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WOODRUFF (AP) Seven adults face child neglect charges in upstate South Carolina after 15 children were removed from a dirty, trash-strewn doublewide mobile home where 24 people lived.
Area media outlets report the adults were charged Wednesday after Spartanburg County sheriffs deputies came to the home in Woodruff to investigate allegations of sexual abuse.
The children, ranging in age from a few months old to age 13, were taken into protective custody by the state Department of Social Services.
The adults were released on personal recognizance bonds Wednesday evening and told to have no contact with the children.
Someone needs to move, Magistrate Judge Dwight Smith said during a bond hearing as he read the same address for each person charged.
The judge said that those charged would be given personal recognizance bonds because no one had a criminal record. Each faces 10 years in prison if convicted.
The judge said because the children were in protective in custody they are not in danger.
A report from the Sheriffs Office said investigators found animal feces, urine, medicine bottles and unsecured guns in the house. The report said that six of the kids were also playing in an above-ground pool that was green with algae because it had not been cleaned.
Lt. Kevin Bobo of the sheriffs office said the investigation into allegations of sexual abuse is continuing.
The sheriffs report said the investigation began after a school district child advocacy attorney emailed deputies about possible abuse of children inside the home.
Seven adults charged as 15 kids removed from SC home
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Scale, developed by Steve Swink (who teaches interactive design in Phoenix, but might be better known as Kyle Pulver's roommate?) is similar to Portal, which is a quality ascribed to a lot of great indie games these days. That's not surprising, given that Portal was also an indie student project, before it got processed through Valve's chaotic engine of creativity. Scale is similar to Portal in that it too has a gun that doesn't kill, but is instead used to manipulate a colorfully-rendered 3D world.
Portal, it could be said, played around with the functions of space, creating portals to bypass and bend it. Scale, on the other hand, is all about that stuff in between space. Namely: mass.
Like Portal, it also starts simple: There's a ledge in front of you, and a small rock that's not big enough to climb up the ledge. But you have a gun, and you presume the left mouse button shoots it, so fire away. The gun grows the rock up a size (complete with a bouncy inflating motion), and you can climb up the rock and onto the ledge in front of you, and on through a door to the next level.
That's the first stage. Later on, there's a house, but you can only grow it a few times before the gun runs out of power. The solution is to use the other mouse button to shrink the trees around you, and then pump that mass into the house, growing it up to full size, and then even further if you like. You can then go in, find a key, and move on.
And there's more. At one point I come across another ledge, with a collectible orb on top of it, and no clear way of getting up. But there's a sign below it, and sure enough, the gun also works on the sign. Pull mass off of objects around you, jump up on top of the sign, and grow it up to the top of the ledge.
I grin inwardly, with Swink standing behind me. I have broken his game: I have used his rules to get somewhere I wasn't supposed to be.
But of course he knows. "Oh, you did the sign thing," he says. "That's one way to do it. There are a few others."
The game's far from done, but Swink says he hopes to be at IndieCade later on this year. It's all running in Unity 3D, so Mac and PC are the first platforms he'll aim for. And as for a release date, he shrugs. He says it'll be out eventually, but you get the impression that he's making this game for him, not for us.
Finally, Swink shows me a later level, highlighting something else he's been thinking about during development. It's a desert level, with a big Grand Canyon gap running through it. "You can't get across the gap, see?" he says, showing that it's far too wide to jump across. And then he lowers the gun and shoots downward.
The camera suddenly jumps upward and hovers, like he's turned on God Mode and is about to fly around. He shoots down a few more times, and the camera zooms up farther, putting the whole level on the screen, with the gap far below. The weird change in perspective is puzzling.
And then I slowly realize what's going on. The world itself is shrinking, with the player staying the same height. The gap is now a small ditch at your feet. The mind bends into a new place. Just like Portal.
"Now you can jump the gap," says Swink with another shrug, and then makes the jump, a few times back and forth. "Anyway, it's something I'm working on."

subset: commoncrawl


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Shop All Brands
The Reverso is one of the rare true icons of luxury watchmaking. It is the legendary reversible watch invented in the 1930s for polo players who wanted to be able to protect the crystals of their watches, which featured pure, geometric silhouettes inspired by the Art Deco movement. Readability and powerful visual impact are the keynotes of the Reverso Squadra Hometime. It immediately asserts its presence through the silvered guilloché dial, featuring black numerals in the center. The main function indicates a travel time zone synchronized with the date. Another hand shows the reference time and the corresponding am/pm indication. The transparent back reveals a dazzling horological vision, with a Jaeger-LeCoultre Calibre 977 mechanical automatic movement.
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{"singleVariantMessage":"","widgetClass":"VariantMatrixWidget","backorderMessage":"Backordered","backorderMessageSingleVariant":"This item is backordered.","orderedSelection":true,"productVariantId":0,"variantIdField":"product4482_VariantId","backorderToMessageSingleVariant":"This item is backordered and is expected by {0}.","productId":4482,"priceVariance":true,"backorderToMessage":"Backordered to {0}","singleVariantId":4482,"updateLastSelector":true,"fireStatusEvents":true}


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Temptalia Asks You – What are you doing this weekend?
What are you doing this weekend? Fun night out? Spending the day curled up with a good book? Taking the kids to the park? Share!
My boyfriend and I are going to his mom's house to watch the UFC fight on Saturday, and we'll stay through Sunday. I'll be busy reading up for next week's classes, but at least he'll have fun! I'm supposed to teach his brother how to play piano while I'm there, too. Busy busy!
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Anderson County finance panel approves $5K letter opener
ANDERSON - Anderson County's finance committee considers budget items great and small. And on Monday, the panel gave its blessing for the county treasurer's office to buy an electric letter opener that costs nearly $5,300.
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Fungal Meningitis Patients: A Long Road to Recovery »
"Dec. 26, 2012 -- Johnnie McKee thought she was out of the woods.
McKee, a 72-year-old grandmother of four from Bethpage, Tenn., was one of nearly 14,000 people who found out this fall that they'd been exposed to tainted medications made by "...
Read the Fungal Meningitis Patients: A Long Road to Recovery article »
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of AVELOX® and other antibacterial drugs, AVELOX should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
AVELOX® Tablets and IV are indicated for the treatment of adults (≥ 18 years of age) with infections caused by susceptible isolates of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and Use In Specific Populations].
Culture and Susceptibility Testing
Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to moxifloxacin [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Therapy with AVELOX may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once results become available, appropriate therapy should be continued.
Acute Bacterial Sinusitis
AVELOX is indicated for the treatment of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis [see Clinical Studies].
Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis
AVELOX is indicated for the treatment of Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, or Moraxella catarrhalis [see Clinical Studies].
Community Acquired Pneumonia
AVELOX is indicated for the treatment of Community Acquired Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (including multi-drug resistant isolates*), Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or Chlamydophila pneumoniae.
* MDRSP, Multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae includes isolates previously known as PRSP (Penicillinresistant S. pneumoniae), and are isolates resistant to two or more of the following antibiotics: penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MIC] ≥ 2 mcg/mL), 2nd generation cephalosporins (for example, cefuroxime), macrolides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole [see Clinical Studies].
Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections
AVELOX is indicated for the treatment of Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections caused by methicillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes [see Clinical Studies].
Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections
AVELOX is indicated for the treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections caused by methicillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Enterobacter cloacae [see Clinical Studies].
Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections
AVELOX is indicated for the treatment of Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections including polymicrobial infections such as abscess caused by Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, or Peptostreptococcus species [see Clinical Studies ].
Dosage in Adult Patients
The dose of AVELOX is 400 mg (orally or as an intravenous infusion) once every 24 hours. The duration of therapy depends on the type of infection as described in Table 1.
Table 1: Dosage and Duration of Therapy in Adult Patients
|Type of Infectiona
|Dose Every 24 hours
|Durationb (days)
|Acute Bacterial Sinusitis (1.1)
|400 mg
|Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (1.2)
|400 mg
|Community Acquired Pneumonia
|400 mg
|Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections (SSSI ) (1.4)
|400 mg
|Complicated SSSI (1.5)
|400 mg
|Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections (1.6)
|400 mg
|aDue to the designated pathogens [see INDICATIONS AND
USAGE, for IV use, see Use In Specific Populations].
b Sequential therapy (intravenous to oral) may be instituted at the discretion of the physician
Intravenous formulation is indicated when it offers a route of administration advantageous to the patient (for example, patient cannot tolerate an oral dosage form). When switching from intravenous to oral formulation, no dosage adjustment is necessary. Patients whose therapy is started with AVELOX IV may be switched to AVELOX Tablets when clinically indicated at the discretion of the physician.
Drug interactions with Multivalent Cations
Oral doses of AVELOX should be administered at least 4 hours before or 8 hours after products containing magnesium, aluminum, iron or zinc, including antacids, sucralfate, multivitamins and VIDEX® (didanosine) chewable/buffered tablets or the pediatric powder for oral solution [see DRUG INTERACTIONS and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Administration Instructions
AVELOX Film-Coated Tablets
AVELOX Tablets can be taken with or without food, drink fluids liberally.
AVELOX IV Solution for Infusion
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
AVELOX IV should be administered by INTRAVENOUS infusion only. It is not intended for intra-arterial, intramuscular, intrathecal, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration.
AVELOX IV should be administered by intravenous infusion over a period of 60 minutes by direct infusion or through a Y-type intravenous infusion set which may already be in place. Caution: rapid or bolus intravenous infusion must be avoided.
Because only limited data are available on the compatibility of AVELOX intravenous injection with other intravenous substances, additives or other medications should not be added to AVELOX IV or infused simultaneously through the same intravenous line. If the same intravenous line or a Y-type line is used for sequential infusion of other drugs, or if the "piggyback" method of administration is used, the line should be flushed before and after infusion of AVELOX IV with an infusion solution compatible with AVELOX IV as well as with other drug(s) administered via this common line.
AVELOX IV is compatible with the following intravenous
solutions at ratios from 1:10 to 10:1
|0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP
|Sterile Water for Injection, USP
|1M Sodium Chloride Injection
|10% Dextrose for Injection, USP
|5% Dextrose Injection, USP
|Lactated Ringer's for Injection
Preparation for Administration of AVELOX IV
To prepare AVELOX IV injection premix in flexible containers:
- Close flow control clamp of administration set.
- Remove cover from port at bottom of container.
- Insert piercing pin from an appropriate transfer set (for example, one that does not require excessive force, such as ISO compatible administration set) into port with a gentle twisting motion until pin is firmly seated.
NOTE: Refer to complete directions that have been provided with the administration set.
Dosage Forms And Strengths
AVELOX Tablets
- Containing moxifloxacin hydrochloride (equivalent to 400 mg moxifloxacin)
- Oblong, dull red film-coated tablets
- Imprinted with BAYER on one side and M400 on the other
- Containing 400 mg moxifloxacin in 0.8% saline (moxifloxacin hydrochloride in sodium chloride injection) with pH ranging from 4.1 to 4.6.
- Ready-to-use 250 mL latex-free flexibags. No further dilution is necessary
- Sterile, preservative free, 0.8% sodium chloride aqueous solution of moxifloxacin hydrochloride
Storage And Handling
AVELOX Tablets
AVELOX (moxifloxacin) hydrochloride tablets are available as oblong, dull red film-coated tablets containing 400 mg moxifloxacin.
The tablet is coded with the word "BAYER" on one side and "M400" on the reverse side.
|NDC Code
|Bottles of 30:
|Unit Dose Pack of 50:
|ABC Pack of 5:
Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15–30°C (59–86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Avoid high humidity
AVELOX Intravenous Solution – Premix Bags
AVELOX IV (moxifloxacin) hydrochloride in sodium chloride injection is available in ready-to-use 250 mL latex-free flexible bags containing 400 mg of moxifloxacin in 0.8% saline. NO FURTHER DILUTION OF THIS PREPARATION IS NECESSARY.
|NDC Code
|250 mL flexible container
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter prior to administration. Samples containing visible particulates should not be used.
Because the premix flexible containers are for single-use only, any unused portion should be discarded.
Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15–30°C (59–86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Revised 07 2013. Manufactured for: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. Wayne, NJ 07470, AVELOX Tablets manufactured in Germany AVELOX IV manufactured in Germany or AVELOX IV manufactured in Norway by Fresenius Kabi Norge AS NO-1753 Halden, Norway. Distributed by: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA AVELOX® is a registered trademark of Bayer Aktiengesellschaft and is used under license by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.
Last reviewed on RxList: 8/29/2013
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
Avelox FDA Prescribing Information
Additional Avelox Information
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110 W. New York Ave.
DeLand, FL 32720
DeLand approves new shelter for animals that need second chances
By Jen Horton
posted Jun 10, 2013 - 7:16:45am
DeLand's Second Chance Animal Shelter does not adopt out animals; it releases them to rescue organizations that find homes.
Currently, the city shelter has six dog runs and 12 cat cages. At press time, it had six dogs and 10 cats.
Of 720 animals that have come through the Second Chance Animal Shelter, 70 were reunited with their owners.
On May 20, the City Commission approved a new shelter, and construction could start as early as this fall. The shelter's current space wasn't designed to be an animal shelter, and is hard to keep clean, DeLand Police Chief Bill Ridgway said.
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This is some good news...for the meow meows
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Rockport man remains in critical condition
A 46 year old Rockport man remained in critical condition Monday at Spohn Hospital Memorial after he was struck while riding his motorcycle Friday night near Aransas Pass, hospital spokeswoman Sherry Carr-Deer said.
Charles McLead was riding his Harley Davidson north on the Highway 35 bypass about 10 p.m., when a car pulled out of the center median and hit McLead, Aransas Pass Police Chief Darrell Jones said.
McLead, who was not wearing a helmet, suffered a head injury. He was placed on life support at the scene and air lifted to the hospital.
The driver and passenger in the 2001 Toyota Corolla were wearing seatbelts and were not injured, Jones said.
No tickets were issued, though there is a notation on the file showing that contributing factors to the accident included failure to yield right of way and driver inattention, Jones said.
Contact Jaime Powell at 886-3716 or firstname.lastname@example.com
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From all-creatures.org
Animal Exploitation
Photo Gallery
Moo-ving people toward compassionate living
Fish: They feel pain, too!
Wishful Thinking
(Fish - Bow Fishing - 06) The thrashing becomes even more violent as the fish is lifted closer to the surface. It is obvious that these bow fisherman don't understand, or don't want to understand, what Jesus taught us to pray for: "Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven." If they did understand, they would realize that there is no death in heaven, and to deliberately cause death, particularly for pleasure, is going totally against this beloved prayer, and our heavenly Fathers will.
Photo Source: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)
| Fish | Animal Exploitation Photo Gallery |
The calf photo in the masthead these pages is from Farm Sanctuary with our thanks.
We welcome your comments:
This all creatures animal exploitation photo gallery is being presented to show the public the difference between the cute little animals we see in advertising and picture in our minds and the reality that exists in entertainment (circus, circuses, hunting, fishing, movie, movies, sport, sports, television, tv. TV), on farms (battery, beef, calf, calves, chicken, chickens, cow, cows, duck, ducks, dairy, egg, fish, eggs, geese, goose, lamb, lambs, pig, pigs, pork, sheep), and in a laboratory or laboratories, for medical research (cat, cats, dog, dogs, mice, monkey, monkeys, mouse, rabbit, rabbits, rat, rats, veal), photos, pictures
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Since 1995, éS has been at the forefront of high-performance skateboarding, propelling the design of skate footwear and apparel into a highly athletic and technically advanced realm. Today, the éS legacy of leadership continues with innovations embedded in the most stylish and technical skate shoes. The éS team is committed to delivering the best performing skate shoes to minimize the risk of injury and maximize skate time via advanced support, durability, cushioning and grip. For additional information, visit eSskateboarding.com
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Marina Ortiz spent ten years photographing the neighborhood's murals.
Coquito Masters is a contest produced by the International Coquito Tasting Federation.
The cafe on Lexington Avenue wants to raise $10,000 in 30 days.
New offerings and some mainstays are making Lexington Avenue from East 104th to East 99th Street a good spot to grab a bite to eat
East Harlem restaurant owners will have a fundraiser Thursday to pay for a "Taste Trolley" tour in December.
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text: > View Product Details Please select the size of the product. Please enter valid quantity. Tod's tan leather square moc toe logo strap loafers overview details Retail: $225.00 Reduced: $166.99 20% Off : $133.59 color : We're sorry. This style is sold out. Tan The perfect pair of loafers for summer comes in the form of an undeniably comfortable design fused with fashion-forward style and sophistication by Tod's. Color: Tan Smooth leather upper Square moc toe Polished silvertone 'T' ornament with tie strap at vamp Contoured loafer opening Signature rubber pebbled panel at heel Leather lining Pebbled rubber sole ½'' All measurements are approximate Leather; Italy; style#324348701


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One day, Doris Brynner should pen a book called Doris Says. Like the great lady who's the force behind Dior's home and gifts department – she masterminded the boutique's best sellers such as the Lily of the Valley candle, set of six glasses and enamel photograph frames – it would roll off useful, humorous tips that equal wise and practical. Usually, I dodge bossy boot characters and dear Dioris is the type to appear before her saintly creator and give him a 'now, look here' earful about the state of the pearly gates! Still, I listen to Doris because when she has blasted me for chewing gum in Dior's front row, or advised holding my jaw if I am going to nod off in the theatre, she has been right.
A femme du monde – over the years, Doris's close pals have numbered an Inner Chic range of swans like Audrey Hepburn, Elizabeth Taylor, Sally Aga Khan and Marella Agnelli – but she's never become grand and continues to adapt to every situation. Personally, I love how Doris divorced Yul Brynner in 1967 and proved that there was a serious second act after a privileged existence, which included Balenciaga frocks, Schlumberger jewels and shaking cocktails with Frank Sinatra.
"Doris divorced Yul Brynner in 1967 and proved that there was a serious second act after a privileged existence, which included Balenciaga frocks, Schlumberger jewels and shaking cocktails with Frank Sinatra."
Zooming off with her divine daughter Victoria – now a Hollywood powerhouse – Doris jumpstarted Valentino's career by selling his couture dresses to the jet set at the Palace hotel, St Moritz. This was then followed by sprucing up friend's houses and starting La Veranda boutique in Morges, Switzerland – the place for elegant household pieces – which ended when Peter Marino recommended her to Bernard Arnault. Recently in Paris, Doris was grandly made an Officier des Arts et des Lettres. However, her embarrassed and refreshing attitude was 'yes, but why me?' If only the less talented were as modest.
Natasha Fraser-Cavassoni is a Paris-based British writer who covers fashion and lifestyle as well as being the author of Sam Spiegel – The Biography of A Hollywood Legend, Understanding Chic, an essay from the Paris Was Ours anthology, the soon-to-be released Tino Zervudachi – A Portfolio – as well as the Chanel book, for Assouline's fashion series.
Robert Beck is former New Yorker currently based in Paris. Also known as C.J. Rabbitt, he is the author and illustrator of several children's books, including The Tale of Rabbitt in Paradis, Un Lapin à Paris and the soon-to-be-published A Bunny in the Ballet.


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Trade Fairs for Naturopathy SloveniaIn Slovenia 44 fairs take place in 4 cities. Of the 44 fairs are 1 Trade Fairs for Naturopathy. The mayority of the fairs in Slovenia are Furniture Trade Shows, Education & Training Trade Shows and Industry Trade Shows.
Fair on alternative medicine and health
Audience: publicly accessible
Celje, Celje
Fairs, that could be interesting for you
Here you find the requested Trade Fairs for Naturopathy trade showsExhibition calendar with current Trade Fairs for Naturopathy in Slovenia sorted by city:
Celje (1)


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A strange light was visible in photos of Mars like the one above taken by the Curiosity rover last week. Is it a beacon from an underground extraterrestrial base as some UFO researchers suggest, or simply sunlight glinting from a shiny rock? NASA claims it's likely the latter, but what do they know.
Weird light photographed on Mars
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From our forums
Fremen Scum
Dead pixel. Hopefully the rover is under warranty.
Continue the discussion at bbs.boingboing.net
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I think we've written before about a cellphone prototype that runs on Coke (or any sugary water). We already have the technology to make such powered systems last longer than some traditional battery powered devices, so I guess it was only a matter of time before we saw it come to RC toys, like the Tomy Ene Pocket RC.
Buying (or at least recharging) batteries has always been a sore point for RC toys, and the idea of using soda and juice just might interest some doting parents. It should also be a good way of using up the extra soda and juice as the whole family goes into a low-glycemic diet. (Sugar is bad, mmkay.)
Of course, using sugar-water as an energy source brings its own parental concerns. For one, can you really trust your kids not to spill any grape juice when pouring it into their toys? We know just how tough juice stains are to remove from carpet, especially if it is grape juice. Also, are you really willing to encourage having more sugary drinks in the cupboard? That sort of thing.
The Tomy Ene Pocket RC is still in the works, so it'll be a while before we can see just how well juice serves as, well, juice for RC toys.
Via: Coolest Gadgets


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Wednesday, June 11, 2014
Georgetown High Schools Jordan Ward signed to play football at Charleston Southern University on June 6, hours before graduating.
Its a big accomplishment, Ward said. It seems like all the work I put in towards football, all the years Ive been playing have finally paid off. I can play at the next level, which has been my dream for a long time.
Ward set the school record for most tackles.
Jordan had a great career here, said coach Bradley Adams. He was a very good linebacker for us and did a lot of great things for us in all phases of the game. Hes definitely going to be missed.
Wards been playing football since he was 5 and knew his whole life he would play in college.
My junior year is when I really buckled down and got serious about football so I could go to college and get a scholarship.
Adams said Charleston Southern is a good fit for Ward.
Hes going to have the opportunity to really be successful in something hes worked for his whole life, Adams said.
Wards dad, Mike, is an assistant coach on the football team.
At times it was fun, but he treated me harder than he did the other players, because he expected more out of me.
Wards not sure if he wants to study sports management or sports medicine.
His advice to his younger teammates: study hard.
I believe if you work hard in the classroom everything else with fall into place.
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A mobile station is disclosed which may be operated in both a set-up programming mode and in an authentication key programming mode. The authentication key programming mode may be invoked through a series of keystrokes on a keypad in the mobile station. The mobile station allows the entry of a separate authentication key for each mobile station identification number stored in memory. The mobile station also checks the accuracy of the entered authentication key and alerts the user as to whether the entered authentication key is valid or invalid.
1. A mobile station comprising:
a plurality of data entry keys;
means for operating said mobile station in a plurality of programming modes including an authentication key programming mode and a number administration module (NAM) programming mode;
means for enabling the selection of one of said programming modes through said data entry keys;
a memory containing at least one mobile identification number (MIN);
means for receiving an authentication key (A-key) entered by the user while said authentication key programming mode is selected; and
means for storing the entered A-key with said at least one MIN in said memory.
2. The mobile station of claim 1 wherein said authentication key programming mode is selected through a unique series of keystrokes.
3. The mobile station of claim 1 wherein said mobile station stores in said memory a plurality of mobile identification numbers (MINs), and wherein:
said receiving means comprises means for prompting the user to enter an authentication key (A-key) for each of said MINs; and
said storing means comprises means for storing the entered A-key with the corresponding MIN in said memory.
4. The mobile station of claim 3 further comprising means for validating the entered A-key prior to being stored with the corresponding MIN in said memory.
5. The mobile station of claim 4 further comprising means for generating an audible or visual indication of whether the entered A-key is valid.
6. A method for entering authentication information into a mobile station which is assigned at least one mobile identification number (MIN), said at least one MIN being stored in said mobile station, comprising the steps of:
assigning a separate authentication key (A-key) for each of said at least one MIN stored in said mobile station;
displaying in said mobile station an indication of any stored MIN in response to a user-entered command;
receiving in said mobile station a value of the A-key entered by the user for storing with the indicated MIN;
validating the received value of the A-key through an authentication algorithm executed in said mobile station;
storing in said mobile station the received A-key value with the indicated MIN if the received A-key value is determined to be valid; and
arranging said mobile station to receive new value of the A-key, to be entered by the user for storing with the indicated MIN or another MIN, if the received A-key value is determined to be invalid.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said mobile station operates in at least two modes, including a set-up programming mode and an A-key programming mode, and wherein said user-entered command invokes said A-key programming mode.
8. The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of displaying an indication of the validity of the received A-key value as determined from the execution of said authentication algorithm.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein said mobile station stores the MIN corresponding to the system in which said mobile station is operating, and at least one other MIN corresponding to a different system, and wherein said displaying step comprises the steps of:
displaying an indication of the MIN corresponding to the system in which said mobile station is operating; and
displaying an indication of another MIN in response to a user-entered command, said indication of another MIN replacing said indication of the operating MIN.
10. The method of claim 6 wherein said MIN indication comprises the value of the MIN.
11. A system for entering authentication information into a mobile station which is assigned at least one mobile identification number (MIN), said at least one MIN being stored in said mobile station, comprising:
means for assigning a separate authentication key (A-key) for each of said at least one MIN;
means for displaying in said mobile station an indication of any one of said at least one MIN in response to a user-entered command;
means for receiving in said mobile station a value of the A-key entered by the user for storing with the indicated MIN;
means for validating the received value of the A-key through an authentication algorithm executed in said mobile station;
means for storing in said mobile station the received A-key value with the indicated MIN if the received A-key value is determined to be valid; and
means for receiving in said mobile station a new value of the A-key, entered by the user for storing with the indicated MIN or another MIN, if the received A-key value is determined to be invalid.
12. The system of claim 11 wherein said mobile station operates in at least two modes, including a set-up programming mode and an A-key programming mode, and wherein said user-entered command invokes said A-key programming mode.
13. The system of claim 11 further comprising means for displaying an indication of the validity of the received A-key value as determined from the execution of said authentication algorithm.
14. The system of claim 11 wherein said mobile station stores the MIN corresponding to the system in which said mobile station is operating, and at least one other MIN corresponding to a different system, and wherein said means for displaying comprises:
means for displaying an indication of the MIN corresponding to the system in which said mobile station is operating; and
means for displaying an indication of another MIN in response to a user-entered command, said indication of another MIN replacing said indication of the operating MIN.
15. The system of claim 11 wherein said MIN indication comprises the value of the MIN.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for entering an authentication key which is used to authenticate mobile stations in a cellular radio system.
2. History of the Prior Art
Cellular mobile telephony is one of the fastest growing segments in the worldwide telecommunications market. Between 1984 and 1992, for example, the number of mobile telephone subscribers in the United States grew from around 25,000 to over 10 million. It is estimated that the number of subscribers will rise to nearly 22 million by year end 1995 and to 90 million by the year 2000.
Cellular telephone service operates much like the fixed, wireline telephone service in homes and offices, except that radio frequencies rather than telephone wires are used to connect telephone calls to and from the mobile subscribers. Each mobile subscriber is assigned a private (10 digit) directory telephone number and is billed based on the amount of "airtime" he or she spends talking on the cellular telephone each month. Many of the service features available to landline telephone users, e.g., call waiting, call forwarding, three-way calling, etc., are also generally available to mobile subscribers.
In the United States, cellular licenses are awarded by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) pursuant to a licensing scheme which divides the country into geographic service markets defined according to the 1980 Census. Only two cellular licenses are awarded for each market. The two cellular systems in each market are commonly referred to as the "A" system and "B" system, respectively. Each of the two systems is allocated a different frequency block in the 800 MHz band (called the A-band and B-band, respectively). To date, the FCC has released a total of 50 Mhz for cellular services (25 MHz per system).
Mobile subscribers have the freedom to subscribe to service from either the A-system or the B-system operator (or both). The local system from which service is subscribed is called the "home" system. When travelling ("roaming") outside the home system, a mobile subscriber may be able to obtain service in a distant system if there is a roaming agreement between the operators of the home and "visited" systems.
In a typical cellular radio system, a geographical area, e.g., a metropolitan area, is divided into several radio coverage areas (called cells). The cells are served by a series of fixed radio stations (called base stations). The base stations are connected to and controlled by a mobile services switching center (MSC). The MSC, in turn, is connected to the landline (wireline) public switched telephone network (PSTN). The telephone users (mobile subscribers) in the cellular radio system are provided with portable (hand-held), transportable (hand-carried) or mobile (car-mounted) telephone units (mobile stations) which communicate with the MSC through a nearby base station. The MSC switches calls between wireline and mobile subscribers, controls signalling to the mobile stations, compiles billing statistics, and provides for the operation, maintenance and testing of the system.
Each of the cells in a cellular radio system is allocated a subset of the radio frequency (RF) channels assigned to the entire cellular system (25 MHz). Each RF channel consists of a pair of separate frequencies, one for transmission by the base station (reception by the mobile station) and one for transmission by the mobile station (reception by the base station). One of the RF channels in each cell (called the control channel) is used to carry control data (supervisory data messages) between the base station and the mobile stations in the cell. The other RF channels are used to carry voice conversations. The RF (control and voice) channels used in any given cell may be reused in a distant cell in accordance with a predetermined frequency reuse pattern. The base station in each cell includes a number of transceivers, each of which operates on only one of the different RF channels used in the cell. The transceiver in each mobile station, on the other hand, may tune to any of the RF channels specified in the system.
During the idle state (turned on but not in use), a mobile station in a cell tunes to and monitors the control channel. When a wireline subscriber calls a mobile subscriber, the call is directed from the PSTN to the MSC which requests the base stations to "page" the mobile station over each of their control channels. If the MSC receives a response from the mobile station (which occurs automatically if the mobile station is turned on), the MSC assigns the mobile station an available voice channel at the closest base station, turns the selected voice channel transceiver on, and orders the mobile station to tune to the selected voice channel where a voice connection is then established. If the mobile station moves between cells while in the conversation state, the MSC will order a "handoff" of the call to an available voice channel at the new base station. A similar procedure is used for mobile originations.
A mobile station gains access to a cellular system by qualifying for service in the cellular system. For this purpose, each mobile station is identified by a mobile identification number (MIN) and an electronic serial number (ESN). The MIN is a 34-bit binary number which is derived from the directory telephone number of the mobile subscriber, and which is usually programmed into the mobile station at the time of service installation. The ESN is a 32-bit binary number which is unique to each mobile station, and which is set at the factory, not to be altered in the field. At every system access, e.g., call origination, the MIN/ESN pair is sent over the control channel from the mobile station (through a nearby base station) to the MSC (for incoming calls, the MIN is included in the page message sent over the control channel to the mobile station). The MSC will determine whether the received MIN/ESN pair belongs to a "home" subscriber or to an authorized "roamer" from another system (the MSC may also compare the received ESN to a "blacklist" of mobile stations which have been reported to be stolen). If the MIN/ESN pair is not recognized or if the ESN is blacklisted, the mobile station will be denied access.
Until recently, the radio transmission format in cellular systems has been analog frequency modulation (FM). With FM, a sinusoidal carrier wave at the transmit or receive frequency of the RF channel is modulated (varied) in proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of the analog voice signal. The modulated carrier occupies a region of the spectrum about the carrier frequency. This region is called the channel bandwidth and is usually 30 KHz wide. Each analog voice conversation, therefore, requires a full RF channel (60 KHz).
Recent developments, however, have ushered a new digital era for cellular communications. The main driving force behind the switch to digital has been the desire to increase spectrum efficiency to meet the ever-increasing demands on system capacity. As each cellular system is allocated a finite amount of radio spectrum, capacity may be increased by reducing the amount of bandwidth required for each voice channel or, conversely, by sharing each RF channel among several voice conversations. This is made possible with the use of digital technology. By encoding (digitizing and compressing) and multiplexing speech from several voice circuits prior to modulation and transmission, a single RF channel may be shared by several digital speech channels, instead of carrying only one analog speech channel (one voice conversation).
In the United States, the migration from analog to digital has been spearheaded by the Electronics Industries Association (EIA) and the Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) which have adopted an interim standard for the air interface in the new digital cellular systems. This EIA/TIA interim standard is known as the "Cellular System Dual-Mode Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard," or simply the "IS-54" standard (Rev. B of IS-54 is currently in effect: copies of this and any other revisions of IS-54 may be obtained from the Electronics Industries Association; 2001 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.; Washington, D.C. 20006). The term "dual-mode" refers to the capability of the system to operate in either an analog or digital mode. The analog mode of operation uses conventional analog FM. The digital mode of operation uses time division multiple access (TDMA) in which the RF channel is divided into a series of repeating time slots each containing a burst of encoded speech from a different source (e.g., a different voice circuit).
According to IS-54, each digital TDM RF channel can carry from three to six digital speech channels (three to six telephone conversations) depending on the source rate of the speech coder used for each digital speech channel. At call set-up, the dual-mode mobile stations may be assigned either an analog voice channel (an entire carrier frequency) or a digital traffic channel (a repeating time slot on a carrier frequency). The analog-only mobile stations, however, can only be assigned an analog voice channel.
In addition to providing for a new, digital radio transmission format, IS-54 specifies a procedure for confirming the identity of mobile stations demanding service in a cellular system. A serious problem which has plagued the cellular industry for some time has been the widespread, fraudulent use of MIN/ESN pairs to steal cellular service. Many of the mobile stations in use today can be programmed to transmit any MIN/ESN pair so as to "trick" the system into granting access. Further background on this MIN/ESN "tumbling" and the resultant revenue and service losses can be found in the article entitled "Cellular Fraud" by Henry M. Kowalczyk, in Cellular Business, dated March 1991, at pp. 32-35.
Fraud in the form of MIN/ESN tumbling arose primarily in a "manual roaming" environment where the cellular systems were not interconnected on a real-time basis. Each MSC usually contains a list only of valid MIN/ESN pairs belonging to the home subscribers, and does not have immediate access to counterpart lists in other systems. Hence, by using a roamer MIN (a 10-digit directory telephone number containing an area code other than the local area code), a fraudulent mobile station could receive service from the local cellular system until an indication of the invalidity of the MIN/ESN pair has been received (hours later) from the home system of the pretending roamer (or from a clearing house). In an "automatic roaming" environment, however, the cellular systems are networked together on a real-time basis in accordance with the provisions of EIA/TIA Interim Standard IS-41 (or through a proprietary signalling protocol). Consequently, the serving cellular system can obtain verification of a MIN/ESN pair from a home system virtually immediately and can, therefore, deny service to a MIN/ESN tumbler without significant delay.
The real threat to automatic roaming is a new and elusive type of fraud known as "cloning" in which a fraudulent user adopts the bona fide MIN/ESN pair of a valid (paying) subscriber. The fraudulent user may surreptitiously acquire a bona fide MIN/ESN pair, or even a list of valid MIN/ESN pairs, in several ways. For example, in some instances, bona fide MIN/ESN numbers are printed on, and may be read from, a label which is affixed to a mobile station belonging to a valid subscriber. In other instances, a list of bona fide MIN/ESN pairs may be purchased on the "black market" or directly from an employee of the cellular operator. In addition, since each mobile station transmits the MIN/ESN pair to the serving exchange at every system access, one or more bona fide MIN/ESN pairs may be intercepted by listening to radio transmissions on the control channel.
The new IS-54 standard offers a long-term solution to the problem of cellular fraud, including cloning, through a process called "authentication." The purpose of authentication is to enable a base station to confirm the identity of a mobile station through an exchange of information between the base station and the mobile station. For authentication to succeed, the base station and the mobile station must have identical sets of shared secret data (SSD). The SSD is stored in the MSC of the home system, or in a separate subscriber database called a "home location register" (HLR) connected to this MSC, and made available to the base station. Each mobile station also stores the SSD in memory.
In the process of authentication, the base station generates and sends to the mobile station a random bit pattern, called RAND or RANDU, on the control channel, analog voice channel (AVC) or digital traffic channel (DTC). Each of the mobile station and the base station uses RAND, a portion of SSD called SSD-A (the remaining portion, SSD-B, is used for encryption, and not for authentication), along with other input parameters, e.g., the MIN and ESN of the mobile station, in a Cellular Authentication and Voice Encryption (CAVE) algorithm, which is defined in Appendix A to IS-54, to generate an authentication response called AUTHR or AUTHU (depending on whether RAND or RANDU is used, respectively). The authentication response computed in the mobile station is sent to the base station to be compared with the authentication response computed in the base station. If the authentication responses match, authentication is considered successful, i.e., the base station and the mobile station are considered to have identical sets of SSD. However, if the comparison at the base station fails, the base station may deny service to the mobile station or commence the process of updating the SSD.
The procedure for updating SSD for any mobile station involves the application of CAVE initialized with mobile station-specific information (ESN), certain random data (RANDSSD), and a secret, permanent authentication key, called the "A-key," which is uniquely assigned to the mobile station. For security reasons, the A-key is never transmitted over the air interface between the base station and the mobile station, or over the network interface between different cellular systems. The A-key is stored in the MSC or the HLR and must be entered into the memory of the mobile station for use in updating the SSD. The default value of the A-key when the mobile station is shipped from the factory will be all binary zeros. The operational value of the A-key is assigned by the system operator when a mobile subscriber signs up for service. The assigned A-key value will be delivered to the subscriber in person, through the postal services (e.g., registered mail), or in some other convenient method determined by the operator.
At present, entry of the A-key into the mobile station is slated to be handled by authorized technicians at the time of mobile service activation. The A-key is to be programmed using a special facility provided in every mobile station sold, called the number administration module (NAM) programming mode, which allows the setup and configuration of the mobile station through the entry of system-specific parameters (e.g., control channel number and system identification number (SID)), and subscriber-specific parameters (e.g., the user MIN and lock code) at the time of installation or service. NAM programming requires a qualified technician with access to the installation and service directions specified by the mobile station manufacturer.
Relying only on NAM programming for A-key entry limits A-key programming access. By its very nature, NAM programming is far beyond the skills and capabilities of the average individual (or mobile subscriber) and is normally left to the professionals. Even where an individual has some knowledge of NAM programming, it is not desirable for the individual to invoke the NAM programming mode in the mobile station merely to enter the A-key value, because of the risk of inadvertent tampering with the values of all the other critical parameters which are stored in the mobile station and which are accessible during NAM programming.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a means to enter the A-key which is separate from NAM programming, which is relatively easy to use (user-friendly), and which requires no special technical knowledge to use.
It is another object of the present invention to notify the user of whether the A-key entered is valid or invalid, and to allow the user to edit his entry.
It is yet another object of the present invention to allow the use of multiple A-keys for multiple MINs stored in the mobile station.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a mobile station which may be operated in both a set-up programming mode and in an authentication key programming mode. The authentication key programming mode may be invoked through a series of keystrokes on a keypad in the mobile station.
In another aspect, a mobile station constructed in accordance with the present invention includes means for entering secret data into the mobile station, means for validating the entered secret data, and means for generating an external indication of the validity of the entered secret data. The external indication may be a text string which is shown on a display in the mobile station.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method for entering authentication information into a mobile station which is assigned at least one mobile identification number (MIN) stored in the mobile station. The method includes the steps of assigning a separate authentication key (A-key) for each MIN, displaying in the mobile station an indication of any stored MIN in response to a user-entered command, receiving in the mobile station a value of the A-key to be associated with the indicated MIN, validating the received value of the A-key through an authentication algorithm executed in the mobile station, and storing in the mobile station the received A-key value in association with the indicated MIN if the A-key value is determined to be valid.
The present invention will be better understood and its numerous objects and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the following drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of an exemplary handset for a mobile station constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified flow chart diagram which illustrates the tasks performed by a mobile station constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram which illustrates the separate A-key entry process of the present invention; and
FIG. 4 is a flow chart diagram of the steps executed in a mobile station during A-key entry in accordance with the present invention.
Referring first to FIG. 1, a pictorial illustration of an exemplary mobile station handset may now be seen. The handset 10 includes a power (on/off) button 12, a speaker 14 (the microphone is on the other side of the handset 10 and is not shown), an alphanumeric keypad 16, a display (including a display window) 18, and a number of control or function keys: a "SEND" key 20, an "END" key 22, repeat dial buttons ("A" and "B") 24, a recall ("RCL") key 26, a store ("STO") key 28, a function ("FCN") key 30, a clear ("CLR") key 32, and "up" and "down" keys 34.
With continuing reference to FIG. 1, the SEND button 20 is pushed after all the dialed digits have been entered with the keypad 16 when making a call. The END key 22 is used to end a conversation ("hang-up" the phone), or to exit from any available programming mode. The repeat dial keys 24 are used for rapid, one-touch dialing of two frequently called phone numbers. The RCL key 26 is used to recall prior entries from memory. The STO key 28 is used to store a list of phone numbers in memory, and to store entries during the programming mode. The FCN key 30 is pressed to enter a given programming mode. The CLR key 32 clears (erases from the display) the last key entry. The up and down keys 34 are used for scrolling while in any programming mode, and for volume control at all other times. Many of these control or function keys, and the alphanumeric keypad 14, may be used in the present invention.
Referring next to FIG. 2, a simplified flow chart diagram of the tasks performed by a mobile station constructed in accordance with the present invention may now be seen. For the sake of convenience, the mobile station is first assumed to be turned off. At block 40, the user pushes the power button 12 and turns the mobile station on. At block 42, the mobile station executes the normal initialization or idle call processing procedures including the processing of messages received over the control channel, e.g., overhead and page messages. At block 44, the user enters a distinct series of keystrokes on the handset 10 to invoke any one of several processes available to the user. The user may choose to enter NAM programming mode at block 46, MENU mode at block 48, or A-key programming mode at block 50 Alternatively, the user may originate or answer a call, or invoke some other available process, at block 52.
As described heretofore, NAM programming is used to set certain basic parameters in the mobile station. NAM programming is usually completed by a skilled technician at the time of installation, and the average mobile subscriber is normally not even aware of the NAM programming capability, or the particular set of keystrokes required to enter NAM programming. Although the procedures for entering NAM programming vary among the different manufacturers (and models) of mobile stations, a typical procedure may involve the depression of a unique series of digits and then the function key. For example, to enter NAM programming with the handset 10 shown in FIG. 1, the user may press a series of digits on the keypad 16 and then push the function key 30 twice. Thereafter, the user is in NAM programming mode and he or she may scroll through a list of parameters using the up and down keys 34, and (at each stop) may enter a value for each parameter using the keypad 16. When finished, the user can push the end key 22 to exit NAM programming.
The MENU mode allows the user to select from a menu of user options and mobile phone features. For example, the user may choose to illuminate the keypad 16 from a background light, to "lock" the mobile station to prevent unauthorized use (the mobile station can then be "unlocked" by keying in a lock code), to activate a timer on the display 18 which measures the duration of each call, to switch from system A to system B (or vice versa), or to set the manner in which the user prefers to answer incoming calls (e.g., by pressing one of the digits on the keypad 16). To enter the MENU mode, the user may simply push the function key 30 twice (again, the exact procedure for entering MENU mode depends on the make and model of the mobile station; pushing the function key (once or twice), however, is a common way to enter MENU mode).
According to the present invention, the authentication key (A-key) may be entered into the mobile station not only through NAM programming (indicated at block 46 in FIG. 2), but also through a separate (and more user-friendly) A-key programming process (indicated at block 50 in FIG. 2). With the present invention, even a layman, who is not skilled in the detailed mobile phone programming methods (e.g., NAM programming), can easily program the A-key into the mobile station. The user need only know the special access code for entering A-key and the value of the A-key itself. This avoids the inconvenience of requiring mobile subscribers to have their A-keys programmed by qualified agents of the cellular system operator at perhaps remote centers. Instead, the operator, for example, may simply mail the A-key value to the mobile subscriber for convenient entry into the mobile station in the privacy of his or her home.
Referring next to FIG. 3, a block diagram which illustrates the separate A-key entry process of the present invention may now be seen. FIG. 3 shows, in block diagram form, a cellular system which includes a home location register (HLR) 60 of the local system operator (home carrier), and a mobile station 62 for a home subscriber. Each of the HLR 60 and the mobile station 62 includes a memory for storing the A-key assigned to the mobile subscriber by the home carrier, and other cryptovariables (authentication information) associated with the MIN assigned to this mobile subscriber, e.g., the shared secret data (SSD-A and SSD-B), and a call history parameter known as COUNT (according to IS-54, COUNT is a modulo-64 counter which is maintained in the mobile station and updated at the mobile station upon receipt of an update order from the base station on the AVC or DTC).
The mobile station 62 of FIG. 3 may actually store a plurality of sets of cryptovariables, one for each MIN assigned to the mobile subscriber. To avoid roamer charges when travelling away from the "home" system, a mobile subscriber may subscribe to service from several systems at once and, hence, have multiple MINs issued by different "home" carriers (multiple subscriptions). When entering the service area of any of these carriers, the mobile subscriber selects the MIN issued by the corresponding carrier to be active in the mobile station (the mobile subscriber can alternate between MINs using the function key, for example). The mobile subscriber thus becomes a home subscriber in the new system for billing and all other purposes. For these multiple MIN mobile stations, multiple A-keys (and multiple sets of the other cryptovariables) are required, one for each MIN. This is due to the restrictions imposed by IS-54 to enhance the security of the A-key, as explained below.
Each home carrier stores the A-key and other cryptovariables for each home subscriber (a given MIN/ESN combination) in its HLR for use in authenticating the mobile station (at system access, for example) and in updating the SSD. According to IS-54, the A-key is known only to the mobile station and the HLR of the home carrier, and is not passed from system to system as the mobile subscriber roams. Thus, SSD updates (in which the A-key is used to generate new SSD values) are carried out only in the mobile station and its associated HLR, and not in the serving system. As shown in FIG. 3, when the mobile station is roaming, the serving system obtains copies of cryptovariables like COUNT, SSD-A and SSD-B (but not the A-key) for the mobile station from its associated HLR via the IS-41 intersystem link.
When the user of a multiple MIN mobile station travels from an old "home" system to a new "home" system and activates the MIN for the new system, the computation of SSD updates will shift from the old home system to the new home system. However, because the new home system does not have access to the A-key used in the old home system, the new home system cannot complete an SSD update in the mobile station (the A-key is needed to generate new SSD values). To allow SSD updates in a multiple MIN mobile station, a separate A-key must be issued for each MIN/ESN combination and stored in the HLR of the corresponding home system (since other cryptovariables, e.g., SSD-A and SSD-B, are derived from the A-key, each home system must also store a separate set of cryptovariables for the corresponding MIN/ESN combination).
Returning to FIG. 3, each home carrier will issue an A-key to the mobile subscriber. The carrier may give the value of the A-key to the mobile subscriber in person, by telephone, or through the mail (according to Appendix A to IS-54, the A-key is at least 6 but not more than 26 digits long). Once the mobile subscriber receives the A-key value from the carrier, the task of entering the A-key into the mobile station at block 64 is made relatively simple by the present invention, which provides a means (separate from NAM programming) to enter the A-key using the keypad 16 and the display 18 on the handset 10 of the mobile station (refer to the following discussion of FIG. 4 for a more detailed description of the A-key entry process). Once the A-key has been entered, a verification procedure (which is specified in Appendix A to IS-54) checks the accuracy of the manually-entered digits. As shown in FIG. 3, the entered A-key digits, along with an 8-bit constant called the Authentication Algorithm Version (AAV) stored in the mobile station and the ESN of the mobile station, are used as inputs to the CAVE algorithm 66 to validate the A-key. If the entered A-key is determined to be valid at decision block 68, the entered A-key digits are stored as the A-key for the currently-active. MIN.
Referring next to FIG. 4, a flow chart diagram of the steps executed in a mobile station during A-key entry in accordance with the present invention may now be seen. At block 70, the user enters the separate A-key programming mode through a short series of keystrokes (a special A-key access code) different from the series of keystrokes used to access the NAM programming mode. The exact sequence of keystrokes used to reach the separate A-key programming mode is not material to the present invention but, for practical purposes, should be made easy for the user to remember. For example, the A-key access code could be selected to correspond to the letters "A"--"K"--"E"--"Y" on the keypad 16 (the digits 2--5--3--9). The user can then simply press the sequence 2539 followed by the function key 30 (twice) to enter the A-key programming mode.
Once the user reaches the A-key programming mode, the user can proceed to enter the digits of the A-key. For multiple MIN mobile stations, a separate A-key must be entered for each MIN and, further, the A-key issued by a home carrier must be entered for the MIN assigned by this home carrier and not for another MIN in the mobile station. To make the process of entering and associating the proper A-key with the corresponding MIN easier, the mobile station (MS) at block 72 displays an indication of the currently-active MIN (the MIN for the system in which the mobile station is currently operating), before the user begins to enter the digits of the first A-key. It is not necessary, however, for the MS to display the currently-active MIN instead of some other MIN in the MS since the user can scroll between the different MINs by pressing the up and down keys 34. The steps executed in the MS will be the same regardless of which A-key is being entered.
Assuming that the currently-active MIN is the first MIN to be displayed upon entering the A-key programming mode, the display 18 may show, for example, all 10 digits of the currently-active MIN, or some other alphanumeric designation for this MIN (e.g., "1" or "A" or "MIN1" or "A-key? 1" for the first MIN, "2" or "B" or "MIN2" or "A-key? 2" for the second MIN, etc.), or a combination of both. At decision block 74, the MS determines whether the user has pressed the end key 22 to exit from the A-key programming mode. If the end key 22 is pressed, the MS will return to processing other tasks. Otherwise, the MS remains in the A-key programming mode, ready to accept entry of the A-key digits (the MS, however, may exit from the A-key programming mode if a predetermined amount of time elapses without any user activity).
At block 76, the user enters on the keypad 16 the six to twenty six digits of the A-key for the MIN indicated on the display 18 (the currently-active MIN, or another MIN to which the user has scrolled). When the user starts to enter the A-key digits, a part or all of the MIN indication may disappear from the display 18 to make room for displaying the A-key digits, which are displayed as they are being entered. If the user makes a mistake, he or she may clear all or part of the entered number by using the clear button 32. After the entire digit sequence has been keyed in, the user will press the store button 28 (twice) to store the complete number. At this point, the MS will validate the entered A-key through the CAVE algorithm.
At block 78, the CAVE algorithm is initialized with the entered A-key digits, ESN, and AAV, and then executed in the manner specified by Appendix A to IS-54. At decision block 80, the MS determines whether the A-key entered by the user is valid. If the entered A-key number is valid, the display 18 at block 82 will provide an indication of validity to the user (e.g., the word "valid" or "OK" on the display 18, or an audible positive tone out of the speaker 14), and the MS will associate the number with the corresponding MIN in memory (if an old A-key exists in memory, the new A-key will overwrite the old A-key). Conversely, if the entered A-key number is invalid, the display 18 at block 84 will provide an indication of invalidity to the user (e.g., the word "invalid" or the words "try again," or an audible negative tone). In either case, the user can press the end key 22 to exit the A-key programming mode, attempt to reenter the A-key correctly, or scroll to another MIN for entry of the corresponding A-key.
The foregoing detailed description shows only certain particular embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications and variations may be made without departing substantially from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it should be clearly understood that the form of the invention described herein is exemplary only and is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Patent Citations
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Lines impressing Freedman on trial in Exeter
Posted: July 13, 2011|
CHRIS Lines is closing in on a move to Crystal Palace after impressing manager Dougie Freedman on trial.
The Bristol Rovers midfielder has been training with the Eagles at their pre-season camp in Exeter this week and has really caught the eye of Freedman.
Lines is a player Palace have been tracking all summer following a recommendation from assistant manager Lennie Lawrence who worked with him during his time at the Memorial Stadium.
The 25-year-old was invited for a trial this week, alongside South African international Morgan Gould, and Freedman likes what he has seen.
"He hasn't done too badly at all," the Eagles boss told the Advertiser. "He's a runner from midfield, a bit like Neil Danns and I'm pleased with him so far."
Elsewhere, Palace have accepted a bid from Brighton Hove Albion for Owen Garvan and have given the midfielder permission to talk to their south coast rivals.
But Freedman has rubbished reports that an offer has come in for highly-rated full-back Nathaniel Clyne from Premier League Newcastle.
"It's not true," he said, "We haven't heard anything from them."


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You sometimes do test shoots for models. How do you know when a model has something special ?
The first thing which draws my attention is the glance of the model. The way she moves, the way she looks at me. Everything is in the intensity. Even if she does not know how to take a pose, if she communicates a message, I know we shall make a beautiful picture.
What does a good photographer do to make a model better?
He always keeps the model comfortable and relaxed. He always keeps strong verbal contact with her and a good rhythm.
What inspired you to take this path, and not, say, portraits or landscapes or street shots?
I have always been someone with a strong visual sense. I am often told in my private life that I observe things and people a lot. I think that becoming a photographer was the most obvious things to do for me. To capture and freeze my perception of the world surrounding me.
Has there been a moment in your life that changed everything for you? What was it?
I moved to Paris in July 2006. I spent my last seven years there, and just came back to Canada five months ago. While in Paris, I discovered and fell in love with the French fashion industry.
Tell us your favourite fashion photography campaigns of all time and why.
That's a good one. There's so many. I would say the last one to draw my attention is the Mulberry F/W 2013 Campaign. This campaign brought out the child in me.
Why is fashion important?
Clothes bring an additional dimension to the picture, and allows one to create a set of ideas. This is a universe which allows several people who work together to bring their own vision to the final image.
Name something that people do that's a crime for you.
HDR everywhere!
Finish these sentences:
You won't survive in this business unless… you can continue to imagine and create your own vision.
And I can't shoot unless… I've had my first two coffees.
And in the future, I hope to… continue to become better.


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The Tennessee Disability Determination Services (DDS) is a section within the Division of Rehabilitation Services of the Department of Human Services. The DDS operates by agreement between the State of Tennessee and the Social Security Administration to process Social Security and Supplemental Security Income disability claims. The DDS maintains effective working relationships with Social Security's Area Director's office, 30 district and branch offices, five Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) offices, medical and psychological associations, legislative offices, the legal community and other state and local organizations that serve the disabled. The DDS strives to provide all persons applying for disability benefits with an accurate decision, processing their claim promptly and providing assistance to the public in a courteous, helpful manner.
For more information on Social Security go to the following link: www.ssa.gov.
For a status on a pending disability claim, please contact our customer service line toll free at 1-800-342-1117.
For more information:
Telephone: (615) 743-7300
Toll-Free, in Tennessee: 1-800-342-1117
TTY: (Long Distance) 1-877-210-0008
Fax: (615) 253-2727
Fax (Long-Distance): 1-800-419-4290


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- Roma Rights: A Discussion with Magda Matache
- February 3, 2014 12:30pm - 2:00pm
- Perspectives from the classroom
- February 3, 2014 12:45pm - 2:00pm
- Coffee with Roma Rights Activist Magda Matache
- February 3, 2014 4:00pm - 5:30pm
- ACS Fireside Chat with Diane Chin
- February 3, 2014 6:30pm - 7:45pm
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On snobs, 19--
Physical Details: Notes : 1 p. : handwritten ; 28 x 22 cm.
Creator: Charles Green Shaw (1892-1974)
Description: Shaw's list includes ten types of snobs.
Forms part of: Charles Green Shaw papers, 1686, 1833-1979, bulk, 1909-1974
Rights Statement: Current copyright status is undetermined
Citation: On snobs, 19--
Digital ID: 9840
View all Image Gallery items from the Charles Green Shaw papers


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You see that little guy up there on the Gundestrup Cauldron? He's got clothes on, y'know. Striped V-neck shirt, striped britches to match. Studded belt, nice little shoes. And the bling! Not only is he wearing bling - he is holding up more bling for you to marvel at. Gangsta. Clearly this is a man who has taken some time to put himself together.
Unfortunately, I think a lot of Pagans must feel intimidated by his fashion sense. Why else would they deny him his wardrobe?
Maybe they're confusing him with Pan. That would certainly explain why modern artists are always slapping a boner on him, despite the fact that there are absolutely no artifacts in which Cernunnos is even nude to begin with, let alone aroused. (Don't even get me started on the goat legs.)
Or maybe they've bought into the story that he's a god of virility who has something or other to do with the Dagda. That kind of contradicts his equally popular image as a death-dealing hunter who has something or other to do with Herne. But that's okay because the Horned God has a light side and a dark side and some other completely unfounded made-up bullshit that no one cares about!
Maybe "the Horned God" was invented to act as some kind of fetish fuel. Maybe there are just a lot of overgrown children out there who believe that there is no work of art, secular or devotional, that could not be improved by the addition of some conspicuous male genitals. Maybe they're out to mentally and emotionally scar me forever. Maybe "Cernunnos/RamHornedSnake" is their OTP. Maybe they should all just go worship Freyr's proud erection and leave me the hell alone.
Hera, give me strength.


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The Seattle Sounders Fan Blog
A blog for fans of the Seattle Sounders Major League Soccer team.
Posts filtered on Tag
Sounders Defense Springs A Leak
The Sounders returned home from a well earned tie in Vancouver with a few days to prepare for their midweek match with the Columbus Crew. Nothing to worry about right? The Sounders had never lost to the Crew, and we all remember the 6-2 drubbing at Century Link last year. In the MLS one thing […] [Read More]
Montero Does Dallas!!!
And the sleeping dragon awakes! Fredy Montero takes so much heat throughout the season from Sounders fans. If things aren't going well for Seattle, take a moment to read the comment sections from fans of any news source in town and you will find the 'Fredy is lazy, he's slow, can't possess the ball, he's […] [Read More]
Sounders Defeat Dallas In Half Empty Stadium
It almost seemed as though there were more people on the flight down to Dallas than were at the match. It's unfortunate, because the stadium is quite nice, and you couldn't have asked for better weather for a Wednesday evening game. The announced attendance was 10,092, but to be honest I'd be surprised if there […] [Read More]
Different Lineup, Same Result
A different day, a different lineup, but the same result. After two days of non-stop rain it cleared up just in time for the match. And with only two days rest since their midweek defeat of the LA Galaxy the Sounders rolled out a new starting eleven. Making his first MLS start was goalkeeper Bryan […] [Read More]
Sounders Rule the Galaxy
OK, maybe the Sounders aren't the best team in the Galaxy, but they were certainly the best team at CenturyLink Field last night. Every team seems to have an opponent who just has their number. A team that year in and year out finds a way to beat you. The Sounders have dominated the Columbus […] [Read More]


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Hang tight!
Recipe by Aida
"Kind of like the Arab version of meatloaf... This is one of the most common Arabic recipes, that no Arab home is unfamiliar with! Goes great with garden salad. Enjoy!!"
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1 1/2 cups
vegetable oil for frying
1 large
potato, thinly sliced
2 pounds
ground beef
onion, minced
3 cloves
1/2 bunch
fresh parsley, chopped
1 1/2 teaspoons
1 1/2 teaspoons
ground black pepper
1 1/2 teaspoons
ground allspice
1 1/2 teaspoons
ground nutmeg
1 1/2 teaspoons
1 large
tomato, thinly sliced
onion, sliced
2 cups
long grain white rice
4 cups
this was very good. I don't like meatloaf but like mideast dishes due to the allspice that is found in many of the recipes. I only had 1.29# of ground sirloin. Kept all the measurements as written except for the salt which I reduced to 1 tsp. and a handful of chopped parsley. I think if I had used 2# it would have been a bit bland but I like hearty flavors. I was leary of equal parts nutmeg and allspice but one did not overpower the other. Served over basmati rice w/peas, and steamed garlic green beans. The potato picked up alot of the spice flavor which was nice. I think next time I will not bother to fry the potatoes, just shred them instead and spread over top. All the components complimented the rice nicely. I was tempted to add an egg for fear that it would be dry and tough d/t using ground sirloin, but it was not. I mixed the meat and let it set for about 2 hours for the flavors to blend and then proceeded with layering it and baking. Thank you for the interesting recipe.
I made the recipe as written and the meat came out really dry, even though tomatoes and onions released a bunch of liquid (which set on top). Overall the dish had a lot of heat but not a ton of flavor. I do not plan to make it again.
11 Ratings
I skipped frying the potatoes to save time. Just sliced them thinly and layered them on top. I had no problems with dryness or blandness like a few others have mentioned. This was really easy to throw together. I served it with pita instead of over rice. Tasty! Thanks for sharing!
This was just awesome--really different and fun to try. My husband and three year old son gobbled up this Middle Eastern meatloaf! I especially liked that no eggs were needed in the recipe (most "regular" meatloaf recipes call for them), as my son is allergic. Next time we'll buy some pita bread and other goodies to make this meal even better!
great recipe! i used 1.5 pounds of ground beef. very flavorful. way better than regular meat loaf!
AWESOME. WONDERFUL. Ever since I made this my husband asks for it quite often, my kids love it. Its not hard to make at all we just love this I cant wait to serve it to people THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! I love arab and indian food I am SO HAPPY to have found this recipe!!
This was very disappointing. I thought it seemed like a lot of spice for the amount of meat, but it was actually quite bland. And one hour was too long to bake this. The meat was dried out by then. The potatoes had an odd texture. Overall, we did not enjoy this and won't be making it again.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Serving Size: 1/4 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 4
Amount Per Serving
** Calories: 1626
** Calories from Fat: 1052
Hard to believe, but many kids will be back in school at the end of the month. Get ready.
You won't believe all the things you can do with cauliflower. It's a great low-carb option.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
See how to make a comfort food classic, Nashville-style.
A simple, no-fail beef meatloaf with a tangy topping that's ready in no time.
Discover the simple secrets to amazing, beefy meatloaf.


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Floyd R. Beck, 67, of 276 West Creek Road, St. Marys, died Tuesday, Nov. 23, 2010, at the UPMC Presbyterian Hospital in Pittsburgh following a brief illness.
He was born Aug. 1, 1943, in DuBois, son of the late James R. and Hilda Carlson Beck.
On April 27, 1968, in the St. Mary's Church, he married Susan M. Gerg, who preceded him in death on Oct. 18, 2010.
Edith A. Olson, 91, of 645 Evergreen Rd., St. Marys, died on Sunday, Nov. 21, 2010, at the Pinecrest Manor following a lengthy illness.
She was born Sept. 28, 1919, in Johnsonburg, daughter of the late Lewis Percy and Mary Elizabeth Gardner Weber.
On Nov. 19, 1982, in the Queen of the World Church, she married Robert J. Olson, who survives.
BENEZETTE – Members of the Pennsylvania Game Commission, Delaware-based Tri-State Bird Rescue and private citizens, including Andy and Kay Mattone of Tarentum, gathered at the Elk Country Visitor Center in Benezette on Tuesday afternoon to witness the release of a golden eagle.
The eagle was believed to have been struck by a vehicle along SR 555 near Benezette in mid-October and was treated at the Tri-State Bird Rescue in Delaware. After a lengthy rehabilitation process, the eagle was finally healthy and ready to be released.
St. Marys Area High School sophomore Adair Gennocro and Elk County Catholic High School freshman Kennedy Weisner were named to the Pennsylvania Track and Field Coaches Association (PTFCA) all-state cross country second team.
Gennocro, who won the District 9-AA individual championship, placed third third overall at the PIAA meet held Nov. 6. During the 2010 season, she also set four course records at the St. Marys Area, District 9, Brookville and Punxsutawney courses.
The Curwensville Golden Tide will meet the Port Allegany Gators for the District 9 Class A football championship either this Friday or Saturday at a site and time to be announced.
Curwensville handed the Cameron County Raiders a 22-13 loss Saturday evening in the second game of a doubleheader played at Brockway.
In the first game, Port Allegany eliminated the Redbank Valley Bulldogs by a 24-17 score.
After a scoreless first quarter, Curwensville outscored the Raiders by a 15-13 margin in the second period of play.
The Cellular Connection, a premium Verizon Wireless retailer, is opening its doors Wednesday at three area stores in St. Marys, Ridgway and Brookville.
Grand openings are starting at 10 a.m., with the stores featuring all of their Black Friday sales on "White Wednesday," a term which District Manager Abie VanAlstine created in anticipation of Black Friday.
Refreshments will be provided at the event, as well as a radio remote broadcast from the St. Marys store and ribbon-cutting ceremonies.
Pennsylvania's bear population has been steadily increasing for the past decade and according to Matthew Lovallo, wildlife biologist with the Pennsylvania Game Commission, there were estimated to be between 17,000 and 19,000 black bears in the state prior to this year's three-day bear hunting season.
"In terms of bear population, we have more bears now than we ever had in Pennsylvania," Lovallo said.
Preserving the past for the future was a theme Alissa Fleming and Julia Scacchitti embraced as they worked on their Girl Scout Gold Award project, which entailed digitizing all of the Crystal Fire Department's archives.
The Elk County Catholic High School seniors began their project in January 2008 and finished in August. The bulk of their efforts consisted of scanning photos and articles from as far back as the 1960s.
"We needed 65 hours for the project and we went above and beyond that," Fleming said.
Christine M. Schloder, 43, of 2926 Maple Lane, Wilcox, died on Saturday, Nov. 20, 2010 following a brief illness.
She was born July 21, 1967 in St. Marys, a daughter of Thomas Schloder and Diane Arnold Schloder, both of St. Marys, who survive.
Sharon E. Jerko, 79, of 135 Laurel Lane, Kersey, died Sunday morning, Nov. 21, 2010 at the Elk Haven Nursing Home after a lengthy illness.
She was born July 15, 1931 in Hallton, daughter of the late George and Geraldine Dobson Zimmerman.
On Aug. 20, 1955, in St. Leo's Church, Ridgway, she married George R. Jerko, who survives.


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There was 4 different types of pizza on the menu. I had the 14in pizza split with their House pizza and the other half BBQ Chicken. The House pizza had 5 different cheeses, crust was garlicky and it was cooked perfectly in the wood fired oven. The five cheese pizza included Ricotta, Mozzarella, Parmesan, Asiago and Pecorino. All of these worked amazingly well together. The BBQ chicken was good but had too many onions on it for my liking. The BBQ sauce they use is spicy and for someone like me who has a higher tolerance for spice than the average person, I thought it was a bit too spicy but had an excellent taste. The Tortellini Pasta I tried was stuffed with spinach with mushrooms and onions on top...once again too many onions as with the pizza but its really not a big deal....just my personal preference. This pasta is homemade and cooked to perfection. It almost seemed like I walked into a restaurant which had been in business for years. How could this be this spot on first night of soft opening? Every thing we had had minor flaws but nothing structurally wrong with anything.
I actually had room for desert which is kind of odd when I go out and eat. You get the waitress that comes over and tries to sell you more and says something like "you got any room for desert?" My answer is usually no...emphatically nooooooo. This time was different and I wasn't stuffed but I was satisfied and was confident I indeed had room for some deserts. I was able to try some of the Cappuccino Raspberry Torte. This is super rich for my liking...however I could not stop eating it. The Creme Brulee was the star of this desert lineup...perfect...don't know what else to say about it.
I walked out of a place that had their first day of service and feel like they executed everything pretty well for their test of this soft opening. Overall everyone working there from the hostess, waitress, random cooks and staff that came by to check on everyone was excellent. Everyone is trained right and that reflects back to the owner, Chef Steve Warner. I can see myself coming back here a few times more because Tiu Steppi's is unique to this area and if this soft opening is any indication of what will become, I cant wait to try more.


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There are 3 small very strong magnets placed downside of the bag.
This way you can easily take apart your tank bag as a backpack.
Step 1: Gathering Tools
1-A backpack which is not bigger than your tank.
2-Very strong magnets, you need 3 pieces and the surfaces must be clean and polish.
3-Tools for needlework
Step 2: Removing Magnets From The Harddrives
Remove disk plates
Take out two chassis, (3)
Remove the magnet core from the chassis (4)
And finally you have the strong small magnets.
There are two per drive.
Step 3:
Shape is like beam, and placed the rounded part to the corner of the bag.
Test 3 magnets after this step with your fingers.
They have to be really polish and soft,
!!!!be careful non polish magnet can scratch your tank badly!!!!
All done! Test it on your tank!


text:
McCain: NH win sealed Romney's GOP nomination
Mitt Romney will go head-to-head with current President Barack Obama in the 2012 election, said Meghan McCain.
The political columnist and daughter of famed Arizona senator John McCain appeared on News-Talk 92.3 KTAR's Mac & Gaydos Show Tuesday to talk about the election and the New Hampshire primary results.
"Charming is really the word I would use to describe Romney," said McCain, who spent time with Romney, his family and his staff during the presidential election in 2008 when Romney supported her father's campaign.
In McCain's opinion, Romney is a capable leader who has the potential to remove Obama from the White House.
According to McCain, the GOP nomination race is all but over.
"It will be done in a matter of weeks," said said, shortly after Romney was predicted the winner of the latest primary.


text:
Coverage: CBS
1:00 PM ET, October 21, 2012
Ralph Wilson Stadium, Buffalo, NY
Top Performers
Passing: R. Fitzpatrick (BUF) - 225 YDS, 3 TD, 1 INT
Rushing: C. Johnson (TEN) - 18 CAR, 195 YDS, 2 TD
Receiving: S. Johnson (BUF) - 5 REC, 71 YDS, 1 TD
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