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A compact, hybrid particulate and gas collector that can be used in an ultra-clean air purification, vehicle emissions control system, gas turbine, or in any other application where space and lower cost is important or in applications where sub-micron and nano-particulate filtering is needed such as in clean rooms and surgical suites. A gas flow enters the device in a first chamber and can be immediately exposed to a high-tension corona discharge electric field which typically results in a strong ionic flow by charging and collecting the incoming effluent (oil mist, soot particles, etc.). Subsequently, the charged flow enters a second zone of high-tension uniform electric field that causes the remaining charged particles to migrate to one of the charged electrodes. One of the electrodes can be made of porous filter material that allows the cleaned gas to flow into an exit zone also containing a high-tension uniform electric field where the remaining effluent can be collected prior to the ultra-clean gas exiting either to ambient air or being re-circulated to be used again by the engine. In some embodiments a dielectric barrier discharge surface can be provided to convert harmful compounds to more desirable substances. Alternate embodiments can include a third zone containing a second substantially uniform electric field as well as coating the porous surface with a catalyst to convert undesirable compounds. Any cross-section of the device may be used. Further treatment of the dust free flow with ultraviolet light, an x-ray or a radiation can be used to kill micro-organisms.
1. A compact hybrid air-purifier system comprising:
a first region containing a high-tension corona discharge;
a second region separated from said first region containing a first high-tension substantially uniform electric field;
a third region separated from said second region by a porous surface, said third region containing a second high-tension substantially uniform electric field;
and wherein gas flow enters said first region where particles in said gas flow become charged by said corona discharge; and the gas flow enters said second region where particles in the gas are removed by said first high-tension electric field, and wherein the gas flow passes through said porous surface into said third region where particles are removed by said second high-tension electric field.
2. The compact hybrid air purifier system of
3. The compact hybrid air-purifier system of
4. The compact hybrid air-purifier system of
5. The compact hybrid air-purifier system of
6. The compact hybrid air-purifier system of
7. The compact hybrid air-purifier system of
8. The compact hybrid air-purifier system of
9. The compact hybrid air-purifier system of
10. A hybrid collector system comprising a first region where a gas flow passes through a plurality of corona discharges, a second region where said gas flow passes through a first substantially uniform electric field and a third region where said gas flow passes through a second substantially uniform electric field, and wherein said second and third regions are separated by a porous surface, and further comprising a decontamination chamber which said gas flow passes subsequently to passing through said first, second and third regions.
11. The compact hybrid collector system of
12. The compact hybrid collector system of
13. The compact hybrid collector system of
14. A compact hybrid air-purifier system comprising:
a first region containing a high-tension corona discharge;
a second region separated from said first region containing a first high-tension substantially uniform electric field;
a third region separated from said second region by a porous surface, said third region containing a second high-tension substantially uniform electric field;
a fourth region containing a decontamination apparatus;
and wherein gas flow enters said first region where particles in said gas flow become charged by said corona discharge; and the gas flow enters said second region where particles in the gas are removed by said first high-tension electric field, and wherein the gas flow passes through said porous surface into said third region where particles are removed by said second high-tension electric field.
15. The hybrid air-purifier of
16. The hybrid air-purifier of
17. The hybrid air-purifier of
18. The compact hybrid collector system of
This is a continuation-in-part of co-pending application Ser. No. 12/002,505 filed Dec. 17, 2007.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the field of particulate and gas collectors and more particularly to a space efficient, hybrid collector incorporating electrostatic collectors and precipitators as well as particulate filters. The present invention is particularly attractive for air purification, exhaust after-treatment for vehicles, gas turbines and also applications such as high-tech, surgical and others that require the capture of sub-micron and nano-particles in both intake and exhaust air. Worldwide interest in gas turbine emissions and the enactment of Federal and State regulations in the United States have resulted in a need for an efficient means to control gas turbine exhaust emissions. The pollutants most generally of concern are CO, NOx, SOx, unburned hydrocarbons, soot. The present invention deals with such pollutants as unburned carbon, soot and other particulate emissions as well as pollutant gases. Additionally, the problem of purifying intake air for the combustion turbines is a matter of great importance with respect to the equipment maintenance and longevity by preventing the compression parts from being damaged by the high energy particulate impacting the rotating compression wheels.
Ultrahigh collection efficiency (>99.9999%) of submicron and nano particulate is of extreme interest in clean rooms like those used in semiconductor manufacture and the like. There is also considerable interest in killing bacteria and other organisms as well as removing particulate matter for air purifiers that might be used in surgical suits, or other applications where micro-organisms can be harmful.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Gas streams often carry particulate material. In many instances, it is desirable to remove some or all of the particulate material from a gas flow stream. Filters have been made in the past in a variety of configurations and designs, operating by mechanical or electrical entrapment of particles contained in the air stream. For example, a nonwoven or woven fibrous or filamentary web may by provided across the air flow for traversal thereby to trap dust particles in the greater-then-micron range. As is well known, such filters operate by mechanical interception of the particles, i.e. having a pore size which governs the size of particles which can be intercepted by a filter. Smaller particles traverse the filter and attempts to reduce the pore size lead only to high pressure drop and increasing impediment to has flow.
In order to achieve ultra high filtration efficiency, the prior art teaches that a very fine filter should be used (such as the type of filters called High Efficiency Particulate or HEPA filters). One of the major disadvantages of this prior art is the use of considerable energy needed to move air through the filter media. It would be a significant advantage to be able to achieve ultra high filtering efficiency without having to use such small grid filters.
Electrostatic precipitators have been proposed to alleviate this problem, the gas stream being passed through channels defined by oppositely charged plates, wires or screens, the latter representing collector electrodes which lie in arrays parallel to the direction of flow of the gas. The gas stream is subjected to a charging field, i.e., a corona discharge, and charged particulates are accumulated by absorption or dipole association with the dust particles in the gas stream. The electrically charges particles then transfer charge to the collecting electrode to this they adhere.
Some air purifiers pass an inlet air stream over one or more ionizing wires or an ionizing wire grid. The ionizing wires impart an electrical charge to the air flow, creating charged molecules known as ions, some of which eventually cling to airborne particles. In the case of air ionizers, the charged air is released as treated air. More sophisticated types of air purifiers include an electronic precipitator. Fleisher in U.S. Pat. No. 7,300,499 teaches the use of a high voltage electrostatic ionic air grid and precipitator plates for the removal of particulates together with ultraviolet light to provide germicidal properties. Kaura in U.S. Pat. No. 6,623,544 teaches treating air with mechanical filtration of particles greater than 2 micron, ionizing with energetic ions, and finally ultraviolet light to kill bacteria. Gillingham et al. teach the use of barrier media containing deposits of fine fibers in U.S. Pat. No. 7,270,692. Sikora in U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,772 teaches the use of a high voltage electrostatic filter with alternating oppositely charged plates with an ionizing wire affixed to alternate plates to remove particulates. U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,300,499, 6,623,544, 7,270,692 and 5,433,772 are hereby incorporated by reference.
Exhaust gas after-treatment in vehicles is well known in the art and is commonly used to meet emission requirements. Current after-treatment is used to remove unwanted nitrogen and sulfur compounds as well as particulate matter. In diesel systems electrostatic collectors have been used to remove suspended particulate matter including oil droplets from the blow-by gas, for example, so that blow-by gas can be returned to the atmosphere or to the fresh air intake side of the diesel engine for further combustion. Also, there are numerous applications that require ultra-filtering including the removal of sub-micron and nano-particles.
For example, the use of fossil fuel in gas turbine engines results in the combustion products consisting of carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of sulfur and particulates. Of these products, carbon dioxide and water vapor are generally not considered objectionable at least as pollutants. In most applications, governmental imposed regulations are further restricting the remainder of the constituents emitted in the exhaust gases. The majority of the products of combustion emitted in the exhaust can be controlled by design modifications, cleanup of exhaust gases and/or regulating the quality of fuel used. For example, sulfur oxides could be controlled by the selection of fuels that are low in total sulfur. This leaves nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons as the emissions of primary concern in the exhaust gases emitted from the gas turbine or an automotive engine. Particulates in the engine exhaust have been controlled either by design modifications to the combustors and fuel injectors or by removing them by traps and filters.
For gas turbines, combined cycle gas turbines are generally better candidates for emissions control than simple cycle units. The main challenge in a combined cycle system is to find enough space to house the emissions control unit within the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) in the proper temperature regime. Depending on the exhaust temperatures, simple cycle gas turbines present a somewhat more complicated challenge The lower exhaust temperature of some mature frame gas turbines which is usually well below 450° C. (842° F.) is within the operating capability of conventional technologies and materials. In a simple cycle gas turbine configuration, the emissions control system is normally located immediately downstream of the gas turbine and requires an expansion from the gas turbine outlet exhaust duct to the emissions control system.
Electrostatic collectors and particulate filters are also known in the art. In some of my previous patents, I teach systems containing these components. (Krigmont—U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,932,857; 6,524,369; 5,547,493) used to clean flue gas in power plants. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,932,857, 6,524,369 and 5,547,493 are hereby incorporated by reference. In addition, Chang in U.S. Pat. No. 7,267,712 teaches picking up charged particles in an electric field with a filter, while others (U.S. 2005/925170, US2006/524369, U.S. 2005/322550 and U.S. 2005/492557) teach various electrostatic air cleaners.
Prior art systems are many times large and expensive and do not necessarily provide the type of filtering needed for vehicle or portable applications. It would be advantageous to have a compact, space-efficient hybrid collector that uses corona discharge to charge particles and partially collect them and the combination of porous surfaces and uniform electric fields to collect the remaining particles for use in an automotive or other vehicle exhaust emissions control system, combustion turbines or for any other space-restricted or portable use including high technology uses such as surgery and semi-conductor manufacture where it is important to trap sub-micron and even nano-particles. It would also be advantageous to optionally use barrier filters known in the art to convert hazardous compounds into more benign substances.
The present invention relates to a compact, hybrid collector that overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art that can be used in air purifying, a vehicle emissions control system or in any other application where space and lower cost is important. Other embodiments of the present invention can be used to achieve ultra high filtering efficiency for applications in clean rooms, surgical suites or any other application requiring ultra-clean air. Additional embodiments of the present invention provide for subsequent purified air decontamination from chemical and biological agents by incorporating ultraviolet, x-ray or any similar radiation unit. According to the principles of the present invention, exhaust gas enters the device and is immediately exposed in a first zone to a high-tension corona discharge electric field which results in a strong ionic flow by charging the incoming effluent (oil mist, soot particles, etc.). Charged particulate begins to migrate (follow the high-tension electric field) towards the collecting electrode where it settles and retained until it is removed by any conventional means. Subsequently, the charged flow enters a second zone of high-tension uniform electric field that causes the remaining uncollected charged particles to migrate to one of the charged electrodes. One of the electrodes can be made of porous filter material that allows the cleaned gas to flow into an exit zone also containing a high-tension uniform electric field where the remaining effluent is collected prior to the clean gas exiting either to ambient air, or being re-circulated to be used again in the process. In some embodiments a dielectric barrier discharge surface can be provided to convert harmful compounds to more desirable substances. Separately, the porous dielectric surface can be also made catalytically active to convert harmful constituents into less toxic substances. Additional germicidal action can be achieved by the addition of ultraviolet light, x-ray, or any similar radiation system to dispose of harmful chemical and biological agents.
Attention is directed to figures that can aid in understanding the present invention:
Several drawings and illustrations have been presented to aid in understanding the present invention. The scope of the present invention is not limited to what is shown in the figures.
The present invention relates to a compact, space-efficient hybrid collector for use in air purification for breathing, surgical or high technology applications requiring ultra-clean air, a vehicle exhaust system, gas turbine, or in any other application where price and compactness are important. It particularly relates to ultra high efficiency air purifying. The invention is hybrid in the sense that it can combine electrostatic collection with particulate filters made of porous materials. The requirements for a space-efficient filter that could be used in an ultra-clean air purifying system or a vehicle exhaust system are high filtration efficiency, no secondary emissions, high durability, and low maintenance costs at intervals within steps of vehicle or system inspection as well as limited increase in weight and low back-pressure. Similar requirements could be applied to combustion turbines and vehicle exhaust system applications. Further use of ultraviolet light treatment or any similar means of the decontamination can also be used to kill micro-organisms or other biological agents, or remove chemical agents.
The present invention can provide a compact, space-efficient hybrid collector that improves utilization of space within a unique assembly allowing for a reduction in assembly size or an increase in flow rating for the same package size.
Turning to
An inner container with a rounded bottom 7, preferably circular or oval in cross-section, can be contained in an outer, possibly metal or other material container 6. A porous cylindrical surface 4 can be connected to insulators 9. Gas normally flows into the device through a gas inlet (top) into a first region 1 where it immediately encounters a high-tension corona discharge 5 emitted from a series of discharge points 3 located on an insulated axially centered electrode. The corona discharge 5 can be between the discharge points 3 and the porous surface 4. The discharge points 3 can be grounded or maintained at any convenient potential with respect to the porous surface 4. A high-tension potential is normally placed on the porous surface 4 with respect to the outer container 6 so that a region of uniform high intensity electric field can be formed between the concentric cylindrical porous filter 4 and the outer container 6 (which can be grounded to the vehicle frame in the case of a vehicle system).
As previously explained, particles and droplets in the incoming flow stream immediately encounter the corona discharge 5 and become charged. As the charged particles continue in the high-tension corona discharge 5, they begin to follow the electrical field towards the porous collecting electrode 4, which being charged opposite to the particulate, attracts and collects many of them. As the flow passes through the porous medium, some remaining particles are collected by the porous filter 4. On the other side of the porous surface 4, the flow emerges into an outer chamber 2 and region of uniform electric field 8. The previously charged remaining uncollected particles are typically accelerated along field lines until they reach one of the oppositely charged surfaces where they remain. It can be seen in this embodiment that the flow direction is reversed 180 degrees in the uniform field region. This allows the gas move back the entire length of the device in the uniform field region allowing maximum exposure time for particulate capture.
The flow on both sides of the porous surface 4 is typically subjected to two high-tension uniform electric fields. This normally causes remaining uncollected charged particles on both sides of the porous filter 4 to be captured. The gas with particulate matter enters the first zone 1, where the particulate immediately charges, and some of it becomes trapped by the grounded collecting surface 10; the remaining uncollected particles still in the gas enter the second (or next) zone with the high-tension uniform discharge 13 where a portion of the charged particulate also gets collected on either porous collecting surface 4 or the outer surface of the cylindrical grounded electrode 10. Following this, the gas can pass through the porous wall 4 (barrier filtration) to the next zone which also contains a uniform field 8. It is in this field that the final cleanup typically takes place. In the case of the embodiment shown in
It should be noted in the various embodiments, that while a cylindrical embodiment is preferred, especially for vehicle applications, any of the embodiments could be used with an oval, rectangular, hexagonal or octagonal cross-section or any other cross-section. The devices can also be packaged conveniently using outer protective layers if necessary to prevent corrosion and with fittings to provide for easy mounting. The devices can be metal, plastic, ceramic or any other suitable material. Any cross-section or packaging is within the scope of the present invention as well as any material that is strong and can withstand high temperatures. Combinations of various materials such as ceramic, metals, fused metals or alloys and plastic may also be used. Any of the embodiments of the present invention can be operated using either AC or DC voltages and at various different potentials known in the art. In the case of a vehicle, the potential can be supplied by a high voltage generator that is powered from the vehicle's battery.
Turning to
Several descriptions and illustrations have been provided to aid in the understanding of the present invention. One with skill in the art will realize that numerous changes and variations are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. Each of these changes and variations is within the scope of the present invention.
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Oct. 3, 2013
BEAUMONT – Head coach David Wong and his Lamar women's tennis team will continue its fall season at the Ragin' Cajuns Fall Classic in Lafayette, La., this weekend.
The event, which will feature players from fellow Southland schools McNeese State, New Orleans, Nicholls and Northwestern State, is set to begin on Friday from Cajun Courts and it will feature seven flights of singles as well as three flights of doubles.
The rest of the field will include participants from Arkansas State, Louisiana, Louisiana Tech, ULM, Mississippi State and Southern Miss.
Five Lady Cardinals are set to compete in the event so that Wong will be able to focus more on individual development as the team continues to prepare for the spring season.
"I'm looking forward to this weekend because the girls have been working hard, especially the freshmen," Wong said. "We'll see how they've gotten better in practice, and I'm really happy with how they've been playing."
Alicia Porte will be the only veteran making the trip to Lafayette, and she'll be joined by freshmen Nadiya Kulibaba, Katya Lapayeva, Anna Spengler and Robyn Summers. All five players are coming off the Islanders Invitational in Corpus Christi last month, which featured Porte winning the event's consolation bracket.
Friday's matches are set to begin at 8 a.m.

subset: commoncrawl


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History of Gunpowder
Gunpowder is a military weapon that had been developed gradually overtime. It has been recorded to be invented by the Chinese sometime between 850 AD to 1000 AD. Recorded in history books to have been invented around 850AD to 1000AD, gunpowder has transformed warfare and military thinking. The usage of black gunpowder for canons, rockets, muskets and bombs replaced all weapons and forces that prevailed before them.
Earliest known written formula of gunpowder
No one weapon has revolutionized human history as gunpowder has. From its ancient source in China, it traveled the danger-laden paths of silks and spices and with it traveled the knowledge to both remake and destroy the world. The Silk Road which was dominated by the West was initially controlled by the nomadic tribes and Chinese merchants. Gunpowder resulted in the greatest repercussions on Western life since the invention and usage of steel.
Many regions participated in gunpowder warfare during this period. The first civilization that made use of gunpowder in warfare was medieval China, beginning in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960 AD). What exactly spurred the development of gunpowder weapons in China was actually the hike in trespassing of tribes on its borders.
The earliest illustration of a gun was back in the 1100s in a cave in Sichuan. Rocketry usage started from the 13th century and was used as a sign for both peace and war. One crucial historical event around 1368 was the Chinese Divine Engine division where with only the usage of gunpowder weaponry, Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and established the Ming Dynasty.
It has been said that the forceful entrance of Mongols resulted in the introduction of gunpowder into the Islamic world. The indigenous hand cannon was written in the Arabic manuscripts during the medieval period, around the 14th century. It was seen as the most ancient portable firearm and the forerunner of handgun.
It has been suggested that the Indian influence that came with the arrival of Buddhism in China sparked the development of gunpowder in India.
Before rockets were brought into Europe, the Indian war rockets were the most forminable weapons. The bamboo rods used were aimed and shot at a target though the lighting of a fuse. However, trajectory back then was rather unpredictable.
The 15th through 17th century saw widespread development in gunpowder technology mainly in Europe. The advancement in metallurgy resulted in the invention and usage of portable weapons and the advancement in development of various hand-held firearms such as muskets. Cannon technology in Europe slowly surpassed that of China and these technological improvements which were brought back to China through Jesuit missionaries, who were responsible for cannon manufacture, by the late Ming and early Qing emperors.
While there is some evidence that other cultures recognized the military potential of gunpowder, none developed weapons to make use of it as fast as the Europeans. During this period, the size and scale of warfare increased drastically. Wars also became extremely deadly which can be attributed to the advancement in military technology.
The Napoleonic Wars started after the French Revolution (1789 - 1803) ended with the crowning of Napoleon as the Emperor.
(Picture courtesy of www.wikipedia.org)
First French Empire at its greatest extent in 1811
French Empire Conquered "Rebellious" States
Conquered "Allied" States
Development in gunpowder and weapons from muskets to flintlocks to the Baker rifle allowed Napoleon to conquer much of Europe in the 19th century.
Baker Rifle
Napoleon combined mobile artillery supporting his infantry and cavalry to out-manoeuvre his enemies.
There were many military tactics developed and deployed during these battles to counter the devastating damage of gunpowder guns and cannons, as well as tactics to ensure a swift and decisive victory over the enemies in the shortest amount of time.
Battle of Waterloo
(Picture courtesy of www.war-and-battle.com)
Political Effects
As a result of Napoleon's conquests in Europe, Nationalism was born as city-states, principalities and kingdoms unite based on national culture, origins and ideology. This resulted in the unification of of countries that are known as of today.
The development of the State (of a country) was also created during the wars as massive resources are required to build and maintain the 'modern' armies then. Now that armies were needed to fed and clothed in large numbers, a centralized government had to be erected.
Napoleon implemented various forms of taxation, administration, policing and military organizations during his reign. After Napoleon was defeated, many of the countries retained these practices.
Economic Effects
The wars in continental Europe slowed down Industrial Revolution in Europe as all resources were funneled into war efforts. This was contrasted in 'The Impact of the Napoleonic Wars' whereby Great Britain soared ahead of the rest of the countries in terms of technologies.
Social Effects
Napoleon's French Revolution ideals were spread throughout Europe as he conquered countries. Some of these ideals include democracy, personal status and property, etc and they can be found in the Napoleonic Code.
European monarchs were unable to abolish these ideals, which had already been incorporated as customs and laws. Hence, European monarchs had their powers mitigated.


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The great Windows tablet keyboard crapshoot
If each tech show has an unofficial theme, then IFA 2012's must be Windows 8 tablets. Microsoft's new OS - in both full 8 and pared-back RT forms - has shown up on touchscreen hardware from all of the main manufacturers, each trying slightly different combinations of size, specs and accessories in the hope of standing out from the crowd. Options are great, of course, but are there signs that Microsoft's tablet desperation is rubbing off on its OEMs?


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Alex Bolduc was drafted 127th overall by the St. Louis Blues in the 2003 entry draft, but never earned a contract. Instead, when his junior career ended, he took a similar path to Alex Burrows, joining the ECHL's Bakersfield Condors, garnering the attention of the Manitoba Moose for his grit and defensive acumen and, within one season, signing a contract with the Vancouver Canucks. Unfortunately, Bolduc couldn't manage to find a permanent NHL home in Vancouver. He earned numerous callups, and even made the Canucks out of training camp last season, but injuries and inconsistent play limited him to only 47 NHL games in three years with the organization.
Also, Bolduc didn't quite have the hands for the NHL, although the two NHL goals he has to his name might lead you to believe otherwise. Both came on beautiful shots, and both came last season. With that in mind, here's every goal Alex Bolduc scored in 2010-11.
1 Jan. 2 vs the Colorado Avalanche
Alex Bolduc's first goal of the season, and of his NHL career comes on a 2-on-1 with Tanner Glass. He streaks down the wing, keeps, and snipes a wrister past Craig Anderson. He would later admit to a bit of tunnel vision: even though Glass feeds him as they break out of the zone, Bolduc effectively forgot he had anybody with him. Needless to say, Alex Bolduc's hockey sense was never particularly high, which may be why Joe Sacco looks so annoyed that his team just ceded a goal to him.
2 Mar. 25 vs the Atlanta Thrashers
That said, Alex Bolduc's backhand looks somewhat formidable, doesn't it? This goal is scored when Keith Ballard makes a beautiful pass through the neutral zone to catch Atlanta on a sloppy change and spring the 4th line. But don't give Keith Ballard too much credit. It's a fine pass, but the seam through which he's threading it is about ten feet wide. Seriously, he could have passed Oreskovich a chesterfield and the Thrashers wouldn't have gotten a stick on it.Tags: Bolduc, Every Goal 10-11, featured
"…he could have passed Oreskovich a chesterfield and the Thrashers wouldn't have gotten a stick on it."
Love it.
Hey, maybe what this off-season needs is a Canucks vs. living room furniture Photoshop contest. It would certainly help ease the pain of no more bear fights with Tanner Glass.
A hockey question, in the second goal video Garrett comments on how the thrasher player 'lolly-gags his way to the bench.
I've never played hockey but it always annoys me to see when players are changing how so many times they just saunter off the ice, why dont they get their butts in gear and change? This was especially annoying in the playoffs when the Canucks took too many men penalties.
It's mainly because the players heading off on a change are usually dead-tired. That's why they're heading off the ice. It's easy for us to get upset about this from our couches while stuffing our faces full of pop and potato chips, but the players have just been skating as hard as they can for an entire shift.


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Send us your interest if this course is currently not offered or the current schedule does not accomodate your schedule. It is often necessary to understand interest a semester in advance for planning and scheduling. Companies and organizations can often request a course if the group is large enough. This doesn't mean that we can make accommodations in every case. However, we will utilize and maximize our available resources as best as we can. Thanks for letting us know your interests and we will respond as soon as we can.
Fundamentals of High Performance Liquid Chromatography
This course will teach students the fundamentals of High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Topics covered include an introduction to HPLC, overview and history, principles and theory, important terms and definitions, interpretation of chromatograms, qualitative and quantitative analysis, components of modern HPLC systems, mobile phase, pumps and injectors, HPLC columns and detectors, data recording systems, separation techniques, normal phase versus reversed-phase HPLC, isocratic versus gradient elution, common solvents used for HPLC mobile phases, column selection, sample preparation, HPLC method validation, applications of HPLC, other types of separation, and maintenance and troubleshooting. Successful completion of this course will prepare the student to understand and utilize HPLC applications in a life sciences laboratory.
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