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dos2unix - DOS/Mac to Unix and vice versa text file format converter
dos2unix [options] [FILE ...] [-n INFILE OUTFILE ...]
unix2dos [options] [FILE ...] [-n INFILE OUTFILE ...]
The Dos2unix package includes utilities
dos2unix and
unix2dos to convert plain text files in DOS or Mac format to Unix format and vice versa.
In DOS/Windows text files a line break, also known as newline, is a combination of two characters: a Carriage Return (CR) followed by a Line Feed (LF). In Unix text files a line break is a single character: the Line Feed (LF). In Mac text files, prior to Mac OS X, a line break was single Carriage Return (CR) character. Nowadays Mac OS uses Unix style (LF) line breaks.
Besides line breaks Dos2unix can also convert the encoding of files. A few DOS code pages can be converted to Unix Latin-1. And Windows Unicode (UTF-16) files can be converted to Unix Unicode (UTF-8) files.
Binary files are automatically skipped, unless conversion is forced.
Non-regular files, such as directories and FIFOs, are automatically skipped.
Symbolic links and their targets are by default kept untouched. Symbolic links can optionally be replaced, or the output can be written to the symbolic link target. Writing to a symbolic link target is not supported on Windows.
Dos2unix was modelled after dos2unix under SunOS/Solaris. There is one important difference with the original SunOS/Solaris version. This version does by default in-place conversion (old file mode), while the original SunOS/Solaris version only supports paired conversion (new file mode). See also options
-o and
Treat all following options as file names. Use this option if you want to convert files whose names start with a dash. For instance to convert a file named "-foo", you can use this command:
dos2unix -- -foo
Or in new file mode:
dos2unix -n -- -foo out.txt
Convert only line breaks. This is the default conversion mode.
Conversion between DOS and ISO-8859-1 character set. See also section CONVERSION MODES.
Use Windows code page 1252 (Western European).
Use DOS code page 437 (US). This is the default code page used for ISO conversion.
Use DOS code page 850 (Western European).
Use DOS code page 860 (Portuguese).
Use DOS code page 863 (French Canadian).
Use DOS code page 865 (Nordic).
Convert 8 bit characters to 7 bit space.
Keep Byte Order Mark (BOM). When the input file has a BOM, write a BOM in the output file. This is the default behavior when converting to DOS line breaks. See also option
Set conversion mode. Where CONVMODE is one of: ascii, 7bit, iso, mac with ascii being the default.
Force conversion of binary files.
On Windows UTF-16 files are by default converted to UTF-8, regardless of the locale setting. Use this option to convert UTF-16 files to GB18030. This option is only available on Windows. See also section GB18030.
Display help and exit.
Display file information. No conversion is done.
The following information is printed, in this order: number of DOS line breaks, number of Unix line breaks, number of Mac line breaks, byte order mark, text or binary, file name.
Example output:
6 0 0 no_bom text dos.txt
0 6 0 no_bom text unix.txt
0 0 6 no_bom text mac.txt
6 6 6 no_bom text mixed.txt
50 0 0 UTF-16LE text utf16le.txt
0 50 0 no_bom text utf8unix.txt
50 0 0 UTF-8 text utf8dos.txt
2 418 219 no_bom binary dos2unix.exe
Optionally extra flags can be set to change the output. One or more flags can be added.
Print number of DOS line breaks.
Print number of Unix line breaks.
Print number of Mac line breaks.
Print the byte order mark.
Print if file is text or binary.
Print only the files that would be converted.
With the
c flag dos2unix will print only the files that contain DOS line breaks, unix2dos will print only file names that have Unix line breaks.
Show information for all *.txt files:
dos2unix -i *.txt
Show only the number of DOS line breaks and Unix line breaks:
dos2unix -idu *.txt
Show only the byte order mark:
dos2unix --info=b *.txt
List the files that have DOS line breaks:
dos2unix -ic *.txt
List the files that have Unix line breaks:
unix2dos -ic *.txt
Keep the date stamp of output file same as input file.
Display program's license.
Add additional newline.
dos2unix: Only DOS line breaks are changed to two Unix line breaks. In Mac mode only Mac line breaks are changed to two Unix line breaks.
unix2dos: Only Unix line breaks are changed to two DOS line breaks. In Mac mode Unix line breaks are changed to two Mac line breaks.
Write a Byte Order Mark (BOM) in the output file. By default an UTF-8 BOM is written.
When the input file is UTF-16, and the option
-u is used, an UTF-16 BOM will be written.
Never use this option when the output encoding is other than UTF-8, UTF-16, or GB18030. See also section UNICODE.
New file mode. Convert file INFILE and write output to file OUTFILE. File names must be given in pairs and wildcard names should not be used or you will lose your files.
The person who starts the conversion in new file (paired) mode will be the owner of the converted file. The read/write permissions of the new file will be the permissions of the original file minus the umask(1) of the person who runs the conversion.
Old file mode. Convert file FILE and overwrite output to it. The program defaults to run in this mode. Wildcard names may be used.
In old file (in-place) mode the converted file gets the same owner, group, and read/write permissions as the original file. Also when the file is converted by another user who has write permissions on the file (e.g. user root). The conversion will be aborted when it is not possible to preserve the original values. Change of owner could mean that the original owner is not able to read the file any more. Change of group could be a security risk, the file could be made readable for persons for whom it is not intended. Preservation of owner, group, and read/write permissions is only supported on Unix.
Quiet mode. Suppress all warnings and messages. The return value is zero. Except when wrong command-line options are used.
Remove Byte Order Mark (BOM). Do not write a BOM in the output file. This is the default behavior when converting to Unix line breaks. See also option
Skip binary files (default).
Keep the original UTF-16 encoding of the input file. The output file will be written in the same UTF-16 encoding, little or big endian, as the input file. This prevents transformation to UTF-8. An UTF-16 BOM will be written accordingly. This option can be disabled with the
-ascii option.
Assume that the input file format is UTF-16LE.
When there is a Byte Order Mark in the input file the BOM has priority over this option.
When you made a wrong assumption (the input file was not in UTF-16LE format) and the conversion succeeded, you will get an UTF-8 output file with wrong text. You can undo the wrong conversion with iconv(1) by converting the UTF-8 output file back to UTF-16LE. This will bring back the original file.
The assumption of UTF-16LE works as a conversion mode. By switching to the default ascii mode the UTF-16LE assumption is turned off.
Assume that the input file format is UTF-16BE.
This option works the same as option
Display verbose messages. Extra information is displayed about Byte Order Marks and the amount of converted line breaks.
Follow symbolic links and convert the targets.
Replace symbolic links with converted files (original target files remain unchanged).
Keep symbolic links and targets unchanged (default).
Display version information and exit.
In normal mode line breaks are converted from DOS to Unix and vice versa. Mac line breaks are not converted.
In Mac mode line breaks are converted from Mac to Unix and vice versa. DOS line breaks are not changed.
To run in Mac mode use the command-line option
-c mac or use the commands
mac2unix or
In mode
ascii only line breaks are converted. This is the default conversion mode.
Although the name of this mode is ASCII, which is a 7 bit standard, the actual mode is 8 bit. Use always this mode when converting Unicode UTF-8 files.
In this mode all 8 bit non-ASCII characters (with values from 128 to 255) are converted to a 7 bit space.
Characters are converted between a DOS character set (code page) and ISO character set ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) on Unix. DOS characters without ISO-8859-1 equivalent, for which conversion is not possible, are converted to a dot. The same counts for ISO-8859-1 characters without DOS counterpart.
When only option
-iso is used dos2unix will try to determine the active code page. When this is not possible dos2unix will use default code page CP437, which is mainly used in the USA. To force a specific code page use options
-850 (Western European),
-860 (Portuguese),
-863 (French Canadian), or
-865 (Nordic). Windows code page CP1252 (Western European) is also supported with option
-1252. For other code pages use dos2unix in combination with iconv(1). Iconv can convert between a long list of character encodings.
Never use ISO conversion on Unicode text files. It will corrupt UTF-8 encoded files.
Some examples:
Convert from DOS default code page to Unix Latin-1:
dos2unix -iso -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from DOS CP850 to Unix Latin-1:
dos2unix -850 -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Windows CP1252 to Unix Latin-1:
dos2unix -1252 -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Windows CP1252 to Unix UTF-8 (Unicode):
iconv -f CP1252 -t UTF-8 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt
Convert from Unix Latin-1 to DOS default code page:
unix2dos -iso -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Unix Latin-1 to DOS CP850:
unix2dos -850 -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Unix Latin-1 to Windows CP1252:
unix2dos -1252 -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Unix UTF-8 (Unicode) to Windows CP1252:
unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP1252 > out.txt
See also http://czyborra.com/charsets/codepages.html and http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html.
There exist different Unicode encodings. On Unix and Linux Unicode files are typically encoded in UTF-8 encoding. On Windows Unicode text files can be encoded in UTF-8, UTF-16, or UTF-16 big endian, but are mostly encoded in UTF-16 format.
Unicode text files can have DOS, Unix or Mac line breaks, like regular text files.
All versions of dos2unix and unix2dos can convert UTF-8 encoded files, because UTF-8 was designed for backward compatibility with ASCII.
Dos2unix and unix2dos with Unicode UTF-16 support, can read little and big endian UTF-16 encoded text files. To see if dos2unix was built with UTF-16 support type
dos2unix -V.
On Unix/Linux UTF-16 encoded files are converted to the locale character encoding. Use the locale(1) command to find out what the locale character encoding is. When conversion is not possible a conversion error will occur and the file will be skipped.
On Windows UTF-16 files are by default converted to UTF-8. UTF-8 formatted text files are well supported on both Windows and Unix/Linux.
UTF-16 and UTF-8 encoding are fully compatible, there will no text be lost in the conversion. When an UTF-16 to UTF-8 conversion error occurs, for instance when the UTF-16 input file contains an error, the file will be skipped.
When option
-u is used, the output file will be written in the same UTF-16 encoding as the input file. Option
-u prevents conversion to UTF-8.
Dos2unix and unix2dos have no option to convert UTF-8 files to UTF-16.
ISO and 7-bit mode conversion do not work on UTF-16 files.
On Windows Unicode text files typically have a Byte Order Mark (BOM), because many Windows programs (including Notepad) add BOMs by default. See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_order_mark.
On Unix Unicode files typically don't have a BOM. It is assumed that text files are encoded in the locale character encoding.
Dos2unix can only detect if a file is in UTF-16 format if the file has a BOM. When an UTF-16 file doesn't have a BOM, dos2unix will see the file as a binary file.
Use option
-ul or
-ub to convert an UTF-16 file without BOM.
Dos2unix writes by default no BOM in the output file. With option
-b Dos2unix writes a BOM when the input file has a BOM.
Unix2dos writes by default a BOM in the output file when the input file has a BOM. Use option
-r to remove the BOM.
Dos2unix and unix2dos write always a BOM when option
-m is used.
Convert from Windows UTF-16 (with BOM) to Unix UTF-8:
dos2unix -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Windows UTF-16LE (without BOM) to Unix UTF-8:
dos2unix -ul -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Unix UTF-8 to Windows UTF-8 with BOM:
unix2dos -m -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Unix UTF-8 to Windows UTF-16:
unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-16 > out.txt
GB18030 is a Chinese government standard. A mandatory subset of the GB18030 standard is officially required for all software products sold in China. See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_18030.
GB18030 is fully compatible with Unicode, and can be considered an unicode transformation format. Like UTF-8, GB18030 is compatible with ASCII. GB18030 is also compatible with Windows code page 936, also known as GBK.
On Unix/Linux UTF-16 files are converted to GB18030 when the locale encoding is set to GB18030. Note that this will only work if the locale is supported by the system. Use command
locale -a to get the list of supported locales.
On Windows you need to use option
-gb to convert UTF-16 files to GB18030.
GB18030 encoded files can have a Byte Order Mark, like Unicode files.
Read input from 'stdin' and write output to 'stdout':
dos2unix -l -c mac
Convert and replace a.txt. Convert and replace b.txt:
dos2unix a.txt b.txt
dos2unix -o a.txt b.txt
Convert and replace a.txt in ascii conversion mode:
dos2unix a.txt
Convert and replace a.txt in ascii conversion mode, convert and replace b.txt in 7bit conversion mode:
dos2unix a.txt -c 7bit b.txt
dos2unix -c ascii a.txt -c 7bit b.txt
dos2unix -ascii a.txt -7 b.txt
Convert a.txt from Mac to Unix format:
dos2unix -c mac a.txt
mac2unix a.txt
Convert a.txt from Unix to Mac format:
unix2dos -c mac a.txt
unix2mac a.txt
Convert and replace a.txt while keeping original date stamp:
dos2unix -k a.txt
dos2unix -k -o a.txt
Convert a.txt and write to e.txt:
dos2unix -n a.txt e.txt
Convert a.txt and write to e.txt, keep date stamp of e.txt same as a.txt:
dos2unix -k -n a.txt e.txt
Convert and replace a.txt, convert b.txt and write to e.txt:
dos2unix a.txt -n b.txt e.txt
dos2unix -o a.txt -n b.txt e.txt
Convert c.txt and write to e.txt, convert and replace a.txt, convert and replace b.txt, convert d.txt and write to f.txt:
dos2unix -n c.txt e.txt -o a.txt b.txt -n d.txt f.txt
Use dos2unix in combination with the find(1) and xargs(1) commands to recursively convert text files in a directory tree structure. For instance to convert all .txt files in the directory tree under the current directory type:
find . -name *.txt |xargs dos2unix
The primary language is selected with the environment variable LANG. The LANG variable consists out of several parts. The first part is in small letters the language code. The second is optional and is the country code in capital letters, preceded with an underscore. There is also an optional third part: character encoding, preceded with a dot. A few examples for POSIX standard type shells:
export LANG=nl Dutch
export LANG=nl_NL Dutch, The Netherlands
export LANG=nl_BE Dutch, Belgium
export LANG=es_ES Spanish, Spain
export LANG=es_MX Spanish, Mexico
export LANG=en_US.iso88591 English, USA, Latin-1 encoding
export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8 English, UK, UTF-8 encoding
For a complete list of language and country codes see the gettext manual: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Usual-Language-Codes.html
On Unix systems you can use the command locale(1) to get locale specific information.
With the LANGUAGE environment variable you can specify a priority list of languages, separated by colons. Dos2unix gives preference to LANGUAGE over LANG. For instance, first Dutch and then German:
LANGUAGE=nl:de. You have to first enable localization, by setting LANG (or LC_ALL) to a value other than "C", before you can use a language priority list through the LANGUAGE variable. See also the gettext manual: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/The-LANGUAGE-variable.html
If you select a language which is not available you will get the standard English messages.
With the environment variable DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR the LOCALEDIR set during compilation can be overruled. LOCALEDIR is used to find the language files. The GNU default value is
/usr/local/share/locale. Option --version will display the LOCALEDIR that is used.
Example (POSIX shell):
export DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR=$HOME/share/locale
On success, zero is returned. When a system error occurs the last system error will be returned. For other errors 1 is returned.
The return value is always zero in quiet mode, except when wrong command-line options are used.
Benjamin Lin - <email@example.com>, Bernd Johannes Wuebben (mac2unix mode) - <firstname.lastname@example.com>, Christian Wurll (add extra newline) - <firstname.lastname@example.com>, Erwin Waterlander - <firstname.lastname@example.com> (maintainer)
Project page: http://waterlan.home.xs4all.nl/dos2unix.html
SourceForge page: http://sourceforge.net/projects/dos2unix/
file(1) find(1) iconv(1) locale(1) xargs(1)


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G-P girls, Pigeon Forge pair reach states
A pair of first-timers and a veteran are headed to the state championships.
"It's awesome," said Pigeon Forge senior Sara Caldwell. "I love going. It's my senior year and I've gone all four years."
Caldwell, who finished ninth on Thursday at the Region 2-A/AA cross country championships, will be joined in Nashville by freshman teammate Gavin Hutchens, who was fifth in the boys race and the Gatlinburg-Pittman girls, who were third in the team standings at Victor Ashe Park. Lindsey Myers, another freshman, paced the Highlanders, finishing third overall with a time of 20 minutes, 24.27 seconds on the 5-kilometer course.
"I was just hoping I'd make it," Myers said. "I could hear (the other runners) when we were coming around on the edge. I could hear their feet from their spikes. I just ran fast because I knew I didn't want them to catch me."
No one did catch Myers. The freshman held onto third throughout the race to easily qualify. The top 10 individuals and top three teams automatically move on to the Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association's state meet on Nov. 2. The championships are slated for the Steeplechase Course at Percy Warner Park.
Christian Academy of Knoxville's Rebecca Story won the girls crown in 19:53.27, helping the Warriors to the girls team title ahead of Catholic and G-P. Catholic's Joe Bindner was the boys champion in 17:18.32. Catholic and CAK were 1-2 in the boys team standings.
The Tigers' Hutchens set a personal best to book his ticket to Nashville. The freshman was surprised to finish fifth in the region meet. He ran an 18:55 earlier this year on the same course but finished in 18:17.61 on Thursday.
"That's the fastest I ever (ran)," Hutchens said. "Just motivation to win. I ran harder."
Caldwell had to run hard in a neck-and-neck finish with Gatlinburg-Pittman's Claire Ballentine for ninth. Caldwell matched her sprinting rival at the finish, eventually pulling away to finish in 21:29.88. Ballentine, who just wrapped up her soccer season with the Highlanders on Tuesday, was still in qualifying position but gets to go to Nashville anyway with G-P's third-place finish. She had a time of 21:31.35 on Thursday.
"It feels really good," Ballentine said. "It's a good sense of accomplishment, especially coming off of soccer season."
Highlanders coach Rick Cross was happy as well after qualifying a team for the state meet for the 16th time in his career.
"My top seven ran a really nice race today," Cross said. "Sometimes you just run into a team that has a couple more horses. That's what happened.
"But hey, we qualified for the state. We're happy."

subset: commoncrawl


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Use the form below to select organization criteria and click the Search button.
Please enter your search criteria below to find a healthcare provider.
Saint Francis Health System is pleased to welcome John Karamichalis, M.D., to Warren Clinic Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. Dr. Karamichalis comes to Tulsa from the division of pediatric cardiothoracic surgery at the University of California San Francisco and joins the office of Dr. Mary-Jane Barth.John Karamichalis, M.D. is welcoming new pediatric cardiac surgery patients and accepts most major insurance plans. To schedule an appointment please call (918) 494-1710.Specialty: Pediatric Cardiac SurgeryMedical Education: University of Oxford School of Medicine, Oxford, EnglandResidency: General Surgery University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NEFellowship: Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN Congenital Cardiac Surgery Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, COOffice: 6151 South Yale Avenue, Suite 2-403, Heart Hospital at Saint Francis Map itPhone: (918) 494-1710


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UTSA Sports
E-N coverage of the San Antonio institution.
Posts filtered on Category
Devin Gibson invited to Spurs training camp
As the lockout wore on, graduated UTSA star Devin Gibson's career was stuck in limbo. Now, he's driving back to San Antonio from his hometown in Houston with an opportunity he never thought he'd get: A training camp invitation from the Spurs. "I feel pretty good," he said. "I'm just going to go there, play […] [Read More]
Final UTSA podcast
[podcast]http://extras.mysanantonio.com/audio/2011_UTSA_1122.mp3[/podcast] And, for fun, head over to Rowdyville.net to vote for this year's offensive, defensive and special teams MVPs. (My votes, though I didn't: Eric Soza, Steven Kurfehs and Sean Ianno.) [Read More]
Runners sign Arizona big
Always on the lookout size, the Roadrunners signed Gilbert, Ariz., 6-foot-10 center Lucas O'Brien on Tuesday, their only addition during the early signing period. Fairly scrawny at 220 pounds, O'Brien nonetheless was the target of numerous other schools, according to arizonapreps.com. He averaged 13.3 points, 7.3 rebounds and 1.3 blocks last season as a junior. […] [Read More]
Wild finish in Stillwater
Having hit a half-court shot as a third-year player with the Denver Nuggets (watch here, at the 25 second mark), UTSA head coach Brooks Thompson is no stranger to buzzer beaters. But his, he said, doesn't compare to the 25-footer Sei Paye hit as time expired late Tuesday to give the Roadrunners a thrilling 78-77 […] [Read More]
Impressive start for men's hoops
Pretty solid opener to the 2011-12 season by the men's basketball team, beating UTEP 73-64 on the road Friday to add another quality non-conference pelt to the collection i'ts amassed over the past few years (Iowa, Houston, Rice, etc.) A couple of things stood out, most notably a 12-point, five-rebound outing from 6-foot-9 center Alex […] [Read More]
Gibson plays the waiting game
As UTSA opens its 2011-12 campaign tonight at UTEP, the driving force for last year's historic run, graduated point guard Devin Gibson, will be at the other end of the state, monitoring the NBA lockout in his hometown of Houston. While Gibson has no NBA prospects — the furthest he got was a workout with […] [Read More]
Men's hoops schedule released
After some delay, UTSA has finally announced its men's basketball schedule. Beginning with their road trip to UTEP on Nov. 11, the Roadrunners will play at least 26 games. The first home game is against Pepperdine on Nov. 26. Their conference season begins on Jan. 4 with a home game against Nicholls. They'll play in […] [Read More]
UTSA 30, McNeese St. 28, halftime
UPDATE UTSA SID Kyle Stephens told me that Devin Gibson, who just struggled through a nightmare half, isn't suffering any lingering problems from the head shot he took early in the first half. /// If I told you Devin Gibson would have 2 points, 2 rebounds and no assists at halftime, and the Roadrunners would […] [Read More]
UTSA 30, McNeese St. 28, 1:01 1st
Melvin Johnson III's turnover puts the Cowboys in transition, where Patrick Richard powers his way for a layup while being fouled. He'll shoot a free throw when play resumes. Transition defense has been an issue for the Roadrunners today. Should Richard sink his freebie, the Cowboys will have 10 fast-break points. That's what's keeping them […] [Read More]
UTSA 30, McNeese St. 26, 2:20 1st
Melvin Johnson III's first basket of the game, a 3-pointer in transition, gives the Roadrunners a four-point lead. It was a much-needed hoop for the sharpshooter, who had air-balled a wide-open look on his last 3-pointer. Timeout, Cowboys. [Read More]
Show More


text:
Sandy Clicks and Prints
Hair On You Salon and Spa
Welcome to Hair on You Salon and Spa. Hair on you Salon and Spa caters to everyone. We welcome all skin and hair types, men, women and children . We are like no other salon around from the décor, individual personality, styles and family togetherness. Everyone would prefer our business because it...
Sandy Clicks and Prints
We specialize in web designs, logos, and many other online business services and new business services for self-employed individuals, entrepreneurs, small businesses, non-profit organizations and family events. Sandy Clicks and Prints can help put your business or organization in the...


text:
Posts filtered on Category
Cuckoo Cuckoo: Nurses Ratchet Up Ramos Pay Diss
Where's Nurse Ratchet when you need her? Well, a lot of nurses working for the city wouldn't mind examining the brain cells of Superintendent of Schools John Ramos. School nurses that come under the umbrella of the Board of Education went payless this summer because Ramos suffers from an I-think-I-don't-remember moment regarding a deal the nurses […] [Read More]
Library Book Fight
Library officials want to throw the book at Mayor Bill Finch. Well, sort of. They say the library system is woefully underfunded and they haven't been enamored of the mayor since he described library workers as "non-essential" following layoffs last year to help close a budget gap. The library budget was ultimately rescued during negotiations with the City […] [Read More]


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The Speicherstadt warehouse district of Hamburg has been awarded UNESCO World Heritage status. As announced at the UNESCO Committee session held in Bonn on 5 July 2015, the Speicherstadt and the neighbouring Kontorhaus district are being recognised as unique and enduring symbols of trade. Speicherstadt is the world's largest complex of uniformly designed warehouses, and this fantastic example of maritime industrial architecture is best viewed on a port boat trip. The nearby HafenCity and Elbe Philharmonic Hall are also well worth a visit.
The accreditation of the 'Speicherstadt and Kontorhaus District with Chilehaus' takes the total number of UNESCO World Heritage sites in Germany up to 40. You can discover Germany's world heritage on eight different UNESCO routes or check out #welterbegermany on Instagram for a virtual tour of the sites.
From June to September, you can ride aboard the Seenlandbahn railway all the way from Dresden to the beautiful Lusatian Lakeland, the largest man-made region of lakes in Europe. There are six different day tours to choose from – perfect for experiencing the landscape in all its many facets.
The state of Saxony is also home to the grand town of Görlitz. Part of the town is in Poland and part in Germany, but there is no sense of a division between the two. The lovingly restored buildings and the warm welcome from the locals make it a delightful place to explore.
Mainz's traditional Midsummer's Eve Fair, the Johannisnacht, is taking place this year from 19 to 22 June. There will be a fun-packed programme of theatre, concerts and entertainment on six stages in the city centre. The festival ends on Monday evening with a spectacular firework display over the Rhine – an event not to be missed.
Mainz is also home to a wide array of museums. One of the highlights is undoubtedly the Gutenberg Museum, which is dedicated to the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg. While visiting the museum, you can see the Gutenberg Bible, one of the most beautiful books in the world.
Why not enjoy a different kind of holiday and stay at one the many beautiful abbeys in Rhineland-Palatinate? With your mobile phone switched off, you can concentrate on the important things in life and discover the true meaning of peace and relaxation. In a setting conducive to mediation and spirituality, your everyday stresses will simply melt away.
Cycling by electric bike is one of the best and most enjoyable ways to tackle the steep vineyards of Rhineland-Palatinate. With minimum effort you'll reach the high vantage points. Breathtaking views are your reward.
The town halls of Münster and Osnabrück, where the Peace of Westphalia was sealed, were awarded the EU's European Heritage Label in April 2015. They are the first sites in Germany to be honoured with the label, which is a true acknowledgement of their significance. A visit to these monuments provides insight not only into this seminal event in European history but also into Westphalian culture.
If you're visiting the region, you might also like to travel along the Westphalian Mills Route. This themed route runs for 320km through scenic countryside, linking a series of romantic and historical mills.
Taking place on 13 and 14 June, the Brandenburger Landpartie is a golden opportunity to explore the scenic Havelland region between Prignitz and Lenzen, get a taste of country life in Brandenburg, and enjoy the local food and drink under blue skies. More than 200 establishments – from holiday farmhouses to agricultural cooperatives – will be taking part in the two-day event.
Another way to explore the region is on the Tour Brandenburg long-distance cycle trail, which takes you past many more places of interest. The route takes you through biosphere reserves, past beautiful riverscapes and to more than 30 historical towns.
You can experience one of Germany's most popular old town festivals in Erfurt from 19 to 21 June 2015. Now in its 40th year, this delightful event takes place on and around the historical Merchants' Bridge. The wide-ranging programme features music, street theatre, variety entertainment and a traditional medieval market, offering plenty of fun for visitors of all ages.
When you're in Thuringia, be sure to sample the famous bratwurst sausage. The recipe for this much-loved speciality dates back 600 years and is a closely guarded secret among the region's butchers. Guten Appetit as we say in Germany!
You can experience the Ruhr region in a whole new light on 20 June 2015. Cathedrals of industry past and present provide the backdrop for an unforgettable night of concerts, theatre and light shows. The programme takes place in 20 different locations that exude industrial charm.
If you want to explore the Ruhr region by day, you might like to travel along the Route of Industrial Heritage. This fascinating themed route, whose centrepiece is the Zollverein mine in Essen, links 20 highlights from Germany's industrial heyday.
The city of Karlsruhe will be celebrating its 300th anniversary from 17 June to 24 September 2015. A 15-week summer festival will be offering plenty of entertainment for young and old alike. More than 400 events are being held in and around Karlsruhe Palace. There's something for everyone – from music, comedy, theatre and film to dazzling light shows in the evening.
During the day, you might like to stroll along Kaiserstrasse, Karlsruhe's main shopping boulevard. As well as being the longest shopping street in Baden-Württemberg, it's also one of the liveliest places in town. Whatever you want to buy, you'll find it here.
From 22 to 31 May 2015 the city of Leipzig is holding its annual Wagner Festival in honour of the great composer Richard Wagner. Richard Wagner was born in Leipzig in 1831 and you can still trace his legacy in the city today. The programme of concerts and performances featuring Wagner's compositions is a true feast for fans of classical music.
The Saxony region is also home to Europe's original porcelain manufactory – in Meissen. Porcelain was first made there in 1710, and 300 years on Meissen 'white gold' is still synonymous with the very highest quality. But don't just take our word for it, come along and see for yourself.
Suchen, Nachschlagen, Informieren. Hier finden Sie alles, damit Sie immer "auf dem Laufenden" sind.


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IT Director, Education
"We were running critical systems that did not perform to our requirements and even caused us to lose business. Xynomix evaluated our requirements and budget, and implemented a RAC solution with a second line of telephone support for the DBA team. The systems haven't gone down once"
Achieve 99.9% Oracle uptime to protect revenue streams, reputation and existing customer relationships.
Oracle database environments are often the operational nexus of the business using them.
Mission-critical Oracle systems must be optimised and supported, as even the shortest length of unscheduled downtime can affect levels of customer and staff satisfaction, and can cause long term damage.
Xynomix's Oracle Business Continuity Consultancy is designed to protect businesses running mission-critical Oracle database systems from the unexpected.
Our team of consultants will assess your current working practice and provide you with a range of options to protect the reliability of your business's Oracle database.


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(based on 5 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
4 Stars
3 Stars
2 Stars
1 Stars
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
Best Uses
Feels too small
Feels true to size
Feels too big
60% (3 reviews)
(3 reviews)
Feels too short
Feels true to length
100% (5 reviews)
(5 reviews)
Feels too long
Reviewed by 5 customers
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Good Pants
By Ang
from Denver, CO
Comments about Betty Rides Acid Wash Skinny Jeans - Women's:
I got these in a large and they were too big, but, I loved the colors and they are very very comfortable.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
- You may also flag this review
Surprising sizing!
By Double Threat
from Reno, NV
Got the L, because according to the sizing chart (at 5'6" and 135), I would be pushing a M. And we all expect skinny to fit tighter. I was swimming in the L, but decided not to even bother with trying a M, because they were too short and not that impressive in styling.
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
Love these pants
By Carollf
from Auburn,wa
About Me Classic
These pants fit and look great, have perfect fit, and are styling on the slopes...haven't tested the fabric in super wet conditions, but seem to repel water well
Cute jean!!
By Nik knows snow
from Keystone , CO
About Me Stylish
Super cute, fully functional snow jeans. Very stylish and lots of girls asked were to find the grey acid wash color (since the blue acid wash was all I saw on the slopes). This color even looks good with all my bright gear! I would buy them again , even though the waist was a little bigger than normal smalls.
Betty Rides Rocks
By rider sponsered rider
from VaCa
About Me Casual, Petite, Sexy, Trendy
unique looking, get comments on it every time i rock it. Fits great as well, so comfortable.


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Gear Question
I currently ski 177 Mantras, am 5'10 170...
I currently ski 177 Mantras, am 5'10 170 lbs. Are the 188's the right size here? I know actual ski is less than that due to the rocker, but 188 still seems like a big ski for me. Any thoughts/help would be great
Wally Phillips
Hey brendan.ma1803150,
Thanks for the question. If that Mantra feels like a lot of ski for you then the 188 S7 will be a bit too much. If that is the case and you're looking for a more powder/big mountain ski to add to your quiver, I would look to a ski closer to the 182cm to 184cm size.
If those Mantras do feel a bit short for how you ski, then I do think you could pull off a 188 S7 due to the amount of rocker length.
So the 178 would be too short in your mind?
Cory Akin
In my experience, these skis feel much shorter than their actual length. I was on the 188 and felt like I could turn on a dime. As Wally mentioned, these have a lot of rocker.
The S7's are also a softer ski than the Mantra, which will make initiating a turn much easier.
Go with the 188 and obtain happiness.
View More Details on Rossignol S7 Ski


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Glimpse at Grammys - future and past
The notes may be the same, but the songs (and genres) sure have changed. Nothing underscores that more dramatically than the arrival of the 48th annual Grammy Awards (7 p.m. Wednesday on CBS).
Through the years, the recipients of these golden little gramophone statuettes have ranged from the legendary (the Beatles, Bob Dylan, Billy Joel), to the curious (Cyndi Lauper, Men at Work) to the downright undeserving (Milli Vanilli).
To study up on this year's contenders, "Grammy 2006 Nominees" (Sony/BMG) is the perfect place to start. Coldplay and the Foo Fighters will duke it out for Best Rock Album, while Bruce Springsteen ("Devils and Dust"), John Legend ("Ordinary People") and Rascal Flatts ("Bless the Broken Road") vie for Song of the Year.
Elsewhere, the race for Best Alternative Album is on among Beck, Death Cab for Cutie and Franz Ferdinand. At the other end of the spectrum, rock's elder statesmen (Paul McCartney, Neil Young and the Rolling Stones) all stand a chance at winning the gold in their respective categories.
And even if the past 12 months of popular music wasn't as stellar as years past, "Grammy Nominees 2006" does a more than admirable job of collecting the year's best moments all in one place, promising not only a great mix CD, but a melodic CliffsNotes to make you instantly Grammy-savvy.
If only they did that for the Oscars.
Still crazy for Simon
Let's rewind 30 years to the 18th annual Grammy Awards and re-live one of Paul Simon's biggest nights.
A solo act since his 1972 split with Art Garfunkel, Simon was free to indulge his various musical ambitions, a range of Latin-flavored send-ups, white boy reggae and unfettered social commentary.
With two studio solo albums behind him, 1975's "Still Crazy After All These Years" (Warner Bros.) was Simon's third-time's-a-charm project. Produced by Phil Ramone, "Still Crazy" is the quintessential example of seamless, mid-'70s mainstream pop that won Simon the Grammy for Album of the Year.
On the recently reissued disc, the remastered sound now reveals every detail, such as the gauzy arrangement of the title track, the sparkle of the sly "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover" and the ethereal "I Do It for Your Love."
Also included are demos for "Slip Slidin' Away" and "Gone At Last" that allow a peek into Simon's creative process and confirms his talent for coupling literate lyrics with classic melodies that added up to a hands-down Grammy victory.
Contact Jesse De Leon, program director and morning show personality for Oldies 93.9, at 289-0111 or jessedeleon@ clearchannel.com
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text:
Yapta API
Yapta aims to help travelers get a better handle on pricing by providing easy-to-use tools and information that assures they get the best value from their travel spending. The APIs enable applications to track pricing on specific flights offered from hundreds of airlines around the world. Flight prices can be monitored both before purchase -- in an effort to help travelers buy at the lowest price -- and after purchase, in an effort to help travelers capture an airline refund when the price drops."
API Key, OAuth
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text:
TSA Pre✓™ Expands at LAX to Include United Airlines
LOS ANGELES – The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) today announced the expansion of TSA Pre✓™ operations at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) to Terminal 7 with United Airlines. TSA Pre✓™ is a passenger prescreening initiative that allows qualified passengers to go through an expedited security process, which among other benefits, allows them to keep their shoes and light outerwear on while going through the checkpoint. At LAX, select Delta Air Lines, American Airlines and now United Airlines frequent travelers are eligible to participate and may receive expedited screening benefits when flying domestically.


text:
Welcome to our company
The COMITY CONSULTANCY & MANPOWER RESOURCES, INC. is one of the active players in the recruitment industry in the Philippines.
It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
With the increasing demands for respectable and high quality service in the industry, COMITY CONSULTANCY & MANPOWER RESOURCES, INC has built a reputation for fulfilling demands and job placements in a professional and expedient way. The company's genuine concern for its applicants and close relationship with the principals ensures that the process of overseas recruitment satisfies both parties. Read more >>
News and Events
Comity Consultancy and Manpower Resource is committed to provide high quality service
Comity Consultancy and Manpower Resource Inc. is a Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA)-licensed agency that was established with the objective of providing employment to talented and skilled Filipino workers and provide employers overseas with the highly trained labor force they require. Read more >>


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What was it like to witness a Space Shuttle launch or landing? For the Moving Beyond Earth (MBE) exhibition about the Space Shuttle, the International Space Station, and future human spaceflight, the team wanted to show how shuttle launches and landings became cultural experiences, not just technological events. Thousands of people gathered, often after having …Continue Reading
Little more than 55 years ago, the thought of sending humans into space was only the makings of science fiction. On April 9, 1959, sci-fi and reality merged as NASA introduced the seven American astronauts who would participate in the first human spaceflight program in the United States, Project Mercury. Within four months of the …Continue Reading
This month marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the sole launch of the Soviet space shuttle Buran. The idea of a reusable space plane has existed for decades among space enthusiasts and predated the idea of a rocket carrying humans into Earth orbit. The space race era manager of the Soviet Space program Sergei Korolev studied …Continue Reading
While processing a National Air and Space Museum Archives photo collection, I came across this image—two men holding the wax head of astronaut Alan Shepard! Although wax replicas are often used for creepy Halloween special effects, this wax model of Shepard's head was made by the National Historical Wax Museum for realistic display purposes. …Continue Reading
1931– 2013 Director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from 1976 to 1982, Bruce Murray was a geologist whose vision was never earthbound. He earned his PhD from MIT and served two years in the U.S. Air Force before joining the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1960. Caltech manages JPL for NASA, and soon …Continue Reading


text:
Aliases for CYP24A1 Gene
Aliases for CYP24A1 Gene
External Ids for CYP24A1 Gene
- Entrez Gene: 1591
- Ensembl: ENSG00000019186
- UniProtKB: Q07973
Previous Symbols for CYP24A1 Gene
Summaries for CYP24A1 Gene
This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This mitochondrial protein initiates the degradation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the physiologically active form of vitamin D3, by hydroxylation of the side chain. In regulating the level of vitamin D3, this enzyme plays a role in calcium homeostasis and the vitamin D endocrine system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for CYP24A1 Gene
CYP24A1 (Cytochrome P450, Family 24, Subfamily A, Polypeptide 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CYP24A1 include hypercalcemia, infantile and autosomal recessive infantile hypercalcemia. Among its related pathways are MicroRNAs in cancer and Metabolism. GO annotations related to this gene include electron carrier activity and heme binding. An important paralog of this gene is CYP11A1.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CYP24A1 Gene
Has a role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent 24-hydroxylation of calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)) and calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)). The enzyme can perform up to 6 rounds of hydroxylation of calcitriol leading to calcitroic acid. It also shows 23-hydroxylating activity leading to 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-26,23-lactone as end product


text:
Dell Adds Widescreen Inspiron
- By ExtremeTech Staff on August 28, 2003 at 7:20 pm
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On Thursday, Dell announced its newest multimedia notebook, the Inspiron 8600, which combines a wide-angle 15.4-inch screen in an ultraportable form factor.
The Inspiron 8600, available today in the United States, includes the option of a Pentium M processor ranging from 1.3-GHz to 1.7-GH, together with the option to choose Intel's "Centrino" wireless package.
Dell's new notebook also includes what the company is calling its most powerful notebook graphics solution ever, the Nvidia GeForceFX Go5650 graphics accelerator.
The Inspiron 8600 includes hard drive storage options up to 80-Gbytes, DDR-333 RAM options from 512 Mbytes to 3 Gbytes; two USB and a single IEEE 1394 port, and either a rewritable CD/DVD-ROM or DVD+RW drive.
The new notebook comes with Microsoft's Windows® XP Home Edition operating system, the WordPerfect Productivity Pack, Dell Juke Box, Dell Picture Studio, and the RealOne Player for watching streaming video. Six months of America Online or Earthlink membership (new members only) is also included. The notebook ships with Dell's SecurityCenter, a collection of applications included with purchase designed to provide customers access to anti-virus, firewall and privacy protection.
Prices for the Dell Inspiron 8600 begin at $1,699.


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"JUST PERFECT! Highly highly recommend spend just a lil bit more money to order "kraft" envelopes to go with this look. You will not regret! Just wish there's matching envelope seal for this look!"
"These labels were not only a perfect match for my New Years card, but on trend for the new year. Very nice touch to add on a personal touch. Love the style and quality."


text:
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Google's Open Data Toolkit Mess/Wealth
Google, the company that aims to organize the world's information, has quite a few tools in their portfolio that are focused towards (or can be used for) publishing structured data. Some even help visualize it. I wonder, how are these all interrelated? How can they cooperate? Which should be used when? And what is Google's roadmap for them? Is it worth to know them all? Or will they go where numerous labs experiments have gone before?
But let's take a brief look at each
before we get all fuzzy.
Google Docs
For many it's Excel without license fee, but some use it to share structured data with others. The british news(-paper) website The Guardian, for example, is known for sharing public data on their Data Blog using the Google Docs spreadsheets module (a more recent example). It's a pragmatic approach that serves them quite well. Of course, the Google Docs API allows for programmatic access, so Docs is not only about manual data entry. However, for those who favor human labor, Docs offers a form feature. For display and visualization, there are the built-in chart functions of Docs plus a growing ecosystem of both free and paid gadgets. And, not bad at all, Google Docs even comes with a chat function for real time discussion.
However, the downside to using Docs for sharing public data is that Google Docs spreadsheets tend to be simplistic. Spreadsheets hardly support anything more complex than two-dimensional data tables. Additionally, Google Docs has no notion of a schema and metadata. Fields might be interpreted as numbers, strings and dates, but that's about it. If you want to tell the spreadsheet that two floating point values are actually latitude and longitude of a geo point, it's not possible. Telling a person's name from a country name isn't, either. So data in Google Docs isn't self-explanatory. It always needs additional documents to describe it and applications to enforce certain rules when handling the data – or very cautious users. When it comes to sharing data with a crowd of potentially unlimited size, this can get problematic.
Google Fusion Tables
Fusion Tables appears to be one of the Google tools only few know about. And when you try it for yourself, it's hard to freak out about its user experience. Actually it seems as if Fusion Tables hasn't (yet?) been exposed to UI designers at all.
But: The purpose of this app is exactly what open data people should be looking for. It's about defining data tables (hence the name), filling them up with data, maintain the data collaboratively, discuss it, visualize it and "merge" it with other open data tables. SQL users, think JOIN.
I won't judge any of the tools here by the data that's currently available there. But it's interesting to see how people use the service. One example is a list of MD5 encrypted email addresses affected by the Gawker password incident, so people can find out if their password has been compromised. The way how the table authors created a "Using this spreadsheet" column clearly shows that Fusion Tables needs more ways to give general table information, instructions, attribution and such.
Naturally, there is an API for read and write access to Fusion Tables. People who know SQL will likely feel comfortable with that, since one basically interacts with fusion tables via a subset of SQL, issued via REST web service queries.
As for built-in visualization tools, Fusion Tables offers a set that seems to be growing quickly. Currently there are table, map, intensity map, line chart, bar chart, pie chart, scatter plot, motion, timeline and storyline. People familiar with Google's Visualization API know these. A special benefit of the maps module in Fusion Tables is the easy handling of thousands of data points on a map. For an example that allows to try out all available visualization methods, open the Wikileaks Afghan War Diary table.
A mystery to me is how editing rights can be controlled. It seems to me as if only the owner of a table can edit data, even if the table is public. However, a basic comment function allows others to annotate single values or rows.
Google Public Data Explorer
Public Data Explorer has been around as labs product for a while, allowing users to explore a couple of datasets prepared by Google. But, just recently, it has been announced in the Official Google Blog that Public Data Explorer is now open to user submissions. If you're interested, the Nieman Lab blog has additional insights about the new launch.
For that purpose, a new data exchange format called Dataset Publishing Language (DSPL) has been released.
DSPL is worth a closer look, since it tackles many of the problems which have already been mentioned above: Lack of schema, lack of metadata, lack of self-descriptiveness and being limited two low dimensionality. In DSPL, the meta information about the dataset is described in an XML file. This file contains general information and describes "concepts". For example, the DSPL package about european unemployment data (available from the code site) defines – among others – a concept of countries and of country_groups. It also contains relationship information telling us that country_groups consist of countries. These concepts are then linked to data tables which are provided as separate CSV files.
Compared to Google Docs, preparation of data for Public Data Explorer will naturally consume more time upfront since a lot of decisions have to be made on the schema level and, depending on your data, many relationships require to be modelled into the schema. On the other hand, this makes visualizing, grouping and filtering that data a lot easier.
When it comes to visualization, Public Data Explorer offers a limited, but well-optimized set of tools. All visualization forms like bar charts, scatter plots, maps etc. can be used to depict change over time (as known from Gapminder).
One thing that seems to be missing here though is an API for programmatic access to data. As of now, data has to be uploaded manually in the form of DSPL files. This will make it difficult to impossible to keep datasets updated over a longer period of time. Also, there is no table view and now export mechanism that people could use to access the raw data.
So, by now Public Data Explorer is a way to quickly make visualizations of data accessible to the public. But it doesn't serve as a platform to distribute raw data to the public. In that sense, it is not as open as Fusion Tables or Docs.
Google Base
Google Base started in November 2005 as some universal approach for storing structured data. The last mention of the platform in the official Google blog dates back to June 2009. Back when it started, Base was not at all a typical Google product. Until then, the mantra of the search giant was: just dump your data to the web and we will make sense of it. They didn't care about semantics all that much, or at least they wished they wouldn't have to. But Google Base took a different approach. At first, Base seemed to be just the backend of Google's product search (called Froogle back then), opened to the public for uploading their own stuff. But they also had pre-defined templates to add certain object types like recipes, job offers and other classifieds. Plus users could, and still can, create their own templates/schemas.
While the product search has meanwhile evolved into the Google Merchant Center, the rest of it's original purpose is no longer visible. The user interface for creation of new data feeds, as they call it, still exists. But there seems to be no outlet for that data. Other than the API, there is no way to display/search/access that data. This used to be different.
Unfortunately, it's completely unclear to me what purpose Base serves meanwhile.
Freebase is the creation of a company called Metaweb, which has been acquired by Google in July 2010. As the name indicates, Freebase is a database that is free to use. The main concept of Freebase is that each item (entity) can be linked to other items. For example, a specific movie could be one entity and a director could be another entity. Of course, the director can be linked to the movie he/she directed. The schema explorer gives an overview of all the domains and types that a schema already exists for. And the data sources overview lists the (or some of the) sources of data currently contained in Freebase.
It appears that the Freebase concept is comparable to Wikipedia in the way how it's content is curated by a community. People (and bots) are obviously watching new data entries and take care that no two entities exist which describe the same thing. To get a grasp on the somewhat complex concept, I recommend to read the overview texts available in the API docs.
If there is a spectrum of well-definedness of data and Google Docs is on one end of this spectrum (namely the loosely defined end), then Freebase is on the very opposite end. This comes with benefits as well as with a cost. The downside being that the effort to get data into the system might be pretty high. I have to admit that I haven't tried id myself so far.
Bottom line
So Google provides a number of different tools that could help you publish structured data. Except for Google Base, which looks like an abandoned step child right now, all serve their own purpose.
As a quick overview, in the spirit of open data, I created this Google spreadsheet:
It's public for read/write, so feel free to work with it.
When looking at these tools from outside Google, it's hard not to wonder: Do we need all these tools with their overlap of functionality? Why don't these folks sit together and merge their code? Or at least make it easier to interoperate with various of their tools. Actually it would be great if one could use Fusion Tables as a data storage for Public Data Explorer instead of all these static CSV files. Or if Fusion Tables had the same fine-grained control over who can read/edit data as Docs has. Or if creating a Fusion Table was as painless as creating a Google Docs Spreadsheet.
On the other hand, Google has been criticized a lot for becoming a big and slow behemoth. Trying to align all these tools (and teams) with each other in the first place might have had the downside that many of these tools wouldn't even have been launched by now. So I decide to be grateful for what's there already and give suggestions for improvement.
Man, these are pretty exciting times with the Google/Metaweb acquisition only a couple of months ago, Google just having opened Public Data Explorer and Fusion Tables being under active development, too. I'm curious to see how these tools develop and what they come up with next.
BTW, I'm happy for feedback. Please let me know if I missed something, got something wrong or if you have additional insights or a different opinion.


text: Reuters just reported that the Obama Administration stated it would shut down a program that provided medical care services to over 100,000 low-income women in Texas, as the state refused funding for clinics that provide abortions. Why are we so set on increasing our population and burdening poor women who are already barely getting by – just because we are selfish and short-sighted!? We must stop this never-ending war on women.


text:
A phase change memory element and methods for forming the same are provided. The memory element includes a first electrode and a chalcogenide comprising phase change material layer over the first electrode. A metal-chalcogenide layer is over the phase change material layer. The metal chalcogenide layer is tin-telluride. A second electrode is over the metal-chalcogenide layer. The memory element is configured to have reduced current requirements.
1. A memory element comprising:
first and second electrodes;
an insulating material between the first and second electrodes;
chalcogenide-comprised phase change material between the first and second electrodes; and
tin-telluride material between the phase change material and the second electrode, wherein the phase change material and tin-telluride material are formed in a via within the insulating material that extends at least partially through the first electrode.
2. The memory element of
3. The memory element of
4. The memory element of
5. The memory element of
6. The memory element of
7. The memory element of
8. The memory element of
9. The memory element of
10. The memory element of
11. A memory array comprising:
a plurality of memory elements, at least one memory element comprising:
first and second electrodes;
an insulating layer between the first and second electrodes;
chalcogenide-comprised phase change material between the first and second electrodes; and
tin-telluride material between the phase change material and the second electrode wherein the phase change material and tin-telluride material are formed in a via within the insulating layer that extends at least partially through the first electrode.
12. The memory array of
13. The memory array of
14. A method for forming a memory element, the method comprising:
forming a first electrode;
forming an insulating layer over the first electrode;
forming a via within the insulating layer extending at least partially through the first electrode;
forming chalcogenide-comprised phase change material over the first electrode and within the via;
forming tin-telluride material over the phase change material and within the via; and
forming a second electrode over the tin-telluride material.
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/194,623, filed Aug. 2, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,332,735, issued Feb. 19, 2008, and is hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to semiconductor devices, and in particular phase-change memory devices and method of forming the same.
Non-volatile memories are important elements of integrated circuits due to their ability to maintain data absent a power supply. Phase change materials have been investigated for use in non-volatile memory cells. Phase change memory cells include phase change materials, such as chalcogenide alloys, which are capable of stably transitioning between amorphous and crystalline phases. Each phase exhibits a particular resistance state and the resistance states distinguish the logic values of the memory cell. Specifically, an amorphous state exhibits a relatively high resistance, and a crystalline state exhibits a relatively low resistance.
A typical phase change cell has a layer of phase change material between first and second electrodes. As an example, the phase change material is a chalcogenide alloy, such as Ge2Sb2Te5 or SbTeAg. See, e.g., Lankhorst et al., Low-cost and nanoscale non-volatile memory concept for future silicon chips, NATURE MATERIALS, vol. 4 pp. 347-352 (April 2005).
A portion of the phase change material is set to a particular resistance state according to the amount of current applied via the electrodes. To obtain an amorphous state, a relatively high write current pulse (a reset pulse) is applied through the phase change cell to melt a portion of the material for a short period of time. The current is removed and the cell cools rapidly to below the glass transition temperature, which results in the portion of the material having an amorphous phase. To obtain a crystalline state, a lower current write pulse (a set pulse) is applied to the phase change cell for a longer period of time to heat the material to below its melting point. This causes the amorphous portion of the material to re-crystallize to a crystalline phase that is maintained once the current is removed and the cell 10 is rapidly cooled.
A sought after characteristic of non-volatile memory is low power consumption. Often, however, phase change memory cells require large operating currents. It would therefore be desirable to provide a phase change memory cell with reduced current requirements.
Embodiments of the invention provide a phase change memory element and methods for forming the same. The memory element includes a first electrode and a chalcogenide comprising phase change material layer over the first electrode. A metal-chalcogenide layer is over the phase change material layer. The metal chalcogenide layer comprises tin-telluride-telluride. A second electrode is over the metal-chalcogenide layer. The memory element is configured to have reduced power consumption.
The foregoing and other advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of exemplary embodiments provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
In the following detailed description, reference is made to various specific embodiments of the invention. These embodiments are described with sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be employed, and that various structural, logical and electrical changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
The term "substrate" used in the following description may include any supporting structure including, but not limited to, a semiconductor substrate that has an exposed substrate surface. A semiconductor substrate should be understood to include silicon, silicon-on-insulator (SOI), silicon-on-sapphire (SOS), doped and undoped semiconductors, epitaxial layers of silicon supported by a base semiconductor foundation, and other semiconductor structures. When reference is made to a semiconductor substrate or wafer in the following description, previous process steps may have been utilized to form regions or junctions in or over the base semiconductor or foundation. The substrate need not be semiconductor-based, but may be any support structure suitable for supporting an integrated circuit, including, but not limited to, metals, alloys, glasses, polymers, ceramics, and any other supportive materials as is known in the art.
The invention is now explained with reference to the figures, which illustrate exemplary embodiments and throughout which like reference numbers indicate like features.
A second insulating layer 14 is over the first electrode 12. A via 42 is within the insulating layer 14 to expose a portion of the first electrode 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the via 42 extends through a portion of the first electrode 12. The second insulating layer 14 can be a nitride, such as silicon nitride (Si3N4); a low dielectric constant material; an insulating glass; an insulating polymer; among other materials.
As shown in
Although layer 20 is shown over the chalcogenide material layer 18, it should be understood that the orientation of the layers can be altered. For example, the chalcogenide material layer 18 may be over the layer 20.
Over the tin-telluride layer 20 and within the via 42 is a second electrode 24. The second electrode 24 can be any suitable conductive material, and is tungsten in the illustrated embodiment.
For operation, a pulse generator 35 is used to apply a reset pulse of about 1.4 V, and a current of less than or about 280 μA is used. The reset pulse melts at least a portion of the germanium-telluride layer 18 leaving the layer 18 in a high resistance, amorphous state. A set pulse of about 1.17 V, and a current of less than or about 200 μA is used. The set pulse crystallizes at least a portion of the tellurium layer 18 leaving the layer 18 in a low resistance state.
As shown by
As illustrated in
As shown in
A tin-telluride layer 20 is formed over the germanium-telluride layer 18 and within the via 42. The layer 20 can be formed by any suitable method, e.g., physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, co-evaporation, sputtering, among other techniques. The layer 18 is formed having a thickness of about 500 Å.
A conductive material is deposited over the tin-telluride layer 20 and within the via 42 to form a second electrode 24. Similar to the first electrode 12, the conductive material for the second electrode 24 may be any material suitable for a conductive electrode, for example, tungsten. In the illustrated embodiment, the layers 18, 20, 24 are formed as blanket layers.
Additional processing steps can be performed, for example the formation of connections to other circuitry of the integrated circuit (e.g., logic circuitry, sense amplifiers, etc.) of which the memory element 100 is a part, as is known in the art.
In the case of a computer system, the processor system 300 may include peripheral devices such as a floppy disk drive 354 and a compact disc (CD) ROM drive 356, which also communicate with CPU 344 over the bus 352. Memory circuit 348 is preferably constructed as an integrated circuit, which includes a memory array 301 having at least one memory element 100 according to the invention. If desired, the memory circuit 348 may be combined with the processor, for example CPU 344, in a single integrated circuit.
The above description and drawings are only to be considered illustrative of exemplary embodiments, which achieve the features and advantages of the present invention. Modification and substitutions to specific process conditions and structures can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be considered as being limited by the foregoing description and drawings, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.
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It's Improbable That Tyrone Spong Can Fight for the UFC Any Time Soon
- Published in Glory
The news today out of UFC's event in Dublin was that Tyrone Spong was in attendance (we already knew that from his seminar schedule) and that he spoke with Dana White, asking for a one-fight deal to fight for the UFC in Dublin, Ireland. Dana White reported this during the post-fight press conference to illustrate the point of everyone wanting to fight for the UFC in Dublin thanks to what was a rather crazy, raucous crowd. This has the MMA world chattering about Tyrone Spong and fantasy booking him in the UFC already.
Well, hold on a minute.
Tyrone Spong is signed by both GLORY Sports International and World Series of Fighting, GLORY for kickboxing and WSoF for MMA. The GLORY deal came first and while they are open to allowing fighters to work outside of GLORY, there are restrictions. I have seen some GLORY contracts from a while ago and heard about more recent ones. Most, not all, include clauses about taking outside bookings, such as they must be approved through GLORY's management prior to accepting them, with some restrictions. One of those restrictions? That the UFC was out of the question.
It's not clear what Spong's contract status is with GLORY at the moment, but one would have to think that he's still under contract and since he's one of their better-paid athletes, that they have a long-term, binding contract in place with Spong. So, not to dash your hopes and dreams, but it's pretty unlikely at the moment. Sorry.


text:
(KHNL) About 40, big-wave surfers hit the water in Waimea Bay, Hawaii to catch what's left of the historic swell.
Conditions at Waimea cleaned up Thursday, enough for surfers to take advantage of the 25-30 foot waves. Occasionally an even bigger wave would hit.
"We do have expert surfers out there," says lifeguard Jeff Okuyama.
Copyright 2014 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


text:
Thank you. If a matching email exists we will send you an email in a few minutes with instructions on how to reset your password.
Don't forget to check your spam folder if you cannot find the email. For further assistance please contact us at email@example.com .Okay
This handmade wool flat-weave rug gives your space a refreshing element of color and pattern. A rug pad is recommended to keep this foundation securely in place.


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Holy…wait for it…crap!
What other phrase is there to use after watching last night's How I Met Your Mother? If you haven't fired up the DVR to catch up on "The Rebound Girl," then for the love of all things pure and good in this world, avert your eyes. If you watched last night and need a place to freak out and speculate, then this is the place to be…
MORE: Spoiler Chat: Scoop on Glee, American Horror Story, Revenge and More!
In the closing moments of last night's HIMYM, Robin delivered what was one of the best "OMG!" moments of the TV season: she's pregnant!
After hearing that bombshell, we blacked out for about a minute, and then our wheels started spinning. Because in true twisty plotline fashion, the father of the baby cannot easily be determined. Robin (Cobie Smulders) could be carrying the child of either boyfriend Kevin (Kal Penn) or former love Barney (Neil Patrick Harris), whom she slept with very recently.
OK, it has to be Barney's kid, right? First of all, we told you guys a little bit ago that HIMYM was casting Robin's kids, and one of them was blonde. And second of all, how crushed would you be if Barney wasn't the father? The TV gods would never be so cruel, right? Oh, that's right. They can be.
So, what did you guys think of the big surprise? And who's the father of the Scherbatsky baby: Barney or Kevin? Vote in the poll below and we'll see you in the comments for some extreme speculation time.


text: The bomb should be busting out of an envelope in the messages. Lower right corner, click on mail, go to yesterday. If it's not there and your time and date are correct, then backup your saves and format your wii, in the wii settings. I have had a couple wii's that I had to do that to.


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We're starting this thread as a central location for discussion regarding Discordia.
This message board is only an archive. Click here to go to the current message board.
We're starting this thread as a central location for discussion regarding Discordia.
"One pixel can change everything."
In anticipation of next Monday's release, we have leaked a short video from Discordia that can be viewed at the link below. Cheers!
Launch Video
"One pixel can change everything."
Thankee Brian, and all who have worked behind the scenes on this project. The new teaser Video is spectacular. Can't wait to start this new adventure.
reminds me of that restaurant where the grandfathers ate the priest. no picture of the last supper on the wall though..
that looks really amazing!
Has anyone noticed the new date of 12.7.09 adds up to 19?1+2+7+0+9=19
ka moves in scary ways yall
Looks awesome, cannot wait! Woooot!!!!
The Dixie Pig looks just how I imagined it, you must be some sort of genius Brian. Looks chillingly good. lookin forward to playin it.
Looks interesting, can't wait to dig into something new about the Dark Tower.
That was the Dixie Pig? Huh... I was thinking of that place in DT II... The Leaning Tower, I think it was


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This week's pet is Piper.
Piper is a 8 year old male Miniature Schnauzer who has a great little personality and just wants to be loved. He would love to find a forever home, possibly with you.
If you'd like to adopt Piper or see other pets up for adoption, please contact the Southern Oregon Humane Society at (541)779-3215 or you can visit their website at http://www.sohumane.org/


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This formula is directed at reducing itching and inflammation during flare ups, reducing the length of flare ups, and preventing recurrences. This formula lengthens periods of remission and is directed at resolving lesions and scaling.
2 to 3 capsules, two times per day morning and evening. Take three times per day for severe itching
Huang Qin (Scutelaria baicalensis Radix) Huang Liang (Coptis chinensis Rizome) Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia glutinosa Radix) Jin Yin Hua (Lonicera japonica Flos) Qing Dai Fen (Indigo indigotica Folium) Dang Gui (Angelica sinensis Radix) Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix) Chi Shao (Paeoneae rubrae Radix) Da Qing Ye (Isatis tincotoria Folium) San Leng (Sparganium stoloniferum Rhizome) Ban Lan Gen (Isatis tinctoria Radix) Xuan Shen (Scrophularia ningpoensis Radix) Zao Xiu (Paris polyphylla Rhizome) Wu Mei (Prunus mume Fructus) Mu Dan Pi (Paeonia suffruticosa Radix Cortex)
Yin deficiency Blood heat;
Severe itching Membranous scaly eruptions Cutaneous pigmentation Thick skin scaling Dry Skin Cutaneous focal lesion gradually spreading outward Lichenification Skin warts Fear or avoidance of heat Constipation Dizziness Backache Tinnitis Joint Pain Pale face
Dr. Kang is trained in both Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine. He knows the traditional functionality of the herbs and their interactions as well as the pharmacological impact they make physiologically. He made these formulas to treat specific internal diseases with both medicines (Western and Eastern) in mind to ensure total effectiveness and safety.
These formulas are made from exceptionally high quality, all-natural herbs that are custom-grown from the finest Chinese sites. They are dried without preservatives, chemicals, irradiation or fumigation.
Herbs for each formula are cooked together for full interaction of ingredients to ensure the most potent integrated compound possible. Herbs are extracted at a ratio of 5-7:1 and dried strictly under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions for consistent quality. Dr. Kang?s Formulas contain no lactose, sugars, carriers, flow agents or Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOS).
The fine ingredients within each capsule dissolve quickly and completely in water, and within the body--- unlike competitive tablets and unrefined brands that often remain undigested and wasted.
All procedures for selecting the most effective herbs, and their subsequent cooking, extraction, concentration and drying are under the direct supervision of Dr. Kang and Dr. Liang at all times, meeting stringent requirements for the proprietary methods and formulas that ensure that Dr. Kang?s Formulas work.


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Learn how to use SAP Crystal Reports 2013 to analyze and summarize data to make better decisions.
Maximize the power of Crystal Reports and import and analyze data from a variety of places, including Excel, Access, HTML/XML files, and more.
"Your website has become a verb. I had a client tell me today that they were lynda.comming their way through learning new software. You've joined the ranks of Googling, Photoshopping, and Skyping!" —Jill W.
more from our members »


text:
The substrate of a catalytic converter fulfils a vital role in supporting the catalytic material, and at the same time must be capable of withstanding some extremely arduous conditions. Operating temperatures may be in excess of 900 C and the substrate will also be exposed to fast moving, corrosive exhaust gases, rapid changes in temperature and pressure and external factors such as shocks and vibration. Another important attribute of the substrate, apart from durability, is that it must not cause an excessive pressure drop in the exhaust system. Two types of substrate predominate: ceramic extrusions and another type made from ultra-thin metal foil.
Ceramic substrates dominate the car market, primarily because they are mass-produced and therefore cheap. However, metal substrates offer the following advantages:
(Photo: Metal Substrates)
(Photo: Ceramic Substrates)
Forum House, Stirling Road, Chichester, West Sussex. PO19 7DN England.
Tel: +44 (0) 870 0101 800 firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Page Content Utility Links Main LinksHome Index Search Directories Faq
1. Basic course students must:
Completion of the 20 semester hours of MS course work and one military history elective (3) are required for a minor in Military Science. Placement credit may be awarded for the Basic Course for prior military service, attendance at ROTC Leadership Training Course, or three or four years of JROTC. Students who are already commissioned officers are not eligible to receive a minor in military science. Non-contracted students are not eligible to receive a minor in Military Science.DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL MILITARY SCIENCE (MS) COURSES
Open the original version of this page.
Usablenet Assistive is a UsableNet product. Usablenet Assistive Main Page.


text:
Let us help you move better, sleep sounder, breathe easier. Since 1991, Chateau Drug & Homecare on New York's Upper West Side has been helping people stay healthy, comfortable and mobile with our extensive selection of walkers, wheelchairs, toilets, bathroom aids, braces, and other medical supplies plus premium pharmacy services and over-the-counter medications. With an inventory including rollators, respirators, hospital beds, bedpans, canes, crutches, support hosiery, incontinent supplies and other healthcare equipment, we help people get well, stay healthy, take care of their loved ones, leave their homes and live full lives.
Our inventory of wheelchairs is unparalleled. From basic units to more advanced models, we have a wheelchair to fit anybody. Only need a walker? A cart for shopping? Our selection includes those also. Got a broken leg? Need head support? We have models to accommodate various physical needs and mobility limitations. Got a patient recovering at home? We feature a wide selection of hospital beds, braces, movable toilets, and other home health care equipment.
Chateau Drug & Homecare: your one-stop shop to recovery, recuperation and remaining healthy.
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text:
Hear from IT leaders and industry experts in more than 100 sessions at the leading business technology event.
CTO, Rapid 7
Tas is a Rapid7 co-founder and the chief architect of NeXpose and has been part of the Matthews and Devine team since 1990. Giakouminakis helped form Percussion Software in 1994 where he led the server development of Notrix, Percussion's first product. In addition, he led the server development team for Rhythmyx, Percussion's Enterprise Content Management system. Tas left Percussion to launch Rapid7 in 1998. Prior to his recent experiences, he worked in the financial services sector, developing software in the security and risk areas for CitiCorp.
Vulnerability management has become a key component to information infrastructure security, however, it needs to evolve quickly to stay ahead of the hacking community and become more useful to IT Leadership. In order to keep up with the ever-growing threat landscape of technical vulnerabilities it is important to understand where you are vulnerable from both an application and network perspective. Traditional vulnerability management capabilities, techniques, and technologies may no longer be sufficient and can produce mixed results due to both the volume of vulnerabilities and credibility of the results. This session will focus on the current leading practices and the next generation of tools and techniques organizations can deploy for effective and realistic vulnerability management including:
* Prioritization of exploitable vulnerabilities
* Vulnerability enumeration techniques
* Remediation management concepts
* Compliance reporting capabilities


text:
The National Quality Forum (NQF) defines a fall as an unplanned descent to the floor (or extension of the floor e.g., trash can or other equipment) with or without injury to the patient.
Falls are the largest category of reported incidents in hospitals. Hospital fall and injury rates vary due to patient population, patient risk factors, the presence of fall prevention programs and interventions, and the definition of the fall rate metric utilized by the hospital. The strongest predictor of a fall is a previous fall.
The cost of falls is expensive and contributes to increasing health care expenditures. The CDC estimated that the cost of fall injuries for those 65 years of age and older is expected to exceed $19 billion, with $0.2 billion of those fatal falls. Falls can have serious effects on a person's ability to function as a productive member of their family, community or society. Patient falls are the second most frequent cause of harm in hospitals and are the largest category of reported incidents in hospitals. In the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) unintentional fall related injury report, it was reported that total charges for acute care hospital events associated with unintentional falls were over $471 million in fiscal year 2006 (MDPH, 2008).
Massachusetts hospitals have been leaders in addressing falls prevention. Our hospital leaders continue to encourage efforts to address this serious issue, particularly regarding falls-associated morbidity and mortality for older adults. Hospitals have collaborated on and established Falls Prevention Programs in accordance with The Joint Commission Hospital Standards to assess the patient's risk for falls, and to implement interventions to reduce falls based on the patient's fall risk assessment. In addition, hospital is expected to evaluate the effectiveness of fall reduction activities. Falls prevention programs include multidisciplinary predictive falls risk assessments for patients when they are first admitted to the hospital, as well as customizing falls prevention programs to meet individual patient needs. Hospitals report serious patient falls to the Department of Public Health, and public reporting of these serious falls began in 2009. Every Massachusetts hospital is also voluntarily collecting falls data through the National Quality Forum's Nursing Sensitive Indicators of Falls and Falls with Injury. This data has been publicly reported since the summer of 2007.
MHA, in partnership with the Organization of Nurse Leaders (ONL) Practice Committee, has added extensively to falls prevention knowledge by researching and sharing best practices regarding this key quality indicator among hospitals throughout the state and by posting on the PatientCareLink and ONL websites.
National Council on Aging (NCOA) - NCOA's Six Steps to Prevent a Fall
The National Council on Aging (NCOA) is a non-profit service and advocacy organization representing older adults and the community organizations that serve them. It works with local and national partners to give older adults tools and information to stay healthy and secure. NCOA has produced Take Control of Your Health: 6 Steps to Prevent a Fall.
Massachusetts Commission on Falls Prevention Phase 1: The Current Landscape
Prepared by: Kim Kronenberg, Consultant to JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. September 2013
Falls and fall-related injuries impose a significant public health burden on Massachusetts' older residents and on the health care system that treats them. In the Commonwealth, falls are the leading cause of injuries and injury deaths for people 65 years and older. These numbers are rising. This is both independent of and compounded by the fact that the population most at risk for falls (those 65 years and older) is also growing in number. Traumatic brain injuries, broken hips, loss of independence and death are some of falls' most serious outcomes. Falls are costly to the state. In 2010 in Massachusetts, total acute care hospital charges associated with older adult fall-related injuries totaled approximately $630 million. Moreover, the lifetime medical and work loss cost of the fall injuries among Massachusetts older adults that were sustained in 2010 is estimated to be over $8.5 billion.
Read more...
Fall- Related Injuries and Deaths Among Older MA Adults: 2002 - 2010
Injury Surveillance Program, Bureau of Health Information, Statistics, Research & Evaluation - MA Department of Public Health, August 2013
Falls are a leading cause of injury and death across the United States and in Massachusetts and account for a significant portion of health care dollars spent on injury-related care. This bulletin focuses on unintentional falls among older Massachusetts adults ages 65 and over, as they have much higher rates of fall-related injury and death than those under age 65. Annually older adults account for 84% of all fall related deaths and 68% of all hospital stays for fall-related injuries.
Source: The American Geriatrics Society
HRET's Falls Change Package - Falls with Injury Change Package Preventing Harm from Falls - 2014 Update
Eliminate Harm Across the Board - HRET's Falls Poster
PatientCareLink is a joint venture of the Massachusetts Hospital Association (MHA),
Organization of Nurse Leaders of MA-RI (ONL), and the Home Care Alliance of Massachusetts.
Terms & Conditions | Sitemap
About PatientCareLink | For Patients & Families | Healthcare Provider Data | Success Stories | Participant Login
Boston Interactive


text:
The Cordless Warn PulzAll is a battery-powered pulling and lifting tool that can help you move heavy items like LVLs and I-beams. The 24-volt device is controlled by a variable-speed trigger and a forward and reverse toggle and can lift up to 1,000 pounds. It contains 15 feet of wire rope – enough for short lifts – and comes with two batteries and a charger. A corded version is also available.
¦ Price: $500. 800-543-9276. www.warn.com.
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text:
The author of this blog, Abe Olandres, has been blogging since 2000, just a few months after graduating from the Ateneo de Manila University with a BS in Chemistry and Computer Engineering.
He is more commonly know in the blogosphere and IT circles as "Yuga" and has been professionally blogging at YugaTech since 2005, the same year he went full time making a living from his blogs. He's also a guest blogger at GMANews.tv and included in T3 Magazine's list of influential people in the Philippine techbiz.
A serial technopreneur, Yuga started getting into internet ventures back in 2003 after founding a local web hosting business. He has now expanded into consulting, internet marketing, advertising and organizing conferences (Search Engine Marketing Conference). He's been to several countries (Germany, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan) moderating seminars/workshops on blogging and new media (complete list of talks/workshops here). Yuga is also regularly tapped as resource person on TV and print. A partial list of media mentions and appearances can be found here.


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'Vegetable Containers & Raised Beds' workshop set
August 20, 2014
The Mississippi State Trial Gardens will present a workshop on "Fall Vegetable Containers and Raised Beds" on Sept. 9 from 6:30-8 p.m. in the greenhouse at Dorman Hall on the Starkville campus.
Participants will learn how to create stunning vegetable container gardens, and discuss the latest gardening trends and vegetable plants that work best in containers.
Registration is $15.
For more information or to register, please contact Kandiace Gray at email@example.com or call 662-325-1682.


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Leah is a knowledge worker and graphic designer with an emphasis on information graphics, business presentations, and meeting documentation. Her company, Design by Leah, is based in the Pittsburgh area.
Before forming her own company, Leah was the design manager for LaunchCyte, LLC, a biotech development company, where she created logos, brochures, business plans, and websites for the company and its portfolio startups. Prior to that, she managed a blues club for 11 years and marketed her beaded jewelry and hand-painted clothing to boutiques.
She still maintains a strong affinity to the service and hospitality industry as a part-time bartender with the Pittsburgh Cultural Trust. In her spare time she is senior editor for Social Innovation Conversations, part of the Conversations Network, an online platform for podcast distribution. When not traveling to meetings or hanging out in Pittsburghs Cultural District, Leah spends much of her time at her computers working in Illustrator, Photoshop, PowerPoint, and Dreamweaver.
Leah has a Bachelor of Fine Arts from Carnegie Mellon University and would like to someday complete the masters degree in media arts that she has underway at Chatham University.
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text:
This section brings together free in-depth Continuing Education resources for the Professional community concerned with trauma.
Many of the courses offered by the Center are in Flash, PowerPoint or Audio Podcasts format. To view them you must have the latest version of Adobe Flash Player or PowerPoint (or the free PowerPoint Viewer) installed. These are available on the VA Viewer Software page. Stream or download audio podcast or use iTunes.
Flash files will play automatically when you click the link. Please note that Flash will not work on iPhone or iPad devices.
A transcript is available in the 'Notes' section of the player.Keyboard commands for your screen reader
To navigate through Flash courses using assistive technology:
Course modules with audio narration by the instructor are packaged in ZIP format to reduce file size and download time. Each package includes one PowerPoint Slideshow file (the course module) and several MP3 audio files (the narration).
A text-only transcript is also available.
How to Unzip Downloaded Files
Windows XP users: Right-click on the .zip file you downloaded, choose "Extract All..." from the popup menu, and follow the Extraction Wizard instructions.
Mac OS X users (10.3 and later): Double-click on the .zip file you downloaded.
Users of older operating systems: You will need to download a helper utility to unzip the files. Windows users may download a free evaluation version of WinZip; Macintosh users may download a free version of Stuffit Expander. After downloading and installing the appropriate helper utility for your computer, follow the instructions provided with the software to unzip the course module and audio files.
"Listen" allows you to stream and hear the podcast. To download mp3 files on your computer, right click and save the file. If you prefer, use iTunes to manage the podcast.
The size of each podcast varies. See the course page for an estimate.
To earn free credits, see CE/CME Credit. You will need to view the full course, read its brochure, and take a quiz to earn continuing education credits.
If you experience difficulty with the course files, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. We are here to help.