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A photosensitive material including a support having a layer of photosensitive microcapsules on the surface thereof, the photosensitive microcapsules including an internal phase containing a photosensitive composition and a color precursor wherein, upon image-wise exposing the photosensitive material and rupturing the microcapsules, the color precursor is image-wise released from the microcapsules to form a color image, the photosensitive material further including a hygroscopic polymer, is disclosed.
1. A photosensitive material including a support having a layer of photosensitive microcapsules on the surface thereof, said photosensitive microcapsules including an internal phase containing a solution comprising a photosensitive composition and a color precursor wherein, upon image-wise exposing said photosensitive material and rupturing said microcapsules, said color precursor is image-wise released from the microcapsules to form a color image, said internal phase including a hygroscopic polymer in an amount sufficient to reduce the tendency of said color image to darken, provided said hygroscopic polymer is not polyvinyl alcohol.
2. The photosensitive material of claim 1 wherein said material further includes a layer of developer material.
3. The photosensitive material of claim 1 wherein said material comprises a first transparent support and a second support which may be transparent or opaque.
4. The photosensitive material of claim 3 wherein said first transparent support and said second support are sealed along their peripheral edges.
5. The photosensitive material of claim 3 wherein said material system further includes a subbing layer between said first transparent support and said layer of photosensitive microcapsules.
6. The photosensitive material of claim 3 wherein said material system further includes an adhesive between said layer of photosensitive microcapsules and said second support.
7. The photosensitive material of claim 1 wherein said hygroscopic polymer is selected from the group consisting of partially hydrolyzed acrylates, partially hydrolyzed methacrylates, sulfonated polyesters of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic or cycloaliphatic glycols or alkali metal salts thereof, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl imidozol, polyacrylamides, polymethacrylamides, polystyrenesulfonic acid, corn starch, wheat starch, agar, xanthan gums, gelatin, gelatin derivatives, cellulose, and dextrin.
8. The photosensitive material of claim 7 wherein said hygroscopic polymer is a sulfonated polyester of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic or cycloaliphatic glycols or an alkali metal salt thereof.
9. The photosensitive material of claim 1 wherein said hygroscopic polymer is present in said internal phase in an amount of about 0.05 to 2.5% by weight of the photosensitive composition.
10. The photosensitive material of claim 3 wherein said first transparent support is a clear polyethylene terephthalate film and said second support is an opaque polyethylene terephthalate film containing a white pigment.
11. A sealed, self-contained photosensitive material comprising first and second interfacing supports, said first support carrying a layer of photosensitive microcapsules, said microcapsules containing an internal phase which includes a solution comprising a photosensitive composition and a color precursor, and a developer material present on said first support carrying said layer of photosensitive microcapsules or on said second support wherein, upon image-wise exposing said layer of photosensitive microcapsules and rupturing said microcapsules, the color precursor is released from said microcapsules and reacts with said developer material to form a color image, wherein said internal phase contains a hygroscopic polymer in an amount sufficient to reduce the tendency of said color image to darken, provided said hygroscopic polymer is not polyvinyl alcohol.
12. The self-contained photosensitive material of claim 11 wherein said hygroscopic polymer is present in said internal phase in an amount of about 0.05 to 2.5% by weight of said photosensitive material.
13. The photosensitive material of claim 10 wherein said supports are sealed at their perimeter.
The present invention relates to an improvement in photosensitive imaging systems of the type taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,399,209 and 4,440,846, wherein a hygroscopic polymer is incorporated in the internal phase of a microencapulated photosensitive material or in a coating composition containing photosensitive microcapsules. It is believed that the hygroscopic polymer prevents the microcapsules from drying out upon storage.
Photohardenable imaging systems employing microencapsulated radiation sensitive compositions are the subject of commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,399,209; 4,416,966; 4,440,846 and 4,766,050. These imaging systems are characterized in that an imaging sheet including a layer of microcapsules containing a photohardenable composition in the internal phase is image-wise exposed to actinic radiation. In the most typical embodiments, the photohardenable composition is a photopolymerizable composition including a polyethylenically unsaturated compound and a photoinitiator and is encapsulated with a color former. Exposure to actinic radiation hardens the internal phase of the microcapsules. Following exposure, the imaging sheet is subjected to a uniform rupturing force by passing the sheet through the nip between a pair of pressure rollers. An image transfer system in which the developer material is coated on a separate substrate as a separate developer or copy sheet is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,399,209. A self-contained imaging sheet in which the encapsulated color former and the developer material are co-deposited on one surface of a single substrate as one layer or as two interactive layers is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,846. An imaging system comprising a support, a layer containing microcapsules, a layer of developer material, and a layer containing an opacifying agent is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,766,050. The opacifying agent can form a separate layer or can be part of the layer containing the microcapsules or both but is interposed between the microcapsules and the developer to hide the microcapsules when viewing the image.
When imaging systems, particularly the self-contained imaging systems of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,846 and recently allowed copending U.S. application Ser. No. 08/570,658 filed Dec. 11, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,783,353 are exposed and developed after having been stored for a period of time, the images have a tendency to darken over time. This darkening has been attributed to the presence of undeveloped color precursor outside the capsule which gradually reacts with the developer material and causes the image to darken.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide an imaging system wherein this undesirable tendency to darken over time is reduced or eliminated.
Experimental studies have shown that if imaging media employing photosensitive microcapsules is stored under relatively high humidity, the amount of undeveloped color precursor that is observed outside the capsules after exposure and development is significantly less and the tendency for the image to darken is reduced or eliminated. This observation led to the hypothesis that upon storage under less humid conditions, the capsules are releasing more of their contents when they are ruptured and that the capsules themselves may be drying out and becoming more brittle and more readily rupturable upon storage. A dry capsule is brittle and releases more color precursor when it ruptures, whereas a softer, less dry capsule, tends to retain more color precursor after it ruptures making less undeveloped color precursor available to darken the image.
In accordance with the invention, a hygroscopic polymer is incorporated into the internal phase of the microcapsules in an imaging system to prevent or reduce the tendency of the image to darken. While not desiring to be bound, it is believed that the hygroscopic polymer prevents the microcapsule from drying out upon storage.
It has been found that when a hygroscopic polymer of the type disclosed herein is incorporated in an imaging material in the manner described herein, improvements in Dmin, color brightness, image stability and shelf life may be observed.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,399,209 and 4,440,846 and pending application Ser. No. 08/570,658 filed Dec. 11, 1995 are incorporated herein by reference.
The improved imaging system of the invention may be embodied in a self-contained copy sheet in which the encapsulated chromogenic material and the developer material are co-deposited on one surface of a single substrate as one layer or as two interactive layers or they are deposited on two supports in layers which can interact when the supports are juxtaposed; or it may be embodied in a transfer system in which the developer material is coated on a separate substrate as a separate developer or copy sheet. Both systems operate by photographic control of the access between the chromogenic material and the developer as previously described. In the self-contained imaging system, following capsule rupture, the chromogenic material and the developer are able to react to form a visible image in the exposed or the unexposed areas (depending on whether the photosensitive composition is photohardened or photosoftened). Gradual development of the visible image is observed following exposure and capsule rupture as the chromogenic material and developer migrate, mix and react on the face of the sheet.
Typically, capsule rupture is effected by the application of pressure to the imaging sheet alone (in the case of a self-contained system) or in contact with a developer sheet (in a transfer system using pressure rollers or a roller ball). Alternative means of capsule rupture can also be used. For example, systems, are envisioned in which the capsules are ruptured ultrasonically, thermally, or by solvent.
In one embodiment of the invention, a hygroscopic polymer is incorporated into the internal phase of the microcapsules which contain a chromogenic material and a photosensitive composition. The hygroscopic polymer is dissolved in the internal phase constituents prior to encapsulation. In order to be dissolved in the internal phase, the hygroscopic polymer should be soluble in the internal phase constituents such as the acrylate esters described below. Hydroxy-containing polyacrylates are particularly desirable for use in the invention because they are compatible with the acrylate monomers preferably used in the internal phase. The hygroscopic polymer can be added to the internal phase in an amount of about 0.05 to 2.5% and more typically about 0.05 to 1.5% based on the monomer.
In another embodiment of the invention, the hygroscopic polymer is added to the microcapsule coating composition. The hygroscopic polymer can be dissolved or dispersed in the continuous phase during encapsulation such that it becomes part of the coating composition when the microcapsules are collected and blended with binders such as polyvinyl alcohol to form the coating composition. Alternatively, the hygroscopic polymer is added to the microcapsule coating composition after the microcapsules are recovered in the encapsulation process. Also, when the hygroscopic polymer is added to the internal phase, some of the polymer may move into the continuous phase and become part of the microcapsule coating composition. The amount of hygroscopic polymer added to the coating composition will vary with the nature of the hygroscopic polymer and the nature and amount of the other resins used in the composition. The amount should be limited to an amount that does not interfere with capsule rupture and reaction of the color former with the developer such that Dmax is reduced. The hygroscopic polymer is preferably incorporated in the coating composition in an amount of about 1 to 10% based on resin solids used in the composition and more typically in an amount of 1 to 5%.
The hygroscopic polymer useful in the present invention are those polymers capable of absorbing large quantities of water or moisture. Representative examples of such hygroscopic polymers include hydroxy-containing polymers such as partially hydrolzyed polyesters, e.g., partially hydrolzyed acrylate or methacrylate polymers or copolymers, sulfonated polyesters of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic or cycloaliphatic glycols including alkali metal derivatives thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl imidazol, polyacrylamides, polymethacrylamides, polystyrenesulfonic acid, corn and wheat starch, agar, xanthan gums, gelatin, gelatin derivatives such as phthalated gelatins, cellulose such as hydroxy cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like, and soluble starches such as dextrin. One class of hygroscopic polymers particularly useful in the invention is hydroxy-containing polymers such as partially hydrolyzed polyesters. A specific material of this type is the AQ polymers from Eastman Chemical and, more particularly, AQ38 and AQ55. These polymers are sulfonated polyesters of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic or cycloaliphatic glycols and more particularly alkali metal salts thereof such as sodium salts. It has been found that the AQ polymers from Eastman Chemical Co. are particularly preferred.
The operational center of the imaging system of the present invention is the encapsulate or internal phase of the coating composition and optionally a chromogenic material. In accordance with the invention, the internal phase comprises a photosensitive composition. Typically, the photosensitive composition includes a photoinitiator and a substance which undergoes a change in viscosity upon exposure to light in the presence of the photoinitiator. That substance may be a monomer, dimer, or oligomer which is polymerized to a higher molecular weight compound or it may be a polymer which is cross-linked. Alternatively it may be a compound which is depolymerized or otherwise decomposed upon exposure.
Typically, the substance which undergoes a change in viscosity is a free radical addition polymerizable or crosslinkable compound. The most typical examples of a free radical addition polymerizable or crosslinkable compound useful in the present invention is an ethylenically unsaturated compound and, more specifically, a polyethylenically unsaturated compound. These compounds include both monomers having one or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, such as vinyl or allyl groups, and polymers having terminal or pendant ethylenic unsaturation. Such compounds are well known in the art and include acrylic and methacrylic esters of polyhydric alcohols such as trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and the like; and acrylate or methacrylate terminated epoxy resins, acrylate or methacrylate terminated polyesters, etc. Representative examples include ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, dipentaerythritol hydroxypentacrylate (DPHPA), hexanediol-1,6-dimethacrylate, and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
Another radiation curable substance is an acrylate prepolymer derived from the partial reaction of pentaerythritol with acrylic acid or acrylic acid esters. Radiation curable compositions based on such prepolymers having an acrylate functionality of between approximately two and three are available commercially in two-package system radiation curable compositions from the Richardson Company, Melrose Park, Ill., such as RL-1482 and RL-1483 which are recommended to be mixed together to form a radiation curable clear varnish in a ratio of 4.4 parts of RL-1482 to 1 part RL-1483. Another class of curable materials useful in the present invention are found in radiation curable inks as the photosensitive component such as a mixture of a pentaerythritol acrylate and halogenated aromatic, alicyclic or aliphatic photoinitiator as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,661,614 to Bessemir et al, which is also incorporated by reference. Another type radiation curable material is halogenated resins which can be cross-linked up exposure, to ultraviolet radiation.
Some typical examples of radiation de-polymerizable materials useful in other embodiments of the invention are 3-oximino-2-butanone methacrylate which undergoes main chain scission upon ultraviolet exposure and poly (4'-alkyl acylo-phenones. See Reichmanis, E.; Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Org. Coat. Plast. Chem. Prepr. 1980, 43, 243-251 and Lukac, I.; Chmela S., Int. Conf. on Modif. Polym. 5th Bratislava, Czech, July 3-6, I.U.P.A.C. Oxford, England, 1979, 1, 176-182.
The radiation curable or depolymerizable material usually makes up the majority of the internal phase. A radiation curable material must be present in an amount sufficient to immobilize the chromogenic material upon exposure. With a depolymerizable material, on the other hand, the internal phase must be constituted such that the chromogenic material is immobilized prior to exposure but is released after exposure and capsule rupture. Typically these materials constitute 40 to 99 wt % of the internal phase (based on the weight of the oil solution containing the chromogen, the photosensitive composition and the carrier oil when present). In some embodiments, it has been found desirable to dilute the photosensitive composition with a carrier oil to improve half-tone gradation. In these cases a carrier oil is present in the amounts disclosed below and the aforesaid materials make up to 40 wt % of the internal phase.
The chromogenic materials used in the present invention are those chromogenic materials conventionally used in carbonless paper. In general, these materials are colorless electron donating type dry precursor compounds which react with a developer compound to generate a dye. Representative examples of such color formers include substantially colorless compounds having in their partial skeleton a lactone, a lactam, a sultone, a spiropyran, an ester or an amido structure. Specifically, there are triarylmethane compounds, bisphenylmethane compounds, xanthene compounds, thiazine compounds, spiropyran compounds and the like. Typical examples of them include Crystal Violet lactone, benzoyl leuco methylene blue, Malachite Green Lactone, p-nitrobenzoyl leuco methylene blue, 3-dialkylamino-7-dialkylamino-fluoran, 3-methyl-2,2'-spirobi(benzo-f-chrome), 3,3-bis(p-dimethylaminophenyl)phthalide, 3-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-3-(1,2-dimethylindole-3-yl)phthalide, 3-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-3-(2-methylindole-3-yl)phthalide,3-(pdimethylaminophenyl)-3-(2-phenylindole-3-yl)phthalide, 3,3-bis(1,2-dimethylindole-3-yl)-5-dimethylaminophthalide, 3,3-bis-(1,2-dimethylindole-3-yl)-6-dimethylaminophthalide, 3,3-bis(9-ethylcarbazole-3-yl)-5-dimethylaminophthalide, 3,3-bix(2-phenylindole-3-yl)-5-dimethylaminophthalide, 3-p-dimethylaminophenyl-3-(1-methyl pyrrole-2-yl)-6-dimethylaminophthalide, 4,4'-bis-dimethylaminobenzhydrin benzyl ether, N-halophenyl leuco Auramine, N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl leuco Auramine, Rhodamine-B-anilinolactam, Thodamine(p-nitroanilino)lactam, Rhodamine-B-(p-chloroanilino)lactam, 3-dimethylamino-6methoxyfluoran, 3-diethylamino-7-methoxyfluoran, 3-diethylamino-7-chloro-6-methylfluoroan, 3-diethylamino-6-methyl-7-anilinofluoran, 3-diethylamino-7-(acetylmethylamino)fluoran, 3-diethylamino-7-(dibenzylamino)fluoran, 3-diethylamino-7-(methylbenzylamino)fluoran, 3-diethylamino-7-(chloroethylmethylamino)fluoran, 3-diethylamino-7-(diethylamino)fluoran, 3-methyl-spiro-dinaphthopyran, 3,3'-dichloro-spiro-dinaphthopyran, 3-benzyl-spirodinaphthopyran, 3-methyl-naphtho-(3-methoxybenzo)-spiropyran, 3-propylspirodibenzoidipyran, etc. Mixtures of these color precursors can be used if desired. Also useful in the present invention are the fluoran color formers disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,510, which is incorporated by reference. In addition to the foregoing dye precursors, fluoran compounds such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,510 can be used. In addition, organic compounds capable of reacting with heavy metal salts to give colored metal complexes, chelates or salts can be adapted for use in the present invention.
In accordance with the invention, the chromogenic material is incorporated in the internal phase in an amount sufficient to produce a visible image of the desired density upon reaction with the developer. In general, these amounts range from approximately 0.5 to about 20.0 percent based on the weight of the internal phase solution (e.g., monomer or monomer and oil) containing the chromogen. A preferred range is from about 2 percent to about 7 percent. The amount of the chromogenic material required to obtain suitable images depends on the nature of the chromogen, the nature of the internal phase, and the type of imaging system. Typically less chromogenic material is used in the internal phase of a self-contained imaging system in comparison to a transfer system. This is because the developer material is co-deposited on a common substrate with the chromogenic encapsulate and there is a tendency for the chromogenic material to diffuse through the capsule wall and react with the developer material during storage and because there is no inherent loss in transfer. One means of preventing undesired coloration in a self-contained sheet is to reduce the amount of the chromogenic material in the internal phase. Another means is to incorporate color suppressants with the chromogenic material.
In addition to the chromogenic material, the photosensitive material, and the hygroscopic polymer, the internal phase of the present invention may also include a carrier oil to affect and control the tonal quality of the images obtained. While tonal quality (half-tone gradation) is not critical when copying printed documents, it is an important factor in faithfully reproducing pictorial images. Initial studies show that where trimethylol propane triacrylate is used in the radiation curable material, 20% of a carrier oil such as brominated paraffin improves tonal qualities. Preferred carrier oils are weakly polar solvents having boiling points above 170� C. and preferably in the range of 180� C. to 300� C. The carrier oils used in the present invention are typically those conventionally used in carbonless paper manufacture. These oils are generally characterized by their ability to dissolve Crystal Violet Lactone in a concentration of 0.5 wt % or more. However, a carrier oil is not always necessary. Whether a carrier oil should be used will depend on the solubility of the chromogenic material in the photosensitive composition before exposure, the nature of the chromogenic material and the viscosity of the characteristics of the internal phase. When present, examples of carrier oils are alkylated biphenyls (e.g., monoisopropylbiphenyl), polychlorinated biphenyls, caster oil, mineral oil, deodorized kerosense, naphthenic mineral oils, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl fumerate, brominated paraffin and mixtures thereof. Alkylated biphenyls are generally less toxic and preferred.
Various photoinitiators can be selected for use in the present invention. These compounds absorb the exposure radiation and generate a free radical alone or in conjunction with a sensitizer. Conventionally, there are homolytic photoinitiators which cleave to form two radicals and initiators which radiation converts to an active species which generates a radical by abstracting a hydrogen from a hydrogen donor. There are also initiators which complex with a sensitizer to produce a free radical generating species and initiators which otherwise generate radicals in the presence of a sensitizer. Both types can be used in the present invention. If the system relies upon ionic polymerization to tie up the chromogen, the initiator may be the anion or cation generating type depending on the nature of the polymerization. Where, for example, ultraviolet sensitivity is desired, as in the case of direct transmission imaging using ultraviolet light, suitable photoinitiators include α-alkoxy phenyl ketones, O-acylated-α-oximinoketones, polycylic quinones, benzophenones and substituted benzophenones, xanthones, thioxanthones, halogenated compounds such as chlorosulfonyl and chloromethyl polynuclear aromatic compounds, chlorosulfonyl and chloromethyl heterocyclic compounds, chlorosulfonyl and chloromethyl benzophenones and fluorenones, haloalkanes, α-halo-α-phenylacetophenones; photoreducible dye-reducing agent redox couples, halogenated paraffins (e.g., brominated or chlorinated paraffin) and benzoin alkyl ethers. Specific photoinitiators useful in the present invention include: α-alkoxyketone, α,α-dialkoxyketone, benzophenone, xanthane, chloroxanthanone, chloromethylxanthanone, chlorosulfoxylxanthanone, thioxanthanone, chloroxanthanone, chloromethylthioxanthanone, chlorosulforyl thioxanthanone, chloromethylnaphthalene, chlorosulfonyl naphthalene, chloromethyl anthracene, chlorosulfonyl anthracene, chloromethyl benzoxazole, chloromethyl benzothiazole, chloromethyl benzimidazole, chlorosulfonyl benzoxazole, chlorosulfonyl benzothiazole, chlorosulfonyl benzimidazole, a chloromethyl quinoline, a chlorosulfonyl quinoline, a chloromethyl benzophenone, a chlorosulfonyl benzophenone, a chloromethyl fluorenone, a chlorosulfony fluorenone, carbon tetrabromide, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, desyl chloride, desyl amine, methylene blue/ascorbic acid, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and combinations thereof. The sensitivity among these compounds can be shifted by adding substituents such that the compounds generate radicals when exposed to the desired radiation wavelength.
The photoinitiator is present in the internal phase in an amount sufficient to initiate polymerization or cross-linking within a short exposure time. Using benzoin methyl ether as an example, this photoinitiator is typically present in an amount of up to 10% based on an amount of radiation curable material in the internal phase. Naturally, the amount varies depending on the nature of the other components of the photosensitive composition.
Particularly useful as photoinitators in the present invention are cationic dye-borate anion complexes as disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,112,752; 5,100,755; 5,057,393; 4,865,942; 4,842,980; 4,800,149; 4,772,530 and 4,772,541 which are incorporated herein by reference. When employed as a photoinitiator in the present invention, the cationic dye-borate anion complex is usually used in an amount up to about 1% by weight based on the weight of the photopolymerizable or crosslinkable species in the photohardenable composition. More typically, the cationic dye-borate anion complex is used in an amount of about 0.2% to 0.5% by weight. While the cationic dye-borate anion complex can be used alone as the initiator, film speeds tend to be quite low and oxygen inhibition is observed. It has been found that it is preferable to use the complex in combination with an autoxidizer. An autoxidizer is a compound which is capable of consuming oxygen in a free radical chain process. Examples of useful autoxidizers are N,N-dialkylanilines. Examples of preferred N,N-dialkylanilines are dialkylanilines substituted in one or more of the ortho-, meta-, or para-position by the following groups: methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, 3,4-tetramethylene, phenyl, trifluoromethyl, acetyl, ethoxycarbonyl, carboxy, carboxylate, trimethylsilymethyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, trimethylgermanyl, triethylgermanyl, trimethylstannyl, triethylstannyl, n-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, phenoxy, hydroxy, acetyl-oxy, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, thio-(mercapto-), acetylthio, fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
Representative examples of N,N-dialkylanilines useful in the present invention are 4-cyano-N, N-dimethylaniline, 4-acetyl-N,N-dimethylaniline, 4-bromo-N,Ndimethylaniline, ethyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) benzoate, 3-chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline, 3-ethoxy-N,N-dimethylaniline, 4-fluoro-N,N-dimethylaniline, 4-methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline, 4-ethoxy-N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethylthioanicidine, 4-amino-N,N-dimethylaniline, 3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-dianiline, 4-acetamido-N, N-dimethylaniline, 2,6-diisopropyl-N,N-dimethylaniline (DIDMA), 2,6-diethyl-N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N,2,4,6-pentamethylaniline (PMA) and p-t-butyl-N,N-dimethylaniline. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the photohardenable compositions used in the microcapsules contain a dye borate photoinitiator and a disulfide coinitiator. Examples of useful disulfides are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,230,982.
The developer materials employed in carbonless paper technology are useful in the present invention. Illustrative examples are clay minerals such as acid clay, active clay, attapulgite, etc.; organic acids such as tannic acid, gallic acid, propyl gallate, etc.; acid polymers such as phenol-formaldehyde resins, phenol acetylene condensation resins, condensates between an organic carboxylic acid having at least one hydroxy group and formaldehyde, etc.; metal salts of aromatic carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof such as zinc salicylate, tin salicylate, zinc 2-hydroxy napththoate, zinc 3,5 di-tert butyl salicylate, zinc 3,5-di-(α-methylbenzyl) salicylate, oil soluble metals salts or phenol-formaldehyde novolak resins (e.g., see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,672,935 and 3,732,120) such as zinc modified oil soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,732,120, zinc carbonate etc. and mixtures thereof. The particle size of the developer material is important to obtain a high quality image. The developer particles should be in the range of about 0.2 to 3 microns and, preferably in the range of about 0.5 to 1.5 microns. A suitable binder such as polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, acrylic latices, neoprene emulsions, polystyrene emulsions, and nitrile emulsions, etc. may be mixed with the developer and the microcapsules, typically in an amount of about 1 to 8% by weight, to prepare a coating composition.
A preferred developer material is one which has excellent compatibility with the microcapsule slurry solution. Many materials, including zinc salicylate and some phenolic resin preparations, have marginal or poor compatibility with the MF microcapsule preparation and result in agglomeration which is believed to be due to an incompatibility in the emulsifiers used in preparing the microcapsules and in the developer. The problem manifests itself in increasing solution viscosities or in instability of the microcapsules wall (or both). The microcapsules may become completely disrupted with a complete breakdown or disintegration of the wall. The problem is believed to be caused by the presence of water soluble acid salts in the developer solution. By modifying the acidic salts to make them water insoluble the developer material becomes compatible with the MF microcapsules. A preferred developer, which has good stability is Schenectady International resin HRJ-4250 solution.
One suitable method for encapsulating the internal phase is to disperse a water-immiscible solution of the internal phase constituents in a water miscible solution of the capsule wall forming material and to induce phase separation. In one embodiment of the invention, the internal phase is encapsulated in a urea-formaldehyde wall-former and, more particularly, a urea-resorcinol-formaldehyde wall former in which resorcinol has been added to the wall former to enhance its oleophilicity. Other hydrophilic wall-forming materials which may also be useful in the present invention include gelatin (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,730,456 and 2,800,457 to Green et al) including gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose; resorcinol-formaldehyde (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,190 to Hart et al), isocyanate (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,914,511 to Vassiliades), polyurethane (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,796,669 to Kiritani et al), melamine-formaldehyde resin and hydroxypropyl cellulose, ureaformaldehyde wall-formers and more particularly Urea-resorcinol-formaldehyde wall forms (in which oleophilicity is enhanced by the addition of resorcinal) (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,001,140; 4,087,376 and 4,089,802 to Foris et al) melamine-formaldehyde resin and hydroxypropyl cellulose (see commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,025,455 to Shackle). To the extent necessary for complete disclosure of those wall-forming materials, the above mentioned patents are specifically incorporated by reference. Microencapsulation has been accomplished by a variety of known techniques including coacervation, interfacial polymerization, polymerization of one or more monomers in an oil, as well as various melting, dispersing and cooling methods.
The capsule forming material used in a given imaging system is selected based on the photosensitive composition present in the encapsulate. Thus, the formed capsule wall must be transmissive to the exposure radiation. Of the above systems urea-resorcinol-formaldehyde and gelatin capsules are preferred.
The mean size of the capsules used in the present invention may vary over a broad range but generally ranges from approximately 1 to 25 microns. As a general rule, image resolution improves as the capsule size decreases with the caveat that if the capsule size is too small, the capsule may sit within incongruities in the support and the support may screen the capsules from exposure. Very small capsules may also fail to rupture upon the application of pressure. In view of the foregoing, it has been found that a preferred mean capsule size range is approximately 3 to 15 microns and particularly approximately 3 to 10 microns.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the imaging system is a sealed self-contained imaging system. This sealed format is advantageous because it prevents the developer material and the chemicals in the microcapsules from contacting persons during handling and, depending on the nature of the supports, it also may prevent oxygen from permeating into the photohardenable material which may improve film speed and the stability of the image. The term "sealed" as used herein refers to a seal which is designed as a nontemporary seal which results in destruction of the imaging assembly if the seal is broken.
The peripheral edges of the self-contained assembly may be sealed additionally by any of the conventional means used to seal polymeric materials such as polyethylene terephthalate. For example, the edges of the films can be heat sealed together or they can be sealed by any other technique. In one embodiment, the PET is sealed using a heat sealing method such as a heat knife.
In the imaging assembly of the invention, the previously mentioned first support is transparent and the second support may be transparent or opaque. In the latter case, an image is provided against a white background as viewed through the transparent support and in the former case a transparency is provided in which the image is viewed as a transparency preferably using an overhead or slide projector. Sometimes herein the first support may be referred to as the "front" support and the second support may be referred to as the "back" support. Typically, the first transparent support is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and the second support is typically a polyethylene terephthalate film containing an opacifying agent such as a white pigment. Such supports are known in the art.
In order to insure that the imaging system is effectively sealed between the supports, a subbing layer is provided between one of the supports and the imaging layer and an adhesive is provided between the other support and the imaging layer. For optical clarity, the subbing layer will typically be located between the first support and the imaging layer. However, which support receives the subbing layer and which support receives the adhesive is a function of which support is coated with the wet imaging layer composition and which is assembled with the coated and dried imaging layer. The support which is coated with the imaging layer composition (which is typically the front support) will be provided with the subbing layer and the support which is assembled will receive the adhesive. In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, the subbing layer is formed from a compound having chemical moieties such as hydroxy groups which will react with and bind to the microcapsules.
One technique which is useful to improve media stability resides in conditioning the developer and microcapsule layer at a relative humidity of about 10 to 40% and preferably, about 20%. Most preferably, the layer is conditioned at about 20% R.H., for about 2 to 12 hours or more at ambient temperatures. Sealing of the assembly at low R.H. levels after conditioning assures that the layer is relatively moisture-free during the normal shelf-life of the assembly and this reduces the tendency for the developer layer and the microcapsule layer to remain in contact after development resulting in image darkening as described above.
Adhesive materials useful in the present invention can be selected from the general class of "modified acrylics" which have good adhesion, and which may be formulated with improved "tack" by addition of tackifying resins or other chemical additives. A useful adhesive must be designed for high initial adhesion and for adhesion to plastic substrates like polyester. It must have the ability to flow quickly for laminating to porous material (the imaging layer) and yet have inertness to the imaging layer. High strength adhesives specifically found useful in this invention are the film label stock adhesives of the 3M Company; preferred are 3M's #300 and #310 adhesive formulas which have shown good "inertness" to the imaging layer and its stability, and are useful when applied in the amount of about 0.5 to 2.0 g/m2.
Other examples of adhesives useful in this invention may be aqueous-based adhesives such as Aerosett 2177 or Aerosett 2550 both of which are commercially available from Ashland Chemical Co., PD 0681, AP 6903, and W 3320 available from H. B. Fuller, or solvent-based adhesives such as PS 508 sold by Ashland Chemical Co. The adhesives may be used separately or in combination. Preferably, the adhesive is transparent or translucent and most preferably it is a transparent adhesive which remains clear even after subjecting the assembly to radiation and pressure necessary to image-wise expose and rupture the microcapsules. The amount of the adhesive will vary depending on the nature of the adhesive and the support. The adhesive is generally applied in an amount of about 0.5 to 20 g/m2.
Photosensitive materials were prepared using three photosensitive cylith systems containing an internal oil phase which, typically, comprises TMPTA/DPHPA monomers, antioxidant, leuco dye, DIDMA, photoinitiators, dye borate compound, disulfide and isocyanate. The three cylith systems (cyan, magenta and yellow) were separately made according to the standard Cycolor process. The amounts of materials used in the coating compositions are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________ Coating Wt.(g)______________________________________ Cylith 28.20% Developer resin 65.87% Other additives 5.93%______________________________________
The other additives include crosslinking material, dispersant, etc. As a control, conventional melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules containing a photosensitive internal phase were coated onto a substrate along with a developer resin, and other additives, e.g., crosslinking material, dispersant, etc. Two samples (Sample No. 1 and Sample No. 2) were prepared and coated onto separate substrates in which the coatings were modified to contain, respectively, 1.51% and 2.97% of AQ55.
The photosensitive materials were stored under different temperatures and humidity conditions and exposed and developed in a conventional manner. H&D curves for cyan, magenta and yellow cyliths were prepared and the photographic properties shown, respectively, in Tables 2, 3 and 4.
TABLE 2______________________________________(Cyan) Run 1 2 3 Temp. (� C.) 21 21 60 DifferenceR.H. (%) 45 20 1 vs. 2 1 vs. 3 2 vs. 3______________________________________Control Dmax 1.66 1.75 1.65 0.09 -0.01 -0.10 Dmin 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.01 0.02 0.01 D90 2.68 2.82 2.81 0.14 0.13 -0.01 D50 3.00 3.22 3.05 0.22 0.05 -0.17 D10 3.36 3.63 3.41 0.27 0.05 -0.22Sample 1 (1.51% AQ55) Dmax 1.74 1.84 1.69 0.10 -0.05 -0.15 Dmin 0.11 0.12 0.113 0.01 0.02 0.01 D90 2.80 2.83 2.82 0.03 0.02 -0.01 D50 3.10 3.24 3.05 0.14 -0.05 -0.19 D10 3.46 3.67 3.40 0.21 -0.06 -0.27Sample 2 (2.97% AQ55) Dmax 1.71 1.80 1.70 0.09 -0.01 -0.10 Dmin 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.01 0.02 0.01 D90 2.80 2.83 2.83 0.03 0.03 0.00 D50 3.09 3.29 3.07 0.20 -0.02 -0.22 D10 3.40 3.69 3.43 0.29 0.03 -0.26______________________________________
TABLE 3______________________________________(Magenta) Run 1 2 3 Temp. (� C.) 21 21 60 DifferenceR.H. (%) 45 20 1 vs. 2 1 vs. 3 2 vs. 3______________________________________Control Dmax 1.68 1.76 1.70 0.08 0.02 -0.06 Dmin 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.02 0.03 0.01 D90 2.68 2.79 2.82 0.11 0.14 0.03 D50 2.91 3.09 3.02 0.18 0.11 -0.07 D10 3.30 3.50 3.36 0.20 0.06 -0.14Sample 1 (1.5% AQ) Dmax 1.75 1.85 1.75 0.10 0.00 -0.10 Dmin 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.01 0.02 0.01 D90 2.79 2.79 2.83 0.00 0.04 0.04 D50 3.02 3.13 3.02 0.11 0.00 -0.11 D10 3.38 3.51 3.36 0.13 -0.02 -0.15Sample 2 (2.97% AQ) Dmax 1.74 1.80 1.75 0.06 0.01 -0.05 Dmin 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.02 0.03 0.01 D90 2.79 2.80 2.83 0.01 0.04 0.03 D90 3.01 3.15 3.04 0.14 0.03 -0.11 D10 3.32 3.52 3.37 0.20 0.05 -0.15______________________________________
TABLE 4______________________________________(Yellow) Run 1 2 3 Temp. (� C.) 21 21 60 DifferenceR.H. (%) 45 20 1 vs. 2 1 vs. 2 2 vs. 3______________________________________Control Dmax 1.40 1.51 1.42 0.11 0.02 -0.09 Dmin 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.01 0.02 0.01 D90 2.83 2.93 2.95 0.10 0.12 0.02 D50 3.35 3.45 3.51 0.10 0.16 0.06 D10 3.63 3.88 3.72 0.25 0.09 -0.16Sample 1 (1.5% AQ) Dmax 1.46 1.58 1.47 0.12 0.01 -0.11 Dmin 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.01 0.02 0.01 D90 2.97 2.96 2.94 -0.01 -0.03 -0.02 D50 3.45 3.44 3.51 -0.01 0.06 0.07 D10 3.72 3.91 3.73 0.19 0.01 -0.18Sample 2 (2.97% AQ) Dmax 1.44 1.56 1.49 0.12 0.05 -0.07 Dmin 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.01 0.02 0.01 D90 2.99 2.94 2.93 -0.05 -0.06 -0.01 D50 3.45 3.44 3.51 -0.01 0.06 0.07 D10 3.67 3.92 3.73 0.25 0.06 -0.19______________________________________
The following observations on the performance of photosensitive media using AQ55 as an additive in the cooling composition of the media on a substrate are summarized as follows:
(1) At low humidity (21/20) the Cyan system shows the most change.
(2) In all the three systems (CMY), the Toe Sensitivity is affected the most. Cyan has the largest D-- 10 shift of 0.27, followed by Yellow, 0.25, then Magenta, 0.20.
(3) The D-- 90 and D-- 50 of yellow are affected the least, followed by Magenta then Cyan with the largest shifts of 0.14 and 0.22 respectively.
(4) With 1 part AQ55, D-- 90 change for Cyan is only 0.03, more than 1 step improvement, D-- 50 change is 0.14, also almost 1 step improvement. The D-- 10 shift has only 1/2 step improvement.
(5) Increasing the amount of AQ55, 2 parts has no advantage at low humidity, except for higher Dmax.
(1) At 60� C., Magenta and Yellow are most affected.
(2) All three systems show a loss of sensitivity at high temperature.
(3) With 1 part AQ55, the overall change is very minimized. And toe becomes slightly faster (1/2 step max). Max change in D-- 90 is 0.04 as compared to 0.15 of control, D-- 50 max change is 0.06 as compared to 0.16 of control.
(4) Drop in Dmax with temperature is very much minimized with AQ55 additive.
Having described the invention in detail and by reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention defined in the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text:
Full detailed profile on Martino Vitali Played by Joe Penny on Days of Our Lives Daytime Soap Opera.
Joe Penny (Paul Skipper/JPI)
Birthday: June 24 1956
Kate arrives at the scene of the crime and Detective Sullivan takes her information. She says she didn't see anything. She just arrived for dinner. She takes a call from Martino Vitali. "Long time no hear," he says. He wants to get together with Kate. Kate's surprised to hear from him and tells him she gave up that lifestyle a long time ago. He tells her he's in town for family matters and wants to buy her a drink. She's hesitant until he tells her no strings. She agrees to meet him for a drink.
Steve goes back into Ava's room to find out how she is. Ava asks him to come close and when he does, she asks him to get her out of there. Steve refuses, even when she tells him he owes her. She starts yelling, "Get me out of here," and Kayla comes to his side and asks Ava to take it easy. Martino Vitali appears behind Steve and Kayla and introduces himself.
« Back to Martino Vitali profile

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Polkinghorne Reader, The
Details and Description
The Revd. Dr. John Polkinghorne is a world-renowned authority in the field of science and religion. His numerous books in this area, written over the past three decades, have been hugely influential. The Polkinghorne Reader brings together key extracts from his writings on core issues such as the nature of science, the physical world, human nature, love, theology, creation, providence, prayer and miracle, time, evil, Jesus, the resurrection, the Trinity, eschatology, and world faiths. Ideal for readers who are new to Polkinghorne or who are just beginning to explore the interplay between science and religion, this collection will also be welcomed by all who have read his earlier works but would like one handy resource that presents the major facets of his thought in an accessible and systematic fashion.
Table of Contents
Theological Book Review--Vol. 22, No. 2
John Polkinghorne, as scientist and Christian, is regularly cited as a counter-example to the idea that science and religion are incompatible. Here, editor TJ Oord, has collected key chapters, from more than John Polkinghorne's thirty books, which explore Christianity's compatibility with science…I recommend this book to students of philosophy as a book worth arguing over. Christian students, meanwhile, will find the later focus on more specific doctrinal issues particularly of interest.


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PAINTSVILLE – As part of the ongoing Rural Roots Series, Appalachian Artists Inc. will present a night of bluegrass music with the return of the Appalachian Jubilee.
The Jubilee is scheduled to take place at the Historic Sipp Theater, Saturday, April 6, beginning at 7 p.m. The list of performers includes Bluegrass Riot, Black Powder Express, Hammertowne, and 5 Miles from Nowhere.
Bluegrass Riot, known for their traditional bluegrass sound, formed their band in 2009 with a guitar, a banjo, and a dream. Band members include Jared Goforth on banjo, Dustin Newsome on guitar and lead vocals, McKay Vanhoose on bass, Ernie Hurt on mandolin and vocals, and Jordan Spiegle on fiddle.
Black Powder Express, from Salyersville, originated from a few friends who would occasionally play music at the Magoffin County Muzzleloaders Club functions. AB Conley, president of the Muzzleloaders Club, gave the band its name after the hand-made black powder rifles that the members of the band shoot at Club events. The band is truly dedicated to the preservation of heritage and the history of bluegrass music as a whole. Members include: Toddie Preston, Chandler Allen, Jason Preston, Duane Prater and Andrea Preston.
Hammertowne, formed with members from Ashland, Lexington, and Louisa, was an instant connection. In most cases, much forethought, planning, and sometimes recruiting, goes into forming a musical unit, but not in this case. This group of musicians gathered in a studio as session players on a solo effort, and something special transpired. After the stop button had been hit on the first take of the first song, several seconds of complete silence filled the place, until finally from the control room came… "WOW." The energy and musical compatibility was so strong, that it gave birth to a new group. Thus, Hammertowne was born. Members include Scott Tackett, Brent Pack, Chaston Carroll, Doug Burchett and Dave Carroll.
5 Miles from Nowhere, formed in early 1998 with the original members of Philip Ramey, Brett Ratliff, Aaron Davis, Matt Blanton, and Donald Caudill. They began performing regularly at the Paintsville Recreation Center, where they developed an enormous following. Not long after, they began to make a large amount of public appearances throughout the region with their new bass man, Donnie Witten, despite the loss of Matt Blanton. Since their start there has been a following of extraordinary success and the group plans to continue catering great bluegrass music to their fans for years to come.
Tickets for the Appalachian Jubilee are $10 and are available at Paintsville City Hall, (606) 789-2600
Participating sponsors of the Rural Roots Series include Appalachian Wireless, Citizens National Bank, Fairway Signs, Paintsville Tourism, and Ramada Inn.


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The Veyron's*) central nervous system consists of three data buses –
one for the driveline, one for the convenience functions, and one for the internal diagnostics system. A total of 26 control devices is connected to these buses. This digital network comprises the car's complete intelligence system: from engine regulation to electric windows; from rear spoiler control to GPS. In place of a traditional network, Bugatti equipped the Veyron with a lightweight onboard network also used in aviation technology. This saves 5 kg of weight and also offers extreme temperature resistance. The hub of this network is the telemetry computer. It constantly collects all vehicle data, checks them for reliability, and monitors battery voltage. As soon as the values become critical, the computer automatically transmits an error report to Bugatti – from anywhere in the world. Whenever there's the possibility of a malfunction, there is also perfect service available. Customers may of course deactivate this option, but they can also intensify the service level: the Veyron's GPS data are always accessible in case the car should go missing. In addition, the Veyron features speech-controlled, hands-free mobile phone operation with integrated Bluetooth technology. The Bluetooth GPS is controlled via an exclusive Bugatti PDA. Both systems use the Burmester sound system for crystal-clear audio output. All visual data are displayed on the rearview mirror – a feat made possible by the extremely bright LED display placed behind the semi-transparent mirror glass. The PDA boasts additional useful features: drivers can use it to access lap times, tire pressure, gas consumption, and key telemetry data.
Data transmission
The lightweight electrical system of the Veyron (below) weighs much less than a conventional on-board system and is also more temperature resistant.
*) Gearbox: 7 Gear DSG, fuel consumption in town: 41.9l/100km, fuel consumption out of town: 15.6l/100km, fuel consumption combined: 24.9l/100km, CO2 emission combined: 596g/km, Efficiency Class: G
Annual tax for this vehicle €1132
Energy costs at a mileage of 20,000 km:
Fuel costs (Super Plus) at a fuel price of 1.624 EUR/billing unit €8087.52
Created on: 11/30/2011
The values were calculated using the prescribed measurement method (§ 2, numbers 5, 6, 6 per car energy labeling ordinance in its current version).CO2 emissions, which result from the production and provision of fuel or other energy sources are not taken into account in the determination of CO2 emissions pursuant to Directive 1999/94/EC. The figures do not refer to a specific vehicle and are not part of the offer, but only serve the purpose of comparing different vehicle types. The fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of a vehicle not only depend on the efficient utilization of the fuel by the vehicle, but also on driving style and other non-technical factors. CO2 is the main greenhouse gas responsible for global warming. Notice pursuant to Directive 1999/94/EC of each current valid version: For more information on official fuel consumption and the specific official CO2 emissions of new passenger cars can be acquired from the "Guide for Fuel Economy, CO2 Emissions and Power Consumption of New Passenger Cars" available at all sales outlets and at DAT German Automobil Treuhand GmbH, Hellmuth-Hirth-Strasse 1, D-73760 Ostfildern – available free of charge or at www.dat.de. Efficiency classes of vehicles are evaluated in terms of CO2 emissions by means of the vehicle's empty weight. Vehicles that correspond to the average are classified as D. Vehicles that are better are graded with A+, A, B or C. Vehicles that are worse than the average are given an E, F or G.


text:
See you soon.
Boys & Bunkbeds
See you soon.
9 comments:
what cute little guys! :)ReplyDelete
Gorgeous :) KxReplyDelete
Such gorgeous photographs of beautiful boys. I especially love the last one of Bertie - he is starting to look very grown up in his big boy bed! xReplyDelete
Is that since you changed his bed Kerry? Raffy ventures into our room every night between 12 and 1 too. We have recently put a mattress on the floor in our room hoping he will settle in there without getting in with us but he still wakes up all the time. Considering getting a single bed and make a fuss and get him back in his room. aaaarrrrggggghhhh, I've aged xReplyDeleteReplies
Bribery. It's the only thing that works! (For us anyway!)Delete
sweet to think they will be sharing a room at some point. brothers rock! (sometimes. unless they are fighting. which is quite often. hmph!). xReplyDelete
Aww, they're such handsome little (and littler) dudes! Hoping that means you're getting some sleep again xReplyDelete
Adorable! These photos are so great. I'm happy to have shared in this moment.ReplyDelete
Hello. I always love to hear from you and I always try and reply back here in the comments section :)
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BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//126.96.36.199//NONSGML kigkonsult.se iCalcreator 2.20// CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH X-WR-CALNAME:Rocky Mountain Raceways-Drag Racing\, Motocross Racing\, Oval Racing in Salt Lake\, Utah X-WR-CALDESC: X-FROM-URL:http://www.rmrracing.com X-WR-TIMEZONE:America/Denver BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:America/Denver X-LIC-LOCATION:America/Denver BEGIN:STANDARD DTSTART:20151101T020000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0600 TZOFFSETTO:-0700 TZNAME:MST END:STANDARD BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20150308T020000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0700 TZOFFSETTO:-0600 TZNAME:MDT END:DAYLIGHT END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT UID:email@example.com DTSTAMP:20150802T164211Z CATEGORIES;LANGUAGE=en-US:America First Credit Union Super Oval CONTACT:(801) 252-9557 DESCRIPTION:RMR Oval Racing Series\nSaturday\, September 13-Seven Peaks Pas s of all Pass Night\nFeaturing Maverik Modifieds\, Comcast Super Stocks\, Figure-8 Cars\, Hornets\, and Jr. Stingers\nSpectators\n\nGates open at 4 p.m. | Qualifying at 5:30 p.m. | Heat Races 6:15 p.m. | Main Events 7:15 p .m.\nAdults $15 | Kids (5-12) $5 | 4 and under free\n\nSeven Peaks Pass of all Pass\nOnly valid for cardholders admission\, non transferable. Ticket s are not distributed\, cardholders present their pass at the entrance gat e on day of event.In the case of multiple events on the same day\, admissi on will only be granted to the specified Pass of all Pass event. No re-adm ittance.\nRacers\n\nCredentials 1:15-3:30 p.m. | Practice 2:30 p.m.\nParti cipant $40 | Restricted Area Pass $20\nDrivers must pay an entrance fee fo r each class they are participating in. \nAnyone in the pits who is under 18 (participant and/or crew) must have a complete minor packet on file. \n Drivers must have a RMR registered number ($30-season) and be a RMR Track Member ($50-season.) DTSTART;TZID=America/Denver:20140913T160000 DTEND;TZID=America/Denver:20140913T163000 LOCATION:6555 West 2100 South\, West Valley City\, UT 84128\, USA SEQUENCE:0 SUMMARY:RMR Oval Racing Series-Seven Peaks Pass of all Pass Night URL:http://www.rmrracing.com/event/rmr-oval-racing-series-seven-peaks-pass- of-all-pass-night-2/ X-ALT-DESC;FMTTYPE=text/html:\\n\\n\\n
Featuring Maverik Modifieds\, Comcast Super Stocks\, Figure -8 Cars\, Hornets\, and Jr. Stingers\n
Only valid for ca rdholders admission\, non transferable. Tickets are not distributed\, card holders present their pass at the entrance gate on day of event.In the cas e of multiple events on the same day\, admission will only be granted to t he specified Pass of all Pass event. No re-admittance.\n


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Akai Tori No Kokoro (Series)Akai Tori No Kokoro (Series) (1979) Anime Series by Dave Koch
This page has been viewed 8 times this month, and 198 times total.
- Akai Tori no Kokoro AnimeAnime SeriesSeries
- Traditional Animation
- Shin'ei Dôga
- Series Began Airing on February 05, 1979.
- Running Time: 30 minutes.
- Color
- Japan
Cartoon Summary:
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text:
Mitchell Hovey, Ed.D.
Professor of Education / Director of M.S. in Education
|Office Phone:
|(951) 343-3980
|Email Address:
|Office Location:
|10730 Hemet Street
|Office Hours:
|By Appointment
|Major Emphasis
|Leadership and Education
|Azusa Pacific University
|Administrative Education
|Azusa Pacific University
|Biological Sciences
|University of Southern California
Additional Education
- California Teaching Credential (Single Subject), Life
- California Administrative Services Credential, Life
- Bilingual Certificate of Competence (BCC) - Spanish, Life
Classes Taught
- EDU300 - American Public School (E1, E2)
- EDU302 - Growth, Development, & Learning (E2)
- LDR450 – Culture and Leadership (E2)
- EDL530 – Introduction to Educational Leadership (E1)
Academic Areas / Scholarly Interests
Teaching Experience at Institutions Other than CBU
Azusa Pacific University (Undergraduate, Masters and Doctorate level classes – Education, 1994-2012)
Research, Presentations, and Publications
- Sick leave incentive plans: Can they significantly impact teacher absenteeism and instructional programs for students?, 1997, Presentation
- Analysis and Management of Teacher Absenteeism in Selected School Districts of Varying Sizes in San Bernardino County, 1999, Dissertation
- Leading in financially troubled times, Azusa Pacific University career workshop, 2009, Presentation
- Saturday School Attendance and Recovery Program (SSOAR), Association of California School Administrators (ACSA) State Conference, 2010, Presentation
Church Membership / Activities
Solid Ground Brethren in Christ Church (SGBIC) - Church Board member (retired), School Board member (retired), Youth counselor and Sunday School teacher (retired)
Community Service / Involvement
- American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO), Executive Board Member & Coach, 1990-1999
- City of Rancho Cucamonga, Theater and Drama community youth program, 2001-2006
Practical Work Experience:
Teacher, Coach, Athletic Director, Principal, Director of Administrative Services, Assistant Superintendent - Educational Services, Superintendent – 40 years (Public and private school)
- ACSA Orange County Superintendent of the Year, 2012
- City of Fullerton, Educator of the Year, 2012
- Fullerton District Council PTA, Golden Oak Award, 2012
- Certificate of Congressional Recognition, 2012
- Spirit of Hope Award, Hope International University, 2009
- Academic Hall of Honor, Azusa Pacific University, 2006


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Loss of business caused by natural phenomena such as volcanic ash clouds will become insurable for the first time, aviation insurer Swiss Re has announced.
It is launching a product that will cover "non-damage business interruption" losses. The insurable causes of disruption can include atmospheric ash, the results of seismic activity such as earthquakes, and meteorological phenomena such as floods, storms and snow, Swiss Re director Oliver Dlugosch told delegates at the 27 January JLT Aviation Insurance Conference in Dubai.
Dlugosch emphasised that the cover will only be for the business losses caused by the phenomena, not any physical damage that may be caused, and that cover is not being offered for business losses caused by war, pandemics or GPS failure.
The cost of cover will depend on how much risk the customer airline is prepared to take on itself. For example, it would be cheaper if the airline were to agree to be covered only for losses resulting from a disruption that continued beyond six days, or for the losses owing to flight cancellations beyond an agreed threshold.
Dlugosch says he is not sure what level of interest this offer will generate, because he believes many airlines may continue to self-insure. He adds that it would be important to spread the risk geographically because too big a take-up in a single geographical area such as Europe for ash cloud disruption, for example, would expose the insurance industry to an unsustainably high risk.
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Below is the poem entitled Glorious Dawn which was written by poet
Foster. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Margaret Foster
In golden rays of early light
Dark shadows flee from yonder hill
As twinkling stars farewell the night
And leave the sky pale rose and still
Then calling birds their chorus ring
In golden rays of early light
To welcome dawn they join and sing
A blessing thus of pure delight
Calm waters on the lake shine bright
Blue dragonflies dart to and fro
In golden rays of early light
The silver fish entrap the glow
And all of this is yours and mine
A rare and precious wondrous sight
Wrought by a presence so divine
In golden rays of early light


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Logan Memorial is pleased to once again be named one of the nation's top performers on quality. Read more.
Many companies today use social media in a variety of ways to keep their customers up-to-date. Logan Memorial Hospital is no different, we want to stay connected with patients, staff, and the community. Please like our Facebook page to get the latest news!
Logan Memorial Hospital is pleased to announce that Shirley Blick is the 2015 Mercy Award winner.Read more.
7/22/2015 - Taking care of asthma: How to spot an attack and how to help Read more
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Why no half ranks?
View Single Post
October 5 2009, 04:21 AM
Mr. Laser Beam
Fleet Admiral
Location: The visitor's bullpen
Re: Why no half ranks?
I tend to believe that the Earth Starfleet had dozens, if not hundreds, of ships even by ENT's time. They just weren't all as fancy as the ones we saw. The bulk of Earth's spacefleet probably looked like
As for the question of half ranks: Again, just because we rarely saw them doesn't mean they didn't exist. Did we ever see somebody get promoted straight from Lieutenant to Commander? Or Ensign to full Lieutenant? No? Then it's possible that the ranks of LTJG and Lt. Cmdr. do exist. It's not like the costuming department couldn't make the appropriate insignia if they felt like it. I mean, Mirror T'Pol was a LCDR, after all...
Timo wrote:
The impression we got was that Krim was a really big boss in the organization, although not necessarily the very top dog.
Krim was cool. He was the very model of a modern Bajor general.
"Pitching is simple -- cheese for the kitchen and a yakker for the kudo." - Dennis Eckersley
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Legends continue road trip with four at Hagerstown
South Atlantic League baseball
Lexington Legends
at Hagerstown Suns
What: Four-game series
When: Thursday through Sunday (7:05 Thursday through Saturday nights, 1:05 Sunday afternoon)
Where: Municipal Stadium (Hagerstown, Md.)
Major League affiliates: Kansas City Royals (Legends), Washington Nationals (Suns)
Probable pitchers (Legends listed first): Thursday, RH Christian Binford (4-3, 2.30) vs. RH Pedro Encarnacion (5-4, 3.40); Friday, LH Crawford Simmons (0-1, 7.59) vs. LH Matt Purke (1-1, 3.13); Saturday, RH Leonel Santiago (0-0, 3.60) vs. RH Dixon Anderson (5-4, 2.88); Sunday, RH Miguel Almonte (3-5, 3.42) vs. LH Brett Mooneyham (3-2, 2.73).
Legend to watch: 1B Mark Donato (6-foot-1, 201 pounds, age 21, bats and throws left, from Philadelphia) leads Lexington with a .337 batting average, .370 on-base percentage and .522 slugging over 24 games. Nine of his 31 hits have been for extra bases — four homers and five doubles. He has driven in 14 runs and scored nine, with 48 total bases. A 2012 26th-round draft pick out of Indian River State College in Florida, Donato played 38 games for the Arizona League Royals last year. He batted .253 with three homers, 27 RBI and 24 runs. He tied for 10th in the league with 13 doubles. A graduate of Philadelphia's Neumann Goretti High, he was named by the Philadelphia Daily News as co-player of the year in 2009 and pitcher of the year in 2010.
Sun to watch: All-star C Pedro Severino (6-1, 180, 19, right/right, from Bonao, Domican Republic) is batting .244 through Tuesday, with 25 RBI and 18 runs over 46 games. Overall, he is hitting .250 versus left-handers, .242 against righties, .278 at home and .214 on the road. Signed as a free agent, Severino broke into pro ball in 2011 with the Gulf Coast League Nationals, batting .183 over 32 games. Last year, again with the GCL Nats, he improved to .220 over 38 games. His two-year totals in the GCL included two homers, 17 RBI and 25 runs, with 36 strikeouts and 19 walks.
Radio: WLXG-AM 1300


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Posted at: 11/12/2012 5:50 PM
By: Joseph Lynch, KOB Eyewitness News
Photo: Jessey Baca
Throughout the weekend and Monday, we have honored our veterans. So, Monday couldn't have been a more fitting day to grant a dying soldier's wish. The hope is to give something back. Something his service has taken away.
A wish came true Monday for Jessey Baca. A brand new Craftsman riding lawnmower. Baca has served in the Navy and National Guard for nearly 40 years. Lung damage from "burn pits" while serving in the gulf has forced his retirtement. It's slowly killing him, but he says he sees a lot of veterans worse off than him. It wasn't easy for Baca to accept the gift.
"I was almost at the point, I couldn't accept it. But they told me no; we thank you for your service and please accept our gift and I said with that, absolutely," Baca said.
His wife, Maria Baca, said there's no way they could have gotten a lawnmower so nice.
"He never expected anything like this. Especially in our budget. We can't afford it. We have too many medical bills," Maria said.
The Baca family has been through a lot. Spending quailty "family time" in their backyard is one of their favorite pastimes. Baca said his new mower won't just be good for his lawn.
"For me backyard work isn't. It's not work. For me it's very therapy, mental therapy. It helps me forget about the issues that i'm going through," Baca said.
Maria thought the timing couldn't have been better.
"We did not expect it on Veterans Day. What a more fitting day for my soldier than to get this on Veterans Day," Maria said.


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We work with some incredibly brilliant and talented people at Paperny Films, who are currently up to some pretty exciting things. We love to celebrate in their successes and share them with others.
Can it be true? Yes, five Seasons of Glutton for Punishment come to a close with one last episode on Food Network Canada, 'The Best Of '. Prepare to laugh and cry, as we re-live a few of our favourite moments from the last five seasons and 58 challenges.
They decided to risk it and let me out of the cage - so last week, I headed to my first market -- Realscreen 2011.
With just two episodes remaining in Season 5, our extreme food adventurer, Bob Blumer, is at it again, taking on yet another Guinness World Record. This time it is bound to bring Bob to tears.


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Vassar Brothers Medical Center
Poughkeepsie, NY
active jobs
Vassar Brothers Medical Center
is a 365 bed facility that has been serving New York's Mid-Hudson Valley since 1887. Located on the banks of the Hudson River,
Vassar Brothers
has established centers of excellence in cardiac services, cancer care and women and children's health services. As a regional medical center, Vassar houses the area's first and only cardiothoracic surgery center between Westchester and Albany and delivers more babies than any other hospital between Manhattan and Montreal. Vassar has a state-of-the-art birthing center with private luxury maternity suites, each with a striking view of the Hudson River and a newly renovated and expanded outpatient cancer center. The Dyson Center for Cancer Care is designed to accommodate patients and their families while providing infusion therapy, radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, (PET)positron emission therapy and a wide variety of support groups.
Vassar Brothers
has the only level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in the Mid-Hudson Valley and the only dedicated Pediatric Unit. The Medical Center houses the Center for Advanced Surgery, one of the most sophisticated operating rooms in the world and one of only a handful in the United States. The Vassar Brothers Wound Care Center, intended for the treatment of chronic, non-healing wounds, has one of the highest healing rates in the country. To its south is
the Vassar Brothers
Medical Mall, located at the intersection of Interstate 84 and Route 9. The facility houses the Fishkill Ambulatory Surgery Center, the Vassar Brothers Imaging Center, which offers CAT scans, bone densitometry and mammography, Radiation Oncology and the Vassar Brothers Center for Sleep Medicine.
recently launched the Diabetes Wellness Program, dedicated to the education and treatment of the disease. The Medical Center is now treating more patients than ever in its newly renovated Emergency Room.
Vassar Brothers
is an affiliate of the Health Quest hospital system, which also includes Northern Dutchess Hospital in Rhinebeck and Putnam Hospital Center in Carmel.
Career Opportunities
The following is a list of screenings, support groups, classes and events that are available at Vassar Brothers Medical Center. We also hold free lectures on a variety of topics.
Better Breathers Support Group - for adults with asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and other chronic lung diseases. For more information, please call (845) 452-5490.
Cancer Patients Support Group - Professional social workers & nurses will lead discussions about ways to cope with illness and treatment. For more information, please call (845)483-6394.
Cancer Patients Support Group in Fishkill- Professional social workers & nurses will lead discussions about ways to cope with illness and treatment. The meetings will be held at the Fishkill Radiation Oncology Center in the Vassar Brothers Medical Mall. For more information, please call (845) 838 - 8103.
Cancer Screenings- Free screenings offered for Prostate Cancer, Breast Cancer, Skin Cancer, and Oral Cancer) held each Spring (April/May) and Fall (Sept/Oct). For more information, please call (845) 483-6314.
Diabetes Support Group- Our Diabetes Wellness Program has been accredited as an American Diabetes Association Recognized Educational Program. The Diabetes Support Group offers a flexible schedule of afternoon or evening meetings. The group meets 2 times each month and discusses a variety of topics. If you plan on attending, please call us at (845) 483-6066 to register for the support group meetings or for more information.
Day Diabetes Support Group, 1 to 3 pm, 2nd floor, Dyson Center Conference Room
Date: May 2, 2006 Topic: Diabetes in Public
Date: June 6, 2006 Topic: On the Road again
Date: July No Group
Evening Diabetes Support Group, 6 to 9 pm, 2nd floor, Dyson Center Conference Room
Date: April 6, 2006 Topic: Insulin: It's not the Enemy
Date: May 4, 2006 Topic: Diabetes in Public
Date: June 1, 2006 Topic: On the Road again
Date: July No Group
For Children Only - For children ages 6 to 18, who have a relative or friend with cancer. Program includes tours, education, support activities and lunch. For more information, please call (845) 437-3015.
For Friends & Family of Cancer Patients Support Group - Available on-site at Vassar Brothers. For more information, please call (845) 483-6394.
HANDS (Hope After Neonatal Death through Sharing) - Provides support for anyone coping with the death of a baby. For more information, please call (845) 483-6683.
Head and Neck Cancer Support Group - Provides support for anyone affected by head and neck cancer. Led by healthcare professionals. Family members are welcome to attend. For more information, please call (845) 483 -6861. Schedule of 2006 Head and Neck Cancer Support Group Meetings
We've brought together all the necessary emotional and intellectual components - the attention and care, the experience and technology - to deliver a unified plan for your recovery.
The Heart Institute is led by a team of board-certified cardiologists and cardiac surgeons, trained at the world's most prestigious medical institutions and practicing under the highest standards and medical protocols.
The support staff includes cardiac and critical care nurses, nutrition specialists and physical therapists, each prepared to participate in your diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. And every stage of treatment is carefully coordinated with your primary care provider as part of an integrated health program.
The Heart Institute offers a growing array of cardiology services, from testing and diagnosis to the latest, minimally invasive treatments. The region's top cardiologists, working in conjunction with the Heart Institute, perform these procedures in their offices or at Vassar Brothers Medical Center.
In addition to cardiology services, Vassar Brothers Medical Center also provides cardiac surgery. Cardiac and Surgery Services are headed by a nationally recognized cardiothoracic surgeon and a staff of medical professionals selected for their experience and qualifications in cardiac care. These are the people who know hearts best, and they chose
Vassar Brothers
Medical Center because of our commitment to both quality care and progressive treatment options.
The Heart Institute features state-of-the-art support facilities, including the region's only Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, and fully equipped suites for cardiac surgery and angioplasty. The dedicated chest pain emergency room features eight monitored beds and provides 24-hour urgent care for cardiac patients.
Vassar Brothers Medical Center
45 Reade Place
Poughkeepsie, NY 12601
(845) 454-8500
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(845) 471-3700
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Rome Vespa Tour: Off the Beaten Path
August 2013
Riding on the Vespa!
Selfie.. the universal word.
June 2015
He did not understand that I wanted a pic until I held up my iPhone and said selfie Fantastic Gelato... and I mean, really.. Look at him! I could squeeze him!
Never ending fresh water fountain..
June 2015
June 2015
Ok.. a couple people said this did not need to be on the tour... It was just too much food. Really? Who says that?! Hope no one took that to heart because this was my favorite!! Its rice... cheese... slow cooked beef with amazing flavor!!! and I got a t-shirt... yeah. I did.
Drool Worthy
June 2015
Worth the caloric intake!
Many years of work and love later!
June 2015
Who doesn't love that?
Heres to getting to know the locals!
June 2015
Wedding photo of the older couple we met working their shop...
Just another reason.. like you need one?
June 2015
Take a bite!
Cute Tour companion....
June 2015
Loved sharing this with him!
No we are not in Egypt!
June 2015
If this doesn't make you want to go to hear why its there.....
Pure Gold
June 2015
Cant believe I have not had this on previous trips!!! Im just dying!
On the list of the top Pizza places!
June 2015
After the tasting... I see why! FANTASTIC.
Mini Tiramisu
June 2015
Shut up! If the photo doesn't say it all... u might need a head check.
Most Precious Tour Guide in the History of Ever!
June 2015
No exaggeration.... We seriously love her. Warm and funny and just made the tour. I will miss her!!!!
Open Market
June 2015
Fresh bruschetta served as we toured... Goodness gracious amazing.


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Not Everyone's Made for the Country Life, and When Uptight Friends Crash a Free-spirited Barbecue In "the Mix," the Flames Really Start to Jump. A-gays Race Cooper and Conner Habib Aren't Happy That Friend Felix Warner Is Getting Married to a Man They Consider Little More Than a Street Trade. and Those Friends! They'll Be Damned If Felix Marries This, This Trash! but When Race Is Caught Red-handed Making Trouble, Blue Bailey Makes Him Take a Dose of His Own Medicine. a Little Herbal Surprise Loosens Race Up, and With a Little Prodding He and Blue Shake the Cabin With a Flip-flop Fuck That Leaves Race Laid Out ... and Maybe Just Lightening Up. After All, Nothing Equalizes Like Anal!
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How about accountability,pay for performance, and it you're not doing the job your gone. On the flip side if you are doing the job you are paid according to the value you add to society. In other words pay good teachers big money and get rid of the rest.
Anyone who is NOT uaw endorsed gets my vote and I'm a registered Democrat. Just cant stand the thuggery. Thanks for the bringing out the threat. Now I know to vote for Gleason.
If they get their constitutional amendment passed none of this will matter. With a constitutional right to collective bargaining what business would ever want to come to Michigan.
I sure HOPE these gas prices CHANGE soon. Maybe in November.
Just what is happening at Seymour and Lennon? There is already a 4 way flashing light and stop signs at Lennon Rd. If the intersection is becoming a 4 way stop then that is news.
I'm not a fan of the Flint city council and have complained about it many times in the past but they are right on this one. "Need a cop in Flint? No problem if you are a city official." You would think form that first line of the article that city councilmen were getting cops to serve them personally ahead of everyone else. It turns out they are doing nothing more than following up on citizens complaints and getting things done for their constituents. And I don't buy the "direct competition" claim. Most cops are smart and know how to prioritize. They will put a shots fired call ahead of an abandoned car call even if a councilman turned in the abandoned car complaint. If you have a complaint with the state or at the federal level you turn to your congressman or senator. So what's the difference at the local level. You don't need to be someone in power to take advantage of the fast track system you just need to know who your councilman is. God bless the Mott Foundation for all the fine work they do, but this one was not a good use of funds. They paid a taxpayer supported state university to investigate what is nothing more than a complaint department in place for the benefit of the citizens not the elected officials as M-Live seems to insinuate by the opening line. Even the union doesn't have a problem with it. Toss the study up on the shelf and let it collect dust.
You are a bit uninformed. The county is only a larger political mess and a larger union.
Yup, and not one puppy adopted from the humane society has ever died.
And just who are the Feds? The taxpayers... who by the way are not currently generating enough revenue for the Feds to cover its' costs. That means this pork coming back to a local government unit is being borrowed, mostly from China. So when you're strolling down that wonderful new trail thank the Chi-Coms and your great grand kids who will be paying them back.
mesosolly you got my thinking and your right. The incumbent instead of Beatty and we would still have Melki as police chief and no law suits. After the recall, the experienced Shumaker instead of Sepanak and there would be no tax increase without the voters say so. Plus, the Supervisor's salary would be half of what it is now and there would not be an unqualified Deputy Supervisor trying to run the show for the usually absent Supervisor. Elections matter folks.
That is exactly what it is...nothing more than a tool to assist in the war that has been declared, by the left wing radical democrats lead by Obama, against anyone who succeeds beyond a level that does not require some sort of government assistance.
Judges (lawyers) taking care of lawyers...and by the way trial lawyers are the biggest contributors to the democratic party.
Really officer we're just two polite young men who did not want to relieve ourselves in public.
Jenny is Washington doing what she has been doing for the last two years. Looking for another tax payer funded do nothing job.
I think this article is terribly offensive to males. It should read two persons were robbed by two persons. No wait that will certainly offend "people". It should read two mammals... That may not be good either. It should say two living things. Journalism...how sad!
We all know that cash rewards for poor performance always make things better.
Yup, us dems really got to be proud. I think next time I will wise up, use my own mind, and not vote for the person my union tells me to vote for.
Come on everyone stake your claim on money loaned to the US government by China that your yet to be born great grandchildren are going to have to pay back.
Ther are no "journalists" investigative or otherwise in this area.
My oh My I sure hope you union folks are paying attention to the lack of support you have in this area.


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When I start typing a search word in Google Chrome in Windows, I get suggestions for popular searches by default. I recall having the same feature in Chromium (or Chrome..?) in my earlier Ubuntu / Linux Mint installation.
What do I have to do to enable this feature? I couldn't find anything in the preferences.
My Chromium's version is 17.0.963.56 (Developer Build 121963 Linux) Built on Ubuntu 11.04, running on LinuxMint 11


text:
The Observation Deck
A blog of opinions on local, state and national issues
Posts filtered on Tag
Long story short
Our opinion: We offer out views on a possible raise for Kathleen Jimino, the SUNY Research Foundation's return to secrecy, and the governor's veto of film credits upstate. Recession's over, pay up Now that Election Day has passed, Rensselaer County Executive Kathleen Jimino is looking for a big raise as she starts her fourth term. […] [Read More]
So much for democracy
Our opinion: A lack of competition in some key races this fall raises the question: what is the point of elections if there's no choice? Should we just skip the formalities and declare, now and for all time, Republicans the rulers of Rensselaer County? While we're at it, why not give Democrats the permanent franchise […] [Read More]
Who's to police the sheriff?
Our opinion: Rensselaer County's sheriff's office is in turmoil from top to bottom. Citizens need complete faith in this law enforcement agency. The pile of dirty laundry in the Rensselaer County Sheriff's Office has grown so deep and so tangled that it's no longer a mess than can be sorted and cleaned in-house. Alleged invasions […] [Read More]
Sticker shock at Hudson Valley
Our opinion: Education must be good, but it has to be affordable, too. HVCC's program and finances need a closer look and a broader discussion. The words ivory tower came to mind last week when Hudson Valley Community College asked Rensselaer County, with an apparently straight face, for an 88 percent funding increase. So did […] [Read More]
Still incomplete at Hudson Valley
Our opinion: Once again, political party leaders can serve on Hudson Valley Community College's board, thanks to a wrong-headed move by Rensselaer County. HVCC trustees did what they could, but the county and state need to do their part. Give the trustees of Hudson Valley Community College credit for trying to fix the mess that […] [Read More]
McNally for D.A.
Our opinion: In the Rensselaer County district attorney's race, we endore an able prosecutor over a veteran of prior administrations. This office needs to continue moving forward. Four years ago, Rensselaer County District Attorney Richard McNally Jr. took over an office plagued with a backlog of cases and an image problem. It needed, as he […] [Read More]
Don't sign it, Ms. Jimino
Our opinion: An ethics bill in Rensselaer County would turn back the clock on good government. Let's see the Rensselaer County Legislature's ethics law revision for exactly what it is: a blatant attempt to let political bosses meddle in Hudson Valley Community College. The vote by county Republicans to change the law after GOP boss […] [Read More]
Remedial ethics in Rensselaer Co.
Our opinion: County GOP Chairman Neil Kelleher must honor the county's ethics law, and choose between his party position and seat on the HVCC board. Just what is it about ethics and the laws intended to enforce them that's so daunting to the politicians in Rensselaer County? Certainly the County Legislature should have known better […] [Read More]


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The first colony and state in the Union remains a vital part of our nation's economy. Northern Virginia is not only an extension of the Washington DC Metro Area, but is home to numerous national and international companies. Additional metro centers including Virginia Beach and Raleigh lend steam to the state economy. Small business owners will find a state friendly to business where regulation is somewhat moderated.
In Virginia, retail businesses of all sorts including toy stores, clothing shops, photography businesses and general merchandisers need licenses and permits. In most cases, retail businesses take relatively few licenses – however being registered for all state and local taxes is important as is having any needed general business licenses.


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Expert witnessWritten by Don Burnard | | email@example.com
In previous columns, I have discussed the unfairness of extending the tax cuts for the top of the income ladder. The fact that they, and virtually they alone, have benefited from the Bush tax cuts has contributed greatly to the growing income inequality gap in this country. Recent reports have shown that the income gap is reaching record levels unseen since, well, just before the Great Depression.
A recent report from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a nonprofit, nonpartisan policy organization that works on the federal and state level on fiscal policy and public programs that affect low- and moderate-income families and individuals, shows just how stark this gap is. The nonprofit studied the change in actual incomes from 1979-2007, broken down from the bottom fifth of income earners (average $17,700) and found that this group had lost an average of $6,000 in yearly income by 2007. The second fifth (average $38,000) lost $10,000, the middle fifth (average $55,300) lost $13,000, and the fourth fifth (average $77,700) lost $11,700. The top fifth (average $198,300) posted a gain of $40,700 in purchasing power, and the top 1 percent (average $1,319,700) showed a whopping gain of $782,600.
These figures are based on congressional budget office figures. If income distribution had remained at the 1979 levels, just figure out which fifth you fall into and then add the loss figure to your income to see what you should be making. If you're in that top fifth, or especially that top 1 percent, congratulations. You got quite a bonus at our expense.
Now, the Republicans, and some Democrats, want to borrow enough money to give the top 2 percent a $700 billion additional gift. Richard Thaler, one of the country's leading economists, pointed out some of the more salient points about this folly in a Sept. 25 column in The New York Times. As he points out, President Obama has proposed retaining the current tax rates on incomes up to $200,000 for an individual and $250,000 for couples. Under this plan, everyone would receive a tax cut relative to Clinton-era tax rates and even those making $250,000 or more would receive a $6,000 cut. True, their bill would be higher, but fair is fair, right?
The Republican leadership, as Thaler points out, has drawn a line in the sand, saying it will oppose Obama's bill (big surprise) unless all taxpayers remain at the current rate. He then refutes, rather effectively I might add, the Republicans' three major arguments. The first is that it is folly to raise taxes in a weak economy. Thaler says, " … if the primary goal is stimulating the economy, tax breaks to the rich are simply not cost-effective. Numerous studies have shown that the poor spend nearly all their money, while the rich save a significant amount of theirs."
The second argument is that it would impose an excessive burden on small businesses, according to Thaler. The Obama administration has said that this will only affect 3 percent of small businesses. Republicans argue that the 3 percent earn 47 percent of the income from that sector and the taxes would apply to the bulk of small business income. Thaler says that while this sector includes everything from barbershops and carwashes to hedge funds and law firms, and included Goldman Sachs before it went public, the fact that 3 percent of businesses earn nearly half of the money is precisely what many people are concerned about: growing income inequality.
Finally, the last GOP argument is an oldie but a goodie; class warfare. These guys sound like a broken record. Thaler says his best response to that comes from Warren Buffett in 2006: "There's class warfare all right, but it's my class, the rich class, that's making war, and we're winning."
Thaler said, "The question comes down to whether we want a society in which the rich take an ever-increasing share of the pie, or prefer to return to conditions that allow all classes to anticipate an increasing standard of living. Demanding that the rich get a tax cut as a condition for tax relief for others is simply elitist. Tea Partiers take note."
Richard Thaler is a professor of economics and behavioral science at the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago, so I think he has the creds to back up these points. This isn't some "liberal" blogger or blue-collar columnist like yours truly. Think about it!
Tags: Don Burnard, Hot Corner, taxes


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Over the weekend, my husband and I stood at a hotel that offered us a breakfast buffet during our stay. While I'm sure you could probably guess, there was an array of delicious looking and tempting muffins to choose from. I'm not gonna lie, I almost grabbed one! I'm glad I didn't though…these ones are waaay better! Thank you for the inspiration, Hyatt Hotel!
These muffins are low-carb, high-protein, very low in sugar and gluten-free! Oh, and have I mentioned super moist & fluffy!?
- 2 scoops of FitMiss Vanilla Chai protein powder
- 1/2 c unsweetened almond milk
- 2 eggs
- 2 egg whites
- 1/4 c low fat cottage cheese
- 1/4 c coconut flour
- 1 tsp baking powder
- 1 tsp cinnamon
- Preheat oven to 325 degrees.
- Mix all the ingredient together.
- Spoon into muffin baking cups, filling it almost all the way to the top.
- Bake in the oven for 20-22 minutes or until a toothpick inserted into the center of the muffins come out clean.
Sweet Cinnamon Cocoa Topping
- Mix together 1 packet of stevia, 1 tsp of cocoa powder & 1 tsp of cinnamon.
- Press top of each muffin into your cocoa/cinnamon/sugar mix.
Recipe makes 7 muffins -
85 calories, 4.7g carbs, 10.3g protein. 0.9 g sat fat, 2.1g fiber & 1.2 g sugar.