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Are you a book snob?
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By: Tammy February
2013-10-28 14:12
So, not too long ago I read an article that basically amounted to saying that E-books are driven by "Downmarket" genre fiction. By downmarket she means all fiction that aren't highbrow, prize-winning or classic literature.
Of course, the article raised a lot of heckles and the poor soul who wrote that article came under fire from readers everywhere.
It seems that there is an inherent snobbishness that exists amongst people, which results in many readers being ashamed of admitting that they love reading books that fall in any other category besides intellectual tomes.
We posed the following questions to our readers:
Are you a book snob? Have you ever been made to feel bad about what you're reading? And do you hide what you read so that people don't judge you?
Here are some of their thoughts and responses:
For the love of prize-winning literature
Hmmmm. Maybe I am a book snob, but I honestly DO enjoy the prize winning variety more than any other. Most of the time anyway.
Occasionally I will read, and even enjoy, something more 'lowbrow' (apologies!) but most of the time when I do I just get annoyed with the naïve style / transparent plot / bad writing, etc.
Nothing wrong with the young adult genre for an adult, though; as long as it is well written! I have read some beautiful YA books, and I am double your age, Tammy!
(It should be noted here that I confessed to being a huge fan of Young Adult literature)
Hiding the self-help reads
I will admit to hiding ridiculous self-help books in the TV cabinet when I hit the dating scene after a miserable breakup. One has no choice, unless you want to be branded as a bunny-in-the-pot type and never get that call for a second date.
I thought buying a copy of Umberto Eco's Foucault's Pendulum some years ago was rather suave. However, take your review of A S Byatt's book, treble the intricacies, explanations and scientific diatribe by three and you'd still not know what the hell is potting in Foucault's Pendulum. Well, I certainly didn't. It was just way too academic to enjoy.
For the rest, I at times buy books that are causing a hype in the media – only to realise that the hype is about as overrated as a US box office hit that is yet to screen at local cinemas. By the time it reaches us, our expectations are so ridiculously high, that we are left feeling pangs of after-matric-ball disappointed. I think this ring true of books due to the fact one's taste in literature differs from that of the next person. It's much like a cat – a very personal pet.
The sexist book snob
Never mind book snobs what about Sexist Book Snobs?
A friend of mine at our monthly book club gathering listened with great interest while I read the back page of my latest purchase. "Oh that sounds right up my Dad's alley" she said. "Please may I borrow it for him?"
Obviously, I had no problem and duly handed over the book. Instant shock and horror on her face when she saw the author. "But this is a woman!" she cried. And the problem is ….??? Well, apparently, her father is of the opinion that women can't write good literature and that we're only good for (and I quote) "the fluff stuff!"
Well, eclectic reader that I am, I CERTAINLY would debate that. I do agree that women can tune-in to their lighter side AND make a decent living of it, but what about our Austens, Brontes, Kellerman, Eliot et al? Do they not warrant a mention? Grrr!
Sexist book snobs are the worst!
It's all a matter of personal taste
I think being a book snob is subjective - if you want the world only to see you reading highly intellectual/ thought-provoking works - fine by me. That is why there are so many choices out there! To cater for everyone's needs.
In my case, my work is challenging. Even my personal live can be challenging with a toddler pushing 2.
My (maybe-not-so) secret indulgence is a "mindless" chicklit fiction novel. (You said trashy in your newsletter - I say tomato, you say tomatoh). I can lose myself in a novel where you can kind of predict the end (they always end up together) with a couple of unexpected twists and turns and maybe a good couple of laughs as well.
When I tell people this is my genre of choice I always try to describe it in the light of a Bridget Jones diary set up (but in some cases even that may be more elegant).
The point is chicklit works for me, for now. I have gone through phases where I though Harry Potter, Twilight and the Girl with the dragon tattoo series were the best books EVER but often I have lost myself equally in books by authors I have never even heard about.
Lastly, my new rule (with the compliments of samples from Amazon via my Kindle) is the one chapter rule. If after one chapter I am not engaged or curious or entertained by the writing style, I will stop reading and move on. Life is too short to "battle" through a book. There are so many out there waiting to be read and I am moving on eagerly to meet my latest Prince Charming.
I hide what I love reading most
I love young adult, historical romance, Twilight, Hunger games, horror and even paranormal romance. And yes, I do hide it.
My husband would only consider looking at a book if it is non-fiction and I have friends who come over and look at my bookshelf and say they also only read non-fiction. I am almost made to feel "down there" intellectually because I enjoy those books.
Don't get me wrong, I also read non-fiction and other more highly acclaimed books. The difference is I read books I want to read and because it catches my attention. Not because it won some prize. I wish I could just say stuff it but I find it very difficult :)
Are you a book snob? Or do you secretly hide what you read to avoid having people make you feel bad about your genre preferences? Share your thoughts with us below.
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movie maniacs iii monster roster growing
Wednesday, December 15, 1999
Movie Maniacs III Monster Roster Growing
Edward Scissorhands, The Fly Added to Collection
December 15, 1999
EDWARD SCISSORHANDS(click above for larger image)
McFarlane Toys is frightened to announce two new additions to the popular Movie Maniacs line of action figures: The Fly character from the classic 1986 David Cronenberg film "The Fly, "and the Edward Scissorhands character from Tim Burton's 1990 movie of the same name.
The Fly and Edward Scissorhands join the roster of Ash from Sam Raimi's "Army of Darkness," Snake Plissken of "Escape from L.A." fame and The Thing from John Carpenter's movie of the same name.
McFarlane Toys is in negotiations for the final character of the Movie Maniacs III line. Watch this space for an announcement of the final figure.
Movie Maniacs has been one of McFarlane Toys' most popular action figure lines, appealing to both collectors and people who dig scary movies. Launched in 1998, the original Movie Maniacs line included Freddy (from "Nightmare on Elm Street" series), Jason Vorhees (from "Friday the 13th" series), Leatherface (from "Texas Chainsaw Massacre"), and Eve and Patrick from "Species."
The original line was offered in two versions: "regular" and "extra-bloody." Both versions quickly sold out, with Freddy, Jason and Leatherface being the most popular.
In 1999, Movie Maniacs II was launched, featuring The Crow (from "The Crow"), Ghostface (from "Scream"), Michael Myers (from the "Halloween" series), Chucky (of "Child's Play" fame) and Pumpkinhead (from the "Pumpkinhead" series).
Movie Maniacs II quickly sold out and plans are under way for a small reproduction run to meet additional demand.

subset: commoncrawl


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Thursday, July 25, 2013
A 7-year-old boy was taken to a local hospital after being bitten by a neighbor's dog on July 7.
The boy was chased and bitten by a neighbor's pit bull off Sarah Drive in the Boulder Bluff neighborhood around 2 p.m., according to a Goose Creek Police Department incident report.
A police officer responded and noticed a bite mark on the boy's right leg that appeared fresh and was still bloody. The boy was transported to Trident Hospital for further treatment.
The complainant, the victim's uncle, said he was inside the residence when he heard his nephew yelling. He went to the backyard and saw the pit bull on the property.
He grabbed an object from the ground and started swinging at the dog to scare it away. The complainant said his neighbors' daughters came out of their residence and secured the canine.
The officer noted that the fence appeared to be missing a piece of wood. By the time the officer photographed the fence it appeared the missing wood on the fence had been replaced.
Two police officers and an animal control officer spoke with the owner of the canine and told her the dog must be quarantined with absolute supervision until DHEC could respond and further evaluate the dog.
The animal control officer cited the owner for lack of restraint on her canine.
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There are 52 virtues. As stated on the author's website: "Love. Kindness. Justice. Service. Virtues are the very meaning and purpose of our lives, the content of our character and the truest expression of our souls. For people of all cultures, ethnicities and beliefs, they are the essence of authentic success." More about the virtues project can be found on their website: www.virtuesproject.org
The virtues program is an extension of the principles we share. The center is blessed to have a trained virtues facilitator on our team. Iris Sauber, spiritual leader said, "we have decided to open our funday school to all children. Incorporating this program gives children useful tools and ideas with which to build their character and future success. In the larger community, these virtues support creating a world that is good for all. This is one of our center's core values—creating a world that is good for all life."
While the program is free for the children of all of our attendees, there is a $10 fee to parents who bring their children but do not attend our adult services. The program takes place the same time as our adult service which is from 10:30am-11:30am each Sunday. Our Celebration of Life services are held at the 430 Main St, Reisterstown, MD 21136. For more information on our virtues program, you can contact Susi Church, our virtues facilitator, at 410-363-2263 or our center office 410-318-8877
Children's program will start again in January 2014 once a month. Check to see which week.


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In Flash Professional CS5 Essential Training, author Todd Perkins explains the fundamentals of Flash Professional CS5, the industry standard for creating animations and interactive applications for the web, desktop, and mobile devices. This course starts with the basics, such as using the drawing tools to create simple animations, and progresses to automating animation with tweens and adding interactivity with ActionScript. This course also covers how to add sound and video to projects, enhance realism with effects like easing, and publish a project to a variety of platforms. Exercise files are included.
Flash is an industry standard tool for creating rich media content, including animations and applications for the web, desktop, and for mobile devices. One of the most common things people create with Flash are banner ads. So, you'll see banner ads all the over the web, and you can use Flash to create them. Most major websites that deliver video content use Flash as a delivery platform. So, Flash is often used to display video on the web. You'll see Flash on the web for slideshows, for photography websites.
Flash based slideshows can have music and interactivity. So, Flash can create a vast array of rich media content and publish to a variety of platforms.
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Oct. 1, 2006
HANOVER, N.H.- The Holy Cross men's golf team placed ninth out of 12 teams at the Dartmouth Invitational at the Hanover Country Club. Junior Matt Czarnecki (Greenwich, Conn.) led the Crusaders as he tied for 13th place with a two-round score of 154. The Crusaders finished the two-day tournament with a total of 635, while Binghamton won the event with a 596.
Freshman Anthony Ardito (Portland, Maine) had the second best score for the Crusaders with a 159 which was good enough for a tie for 31st place, while junior Joe Hajjar (Mahwah, N.J.) shot a 161 for a tie for 37th. Senior Jared Dolan (North Reading, Mass.) tied for 53rd with a 167 and senior Chris Gorczyca (Mashpee, Mass.) placed 60th with a 171.
The Crusaders will return to action on October 7-8, when they compete at the Army Mulekicker Classic at the West Point Golf Course in West Point, N.Y.


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For the fan who can't afford Captain Kirk's chair, the USS Enterprise four-light pendant is a little more affordable and will light up any dining occasion.
As reported byLamps USA, although the so-called novelty lighting doesn't specifically reference Star Trek, it doesn't take a Spock-like intelligence to see from where they got the idea for the hanging light. (more…)


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A dosage form for ophthalmic drugs is disclosed. The dosage form is a suspension of 10 to 300 micron particles in a liquid medium. The particles are made up of drug enclosed within a drug release rate-controlling material which bioerodes in the environment of the eye.
Reclamaciones disponible en
Descripci¾n (El texto procesado por OCR puede contener errores)
United States Patent 1191 Shell Oct. 21, 1975 OPHTHALMIC DOSAGE FORM, FOR
RELEASING MEDICATION OVER TIME [75] Inventor: John W. Shell, Los Altos, Calif.
[73] Assignee: ALZA Corporation, Palo Alto,
[22] Filed: June 14, 1973 [21] App1.N0.: 369,916
[52] US. Cl. 424/32; 128/260; 128/272; 424/19; 424/20; 424/37 [51] Int. Cl. A61K 27/12 [58] Field of Search 424/19-22, 424/32 38; 128/260, 272
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,861,920 11/1958 Dale et al. 424/238' x 3,081,233 3/1963 Enz et al 424/243 X 3,143,472 8/1964 Lappas et a1. 424/33 3,329,574 7/1967 Barron et al...... 424/37 3,574,820 4/1971 Johnson et a1 424/22 3,618,604 11/1971 NbSS 128/260 3,630,200 12/1971 l-liguchi. 128/260 3,640,741 2/1972 Etes 106/170 3,641,237 2/1972 Gould et al. 424/16 3,755,558 8/1973 Scribner 424/47 3,773,919 11/1973 Boswell. et al.... 424/19 3,81 1,444 5/1974 Heller et a1. 128/260 3,826,258 7/1974 Abraham 128/260 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Speiser, P., Chem. Abst. 67 No. 14813n, 1967.
Primary Examiner-Shep R. Rose Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Paul L. Sabatine; William H. Benz; Edward L. Mandell 4 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures US. Patent 0a. 21, 1975 3,914,402
l-;-+ 200 MICRONS OPHTHALMIC DOSAGE FORM, FOR RELEASING MEDICATION OVER TIME BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to an improved dosage form for ophthalmic drugs. More particularly it relates to a new ocular dosage form which is easy to use and which achieves a controlled release of drug to the eye over a prolonged period of time.
2. The Prior Art Most ocular treatments call for the administration of medicaments topically to the tissues of the ocular cavity. These medicaments have, in the prior art, assumed a wide range of forms.
The most common dosage form for ophthalmic medicaments is liquid drops. Liquid drops may be found for example, in over-the-counter ocular decongestants, such as Murine, and Visine, and in anti-glaucoma solutions, such as /2 percent, 1 percent and 2 percent aqueous solutions of pilocarpine salts. The liquid drop dosage form is easy to use, but suffers from the disadvantage that the medication it contains is rapidly washed from the ocular cavity by tear flow, so that a continuous sustained level of medication is not achieved. Also, periodic application of eye drops results in the eye receiving a massive, but unpredictable, amount of medication at each time of application. The result of this intermittent administration and rapid washing is that the level of medication surges to a peak at the time the drops are applied then the drug concentration drops rapidly. Thus, a plot of medication concentration in the eye versus time has the appearance of a series of peaks of drug level which may surpass the toxic threshold of the drug separated by extended valleys of drug level below the critical level needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
Suspensions of particles of drug in liquids have been widely used as well; for example, hydrocortisone acetate and prednisolone acetate are typical of drugs presently marketed as suspensions. These suspensions usually contain preservatives, isotonicity adjusters, and suspending and dispersing agents. Present day suspensions present a variety of problems. First, they generally may only be made with relatively water-insoluble drugs, since soluble drugs form saturated solutions which have higher tonicities than the eye can easily adapt to. Also, the rate of release from the particles of the suspension is related to the rate of solubility of the drug so that one dosage rate along may be obtained with a given drug. In the majority of cases this one rate of delivery is not ideal.
Other dosage forms have been proposed, most on the basis that they give a more prolonged release of drug to the eye. These dosage forms include ointment; lamellae of glycerinated gelatin, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 273,410 issued Mar. 6, 1883; and other similar dosage forms. These dosage forms give an only marginally more sustained drug release than do liquid drops and most particularly, do not give a constant release pattern; additionally they suffer the disadvantages of being difficult to sterilize and apply and often causing blurring of vision.
Recently developed ophthalmic drug delivery systems, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,416,530 patented Dec. 17, 1968 and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,618,604 patented Nov. 9, 1971, do give true controlled deliveries of drug. The ophthalmic drug delivery systems of these patents are unitary ocular inserts, several millimeters in size which are placed in the upper or lower sac of the eye to deliver a complete ophthalmic dosage regimen for a period of 24 hours or longer.
While these ocular inserts do deliver drug to the eye continuously and in a controlled manner, there remain improvements to be made. Many patients, especially the farsighted elderly have difficulty'inserting or removing ocular inserts. Also the large unitary ocular inserts are at times accidentally ejected from the ocular cavity by the blinking action of the eyelids.
It would indeed by desirable to provide a dosage form which combined the ease of administration of liquid drops with the improved drug release characteristics of ocular inserts.
STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, a new ophthalmic dosage form is provided which combines the ease of administration of liquid drops with the improved drug release characteristics of drug releasing ocular inserts. This new dosage form for ophthalmic drugs comprises a suspension of solid particles in a liquid medium, said particles comprising ophthalmic drug enclosed within a bioerodible drug release rate controlling material. These particles are from 10 to 300 microns in largest dimension.
In one embodiment, the particles each comprise a body of drug-impermeable bioerodible release ratecontrolling material containing a drug dispersed throughout,-whichmaterial bioerodes at a controlled rate over a prolonged period of time in response to the environment of the eye, thereby releasing the dispersed drug at a controlled rate over a prolonged period of time.
In another embodiment, the particles each comprise single depots of drug microencapsulated by a drugimpermeable bioerodible drug release rate controlling material which material bioerodes at a controlled rate over a prolonged period of time in response to the environment of the eye, thereby releasing the microencapsulated drug at a controlled rate over a prolonged period of time.
In yet other embodiments, the particles comprise either a drug-containing body or microcapsule made of a bioerodible material through which the drug is permeable at a controlled rate for a prolonged period of time.
Although the solid particles of the suspension are small enough to be passed from the ocular cavity through the punctum, this does not in fact happen. Instead the particles of the suspension painlessly disperse and lodge in the soft tissues which line the surfaces of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The drawing contains four drawings.
FIG. 1 is a magnified view of ophthalmic suspension in accord with this invention showing in partial crosssectional view one type of useful particle.
FIG. 2 is a view like FIG. 11 showing in partial crosssectional view another type of useful particle.
FIG. 3 is a view like FIG. 1 showing in perspective view yet another type of useful particle.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a containerfor mixing and administering the suspensions of this invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In its simplest form, the present dosage form includes a liquid medium and a substantial plurality of to 300 micron sized particles containing drug and a drug release rate-controlling substance. The liquid medium employed in the present suspension dosage form may be an aqueous or non-aqueous ophthalmically acceptable sterile liquid. Suitable non-aqueous liquid media include the physiologically acceptable oils such as silicone oil, USP mineral oil, white oil, and vegetable oils, for example corn oil, peanut oil, or the like. An aqueous medium is generally preferred.
The dosage form optionally contains a variety of other materials to adjust pl-I, render the medium isotonic, preserve the dosage form and the like. Preservative agents include benzalkonium chloride in a concentration of from l:l5,000 to l:30,000; chlorobutanol, in a concentration of from 0.3 percent to 0.8 percent; thimerosol, in a concentration of from 0.001 percent to 0.003 percent; and phenyl mercuric nitrate, in a concentration range of from l:60,000 to 1280,000. Agents may be added to increase viscosity, promote suspension and/or improve ocular compatibility, such as methyl cellulose in an amount of from 0.1 percent to 0.7 percent or poly(vinyl alcohol) in an amount of from 0.4 percent to 2 percent. These and other additive materials are known in the art and are generally described in the book Contact Lens Practice by Robert B. Mandell (Charles C. Thomas, 1965) at pages 159-165, which description is herein incorporated by reference.
The particles which are suspended in the liquid medium contain at minimum, drug surrounded by a bioerodible drug release rate-controlling material. As used herein, a drug release rate-controlling material is defined to be a material which, when fully surrounding a particle of physiologically active drug, prevents the drug from exhibiting its physiological activity or limits the rate at which the drug may diffuse into the ocular environment. Only when the surrounding drug release rate-controlling material is disrupted or when the drug diffuses through the rate-controlling material may the enclosed drug be released. As used herein the term drug release rate-controlling material is intended to include only those materials which truly function as just set forth. Fillers, binders and the like, known to the art are not included within these materials. If the particles are to painlessly lodge in the ocular tissues and to deliver drugs at a controlled rate they must be of a size of from 10 microns to 300 microns in largest dimension,
preferably from microns to 200 microns in largest dimension. The particles should also be sized such that a substantial plurality of particles (such as 100 or more) are delivered with each administration, to ensure a uniform delivery.
The drug release rate-controlling material must be bioerodible, that is, it must innocuously disintegrate or break down from a unit structure or enclosure over a prolonged period of time in response to the environment of the eye by one or more physical or chemical degradative processes, for example, enzymatic action, hydrolysis, ion exchange, or dissolution by solubilization, emulsion formation or micelle formation.
Likewise the term bioerode is defined as the method by which such disintegration takes place. Bioerosion of the release rate-controlling material serves two purposes, not only may it release enclosed drug at a controlled rate but also it prevents a build-up of particles in the tissues of the ocular cavity.
In the particles of the suspensions of this invention are employed bioerodible materials which are nontoxic and compatible with the drug used, and which are capable of forming films which wholly surround and enclose drug particles. Exemplary of the materials which can be employed are:
l Polyesters Polyesters of the general formula:
and mixtures thereof, wherein:
W is a radical of the formula CI-I or f CH-and;
Y has a value such that the molecular weight of the polymer is from about 4,000 to 100,000 may be employed as release rate-controlling materials.
These polymers are polymerization condensation products of monobasic hydroxy acids of the formula:
C,,H2,,(OH) COOH wherein n has a value of 1 or 2, especially lactic acid and glycolic acid. Also included are copolymers derived from mixtures of these acids. The preparation of polymers of the formula I per se forms no part of the present invention. Several procedures are available and reported by Filachione, et a1, Industrial and Engineerirzg Chemistry, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp.223228, (March 1944; Tsuruta, et a1, Macramol. Chem., Vol 75, pp.2l1-214 (1964) and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,703,316; 2,668,162; 3,297,033; and 2,676,945. These polymers are hydrophobic and substantially impermeable to most drugs. Thus, they function best in particles which release encapsulated drug by an erosion mechanism. This application is related to copending US. application Ser. No. 248,168 filed on Apr. 27, 1972, now US. Pat. No. 3,867,519 issued on Feb. 18, 1975 and assigned to the same assignee as this application. Application Ser. No. 248,168 disclosed bioerodible ocular devices of polylactic acid microencapsulated chloramphenicol which erode in the eye. 2. Cross-Linked Gelatin Gelatin is obtained by the selective hydrolysis of collagen, as is well known, and comprises a complex mixture of high molecular weight water soluble proteins. As used herein, the term cross-linked gelatin means the reaction product of gelatin or a gelatin derivative with a cross-linking agent which is reactive with either the hydroxyl, carboxyl or amino functional groups of the gelatin molecule but is substantially unreactive with the peptide linkages of the gelatin molecule. The product of cross-linking reaction preferably has an average molecular weight of from 20 to 50,000 between crosslinks, while higher values can also be employed. These reaction products bioerode in the environment of the eye over a prolonged period of time.
Cross-linked gelatin materials and their preparations are well known. The degree of gelatin cross-linking is dependent upon te processing conditions employed and markedly affects the gelatins bioerodibility. This application is related to copending U.S. application Ser. No. 179,129 filed on Sept. 9, 1971 which application is assigned to the same assignee as this application and discloses ocular devices made of cross-linked gelatin. Application Ser. No. 179,129 is cross-referenced in U.S. Pat. No. 3,867,519.
Exemplary cross-linking agents are: aldehydes, such as monoaldehydes, e.g. C C aldehydes, dialdehydes, epoxides, para-benzene quinone, and aqueous peroxydisulfate.
Aldehydes and ketones, especially the 1 to 4 carbon aldehydes and ketones are preferred, with formaldehyde being a most preferred across linking agent.
Irradiation is another suitable method for crosslinking gelatin; see for example Y. Tomoda and M. Tsuda, J. Poly. Sci., 54,321 (1961).
The reactive hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups are respectively present in gelatin in the appropriate amounts of 100, 75 and 50 meq per 100 grams. These quantities may serve as a general guide in determining the amount of cross-linking agent to be used.
Cross-linked gelatin is relatively permeable to ocular fluid so that diffusion of drug through gelatin may take place to some extent. Thus, cross-linked gelatin is a good example of a release rate-controlling material which releases drug by a diffusion mechanism.
3. Polyacids A third typical group of drug release rate-controlling materials is made up of a certain class of poly(carboxylic acids). These polyacids are characterized as being hydrophobic when unionized and compatible with the tissues of the eye and as having a specified proportion of carboxylic hyrogens.
Suitable poly(carboxylic acids) are the hydrophobic polyacids which are represented by the general formula:
wherein: the Rs are organic radicals independently selected to provide an average of from 8 to 22 total carbon atoms for each carboxylic hydrogen. Variations of this ratio within this range can vary the bioerosion and drug release rates of drug particles prepared from these polymeric acids. Organic radicals represented by R, R .R" may be selected from hydrocarbon radicals and hetero-atom containing organic radicals. Suitable hetero-atoms for employment in R R R" can include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorous as well as other hetero-atoms so long as the required hydrophobicity and carbon to carboxylic hydrogen average ratio is maintained. The value of n and hence the average molecular weight of the polymer is not critical and may vary over a wide range. Suitable molecular weights, for example, range from about 10,000 to about 800,000. Materials within this range bioerode to products which may be easily and innocuously passed from the environment of the eye. Preferred molecular weights are from about 15,000 to about 500,000. These poly(carboxylic acids) materials and their preparation and fabrication are more fully described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 318,891 of Heller and Baker, filed Dec. 27, 1972, and now U.S. Pat. No. 3,811,444 dated May 21, 1974 which application is herein incorporated by reference. U.S. Pat. No. 3,81 1,444 and this application Ser. No. 369,916 are assigned to the same assignee. The patent pertains to ocular inserts containing different ocular drugs in varying amounts, with the insert having varying dimensions and prepared from many reagents. The patent discloses the in vivo erosion rates for inserts and the examples numbers in the Table below correspond to the example numbers in the patent. In the Table, number 1 through 5 are alkanol half esters of maleic acid. Examples 7 through 14 are the alkanol half esters of poly(vinyl methyl ether maleic acid). The patent also discloses other inserts prepared from different reagents with the erosion rates measured in vitro and in simulated ocular environments. These examples are incorporated herein by reference.
A preferred group of polyacid release ratecontrolling materials comprise hydrophobic polymers of an acid selected from acrylic acid, lower alkyl acrylic acids of from 4 to 6 carbon atoms per monomeric unit, and maleic acid either alone or copolymerized with up to about 2 moles, per mole of acid, of a copolymerizable olefinically unsaturated group such as ethylene or lower (1 to 4 carbon) alkyl vinyl ethers wherein from about 20 percent to 90 percent of the acid groups have been esterified with an alkanol of from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and wherein the ratio of total carbon atoms to acidic carboxylic hydrogens is in the range of from about 9:1 to about 20:1.
An even more preferred group of poly(carboxylic acids) comprise the hydrophobic partially esterified copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or maleic acid with from 0.2 to 1.5 moles, per mole of acid, of ethylene or lower (1-4 carbon) alkyl vinyl ether having from about 35 percent to about percent of their total carboxylic groups esterified with lower alkanol of from about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, said copolymers having a carbon to acidic carboxylic hydrogen ratio of from about 10:1 to about 15:1.
A group of poly(carboxylic acids) most preferred for use as rate controlling materials in accord with the present invention comprise hdyrophobic copolymers of maleic acid with about one mole, per mole of maleic acid, of ethylene or methyl vinyl ether, said copolymer having about half of its total carboxyl groups esterified with a lower monoalkanol of from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein the carbon to acidic carboxylic hydrogen ratio has a value of from about 10:1 to about 14:1. These poly(carboxylic acids) are generally drug-impermeable and thus are another example of a material which releases drug at a controlled rate by erosion.
These materials are considered illustrative. Any bioerodible material which is compatible with the drug, non-toxic and which has the desired encapsulation, diffusion and erosion properties might also be used. The polyesters, cross-linked gelatins and polyacids set forth herein are preferred as release rate-controlling materials.
Drugs suitable for incorporation in the particles of the suspension, consistent with their known dosages and uses, are without limitation solid ophthalmic drugs including: antibiotics such as tetracycline, chlortetracycline, bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin, gramicidin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, penicillin, and erythromycin; antibacterials such as sulfonamides, sulfacetamide, sulfamethizole and sulfisoxazole; antivirals, including idoxuridine; and other antibacterial agents such as nitrofurazone and sodium propionate; anti-allergenics such as antazoline, methapyriline, chlorpheniramine, pyrilamine and prophenpyridamine; anti-inflammatories such as hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone acetate, dexamethasone, dexamethasone 21- phosphate, fluocinolone, medrysone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone 2l-phosphate, prednisolone acetate, fluorometholone, betamethasone and triamcinolone; decongestants such as phenylephrine, naphazoline, and tetrahydrazoline, miotics and anticholinesterases such as pilocarpine, eserine salicylate, carbachol, di-isopropyl fluorophosphate, phospholine iodide, and demecarium bromide; mydriatics such as atropine sulfate, cyclopentolate, homatropine, scopolamine, tropicamide, eucatropine, and hydroxyamphetamine; and sympathomimetics such as epinephrine.
The solid drug and drug release rate-controlling material are combined in any fashion which enables small (10 to 300 micron) particles of enclosed drug to be formed which have the predominant portion of the drug fully enclosed within rate-controlling material.
One suitable manner for combining drug and ratecontrolling material is illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a magnification of a suspension containing particles 10 in a liquid medium not expressly shown. Particles 10, when cut away, can be seen to comprise drug 11 microencapsulated within drug release rate-controlling material 12. As the figure illustrates, the particles 10 are of variable size. Also, it should be noted that the thickness of the coatings of drug release rate-controlling material varies (compare coating 12 with coatings 12a and 12b). This variation in erodible coating substantially prolongs the release of drug. Light coatings will erode through rapidly, while heavier coatings will take longer. By varying the relative proportions of various coating thicknesses a variable release rate may be achieved as well. Also, by varying the coating material among a group of differently eroding materials, some rapid some slow, a controlled prolonged release may be obtained. It can also be seen, how, by adjusting the proportions of coated particles, a constant rate of drug release could be obtained, that is, a release rate having a zero order dependence on time.
Any of the standard encapsulation techniques known in the art can be used to prepare the microcapsule particles 10. The drug can be added to the drug release rate-controlling encapsulating material while it is in liquid or particle form, the mixture being reduced to fine microcapsules by grinding, or the like. Alternatively, fine particles of the drug can be coated such as by suspending dry particles of the drug in an air stream and contacting that stream with a stream of rate-controlling material that coats the drug with a wall of ratecontrolling material.
Another suitable microencapsulation method is the co-ascervation technique. The co-ascervation technique of fabrication consists essentially of the formation of three immiscible phases, a liquid manufacturing phase, a core material phase and a liquid coating phase. Liquid coating is deposited on the core material and rigidized usually be thermal, cross-linking or desolvation. Techniques for preparing microcapsules, such as the Bungenberg, de .long and Kaas method are reported in Biochem, 2., Vol. 232, (1931) pp. 338-345; and J. Pharm. Sci., Vol. 59, No. 10 (1970) pp. 1367-1376.
A second typical configuration which particles may assume is illustrated in FIG. 2. There, a variety of particles 20 are illustrated which each contain a number of depots or drug 11 dispersed through a body 12 of ratecontrolling material. As the rate-controlling material erodes, it gradually exposes and releases the drug from the depots.
These type of particles could be easily formed by admixing 0.5 to 5 micron drug particles and release ratecontrolling material in a fluid phase and casting and settling a solid piece of drug and rate-controlling material. This piece could then be micronized, such as in a CRC Micromill, to give the desired 10 to 300 micron particles of rate-controlling material containing drug.
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention which can yield a more constant rate of release. The particles of the suspension of FIG. 3 are all flat discs, essentially having only two dimensions. That is, one of each disc s dimensions is less than 10 perent of either of its other dimension. While round discs are shown in FIG. 3, clearly other two dimensional shapes could also be used. These two dimensional particles present an essentially constant surface area throughout their period of bioerosion. The particles internally are similar to particles 20 of FIG. 2, that is, they contain a plurality of drug depots dispersed through a body of release ratecontrolling material.
Another way to obtain a constant rate of drug release with an ophthalmic suspension in accord with this invention is to employ particles of the type shown in FIG. 1 (particles 10) having accurately controlled proportions of rate-controlling wall material. By providing an accurately graded range of thickness of rate-controlling material, a smooth flow of drug can be achieved.
The suspension dosage forms of this invention permit a uniform rate of ophthalmic drug delivery. Also, by their ability to prolong drug release, they permit the time periods between drop instillation to be greatly prolonged, such as to well over 4 hours, for example up to 4 to 5 days or even a week. Preferably suspensions are used to prolong drug release over periods of from 18 to 72 hours per instillation.
The suspension must'therefore contain enough drug to satisfy the dosage requirements for these prolonged periods.
It is generally preferred to adjust the amount of drug in the suspensions so that from about 2 to 10 drops of suspension contains the required complete dosage regimen.
Typical dosages for drugs administered in the improved dosage form are:
Antibiotics, such as polymixin: 250 micrograms/day Sulfonamides, such as sulfacetamide: 500 micrograms/day Antivirals. such as idoxuridine: micrograms/day Anti-inflammatories, such as hydrocortisone acetate or prednisolone: Philocarpine:
micrograms/Cay micrograms/day Liquid medium 100 parts Particles l-50 parts Drug 0.3-45 parts Rate-controlling material 0.1 to 33 pans Preservatives and the like (as required) When an aqueous medium is employed in the suspension, it is often desirable to take precautions to prevent undue erosion of the particles in the medium prior to use. This may be done chemically, for example, by saturating the medium with dissolved drug release ratecontrolling material in cases where bioerosion proceeds through solubilization, or by adjusting the solution pH, in cases where the ratecontrolling materials erosion is pH dependent, to nonerodible ranges. It may also be done physically by separating the solid particles from the liquid medium until immediately prior to application of the suspension. In a most elementary fashion, this may be carried out by adding a few drops of liquid to the particles prior to use. A more accurate, more controlled addition of liquid can be carried out using a multi-chambered drug container such as shown in cross-sectional form in FIG. 4 as container 40. Container 40 grossly is in the form of a single dosage dropper bottle of the type often used for ophthalmic preparations. It has an outer wall 41, generally of flexible plastic. The top of wall 41 terminates in a small dropper tip having a hole. It may be a part of wall 41, as shown, or it may be as second separate insert plug. The latter configuration facilitates filling the container. The tip is equipped with a cover to keep dirt, gems, and the like out and maintain sterility of the contents of container 40. Container 40 contains a measured amount of to 200 micron enclosed solid drug particles 44 in a second upper chamber. The two chambers are separated from one another by a barrier 45 carrying a valve 46. By squeezing the lower portion of device 40 the liquid there contained is forced upward through the valve into the upper chamber and mixed with particles 44. A variation of this configuration could employ a rupture disc between the two chambers. The resulting suspension would have an accurately determined composition and would be easily administered to a patients eye via the dropper tip.
EXAMPLES I and 11 Two ocular suspensions in accord with this invention are prepared.
A. First, a drug release rate-controlling material is prepared as follows: 126 grams (1.0 equivalents) of ethylene-maleic anhdyride copolymer (Monsanto EMA, Grade 31) is stirred with 500 ml (4.0 moles) of n-hexyl alcohol at l25 C for 7 hours. The solu tion is cooled to room temperature and methylene chloride is gradually added to the cloud point. Then more methylene chloride is added to precipitate the product (total volume 20!). The precipitate is thoroughly leached with the methylene chloride. The solvent is decanted and the product dissolved in 750 ml warm acetone. Methylene chloride is added to the cloud point. Then more methylene chloride is added to precipitate the product (total volume 151 The precipitate is then thoroughly leached with methylene chloride. The solvent is decanted and the product dissolved in 750 ml acetone. The solution is transferred to a polypropylene container and solvent is removed under vacuum at 50C to yield the drug release rate-controlling polymer product. The infrared spectrum of the polymer shows broad bands at 1680 and 1780 cmindica tive of ester carboxyl. Titration with base shows that the hexyl half ester of maleic acid has been formed, and thus the ratio of total carbons to ionizable hydrogens on average is 12:1.
B. Preparation of hydrocortisone-containing particles. 1.8 Grams of the half ester polymer of part A is dissolved in 5 ml of acetone, with stirring at 25C. 0.6 Grams of hydrocortisone acetate micronized to 4 to 10 microns are dispersed in the solution with stirring. The resulting viscous dispersion is cast on a polyethylene film. The casting is allowed to dry thoroughly to yield a dry film. The resulting film is removed from the polyethylene film by stripping, and is micronized and screened to a size of from 20 to 200 microns. 20 Mg of these particles containing 5 mg of hydrocortisone ace tate suspended in 40 drops of sterile water (about 2 cc).
A 4 drop portion of this suspension is added to a small shaken vessel having a liquid volume and liquid turnover simulating a human eye. The rate of hydrocortisone acetate release is measured by infrared spetroscopy and compared with the rate of release of hydrocortisone acetate observed when 0.5 mg of 4 to 10 micron hydrocortisone acetate particles are placed in the same vessel under the same conditions. The coated particles present a release which is substantially more prolonged than that of the uncoated particles.
C. Alternative preparation. 30 Grams of hydrocortisone acetateare micronized to 5 micron average size and screened to separate out a l to 10 micron range of sizes. These separated particles are then microencapsulated in 50 grams of the poly(acid) of part A by dissolving the poly( acid) in 500 ccs of acetone and spraying the acetone solution using a Wurster air suspension technique. The spray coating varies from 5 to 40 microns in thickness. When these particles ,are suspended in an aqueous medium and tested in accord with part B of this example, they too give a sustained release of drug.
EXAMPLE III Five hundred grams of chloramphenicol of a particle size of from 20 to 40 microns is encapsulated with polylactic acid polymer of molecular weight 50,000, according to the following procedure: 250 grams of the polylactic acid is dissolved in 2 liters of chloroform. The chloramphenicol particles are coated with the polylactic acid using a Wurster air suspension technique. The coat thickness is determined to vary from 8 to 60 microns thick.
Three grams of the chloramphenicol microcapsules are dispersed in 50 ccs of an aqueous medium containing preservatives and salts to-achieve ocular isotonicity. When drops of this dispersion are placed in the eye, the poly (lactic acid) coated particles imbed in the soft tissues lining the eyelids. They gradually release their chloramphenicol over a prolonged (48 hour) period. After about 96 hours, no residual poly (lactic acid) is noted in the ocular cavity.
EXAMPLE IV The procedures of Example III are repeated, substituting 250 grams of crystalline pilocarpine nitrate for the chloramphenicol. The pilocarpine has an average particle size of 15 to 30 microns. The polylatic acid coating has a thickness ranging from to 50 microns. When 3 4 drops of the resulting liquid suspension are added each day for a week to a patients ocular cavities, it is noted that the patients ocular pressures are continuously reduced from their normal levels, indicative of a prolonged controlled release of pilocarpine. This release pattern is especially effective as it avoids periods where no drug is being delivered.
EXAMPLE V A suspension of cross-linked gelatin particles containing hydrocortisone acetate for the treatment of eye inflammation is prepared as follows:
A phosphate buffer is prepared from one liter of distilled water, 7.1 grams of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 6.9 grams of sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate. The pH of 6.8. 40 Ml of the phosphate buffer and 0.15 grams chlorobutanol as combined with heating and stirring. Nine grams of gelatin (Atlantic Pharmagel 250 Bloom Type A USP) is added slowly with stirring to the 40 grams of buffer solution at 90C. Alternatively, the gelatin can be added to the buffer solution after it is cooled to room temperature and the mixture then heated to 90C until solution is complete.
3.1 Grams of micronized 10 micron) hydrocortisone and 10 microliters of Tween 80 (Atlas, USP grade) are ground together and suspended in 5 ml of phosphate buffer. The resultant mixture is added immediately to the stirred gelatin solution as it cools to approximately 50C. The final mixture is stirred thoroughly for four minutes until the temperature falls to 40C and poured onto a sheet of polyvinyl chloride. The resulting film is dried at room temperature for one day.
A solution of formaldehyde (1% by weight) is prepared by addition of 13.1 grams of 38 percent formaldehyde reagent to 487 grams phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). The gelatin films are submerged in this buffered formaldehyde solution for 20 minutes at room temperature, quickly rinsed with water and soaked in ice water for 2 hours. The films are removed from the ice water and dried overnight. The dried film is then micronized to a particle size of about microns.
A liquid medium consisting of sterile distilled water, 1 percent w. poly(vinyl alcohol) and 0.004 percent benzalkonium chloride is prepared.
A suspension of about 2 parts particles in 100 parts liquid medium is prepared. When drops of this suspension are administered to the eye, the particles lodge in the linings of the ocular cavity. Ocular fluid permeates the gelatin of the particles and drug diffuse out through the ocular fluid at a controlled rate over a prolonged period of time. The gelatin erodes as well in the ocular environment.
I claim:
1. An ophthalmic dosage form comprising substantially dry solid particles of ophthalmic drug enclosed within a bioerodible release rate controlling material formed of a hydrophobic poly(carboxylic acid) having a molecular weight of about 10,000 to about 800,000 and containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms for each carboxylic hydrogen with the particles consisting of about 8 parts drug up to 1 part material to about 1 part drug up to about 3 parts material, said particles being from 10 to 300 microns in largest dimensions and forming a suspension of 1 part up to 50 parts when admixed priorto administration with up to 100 parts of an ophthalmically acceptable isotonic aqueous carrier having a pH acceptable to the eye, with drug released in the eye as the particles erode in response to the ocular environment in a controlled and continuous rate over a prolonged period of time.
2. An ophthalmic dosage form according to claim 1 wherein the ophthalmic drug is a member selected from the group consisting of idoxuridine, phenylephrine, pilocarpine and its acceptable salts, eserine, carbachol, phospholine iodine, demecarium bromide, cyclopentolate, homatropine, scopolamine and epinephrme.
3. An ophthalmic dosage form according to claim 1 wherein the drug is an ophthalmic steroid selected from the group consisting of hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone acetate dexamethasone, dexamethasone 21- phosphate, fluocinolone, medrysone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone 2l-phosphate, prednisolone acetate, fluorometholone, betamethasone and triamcinoline.
4. An ophthalmic dosage form according to claim 1 wherein te drug is an ophthalmic antibiotic selected from the group consisting of tetracycline, chlorotetracycline, bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin, gramicidin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, pencillin and erythromycin.
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The company is licensing its name to Bullitt Group, who is manufacturing the device.
Net earnings totaled $19 million.
The layoffs are cost cutting moves.
The company posted a $62 million dollar loss.
Famous directors lobbied studios to agree to buy a set quantity of film from Kodak.
Kodak's earnings for the fourth quarter show the company is inching toward profitability.
Kodak now has a new leader.
Kodak will fork over millions of dollars to help clean up Eastman Business Park.
Kodak announced Thursday that it is laying off workers.
It is a sign of progress at the Eastman Business park as another tech company is moving in as an anchor tenant.
The new Kodak stock will soon be traded on the New York Stock Exchange.
A plan to clean up contamination at the Eastman Business Park is coming under fire.
Just weeks after the company emerged from bankruptcy, there is a new chairman of the board.
Antonio Perez was upbeat and optimistic with Tuesday's emergence news. He says the new Kodak is poised for profit and they are ready to move beyond bankruptcy.
John Ninfo said it's time to look forward.
All eyes are on Kodak as the company has successfully emerged from Chapter 11.
It's a big week for Kodak. The photo giant is expected to emerge from bankruptcy.
While Kodak breathes a sigh of relief, retirees reflect on some very tough losses.
former U.S. Bankruptcy Court Judge John Ninfo discusses the announcement of court approval for Kodak's emergence plan.
Despite several objections from stockholders, a bankruptcy judge has approved Kodak's emergence plan.
Kodak creditors have approved the company's reorganization plan.
Kodak announced on Wednesday the group of men who will make up its Board of Directors after the company emerges from bankruptcy.
Kodak is reporting a $157 million loss in its latest earnings report.
Kodak CEO Antonio Perez will step down from his post after the company gets out of bankruptcy. But who will replace him?
The departing Kodak CEO has a new employment agreement that spells out salary, bonuses and stock options.
Financial Analyst Doug Hendee of Brighton Securities discussed the Kodak announcement that CEO Antonio Perez will leave his position after the company emerges from bankruptcy Wednesday morning on News 8 at Sunrise.
CEO Antonio Perez will continue to lead Kodak after it emerges from bankuptcy, but for a limited time.
Another business will soon call Eastman Business Park home.
The Eastman Kodak Retiree Association has reached an agreement with the company over its unfunded pension plan.
Kodak is starting salary reviews and in a memo to employees it says executives will not be getting raises.
A bankruptcy judge will hear a motion from Kodak shareholders on August 5th.
Kodak is preparing to emerge from bankruptcy by September 3rd, but the company has to get many of its creditors to agree with its plan.
The plan put forth for Kodak to help clean up Eastman Business park is going through.
A couple hundred more jobs are expected to be added to the Eastman Business Park to make touch screen sensors. It is part of a deal between the local Kingsbury Corporation and Kodak.
In just over a month, Kodak is expected to emerge from bankruptcy. It has been a tumultuous road for the imaging company that will have a new focus. On Tuesday in New York City, significant progress was made towards the newly-reorganized Kodak.
Financial analyst George Conboy weighs in on the happenings in U.S. bankruptcy court with Eastman Kodak.
Eastman Kodak is steps away from bankruptcy emergence. If the judge approves several key issues Monday, it will mean creditors can vote on Kodak's emergence plan.
Kodak announced an agreement is in place for debt financing of $895 million.
Eastman Kodak Company and the state of the New York have agree on a partnership they believe will create jobs at Eastman Business Park.
Eastman Kodak says it has received court approval to sell $406 million worth of stock when it emerges from bankruptcy.
A disclosure statement explains how Kodak plans to pay off its creditors and what its business will look like after bankruptcy. Creditors have to vote on it before Kodak can move forward, but there are many who are stepping up to the plate with concerns.
More changes are ahead for Kodak, this time having to do with a base used to make their film.
Kodak has notified New York State that it expects to layoff 61 Rochester workers by the end of August.
Under a new agreement, Kodak will now supply its motion picture film to 20th Century Fox.
Kodak is working to create a fund to pay for cleanup of past environmental problems, while it works its way through bankruptcy.
The same company that has taken over the power facility at Eastman Business Park now has plans to take over water production there too.
'The Amazing Spider-Man 2' is putting Kodak in the Hollywood spotlight at home. Take an inside peek at how the company produces its motion picture film.
Rochester is definitely making a mark in the filming of "The Amazing Spider-Man 2". Not only is it a location choice, but Kodak film is the director's film of choice.
The organization that represents Kodak's retirees has filed a motion against the company that would affect retirees with unfunded pensions.
Late Tuesday Kodak announced it has filed its Plan of Reorganization with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court, initiating the process to emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy.


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Estimated ArrivalArrives by 12/23
- Aug 26 - Aug 31
- Shipping Restrictions
Due to shipping restrictions, we cannot ship this item to:
Alaska, Hawaii
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- Returns accepted within 14 days of delivery.
Thank you. If a matching email exists we will send you an email in a few minutes with instructions on how to reset your password.
Don't forget to check your spam folder if you cannot find the email. For further assistance please contact us at email@example.com .Okay
Upholstered in soft green velvet, this chair is a nod to midcentury style. Proudly handcrafted in the USA with button-tufting on the back for a dose of cushy comfort.


text: In regards to twitter marketing, the more you get in, the great you will get directly back again. Social networks just function that way. The truly great more price you are offering and the more you are ready to get engrossed, the more beneficial it's to you in return. Once spent time on Facebook promoting to improve the lives of others, it comes again for you personally with support as well.


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|Monday, 04 November 2013 07:42
Area schools competed in their respective regional meet at Ephram White Park in Bowling Green.
In the Boy's Class 1-A meet, Glasgow was able to win its first regional title. Zachary Wheeler was able to secure third place with Augie Brown right behind wheeler in fourth. Carter Chavira helped the Scotties clinch the title with his sixth place finish. Other notable performances include Cumberland County's Levi Owens finishing Second behind Buttler County's Ethan Jenkins. Devin Geralds of Monroe County placed ninth. In team Scores, the Scotties were able to overcome Hancock County for first. Cumberland County finished fourth and Metcalfe County was sixth.
In the Girls meet, it was Marrisa Moore of Glasgow finishing twenty six seconds ahead of Hancock County's Emily Woodward to clinch a birth for the state meet. Moore was a dominant runner throughout the race widening the gap between her and Woodward over the course of the race. Monroe County's Grace Turner captured a fifth place finish and her personal best for the seson and Clinton County's Bianca Soma finished twelfth.
Single A State Meet Qualifiers for Boys teams are Glasgow, Cumberland County. Boy Individual Qualifiers Include Monroe County's Devin Geralds and Joseph Quick; and Metcalfe County's Jackson Bell.
Boy's Triple A Region 2 meet showcased Some of the States quickest runners. Grayson County's Bret Crawford was able to beat out Greenwoods Keith Prive for first place. Barren County's Billy Mowery was able to lead the Trojans with a new personal best. Mowery finished twentieth and a bid to the state meet. Matt Reed was able to run his best time of the year as well placing thirtieth. The Trojans finished seventh as a team with North Hardin winning the Boy's regional title.
The girls race featured the number one girl's team in the state of Kentucky. Bowling Green was able to dominate the race sweeping the top five spots. The Lady Purple's Madison Peeples had a strong victory with a thirty second lead over teammate Brittany Hanson. For Barren County, Kayla Roeder was able to improve upon a Cinderella season. The first year runner was able to clock in a personal best and finish fifteenth for the Trojanettes qualifying her for the state meet. In team scores, Bowling Green won the meet with Central Hardin second. Barren County finished sixth.
The State Cross Country meet will be this Saturday with the Single A Meet starting first with the boys at 9:30 AM EST at the Kentucky Horse Park in Lexington, Kentucky.


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Real Housewives of Beverly Hills
Real Housewives of Beverly Hills OMG Moments From Season 3, Episode 15
Talk about out of control! We love how many catty and crazy moments The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills manages to pack into one episode, whether it's Kim love of turtles or Brandi rejoicing about Adrienne's absence. Here are our picks for the top five most ridiculous moments from Season 3, Episode 15: "The Real Housewives of Paris: Part Un."
5. More threesome talk!
Paris may be all about love, but somehow the city also inspired a not-too-romantic discussion of threesome protocol. Given that Brandi's tales of her threesomes with Eddie don't sound particularly enticing, we can understand why Kyle hilariously decides to stick to a "menage à deux."
4. Lisa and Sue try to let things go.
It was pretty adorable seeing Ken reconnect with his son Warren — and then wrestle with his grandson! We loved seeing Warren's gorgeous estate — and seeing that Lisa and Sue have put their differences aside. We agree with Lisa that it's hard to believe Ken has a 21-year-old grandson, but it's even harder to believe that Ken and Warren have the exact same hairstyle.
3. Yolanda confronts Taylor
There was no Adrienne this week, but Mohamed's party still provided tension. First, Marisa boldly says in front of Dean that she wants a new man (ouch!), and then Yolanda tries to hash things out with Taylor. Taylor denies having issues with her, although Yolanda is convinced Taylor is lying. Apparently, a lot of the ladies wanted to talk to Taylor this week, but not for the greatest reasons.
2. Intervention time
We were more than a little worried that Kim and Kyle's sit-down with Taylor would set off some serious drama. So we commend Taylor for handling things maturely, along with Kim for exposing her own flaws and doing her best to relate to what her friend is going through.
1. Kim is loopy — or should we say, loopier than usual.
It's hard to hear Kim telling other people to seek addiction help when Kim herself seemed out of sorts and not like herself while in Paris. We do have faith that Kim is on the right path, so we're choosing to believe that her behavior in Paris was just an accidental medication issue or jet lag, and not the result of Kim falling off the wagon. And here we thought watching fireworks was supposed to be carefree!


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Bio Sketch
After almost 25 years in Higher Education leadership, in 2008 I formed my own consulting company to leverage my expertise to a wider audience of colleges and universities. My goal now is to find a full-time position in Higher Education leadership -- or to perform Consulting services for them -- in my three areas of expertise. I am in a position to add value (strategic, process-driven) in these vital areas, together or severally:
* Establishment and executive management of strong, quality, academically rigorous, revenue-producing International Program Centers, with particular emphasis on P.R. China;
* Institutional and Marketing Research; coordination of collection of system-wide data and information; statistical analysis and research methodology expertise made available for institutional use, for marketing, and in the classroom. (I have developed a reputation for being able to teach statistical analysis successfully to math-phobes.)
* Regional, Quality- and process-based accreditation, including leadership and analysis of processes for Assessment of Student Learning.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS & RESEARCH METHODS: research method, statistical analysis, results reporting; strong communication (writing, public speaking) skills; training/teaching to diverse audiences including the math-fearful; institutional research; and graphical representation of data.
HIGHER EDUCATION: International programs; institutional research; assessment of student learning; regional accreditation (both quality-based, continuous improvement models and traditional methods.
The Proctor Agency
Currently holds this position
Graduate Faculty
Walden University
Educational Institution; 201-500 employees; Higher Education industry 2010 – Present (1 year)
Assoc. Dean
Northwood University
1985 – 2008 (23 years)
Executive Director
The Midland Symphony Orchestra
1981 – 1985 (4 years)
EducationWayne State University
Ed.D., Education
1994 – 2001
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
B.A., Speech Communications
1969 – 1973
1966 – 1969


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Gear Question
Scott Shewmaker
I love the X-Mug but mine has developed a...
I love the X-Mug but mine has developed a small hole at one of the folds, so now it leaks. (No idea how it happened.) Any suggestions on how to repair it? Nothing seem to stick to the silicone. Or could it still be under warranty? There's no warranty info on the Sea to Summit website.
Dean Whitehead
You can try and contact Sea To Summit directly, or if you purchased from Back Country, they have a 100% return policy...
Phil Maher
Yeah, call STS @ 303-440-8977. Ask them to replace it under warranty, since it's lifetime. The fact that it developed a hole directly on one of the folds is easily a matter of making the argument that it was due to material failure. Or, as Dean said, if you bought it here, BC will replace it unconditionally as well, maybe even faster.
Scott Shewmaker
Thanks for the info Phil & Dean. I'll see if the retailer I purchased it from (not BC as I didn't know about you guys then) will take it back under warranty. The failure may have been due a thin spot that was there since day one. I would buy one again though.
View More Details on Sea To Summit X-Mug Collapsible Mug


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Zesty Chicken Pasta
Image added by Andrew RobertsAdd your own photo
Category: Main Course
Zesty Chicken Pasta - TastyPlanner.com
Chef: Andrew Roberts
Quick and easy recipe, mediocre results.
5 lbs chicken
1 package fettucine pasta, uncooked
1 tablespoon vegetable oil
1 teaspoon dried basil
1 teaspoon italian spice
1 package frozen vegetable mix
1/2 cup Caesar or Italian dressing
1 cup grated Parmesan cheese
Cook pasta according to package directions. Meanwhile, heat oil in large skillet over medium. Add chicken to skillet. Wash hands. Sprinkle with basil and italian spice and cook 8 to 10 minutes or until done (internal temp 170 degrees F).
Add frozen vegetables to pasta for last 5 minutes of cook time; return to boil and cook until vegetables are fork tender. Drain pasta and vegetables. Add to skillet with chicken. Add dressing. Mix well; cook until heated through. Add cheese; toss to coat pasta.
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Recipe Comments
wrote on April 24, 2008
Super easy dinner, makes a ton – we made it with shell pasta, newman's caesar, frozen chicken and frozen stirfry veggies – added a little salt and pepper to the recipe and used a sicilian blend for the chicken – very satisfying and lots of leftovers! Thanks!
wrote on October 27, 2008
5 lbs of chicken? Are you sure?


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FORT WORTH, Texas — A year after limping into the Big 12 Tournament with an embarrassing loss to struggling TCU, Oklahoma made up for it.
The No. 23 Sooners clinched the No. 2 seed in next week's tournament with a dominating 97-67 win over the Horned Frogs in front of 4,878 at Daniel-Meyer Coliseum on Saturday.


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"The 3 in 1 Tour" Partners with Food For the Hungry To Bring Together Three Award Winning Artists For One-of-a-Kind Concert Experience
Nashville, Tenn. (January 10, 2013) – Pairing some of today's most popular and acclaimed recording artists, "The 3 in 1 Tour" will kickoff this spring with three very unique hitmakers collaborating to bring their celebrated sounds into one highly anticipated live experience. The national tour, which will unite Dove Award winners and GRAMMY®-nominated artists Brandon Heath, Mandisa and Dove and GRAMMY® winner Laura Story, embarks on a 23-city trek starting February 21 and wrapping April 14, 2013. International relief and development organization Food for the Hungry has partnered with "The 3 in 1 Tour" to bring awareness to its efforts alongside Heath, Mandisa and Story.
Launching in Pensacola, Fla., the tour will make stops in markets including Orlando, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Houston, Indianapolis and St. Louis, among others, before wrapping in Kansas City, Mo. GRAMMY®-nominated singer-songwriter Jamie Grace will also make special appearances on select dates, filling in for Laura Story. For additional information, see the full tour schedule listed below or visit any of the participatings artists' websites (links below).
Concertgoers should expect a night where the artists will collaborate on each other's songs and an experience full of fan favorites, including multiple No. 1 singles from Heath, Mandisa and Story. All three artists will also highlight tracks from their newest releases, including Brandon Heath's Blue Mountain, Mandisa's What If We Were Real and Laura Story's Blessings.
For more information on tickets and event dates, please visit any of the artists' websites: BrandonHeath.net, MandisaOfficial.com, LauraStoryMusic.com and JamieGrace.com.
"The 3 in 1 Tour" Dates
Feb 21 – Marcus Pointe Baptist, Pensacola, FL
Feb 22 – Northland Church, Orlanda, FL
Feb 23 – Columbia First Nazarene, Columbia, SC**
Feb 24 – Smoky Mountain Center PAC, Franklin, NC
Feb 28 – Morrison Heights Baptist Church, Clinton, MS
Mar 1 – AR/FBC Benton, Benton, AR
Mar 2 – Mt. Pisgah, Atlanta, GA
Mar 3 – TBD, Monroe, LA
Mar 7 – Azalea City Church of God, Valdosta, GA
Mar 8 – The Summit Church, Durham, NC
Mar 9 – Metropolitan Theatre, Morgantown, WV
Mar 10 – Lancaster Bible College, Lancaster, PA
Mar 14 – Hawthorne Gospel Church, Hawthorne, NJ
Mar 15 – Orchard Hill Church, Wexford, PA
Mar 16 – North Syracus Baptist Church, North Syracuse, NY
Mar 17 – Tri County Assembly, Fairfield, OH
Mar 21 – Adler Theatre, Davenport, IA**
Mar 22 – Point of Grace Church, Des Moines, IA**
Apr 4 – Trinity Church, Texarkana, TX*
Apr 5 – Glad Tidings Church, Lake Charles, LA*
Apr 6 – Berry Center, Cypress, TX*
Apr 7 – Temple Baptist Church, Temple, TX*
Apr 11 – Grace Church, Middleburg Heights, OH
Apr 12 – Calvary Temple, Indianapolis, IN
Apr 13 – Family Arena, St. Louis, MO
Apr 14 – Raytown Baptist Church, Raytown, MO
All dates are subject to change
*Jamie Grace will fill in for Laura Story
**Brandon Heath and Mandisa only
About Brandon Heath:
Since Brandon Heath's debut on Reunion Records with Don't Get Comfortable (2006), he has become one of Christian music's most beloved and respected artists and songwriters. Heath has twice been honored as GMA Male Vocalist of the Year (2009 and 2010), additionally garnering an Emmy Award, five GRAMMY® nominations, an American Music Award nomination and multiple GMA Dove Awards and songwriting honors. His award-winning songs and signature vocals reflect a soaring radio career that includes four No. 1 hits: "I'm Not Who I Was," "Wait and See," the 2009 GMA Dove Award-winning Song of the Year, "Give Me Your Eyes" and the eight-week chart topper, "Your Love." Heath, a Nashville native, first began writing at age 13 and credits his hometown's legendary hotspot for songwriters, the Bluebird Café, as the place he first experienced music that moved him. His artistry and ability to connect with audiences have compelled countless media outlets across the nation to platform his story and music. Highlights include Billboard magazine, "CBS Evening News with Katie Couric," Relevant magazine, a 2011 feature by the Wall Street Journal and selection as a presenter during the 54th Annual GRAMMY® Awards. Other key spotlights include Discovery Channel's "On The Case With Paula Zahn," which highlighted "Give Me Your Eyes" (What If We 8/19/2008), and a feature by The New York Times Sunday edition, touting Heath as a GRAMMY-nominated newcomer "that shouldn't be allowed to slip through the cracks." Heath's third album, Leaving Eden (1/18/2011), debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Christian Sales chart and is supported by non-stop direct-support and headlining tours. Most recently, Heath released Blue Mountain, his fourth full-length studio album, on October 9, 2012, and its debut single is Top 5 and climbing. For more information on Brandon Heath, please visit: www.brandonheath.net.
About Mandisa:
Three-time GRAMMY® nominee Mandisa's discography includes True Beauty, It's Christmas, Freedom, What If We Were Real and her remix EP, Get Movin' on Sparrow Records. This past fall she performed her hit single "Good Morning" on the highest rated morning show, ABC's "Good Morning America." The Season 5 American Idol finalist is also an author with the release of "Idoleyes: My New Perspective on Faith, Fat & Fame." Mandisa was one of several Idols selected to open Walt Disney World's American Idol Experience in early 2009. With over 635,000 albums sold, Mandisa's music and message continues to connect with fans. Her album, What If We Were Real, is her fastest selling album ever, tracking 80% ahead of her previous album and has sold over 230,000 units to date. The album features the breakout radio hits "Good Morning," "Waiting For Tomorrow," and the No. 1 AC single, "Stronger." With widespread media coverage including The Today Show, LIVE! With Regis and Kelly, E!, Extra, Entertainment Tonight, US Magazine, People Magazine and CNN, this American Idol alum and three-time Grammy nominee continues to be a voice of encouragement and truth to women facing life's challenges. For more information on Mandisa, please visit www.mandisaofficial.com.
About Laura Story:
Laura Story, a talented worship leader and songwriter known for penning hit songs such as "Indescribable" made famous by Chris Tomlin and the smash inspirational hit "Blessings," made her music debut in 2008 with her first release Great God Who Saves (Fair Trade Services). Great God Who Saves garnered her four Dove nominations in 2009, at which she took home her first award for "Inspirational Album of the Year." In 2011, she also nabbed another nomination for "Female Vocalist of the Year." Her hit single "Mighty To Save" earned a No. 1 Soft AC/Inspo and Top 10 AC hit at Christian radio. Also in 2011, Story revealed 12 new inspirational tracks on her sophomore release titled Blessings. Story teamed up with producer Nathan Nockels (Passion, Philips, Craig & Dean, Point of Grace) and delivered a worship project that exudes constant threads of pop energy and singer-songwriter warmth. The title track quickly became a fan favorite, radio smash and multi-award winner upon release of the album. It topped the iTunes® Christian/Gospel Top Songs chart and held the No. 1 spot for 28 consecutive weeks, the album held the No. 1 spot for three consecutive weeks on Billboard's Contemporary Christian Overall chart, digital single sales for "Blessings" reached Gold status, the track held the No. 1 spot at Christian AC, Inspo and the National Audience radio charts for multiple weeks, and Story took home the GRAMMY® Award for Best Contemporary Christian Song, the Billboard Music Award for Top Christian Song as well as Dove Awards for Song of the Year, Pop/Contemporary Song of the Year, Pop/Contemporary Album of the Year and Songwriter of the Year. Her first book, What If Your Blessings Come Through Raindrops?, released in 2012 and was inspired by her Grammy and Dove Award-winning hit song, "Blessings." Story will release a new studio album in 2013. For more information on Story, please visit www.laurastorymusic.com.
About Jamie Grace:
Hailing from outside of Atlanta in Lithonia, Georgia, GRAMMY® nominee Jamie Grace is a 20-year-old-college student who, aside from her career and touring as a singer-songwriter, is also studying children's ministry. At age 11, Jamie Grace was diagnosed with Tourette Syndrome, and has since traveled the country sharing her story and faith through music and speaking. Upon signing Jamie Grace, multiple GRAMMY® winner TobyMac remarked "I have not been this excited to work with an artist in a long, long time." Though she just released her first, full-length record in September 2011, Jamie Grace has been a part of the well-known Revolve tour, scored two No. 1 radio hits and has had a highly successful EP. In addition, she won the 2012 GMA Dove Award for New Artist of the Year. For more information on Jamie Grace, please visit www.jamiegrace.com.
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Feathered Companions, MD We Ship
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Two baby Panama yellow Crn. Amazons - Hands down one of the best parrots to have - excellent talkers$1,400.00 Quick View
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Court of Appeals Affirms Conviction of City of Fond du Lac's Former Director of Human Resources on 14 Counts of Possessing Child Pornography on his Workplace Computer
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The Office of the Attorney General is unable to guarantee the accuracy of this translation and is therefore not liable for any inaccurate information resulting from the translation application tool.
Please consult with a translator for accuracy if you are relying on the translation or are using this site for official business.Contact the Department of Justice


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This new route involves biking, walking and just being. Our multiple terrain trip, includes recently discovered real Inca paths, archaeological ruins, an 80km bike downhill through the mountains to the green valleys below and the jungle.
Hike along the Inca Trail, through cloud forests and high mountain passes - on a Peruvian trekking adventure that visits Machu Picchu, one of the world�s foremost archaeological sites.
Hike the Inca trail and tour Machu Picchu and other Incas sites in a trip that includes hiking, camping, rafting, home-stays, and more adventure and fun than any other tour. Travel with us and have an experience of a lifetime.
Go hiking & trekking on your vacation. Enjoy the outdoors, get some fresh air and view the beautiful scenery on our Machu Picchu, Peru hiking trips. Our trekking tours are a great way to see the natural landscape. Guided hiking trips are a fun activity for people of all ages and abilities. Experienced guides will help you identify the native plants and animals in the area on our Machu Picchu, Peru hiking tours. Our trekking trips are great for backpacking adventures. Hike through the forest with a small group on our guided treks and meet people who share the same interest in activities. Browse our Machu Picchu, Peru hiking and trekking and plan your adventure today!


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Tone Zone vs. SD Custom Custom
I'm putting together a Strat, "Frankenstein"-style guitar. SSH configuration (though I'm thinking of putting a Hot Rail in the neck). I'm trying to make up my mind on the humbucker for the bridge. I've already got the Tone Zone, but have never installed it so I'm not sure what it sounds like. After reading a little about it, I'm having some second thoughts about using it for this project because some say the Tone Zone can be a little on the bass-y side and that it doesn't have the harmonic response of some of its high-output contemporaries (like the SD Custom Custom). Like a lot of players, I'm wanting to get some of that early EVH "Brown-sound" out of this guitar, so harmonics and high-gain note clarity are a must. I've heard that that sound is right up the Custom Custom's alley. So I've been thinking of picking up one of those for this guitar and throwing the Tone Zone in the bridge of my knock-off LP instead.
Per my wife, I'm on a pretty limited budget for this project. I'm not very strong with soldering, so I'll have to get them professionally installed. So I want to be happy with my first choice to avoid paying for multiple pick-up swaps and allocate those funds for other bells and whistles. So my question for y'all is, which direction should I go? Is the Tone Zone going to do the job, or is it worth it to shell out some extra for the Custom Custom and bask in Brown-sound glory? Or, I'd definitely be open to hearing ideas on cheaper, lesser known alternatives. For instance, I've heard great things about Dragonfire Screamers.
Here's what the single path will look like:
Custom Strat Guitar - Crybaby 535 - Boss ME-70 (w/amp modeling) - TS-9 - Boss Super Chorus - Tuner - Fender Blues Deluxe Amp
I might add also that I'm planning to have the humbucker coil-split, and would like to be able to combine the split tone with the middle single-coil to get the signature 2nd-position Strat twang. So if anyone is familiar with how any of these buckers sound split, that might be an influencing factor. Guitar body is alder, neck is maple w/rosewood fingerboard, and a Floyd Rose II in the trem. (Eventually I'll install Graph Tech Ghost piezo-equipped saddles and pre-amp system so I can go acoustic!)
Thanks for helping with my dream axe, dudes! Let the debate begin....
Can't help on the pick-up issue but soldering is easy to learn. Might save you some money for other things. Every know and then tips and tricks on soldering show up here. It might be worth searching the forum before deciding to spend money on having someone else doing the job.
I've thought about working on my soldering skills to help with other pick-up swaps, but the wiring is going to get pretty complicated for this project. I plan to have a switch that splits both the bridge and neck humbuckers, as well as individual on/off switches for each pick-up. I think it's going to be too complicated for my soldering skills and electronics knowledge, both of which are pretty much non-existent.
id say try the tone zone and see if you cant dial a tone you like out of it. and maybe look up some reviews on youtube too.
Hamer Sat2 or Jackson JRR-94 Rhoads>Laney gc80a or hc25(practice).
Hamer(standard tuning) Ernie ball Slinkies
Alvarez Dana Scoop (standard tuning) D'adarrio 10's
LTD EC200qxm (standard tuning) EB Slinkies
I've watched tons of youtube video for both pick-ups, which is why I started leaning toward the Custom Custom. It just seems to produce clearer highs and a more harmonic distortion. I mainly started this thread to try and see if there a lot of big fans of the Tone Zone out there who could attest to their experiences with it and make a good case for me to use it instead. And also to see what kinds of things people have to say about the Custom Custom, but also provide input about other great pick-ups out there. It's pretty tough to make judgements just from youtube videos, where there's so many other factors effecting the tone besides just the pick-up.
have you tried to "calibrate" your ears?? I always find it helpful to listen to gear I know by heart first to see how it reproduces on youtube. With that in mind it's easier for me to imagine how unknown gear sound "in reality". Hope that helps with your choice.
You've also got to bear in mind that they're using a different rig than you so the pickup may sound great in your rig but not theirs or vice versa. So try. The tone zone since you already have it and if it doesn't feel/sound right go for the custom custom
Hamer Sat2 or Jackson JRR-94 Rhoads>Laney gc80a or hc25(practice).
Hamer(standard tuning) Ernie ball Slinkies
Alvarez Dana Scoop (standard tuning) D'adarrio 10's
LTD EC200qxm (standard tuning) EB Slinkies
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Rosa was born in Bad Godesberg, Germany and spent her childhood in Mexico and Europe. She began playing drums at age 16 and has studied at The Music Conservatory Of the University of Veracruz, and The School of Superior Studies of Mexico City. She was later granted a scholarship from the Mexican Endowment of the Arts for completion of her training at Musicians Institute in Los Angeles, California where she studied with such notables as Casey Scheuerell, Ralph Humphrey, Joe Porcaro and Taka Numazawa. Upon graduation in 1991, Rosa was presented with the award of Outstanding Student of the Year and also received the Human Relations Award.
She has also performed with artists such as Ann-Margret, Pat Boone, Glen Campbell, Debby Boone, Shari Lewis, Elkie Brooks, and the Broadway show "Five Guys Named Moe". In 1992, she began her association with Andy Williams; with whom she performed over 300 shows a year. She played with Andy until 2008. She currently resides in New York City.
The Avedis Zildjian Company Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Click and you could have your selfie appear on a Springbok player's Rugby World Cup jersey!
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Paris - Outstanding Australian backrow forward David Pocock may miss out on Saturday's Test match with France because coach Robbie Deans wants to give him more time to recover from a knee operation, a source in the Australian camp said Tuesday.
Deans, who is conscious about protecting Australia's top-four ranking during the European tour so they top a group at the 2015 World Cup draw in December, is looking more to playing 24-year-old Pocock in the game against England on November 17 according to the coaching staff.
The good form of the 45-times capped Pocock's stand-in Michael Hooper has made Deans's choice simpler for the Test at the Stade de France - the first time the two sides have met since the Wallabies inflicted a 59-16 hammering on the French at the same venue two years ago.
Pocock, who underwent the operation at the end of August, did participate fully in training on Tuesday as did experienced hooker Stephen Moore, the 29-year-old has been suffering from hamstring problems but is in line to win his 80th cap against the French.
Three of the other members of the squad, though, face a harder task to be fit.
Utility back Digby Ioane is recovering from a knee injury and did not train with the majority of the squad, content to do some light running while both lock Sitaleki Timani and prop Ben Alexander, who have been suffering from back and fist injuries respectively, also trained separately.
A final decision on whether any of them play a role in the game will be taken on Thursday morning with the starting team announced on Friday.
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The threats to marine life and coastal recreation from seismic testing offshore will be taken up at public forum Wednesday.
Oceana and the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy are hosting the educational forum 6-8 p.m. at the Rita Hollings Science Center, Room 121, College of Charleston, 58 Coming St.
Federal regulators are considering permitting the tests off the East Coast to explore for oil and natural gas. In seismic tests, crews detonate compressed air guns dragged behind ships, creating a series of blasts to read the "echo" beneath the sea floor. The blasts can deafen or injure marine mammals, such as whales or dolphins, that navigate by sonar echoes, and are suspected of injuring other marine life.
The tests could kill more than 130,000 marine mammals and put more than 700,000 fishing and tourism jobs at risk, according to a recent Oceana report.
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Peridinium quinquecorne (Figure 1) is a type of alga called a dinoflagellate, a single-celled organism with two whiplike flagella that it uses to move through the water column. The organism can be found year-round in many brackish and estuarine waters in Florida. Peridinium quinquecorne can tolerate temperatures from 16 to 38ºC (60-100ºF) and survive in a wide range of salinities (11 to more than 32 parts per thousand). Peak concentrations occur shortly after rainfall heavy enough to cause surface runoff. When P. quinquecorne occurs at very high concentrations, called a bloom, it can discolor water red to brown. While P. quinquecorne does not produce toxins, it can cause fish kills by depleting the available dissolved oxygen in the surrounding waters.
Figure 1. Peridinium quinquecorne(scanning electron micrograph)
Blooms of this organism have occurred alongshore of southwest Florida from late summer to early fall since 2005. In June 2010, several local fishermen in southern Lee and northern Collier counties reported discolored water. Water samples collected in these areas indicated a bloom of P. quinquecorne extending from southern Sanibel Island down to Seagate (Figure 2). Several fish kills reported in association with this bloom continued through October 2010.
Figure 2. Monitoring of 2010 blooms
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32532-012: Urban Sector Strategy Study
Project Data Sheet (PDS): Overview
The proposed Technical Assistance (TA) will develop a coordinated strategy that will link urbanization with national economic growth, urban employment opportunities, provision of urban services, management or urban finances, and the government's policies of encouraging private sector activity and increasing the efficiency of the public sector. Read More
|Project Number
|Type or Modality of Assistance
Technical Assistance
|Public sector (Sovereign)
|Approval Number
TA No. 3243
|Approval Date
|18 Aug 1999
Water supply and other municipal infrastructure and services
|Urban Sector Development
Project Data Sheets (PDS) contain summary information on the project or program. Because the PDS is a work in progress, some information may not be included in its initial version but will be added as it becomes available. Information about proposed projects is tentative and indicative.
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The Accountability Mechanism provides a forum where people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects can voice and seek solutions to their problems and report alleged noncompliance of ADB's operational policies and procedures.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of, or reference to, a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
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Next to its elegant products, Apple is best known for its iconic advertising–all the way from its famous (or infamous) IBM-baiting "1984″ Macintosh ads to its "Think Different" campaign to its minimalist iPod spots. Now Google is borrowing Apple's marketing mojo to promote its new Nexus 7 tablet computer.
Despite a deserved reputation for not doing many ads for its own products, Google was already making a small name for itself with a few scattered spots–even ones during the Super Bowl in 2011 and 2010–for selected products such as its Chrome browser. Some observers noted how Apple-like the "Dear Sophie" and "Parisian Love" ads were, so Google must have figured it might as well stick with what works.
Today, Google debuted a TV commercial for the Nexus 7 tablet that once again follows the Apple playbook: simple, cute ads with music that walks the edge of heartwarming and treacly. This one has a father and son using the tablet while camping–and if that sounds strange for a device that requires a WiFi connection, well, watch the ad to discover the twist.
Will the ads work? As the Atlantic points out, this one may not work as well as the others for several reasons that have to do with that twist. Others love it.
The only mystery is why Google is running these ads now, when the pricier version of the Nexus 7 is sold out. Yes, a product shortage–another page from Apple's playbook. What's next? Surely Google can come up with one more thing to copy Apple on?
* Update: After reading critical comments on this post here and on Google+, the critics may have a point, and not just that I sounded overly snarky. (Thus the change from "copying" to "following" in the headline. I'd change that throwaway last line, too–in fact, I did so on an adapted version of the post on my personal blog. But since it would be unfair to make existing comments look nonsensical by changing it here, I think I will have to cringe and live with it.) Anyway, as some people noted, not all Apple ads over the years are cute like Google's. So Google deserves kudos for crafting its own brand of emotional ads–kudos I've given Google before.
However, the Google ads certainly do recall some Apple ads in their heartstring-tugging, and I'm not the first one to point this out: There's a similar feel in the FaceTime ads, for sure, and even the "Get a Mac" ads, especially the one with Ellen Feiss. And the music in Google's ads still makes me think of several Apple ads.
For more, read:
Why Google's Nexus 7 Tablet Is Hotter Than Apple's iPad
Report: Apple's Mobile Ads Make More Money Than Google's


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I'm curious about different beet pulp feeding practices.
1) What kind of beet pulp do you feed?
2) How much of it do you feed?
3) Why do you do it that way?
I know I'm probably the exception due to how much I feed and why, but it gets me curious about what other people do.
3) # 1 and 2 will make more sense if I answer #3 first: I feed beet pulp because I'm an endurance rider and it's an excellent (not to mention nutritious!) way to get water into your horse for those long and exhausting rides. Therefore, my beet pulp formula is based on getting as much water into my horse as possible. So....
1) I feed pelleted because it absorbs the most water (and it's cheapest!).
2) I like to fill a small bucket for each horse, so this amount works for me normally. When we're in prime conditioning and competition season, I'll up it to a larger bucket. Right now, though, it's 1.25 quarts/1.9 lbs of dry beet pulp each, and it expands 8x (Today, I'm finding out what the water content of my soaked beet pulp is). For me, it's perfect, because they eat it all, I can afford it, and, most importantly, it fills their buckets perfectly :P
So what about you?


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Gear Review
Seems nice
I love the feel of the fabric! I'm positive that this item would have lived up to expectations if it hadn't been too big; I didn't get to test it out so only gave 4 stars. Obviously runs large so I will order a smaller size when available.
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