text:
A method and system generates and compares fingerprints for videos in a video library. The video fingerprints provide a compact representation of the spatial and sequential characteristics of the video that can be used to quickly and efficiently identify video content. Because the fingerprints are based on spatial and sequential characteristics rather than exact bit sequences, visual content of videos can be effectively compared even when there are small differences between the videos in compression factors, source resolutions, start and stop times, frame rates, and so on. Comparison of video fingerprints can be used, for example, to search for and remove copyright protected videos from a video library. Further, duplicate videos can be detected and discarded in order to preserve storage space.
1. A method for fingerprinting a video, comprising:
receiving the video;
segmenting the video into a plurality of video segments including a first video segment, the first video segment having a plurality of video frames;
performing a three-dimensional transform on the plurality of video frames in the first video segment to generate a three-dimensional wavelet, wherein the three-dimensional wavelet represents spatial information within the video frames and sequential characteristics between the video frames;
quantizing the three-dimensional wavelet to generate a first video fingerprint;
storing a video fingerprint sequence to a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein each video fingerprint in the video fingerprint sequence is associated with a different video segment in the plurality of video segments;
comparing the video fingerprint sequence to a reference fingerprint sequence; and
determining a similarity between the video fingerprint sequence and the reference fingerprint sequence based on the comparison.
2. The method of
3. The method of
encoding and flattening the three-dimensional wavelet to a one-dimensional structure.
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
selecting a subset of N coefficients of the three-dimensional wavelet, where N is an integer; and
setting negative coefficients of the N coefficients to a first fixed value;
setting positive coefficients of the N coefficients to a second fixed value;
setting remaining coefficients of the three-dimensional wavelet to a third fixed value, wherein the remaining coefficients are not among the N coefficients.
7. The method of
8. The method of
selecting N largest magnitude coefficients of the three-dimensional wavelet.
9. The method of
selecting N coefficients having a magnitude greater than a threshold magnitude.
10. The method of
indexing the video fingerprint to an index storing an association between the video fingerprint and an identifier of the first video segment.
11. A computer system for generating a video fingerprint comprising:
one or more processors; and
a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing computer-executable program modules executable by the one or more processors, the computer-executable program modules comprising: an input module adapted to receive a video; a segmenting module adapted to segment the video into a plurality of video segments including a first video segment, each segment including at least two frames;
a transform module adapted to perform a three-dimensional transform on the at least two frames in the first video segment to generate a three-dimensional wavelet, wherein the three dimensional wavelet represents spatial characteristics and sequential characteristics of the at least two frames associated with the first video segment;
a quantizing module adapted to quantize the three-dimensional wavelet to generate a first video fingerprint;
an output module adapted to store a video fingerprint sequence to a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein each video fingerprint in the video fingerprint sequence is associated with a different video segment in the plurality of video segments; and
a comparison module adapted to compare the video fingerprint sequence to a reference fingerprint sequence and determine a similarity between the video fingerprint sequence and the reference fingerprint sequence based on the comparison.
12. The computer system of
13. The computer system of
14. The computer system of
15. The computer system of
16. The computer system of
17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions for fingerprinting a video, the instructions when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform steps including:
receiving the video;
segmenting the video into a plurality of video segments including a first video segment, the first video segment having a plurality of video frames;
performing a three-dimensional transform on the plurality of video frames in the first video segment to generate a three-dimensional wavelet, wherein the three-dimensional wavelet represents spatial information within the video frames and sequential characteristics between the video frames;
quantizing the three-dimensional wavelet to generate a first video fingerprint;
storing a video fingerprint sequence to a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein each video fingerprint in the video fingerprint sequence is associated with a different video segment in the plurality of video segments;
comparing the video fingerprint sequence to a reference fingerprint sequence; and
determining a similarity between the video fingerprint sequence and the reference fingerprint sequence based on the comparison.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of
19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of
20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of
21. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of
1. Field of Art
The invention generally relates to video processing, and more specifically to video fingerprinting.
2. Description of the Related Art
Electronic video libraries may contain thousands or millions of video files, making management of these libraries an extremely challenging task. The challenges become particularly significant in the case of online video sharing sites where many users can freely upload video content. In some cases, users upload unauthorized copies of copyrighted video content, and as such, video hosting sites need a mechanism for identifying and removing these unauthorized copies. While some files may be identified by file name or other information provided by the user, this identification information may be incorrect or insufficient to correctly identify the video. An alternate approach of using humans to manually identifying video content is expensive and time consuming.
Another problem faced by video sharing sites is that users may upload multiple copies of video content to the site. For example, popular items such as music videos may be uploaded many times by multiple users. This wastes storage space and becomes a significant expense to the host. A third problem is that due to the large number of files, it is very difficult to organize the video library based on video content. Thus, search results may have multiple copies of the same or very similar videos making the results difficult to navigate for a user.
Various methods have been used to automatically detect similarities between video files based on their video content. In the past, various identification techniques (such as an MD5 hash on the video file) have been used to identify exact copies of video files. Generally, a digital "fingerprint" is generated by applying a hash-based fingerprint function to a bit sequence of the video file; this generates a fixed-length monolithic bit pattern—the fingerprint—that uniquely identifies the file based on the input bit sequence. Then, fingerprints for files are compared in order to detect exact bit-for-bit matches between files. Alternatively, instead of computing a fingerprint for the whole video file, a fingerprint can be computed for only the first frame of video, or for a subset of video frames. However, each of these methods often fail to identify videos uploaded by different users with small variations that change the exact bit sequences of the video files. For example, videos may be uploaded from different sources and may vary slightly in how they are compressed and decompressed. Further, different videos may have different source resolutions, start and stop times, frame rates, and so on, any of which will change the exact bit sequence of the file, and thereby prevent them from being identified as a copy of an existing file.
Other attempts to solve the described problems have involved applying techniques related to finding duplicate images. In these techniques individual frames of the video are treated as separate and independent images. Image transforms are performed to extract information representing spatial characteristics of the images that are then compared. However, there are two main weaknesses in this technique when trying to handle video. First, video typically contains an enormous number of image frames. A library may easily contain thousands or millions of videos, each having frame rates of 15 to 30 frames per second or more, and each averaging several minutes in length. Second, directly applying image matching techniques to video ignores important sequential information present in video. This time information is extremely valuable in both improving detection of duplicates and reducing the amount of data that needs to be processed to a manageable quantity, but is presently ignored by most techniques.
In view of the problems described above, an improved technique is needed for finding similarities between videos and detecting duplicate content based on the perceived visual content of the video. In addition, a technique is needed for comparing videos that is unaffected by small differences in compression factors, source resolutions, start and stop times, frame rates, and so on. Furthermore, the technique should be able to compare and match videos automatically without relying on manual classification by humans.
A method and system generates and compares fingerprints for videos in a video library using fingerprints that represent spatial information within certain frames of the video, as well as sequential information between frames. The methods for generating video fingerprints provide a compact representation of the spatial and sequential characteristics that can be used to quickly and efficiently identify video content. The methods also allow for comparing videos by using their fingerprints in order to find a particular video with matching content (such as, for example, to find and remove copyright protected videos or to find and remove duplicates). In addition, the methods enable organizing and/or indexing a video library based on their visual content by using video fingerprints. This can provide improved display of search results by grouping videos with matching content.
A video fingerprint is generated by applying a three-dimensional transform to a video segment. The video fingerprint represents both the spatial characteristics within the frames of the video segment and sequential characteristics between frames; the transform is said to be three-dimensional because the spatial information within frames provides two dimensions of information, while the sequential information provide the third dimension of temporal information. Furthermore, because the fingerprint is based on the spatial and sequential characteristics of the video segment rather than an exact bit sequence, video content can be effectively compared even when videos have variations in compression factors, source resolutions, start and stop times, frame rates, and so on. A set of fingerprints associated with each segment of a video provide a fingerprint sequence for the video.
The set of video fingerprints for a received video can be compared against reference fingerprints for videos stored in a reference database. In this manner, matching videos can be efficiently located. This is useful for at least two reasons. First, when a video is uploaded to a file sharing site, it may be immediately checked against all videos in the library. If matches are found, the video can be properly indexed in order to eliminate presentation of duplicates in search results. Alternatively, it may be desirable to discard the uploaded video if any matches are found and only accept new entries to the library that are unique. Second, if a video is known to be copyright protected, its fingerprint can be used to efficiently search for visually identical videos in the library so that copyrighted material can be removed.
A system for detecting duplicate video content includes an ingest server, a fingerprinting module, an indexing module, a matching module, and a reference database. The ingest server receives an input video from a video source and provides the video to the fingerprinting module, which generates a fingerprint sequence for the ingest video. Each fingerprint in the fingerprint sequence is indexed by the indexing module according to one or more hash processes which selectively reduce the dimensionality of the fingerprint data. A matching module compares fingerprints and/or fingerprint sequences in the reference database to the fingerprint sequence associated with the ingest video and determines if a match is found. The matching module may be used both to locate particular video content from a query and to organize video search results based on their content.
Fingerprints can be generated using various techniques provided that each fingerprint is based upon the intra-frame spatial and inter-frame sequential (temporal) characteristics of the video. In one described embodiment, a system for generating a video fingerprint sequence includes a normalization module, a segmenting module, a transform module, and a quantization module. The normalization module converts received videos to a standard format for fingerprinting. The segmenting module segments the normalized video into a number of segments, each segment including a number of frames. Each segment of frames is separately transformed by the transform module in the horizontal, vertical, and time dimensions. This three-dimensional transform computes frequency information about edge differences in the spatial and temporal dimensions. The result is a three-dimensional array of coefficients that will be unique to the spatial and sequential characteristics of the group of frames. A Haar wavelet transform provides one example of a transform that can be used for this purpose; various other transforms may also be utilized. A quantizing module quantizes the three-dimensionally transformed segment in order to reduce the amount of data while still preserving the spatial and sequential characteristics of the video. The quantized transform results provide a video fingerprint for each video segment. A fingerprint sequence for the video is formed from the ordered set of fingerprints of the video segments.
The features and advantages described in the specification are not all inclusive and, in particular, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims. Moreover, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter.
The figures depict various embodiments of the present invention for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following discussion that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the invention described herein.
The ingest server 104 is adapted to receive one or more videos from a video source 102. The video source 102 can be, for example, a client computer coupled to the ingest server 104 through a network. In this configuration, a user can upload video content to the ingest server 104 from a remote location. Alternatively, the video source 102 can be a database or other storage device coupled to the ingest server 104. For example, the video source 102 can be a video storage medium such as a DVD, CD-ROM, Digital Video Recorder (DVR), hard drive, Flash memory, or other memory. The ingest server 104 may also be coupled directly to a video capture system such as a video camera.
The ingest server 104 stores the received videos to the video library 116. The ingest server 104 can also pass received videos directly to the fingerprinting module 106 for fingerprinting immediately upon receipt. The ingest server 104 pre-processes the received video to convert it to a standard format for storage in the video library 116. For example, the ingest server 104 can convert the frame rate, frame size, and color depth of a received video to predetermined formats. For example, storage format can be Adobe FLASH�, with a frame size of 320�240 at 15 fps, and 8 bit color.
The fingerprinting module 106 receives a video from the ingest server 104 or from the video library 116 and generates a sequence of fingerprints associated with the video. Typically, the fingerprint module 106 divides the received video into multiple overlapping segments with each segment comprising a number of video frames, and a fingerprint is separately generated for each segment. Each fingerprint compactly represents spatial information within the group of video frames in the video segment and sequential characteristics between frames of the video segment. The fingerprint uniquely identifies a video segment based on its visual content such that minor variations due to compression, de-compression, noise, frame rate, start and stop time, source resolutions and so on do not significantly affect the fingerprint generated for the video segment. The complete ordered set of video fingerprints for the segments of a video provides a fingerprint sequence for the video.
The indexing module 108 receives the video fingerprint sequences for each video from fingerprinting module 106 and indexes the fingerprint sequences into the reference database 112. The indexing process can use a variety of different hash techniques to generate a signature for a fingerprint that uniquely identifies the fingerprint while fixing the size of the fingerprint data. The signature is broken into signature blocks and indexed in hash tables. Indexing beneficially reduces the number of bit comparisons needed to compare two fingerprints. Thus, searches for matching fingerprints can be accelerated relative to direct bit-for-bit comparisons of fingerprints.
The matching module 110 compares videos or video segments and generates a matching score indicating the likelihood of a match. The matching module 110 compares the fingerprint sequence of an ingest video to reference fingerprint sequences stored in the reference database 112. Alternatively, the matching module 110 compares fingerprint sequences in the reference database 112 corresponding to two or more videos stored in video library 116. The matching module 110 may further receive a search query from a user requesting particular content and output a video 118 from the video library 116 that matches the query 114.
The video library 116 is a storage device for storing a library of videos. The video library 116 may be any device capable of storing data, such as, for example, a file server, a hard drive, a writeable compact disk (CD) or DVD, or a solid-state memory device. Videos in the video library 116 are generally received from the ingest server 104 and can be outputted to the fingerprinting module 106 for fingerprinting. Videos are also outputted 118 by the matching module 110 that are relevant to a search query 114.
The reference database 112 stores the indexed fingerprints for each video in the video library 116. Each entry in the reference database 112 corresponds to signature blocks generated in the indexing process. Each entry is mapped to unique identifiers of the video segments corresponding to each signature block. The reference database 112 can be searched by the matching module 110 to quickly compare fingerprints and/or fingerprint sequences.
The described system can implement several usage scenarios. A first scenario enables the system to query-by-video to find identical or similar videos to a selected video. Here, a system operator provides an input query 114 to the matching module 110. The input query 114 is in the form of a video having particular content of interest such as, for example, video content that is copyright protected. A fingerprint sequence is generated for the copyright protected video and the reference database 112 is searched for matching fingerprints. Unauthorized copies can then be removed from the video library 116 (or otherwise processed) if the matching module 110 detects a match. In addition, new uploads can be automatically screened for unauthorized copies of known copyrighted works. Here, a newly uploaded video is fingerprinted and the fingerprint sequence is compared against fingerprint sequences for the known copyrighted videos. Then, matching uploads are blocked from storage in the video library 116. In one embodiment, the video can be processed in pieces as it is received so that so that the full video need not be received before processing begins.
In a second scenario, the system is used to detect and remove multiple copies of video content from the video library 116. Duplicate or near duplicate videos may be found within the video library 116, or new videos uploaded by the ingest server 104 may be automatically compared against videos in the video library 116. Duplicate videos found in the video library 116 are removed in order to save storage space. In one embodiment, if a new video is received that already has a duplicate in the video library 116, the new video is simply discarded.
In another scenario, the system can be used to provide organized search results of videos. In this scenario, a user provides an input query 114 and the matching module 110 returns relevant video results. The input query 114 can be in the form a conventional text-based search query or can be in the form of a video file as described previously. Using their fingerprint sequences, video results are compared to one another by the matching module 110 and matching videos are grouped together in the search results.
Referring now to
An example structure for a video received by the fingerprinting module 106 is provided in
Turning back to
The segmenting module 220 receives the normalized video from the normalization module 210 and divides the video into a number of segments with each segment including a number of frames. The segments may be stored, for example, in temporary buffers and outputted separately to the transform module 230. The segments preferably overlap by some number of frames.
The transform module 230 operates on the video segments obtained from the segmenting module 220. The transform module 230 comprises a row transformer 232, a column transformer 234, and a time column transformer 236 for performing a three-dimensional transform on each video segment. This three-dimensional transform computes frequency information about edge differences in two spatial dimensions and one temporal dimension. Because the transform results are based on the spatial and sequential characteristics rather than an exact bit sequence, the fingerprint can identify a video segment based on its content even in the presence of variations in compression factors, source resolutions, start and stop times, frame rates, and so on. The output of the transform module 230 is a three-dimensional array of coefficients that will be unique to the spatial and sequential characteristics of the group of frames in each video segment.
A quantization module 240 quantizes the three-dimensionally transformed segment in order to standardize the data size while still preserving the spatial and sequential characteristics of the video. Additionally, the quantization module 240 encodes and flattens the transformed coefficient array to a one-dimensional bit vector. The one-dimensional bit vector provides a fingerprint for an individual video segment.
Referring now to
The segmenting module 220 separates 404 the normalized video into a number of segments of consecutive video frames that may be overlapping. In one embodiment, each video segment includes the same number of video frames, typically, the number being equal to 2n where, n is an integer. Furthermore, the segments of video frames preferably overlap by a fixed number of frames. For example, referring now to
Referring again to
In one embodiment, the row transformer 232, column transformer 234, and time column transformer 236 each apply a Haar wavelet transform across their respective dimensions. In alternative embodiments, different types of transforms may be used such as, for example, a Gabor transform, or other related transform.
A row of pixels is received 602 by the row transformer 232. In the example illustration of
In step 614, the next row 706 is created. In the new row, all values are copied 616 to from the values in the previous row 704 except for values in the 1st section. Thus, entries 5-8 in row 706 are equivalent to entries 608 in row 704. The first section of the new row 706 is divided 618 into a new first and second section of equal size. The process then repeats 620 back to step 606 and iterates until the first section is a single entry and cannot be divided any further. The final values of the entries are illustrated in row 708. The final row 708 then overwrites 622 the original row 702. In this way, when the transforms for the other dimensions are applied (column, and time column), they are applied to the results of the transform in the previous dimension (not the original pixels). It is noted that in different embodiments, transforms may be applied to the dimensions in any order. Furthermore, in alternate variations, the sums and/or differences of pairs can instead include some other aggregate function, such as an average function.
The resulting values in 708 provide information relating to edge differences in the original row of pixels 702. As can be seen, the first value of 708 represents a sum of all the pixels in the original row 702. The second value represents the difference between the sum of values in the first half and the sum of values in the second half of original row 702. The third value represent the difference between the first quarter and second quarter, the fourth value represents the difference between the third quarter and fourth quarter, and so on. These values provide edge information since edges correspond to differences in luminance value, at varying frequencies with the first entry corresponding to the lowest frequency edges and the last entries corresponding to the highest frequencies. Note that some of the values will be positive, some will be negative, and many will be close or equal to zero.
Alternate techniques can be used to compute the Haar wavelet transform. For example techniques using boxlets, summed-area tables, or integral images may be utilized. In one technique, partial sums are first formed across the original row of pixels. In the partial sum, the value stored at a particular pixel location is equal to the sum of that pixel's luminance value plus the luminance values of all previous pixels. It is observed that the values in 708 are the differences between the sums of adjacent ranges of the original pixels. Then, the entries in the final result 708 can be computed directly by the differences of two partial sums.
The transform process of
Referring again to
As part of the quantizing process, the quantization module 240 encodes 410 the three-dimensional coefficient array and flattens the array to a one-dimensional bit vector. If, for example, each bit is quantized to +1, −1, or 0 a two-bit encoding scheme uses the bits 10 for +1, 01 for −1, and 00 for zero. Various other encoding techniques are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. The output of the quantization module 240 is a quantized and encoded bit vector that forms a fingerprint for a single video segment.
The fingerprinting process then repeats 412 for each video segment in the video. The ordered set of video fingerprints generated by the process forms a fingerprint sequence for the entire video file. A fingerprint sequence can be compared to a reference fingerprint sequence by counting the number of differences between the bits in the respective sequences. This comparison provides a good indication of the similarity between the videos associated with the fingerprint sequences.
In order to reduce the number of bit comparisons when comparing fingerprints to each other, the fingerprints are indexed by the indexing module 108. An example process for indexing uses a min-hash process as illustrated in
As described above, the video fingerprint is in the form of a bit vector that represents the flattened quantized three-dimensional transform results for an individual segment. Generally, the indexing module applies a number P permutations to the bits of the fingerprint. Each permutation defines a bit re-arrangement (e.g., bit swap) of the bits of the fingerprint; the permutation may be a random permutation or algorithmic. The permutations are preferably defined beforehand, but once defined the permutations are fixed and always applied in the same order.
Referring to
The min-hash process described above can be further combined with locality sensitive hashing. In locality sensitive hashing, each signature is divided into a number of signature blocks and each signature block is placed into a different hash table. For each entry in the hash tables, unique identifiers of any video segment that generates that particular signature block are stored with the corresponding signature block.
Once each video segment's signature is indexed for a collection of videos, the matching module 110 can be used to efficiently compare and match fingerprints of video files. Using the hash techniques described above, videos can be compared simply by comparing the index values of their signature blocks for each segment, rather than performing a bit-for-bit comparison of the entire fingerprint sequence. An example matching process is illustrated in
In step 1002, a signature sequence (corresponding to the ordered signatures of a fingerprint sequence) for an ingested video is received by the matching module 110. Each signature block of a first signature in the signature sequence is hashed 1004 into the corresponding hash tables. For every matching signature block found in the table, a separate count is incremented for each unique video identifier associated with the matching signature block. Thus, each reference fingerprint maintains a separate count indicating the number of signature blocks of the reference fingerprint that match signature blocks of the first fingerprint of the ingest video. The counts are used to determine 1006 a matching score between the first fingerprint of the ingest video and each reference fingerprint of each video segment in the reference database 112. The matching scores are compared against a threshold value to determine 1008 all reference fingerprints having matching scores above the threshold. Reference fingerprints with matching scores above the threshold are designated as matching fingerprints. This process then repeats for each individual fingerprint of the fingerprint sequence of the ingest video.
Once all matching fingerprints are found for the fingerprints of the ingest video, matching is performed at the sequence level. In one method, the matching module 110 determines the reference video with the longest consecutive sequence of fingerprints that match the fingerprint sequence of the ingest video. Because each fingerprint corresponds to a time segment of video, this method determines a reference video that matches the ingest video over the longest consecutive time period.
Alternative sequence matching methods may also be used. In another example method, a fixed length window of time (e.g., 15 seconds) is designated for the ingest video. The fixed length window of time corresponds to a block of fingerprints in the fingerprint sequence of the ingest video. For a reference video having matching segments, time offsets are determined between each matching segment of the reference video and the corresponding segments of the ingest video. Each matching pair of segments casts a "vote" for a particular time offset. The votes are counted across all matching pairs and the reference window with the highest number of votes is designated as the best match.
The systems and methods described above enable indexing a video library using video fingerprints and matching video content based on spatial and sequential characteristics of the video. This is particularly useful, for example, in finding and removing duplicate video content and preventing sharing of copyright protected content. Moreover, the methods can be performed automatically and are therefore more efficient and cost effective than conventional techniques. The present invention has been described in particular detail with respect to a limited number of embodiments. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the invention may additionally be practiced in other embodiments. First, the particular naming of the components, capitalization of terms, the attributes, data structures, or any other programming or structural aspect is not mandatory or significant, and the mechanisms that implement the invention or its features may have different names, formats, or protocols. Furthermore, the system may be implemented via a combination of hardware and software, as described, or entirely in hardware elements. Also, the particular division of functionality between the various system components described herein is merely exemplary, and not mandatory; functions performed by a single system component may instead be performed by multiple components, and functions performed by multiple components may instead performed by a single component.
Some portions of the above description present the feature of the present invention in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on information. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. These operations, while described functionally or logically, are understood to be implemented by computer programs. Furthermore, it has also proven convenient at times, to refer to these arrangements of operations as modules or code devices, without loss of generality.
It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the present discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as "processing" or "computing" or "calculating" or "determining" or "displaying" or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
Certain aspects of the present invention include process steps and instructions described herein in the form of an algorithm. It should be noted that the process steps and instructions of the present invention could be embodied in software, firmware or hardware, and when embodied in software, could be downloaded to reside on and be operated from different platforms used by real time network operating systems.
The present invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general-purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus. Furthermore, the computers referred to in the specification may include a single processor or may be architectures employing multiple processor designs for increased computing capability.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems may also be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description above. In addition, the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming language. It is appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the present invention as described herein, and any references to specific languages are provided for disclosure of enablement and best mode of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. Accordingly, the disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention.
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text: New York Giants offensive tackle Sean Locklear suffered a knee injury in the fourth quarter of the Giants' 17-16 loss to the Washington Redskins on Monday night. The injury appeared to be serious, as Locklear had to be carted off the field. During the game the Giants released a statement classifying Locklear's injury as being a "significant knee sprain."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Brisban Wildlands is the second zone that asura or sylvari players will adventure in, coming in from Metrica Province or Caledon Forest. This zone has a level range of 15 to 25 and its geography varies from bogs to lightly wooden plains to the underground city of the skritt. Overall, there is a grand total of eight skill challenges for the players to partake of.
The skill challenges found in Brisban will vary in nature as you traverse the map. Some skill challenges require a simple communion with an object, while others require combat against one or more tough opponents. Make sure that you're an approximate level of the surrounding area if the skill challenge is a fight. Higher level players will find themselves actually breaking a sweat through Guild Wars 2's dynamic leveling system as they are lowered to an approximate level to the zone.
Skill challenge locations are marked on your map. To see where they are located, open your map by hitting the [M] key.
Indicates a skill challenge that has not been completed
Indicates a skill challenge that has been completed
Skill Challenge #1 - Skrittsburgh East End
Our first skill challenge in the Brisban Wildlands is found at Skrittsburgh East End, located in the underground city of the skritt. Getting to this skill challenge requires completing an extremely easy jumping puzzle to get up to the challenge location. Once at the location, the player will interact with a Super Shiny Thing, that will then lead to a fight. The player will face off against Schotakk the Shiny King and His Band of Brave Shiny Collectors, which means you'll face a veteran skritt and his two minions.
The fight itself is simple enough. The two minions stay at range while the Shiny King will engage you in melee. What's amusing is that he carries the Super Shiny Thing (a chest) with him during the fight.
Skill Challenge #2 - Skrittsburgh Center
The second skill challenge in the Brisban Wildlands takes place at Skrittsburgh Center. This skill challenge is simple to complete. All the player has to do is interact with the Keg of Skrittsburgh Special, which will give the player a bottle of Skrittsburgh Special in their inventory. Open your inventory and use the bottle and you'll get your super shiny skill point.
Skill Challenge #3 - Skrittsburgh
Our third skill challenge, and the third challenge found in Skrittsburgh, can be found south of Skrittsburgh Center. This skill challenge is a fight that begins after the player interacts with a skritt by the name of Inventor Shminkta. He will ask you to fight against his Pilotless Suit Thingy golem. The golem has both ranged and melee attacks. He will stay back and attack you from range if you don't advance on him. Overall, this isn't a difficult fight and is pretty straightforward.
Skill Challenge #4 - Koga Ruins
Our next skill challenge takes place in the Koga Ruins, southwest of Skrittsburgh. This skill challenge requires the player to fight an annoying ghost that is running around the ruins irritating people. To start this skill challenge, talk to Seraph Soldier Michella and then you'll have to subdue the ghostly runner, Zengrade. The ghost really does run around a lot so you'll want to use any attacks or abilities that will slow him down (chills or cripples) so you can really pound on him. Other than the running around, this fight is pretty easy.
Skill Challenge #5 - The Shattered Henge
The fifth skill challenge in the Brisban Wildlands can be found at the Shattered Henge. This skill challenge just requires the player to commune with the Henge of Denravi, which is represented by a pillar of light. To reach this skill challenge, just drop down from the vista above into the pool of water.
Skill Challenge #6 - Thaumacore Inquiry Center
The sixth skill challenge in the Brisban Wildlands is found at the Thaumacore Inquiry Center, located in the southwest corner of the zone. Just like the Shattered Henge, all the player has to do to get their skill point is do a simple communion. The object of the communion is the Thaumacore Energy Source, represented by a pillar of light.
Skill Challenge #7 - Toxal Bog
The seventh skill challenge is found in the Toxal Bog, located just southwest of the Thaumacore Inquiry Center challenge. A quick way to get to this challenge is to walk south out of the room of the sixth skill challenge and hop over the wall and drop into the bog.
This skill challenge is easy with the only hassle killing the creatures in the area around the challenge. Here the player interacts with Lady Grimassi, who will then give you some Toxal Bog Stew to eat. Hold your nose and choke down the stew and you'll be rewarded with a skill point.
Skill Challenge #8 - Hidden Lake
The last skill challenge in the Brisban Wildlands is found on an island in the Hidden Lake. This skill challenge is a fight against the Restless Arboreal Spirit. This fight is tough for several reasons. The first is that the spirit is a veteran creature with lots of hits and giving out lots of damage. The second is that the area has a number of grubs that will aggro you if you get them caught in an AoE. Lastly, the spirit uses a lot of snares to bind you in place. As always with any difficult fight, prep any useful abilities before the fight. If you have any abilities that can break immobility, this is a good fight to slot them in and use them.
With a total of eight skill challenges, the Brisban Wildlands offers up a lot of opportunity for players to pad their skill point total. The variety of challenges range from simple communion to fights to using an item gained from the challenge. Personally, the Restless Arboreal Spirit was the toughest skill challenge with the Shiny King coming in second. (I still laugh at watching him clutch his Super Shiny Thing as we fought.)


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There has been plenty of speculation about the future of David Brausch at Perkins High School.
That speculation ended Monday afternoon when Brausch told his football team he intended to resign his position as varsity coach.
"I'm resigning (today), and I'm looking for the chance to moveback to the Cincinnati-Dayton area," Brausch said. "I want to coach for sure, but it's the family and the area I miss."
He met with the players in the Perkins locker room.
"There was really no reaction (from the students)," Perkins athletic director Mike Strohl said. "Dave delivered his message, and they were dismissed. I don't think it was a real surprise, considering what they've been hearing the last couple of days."
Talk about Brausch's future intensified Friday.
"No formal evaluation has been completed, because Dave resigned his post," Strohl said. "There was no need because of his decision to resign.
"Dave and I discussed options, and Dave decided it was best for him to resign. He thought he may want to coach again, just not at Perkins. I don't think this was a very easy decision for Dave, but he thought this was best."
Brausch resigned from his supplemental contract to coach football, but will continue to serve as assistant principal at Briar Middle School. He was a school improvement specialist and math teacher for his first two years in the system.
Brausch had a 15-16 record in three years as varsity football coach, including a 3-7 mark in 2007.
Brausch replaced Rock Farlow as coach of the Pirates in 2005 after guiding the program at Lebanon High School.
Perkins went 4-6 in Brausch's first season, then 8-3 overall, including a 27-0 loss to Kettering Alter in the first round of the Division III state playoffs.
The Pirates started the 2007 season with just eight seniors on the roster and got off to a quick start with wins over Lorain Clearview and Toledo Libbey. But injuries left Perkins with only four seniors able to play in every game, and the team dropped seven straight before scoring a 38-23 win over Port Clinton in the season finale.
"We had a broad discussion about the direction of the football program, and on his own terms Dave thought it would be best to resign," Strohl said. "He was extremely professional. I can't say enough about how professional he was, considering the decision he had to make."
The search for a new football coach will begin as soon as the resignation becomes official. The job will be posted internally first.
"I think we will have a lot of interest statewide, and that refers to it being a good job based on our facilities, based on our tradition, based on the community support and the athletes in our school," Strohl said of the football position. "I haven't put a lot of thought into it, but I want to move swiftly for the kids.
"I have a commitment to the kids to provide someone who is looking to move forward and who wants to get his hands dirty in taking this program to the next level."


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They complete Ophir's PE-C line of pyroelectric pulsed laser sensors – compact devices that provide the industry's lowest measurable energy, longest measurable pulse width, and highest accuracy. The PE50-DIF-ER-C measures average power to 60W and has a wide dynamic range that extends to infrared lasers, including 2.94µm Erbium laser pulses. The PE50BB-DIF-C features a spectrally flat BB (broadband) coating, usable from far UV to far IR.
"The PE50BB-DIF-C and PE50-DIF-ER-C are the latest additions to Ophir's advanced PE-C line of pyroelectric sensors," stated Ephraim Greenfield, CTO, Ophir Photonics. "They can measure single or repetitive pulses with unprecedented flexibility of dynamic range, pulse rate, and pulse width."
The new laser energy sensors feature large, active aperture areas to 46mm and support pulse widths up to 20ms. They have a user adjustable threshold that prevents false readings in noisy environments. In addition, the sensors
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Human Services
HSP2201 Community Leadership Practicum (.5)
Mentoring, in various forms, can be a key for community building an individual success. In this half-unit course, students learn to recognize mentorship models, understand and implement the active listening process, explore and develop personal leadership skills relating to community and business, and demonstrate the ability to mentor through a practice model.
HSP2203 Communication Skills (3)
This highly participative course focuses on analyzing and applying techniques of effective communication in organizational and interpersonal situations. Includes the use of personal assessment instruments that reflects students' preferred communication styles. All class participants make formal and informal presentations and practice utilizing fundamentals in active listening, self-esteem building, and conflict negotiations.
HSP2206 Professional Writing (3)
Emphasizes collaborative learning and writing-across-the-disciplines. Writing in a variety of professional modes (directions, descriptions, process) and forms (memos, letters, reports) is practiced. Fulfills General Education Upper-Division Writing requirement.
HSP2209 Human Services (3) (CDiv)
Examines the human service industry: its evolution, role in contemporary society, anticipated future in relation to the changing society, and the restructuring of community and work organizations. Discussions of theory and practice of professional management strategies and clientele characteristics and reactions as well as future directions for human service program planning and design are presented by area speakers and analyzed by students in written and group presentation format.
HSP2212 Financial Management (3)
Introduces financial management for nonprofit organizations, focusing on the key principles and terminology needed by managers. Emphasizes financial accounting, budgeting, financial reports, and reporting cycles. Course work includes case studies and a final project analyzing the fiscal status of a nonprofit agency or organization.
HSP2218 Social Research Methods (3)
Introduces the major techniques of social research to demystify the research process and increase competence in a student's ability to investigate ideas, concepts, and statistical data or literature. Proficiency is measured by performance in individual and collaborative group projects, individual written assignments, and a final research presentation.
HSP2221 Human Services Senior Seminar (3)
Prerequisite: Completion of core requirements and senior class standing
This capstone course utilizes all key Human Services theories, concepts, and methods acquired through the course work. Successful demonstrations of competencies are exhibited in case studies, analysis, group discussion, individual presentations, and community project work.
HSP2224 Professional Development (0.5)
Provides accelerated students with an interactive seminar exploring career management techniques, including self-assessment, researching the world of work, decision-making and goal-setting, and job search strategies. Students develop an individualized career management plan.
HSP2227 Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations (3)
Prerequisite: HSP2209 or permission of Program Director.
Presents the principles of marketing, marketing strategy, and the marketing mix (product, place, price, and promotion) as applicable in a nonprofit setting.
HSP2230 Personal Financial Planning (3)
Prerequisites: BUS1224 and BUS2224
Gives an overview of the fundamental concepts and practices of financial management and planning for the individual. Specific topics include: budgeting, goal setting with controls, asset management, tax planning, and portfolios.
HSP2233 Grant Writing (3)
This course examines the basic concepts and skills for identifying funding sources and writing convincing grants and business proposals. Proposal writers can bring their project ideas and draft proposals to class for small-group evaluations and technical assistance. Ongoing grant writing support will be available during the semester. Fulfills the General Education Upper-Division Writing requirement.
HSP2236 Creativity and Work (3)
This course examines how we can stir creativity and imagination while working in business, nonprofits, government, or in entrepreneurial endeavors and how we use our work and the relationships that we develop through it as a means to interact with the world.
HSP2239 Human Relations in Organizations (3)
Studies formal and informal organizations in terms of individual, group, and organizational perspectives with a focus on leadership, motivation, and general management concepts. Discussions and group practice sessions are alternated with individual projects and examinations to assess student proficiency and skill building.
HSP2242 Human Services Counseling Skills (3)
Reviews fundamental skills in counseling. Special emphasis is on the development of effective counselor competencies in helping relationships found primarily in human services organizations.
HSP2248 Managing Cultural Diversity (CDiv) (3)
Theoretical and practical approaches to the complexities of issues of diversity will be examined by reviewing typical values, habits, interactions, and concerns of different cultural groups in the workplace. Students will identify and practice strategies to overcome barriers and conflict in the workplace.
HSP2251 Managing Employee Assistance Programs (3)
Surveys all aspects of managing EAPs as they relate to employers, unions, human resources, and the workplace. Special attention is given to administration and implementation of strategies for special work groups.
HSP2254 Stress in the Workplace (3)
Provides a theoretical and interactive analysis of the physiological, psychological, and emotional effects of stress. Examines cognitive and behavioral coping strategies that will be used to create a personal wellness plan for each student. Particular emphasis will be on early detection of organizational factors that create effects of personal and professional burnout.
HSP2257 Women's Health Issues (3)
This course provides both a theoretical and interactive analysis of the various issues surrounding women and specifically women's health. Topics include societal influences on women's socialization/role identification and development. Contributing factors examined relative to women's health include psychosocial, psychological, spiritual, emotional, legal, and physiological.
HSP2260 Introduction to Gerontology (3)
Gerontology is a fast-growing field with demographic analyses predicting a doubling of the population who are over the age of 65 in the next decade. This trend will occur across diverse populations, creating opportunities for students to address unique and important community needs. This course covers important topics for all students who are in or entering the helping professions and will include an overview of issues and trends, the importance of policy and legal issues, emerging ethical concerns, and emerging issues, including changing family roles, death, and dying.
HSP2263 Development Across the Lifespan (3)
Issues of gerontology involve the entire family, and an understanding about how to support those who are aging includes a foundation in issues of mental health from the beginning of life until the end. This course addresses the evolution of family roles throughout a lifetime, including connections and relationships. It also addresses the psychology of mental health and aging with an emphasis on the special issues that emerge in counseling. This element of the course is grounded in an understanding of the biology of aging, including diabetes, obesity, hearing and vision loss, and physical health, and how those affect counseling geared toward the individual and the family.
HSP2283 Gerontology Practicum (3)
A gerontology concentration is not complete without practical experience that puts classroom learning into practical use. This course is designed as an internship with an organization that provides direct services in this field; that service opportunity is briefly prefaced with course work designed to prepare students for this practical application of service.
HSP2286 Special Topics (0.5 – 3)
Workshops offered periodically on contemporary issues of special interest to Health and Human Services professionals.
HSP2290 Internship (3)
Human Services students will participate in supervised internships in service organizations to enhance individual career skill set and portfolio. The internship will be in a Human Services agency over a semester with designated mandatory class meetings.
HSP2994 Teaching Assistant (0-4)
This is an opportunity for an advanced student to earn credit by special arrangement with the Human Services Department Chair. The required work will vary and may include conducting student surveys, tutoring research students, or creating reports for Human Services professors.
HSP2999 Independent Study in Human Services (1-3)
Provides an opportunity for independent study or research in Human Services under the direction of the instructor and Department Chair. See Undergraduate Policies and Procedures section on Independent Study.


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Mary Kaplan, 74, has ran 5ks in all fifty states. She started running when she was forty-three. She completed all fifty states back in 2008. And now her new challenge is running in all of the 5ks that the Texas counties have to offer. She has ran in one hundred and sixty-eight counties already out of two hundred and fifty-four. Her next county will be Tyler. Mary also has a quilt made out of her t-shirts she's received at all the races. But the shirts can only go on the quilt if she won first place in her age. So Mary does have fifty t-shirts from all fifty states.
Copyright 2015 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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Show of Pride as festival returns for its tenth year
Posted: July 26, 2013|
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE Pride is returning to the city for its tenth year this weekend, to celebrate people of all sexual orientations.
The annual festival was set up a decade ago as a place where people of all ages, backgrounds and sexuality could gather without fear of prejudice or discrimination.
Last year it was estimated that between 15,000 and 20,000 people attended the Nottinghamshire Pride festival, held over two days at the Forest Recreation Ground.
The event, organised by LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender), is being sponsored by energy company E-on this year.
Related content
Among its supporters are Unite the Union and Nottingham City Council.
The festival takes place on Saturday at its usual home, the Arboretum on Waverley Street, from noon until 6pm.
Entertainment will include live music, performances, stalls and a youth zone, sponsored by the Co-operative.
As a part of LGBT's commitment to make Pride accessible to everyone, the entry fee has changed from £1 to a donation basis this year, with festival-goers asked to give something towards the cost of the event instead.
It is estimated to cost more than £50,000 a year.
Rosey Cox, from the Nottingham City Council LGBT Network, said: "I'm looking forward to Pride a lot – it's a bit of a highlight of the year for me.
"It's basically a place where people come together and I think it should be even better this year with the Government passing the equal marriage legislation recently."
The festival is starting with a Pride Parade at 11am outside the Council House in Old Market Square, and will make its way up Mansfield Road before entering the Arboretum at midday.
It is expected that there will be around 150 people marching with rainbow flags, banners and costumes at the parade.
Find out more at www.nottinghamshirepride.co.uk.


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Hang tight!
Recipe by ScandoGirl
"Heart-shaped waffles are a traditional treat throughout Scandinavia, made crisp in Sweden and soft-textured in Norway. Topped with jam or berries and whipped cream, or wafer-thin slices of gjeitost (Norwegian brown goat cheese), they're a favorite with coffee or as a snack. This recipe is my adaptation of Norwegian-style waffles served by my friends Megan and Sverre in Trondheim, Norway."
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eggs, separated
1/4 cup
white sugar
1 teaspoon
vanilla sugar
1/4 cup
3 tablespoons
butter, melted
1 cup
1 1/2 cups
all-purpose flour
1/4 teaspoon
ground cardamom
1 pinch
This recipe turned out delicious! I am not one for thick belgian waffles, and these thinner Scandinavian waffles are a better, healthier alternative. I did not have any vanilla sugar, so I simply substituted vanilla extract. Definitely keeping this one in mind for future breakfasts!
Great Norwegian wafler recipe! Will make again!
10 Ratings
Worked excellent on our George Foreman grille (with waffle attachments). I used the vanilla extract as I had no vanilla sugar. Also added 1 tablespoon of lemon juice to 2% milk to make buttermilk. If I can pull this off anybody can, I am the furthest thing from a master in the kitchen.
This is a great recipe. The added steps of beating the yolks and whites separately results in supremely fluffy waffles. Totally worth the effort!
These waffles were incredible! Easily the best homemade waffles I have ever had. They're very light and fluffy and the little bit of spice makes them heavenly and unique. The only thing I changed was using vanilla extract instead of vanilla sugar because it was all I had and it seemed to work perfectly.
Made exactly according to recipe and offered our guests the traditional maple syrup, whipped cream (here in Finland it is traditional, go figure), or Citrus Wild Blueberry Sauce from this site as toppings. This was our brunch last Sunday and we gobbled these babies up. Wonderful. Fluffy while thin, the cardamom becomes a slight hint of flavor after a few bites (with that I mean that it is not overwhelming as it can get in some Northern desserts like bullar) and just great. I would only like to mention that I had to double this recipe to feed four people. one child had two of these, and the three adults had three whole waffles each -that is 12 hearts per person,the whole thing as it comes off the iron- because well, yes, they are as thin as thick pancakes. For those wondering how to measure 1/3 cup into your iron: a regular soup ladle full is just about the right size :) Thank you for the recipe, we all loved it.
These waffles tasted delicious! I followed recipe exactly, except vanilla extract instead of vanilla sugar, and used an All-Clad brand waffle maker on setting 3. They were perfect!
Super delicious and yummy!!!!!!! Been looking for a waffle recipe for a while now. It is now my go to waffle recipe. Instead of buttermilk I used 2% milk, and also used vanilla extract in place of vanilla sugar; because I didn't have either of these in my kitchen. It still turned out very nice! Thank you ScandoGirl!
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Scandinavian Sweetheart Waffles
Serving Size: 1/5 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 5
Amount Per Serving
** Calories: 288
** Calories from Fat: 87
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Our German Deli serves Fresh Sandwiches..
Our German Deli makes some of the best sandwiches in town. With our great selection of meats and cheeses, served on Fresh baked Bread from our own German Bakery, you'll love our selection.
Try our German Restaurant..
If you're thinking about using our expert catering staff, visit our German Restaurant of the most Authentic German Restaurant in Orange County, and get a flavor for real German food.
Oldworld German Deli has been making some of the finest sausages in Orange County for more than 34 years. They are available online, or you can come in and take some home. Read our German Sausage Guide & be ready for the BBQ
Our German Deli has a great selection of traditional German meats and cheeses, as well german potato salad, coleslaw, sauerkraut and other sought after german deli items. You're sure to find something you love.
If you're looking for those great European treats, desserts, and other food items you loved back home, or maybe fell in love with these items while in Europe, come check our selection or goline and see what we have to offer
- Dine in or Take out
- Lunch Special Hours
- Monday-Friday 11am-5pm
- Phone: 714.897.1470
- #1 - Swiss Cheese Sandwich$5.95
- Your choice of cheese served on Kommis Bread
- #2 - Italian Salami$6.95
- Italian Salami and Ripe Tomato that's thinly sliced on toasted Kommis Bread with a squeeze of Fresh Lemon.
- #3 - German Ham(Black Forest or Cooked)$6.95
- Thinly sliced ham served on your choice of Kommis Bread
- #4 - Austrian Bologna$5.50
- Bologna served with spicy mustard
- #5 - Norwegian Tuna$5.50
- Solid White Albacore Tuna Salad with Mayo, with Lettuce, Red Onion, Tomato, Pickles and a Spicy Brown Mustard.
- Soups Made Fresh Daily$2.50
- Ask us about our daily soups
- Served with soup$5.95
- Served until 5pm Daily
- Euro Market Open Daily
- 8:30am–7pm • Fridays till 9pm
- Lunch Special Hours:
- Monday-Friday 11am-5pm
- Dine in or Take out • ph: 714.897.1470
Sandwich Menu Served Daily
Euro Deli Sandwiches
All sandwiches are served w/mayo, mustard, lettuce and tomato on fresh baked Kommis Bread
- Served with soup$5.95
- Served until 5pm Daily
- Served with soup$6.50
- w/ out soup$5.95
- #1-Polish Sausage$6.50
- Served with German Potato Salad or Sauerkraut.
- #2-Kassler Rippchen
- (Smoked Pork Chop)$7.25
- Served with German Potato Salad or Sauerkraut
- #3-2-German Wieners
- Served on a Roll$4.50
- $1.25
- Make it a Combo
- Add Soup or Salad with your sandwich
- Salads$2.50
- Cucumber, Potato or Fleisch Salad
- Side Dishes$2.50
- Saurkraut or Red Cabbage
- Soups Made Fresh Daily$2.50
- Ask us about our daily soups
- Add to any sandwich for an extra charge
- Pickles 25¢
- Extra Meat$1.00
- Extra Cheese$0.75
Special Soup & Sandwich
Regular Soup & Sandwich
Euro Deli Hot Dishes
- (Put directly on the grill, or in a frying pan and brown)
- Nuernberger Cooked Bratwurst$6.75lb
- Made with selected cuts of fine and coarse pork and veal they are seasoned with salt, natural spices and herbs. Contains no nitrite
- Bockwurst$6.25lb
- Made with finely chopped pork and veal, seasoned with salt, spices, milk, parsley. It has a very mild flavor and is usually cooked by simmering although it may also be grilled. Contains no nitrite.
- Smoked Bratwurst$5.50lb
- Coarsely ground pork, seasoned with salt and spices, then slowly smoked to perfection
- Frankfurters$5.50lb
- Also known as wienerwurst, a long, thin sausage that is flavorful pork and beef finely chopped with salt and spices. They acquire their special taste through naturally smoking the pork.
- Hungarian Sausage$6.95lb
- Made with coarsely ground pork seasoned with paprika, garlic and smoked, it is hung overnight to allow the flavors to meld.
- Knackwurst$7.50lb
- Our Knackwurst, or Knockwurst sausages, are made with pork and beef, finely chopped with salt and spices, naturally smoked and cooked.
Full Cooked Sausages
- Polish Sausage$5.95lb
- Sausage is a staple of Polish cuisine. You'll love how we make ours. Made with pork and beef, it's coarsely ground and seasoned with herbs and garlic.
- Ring Bologna$7.75lb
- Similar to knackwurst but made into a ring, pork and beef, finely chopped with salt and spices, naturally smoked and cooked.
- (Pre-simmer before putting on grill, or grill over a very low heat)
- Bratwurst$6.75lb
- Coarse ground pork seasoned with herbs and spices
- Hungarian$6.75lb
- Coarse ground pork seasoned with paprika and fresh garlic
- Kielbasa$6.75lb
- Coarse ground pork seasoned with spices, herbs and fresh garlic
- Italian Sausage$6.75lb
- Coarse ground pork seasoned with spices and fennel, providing that unique Italian sausage flavor. Perfect for grilling.
- Euro Market Open Daily
- Mon-Thur:8:30am–7:00pm
- Fridays:till 9pm
- Phone:714.897.1470
Raw Sausages
Some Bratwurst Facts...
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Deskera eClaims - Claims Management System
Web based claims management system with eClaims dashboard, Trip Application Management, Claim Management, Claims reports and many more.
Deskera eClaims management offers you automated processes for claim management which reduces your effort for claims processing and provides you paperless environment for managing employee claims. It provides you fully integrated workflow distribution for efficient claim tracking, processing and document management. Deskera eClaims management system empowers your organization for effective management of employee claims by recording, monitoring, tracking and evaluating employee claims.
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Customize and Manage all Claim associated features for your organization.
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Employee Self Service
Enable employees to submit e-claims, track their approval status and more.
Manager Self Service
Organize, Monitor and Evaluate Claims quickly and efficiently through Manager self service.


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Video:Common Mistakes to Avoid in Professional E-mailswith Nick Jaynes
There are some common mistakes to avoid in professional e-mails. Here, learn what they are and how to avoid them.See Transcript
Transcript:Common Mistakes to Avoid in Professional E-mailsHi I'm Nick Jaynes for About.Com and this is Common Mistakes to Avoid in Professional Emails. I'll be using information found on About.Com's career planning website.
Information About Professional E-mailsIn the professional world, email is one of the main forms of communication, and having strong email etiquette is very important. While it may be easy to think that you are a master at sending emails here are some common mistakes that you should avoid when sending professional emails.
What Mistakes to Avoid in Professional E-mailsThe first rule is very easy. Make sure that your email contains no misspellings or grammatical errors. Make sure to fully proofread before you hit the send button. Also make sure to utilize the spellcheck built into your email. Most email programs come with spellcheck now to make life much easier. Spelling mistakes and errors can occur but you have the power to change them before you send that email out. Professionals you are writing too may look down on you if they see any mistakes in the email. It might show that you rushed while typing, and didn't take the proper time to pay attention to them.
Additional Mistakes to Avoid in Professional E-mailsThe next rule to follow is to make sure the tone of your email is the tone you want to set. Setting tone in an email is difficult and most people don't know how to do it properly. You want to avoid sending an email and just asking for what you need immediately. Make sure to send the person a short greeting so the email has a warmer tone to it. Also never use CAPS in an email. It tells the recipient that you are yelling. Also, try to not use slang and never abbreviate in emails. Above all never use any type of offensive language at all. Even though your friends may like it, your co workers will not appreciate it at all. One of the biggest mistakes people make is writing too long of emails. Your supervisors don't have much time to read long emails. Make sure to get to the point and be concise. Ask only the questions you need an answer to without writing them a novel.
Another easy mistake people make is naming their email something provactive or using a nickname. Professionals who don't know you may not find your name funny and may stray away from doing business with you. The easiest thing to do is use a variation of your name. For example if your name is John Smith, use Jsmith or email@example.com. Lastly remember to be polite. It is one of the easiest mistakes to avoid since you should practice it on a daily basis anyway. Remember to use please and thank you whenever you can. If you avoid making these mistakes your email etiquette will be second to none.
Thanks for watching if you'd like to learn more please visit us on the web at About.com
About videos are made available on an "as is" basis, subject to the User Agreement.


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By MJ Kneiser, WLHR Radio, Lavonia
A Hart County man had his first court appearance yesterday afternoon, facing multiple charges in connection with a shooting while allegedly hunting deer illegally.
It happened Thursday evening on some property off Elrod Ferry Road near U.S. 29 North/Anderson Highway.
Hart County Sheriff Mike Cleveland said the victim, identified as Brenn Stone, was shot while hunting on his property.
"Stone was taken to AnMed Medical Center in Anderson where he underwent four hours of surgery," Cleveland said. "The man who shot him left, knowing he had shot Stone. Had he (Stone) not had his cell phone, he would have bled to death right there in the bottom of the field. The bullet went through his arm and into his abdomen where it did a lot of damage."
Meantime, Cleveland called in assistance from DNR law enforcement, agents with the GBI and the Georgia State Patrol who used helicopters along with a tracking dog to locate the suspect.
That suspect, Cleveland said, was found later hiding out in the Reed Creek community.
"We went looking for him after we took the warrants for him. We knew who we were looking for," he said. "He was found in the upper part of the Reed Creek Community waiting on a ride to take him out of the county. We got him, we got the rifle used in the shooting and other evidence. It's just a real good case."
Arrested Friday afternoon was 28-year old Henry Harris, of a Bowman, GA address.
Authorities allege Harris was hunting illegally when he shot Stone and then fled the scene.
Cleveland said Harris faces a litany of charges.
He's charged with everything from felony assault, failing to render aid, hunting without a license, hunting without a vest, to reckless discharge of a firearm," he said.
Harris has refused to talk with investigators about the incident.


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Buy Travertine Tile at Up to 50% Off Retail
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Home for the Holidays
17 comments:
Your parents home is absolutely beautiful! Thanks for sharing it with us and I love their pooch too!!ReplyDelete
Your parents home looks wonderful and decorative for the holidays! How about that cute GRINCH?ReplyDelete
What a gorgeous home! Obviously great style and talent runs in the family! :-)ReplyDelete
Beautiful home with so many touches of Christmas cheer. The wreath over the mirror is stunning. Thanks for posting. ~CJReplyDelete
Such beautiful Christmas decor. Gorgeous. Thanks for joining TTT. Hugs, MartyReplyDelete
Your parents home is gorgeous too! That first picture: I adore the mirror, I love anything from the orient! Beautiful decorations too. XO, PinkyReplyDelete
I can certainly tell where the Dixie Belles get their style:) beautiful home, D & C.ReplyDelete
Lovely post!ReplyDelete
Happy and Healthy New Year,
Linda at Beautiful Ideas
Your parents home is wonderful. Thanks for the tour.ReplyDelete
How gorgeous! I really enjoyed seeing your parents' beautifully decorated home -- so many fabulous ideas! I really love the vignette on the silver tray with the bowl of ornaments and Father Christmas. Thanks for sharing!ReplyDelete
Lovely home, gorgeous mantle and cute dog! -- JoannReplyDelete
Wow everything is gorgeous!ReplyDelete
Tablescape Thursday
Love the pinecones on the ribbon through the chairs!! great great idea.. Your parent's home is fabulous.. Wishing you warmth, good cheer and many, many blessings in the new year.ReplyDelete
Your parents home is lovely. And I loved the little touches of Christmas everywhere! The apple doesn't fall far from the tree! :) Thanks for sharing.ReplyDelete
Carmen Skyles
Your parents home is lovely. And I loved the little touches of Christmas everywhere! The apple doesn't fall far from the tree! :) Thanks for sharing.ReplyDelete
Carmen Skyles
So lovely~what a warm and welcoming home! Thanks for sharing it at Feathered Nest Friday this week! Happy New Year! :)ReplyDelete
Your parents' home is beautiful and I can see where you get some of your design style! I think I may use the pinecone on the chair idea next year - so simple and elegant! I love all the holiday touches and the dog is adorable too! I can't believe I now notice everyone's dogs since we are getting one!ReplyDelete


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Home › Academics › Course Catalog › Susquehanna University Bulletin › Courses of Study › Political Science › Political Science and Related Courses › Political Science Seminars, Independent Studies and Internships
In this section
POLI:202 Topics in Government and Politics.
POLI:205 Research Process and Data Analysis.
POLI:503 Independent Research.
Catalog Links


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MQ's Style File
Express-News writer Michael Quintanilla's take on fashion.
Monthly Archive for February, 2013
Michelle Obama wows in glitter gown
Sunday night's Oscars proved to be a wild ride of surprises: Steven Spielberg was locked out by Ang Lee, Jennifer Lawrence took a little stumble in her Dior haute couture gown (my favorite look for the night) and Ben Affleck was victorious with a Best Picture nod as a producer of the highly-acclaimed "Argo." And […] [Read More]
Betsey Johnson's famous cartwheel
The recent Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week shows in New York that highlighted next fall and winter's fashions also showcased the most outrageously fun show I attended: Betsey Johnson's. Admittedly, I'm very fond of Betsey and her carefree spirited approach to design and life. What's not to like about the 70-year-old fashion legend with the colorful hair, […] [Read More]
S.A.'s Mandi Gallegos to show in New York
San Antonio designer Mandi Gallegos and her Mikailee Alton label named for her two sons and two nieces will present a collection Wednesday as part of Nolcha Fashion Week's two-day event at the Chelsea Piers on the city's west side. Now in its fifth year, Nolcha was created to help launch the careers of independent […] [Read More]
Styling with sketches: designers give us a sneak peek
American designers kick off the fall 2013 Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week collections Thursday with more than 80 runway shows under the Lincoln Center tents and dozens more across Manhattan. What trends, colors, silhouettes — and more notably, fresh ideas — will surface next season? I checked in with 30 designers who offered a sneak peek via fashion illustrations of their coming fall looks. [Read More]
S.A.'s designing woman to debut at New York Fashion Week
San Antonio's Samantha Plasencia, 26, will make her New York Fashion Week debut Friday at the Plitzs New York City Fashion Week, an off shoot of the more form fashion week at Lincoln Center. Plasencia, a fashion graduate from the University of the Incarnate Word will present her collection Friday at midtown Manhattan's W Hotel. […] [Read More]


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News, trends and ideas we're tracking today.
Posts filtered on Tag
Two women held in stun gun robbery on Fourth of July
Two Houston woman are in custody, accused of robbing a man with a stun gun after he stopped to give them a ride on a Gulf Freeway service road Wednesday, police said. Samantha Ann Montelongo, 29, and Mary Ann Wyatt, 33, are charged with aggravated robbery with a deadly weapon, court records show. They were […] [Read More]
Teen's baggy shirt spares him Taser pain
A teenage robbery suspect may not have avoided an arrest Wednesday, but his choice of wardrobe — a baggy shirt — helped him avoid a hit from a Taser, according to a report from KHOU. A neighbor reported that two 14-year-old boys were breaking into homes in Eagle Landing neighborhood located near York Creek at […] [Read More]
Burglar terrorizes couple with knife, stun gun
An elderly couple was robbed by a man wielding a butcher knife and a stun gun, according to a KPRC story. James Harrison, 84, told the television station that he found a man inside his northwest Harris County home about 9:30 p.m. on March 14. When the intruder threatened them, the couple gave him their money, […] [Read More]
Texas City traffic stop nets three on drug arrests
Three people are facing drug charges stemming from a routine traffic stop over the weekend in Texas City, The Galveston County Daily News reported. Earnest Wayne Triplett, 35, Olympia Delena Thomas, 31, and Krista Ryan McCartney, 24, were charged with cocaine possession, stemming from an 11:45 a.m. Sunday traffic stop in the 2000 block of […] [Read More]
KHOU: Harris Co. to pay mother $3M in death of son
Harris County will pay $3 million to a woman whose schizophrenic son died while he was in the custody of deputies. [Read More]


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routes du bonheur Suggestions for itineraries to discover the world
Search directory > Brazil > hotel Itacaré
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Txai Resort Itacaré
Hotel and restaurant on the seafront
At the edge of the Atlantic Forest, Itacarezinho beach stretches out as far as the eye can see. Coconut palms, white sand, warm crystalline blue ocean the year round – and some bungalows nestling in the shade of the trees in this idyllic setting. Built mainly from wood and natural materials, they sit on stilts either at the waterside or perched on the slopes of the hill and enjoy superb views of the beach. Shamash Spa, also built on the slopes with sweeping views over the ocean, offers a range of beauty rituals using natural Bahia products. No less impressive are its culinary delights, with fresh, healthy, fragrant cuisine – a blend of Brazilian and European influences. ...Read more
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(3.0L 6-cyl. AWD 6-speed Manual)
I've had a 3 series now for seven years. Car rides like a dream. I even took out GEICO breakdown insurance which I never got to use.
If you buy wisely and don't get unnecessary options it's a bargain too. I can't speak to the repair complaints since I've not had any. If there's one complaint is that the maintenance charges are too high, but isn't that an issue with the industry in general.
My advice is buy a 3 series, skip the options and drive it as long as you can.
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Eating Out
Santa Barbara on a budget
Visiting SB for the 20th time, and know the food scene fairly well, but wondered what's new in the last 2-3 years that is reasonably priced, fresh and awesome. Super-rica is a tradition, and plan to hit Lilly's Tacos and Handlebar Coffee. Any other hot spots?!
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
Check out this post for a more thorough explanation, and jump onto our Facebook page or our Twitter feed to keep the conversations going!


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They could always be this donkey:
Flygap - That story just warms my heart. I can tell they truely love their horse. It makes me think of how spoiled most people are in places like America. A lot of people say they love their horses but all they do is ride them. And if the horse died they would just want to get another one. They don't know what the horses eat and don't clean out their stalls or groom them. They definitely would not hand pick grass and carry it for a few miles on their back.


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The company has also added a PayPal option to Elite's Kickstarter page.
As for the trailer, it's an atmospheric in-engine look at Elite's profession possibilities. The clip plays up the opportunity to be a trader, bounty hunter, pirate, or explorer over the course of its brief running time. View it after the cut.


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Rihanna: May 2012 Video
Tom Munro captures Rihanna's cover shoot as an evocative short film
15 Celebrities Dressed Completely Inappropriately for the Weather
Let's play guess how hot (or cold!) it is!
Jeb Bush Questions Government Funding for 'Women's Health Issues'
But then he took it back.
Corey Stoll: Shaving My Head Was a Game Changer
The 'House of Cards' alum on virginity, Woody, and "topping out" at 317 pounds.
Miss Piggy and Kermit the Frog Have Decided to See "Other People, Pigs, Frogs, Et Al"
The greatest amphibious-mammalian relationship of our time is officially over.
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CAMP Jasper CR4 Harness�59.99, added Oct/2012, see all C.A.M.P news & reviews
announcement by C.A.M.P
This announcement has been read 2,751 times
The Jasper CR4 is an upgrade of the classic Quartz CR and has a focus towards multi-pitch rock, mountaineering and ice climbing.
- 'Edge-Load' construction coupled with 6mm EVA foam padding offers greater comfort over time.
- Auto locking buckles on waist and leg loops � 2 buckles on the waist for fast and easy adjustment.
- Extra beefy 25mm belay loop with 'No Twist' feature � holds the belay biner securely in place to eliminate the potential for dangerous cross loading.
- 4 reinforced gear loops, the front 2 are shaped for ease of racking.
- 2 hypalon loops for Hub ice screw rack (sold separately).
- Rear haul loop.
- 2 sizes � XS/Medium and Large/XL (62cm � 106cm).
- Weight: 515g
For more information visit Allcord Ltd
Gear Forum ( Read more | 1 comments, 22 Oct 2012 )
This announcement has been read 2,751 times
Return to Latest Industry News & Reviews or list other Harnesses gear
Gear News and Outdoor Industry News at UKC and UKH presents climbing, walking and mountaineering equipment and stories that will be of interest to UKClimbing.com's readers. They are not gear reviews and are provided by companies that advertise with UKClimbing Limited. Please feel free to comment about the stories and products on the associated thread.