text:
Back to channel
Sign Out
Welcome, Sign In
Sign Up
Account Info
Make AOL My Homepage
AOL Mail
View All Mail
AOL On
Search for
videos & playlists
AOL Originals
All Originals
Park Bench
Journey To The Draft
Being Mum
That's Racist
The Future Starts Here
Candidly Nicole
Laugh Lessons
Making A Scene
True Trans
More shows
Authentic voices. Remarkable stories. AOL On Originals showcase the passions that make the world a more interesting place.
EMMY NOMINATED SERIES directed by and starring Steve Buscemi is back for a second season!!! Park Bench is a local's take on the special people, places, and spirit of New York City. Through unscripted moments with average New Yorkers and Steve's celeb friends, Buscemi takes viewers on a funny, first-hand journey/misadventure, told in his unique voice.
Journey to the Draft is an organic, unscripted, docu-series that follows three college football players, all with promising professional careers. These young men attend different schools across the country and play a variety of positions on the field, but at the end of the day they share one goal:to play in the NFL. The AOL docu-series follows players Leonard Williams, Kevin White and Marcus Peters.
Connected features the personal stories of six New Yorkers woven together into one of the most intimate series ever. This groundbreaking show changes the nature of storytelling by giving each character a camera to document their lives. The result is a unique format revealing as different as everyone appears to be, we are all universally Connected.
Wake up to your world in 2 minutes.
"Stricly Come Dancing presenter Tess Daly and The Saturdays' Rochelle Humes talk to mums about their experiences of being mum. Whether the daughter of a Rolling Stone, in one of the most famous girl bands the world has ever known, or a parent coping with disability as well as family life, each mother in Being Mum shows that the feelings, challenges and rewards of motherhood are universal no matter the surroundings you find yourself in."
Jews and Money. Asian Drivers. Polish IQ. CPT… that's racist! But where do these stereotypes come from? Comedian Mike Epps explores the backstories of this humor and how history and fact often distorts into a snide – but sometimes funny – shorthand.
"INSPIRED" features celebrities, visionaries and some of the biggest newsmakers of our generation, recounting the stories behind their biggest, life-changing moments of inspiration.
In a compelling series of verite encounters, Win Win provides unique access into the minds and lives of the world's most-celebrated entrepreneurs and athletes.
Explore what it means to be human as we rush head first into the future through the eyes, creativity, and mind of Tiffany Shlain, acclaimed filmmaker and speaker, founder of The Webby Awards, mother, constant pusher of boundaries and one of Newsweek's "women shaping the 21st Century."
Nicole Richie brings her unfiltered sense of humor and unique perspective to life in a new series based on her irreverent twitter feed. The show follows the outspoken celebrity as she shares her perspective on style, parenting, relationships and her journey to adulthood.
Comedy is hard, but teaching comedy to children is hilariously difficult. Kevin Nealon is giving the challenge to some world-famous comedians. As these young minds meet with comedy's best, get ready to learn some valuable comedy lessons, and to laugh!
James Franco loves movies. He loves watching them, acting in them, directing them, and even writing them. And now, he's going to take some of his favorite movie scenes from the most famous films of all time, and re-imagine them in ways that only James can.
The story of punk rock singer Laura Jane Grace of Against Me! who came out as a woman in 2012, and other members of the trans community whose experiences are woefully underrepresented and misunderstood in the media.
Video Games
More Topics
Trending Topics
Do Summer the Right Way
Life Tips
Video Games
Arts & Hobbies
More Topics
Safe Driving Tips
Grab code
Grab video code:
learn general tips for safe driving, by the rules of the road team.
Safe Driving Tips,driving aids,driving class,driving mistakes,driving tips,how to drive safely,jumbobaystudios,Learn Safe Driving Tips,rules of the road
Grab video code:
Now that you're aware of the lines that regulate traffic flow; you need to abide by some general rules of the roads that insure smooth and safe trips for you and other drivers. First, never ever drive faster than the posted speed limit, regardless of how fast surrounding vehicles are traveling, its dangerous and illegal. Conversely it's also unsafe to drive too slowly. Some roads have minimum speed limits posted, which you must follow. If you're traveling at a very slow speed on a too lane real road for any reason, you must pull over to let traffic pass, if 5 or more cars are behind you.
If you don't see a posted speed limit, here is some general speed guidelines to follow on. When driving in an alley the speed limit is 15 miles per hour. The speed limit for school zone traffic is typically 25miles per hour. The speed limit in residential areas unless otherwise posted is also 25miles per hour. Finally expressway speed limits are generally 65miles per hour. It's very important that you check your states driving manual to find out speed regulation specific to your state. These limits vary slightly from state to state.
No matter what speed your driving; you always need to use your turn signal to alert other drivers that you've intension to turn. The general rule is to signal about 100feet prior to each turn. Beyond signaling when making turns; it's also necessary to signal when pulling over to the side of the road and when making a lane change. When making a right turn intersected by a bicycle lane; you must merge into the bicycle lane before completing the turn and never travel in a bicycle lane for more than 200 feet. That would be extremely dangerous for bicyclists, not to mention illegal. While we're on the subject to right turns; you should know that you can make them at a red light, after coming to a complete stop; you can turn right, if it is safe to do so and as long as there isn't a no turn on red sign posted at the intersection.
Making left turns tends to be little trickier and slightly more dangerous than making right turns; however if you know the ride of way rules and pay attention to oncoming and surrounding traffic, you'll have no problem making safe and successful left turns, when traveling on a multilane road; you must make left turns from the left lane, also on a multilane road it is illegal to pass a vehicle on the right if they're slowing or stopped to make a left turn. If you wish to make a left turn on green; you may do so only after yielding to any oncoming traffic.
If you happened to have a green arrow then you have the right of way to make a left turn as oncoming traffic has a red light, the center turn lane provides you with a place to begin and end left turns. These are usually found in areas with a lot of oncoming traffic, so you must be extra cautious when turning from one of these lanes. Unless specifically disallowed with a no U turn sign; it is also illegal to start U turns from the center turn lane. In addition always stay in your original lane all the way through a turn when there are multiple turn lanes.
Be sure to avoid driving in other driver's blind spots for any period of time. They won't be able to see you and could accidentally run into you or unknowingly attempt a maneuver that causes you to crash. When driving on multilane roads, position your car ahead or behind other vehicle in order to avoid their blind spots. In passenger cars like this the blind spots were found almost directly next to it and on both the left and the right sides. When sharing the road with a large truck keep in mind that there are four large blind spots for truck drivers. These four blind spots are called no zones and truckers can't see you at all if you travel inside these areas.
That brings us to the related topic of following distance. In order to be able to break and steer out of potential problems ahead of you; you should maintain a following distance of at least 3 seconds. As your speed increases so too should your following distance. It's a good idea to maintain at least a four second gap when traveling on an expressway.
You should also increase your following distance when the roads are wet and slippery, when towing heavy loads, when being followed too closely by trailing vehicles, when traveling behind large vehicles such as trucks and buses and when following motorcycles. The recommended safe following distance varies from state to state. So be sure to check your states driving manual to get the most accurate information for your state.
Now let's take a look at some basic ride up way rules. When more that one car has stopped at a four-way intersection, the car that arrived first has the ride up way. If two cars come to a stop at a four way intersection at the same time, the car on the right has the ride up way. If two cars come to a stop at the same time at T intersection the car on the through road has the ride up way. If you encounter an uncontrolled intersection that is an intersection without signs or signals, be prepare to stop for others vehicles, because you never know if they will stop or not.
Never forget pedestrians always have the ride up way at an intersection; weather there are cross walks or not. Another ride up way rule is that traffic already traveling on an expressway has the ride up way over vehicles merging on to the expressway. Traffic exiting the express way has the ride up way over traffic entering the expressway.
While we're on the subject of expressway driving you should try to merge at the same speed as traffic already on the expressway. Never stop while merging unless traffic is so backed up that you can't get over. If you approach a stopped vehicle along side the road; slow down a little and pass them with caution. If you're ever in a situation where you have to tow another vehicle on the expressway; only use the too far right lanes, which are generally geared towards slower traffic.
Posted: 07/14/2009
Views: 13,858
Duration: 06:08
More Info
Featured Partners
Off Road
Repairs & Maintenance
Car Shows
Models & Reviews
Auto News
MORE VIDEOS IN Autos
Auto Titans Flex Collective Muscles to O...
5 Surprising Myths About Gas Mileage
New Cadillac Turns a Ride Into a Video G...
3 Hybrid, Electric Cars That Can Get You...
Ferrari Reveals New Hard Top Convertible...
2016 Hyundai Veloster Turbo Preview
2016 Hyundai Sonata Plug-in Hybrid Preview
2015 Dodge Charger SRT Hellcat Review
North Korea Celebrates 'Victory Day'
Fiat Chrysler Recall 1.4 Million Vehicle...
FEATURED IN Autos
Auto Titans Flex Collective Muscles to O...
5 Surprising Myths About Gas Mileage
New Cadillac Turns a Ride Into a Video G...
3 Hybrid, Electric Cars That Can Get You...
Ferrari Reveals New Hard Top Convertible...
2016 Hyundai Veloster Turbo Preview
2016 Hyundai Sonata Plug-in Hybrid Preview
2015 Dodge Charger SRT Hellcat Review
North Korea Celebrates 'Victory Day'
Fiat Chrysler Recall 1.4 Million Vehicle...
Visit page >
Vat19.com shows you the best in how-to videos.


text:
You have seen them: tall, gangling, steel structures-known as high-tension lines-that transport hundreds of kilovolts. READ MORE
June Issue 2005
Featured Articles
Sort by
June 2005
June 2005
It has been predicted that the voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) market is in the early stages of dramatic growth, but VoIP needs a compelling reason for use if its proponen READ MORE
June 2005
Access control is nothing new. Locks on doors and windows are a rudimentary form of shutting people out. READ MORE
June 2005

subset: commoncrawl


text:
What makes a person a good writer? Two people emailed me this week, wanting confirmation their writing was good enough.
The first was a food blogger, who wrote after reading my Beard awards post. She wondered if her blog was "up to standard" or if she was "even remotely qualified" to enter the Beard award for best blog. In her preface, she said she believed she was a good writer and storyteller and had confidence in her talents.
The second, a student in Italy studying for her masters in gastronomy, said she had read Will Write for Food, then attached two writing samples and asked for comments. She wondered if she was good enough to pursue a career as a freelance writer.
I thought about two replies. Neither had anything to do with their work. On one hand, I thought I should encourage these two writers and say yes, because that is what people sometimes need to hear to move forward. I put that in the "Earth Mother" category of response. On the other hand, I contemplated a different answer, more therapy based: The only opinion that matters is your own.
I went with the second one. So I wrote back to the blogger, "You have nothing to lose except $100 and postage — plus the time it takes to enter. You can enter the IACP awards as well. I think they're less expensive. You are qualified if YOU think you are. It doesn't matter what anyone else thinks." I said something similar to the student.
Maybe you think it's a copout. For me, I've felt insecure about my writing all my life, always looking to others for approval. My career started in 1975 with my first published piece in a daily newspaper (before some of you were born, I know), and I still have days where I wonder if I'm any good.
But here's what you can look forward to as you grow older: There are fewer days like that. You get more comfortable with yourself. You believe you can do it. You decide you don't have to win a Pulitzer. And you care less about what other people think.
65 Responses to "Who Thinks You're a Good Writer?"
Somehow it's encouraging that you too feel insecure about your writing…I can't fathom why you would…but it is encouraging to know I am not alone that even great writers like yourself have doubts. Thanks for your honesty.
Dianne, Thanks for being so candid and bringing to light what I'm sure many of us wonder. I love your conclusion, though, and completely agree: at the end of the day, what matters is what YOU think and feel about what you're doing. Does it make you happy, fulfilled, satisfied? Did you feel great writing whatever it is you crafted? If the answers are "yes", then you're doing pretty darned well.
I suppose to me it depends on your goal. If the goal is just see your name on a website, I agree that it doesn't matter.
But if you want to grow as a writer — to improve, to expand your skills in new ways — I think you absolutely need to hear what people think of your writing. Whether it's an editor or a friend who's good enough to be honest. I have benefited greatly (and continue to!) from the tutelage (both passive and active) I've gotten from editors who were honest and thorough. And I've grown by hearing students in writing classes critique my work.
The "it only matters what you think" stance is good for the ego, but I'd argue it's bad for the growth. See also the Dunning-Kruger effect.
Thanks for this reassuring post Dianne. I worry about my writing every single day. Sometimes I wake up in the middle of the night worrying about something I have posted. I took a couple of classes with writers.com and they were invaluable – whilst it is sometimes hard to hear or read what someone thinks of your work, it's necessary in order to grown and improve. The truth hurts as they say, but only serves to make you better in the end. Practice makes, well…. you know!
I'm sitting in the 'cop-out' camp. While I think I see your point, and agree 100% that one's own opinion is the most important – they asked you for YOUR opinion.
In the ideal situation, neither of these inquiries would be isolated, and you would give them the answer most useful to them – depending on where they're at personally and with their writing. That could be to believe in themselves, or it could be a pointed critique. I think Derrick makes a valid point.
Personally I don't think the question "am I good enough" is the right question for a writer to ask. Good enough for what – for who? What does that even mean? I think it's too personal – centered on the writer and not the writing. Also,it makes the writer seem like a machine, turning out pieces of equal interest and value every time… while I might love to be that machine, it's not how the creative process works. Who produces great work all the time? I am not a Great Writer, but I'm suspicious even Great Writers produce things that can't or shouldn't get published (we can all think of examples in this last category).
And honestly, is being a great writer enough to get published?? Perhaps not – ahhhh perhaps this is what you're getting at… that it's about having the self-confidence, the gall to put yourself out there?
I'm going to have to go with the cop-out camp
on this one, after all if other people don't enjoy reading what you have to say then how will you ever get published? And if no one is willing to give you feedback them how can you learn? Having said that, there are plenty of writers/ bloggers out there who have been successful without being good writers and are laughing all the way to the bank.
I couldn't agree with you more. I know I might not be the best writer, but I love food and I love to write about it. If someone doesn't like my writing, they don't have to read my blog or the articles I write. Growing older has allowed me to care a little less about what others say about what I do with my time. It's a great thing!
Great article Dianne.
The new to writing camp struggles with confidence and many in the experienced camp struggle with making sure they're still up to snuff after many years in the game. I'm somewhere in the middle.
I have written professionally, studied writing in Journalism, received high accolades from leading journalists in my area (now former area since I no longer live there), and been paid to write for major companies. Still, I have plenty of days where I think, "Eh. That writer has years of experience compared to mine so they're better" or "Their education is superior to mine considering I have an A.A. from a podunk community college". Times like those I have to slap myself into reality and remember my opinion is the only that matters at the end of the day (unless there is a paycheck involved).
With regards to those who asked, I think a short snippet of your feedback would have been useful as it helps those seeking wisdom a chance to grow. Skilled and/or experienced writers can impact how a fledgling writer views their work and whether they're at a publishable standard. You don't want to feed into a potentially huge ego but you don't want to outright tell them they suck either. Diplomacy; as I'm sure you know, is key.
A writer is only as good as their willingess to learn and grow, in my opinion. If they let pride and ego dominate their thinking, chances are they'll never learn and their writing will become stagnant. Those seeking to improve will seek feedback from trusted friends and fellow writers.
Thank you for your insight. As a side note, I also have to thank you for your writing tips. I am not certain if it is me coming up empty or something else but I have struggled to find good writing sites geared towards a non-fiction writer. It's certyainly nice to find a site like yours.
This is wonderfully worded and thoughtful, as always, Dianne. I'm struck by people writing to you to ask if they are good enough to enter a contest. It says volumes about how much people respect you.
Doubt is always part of the process, isn't it? If we walked around all the time proclaiming to ourselves and others, "I am a glorious writer!"? Well, I'm not sure I'd want to be around that writer often. But I think at the base is a rock-sure belief in the process, in the sitting down to grapple with the words, in the feeling alive in the doubt. The rest sort of works its way out.
I love the ending of this piece.
Good answer. I wax and wane with my writing confidence, but in the end I believe that it's one of my strongest talents. Still, though, there are days when I want to burn it all before I put myself out there for criticism. Thankfully, that's why god made tranquilizers. 😉
And I love the "Earth Mother" category. I'll have to remember that.
A great post.
While I agree that it is true that the only opinion that matters is your own, and you are good if you think you are, because beauty is really in the eye of the beholder and each person has a different perspective. But there's a flip side to it.
The 2 bloggers must have thought they were reasonably good if they were thinking of sending in their writing for competitions, but maybe weren't confident enough about their writing, not having been published before. Or else wanted an expert or more knowledgeable opinion about how/ what they could do to improve their writing.
Sometimes, constructive criticism makes all the difference when one is unsure about one's writing.
I applied for the Greebrier scholarship not expecting to even hear a response and, to my surprise, I received a special mention for one of the rewards. I could have counted myself out from the start, and not applied until I thought I was "better", but am glad I put myself out there. Aspiring writers should put themselves up for contests and awards, or send their work to publishers, and keep putting their stuff out there and see what spaghetti sticks to the wall. Sorry that was bad- but I am leaving it in as an example! That will keep them doing the work, and possibly garner them some useful external validation.
A useful mantra someone gave me recently is "Feel the fear and do it anyway!"
Sigh. I meant a special mention for one of the "awards", it's not like I was a special informant or returned a lost cat or something.
After going and reading about the Dunning-Kruger effect, I'm feeling that it's not a good idea to reassure or offer a dodge to a poor student who has paid for a critique by saying,"Your opinion is what counts." If people really want to succeed–and their skills are going to prevent that–they need to know what skills they need to "fix" before they can have any hope of succeeding. In the brutally competitive writing world, other people's opinions will count, whether that seems unkind or not. I've known and critiqued dozens of writers & I've found that a big key to success is being able to listen to criticism and then actually respond by taking appropriate steps.
Agreed. I do not think I'm a great photographer, but OTHER PEOPLE DO, so I have to go on the assumption that I'm heading in the right direction, and that I'm just as qualified as the next person to enter an award contest. (Not that I HAVE, but if I had the time, I WOULD.)
Someday, hopefully we will all learn to really love our own skills, with no insecurities at all. It's hard, though. I'm amazed when I talk to people, how many people I consider "experts" who still think they have a long way to go.
Quite simply: "Like."
I know I am not, but I try anyway….
I don't think you have to ask if you are good. If you are good, and your work circulates, you will get enough unsolicited positive feedback (along with the criticism) to be assured. Good enough is another question, and by whose standards is yet another. I remember being absolutely blown away by David Foster Wallace's "Consider the Lobster" in Gourmet magazine. To my mind it was brilliant writing, but to an outspoken group of Gourmet readers and food industry insiders, it was an abomination. Needless to say, it was not a Beard winner. If you are good, and you want to make a living writing, I think you owe it to yourself to become better through classes and developing a network of peers whose critiques you respect. To enter contests, it might be helpful to familiarize yourself with award winning work. Wow, Diane, I guess the floodgates are open. You have officially arrived! I imagine now the chances of anyone getting a freebie are probably slim to none. Hope the paying client floodgate has been thrown open equally wide.
I think that most women have a degree of insecurity about their skills/looks/abilities – I'm just not too sure why.
I know that when I started writing my blog I didn't actually tell anyone i was doing it for some time as i was unsure of my writing ability and wondered if anyone would want to read it. Eventually I decided that I should take the plunge and I showed it to a couple of my very closest friends – with whom I felt safe – and it just sort of took off from there.
I am much more confident in my writing now, but still have days when a post just doesn't see to be up to scratch to me – and often those posts are the more popular!
Dianne: I have found that men generally feel more confident of their skills (whatever the arena) than women do. Or is this just my imagination? A guy who coached both male and female teams mentioned this in an article, saying: "If you say 'Not everybody is working hard enough' to guys, they will all think you are talking about somebody else. But if you say it to girls, they will all think you are talking about them!"
By the way I just posted a part 1 on the value of literary agents (next part will be on how to get one), and one comment was quite negative. Would appreciate any input you have.
Dianne, I must confess to still being a bit in the dark on this one. Asking if one's work is good enough is puzzling to me, unless that person is asking if their grammar, syntax, spelling, punctuation, etc. is "correct." The rest of the story, or more appropriately here, the rest of the question must surely be "do YOU like my style? do YOU like my delivery? do YOU think anyone else would read it if not asked to do so?" There are quite a few writers who have not yet mastered the basic skills of composition, much less the finer points of viewpoint, style, delivery, and substance of subject. I have seen many examples of what I consider "good" skills being used to deliver boring subject matter in a less than exciting manner and this would be considered good "writing." But, is good what we are really seeking? Is it not really that we seek more interesting, exciting, captivating, mind-boggling, participatory, and attracting writing? Are we drawn back onto the page long after we have finished the read? Or are we closing the book before we turn the page? That would be my question – not that I am asking, mind you, just thinking out loud again…
Karen, I totally agree with you. When I saw that BlogHer Food was offering a panel on storytelling alongside the usual (for food blogging conferences) writing talk, it got me to thinking about the difference between being a good (or great) writer and being a great storyteller. There is indeed a difference and being a good writer does not necessarily make one a good storyteller. The world of food blogging is filled with excellent writers, writers who masterfully describe smells and sounds and tastes but who, in my opinion, do not write stories. Or whose stories sound forced. I love the fact that food blogging has evolved so much that writers are working harder on passing the line from being great writers to being great storytellers. I like Karen's description of being drawn back to the page…
Dianne, I also read your post on the Beard Awards, and these have both sparked some great discussions. Question: You recommended applying to the IACP awards. That competition appears to be open only to professional food journalists. Would the blogger who asked for your advice qualify?
Oh this is loooovely! Thank you!
Fascinating on many levels. I keep a food blog – but don't want to be a food blog star. I write plays and endeavor to make a living at it. It would never dawn on me to send a play to Tina Howe and Tony Kushner for opinion. But you know – maybe I don't throw myself out there enough as your letter-writers did.
I think the nature of doing something creative for a living is riddled with insecurities. Sometimes, you do want affirmation. Often, you want to grow. And always when i am granted a commission to develop a play – I pray to the muses that I will live up to the task.
In the end though – it wasn't a cop-out. For what I will leave behind are my words and while I hope they provide enjoyment and sustenance for others – I need to be satisfied before I publish. (And I have published too early and try not to make that mistake again.)
Love your response! You just never know unless you try.
Many of us undervalue ourselves and don't realize our talents. I see it over and over on all kinds of blogs and writing forums. Seeing people share their insecurities, who clearly have nothing to be insecure about, has given me more courage to try all sorts of things.
I also agree with you that it has something to do with age. Getting older makes us more brave. Because what do we really have to lose? Our time on this earth is limited. I'm going to update a post that I recently wrote about how we move through the decades, with a quote from you here. Thank you for these words!
Fantastic post Dianne!
Awards are great for those who feel like a nobody from nowhere, and are hoping for a break What's more, we need them to generate excitement among readers, especially in this social media-saturated environment.
I am a writer and have been as long as I can remember. Majored in Journalism back in college. I'm published in many places online and offline. And, I have a book that's sold in 15 countries. (The topic has nothing to do with food – I'm brand new to that.)
The best way to get good at writing is to write and read. Read not just other food writing – but all kinds of writing. Then as you develop a style of writing – don't be afraid of it. Embrace it and roll with it. I wish everyone success.
(Sorry if this is redundant; I read the post but only skimmed the 63 comments above). Another way to look at this is that it is about finding your audience. Clearly, if your writing is full of unintentionally bad grammar and typos, it can be said to be objectively *not good*. Assuming we are past that point, there may well be a group of readers who love your writing even if others hate it.
I think my own blog is a case in point. I usually spend just a few paragraphs introducing a recipe and any special ingredients or techniques. I'll tell a very brief personal story if it relates, but otherwise the writing is mostly just the facts. For my first year or so of blogging I felt insecure about this, especially when I would see the lovely and much longer pieces by say Molly Wizenberg or Shuna Fish Lydon's impassioned rants.
Then I realized that while my writing might be a little drier, there are many people who appreciate that. They come looking for recipes, inspiration and knowledge, and while they may want to know a little about me, that isn't their main interest. The concision is welcome.
So maybe we can all worry less about whether our writing is great in some general sense, and invest our effort in reaching the people who already love it.
Sorry, the comment form is closed at this time.


text:
Portrayal of Private William Webb, Civil War Soldier of the 29th Connecticut Volunteers
The ladies of New Haven presented us with a flag. Now they tell me through all this time travel that I've come back and forth that that same flag is housed at the State Capitol.
Home Page
About CSL
Using The Library
Search the State Library Catalog Search the State Library Website CSL Research Resources iCONN (CT Digital Library)
Government Information Services History & Genealogy Law & Legislative Reference Library For The Blind & Physically Handicapped
Museum of Connecticut History Public Records Services To Libraries State Archives Connecticut Heritage Foundation (supporting the Connecticut State Library & Museum of Connecticut History)
Connecticut State Library
231 Capitol Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106
860-757-6500 * Toll-free 866-886-4478


text:
Test-Ban Inspections
[The following letter was written before the partial test-ban treaty was concluded, but as Mr. Maddox points out in his reply below, the history of the negotiations is still relevant, for it contains lessons for future negotiations in the field of arms control.—Ed]
To the Editor:
Having observed and been somewhat involved on the United States side in both the nuclear test ban negotiations and the disarmament conference in Geneva, I can't let several of John Maddox's points ["At the Brink of a Test Ban," June] go without comment.
For example, he says the East-West experts who, in 1958, laid the technical foundation for the test ban negotiations, included on-site inspection of unidentified underground events in their report "almost as an afterthought."
It is true their report recognized that the majority of earth tremors could be identified as such by a global network of internationally operated control posts, but it also noted that there would be a residue of unidentified underground events—presently estimated at thirty to forty annually—and it called for "timely inspection" of these events to make sure they were not sneak nuclear weapons tests. As can be seen from the following quotation from the report, the experts did not consider limiting the number of unidentified events eligible for inspection:
When the control posts detect an event which cannot be identified by the international control organ and which could be suspected of being a nuclear explosion, the international control organ can send an inspection group to the site of the event in order to determine whether a nuclear explosion had taken place or not. The group would be provided with equipment and apparatus appropriate to its task in each case. . . .
This report was signed by Soviet as well as Western scientists, and Soviet political negotiators appeared to go along with its basic premises. In the ensuing three-power talks, seventeen articles of a test ban treaty expected to run to 25 articles, were hammered out. Then, following a progressive hardening of their line, the Soviets on September 1, 1961 unilaterally broke the three-year-old moratorium on nuclear weapons testing. On November 28, 1961 they formally repudiated the whole concept of international control and on-site inspection, points which Mr. Maddox apparently did not consider relevant to his analysis.
The Soviets returned to the principle of on-site inspection last December, offering a maximum of two or three inspections per year on their territory. The lowest figure mentioned by the United States has been seven. Mr. Maddox calls this difference "insignificant," and he makes a very serious charge. He says both the United States and the Soviet Union are guilty of engaging in "an intolerably devious attempt to obscure the issues at large with a bit of 'science.'" So "thin" is this "technical disagreement," according to Mr. Maddox, that "it has all the appearances of being a cloak for a general reluctance on the part of the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union to sign a test-ban treaty."
The mainstay of this charge is Mr. Maddox's assertion that the two nuclear sides "differ only in their notions of how frequently inspection teams should be allowed on each other's territory to look for evidence of nuclear explosions underground." This notion has been perpetrated by some oversimplified news reports. But a study of the Conference documents as well as reference to several news conferences by President Kennedy and Secretary of State Rusk show clearly that the more basic divergence is over how the inspections will be carried out, something the Soviets simply refuse to discuss until their quota of two or three inspections is accepted. What criteria will be used to determine if an event is eligible for inspection? What will be the size of the area inspected? Will inspectors have unimpeded access to it? What equipment will they be allowed to take with them? How much time will they have to conduct their inspection? How large will the inspection team be? How will it be formed? How and to whom will it report? No amount of prodding by the West—and by some of the non-aligned delegations to the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee—has succeeded in drawing the Soviets out on this, the real crux, of the current deadlock. The Soviets say, "Accept our ceiling of two or three on-site inspections first and then we'll talk about the details." The U.S. and the U.K. say: "We want to be sure they are real inspections, effectively seeking evidence of sneak nuclear tests, and not conducted tours."
It is interesting to note that while the Soviets have returned to the principle of on-site inspection, they continue to deny that there is any scientific justification for it. They say their offer of two or three annual on-site inspections is purely political—an attempt to meet the Allies half way. However, they have steadfastly declined invitations to present their own data in support of this contention. They prefer to limit themselves to quotes from Western press clippings of Congressional hearings, often torn out of context.
Whether or not one accepts that the prospect of three annual on-site inspections poses a sufficient risk of discovery to deter a potential violator is, of course, basically a political judgment. But it cannot be made intelligently without reference to scientific data. The United States believes that available data, much of it developed at U.S. government expense, indicates that the reduced U.S. quota of seven inspections is much more realistic than three—this, in view of the present state of the art of detection, location, and identification of underground events, and in view of the estimated average annual number of unidentified events on Soviet soil.
Robert Don Levine
Public Affairs Officer
U. S. Information Service
Geneva, Switzerland
Mr. Maddox writes:
To argue about these issues may seem irrelevant now that a partial test ban has been signed, but the history of the negotiations contains many lessons for the negotiation of the other measures of arms control that may now be within reach.
In reply to Mr. Levine: I described the 1958 scheme for on-site inspection as an "afterthought" because it appeared for the first time in the report of the Expert Committee as a necessary, but unexpected, complement to the use of remotely sited seismometers for detecting and identifying underground tests. The Committee did not appreciate the technical and political difficulties of carrying out a physical inspection of every site at which a suspicious seismic event occurred, and within six months Mr. Macmillan was in Moscow with the much more practicable proposal that there should be a quota of on-site inspections. The moral is that no committee, working theoretically, can be expected to define the technical procedures necessary to make a treaty secure.
It is true that the Soviet Union has often changed its position on important issues, but it is wrong to suppose that the West has been entirely consistent, though its record is much better. For example, at the end of 1955 the issue of how high an inspection quota should be, became embittered as the result of disagreement on the frequency of small earthquakes in the Soviet Union. Experience has shown the Russians to have been right in their contention that Western estimates were twice as high as they should have been (and this is part of the reason why the West has felt able to reduce the size of the quota for which it asked).
Mr. Levine has not changed my view that the difference between three inspections a year and seven is unimportant. Some on-site inspection must be provided for, but the number of inspections requested by either side is really a measure of what chance of discovery would be sufficient to deter the other side from cheating. To say that a certain chance will do, and that half that chance will not do, is to make a metaphysical assertion. In any case, this is not a technical matter at all, but a psychological one or, as Mr. Levine says, a political one. The same is true of questions like what areas are to be thrown open to on-site inspection; they are not technical absolutes, but some of the factors influencing the efficiency of a single on-site inspection. One of my complaints was that it has been customary to support chosen positions on issues like these with technical arguments; improvements in seismology might make it possible to change the quota of on-site inspections, but not improvements in the political climate. In this connection I think the United States was slow to recognize the importance of the Russian return to the principle of on-site inspection earlier this year.
I did not intend to question the honor of the U.S. government or the integrity of the men who have made test-ban policy for the last five years. Indeed, I argued that pressures outside the test ban proper have probably forced them into unduly rigid attitudes. My sense of exasperation, in May of this year, was founded on statements like the one made by John Foster describing the impasse at Geneva to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. On March 11 of this year he said: ". . . The Soviet Union is aware that our number is based on a set of provisions accompanying the number and unless all of the provisions are included, that we are unwilling to even talk about the numbers. But they have been unwilling to say anything until and unless you accept three on-site inspections and three unmanned stations." Both sides, it seems to me, were over-rigid. Both of them could properly be asked to compromise, and that was the real purpose of my article.


text:
March 26, 2011
By Richard Stevens - Senior Writer/GoLobos.com
Vincent White's love of football and his unwavering belief in education were once strengthened by a wake-up call that came long before the sun scratched its way across the eastern horizon and on to the city of Denver.
It was get up, catch a ride with grandma to the corner of 32nd boulevard, jump on a 6 a.m., Denver Metro, transfer to another bus in the downtown area, and finish up a few blocks from J.K. Mullen High.
The young White didn't have to make this long haul to Mullen High to play football. The 5-foot-8 dynamo was good enough to play anywhere he strapped on the pads. But, then, maybe he did have to go to Mullen.
That's what grandma and grandpa wanted.
"There was a firm push toward academics," said White, 49, New Mexico's first-year running backs' coach. "My grandparents stressed education. They saw it as a way to a better life for their grandkids. We always had to do our homework first thing when we got home."
The "we" is Vincent and his younger brother. Vincent was born to a 16-year-old mother. His brother came a year later. Times were tough in some ways, but there was lots of love and plenty to eat.
"I never knew my father much," he said. "We grew up poor, raised by my grandparents. It was one of those things where you never really think about being poor because that's just the way it was and we always had what we needed. I can look back now and say, `Yeah, we were poor.'
"But we were raised right. Very disciplined. Strict. Grades came first or we couldn't play sports, but if we had the grades, we could play whatever we wanted to."
White grew up concentrating on track, basketball and football - and education.
One of the best choices for education in the Denver area is Mullen High, a private school that comes with tuition. "To this day, I never knew who paid my tuition," said White. "But I owe that person a lot."
Mullen was built in the 1930s for orphan boys, who worked the dairy farm located on the plush Mullen grounds. It later grew into a college-prep school for boys and is now a co-ed college-prep school that stresses education and humanitarian principles. It is a school that attempts to build character as it builds minds.
They also play good football there and Mullen will be looking for an unprecedented fourth straight Class 5A title this fall. White was a Mullen star who led the school to its first state crown in 1978. He was good enough to get scholarship offers from across the country and narrowed his choices to Nebraska, Southern Methodist, Colorado, Arizona State and Stanford.
He entered Stanford along with a hotshot quarterback out of California named John Elway.
"Going to school at Mullen, I understood the value of college beyond football," said White. "I knew exactly what Stanford was about. Stanford is a little bit different."
White has his memories from Stanford. He had a 76-yard punt return to beat No. 1-ranked Washington during his senior year. He led D-I football in receptions in 1982 with 69 grabs. He was All-Pac 10 First Team and All-America Honorable Mention.
He also was one win away from a bowl game that year and an Elway-led drive handed the Cardinal the lead over Cal-Berkeley with four seconds to play in the final game of the season. A bowl game was a few ticks of the clock away.
The ensuing kickoff led to what is now called, "The Play." The Bears lateraled the ball five times - two of them controversial - and scored the winning TD plowing through the Stanford band. "That isn't a good memory," said White.
Elway and White were among several Stanford offensive players drafted. Elway went NFL. White went USFL, playing for the Denver Gold. When he tore a rotator cuff in his fourth season, he decided to move into coaching.
White has a rich history of football. He comes to UNM after four years at Southeast Missouri State, where he was an assistant head coach and offensive coordinator. He also has coached at Delaware State, St. Mary's College (head coach), Utah, Arizona State, Pittsburgh, Mansfield University, SMU, Maryland, Pacific, Tennessee-Martin and Oregon Tech.
White said he went into coaching because his love of the game. He also did it because it was a way to impact young men in the same positive way his life was impacted long ago at Mullen High, at Stanford.
"Coaching is about the kids and I think colleges are drifting away from that," said White. "There is too much money involved now.
"My job as a coach is to bring in players and help them become the best players they can be. But I won't be doing my job if any of my players leave without a degree."
White's grandparents have passed away. But when White talks about education, it's easy to cock an ear and hear a loving grandmother wakening up a young boy and pushing him toward a bus stop, toward his future.


text:
Ecoplay water recycling for lower consumption
CME Sanitary Systems
Ecoplay greywater management system
Recycling water in the home with Ecoplay greywater management system from CME Sanitary Systems helps meet water efficiency targets.
The award winning Ecoplay greywater management system can make a 30 per cent saving by reusing bath and shower water.
Particles are skimmed from the surface and heavier waste flushed away before being redirected to toilets, from a 100 litre storage tank supplying 15 flushes.
Ecoplay provides a constant supply of water, recognising if toilets are not flushed within a 24 hour period.
The system is compatible with back to wall and wall mounted toilets.
With the introduction of the Code for Sustainable Homes environmental impact rating, many within the construction industry now have a mandatory requirement to reduce water consumption per household.
Currently, average water use per person, per day in the UK is around 130 litres.
However, the Code requires that all new-build social homes achieve a minimum of level 3, which limits water consumption to 105 litres, per person, per day.
To reach levels 5 and 6, water use is required to drop even further to 80 litres per person, per day.
Ecoplay makes it possible to retain high specification bathroom products, such as higher performance and normal deep baths, whilst still remaining within the reduced water consumption levels set by the Code.
Ecoplay won the 'Green Product of the Year' at the Sustainable Building Services Awards and received the Waterwise Marque from Waterwise, the UK's authority on water efficiency, and internationally, received a Silver award at the GAIA awards at the Big 5 in Dubai last year.
More stories
Wetroom products launched by CME
CME, a Wirquin Group Company, has recently launched a range of wetroom products including the Venisio, part of the new generation of shower channels.
Ecoplay greywater system for English Partnerships
Ecoplay micro greywater management system from CME Sanitary Systems has been designed to enhance domestic water-efficiency.
CME launches its pneumatic flush valve
CME Sanitary Systems introduces a water saving dual flush pneumatic valve with the launch of the Macdee Kayla valve.
HDPE pipework used in construction of rainwater harvesting system download
Geberit HDPE pipework has been used to construct a 35,000 litre rainwater harvesting system for the BREEAM rated Environment and Sustainability Institute (ESI) at the University of Exeter.
Training for Saniflo engineers to retain customer service levels download
Saniflo held specialist training seminars in Perth and Knutsford for their exclusive network of approved engineers as part of their ongoing product improvement programme.


text:
As many of you know, I'm a huge Dave Matthews Band fan and as luck would have it SunnyG loves them as well. We're going to see DMB at SBC Park in San Francisco this weekend. This will be Sunnygirl's first time in SF and I haven't been there since I was maybe 10 or 12.
She wants to go to all of the touristy things, which works for me, the concerts start at 5:30 each night, well the opening act (Jem) is at least; so we'll have the days and early evenings, since not a huge fan of hers. Black Eyed Peas are the second opener. So any suggestions of things that are must sees/places to eat while in SF during the day for us, or at night on Thursday. I know we're going to go see Alcatraz and go across the Golden Gate and head down towards Fisherman's Wharf area and Pier 39. All suggestions are welcome, also we're going to take the 101 on the way up, so anything on the way that we must see off the 101 feel free to suggest Thanks all.


text:
Book flights to Republic of Malta
You'll never be far from the ocean when you book tickets to Malta for your next vacation. Although it is a small country, Malta has a rich and full history dating back to prehistoric times, and today exudes a quaint and friendly atmosphere that is as warm and inviting as the Mediterranean Sea that surrounds it.
Malta's Must-See Attractions
- Immerse yourself in clear blue waters and relax on the white sands at the Blue Lagoon, an intimate beach hidden between a cove and uninhabited islet
- The Ġgantija Temples date from the megalithic age. The two temples, containing huge 57-ton stones, are simply awe-inspiring
- Take a boat tour of the harbor or go waterskiing over the warm Mediterranean waters
Discover Malta
Once a strategic military base, Malta is sometimes referred to as the "Fortress Island." Step back into a time of chivalry and honor at the Grand Master's Palace, where the beautiful architecture only adds more detail to the wealth of history. Inside you will find a museum featuring armor and weapons from the time of the Crusades.
Malta Sightseeing
The Maltese Islands are great for sightseeing. Find flights deals to Malta between November and May and experience the country's landscape at its peak. Wildflowers, ancient structures, and lush green hills await you here. If you prefer less rugged terrain, take a walk through the Sa Maison Gardens which overlook the harbor at Marsamxett.
Plan Your Malta Holiday
The weather is warm and dry almost year-round in Malta, so beach lovers can book flights to Malta through late October. You can find cheap hotels in Malta between October and March. Enjoy hot, sunny days relieved by ocean breezes during the summer. airberlin's Web and Quick Check-In services and other convenient options ensure a worry-free Malta trip.


text:
1. The Citi Preferred Card, which earns five points (worth one penny each) at the grocery store, drugstore, and gas stations.
2. My new dining card will be the Citi Forward Card, which pays me five points (worth one penny each) for restaurants and other entertainment.
With $2000 in spend times five points per dollar, I will earn $100 Hyatt or Marriott gift cards that I can use on qualifying stays towards future elite status. It took $3000 to $4000 in spend to earn a reward stay with my SPG card. I stay at lower-end properties and can find stays in the $100 range that will qualify as stays for elite status and promotions for bonus points.
The bonus points are only issued for the first year on these two cards, then they fall back to one point per dollar no matter the category of spend. I do believe the MTVU Card offers five points per dollar on restaurants for more than one year, and I'll switch to that a year down the road.
The sign-up bonuses are lousy at 6000 points for the Preferred card and 1000 points for the Forward card, but I need new cards to apply for. And the extra earnings per dollar will add up quickly in my categories. Note: Believe it or not Citi actually dropped the bonus on the Forward card???
Chase Priority Club Visa for 60,000 Points NOT Targeted
I've been hunting for the invitation for months and find out now I don't need it. It is available to everyone on the Priority Club website while you are shopping for a hotel:
Plus, get a Free Night every year, worldwide, and a 10% rebate on redemptions with the Priority Club® Select Visa®. Learn more.
I found this on the website Reservations Desk Page while attempting to book a night at the Savannah Airport. Just do a hotel search and when you have found the hotel you want, this should be above the room options. Maybe all you guys saw it before, but it is new to me and a card I plan on applying. Note: the application page it takes you to does indicate the 60K sign-up bonus and that the bonus is for first-time cardholders. The info is in the terms and conditions on the bottom of the page.
On a Speculative Note
I have nothing definite, can give no more info and don't have any more info but get the feeling we will be playing a game of Chase the miles again soon. As Colonel Clink, or maybe it was the Sargent, used to say: "I know nothing" What was the name of that show? American prisoners of war in WWII camp?
Katybug's Scores Amazed Me
I handle Katy's applications, and try to mirror mine. She does not exactly match my apps but I assumed her scores were similar to mine. The girl has two 900+ scores on the VantageScore scale on Transunion and Equifax. Her Experian score is very close to mine in the 830s as most of our pulls come from Experian in South Carolina, but the 900+ numbers really floored me. We'll be looking for more non Experian pulls for Katy in the very near future. She won't be applying for the Citi Forward or Preferred card as we shop together and the sign- up bonuses hardly warrant the inquiries unless you are a heavy spender in the bonus categories. We only need one Thank You point account at this point.
25,000 Membership Rewards Points,$200 Airline Credit, and One Year Lounge Access.
All Articles | Follow on Google+
Citi ThankYou® Premier Card
- Annual Fee: $95 fee waived for the first year
- Foreign Fees: No
- Card Type: Bank
Add to Favorites
- Earn 50,000 bonus ThankYou Points after $3,000 in purchases within the first 3 months of account opening - redeemable for $500 in gift cards, $625 for airfare, or other great rewards.
- Earn 3X ThankYou Points on Travel including Gas, 2X ThankYou Points on Dining Out and Entertainment, and 1X ThankYou Points on Other Purchases
- ThankYou® Points are worth 25% more when redeemed for travel through thankyou.com, as compared to gift cards
- No foreign transaction fees on purchases
- Points do not expire and earn unlimited ThankYou Points
- Annual Fee: $95 (fee waived for the first 12 months)
Citi ThankYou® Premier Card
- Annual Fee: $95 fee waived for the first year
- Foreign Fees: No
- Card Type: Bank
|FTG Review
|Reward Breakdown
|Points Breakdown
Earn (pt.)
3 months
Travel Purchases
Gas & Fuel Purchases
Entertainment Purchases
Restaurants Purchases
All Purchases
Already have this card? Maximize your rewards.


text:
We are glad to announce that this
journal will be published quarterly from the beginning of 2015.
We kindly hereby notify that
Archives of Razi Institute will hereafter be published merely online on its official
Dear Authors
The Journal is glad to announce that due to the decision made by Editorial Board, Research Notes will be welcome hereafter by Archives of Razi Institute.
Dear Authors,
We hereby take the chance to announce that this magazine receives NO COST to publish the accepted papers.
Email address


text:
Skin MD Natural Shielding Lotion for Dry Skin Product Review
Skin MD Natural Shielding Lotion is an amazing moisturizing lotion that can be used on any part of your body from face to feet to hands to legs.This product works differently in comparison to other moisturizers in that is uses a shielding method where the lotion helps to moisturize and then locks in moisture to rebalance your skin's natural moisture.It's important to follow the directions, because you do not need very much product to do a full application.I have been using this mostly for my face and feet, and this lotion really does work to reduce overall dryness and requires me to use it less and less over time.Users are recommended to apply the product to skin every four to eight hours for the first few days to a week, and then users can taper off the frequency of their applications as their skin adjusts and starts to moisturize itself.
I absolutely love how light weight it is, and it absorbs incredibly quickly even better.It makes a great hand lotion to minimize dryness because there is no oily residue or slippery feeling left minutes later.Really, the lotion absorbs in less than a few minutes.Skin MD Natural is also hypoallergenic, not tested on animals, non-comedogenic, and fragrance-free.I love fragrance-free lotions when it comes to my face, so this is definitely on my list of top three facial lotions.
This is one product I very much endorse and hold out as a miracle worker when it comes to aiding dry skin.
You can find Skin MD Natural Shielding Lotion www.skinmdnatural.com! You may also find it a retail location, which you can find through the site, as well.
Discussion and debate are highly encouraged, and we expect community members to participate respectfully. When asking a question, please check the FAQ section (above) for information about purchasing, price, dupes, and the like. If you have general feedback or need technical support, please contact us.
Comments that include advertisements, self-promotion, insults, etc. may be in violation of our comment policy and subject to deletion. Please see our comment policy for more information.


text:
Oooooh yes…I finally tried it. I've been eyeballing semifreddos for months. I kept avoiding making them because I felt like they would fall short of my grand expectations of them. How could anything low carb or sugar free taste anything like the frozen custards that I love? Why should I set myself up for disappointment? Let me tell you, I couldn't have been more wrong if I tried!! This semifreddo is so rich, so delicious, and so NOT low carb, sugarfree tasting. It's AMAZING. And, despite what I thought, was pretty darn easy to make. I will be making MANY more semifreddos to come – I am HOOKED!
Krys' Vanilla Semifreddo with a Blackberry Swirl
5 large egg yolks, room temperature
3/4 cup sweetener (I used ideal – this is granular)
1 1/4 cups heavy cream
1 heaped cup fresh blackberries
2 teaspoons vanilla extract
1/8 teaspoon salt
Let's start with the easiest thing. In a large bowl, add your egg yolks. Set them aside so they can begin to come to room temperature.
Take your heaped cup of blackerries, and add them to your food processor (either a prep processor or a large processor fitted with a small working bowl and small metal blade) with 1/4 cup of heavy cream and 1 tablspoon of sweetner. Puree until nice and smooth. Place into a small dish and set in the fridge to chill.
Next, we'll start on the whipped cream. Take the remaining 1 cup of heavy cream, and start whipping. Once there is some body to the cream, add 1/4 cup of sweetener. Continue to whip until you have reached the point of having stiff peaks. Once done, place in the fridge until we're ready to use it.
Now time for the only kind of hard part – the egg yolks. First, add your 2 teaspoons of vanilla, 1/2 cup sweetener, and pinch of salt to the yolk. Whisk until everything is well combined.
Now for the fun part. Get a pot of water simmering on the stove. You want just a small amount of water in the pot because you are going to set the bowl with the egg mixture over the top. You do not want the water to be able to touch the bottom of the bowl. Once the water is starting to warm, set your bowl on top and start whisking. If you have a hand mixed, now is the time to get it out. Fit it with the whisk attachments, and start mixing. You want to mix this for about 10 minutes, or until the color becomes more golden, and the egg mixture reaches a thick, smooth texture. It'll be close to a pudding that has just started to thicken up a bit. Once it reaches this point, remove it from the heat and set it aside to cool. You can also put it in an ice bath to speed the cooling process.
Ok…ALMOST there.
Grab a loaf pan, and give it a quick spray with cooking spray. If you don't have any, a little bit of oil or shortening will work. Line your tin with plastic wrap, leaving a 3″ overhang on each side. Set aside.
Once your egg mixture has cooled, you're ready to start putting your semifreddo together. Take your whipped cream and berry mixture out of the fridge. Start by adding 1/4 of the whipped cream into the egg mixture. Gently but thoroughly fold it in. Once this is combined, continue adding the remaining cream in in 3 more additions. Combine everything thoroughly, but do not overly mix.
Once everything is nice and combined, take a nice dallop of this custard and add it into your berry mixture. Combine it completely.
Pour about 1/3 of the custard into your lined tin. Drop/drizzle 1/3 of your berry mixture over the top of the custard.
Cover with another 1/3 of the custard, and repeat the dropping of berry mix. Top with the remaining custard, and drizzle the remaining berry mix over top. Take a butter knife, and drag it through the custard to "swirl" the berry mix through.
Once you're done swirling, pull your plastic overhang over the top of your semifreddo, covering it completely. You don't need to press it down, just cover the top. Set it in the freezer to set – at least 5 hours. Because this is made with whipped cream, it won't get completely solid. When you're ready to serve, pull the block out by the plastic wrap, and set onto a plate to cut into slices. This will make 8 generous servings!
Nutritional information
- Carbs: 2.5 grams, or 2 grams net
- Protein: 1.8 grams
- Fat: 7.8 grams
- Fiber: .5 grams
- Calories: 83
Can you believe that? Now THAT is what I call a "diet" dessert!
3 Responses to "Krys' Low Carb Vanilla Blackberry Swirl Semifreddo"
Glenda Says:
Krys, one question … when you say 3/4 cup of sweetener, do you mean equivalent to sugar sweetness? I'm assuming you do, but I just want to clarify. Thanks! Glenda
Krystal Says:
Hi Glenda!
I used 3/4 by measurement. The sweetener I like to use, Ideal, does actually measure cup for cup like sugar – it's not as overly sweet as other sweeteners. Splenda, to me, is entirely TOO SWEET if you measure cup by cup, and if you are planning to use that, I would probably look at cutting it back to 1/3 cup to mix with the egg yolks and 1/8 cup for the whipped cream.
Robin K. Says:
Oh, man. This looks so good. I think I'll try to make it tomorrow! Thanks for sharing


text:
Where?Perry Hi Way Hose Company
8281 Oliver Rd
Erie, Pennsylvania
ContactName: Kristin Fisher
Phone: 814-806-4870
Email: email@example.com
Fundraiser to benefit the volunteer firefighters of Perry Hi-way Hose Company. Local artisans, crafters, & vendors will be selling their wares, their will be refreshments & food, a 50/50 raffle, and Chinese Auction. All proceeds from the benefit will go directly to the volunteer firefighters of Perry Hi-Way Hose Company who answer over 1,000 calls a year. Admission is a $2 donation to the fire department. First 100 adult customers through the door will receive a goody bag!


text:
Jumpin' Jack
Jumpin' Jack is insane. Don't trust a word of what he says, but he plays some hot wax and his Weekly Jamboree rocks, and rolls....His playlists include Rockabilly, Western Swing, Memphis Rhythm and Blues, SUN, plain 1950s Rock and Roll, Calypso, Mambo, new rockin' bands, and a lot of crazy stuff. Don't miss this super-dooper show. It sounds R-E-A-L!
The Weekly Jamboree can be listened to on Mondays at 02:00PM Eastern time (USA) and Thursdays at 06:00PM Eastern time (USA) right here on Rockabilly Radio. See schedule for details.
You can also send Jumpin Jack requests by checking out these link's:


text:
GCSE Science/Cells
All animals and plants are made up of cells. Most cells have:
- A nucleus – controlling the activity of the cell. All cells have these at one point.
- Cytoplasm – where chemical reactions occur. Inside the cytoplasm are enzymes which speed up these reactions.
- A cell membrane – to control the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
- A Mitochondria which is where the energy is released from.
Plants also have
- Cell walls – to strengthen the cell.
- Chloroplasts – to absorb sunlight energy to make food by photosynthesis.
- Vacuole –full of cell sap.
A more advanced drawing of cells that may occasionally appear at GCSE:
Cells, tissues and organs[edit]
An Organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell. Cells act together to form tissues. For instance, the cells on the surface of a leaf form "pallisade tissue". A group of cells with similar structures and a particular function are called a tissue. Tissues are grouped together to form an organ. A leaf is an organ. Organs are grouped together to form an organism such as a whole plant or animal.
Organelle ----> Cells ----> Tissue ----> Organ ----> Organ system ----> Organism
Tissues are usually formed from specialised cells. The cells in the pallisade tissue are specialised to perform photosynthesis and contain many chloroplasts. Some other specialised cells are:
- Guard cells
- Egg cells
- Sperm cells
- Red blood cells
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of a lower concentration. The steeper the concentration gradient, the more rapid the rate of diffusion.
2 examples of diffusion are:
- Oxygen (required for respiration) passes through cell membranes and gas exchange surfaces (e.g. alveoli in lungs) by diffusion
- Carbon dioxide enters leaves and leaf cells by diffusion
If you spray a can of air freshener in a room in one corner and have another person sit somewhere else in the room, how come he/she can smell it after a few seconds? The air freshener diffuses throughout the room- from an area of high concentration (the area where you sprayed the deodorant) to an area of low concentration (where the other person is).
Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high water concentration (more dilute) to an area of a low water concentration (stronger) through a partially permeable membrane.
A partially permeable membrane allows water molecules to pass through (as they are smaller) but not solute molecules (they are too big). It acts like a sieve. Visking tubing is a partially permeable membrane. It is used in dialysis machines.
Plant cells need to be turgid (i.e. rigid) to support plant tissues. Plant cells become turgid when the concentration inside the cell is higher than outside. Therefore water moves into the cell by osmosis, and the vacuole swells and pushes against the cell wall.
If the concentration inside the cell is lower than outside, water moves out of the cell, the vacuole shrinks and the cell loses its shape and becomes flaccid. A cell which is flaccid (due to water loss from osmosis) is called plasmolysed. A plant that contains plasmolysed cells is said to wilt and the leaves droop, collapsing and hanging down from the stem.
Turgor is used to control the opening and closing of stomata, the pores on the underside of leaves. The stomata are surrounded by guard cells that can become turgid or flaccid. Stomata allow carbon dioxide into the leaf and water to escape through evaporation. They can control the rate of water loss from the plant. They also control transpiration where water loss from the leaves due to evaporation causes the flow of water and fresh minerals up the plant.
If an animal cell becomes turgid it can be in danger of bursting because it does not have a cell wall to protect it.
Active Transport[edit]
Diffusion and osmosis can only work if the concentration gradient is right. Sometimes an organism needs to transport something against a concentration gradient. The only way this can be done is through active transport, using energy produced by respiration. In Active transport, the particles move across a cell membrane from a lower to a higher concentration.
Examples of active transport[edit]
In plants: Plants need mineral salts (e.g. nitrates) for making proteins and growth. Nitrates are at a higher concentration inside the root cells than they are when dissolved in the water around the soil particles. If the plant relied on diffusion alone, the vital nitrate salts would drain out of the cells into the soil. So energy is deployed by the cells to actively transport nitrates across the cell membrane into the root cells, against the concentration gradient.
In humans Active transport takes place during digestion of food in the small intestine. After food has been absorbed by the villi for some time, the concentration of food molecules inside the villi increases, making it impossible for more food to diffuse into the villi. So simple sugars, amino acids, minerals and vitamins are actively absorbed into the villi, from an area of lower to an area of higher concentration
The Cell Cycle[edit]
At one time, biologists described the life of a cell division after another "Interphase". During the Cell Cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to create two daughter cells, each of which begin the cell cycle. During the normal cell cycle, interphase can be quite long, whereas the actual division of the cell takes place quickly. Interphase is divided into three phases: G1, S, and G2. The G1 period is a period of activity in which cells do most of their growing. During this phase, cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles. G1 is followed by the S phase, in which chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis of DNA molecules takes place. Key proteins associated with the chromosomes are synthesized during the S phase. Usually, once a cell enters the S phase and begins the replication of its chromosomes, it completes the rest of the cell cycle, including mitosis. When DNA replication is completed, the cell enters the G2 phase. G2 is usually the shortest of the three stages of interphase. During the G2 phase, many of the organells and molecules required for cell division are produced. When the events of the G2 phase is complete, the cell is ready to enter the M phase and begin the process of cell division.
The first and longest phase of mitosis, prophase, can take as much as 50-60 percent of the total time to complete mitosis. During prophase, the chromosomes become visible. The centrioles, two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope, separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus. The centriols lie in a region called the centrosome that helps to organise the spindle, a fanliek microtubule structure that help separate the chromosomes. During prophase, the condensed chromosomes become attached to fibers in the spindle at a point near the centromere of each chromatid.
The second phase of mitosis, metaphase, often only lasts a few minutes. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of the spindle.
Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis. During anaphase, the centromeres that join the sister chromatids separate, allowing the sister chromatids to separate and become individual chromosomes. The chromosomes continue to move until they have separated into two groups near the poles of the spindle. Anaphase ends when the chromosomes stop moving.
Following anaphase is telophase, the fourth and final phase of mitosis. In telophase, the chromosomes, which were distinct and condensed, begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material. A nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes. The spindle begins to break apart, and a nucleolus becomes bisible in each daughter nucleus. Mitosis is complete. Back to GCSE Science/Contents


text:
Long delay for Calgary trial of man accused of killing boy and his...
Study suggests people spent more money during Pan Am Games
Ashlee Simpson and husband Evan Ross have welcomed their first child...
Your partner has just opened a weak two-spade bid. Your hand is a strong 16...
Report on environmental response to Vancouver oil spill set to be released
GRAVENHURST - The family of the late Kris Clement is ensuring his memory lives on through a new scholarship at Canadore College in North Bay.
The Kris Clement Memorial Scholarship was awarded to its first recipient at Canadore College last month.
For Kris's mother Kim Clement, a scholarship award was the best way to keep her son's memory alive.
Kris, a Gravenhurst native, died tragically in November 2010, a week before his 20th birthday, when he lost control of his pickup truck on an icy road near South River and rolled over several times. He was attending Canadore at the time of his death.
The hope is that the scholarship will allow other students to benefit in their education in Kris's honour. Kris himself received a number of scholarship awards as a Canadore student.
In the wake of his death, a bursary was established at Gravenhurst High School where Kris was a graduate. Kim said she has been overwhelmed by the outpouring of donations in her son's name.
In December, Clement was approached about a fundraiser at Canadore's campus pub for the GHS bursary.
Three carloads of students from Gravenhurst accompanied Kim, her husband Bruce and son Kody to the event that raised approximately $2,500 through donations.
Kim later decided to keep those monies in North Bay. Turning those funds back to Canadore's bursary program actually led to the figure doubling to $5,000 because the government matches penny for penny college bursary donations, she said.
The Kris Clement Memorial Scholarship Award will be presented annually to a student that most exemplifies the attributes that Kris himself possessed.
He was a confident, friendly, outgoing, charismatic student in the business accounting program at Canadore. He also belonged to the Panther club hockey team and held a position on the Panther Athletic Council.
The scholarship criteria state that a male candidate should be studying their first or second year of the three-year accounting program, hold a minimum 3.0 Grade Point Average, be social and active in college life, and participate in athletics — either varsity sports or intramurals, with preference given to an applicant involved in a hockey program.
The award will hang at the college, like Kris's memorial at GHS.
"The goal is to help as many students as possible," she said. "The school has been amazingly supportive and honoured Kris with articles and a photo slide show."
She and 19 others were invited to Canadore's 42nd annual athletic awards banquet for the first scholarship presentation to Canadore hockey player Chris Crossey.
"To me, it's really important to have those little things around that keep him close," Kim said.
Following her son's death, Kim has been constantly reminded of who he was and what he meant to others.
Different groups of students made up a variety of T-shirts with Kris's name on the back. His college hockey team hung Kris's jersey behind the bench and wore special jerseys throughout their season.
"It's the little things," she said.
Gravenhurst Minor Hockey Association, where Kris grew up playing hockey, has also retired his midget hockey jersey. Plans are for it to hang in the new trophy cases at the Gravenhurst Centennial Centre.
Kim Clement is confident the funds will support several students in both Gravenhurst and North Bay as a lasting legacy to Kris.
Serving all the insurance needs of Gravenhurst and the surrounding Muskoka area, Johnston &...
So you have a seven-year-old Honda Accord EX sitting in your driveway. The vehicle has been a...
These days, with the ever-fluctuating cost of gas, it seems as if we are constantly checking out...
Antique Cast Iron Beds , located in the historic town of Mount Albert, Ontario, sells beautifully...
Although gas prices may seem ridiculously high right now, think back — they're not as bad as they...
Deidre Lazar , a successful Broker with Royal LePage Lakes of Muskoka, in the Almaguin Highlands...
Up to 69% off Oil Changes and More
Up to 49% off Aerial Adventure Courses


text: Turns out that our Rock of Love maestro was kind of befuddled the entire night at the Tonys celebration. That run-in with the descending stage scenery, you know, the one that fractured his nose, wasn't the only oddball affair. Earlier in the evening he had to hit the head so bad that he walked backwards down the red carpet. That's rock 'n' roll, y'all. Here's a short confession above.


text:
(forgot?) or Register
Makes managing your blog with two languages less cumbersome.
Download Version 1.2
Post editing screen with Basic Bilingual installed.
Basic Bilingual settings page.
Requires: 3.5 or higher
Compatible up to: 4.2.3
Last Updated: 2015-4-27
Active Installs:
Got something to say? Need help?
0 people say it works.
0 people say it's broken.
Log in to vote.


text:
Video Review: MAC Fall Colour Collection – Part 2
Video Review: MAC Fall Colour Collection – Part 2
As promised, here is part two! This video features a look at the lipsticks, lipglasses, and mineralize skinfinishes launching with the Fall Colour Collection, which will debut on September 29th.
Discussion and debate are highly encouraged, and we expect community members to participate respectfully. When asking a question, please check the FAQ section (above) for information about purchasing, price, dupes, and the like. If you have general feedback or need technical support, please contact us.
Comments that include advertisements, self-promotion, insults, etc. may be in violation of our comment policy and subject to deletion. Please see our comment policy for more information.


text:
Mutley is our hero for being so brave
Posted: July 30, 2014|
James Russell, from McMurtry and Harding vets, tells the story of his favourite patient this week.
MUTLEY has been a patient of ours for around a year and a half now and unfortunately, just over a year ago, she was diagnosed with lymphoma.
This is a serious and life-threatening cancer which affects the lymph nodes and if left untreated can, within weeks, lead to death.
It is something which can be treated with chemotherapy, which we do offer at the practice.
Although chemotherapy can sound serious, it does not always need to be and often side effects are much less of an issue in our canine patients.
Hair loss is rarely a significant problem.
It can still be distressing for patients though, as they cannot understand why they need to come to the vets so regularly for treatment and also have medication to take at home.
Mutley, however, has taken it all in her stride and still enjoys coming in for her weekly treatment and of course the treats and cuddles with staff afterwards!
Her owners have also been brilliant and, due to their regular visits, have become good friends with all the staff at our Buxton branch.
The usual life expectancy of patients on chemotherapy following diagnosis of lymphoma is normally six months to a year, much longer than if they had no treatment.
But Mutley is already exceeding expectations and still going strong over a year later and this we feels deserves her the title this month of Pet Hero!


text:
- English (16) (remove)
- monetary policy (2)
- Abgabe (1)
- Anleihe (1)
- Asset Prices (1)
- Bank (1)
- Deutsche Bundesbank (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Euro, Währung (1)
- European Central Bank (1)
- Transcript of a hearing before members of the House of Lords (UK) in Frankfurt on genuine economic and monetary union and its implication for the UK (2014)
- On November 8, 2013, several members of the British House of Lords' Subcommittee A conducted a hearing at the ECB in Frankfurt, Germany, on "Genuine Economic and Monetary Union and its Implications for the UK". Professors Otmar Issing and Jan Pieter Krahnen were called as expert witnesses. The testimony began with a general discussion on the elements considered necessary for a functioning internal market. Do economic union and monetary union require a fiscal union or even a political union, beyond the elements of the banking union currently being prepared? In this context, also the critique of the German current account surplus and the international expectations that Germany stimulate internal demand to support growth in crisis countries, were discussed. With regard to the monetary union, the members of the subcommittee asked for an assessment of how European nations and the banking industry would have fared in the banking crisis that followed the Lehman collapse, had there not been a common currency. Given the important role that the ECB has played in the course of the crisis management, the members further asked for an evaluation of the OMT-program of the ECB and also if the monetary union is in need of common debt instruments, in order to provide the ECB with the possibility of buying EU liabilities, comparable to the Fed buying US Treasury bonds. Finally, the dual role of the ECB for monetary policy and banking supervision was an issue touched on by several questions.
- Monetary policy and balance sheet adjustment (2014)
- In the wake of the Global Financial Crisis that started in 2007, policymakers were forced to respond quickly and forcefully to a recession caused not by short-term factors, but rather by an over-accumulation of debt by sovereigns, banks, and households: a so-called "balance sheet recession." Though the nature of the crisis was understood relatively early on, policy prescriptions for how to deal with its consequences have continued to diverge. This paper gives a short overview of the prescriptions, the remaining challenges and key lessons for monetary policy.
- Forward guidance: a new challenge for central banks (2014)
- n a contribution prepared for the Athens Symposium on "Banking Union, Monetary Policy and Economic Growth", Otmar Issing describes forward guidance by central banks as the culmination of the idea of guiding expectations by pure communication. In practice, he argues, forward guidance has proved a misguided idea. What is presented as state of the art monetary policy is an example of pretence of knowledge. Forward guidance tries to give the impression of a kind of rule-based monetary policy. De facto, however, it is an overambitious discretionary approach which, to be successful, would need much more (or rather better) information than is currently available. In Issing's view, communication must be clear and honest about the limits of monetary policy in a world of uncertainty.
- A new paradigm for monetary policy? (2013)
- Keynote speech to Conference "Twenty Years of Transition – Experiences and Challenges". Central Bank of Slovakia. Bratislava, 3 May 2013
- Challenges for monetary policy (2013)
- The financial crisis which started in 2007 has caused a tremendous challenge for monetary policy. The simple concept of inflation targeting has lost its position as state of the art. There is a debate on whether the mandate of a central bank should not be widened. And, indeed, monetary policy has been very accommodative in the last couple of years and central banks have modified their communication strategies by introducing forward guidance as a new policy tool. This paper addresses the consequences of these developments for the credibility, the reputation and the independence of central banks. It also comments on the recent debate among economists concerning the question whether the ECB's OMT program is compatible with its mandate.
- Monetary theory and monetary policy : reflections on the development over the last 150 years : [Version 8 Dezember 2012] (2012)
- In this paper, we provide some reflections on the development of monetary theory and monetary policy over the last 150 years. Rather than presenting an encompassing overview, which would be overambitious, we simply concentrate on a few selected aspects that we view as milestones in the development of this subject. We also try to illustrate some of the interactions with the political and financial system, academic discussion and the views and actions of central banks.
- Monetary theory and monetary policy : reflections on the development over the last 150 years (2012)
- In this paper, we provide some reflections on the development of monetary theory and monetary policy over the last 150 years. Rather than presenting an encompassing overview, which would be overambitious, we simply concentrate on a few selected aspects that we view as milestones in the development of this subject. We also try to illustrate some of the interactions with the political and financial system, academic discussion and the views and actions of central banks.
- Lessons for monetary policy: what should the consensus be? (2011)
- This paper outlines important lessons for monetary policy. In particular, the role of inflation targeting, which was much acclaimed prior to the financial crisis and since then has not lost much of its endorsement, is critically reviewed. Ignoring the relation between monetary policy and asset prices, as is the case in this monetary policy approach, can lead to financial instability. In contrast, giving, inter alia, monetary factors a role in central banks' policy decisions, as is done in the ECB's encompassing approach, helps prevent these potentially harmful side effects and thus allows for fostering financial stability. Finally, this paper makes a case against increasing the central banks' inflation target. JEL Classification: E44, E52, E58 Keywords: Inflation Targeting, Asset Prices, Financial Stability, ECB


text:
This is my version of the giblet gravy my grandaddy would make every year for Christmas. Feel free to modify; this is just a starting point, and everyone's tastes differ. (For example, while you can puree giblet gravy for a smoother texture, I like my chunks large enough to be fun, tasty, and identifiable.) Leave a comment and let me know how it goes!
Step 1: Saute giblets
The main body cavity usually houses the neck and tail; a bag of smaller parts may be in the chest cavity or tucked under the skin at the neck. This smaller bag should contain a liver (the big purple blob), the heart, and the gizzard.
Dump the lot into a hot, oiled pan with some pepper and a bay leaf. When you've browned the bits on all sides add a coarsely-chopped onion or two and stir.
Step 2: Deglaze and boil
Simmer and stir to remove any crispy bits from the bottom, then add 2 eggs, vegetables, and water to cover. Simmer for a while, replenishing the liquid as necessary. The eggs will thoroughly hardboil during the process.
2-3 carrots, coarsely chopped
2-3 ribs celery, coarsely chopped
handful parsley
*Sherry is a sweet fortified wine; any similar beverage will do. The alcohol cooks off entirely, so it's the sugars and taste complexity you're after.
Step 3: Chop giblets
Chop the liver, heart, gizzard, veggies, and eggs (after peeling). Pull meat from the neck and tail, and chop it into bits as well. Set aside. You'll probably want smaller chunks than I've used below; I was just a bit lazy.
using the formula of 2 Tb flour to 2 C gravy, and using turkey stock (made or bought) for the medium, I throw in the meat from the neck (cooked) the heart etc. the flour into the blender and hit liquify. let it go for about 1 minute and through it back in the roasting pan with a little white wine. Scrape up the little brown bits, let it come to a boil and you're done.
That stuff is crap, full of salt and sulfites so it won't spoil. You don't have to go expensive either. Anything that you would drink, you can cook with. To start off, go traditional: red wine for red meat, white wine for poultry or fish. Some wine are sweeter than others and you have to experiment to see what you like.
Here's a recipe for you Serves about 4"
1 Lb shrimp (cleaned a deveined))
1 Lb thin spaghetti
1/4 to 1/2 cup good olive oil
juice from 1 lemon
Garlic (i use about 5-6 cloves thinly sliced, YMMV)
Red Pepper flakes
salt and pepper to taste
Set a large pot containing at least 1 gallon of water to boil
add a large amount of Kosher salt to water (should taste like sea water)
Let it come to a boil and add spaghetti (leave it long) and gently stir about 30-60 seconds.
While waiting to come to a boil:
In a skillet add Olive oil, garlic and red pepper to oil and gently heat until the garlic turns soft (bring it up to heat and when garlic starts to simmer, watch closely don't allow to burn)
Let it sit for a few minutes to let the flavor of garlic and red pepper to steep into the oil.
Put the pan on med-med high and cook shrimp. When they are pink they're done. Don't overcook, you'll have rubber shrimp.
Take out shrimp, place in bowl, and add lemon juice and white wine to pan raise heat and cook until the liquids are reduced.
Your spaghetti should be ready by now (~9 minutes for al dente)
add shrimp back to pan on low to keep warm
Drain spaghetti, throw in pan, toss to coat.
Serve family style on a nice big platter with a little extra red pepper on top for garnish with a little sprinkle of sea salt
You S O will verily be impressed


text:
Tag Archives: Happy Mondays
Win tickets to see the Happy Mondays and stay at the Sea Spray Hotel
Sea Spray in conjunction with Ents24.com ! One lucky person will win 2x tickets to see the Happy Mondays on the 26th of May at The Brighton Centre PLUS 2x tickets to the show's After Party to see Peter Hook … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged Boutique, Brighton, Elvis Presley, Happy Mondays, life club brighton, Peter hook, Sea Spray Hotel Leave a comment
The Happy Mondays at the Brighton Centre May 26th 2013!
After selling out shows in their 2012 tour, the Happy Mondays are back and ready to twist Brighton's melon in 2013 .. On bank holiday Sunday 26th of May, the full original line-up of the Mondays will be bringing their … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged Brighton Centre, Happy Mondays, Sea Spray Hotel Leave a comment


text:
Home Future StudentsCurrent StudentsFaculty & StaffPatientsAlumni
A-Z | Web Mail | MyCU | UCD Access | SIS | Blackboard
GHS Pictogram Chart
On March 20th, 2012, OSHA announced that it was adopting the Global Harmonization System (GHS) to address growing international trade, different classifications of identical products, and requirements for an international safety standard. As a result of this action, the OSHA hazcom standard, material safety data sheets, and container labeling requirements will be modified over the coming years to fully comply with the GHS standards.
Under GHS the material safety data sheet (MSDS) will be replaced by the safety data sheet (SDS) and the exclusive use of the SDS will begin on June 1, 2015. Some of the new changes on the SDS will include the use of the following GHS elements:
Click here for actual regulations and other guidance put together by the US Department of Labor.
This section identifies the chemical and provides the name of the supplier, recommended uses, and detail contact information about the supplier including emergency contact information.
This section identifies the hazards and appropriate warning information such as:
Click here for a list showing how signal words, pictograms, hazard statements, and precautionary statements come together for each hazard class.
This section identifies the ingredients that make up the chemical including impurities and stabilizing additives which are themselves classified and which contribute to the classification of the chemical.
This section describes the initial care that can be given by an untrained responder without the use of sophisticated equipment or wide selection of medications. If medical attention is required the instructions should state this, including its urgency.
This section covers the requirements for fighting a fire caused by the chemical or arising in its vicinity.
This section recommends the appropriate response to spills, leaks, or releases in order to prevent or minimize the adverse effects on people, property, and the environment from the chemical.
This section provides guidance on the safe handling practices that minimize the potential hazards to people, property, and the environment from the chemical.
This section gives recommendations regarding appropriate engineering controls and individual protection measures such as personal protective equipment (PPE).
This section provides empirical data about the chemical in question to include (when available): appearance, odor, odor threshold, pH, melting/freezing point, initial boiling point and boiling range, flash point, evaporation rate, flammability, upper/lower flammability or explosive limits, vapor pressure, vapor density, relative density, solubilities, octanol-water partition coefficient, auto-ignition temperature, decomposition temperature, and viscosity.
This section describes reactivity hazards of the chemical and also indicates if the chemical is stable or unstable under normal ambient and anticipated storage and handling conditions of temperature and pressure. This section also describes: a) any stabilizers which may need to be used to maintain product stability, b) conditions that would create a hazard, c) conditions to avoid. Also covered under this section are a list of chemical classes that may react with the material to produce a hazardous situation and known or reasonably anticipated hazardous decomposition products.
This section is meant primarily for medical professionals and gives a comprehensive description of the various toxicological effects and the available data used to identify those effects. Relevant hazards for which data should be provided are: acute toxicity, skin corrosion/irritation, serious eye damage/irritation, respiratory or skin sensitization, germ cell mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, STOT-single exposure, STOT-repeated exposure, and aspiration hazards. Information should be provided regarding likely routes and symptoms of exposure including delayed and immediate effects as well as chronic effects from short and long term exposure.
This section provides information to evaluate the environmental impact of the chemical if it is released to the environment including toxicity data from tests performed on aquatic and/or terrestrial organisms. Test results relevant to assess persistence and degradability are given when available. Bioaccumulative potential, mobility in soil, and other adverse effects to the environment such as environmental fate, ozone depletion potential, photochemical ozone creation potential, endocrine disrupting potential and/or global warming potential are included when available.
This section provides information for proper disposal, recycling, or reclamation of the chemical to assist in the determination of safe and environmentally preferred waste management options. This section will list sewage disposal and identify any special precautions for incineration and/or landfill as applicable. Because restrictions and regulations differ from state to state and at the regional and municipal level, it is impairative to refer to local and state restrictions. Questions regarding proper disposal should be addressed by the University Environmental Health and Safety Department at 303-724-0345.
This section provides basic classification information for the transporting/shipment of the chemical by road, rail, sea, or air.
This section describes any other regulatory information on the chemical that is not otherwise provided elsewhere in the SDS.
This section provides information relevant to the preparation of the SDS. This should incorporate other information that does not belong in sections 1 through 15 of the SDS including information on the preparation and revision of the SDS such as the date of the preparation or last revision of the SDS, a key/legend to the abbreviations and acronyms used in the SDS, and key literature references and sources of data used to compile the SDS.
Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) training is available online through SkillPort as part of the training available to University staff. After logging in to UCDAccess, access the training menu under the "CU Resources" tab to do a search using the keyword "hazcom".
It is preferable that you obtain an SDS for your hazardous material from the actual manufacturer of the product you are using. An SDS should be provided with the product shipment or be available online through the manufacturer. The following are Internet accessible and searchable databases with SDS for multiple manufacturers. Do not rely on an SDS that is older than five years.
© The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate. All rights reserved.
All trademarks are registered property of the University. Used by permission only.