-of-the-year celebration, Mayfest, reach back to the 1890s, when students would celebrate the "renunciation of the May Queen of the temporal world for a spiritual one," according to a 1951 history of the event. Although little is known about the early days, May Day, or May Fete, was originally a celebration of the women of Northwestern. The crowning of the May Queen was the central event, and the pomp included a Maypole dance and cotillion. May Day expanded to May Week in 1946 to accommodate a women's sing, men's sing, and an honors ceremony.
Nowadays, Mayfest is a weeklong celebration capped by a more recent tradition, Armadillo Day. In 1972, Northwestern students from Texas held a small celebration in honor of the armadillo. More than 25 years later, 'Dillo Day is the culmination of Mayfest and an all-day Saturday event on the lakefront with bands, games, and vendors.
Primal Scream
The roots of several more recent traditions are something of a mystery. No one knows what started Primal Scream, the thrice-yearly tradition of students screaming bloody murder at 9 p.m. the Sunday before finals week. The howl emanating from campus housing before students dive into the most stressful week of the quarter can be heard all over campus.
Whether or not their roots can be traced, Northwestern traditions reflect the history of the school and no doubt frame the future.


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Actor James Franco, director Sam Raimi, actress Mila Kunis and others talk about making "Oz: The Great and Powerful," opening Friday.
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FLORENCE, Ariz. (AP) — A jail inmate in Arizona is hospitalized after authorities say he pulled one of his eyeballs out of its socket. Full Story
'Downton Abbey' to get a float in the 2016 Rose Bowl parade
BEVERLY HILLS, Calif. (AP) — Maggie Smith's character on "Downton Abbey" might find the pomp and circumstance uncomfortable, but the PBS show is getting its own float in the Rose Parade, two days before the premiere of its sixth and final season on Jan. Full Story
J.J. Abrams broke his back filming 'Star Wars'
The 'Star Wars: Episode VII -- The Force Awakens' director reveals to Jon Stewart how the Millennium Falcon door that injured Harrison Ford on set also broke Abrams' back.


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Overall presentation of ERTMS ERTMS European Rail Transport Management System Regional
The basic aim for the ERTMS REGIONAL concept is to enable cost saving solutions for signalling on regional and local lines when renewing or introducing signalling equipment on such lines. The ERTMS REGIONAL concept and idea is a trackside development of specifications and systems based on the interoperable and standardised communication with the rolling stock over the air gap specified and referred to in the CCS TSI TSI Technical Specifications for Interoperability specifications. Interoperability and Intraoperability with the ERTMS onboard equipment is thereby ensured and countries who e.g. would like to use the rolling stock on TEN lines as well as on Regional lines can operate this way. The basic principle of such different kind of lines is schematically shown below.
The need for train operation with mixed rolling stock on the TEN lines as well as on the national conventional main- and secondary lines as shown in figure 1 has been underlined by the rail administrations in their answers on a questionnaire issued by the originally UIC ETCS ETCS European Train Control System -LC now ERTMS REGIONAL project.
Below the blue colour indicates that specifications applicable for the high speed and the TEN networks are covered by the EU directives & the TSI CCS specifications.
The more traction units are equipped with ERTMS on board systems, the more the railways will wish to use same concept on all their lines. However, the trackside equipment standard of the main lines ( especially train detection systems) will be too expensive and even economically not feasible for the secondary lines. Using the same on board system as on main lines, ERTMS REGIONAL provides a solution which allows a significant reduction of trackside investments for those lines. Over and above, this approach also allows a smooth changeover from secondary lines to main lines as it is only a level change within the same system (for example secondary lines connected to main line stations)
The different type of rail operation
Figure 1
Vehicles equipped with onboard ERTMS system (ETCS and GSM-R GSM-R Global System for Mobile Communications-Railways ) shall be operable according to figure 1 on TEN-lines (blue area)- as well as on national conventional lines (green GREEN GREen heavy duty ENgine area). Therefore the ERTMS REGIONAL is basically a trackside development by means of a centralised control, using the GSM-R system to operate the relevant objects (points, level crossings, key locks, shunting areas etc) in the infrastructure. In the centre itself called TCC (Traffic Control Centre) the RBC (Radio Block Centre), CTC (Centralised Traffic Control) and the interlocking functions are integrated. A calculation has shown that ERTMS REGIONAL could allow cost savings in the range of 20 – 35 % for the operation of regional lines compared to the existing signalling equipment.
A typical application scenario for an introduction of the ERTMS REGIONAL concept could e.g. be the need to exchange old fashioned, even mechanical interlockings where local dispatching is required in the today's operation at each station, to an ERTMS REGIONAL concept which facilitates the introduction of remote controlled functionality based on one or two dispatchers per line.
ERTMS REGIONAL concept and benefits
The basic structure of the ERTMS REGIONAL is shown in figure 2
The ERTMS Regional concept
Figure 2
The key features for ERTMS REGIONAL are as follows:
- Onboard standard Eurocab and air gap Eurobalise and GSM-R
- On board permanent check of train completeness by operational rules or by a technical device
- Trackside train detection devices as an option
- No lineside signals
Regional ERTMS is aimed to be an ETCS level 3 concept whereby the main characteristic aspect of level 3 is to use the onboard odometry for the train localisation. The check of train completeness can be solved more easily on regional lines than on main lines. Level 3 allows significant cost reductions because traditional means for train localisation in the track are no more necessary. The introduction of the GSM-R communication with object controllers in the infrastructure (points, level crossing etc) can reduce the amount of cables. Power supply to point machines is still needed.
ERTMS Regional benefits
The key points for the cost savings are as follows:
- Staff reduction in stations
- Less trackside equipment (e.g. no complete radio coverage)
- No lineside signals
- No traditional interlocking, integrated Interlocking/RBC/TMS with one data model
- Minimising cables by controlling elements via radio
- Track circuits and axle counters only for special locations
- Fall-back by Rules and Regulations
- Safety approach by considering a tolerable hazard rate
GSM-R Track side and ERTMS on boards are not contained in the calculation as it is considered to be a prerequisite.
Each interested Infrastructure manager should elaborate a dedicate business case for such a Regional application and compare it with the traditional signalling concept.


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Crock-Pot® 4-Quart Manual Slow Cooker, Black
Free Shipping on All Orders - Certain restrictions apply*Details
Offer only valid until 08/22/2015 11:59 PM. For full shipping terms and restrictions, please visit our FAQ. Free shipping offer is for orders shipped within the 48 continental United States automatically applied at checkout . Limited-time offer subject to change without notice. Applicable sales taxes apply. Excludes replacement parts.
There is an easier way to cook wholesome, home-made meals even when your schedule is full. The Crock-Pot® Manual Slow Cooker helps you create delicious meals and simplify your day.See More...
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Slow cooking in your Crock-Pot® Slow Cooker provides you the flexibility to prepare a meal early and then have it cook all day. You can carry out your full day's activities and still enjoy a nutritious, home-cooked meal in the evening. It's a healthier, more cost-efficient and convenient way to serve tasty, satisfying meals. This Crock-Pot® Manual Slow Cooker cooks on HIGH or LOW settings and the WARM setting can be used to keep your dish at an ideal serving temperature.
- Serves 4+ people
- 4-quart capacity
- HIGH/LOW cook settings
- Convenient WARM setting
- Removable oval stoneware
- Dishwasher-safe stoneware and glass lid
- Sleek, black exterior with black accents and plastic handles
- Recipes included
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Crock-Pot® 4-Quart Manual Slow Cooker, Black 171 171
Love it!!!! I love it!!! I have only used it twice since I purchased it. I made the Crack Chicken my family loved it...I did a 4.5lbs Boston Butt for the 4th...my sister couldn't believe it and tried to trade me her All-Clad 7qt...No way I am not lettig go of it... July 9, 2015
Pretty, and functional at the same time. Need a slow cooker that works as intended and looks great at the same time? This is it. No bells and whistles, but that's what I wanted - something simple - warm, low, high, and off. Although I have a larger slow cooker, I wanted something smaller and this one fits the bill nicely. The price was great and with free shipping, well, call me "sold!" Easy cleanup. I don't like a lot of stuff hanging out on the counters but this appliance looks great doing just that. A good value. Highly recommend. June 30, 2015
nice size this has become my go-to crock pot. I have been using it 2-3 times a week. Right now I am cooking a turkey breast in it, kraut and sausage two days ago, and chili the day before that. I love the smaller size and especially the removable crock. I received my first crock pot 40 years ago for a wedding gift ( remember the orange colored ones?) and just got rid of it because I wanted the removable crock. I am wishing I ordered a couple more for gifts. June 8, 2015
Love the design Love the crockpot. It's light my meals come out perfect. The ordering was quick & easy. Best purcase I have made! April 22, 2015
just gotta have I enjoy both the very large and this one the moderate sized crock-pot. I can fix wonderful meals that do not require the use of cooking oils thus reducing the fat and calories without loosing any of the flavors of the foods. It is truly versatile. April 22, 2015
Love, Love, Love Crock Pot and Have for years Thank you so much for your crock pots. I have a couple and I give them as gifts. Love that there are 3 quart sizes available for smaller meals and soups. Love the different compartments that are available. Love that you can take the inside crock part out and clean it easily. Hear that the liners are great for clean-up even though I have not used those. I look forward to more products. Barb April 6, 2015
This product is wonderful! It is the perfect size to cook anything from lil smokies to chicken fajita meat! Love my crock pot. Throw everything in and forget about it till dinner. February 26, 2015
cooks great!!! i love crock pot been a user for a long time so has my family It cooks great and looks great!! February 26, 2015


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The daunting politics facing Sally JewellFebruary 21,2013Here is some unsolicited advice for Sally Jewell, President Obamas surprise nominee to run the Interior Department. She should read her prospective bosss State of the Union address very carefully.
What she will find there is the strong suggestion that the public lands she will be asked to manage wisely and for all Americans serve one purpose only: to produce energy, whether oil or gas or solar or wind. The idea that these lands are also valuable as national parkland, as habitat for thousands of animal and plant species, or as sources of clean water, is nowhere mentioned in that speech.
By both commission and omission, the speech gave an inkling of a political reality that interior secretaries have faced over and over again: Conservation does not loom large in the White House, especially when the economy is sour. Bruce Babbitt, Bill Clintons interior secretary, has said he could hardly get a word in edgewise in the White House until Dick Morris, then the presidents chief pollster, showed up in 1994 with numbers showing that Republicans were killing themselves politically with their anti-environmental agenda. At which point Clinton became something of a born-again environmentalist.
Obama may experience a similar epiphany, making it easier for Jewell to tackle the difficult tasks and obligations that await the next interior secretary. The last Congress did not establish a single new acre of permanent wilderness. The president made almost no use of the Antiquities Act to establish new monuments. The current secretary, Ken Salazar, moved early to rescind George W. Bushs drill-now, drill-everywhere oil and gas policies, particularly in Alaska. But by last falls campaign, both he and Obama had begun to sound for all the world like Bush and Dick Cheney in their eagerness to please the fossil-fuel crowd.
As a businesswoman, Jewell is a break from the long line of Western politicians who have occupied the interior post. If she has no political baggage, she also has none of the political clout that a senator or governor would bring to the job. Which is one more reason that she will need the help of a president who so far has not shown much passion for the issues she will confront.
Robert B. Semple Jr. is a writer for The New York Times.MORE IN Election LettersA pattern of cutting corners, a patina of entitlement and inevitability, has led to this. Full Story
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day 1739, 'Richard Palmer' identified in prison at York Castle as the notorious outlaw DICK TURPIN; IN 1836, Battle of the Alamo begins near San Antonio de Bexar, Texas; 1896, the Tootsie Roll invented by LEO HIRSCHFELD.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1472, Orkney, Shetland islands put up as collateral by Norway to Scotland in lieu of dowry for MARGARET OF DENMARK on her marriage with JAMES III, king of Scotland; 1962, JOHN GLENN first American to orbit Earth.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: City mayoral candidates debate campaign issues; Hartford, Conn., woman still missing; Neal Goswami reports attempts to legislate suicide; local woman loses 100 pounds through TOPS program.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1878, JOHN TUNSTALL murdered near Lincoln, New Mexico, by the outlaw JESSE EVANS; in 1930, ELM FARM OLLIE first cow to fly in aircraft, first to be milked airborne; 1955, nuke test WASP; '79, snow in Sahara.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Rutland Herald News Editor Alan J. Keays and staff writer Gordon Dritschilo discuss stories planned for the February 18, 2015, edition of the newspaper: Winter budgets maxed, legal marijuana, Springfield bank job, USPS slowdown
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1249 AD, ANDRE of LONGJUMEAU is dispatched by LOUIS IX of France to meet the KHAGAN, ruler of the Mongol Empire; in 1804, during 1st Barbary War, STEPHEN DECATUR scuttles the pirate-held USS Philadelphia in Tripoli.


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Here's how RW members rated this race (509 votes).
In short: Fast paced fun flat race. In full: A very well organised race on a flat course consisting of three loops. This makes for a very fast race and a quick pace (achieved a 10K PB). Great atmosphere with a decent sized race pack but not too big. Decent swag too which was an unexpected surprise. Definitely signing up next year. Date of review: August 13, 2014
In short: Another excellent running of this great 10kIn full: My 8th appearance at this great 10k. Great atmosphere, well organised, and best of all free bagels and even a glass of wine at the end this year!Date of review: August 12, 2014
In short: Brilliant! Must do 10K.Date of review: August 12, 2014
Date of review: August 12, 2014
In short: Really good fun run Date of review: August 12, 2014
In short: Wonderful 10K, fun, friendly, well organised, something for everyoneIn full: Fantastically well organised 10k by London Frontrunners. Goes from strength to strength every year. Something for everyone, from beginners to elites. Very friendly, super fast course, great goody bag, loads of prizes, raffle, after party, bagels, showers, music. The perfect 10K!!Date of review: August 12, 2014
Date of review: August 11, 2014
In short: As always, well worth the trip into town.In full: Another great friendly run around the lovely flatness of Victoria Park. Slightly sad to note the demise of the infamous towel from the post run goody bag. Though the new 'man-bag' will undoubtedly find use :-)As always a fab atmosphere and fab post run bagels. I brought 4 newbies with me this year and with a batch of pbs in the group and several beers at the after party pub it proved a good day out for all.Looking forward to doing it all again next year :-)Date of review: August 11, 2014
In short: Excellent Race. Civilised start-time. Great crowd! :)Date of review: August 11, 2014
In short: Friendly, fun, fast and v. well organised.In full: Awesome event - great organisation. Field not too big, suitably for fun and serious runners, regular water stations (with enough water), enough loos, good post race snacks, lovely vibe, easy to get to, received my time by text before I got home....definately would run this again.Date of review: August 10, 2014
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A method is provided for secure transmission of a message via a network where a recipient of the message need not be a party to the network or maintain an active address in the network. Instead, new accounts are created dynamically by the system of the invention in response to a message addressed to an unknown user by sender who is a party to the network. In the operation of the method of the invention, messages from a network-party sender addressed to such an unknown user are deposited into a unique account created for the addressed recipient. That addressed recipient is notified via a non-network communication path that a message is stored and available to it at a network address, and is provided instructions for accessing that network address to retrieve its message.
1. A method for providing a secure transfer of data from a sender to a recipient, comprising the steps of:
transferring said data, including an address of at least one recipient, from said sender to a secure database server located in a network serving said sender;
upon said sender initiating a transfer of said data to said addressed recipient, causing an inquiry to be made as to whether said addressed recipient has an affiliation with said network;
upon a determination of no affiliation, causing said network to dynamically create an account for said addressed recipient, the account including a storage location and an identifier associating said addressed recipient with said storage location;
storing data addressed to said recipient in said storage location;
providing a notification to said addressed recipient of said addressed data being available at said secure database server; and
transferring said addressed data to said addressed recipient upon a request from said addressed recipient.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
providing account information in respect to said created account as part of said provided notification.
5. The method of
causing said request from said addressed recipient to be directed to said storage location assigned to said addressed recipient, from which said addressed data may be accessed; and
upon said addressed recipient accessing said addressed data at said assigned storage location, causing a notification of that occurrence to be provided to said sender.
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. A method for providing a secure transfer of data from a sender to a recipient, comprising the steps of:
transferring said data, including an address of at least one recipient, from said sender to a secure database server located in a network serving said sender;
causing said secure database server to create a storage location for said addressed recipient, when no storage location previously exists for said recipient;
causing said secure database server to place data addressed to said recipient into the storage location assigned to said addressed recipient;
associating said recipient with said storage location via an identifier;
providing a notification to said addressed recipient of said addressed data being available at said secure database server, along with access information corresponding to said identifier for retrieving said addressed data therefrom;
transferring said addressed data to said addressed recipient upon a request from said addressed recipient; and
maintaining said storage location and said identifier for subsequent data transfers.
13. The method of
causing said request from said addressed recipient to be directed to said storage location assigned to said addressed recipient, from which said addressed data may be accessed; and
upon said addressed recipient accessing said addressed data at said assigned storage location, causing a notification of that occurrence to be provided to said sender.
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. The method of
21. The method of
22. In a network, a method of data transfer comprising the steps of:
upon a sender request to transfer email from the sender to a recipient, determining if a storage location associated with the recipient exists in the network;
if no storage location associated with the recipient exists, automatically creating a unique email account for the recipient, the email account including a storage location and an identifier associating the recipient with the storage location;
storing the email in the storage location; and
maintaining said unique email account for subsequent data transfers.
23. The method of
24. The method of
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/132,203 filed May 3, 1999, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/132,790 filed May 6, 1999 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/198,033 filed Apr. 18, 2000, which are herein incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to computer systems and more particularly to digital messages accessed by computer systems.
The Internet is a worldwide system of computer networks—a network of networks in which a user at one computer can obtain information from any other computer (and communicate with users of the other computers). The Internet was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was first known as the ARPANet. The original aim was to create a network that would allow users of a research computer at one university to be able to communicate with research computers at other universities. To assure that the network could continue to function even if parts of it were destroyed, such as by a military attack or natural disaster, a key design requirement of ARPANet was a facility for bi-directional message routing in a communication link.
The Internet has evolved into a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The most widely used part of the Internet is the World Wide Web (often abbreviated "WWW" or called "the Web"). One important feature of the Web is its use of hypertext documents, a method of instant cross-referencing. On many Web sites, certain words or phrases appear in text of a different color than the rest; often this text is also underlined. When one of these words or phrases is selected, it functions as a hyperlink, transferring the user to the site or page that is linked to this word or phrase. Sometimes there are buttons, images, or portions of images that are "clickable."
Using the Web provides access to millions of pages of information. Web surfing is done with a Web browser; the most popular of which are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. The appearance of a particular Web site may vary slightly depending on the particular browser used. Recent versions of browsers have plug-ins, which provide animation, virtual reality, sound, music, and display of text in controlled form.
Because the Internet evolved from the ARPAnet, a research experiment that supported the exchange of data between government contractors and academic researchers, an on-line culture developed that is sometimes alien to the corporate business world. Although the Internet was not designed to make commercialization easy, commercial Internet publishing and e-commerce have rapidly evolved. In part it is the very ease with which anyone can publish a document that is accessible by a large number of people that makes electronic publishing attractive. Setting up an e-commerce site can typically be accomplished with low overhead while providing access to a worldwide market 24 hours a day. The growth and popularity of the Internet is providing new opportunities for commercialization including but not limited to Web sites driven by electronic commerce, ad revenue, branding, database transactions, and intranet/extranet applications.
Domain names direct where e-mail is routed, files are found, and computer resources are located. They are used when accessing information on the Web or connecting to other computers through Telnet. Internet users enter the domain name, which is automatically converted to the Internet Protocol address by the Domain Name System (DNS).
For many Internet users, electronic mail (e-mail) has substantially replaced the Postal Service for written transactions. E-mail is the most widely used application on the Internet. Live "conversations" can be carried on with other computer users, using Internet Relay Chat (IRC). More recently, Internet telephony hardware and software allows real-time voice conversations.
E-mail was one of the first services developed on the Internet. Today, e-mail is an important service on any computer network, not just the Internet. E-mail involves sending a message from one computer account to another computer account. E-mail is used to send textual information as well as files, including graphic files, executable files, word processing and other files. E-mail is becoming a popular way to conduct business over long distances. Using e-mail to contact a business associate can be more effective than using a voice telephone, because the recipient can read it at a convenient time, and the sender can include as much information as needed to explain the situation.
On-line commerce, or "e-commerce", uses the Internet, of which the Web is a part, to transfer large amounts of information about numerous goods and services in exchange for payment or customer data needed to facilitate payment. Potential customers can supply a company with shipping and invoicing information without having to tie up sales staff. The convenience offered to the customer is primarily that of avoiding a trip to one or more traditional "bricks and mortar" establishment in search of a desired product.
The expanding use of e-mail, FTP and other forms of digital message communication is widely displacing traditional paper communications. The Internet is an essential communications tool for individuals, professional users, companies, and government and military agencies. Global interconnectivity and rapid data transfer are among the benefits enjoyed its millions of users. While the Internet provides an undeniably useful environment for data exchange, security is not integrated into its design. In fact, the very concept behind the Internet is a robust open packet communication system.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a system for controlled message distribution.
A method is disclosed for secure transmission of a message via a network wherein a recipient of the message need not be a party to the network or maintain an active address in the network. Instead, new accounts are created dynamically by the system of the invention in response to a message addressed to an unknown user by sender who is a party to the network. In the operation of the method of the invention, messages from a network-party sender addressed to such an unknown user are deposited into a unique account created for the addressed recipient. That addressed recipient is notified via a non-network communication path that a message is stored and available to it, and is provided instructions for accessing a network address to retrieve its message.
FIG. 1 depicts a system embodiment for carrying out the method of the invention.
Vendors, universities and government agencies have attempted to provide a system for controlled message distribution in various ways, with the creation of such security standards as Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and S/MIME. Both of these standards depend on digital certificates, which are at the core of Public/Private Key (PKI) encryption. SSL is often used to securely exchange data between a web browser and an Internet web server. It is a widespread standard since it fills a very clear security hole, and just as importantly, is very easy to implement and use. S/MIME is also a widespread standard, used mainly to secure email messages. But its dependence on unique digital certificates for both the sender and recipient has severely limited its acceptance by email users. With S/MIME, email senders and email recipients must obtain digital certificates and install them in their email client software. Then, the email sender must obtain copies of the Public keys of all of its message recipients, and digitally sign messages with the sender's Private key and each recipient's Public key. While this process produces a secure message exchange between the sender and its recipients, the burden on the sender and recipient has made it too complex for widespread acceptance.
To gain widespread acceptance, secure message delivery over the Internet must be made as technically unchallenging as possible, while still providing uncompromising data protection. Additional value can be added if the sender is notified when its recipients have opened their messages. Further value can be added if the receipt notification works in all cases, regardless of the recipient's email software (e.g. email client, web-based email, personal digital assistant). According to the method of the invention, such a "certified" message delivery system is provided which enables a message recipient to access its account, open its secure electronic mailbox, and quickly access one or more received messages. Upon the recipient opening a message, the system notifies the sender of that event.
In traditional e-mail systems, a user must initiate the account creation process, usually by requesting an account or joining an organization. This is often accomplished by the user visiting a website to fill out a registration form, or by an administrator creating an email address for one or more known users on a system managed by that administrator. Registered users are then assigned a unique email address on the system. In such systems, the user can then send and receive email messages using the assigned e-mail address.
In contrast to this well-established process, with the method of the invention, creation of a messaging account does not require user request, or action by an administrator in respect to a user joining an organization. Instead, new accounts are dynamically created by the system as a result of existing users of the system sending messages to unknown users of the system. Through this unique process, users that may have never had contact with the organization will receive unique password-protected accounts in the system.
Unlike traditional e-mail systems, where messages are delivered into the recipient's messaging system, messages transmitted according to the method of the invention are deposited into a unique account created for the recipient. The messages associated with the account are located on the same system where the message sender established its account. As a result, when the recipient accesses its account to retrieve a message, the system will always know that the message was opened, allowing it to provide the sender with confirmation of that event. In addition, since the message recipient accesses its private account on the system, all other messages sent to the recipient are available to the recipient in an Inbox. This is in contrast to existing message delivery systems. Typical messaging systems can only provide one message to the recipient since the system is based on a unique document ID, and not a unique recipient account. Having unique recipient accounts capable of displaying all received messages significantly increases the usability of the system. It allows the system to achieve the conveniences of conventional email systems, with the security and tracking capability of secure message delivery systems. The dynamic account creation process provided by this invention enables the messaging system to incorporate the benefits and conveniences of email and secure delivery systems. As a result, a messaging system built with this invention provides a unique, superior way to securely deliver and manage documents over the Internet.
The invention utilizes existing e-mail systems for notification of a secured certified message, but actual access is provided to the secured certified message from a database system located at the secured site. The access can be provided through a variety of mechanisms, including a local client, through the use of a web browser, and through the equivalent of plug-in features to existing e-mail systems. By using plug-in features to an existing e-mail system, the creation and access of a secured certified message can be seamless to an e-mail user.
The invention builds upon the fundamental Internet tools such as web browsers, email clients, the manner in which electronic mail is handled on the Internet, the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), XML and the manner in which Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) work. A significant amount of material describing these features of the Internet is available both through various sites on the Internet and through published resources. Such resources and their applicability to the invention are discussed in the following description of the method and operation of the invention.
Dynamic account and mail store creation capabilities of an electronic document delivery system are among the Internet features utilized by the invention. In this arrangement, recipient accounts are dynamically created as a result of an electronic message being sent by the message sender, whether the sender is a registered user or an application that generates messages (e.g. eBilling, monthly statements). The electronic certified message takes on a familiar email format, and contains one or more individual or Group email addresses in To, CC and BCC fields, a Subject, Body and optionally, one or more file attachments. Recipient email addresses in the To, CC and BCC fields are checked in a case insensitive search against the email addresses of all registered and receive-only users in the system. If an addressed recipient's email address does not already exist, a new account is created for that address. The account is comprised of a unique system-generated user ID (NuID), a username consisting of the recipient's email address, an account password that is randomly generated, and a user type indicating that the addressed recipient is an unregistered receive-only user. The unique user ID (NuID) is used to individually link an account with user data in various database tables and the file system. A message store is also created for the recipient, and is based on the NuID for the recipient. The first certified message to the recipient (which triggers a receive-only account creation for the recipient), and all subsequent certified messages will then be deposited in the recipient's unique message store.
When a certified message is placed in the recipient's message store, a separate process generates a "mail waiting" email, and sends it via email to the recipient's email address. The "mail waiting" message contains a hypertext web link (hyperlink) pointing to the web server where the recipient's message delivery account can be accessed.
If the certified message is sent to a dynamically created "receive only" user, the "mail waiting" hyperlink will also contain the recipient's username and password as parameters. When the hyperlink is selected, the recipient's web browser will start and access the message system web site. The recipient's username and password are passed as parameters from the hyperlink to the login screen, which authenticates them against the user database and allows entry for the recipient into its account. Once granted entry into the account, the system allows the recipient to access its private message Inbox and retrieve one or more of its certified messages.
If the certified message is sent to the email address of a member that has already registered with the system (e.g. not a dynamically created member), then the "mail waiting" hyperlink will contain the recipient's username but not the password for the recipient. When the user selects the hyperlink, the user's web browser will be started and the message delivery login screen will be displayed. The recipient will then have to provide its login password (as supplied during the user registration) to access its account. Once granted entry into the account, the system allows the recipient to access its private Inbox and retrieve one or more of its certified messages. In addition, since the recipient is already registered with the system, additional features are available, including creating and sending new certified messages.
Method Steps for a Preferred Embodiment
Sequence Flow for Dynamic account creation initiated by a registered member using a web browser:
1. Registered member (member) starts its web browser and accesses the certified message web site (system).
2. Member selects the login web link and login to the system with member's username and password.
3. Member selects the "Create New Message" link.
4. System displays a form with email message fields including recipient fields (To, CC, BCC), Subject, Body and Attachments.
5. Member creates a certified message by filling out the various message fields. In the recipient fields, member provides one or more Internet email addresses in the form email@example.com. In addition, member can access its address book and select email addresses and pre-defined Groups of email addresses that it has already created.
6. When ready, the member selects the "Send" button to send the certified message to the recipient(s).
7. The system performs a syntax check of all of the recipient email addresses, ensuring that they are formed as per Internet SMTP email standards. If one or more invalid email addresses are detected, the Send operation is canceled; the system displays an error message and redisplays the message for the member to correct the problem.
8. Upon successfully providing all valid email addresses, and filling out any other required fields such as Subject and Body, when the "Send" button is selected, the system will begin to process the certified message.
9. The system displays a screen that the certified message has been received, and the recipients will be notified that they have a certified message waiting. Unlike conventional email systems, where the recipients receive the sender's message via email, the member's certified message is saved to a database and its attachments, if any, are stored in the file system.
10. Member can then continue using the system and any of its features.
11. Please refer to "Polling Process" for the remaining steps.
Account Creation Polling Process
A process polls the message database at a set interval, searching for certified messages that have not yet been processed. Unprocessed messages have their MsgStatus field set to 1. When one or more of these messages are found, the following steps are taken:
1) The user database is opened, containing email addresses and registration information.
2) The certified message is opened from the message database, and the various recipient email address fields (To, CC, BCC) are accessed.
3) Each email address is checked for correct syntax. Improperly formed email addresses are discarded.
4) One by one, a search is performed, individually looking for each addressed recipient's email address in the email address table of the user database. Since Internet email addresses are case insensitive, the search is case insensitive.
5) If the email address is found in the database, the email address is skipped. The process then repeats step 4 until no more email addresses are found in the recipient fields of the message.
6) If a match is not found, a new "receive only" account must be created for the recipient.
Following are the Steps the System Performs to Dynamically Create this New Account
a) The account initialization process is started. It is comprised of the following steps:
i) The email address is assigned to a string variable named EMAILADDRESS. Any upper and lowercase characters are left as is, since subsequent searches on the email address will disregard the case of the characters.
ii) A random password is generated for the account, consisting of 8 alphanumeric characters. It is then assigned to a string variable named PASSWORD. Alphanumeric characters consist of the letters A to Z, and 0 to 9. To ensure that new passwords do not fall into a pattern, the RANDOMIZE function is used, initialized with a numeric value representing the current date and time. Since the date and time are never the same, generating a random value using this method ensures that the computer can generate true random numbers. The computer's RND (random) function is then used to generate the actual random values for the password.
iii) The system date is queried, and the current date and time are inserted into a string variable named DATECREATED.
iv) A USERTYPE integer variable is assigned a value of 1. This value is a code used by the messaging system representing the send and receive privilege of the user. A value of 1 signifies that the account is allowed to receive messages, and that an account login is provided for user access to the messages. Furthermore, a value of 1 signifies that the user can access, display and delete its received messages, but cannot create and send new messages. If the "receive-only" user successfully registers with the messaging system at a later time, their USERTYPE account code will be set to 2 or higher, indicating that the user has both send and receive capability.
v) An SQL database statement is created with this information, and an SQL function is called that writes this information to the user database.
b) Upon adding the entry, the system returns an account ID (NuID) for the newly created user. This NuID is automatically created by the database, and is unique to this user. The user's NuID uniquely correlates the user's account with messages sent to the user and messages the user may generate, store and send.
7) The MsgStatus field of the Message is then set to 2, indicating that all recipient email addresses have been processed, and any new "receive only" accounts have been created.
Message Delivery Polling Process
An independent process polls the message database at a set interval, searching for certified messages that have had their email addresses processed into user accounts but have not yet had "mail waiting" email notices sent to the addressed recipients. These messages will have their MsgStatus field set to 2. When one or more of these messages are found, the following steps are taken:
1) Certified messages with a MsgStatus field set to 2 are accessed one at a time in the database
2) NoticeTimer Subroutine( )
Call NotificationMessage
Select Message where MsgStatus=1
If Not EOF then
Call ProcessMessage
ReadMessage (read message fields)
Increment Sender Messages Sent Counter
Syntax check Message Email Addresses
Store valid Email Addresses into an Array
For each Email Address in the Array
Call DoMessageStatus
Check if account exists for Email Address
If it does not exist:
Set User Type flag to "Receive Only User"
Generate random 8 character password for account
Add a row into the user database
New user's unique account # is generated and returned by the database
If it does exist:
Retrieve user account # from user database
Retrieve UserType field from database
Retrieve UserName field from database
Insert message sender account #, message #, recipient account # and recipient email address into the MsgStatus database
Call DoMessageNotify
End If
Call DoMessageWaitingNotice
Rather than allowing access to a single message as an isolated event, the present invention allows a message recipient to view all messages sent to the recipient. After the message sender's message is processed by the system, and any receive-only accounts are created for new email addresses contained in the sender's message, each message recipient is notified via email that it has a message waiting. The email notice contains an embedded web link back to the message sender's messaging system. In addition, the link contains the recipient login information, including its account name and password. The account name uniquely identifies the recipient to the system, and is made up of its email address. By selecting this embedded web link in its email message, the recipient's web browser is launched. The recipient's account name and password are passed to the login screen of the message system's web server. The web server then authenticates the login against the user database. Upon successful login, the recipient is then provided access to its account. At this point, the recipient is guided to its private Inbox. This Inbox contains the sender's message for retrieval by the recipient. In addition, because the recipient has a unique account ID, any other messages sent to the recipient will also be displayed in the Inbox.
FIG. 1 illustrates a system implementation for two embodiments of the secure messaging system of the invention. It is noted that users operating under those embodiments can access the encrypted database simultaneously. In one of the embodiments, which is indicated as providing access to the system via a web browser 10, a secure web connection (SSL) is made via an HTTPS Internet connection 11 to a messaging web server 12. The browser 10 is used to communicate with the messaging web server 12, and can create and retrieve secure messages. The web server 12 writes and reads data from/to encrypted database 13 using an ODBC database connection. In the second embodiment, an XML parsing engine 22 is used to receive data, either from a "Send Certified" button 20 installed in an email client (via an SMTP Internet connection), or from an application 21 that generates XML files to be processed by the secure messaging system. The XML parsing engine 22 then writes data to the encrypted database 13 via an ODBC database connection.
One embodiment of the present invention is a method and system for the dynamic creation of user accounts and corresponding message store for the delivery of electronic messages. A message store is also created for these new user accounts, where one or more electronic messages can be retrieved. User account creation is accomplished by the action of an existing registered member or registered process. When an electronic message is sent to an unregistered user, the user is automatically registered with the system, a unique, password-protected account is created and assigned to the user, and a private mail store is created for the user. The electronic message is then deposited into the user's mail store for later retrieval by the user. This is in contrast to traditional electronic mail systems, which require a user to initiate a request for the creation of an account and mail store. Then, at a later time, the user can access its account and mail store to retrieve any deposited messages.
In another embodiment, the invention can provide a certified COD system. The secure, trackable nature of the CertifiedMail architecture can be applied in business-to-business, business-to-government, business-to-consumer, and consumer-to-consumer payment solutions. In such an embodiment, a seller registers with the CertifiedMail system. After registration, the seller can create an invoice on the system, provide payment details, and then furnish the email address of the buyer. The CertifiedMail system creates an inbox for the recipient if one does not already exist, deposits the sender's invoice into the inbox, and sends an email notice that the invoice is waiting to be accessed. When the recipient opens its message, the sender's invoice is displayed. The recipient is presented with the option of paying for the invoice through various payment types including credit card and check. Upon entering of the recipient's payment information, the CertifiedMail system performs the funds transaction. It then notifies the message sender that the payment has been received. The seller can then ship the purchased goods, or the CertifiedMail system can be instructed to enable the buyer to download the goods from the CertifiedMail message. At a regular interval, CertifiedMail will transfer the collected funds to the seller, minus any transaction fee.
In yet another embodiment, the invention can be used to provide long-term document escrow. The CertifiedMail system provides selectable message expiration periods, including the option of long-term document storage and retrieval. This enables a message to be retrieved after a significant time period for future reference. In addition, when a message is submitted to the system, a mathematical calculation of the message contents, such as Message Digest 5 (MD5), is performed. This calculation is associated with the message, and stored in the database. At a later time, when the message is accessed, the same calculation is performed on the message contents. If the calculation is equal to the value that was originally computed, then the message content is also proven to be identical. In practical use, this computation proves that the message retrieved is equal to the message that was submitted. This creates a system with long-term document retrieval and proof of authenticity.
In yet a further embodiment, the invention can provide secure digital product distribution. Traditional Internet shopping carts store a user's purchases for the duration of that Internet session. However, since digital downloads such as software and newsletters do not include a physical delivery, it is often useful for a purchaser to access its purchase again at a later time. This is especially true when a software purchaser's hard drive crashes, or a new operating system version is installed. The CertifiedMail system provides a repository for storing digital downloads, allowing the purchaser to easily retrieve all past purchases from the CertifiedMail inbox. Any previous or future "email waiting" notice sent by the system to the purchaser allows a secure opening of the purchaser's inbox, providing the purchaser with convenient access to all prior purchases, with the ability to verify each download's authenticity via an automatic digital checksum, and download the contents again.
Additionally, wireless devices are an increasingly popular way to browse the internet. Because of the unique nature of wireless communication, including limited bandwidth and screen display size, the web standard HTML language is not used by most wireless phones. New protocols, such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and Hand-held Device Markup Language (HDML) address these unique characteristics, and are used to send and retrieve web-based information. A wireless interface to the CertifiedMail system enables secure delivery, trackable delivery of messages via the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) web security protocol, which is then converted by the wireless gateway to a secure wireless protocol such as Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS), extending the security to the individual wireless device. The CertifiedMail tracking system can detect either the phone number of the wireless device receiving the message, or the IP address assigned to the device.
Since faxes are a form of digital content, they can provide additional security in delivery and tracking beyond what is available via standard fax solutions. Faxes are converted to images, which are then added as attachments to a CertifiedMail message. The recipient is notified via email that a fax is waiting, and the CertifiedMail secure mechanism is used for the recipient to pickup the fax. The fax sender then knows that the fax has been retrieved via the CertifiedMail message tracking.
CertifiedMail provides a system approach to secure messaging, enabling end-to-end security and tracking of confidential messages. This approach makes it ideal for delivering stock trade confirmations, monthly statements and other sensitive financial documents. Because of its end-to-end secure approach, it can replace the requirement to physically print and mail via postal delivery such sensitive documents, significantly reducing the expense of transaction confirmation.
When a member of the CertifiedMail system sends a secure message, a new account may be created by the system for the recipient to pickup the message, or a previously created recipient's account will be used to deposit the new message. As is often the case with messages, the recipient may want to reply to the sender. The CertifiedMail system allows the recipient, who is not a member of its secure delivery system, to reply to the sender using the full security of the CertifiedMail system, thus providing secured two-way communications between the member and the message recipient. This extends the CertifiedMail message delivery security to recipients that were not registered on the system. It is ideal for many two-way communication scenarios including doctor to patient communication, lawyer to client communication, and any member to non-member communication.
Appendix A provides a description of one embodiment the database structures utilized to implement the secured certified message system. Appendix B contains an XML document representative of one embodiment of an external interface utilized with the database structures to provide an interface to other systems such as e-mail systems, intelligent agents and user clients.
In view of the foregoing description, numerous modifications and alternative embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the best mode of carrying out the invention. Details of the structure may be varied substantially without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the exclusive use of all modifications, which come within the scope of the appended claim, is reserved.
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Thank you to everyone that participated in the Dixie Classic Fair competitions!
Winners will be posted once judging results are confirmed!
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text:
Theodore Roosevelt was a larger-than-life presence on the American scene in the years leading up to Arizona statehood. Commentator Scott Thybony tells us about the president's first, and most momentous, trip to the Grand Canyon. It would set the stage for the Canyon to become a national park.
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