text:
Dr. Carson has written and taught extensively, specializing in American intellectual history. He is a frequent contributor to The Freemen.
Just what sort of organizations labor unions are is not only an intriguing but also an important question. It is a question which assumed much more importance after the United States government empowered them in the 1930s. By that empowerment they became legal entities, but what sort of entities was left in doubt. Congress did attempt to define them, but the definition was in terms of their composition and purpose, not of their nature or essence. Nor have economists or historians done much by way of clarifying their basic nature as organizations. Students and critics alike have tended to assume they are what they claim or appear to be.
Customarily, modern labor unions have been traced backward to their antecedents in the Middle Ages, the medieval guild. There are some similarities between the medieval guild and the modern labor union, but they are mostly superficial. Some medieval guilds were organizations of craftsmen. In this, they did resemble the modern trade union which is organized along the line of trades, skills, and arts. They were organized, too, to restrict entry into the craft. They did so, in the first place, by requiring years of apprenticeship and supervised work before the attainment of independent status as craftsmen. More broadly, as the Dutch historian, Henri Pirenne, pointed out, the craft guild's "essential aim was to protect the artisan, not only from external competition, but also from the competition of his fellow-members. It reserved the town market exclusively for him, closing it to foreign products, and at the same time it saw that no members of the profession grew rich to the detriment of the others."[1] In their monopolistic and egalitarian emphasis the guilds resembled labor unions.
But basically guilds were different from modern labor unions. Craft guildsmen were fundamentally merchant craftsmen. Although they did work at their crafts, they were organized primarily as merchants rather than as workmen. Their monopoly was of the sale of their products in a given jurisdiction, not of their labor. They were shoemakers, hatters, bakers, butchers, tailors, pewterers, and so forth, and they dealt directly with their customers.[2] The guilds were different, too, in that they were corporations; whereas, the modern labor union is not ordinarily incorporated. (Medieval corporations usually had a monopoly within a given jurisdiction; whereas, modern corporations may or may not have a monopoly.) Above all, it should be made clear that craft guildsmen were capitalists, though on a small scale, and they were not in any sense organized against employers, management, or capitalists.
Medieval Craftsmen
The craft guilds fitted within a medieval framework of specialization, status, regulation, and class. Their locus was the city or town within which they were incorporated. They were the craft counterpart of clergymen, knights, export merchants, and others. They were fraternal organizations within the social and religious setting of their age. As one history puts it, "The gilds were also religious associations, benefit societies, and social clubs . . . . Gildsmen attended the funerals of deceased members, and tried to care for their families. They kept candles burning in the chapel of their patron saint, and often hired special chaplains to say Masses for the repose of the souls of their dead colleagues."[3] In short, the craft guild was a medieval institution. It was a medieval mode for containing a commercial activity so that it would not become competitive and expansive. It was no more like a modern labor union than a knight in armor is like a twentieth century soldier.
True, there are some relics of the craft guilds to be found in the modern union, but they tend to conceal rather than reveal the nature of the modern union. The guild was the result of pressing yet another order of men into the medieval mold. The labor union is the leading edge of a militant collectivism aimed at fundamentally altering the prevailing order. This does not tell us what labor unions are, as organizations, but it focuses our attention in a direction where we may be able to discover the answer. Labor unions have never come close to comprising all those working people whom they claim as their clientele. They are, then, a portion of a whole, or, more precisely, several portions usually, since there have been divisions among unionists. In religious terminology, they are a sect, or several sects. And it is as a religion that they are now to be considered.
Moral Imperatives
The idea of unionism as a religion first occurred to me after reading an article in a historical journal. The article dealt with the use of appeals drawn from nineteenth century Protestant evangelism by union leaders. The author was concerned with the influence of certain religious ideas on unionism rather than with unionism as a religion. His main conclusion was that "Prophetic Protestantism offered labor leaders and their followers a trans-historic framework to challenge the new industrialism and a common set of moral imperatives to measure their rage against and to order their satisfactions."[4] These observations prompted my thinking along a somewhat different path.
The question that occurred to me was this: What if unionism is a secular religion? If it is, then, it has to be an established religion, for there is no doubt that labor unions were established by their empowerment in the 1930s. But whether or not unionism is a religion is the crucial question for which evidence of establishment provides no proof.
The burden of proof clearly rests on anyone who asserts that it is. It cannot be assumed. It is not generally accepted, or even alleged. It is not self-evident. Moreover, much of the evidence for it becomes evidence only when the connections have been made. Yet a strong case can be made that unionism is a religion, or, more precisely, religion-like, and that labor unions are esentially organized around a set of beliefs. And, when unions are viewed in this light, their basic character does begin to emerge.
Perhaps, the best approach to the religion-like character of unionism is through the feel of it. Unionism feels like a faith. It is something in which one believes or does not believe. The feeling of the unity of the working class has been its touchstone. "An injury to one is an injury to all" has been the phrase most commonly used to describe the "proper" attitude of a union man. An interesting sidelight on this occurred at the founding convention of the Industrial Workers of the World (I.W.W.) at Chicago in 1905. Amidst the revolutionary fervor of the proceedings, one of those present rose to question the accuracy of the phrase. He pointed out that an injury to one worker, or even to one group of workers, need not be an injury to all. Of course, he was silenced.[5] The Arian challenge about the divinity of Christ was at least entertained at the Council of Nicaea in 325; not so, reasonable objections to a primary article of faith of unionists in Chicago in 1905.
Missionary Zeal
The missionary character of union organizing work has sometimes been noted. One writer points out that "During the nineteenth century union organizers were often called 'missionaries' . . . . Nowadays, in the interest of greater accuracy, the term has been dropped."[6] But another writer declares that "Even in more current times, the motive power for new unionism is provided by men and women whose main drive is the spreading of the gospel of unionism."[7] The parallel with missionary work shows in this description by one organizer of his work: "Half of the mornings I would be up at a factory gate before 7 A.M . . . . distributing leaflets . . . . Each such morning was an experience; you didn't know whether the look you got from a passing worker indicated hostility, agreement, indifference, or what. A certain percentage always refused the leaflet . . . . others took them and ostentatiously tore them up. Always, however, there was a smiling face and one or two people who wished you luck. After a while you were able to strike up a conversation with some of them . . . . The idea was to form a nucleus of five or ten people, call them to a meeting . . . and let them do the recruiting from the inside."[8] The term "conversion" was sometimes used to describe what had happened to those who had come to believe in unionism.
Ideology as Religion
But the main proof of the religion-like character of unionism is in its dependence upon and relationship to ideology. Ideology is, if not the religion of modern man, the contemporary religion of many people. For some, secular ideologies have entirely supplanted transcendental religion. For others, they have come to supplement traditional religion so as to reduce it largely to the status of a relic. And for almost everyone, the pervading intellectual outlook is temporal, secular, and this-worldly. Ideologies fill the place vacated by traditional religious belief and tend to provide such religion as many people have.
The onset of ideologies which supplanted or supplemented transcendental religion was signaled by the appearance of numerous "isms" in the nineteenth century, such as, socialism, conservatism, liberalism, transcendentalism (man's transcendence), communism, capitalism, Darwinism, materialism, scientism, progressivism, and so on. Not all of these were fullfledged ideologies, but the tendency in that direction was indicated by the attaching of the suffix "ism" to words.
Leaders as Ideologues
Unionism might have been an ideology itself, distinct and independent of all others. For some, it may have been. A case can be made that the ideology of Samuel Gompers, longtime head of the American Federation of Labor, was unionism. One labor historian describes his attitude this way: "The trade union's purpose was to maximize the price of labor through collective bargaining . . . . For the worker the supreme loyalty must be to the union; for the union supreme loyalty must be to the economic advancement of the worker. For the organization must be exclusive, uncontaminated—'pure and simple.' Nonworkers who intervened in union affairs were meddlers . . . ."[9] If William Green, who succeeded Gompers as head of the A.F. of L., was anything other than a unionist the fact has not come out. Indeed, the list of union leaders who were ideological unionists, if ideologues at all, should include John L. Lewis, William L. Hutcheson, such Teamsters as Dave Beck and Jimmy Hoffa, and, in more recent times, George Meany. Such unionism, too, falls considerably short of being a religion.
But unionism in America is not an independent ideology, not usually, not historically, and not in those dogmas which are necessary to its general acceptance. It is not that "pure and simple" unionism would not succeed sometimes as a basis of organization and in the advancement of some particular group of workers. William L. ("Big Bill") Hutcheson demonstrated the poten tialities of such unionism with the Carpenter's union which he headed for several decades. He was a huge man who was determined to and did become master of his domain. His domain, in his view, included all who worked with wood or with materials that had been substituted for wood. His jurisdictional battles were legendary, and his domination of those under him was rarely questioned. "His world was seen through the narrow-angle lens of the union's interests; his only concern was with what was good for the Carpenters, not with what was good for the labor movement, workers in general, or America."[10] The anti-social charactor of his unionism was apparent to all who would see it. Moreover, it is highly doubtful that he could have succeeded to the extent that he did without the protective coloration drawn from another ideology and which was coming generally to prevail.
Unionism is a derivative ideology; it derives from and depends upon socialism. Its collectivism finds its justification in socialism. The crucial doctrines of class consciousness and the class struggle derive from socialism. Socialist ideology provided the protective coloration for union advancement of the interests of particular groups.
Influenced by Socialism
One way to examine the dependence of unionism on socialism is through the influence of socialism on union leaders over the years. That is larger than is generally recognized.
Even Samuel Gompers, accepted in his day as being among the most conservative of union leaders, was influenced by socialism. He heard the doctrines of socialism from German and Hungarian immigrants who worked alongside him making cigars in New York City."[11] He also studied them on his own.[12] Gompers disavowed the utopianism of socialism and steered clear of militant class struggle rhetoric, but Theodore Draper holds that the Marxist influence might be the key to his opposition to union involvement in politics.
There were two prominent strains in socialism in the United States in the 1870s and 1880s, one stemming from Lassalle and the other from Marx. Marx opposed the political road to socialism, while Lassalle favored it. Out of this ferment came "ex-Socialists and former Socialist sympathizers who moved from trade-union socialism to trade unionism without socialism. Two cigar makers, Adolph Strasser and Samuel Gompers, traveled this road from socialism to 'pure and simple' trade unionism. The American Federation of Labor, which they were largely instrumental in forming in 1886, in part grew out of the reaction against political unionism."[13] At any rate, the influence of socialism was there at the inception.
With many other labor leaders, there was no doubt of their commitment to socialism. Eugene Debs, quadrennial candidate for President on the Socialist ticket, organized the American Railway Union in 1893. Although his conversion to socialism was subsequent to this, his position on the relationship between unionism and socialism is made clear in the title of a book he published in 1904: Unionism and Socialism, a Plea for Both. He was a prominent figure at the organizing convention of the IWW and for several years thereafter in its work. Daniel De Leon, head of the Socialist Labor party was also a union leader and an important spokesman at the founding of the IWW. William D. ("Big Bill") Haywood, longtime leader of the IWW was so radical that he was expelled from the executive committee of the Socialist party in 1913.[14]
David Dubinsky, leader of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, was an enthusiastic socialist before he became a union leader. He was born in Czarist Russia, made his way to the United States in 1911, and within days of his arrival joined the Socialist party. For several years thereafter, his main interest was socialist activities.[15] Sidney Hillman, leader of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers and eventual confidant of President Franklin Roosevelt, was a Russian by birth and a socialist in his early life also. Indeed, in Russia, he had been a Menshevik, the less violent of the Marxist Communist parties.[16] Homer Martin, the president of the United Auto Workers who took the union into the CIO, was under the influence—perhaps, domination would be nearer the mark-of Jay Lovestone. Lovestone was an anti-Stalinist who formed his own small Communist party.[17] The socialist background of Walter Reuther, long a leader in the UAW and CIO, may be better known. His father was a socialist, and he trained his sons to follow in his footsteps. Walter and Victor were members of the Socialist party, and Walter only finally resigned from it to become a Democrat in 1938.[18]
"Fellow Travelers"
A goodly number of union leaders were Communists, or closely associated with them, particularly in the 1930s and 1940s. This was the case with Harry Bridges of the Long- shoremens,[19] Michael Quill of the Transport Workers Union, and Joseph Curran of the Maritime Workers Union.[20] Lee Pressman, who served as General Counsel for the CIO, had joined the Communist party in 1934 and left it in 1935, according to his statement.[21] Len DeCaux, editor of the CIO News in the 1930s was characterized by Eugene Lyons as a "Fellow Traveler" of the Communists.[22] John L. Lewis used Communists with reckless abandon in organizing the CIO, and Philip Murray, who succeeded him as the head of the organization, did little to disturb their entrenched positions in many unions.[23] Murray, incidentally, had been influenced by the British Fabian socialists, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, in his conception of unions.[24]
Many more names could be given and connections made, but the above should be enough to make the point. My point, of course, is to show that unionism is lineally connected to socialism, that the modern labor union was in considerable measure the offspring of socialism, and that socialists gravitated toward unions and union work. (It should go without saying that it is no part of my purpose to indict people for their beliefs or associations, but since there are those who do, it probably needs saying.)
The role of unions for radical socialists has been described this way: "To be sure, revolutionary class consciousness . . . must await the capitalist crisis that would prove the inability of the economic system to meet the workers' needs. Prior to the crisis, however, political and trade union activity prepared the workers organizationally and ideologically for the conflict that would result in great social changes. Radi cals were to enter the trade unions in order to win over workers to the ideas of socialism, but also to encourage militant struggles for immediate demands."[25]
The Religion-like Nature of Socialism and Unionism
The place of socialism in unionism varied greatly, of course: for some it was the springboard into unionism; for others the unions were simply a means of moving toward socialism; for yet others socialism had only provided a framework for unionism of which they may have been more or less conscious. Many individual union members are probably not aware at all of the socialist assumptions which inform unionism.
My broader point is this. Socialism is a religion, or is religion-like, and unionism by derivation is also religion-like. Socialism is religion-like because of its vision of creating a heaven-on-earth. Bertram D. Wolfe concluded the following about Marxism:
In an age prepared for by nearly two thousand years of Christianity with its millennial expectations, when the faith of millions has grown dim, and the altar seems vacant of its image, Marxism has arisen to offer a fresh, antireligious religion, a new faith, passionate and demanding, a new vision of the Last Things, a new Apocalypse, and a new Paradise.[26]
Other varieties of socialism, such as gradualist or democratic, may hold forth the vision less dogmatically, yet they, too, are religion like in their faith. The vision, linked with its unionist thrust, was articulated this way at the founding convention of the IWW:
The road is no doubt long and weary, many centuries have passed before us; centuries of slavery, degradation, misery and disease. Never before have all the forces been present and all the materials at hand to release the world from economic slavery . . . . When such a transformation has occurred results which would be considered by the early Utopians as wild and chimerical will be realized . . . .[27]
Once the view that labor unions are religion-like organizations is accepted, they come into focus, as they never do from any other angle. They are usually advanced as being economic organizations and, sometimes, also as political organizations. But they are not economic organizations: they produce nothing; they transport nothing; and they sell nothing. They are dis-economic organizations. If economy be understood as comprising those actions which are aimed at making available the greatest quantity of goods and services that are most wanted with the least expenditure of the means of production, i.e., land, labor, and capital, then labor unions do not fit into it. Their thrust is in the opposite direction, to raise the price of labor, to restrict the ways in which the means of production may be employed, and thus to increase the cost of production. A corporation is an economic organization; a labor union is some other kind of organization.
Not Primarily Political
Nor is the labor union primarily a political organization. That is not to say that labor unions may not engage in political activities, which they do from time to time, but rather to note that the political effort must always be subordinated to the sectarian interests of their members, else they will consider themselves to have been betrayed. The tangles in which the British Labour govern ments have been caught when they have attempted to deal with unions illustrate the point well. But, at any rate, labor unions are not basically political organizations in the United States.
Labor unions are religious, or religion-like, organizations, and, as I say, once this is grasped they come into focus. Their immediate goals are ethical in character; their ultimate goals are religious. Their economic claims are ethical in character: this is so whether they are pressing for higher pay or dealing with particular grievances of their members. Their political activity has as its purported end the attainment of conditions within which they can successfully press their ethical claims. It is quite possible that both union ethics and religion-like beliefs can be subjected to withering criticism, but that is another matter. What I am doing here is to establish that they are ethical and religion-like organizations, and, having done so, to show where they belong in our system.
As a religion, unionism comes clearly into focus under our constitutional law. The First Amendment to the Constitution declares that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof . . . ." Historically, the prohibition has two aspects. First, since the United States had no established church or religion when the Constitution was written, it effectually prohibits the establishment of any by the United States government. Second, since some states did have established churches, it prohibited Congress to interfere with these, or such as states might thereafter establish, for it prohibits Congress to make laws respecting, i.e., in regard to, "an establishment of religion."
Note, too, that it is religion that Congress is prohibited to establish, the most comprehensive way of describing what they were after. This was deliberate. The amendment as it was originally passed by the House and Senate, each acting separately, read this way:
Congress shall make no law establishing articles of faith, or a mode of worship, or prohibiting the free exercise of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech, or the press, or the right of people peaceably to assemble, and petition to the government for the redress of grievances.[28]
Two major changes were made by the conference committee on this amendment before it was approved and sent to the states. One was the substitution of"respecting an establishment of religion" for "establishing articles of faith, or a mode of worship."[29] The other change was more subtle but hardly less important. It substituted semicolons for three of. the commas in the original proposal. Thus, that part of the amendment dealing with religion is separated from speech and press by a semicolon, as are assembly and petition from the other two sections.
The amendment, as originally drawn, was a rather narrow effort to guarantee that the new government would not tamper with what were called at that time, "the rights of conscience." Conceivably, it could have been construed to apply only to matters of faith and belief. The changes greatly broadened what was prohibited and by separating the rights protected from one another by stronger marks of punctuation tended to universalize them. And, what is most germane here, it prohibited the establishment of religion.
Establishing Unionism as an Official Religion
When Congress empowered labor unions in the 1930s, it transgressed the prohibition against establishing religion. It went far toward establishing unionism as an official religion. For example, in the Wagner Act of 1935 Congress proclaimed as correct doctrine what is in fact union dogma. To wit:
The inequality of bargaining power between employees who do not possess full freedom of association or actual liberty of contract, and employers who are organized in the corporate or other forms of ownership association substantially burdens and affects the flow of commerce, and tends to aggravate recurrent business depressions, by depressing wage rates and the purchasing power of wage earners in industry and by preventing the stabilization of competitive wage rates and working conditions within and between industries.[30]
More important, it gave labor unions standing which can be fruitfully compared with that of established churches. An established church is one which has special standing before the government. It has been granted special privileges, may have a monopoly within a state or country, and enjoys the protection and support of the government. While the Catholic church had some of the attributes of an established church in Medieval Europe, the species took on its full form during the Protestant Reformation. The Medieval church did not consider itself to be a creature of any or all of the states; on the contrary, it preferred the position that the state was a creature of the church. Not so, however, the churches that were established during the Reformation. In many countries and principalities, the religion of the prince was to be the religion of his subjects. The Peace of Augsburg of 1548, which dealt with Germany, provided that the "princes and governments of the Free Cities were to be allowed to choose between the Roman and the Lutheran faith, but their subjects must either conform to this faith . . . or emigrate."[31] In England, the king became head of the church as well as head of the state.
Of course, the parallels between established churches and established unions are not exact. Still, there are some highly suggestive similarities. In both cases, the government did the establishing, or recognition and protection. True, during the Reformation, it was the prince who made the decision; nowadays the decisions for unions are made by majorities. But the former was in the days of the divine right of kings; whereas, we live in the age of the divine right of majorities. The industrial strife of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries parallels the religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth, and if the full thrust of socialism and the attendant wars is added to the computation the more recent conflicts have been even bloodier than the earlier ones. Churches often have had their canon law; labor unions, by contrast, live under administrative law. And, no Holy Synod has ever scrutinized with greater care the articles of faith than does the National Labor Relations Board, the rules which emerge from its decisions.
The Use of Compulsion
Perhaps, the most crucial similarity between established churches and established unions lies in the use of compulsion. Established churches were supported by compulsory tithes and taxes, often collected by the government. Unions are supported by dues which become compulsory for all workers where a union has been established. Attendance at the established church was frequently required of all inhabitants. In the nature of things, church membership was not compulsory, but many advantages were attendant upon it. Where the union is established, all workers must accept the union as bargaining agent, whether they belong or not. Churches excommunicated; unions expel recalci trant members. No one was supposed to have relations with an excommunicated person. Expelled union members ordinarily only lose their jobs. The Medieval Church could lay regions under interdict, thus denying religious services to people in the area. National unions have been known to pronounce unions as being outside the fold and thus their members to be treated as non-union workers.
The main argument for an established church was that effective government over a people required that they all be of the same faith and belief. The main argument for established unions is that they must be united in order to accomplish their ends. Underlying both these arguments is the idea of a common enemy, or enemies who have to be met and overcome. For Reformation churches, it was other princes, rulers of different faiths, and, ultimately, no doubt, a wily Satan. For labor unions, it is capitalists who will overwhelm them if they are not united.
In sum, unionism is an ideology. It is an ideology which arose from and was enlivened by a religion-like ideology, socialism. When government empowered unions, it established a religion, in effect. When unions were permitted to use compulsion and to have the compulsion of government used for them, they took on the semblance of established churches. This way of looking at them brings them within the framework of historical understanding. There is no reason to believe that when James Madison drafted the First Amendment that he thought either religion or churches were an evil. The evil he sought to prevent was government establishment. Could anything less be said of labor unions? []
1. Henri Pirenne, Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1937), p. 183.
3. James W. Thompson and Edgar N. Johnson, An Introduction to Medieval Europe (New York: Norton, 1937), p. 594.
4. Herbert G. Gutman, "Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: The Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age," American Historical Review, vol. 72, p. 83.
5. See Proceedings of the Founding Convention of the I.W.W. (New York, Merit Publishers, 1969), pp. 245-46.
6. Robert R. R. Brooks, When Labor Organizes (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1937), p. 9.
7. Jack Barbash, The Practice of Unionism (New York: Harper & Bros., 1956), p. 19.
8. Sidney Lens, Unrepentant Radical (Boston: Beacon Press, 1980), pp. 206-07.
9. Irving Bernstein, The Lean Years (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960), p. 91; see also, Irving Bernstein, "Samuel Gompers and Free Silver, 1896," Mississippi Valley Historical Review, vol. 29, p. 394.
10. Bernstein, The Lean Years, p. 112.
11. See Samuel E. Morison and Henry S. Commager, The Growth of the American Republic, vol. II (New York: Oxford University Press, 1942), p. 157.
12. See Ida M. Tarbell, The Nationalizing of Business, 1878—1898 (New York: Macmillan, 1936), p. 156.
13. Theodore Draper, The Roots of American Communism (New York: Viking, 1957), p. 12.
15. See Irving Bernstein, Turbulent Years (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969), pp. 78-79.
20. Eugene Lyons, The Red Decade (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1970), p. 223.
21. Bernstein, Turbulent Years, p. 452.
24. Bernstein, Turbulent Years, p. 445.
25. Stanley Aronowitz, False Promises: The Shaping of American Working Class Consciousness (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973), p. 3.
26. Bertram D. Wolfe, Marxism (New York: Dial, 1965), p. 369.
27. Proceedings, op. cit., pp. 141-42.
28. Robert A. Rutland, The Birth of the Bill of Rights (New York: Collier Books, 1962), p. 215.
30. Henry S. Commager, Documents of American History, vol. II (New York: Appleton-Cen- tury-Crofts, 1962), p. 314.
31. Preserved Smith, The Reformation in Europe (New York: Collier Books, 1962), p. 107.
Laissez Faire
The medieval epoch was finished. Individualism was exalted to a way of life. The foundations of modern capitalism were laid. The powers of government were limited. Free enterprise began. In pursuit of his economic ends, on his way to transform the world, European man was released from the restraints and sanctions imposed upon him both by the ecclesiastical tyranny and a vast bureaucratic system of administrative law . . . .
The two ancient enemies of laissez faire were the state and the church. Laissez faire represented the principle of radicalism in both religion and economics. Radicalism was the sword of liberty. Neither the state nor the church has ever loved liberty.


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|4 posts found
Novice Member
Joined: 5/28/04
From Q & A on the game dev site
"we are building what we believe is the largest Fantasy gaming MMO world in existence. 900,000,000 square kilometers, to be precise"
"We make the ultimate use of instancing. When you go on a quest by yourself or with a group of up to eight players, the entire world you enter is an instance"
"One item, due to our goal of Quest improvement, we did have to sacrifice raids. The maximum number of players in a group is eight."
"On the flip side, you may have to face large numbers of monsters opponent groups. We can offer this because we know we won't have to handle too many players in one location."
"There are several ways to travel in CoS. Walking and horseback are the most obvious. CoS also offers Permanent and Personal portals. "
Ok so they have a game world but all your quests are instanced so no raids. So no non instanced dungeons then?
So its DDO with a larger map. but you now have to move around still on the map to get to where you want to go. either on foot horseback or the diablo style portal system.
Personally i like the quests and the storyline stuff but having all of the quests instanced is not the way to go.
They going to have a huge world but sounds like that world is only for player owned housing, pvp and building a party to do quests that you may or may not have to travel mins to hours RL time to get to the location to start.
1. Add non instanced dungeons so you have the best of both worlds.
Anyone else think of any thing they could do to improve rather then this instanced only quest system
please feel free to comment or add your opinion and ideas
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Hard Core Member
Joined: 9/16/07
Citadel of Sorcery dev team member
Originally posted by FeldronI second the idea of people adding their opinions and ideas, it's a free world and forums are made for that very thing.
As to your suppositions about Citadel of Sorcery. People seem to be missing the point about going on a Quest with a group. We're not creating an instance of their quest... we're creating the entire world as their instance. Everything. When you say that the big world is just for player housing (which we may or may not even have) , grouping up etc., you are incorrect. The world is for questing, all of it.
The idea behind creating a Reflected World for the group's quest is so that we can use everything to facilitate the story and quests. This kind of quest is not possible when another group can come through and mess things up.
DDO's system is very different, with linear repeating instanced adventures. Our quests are non-linear, not-repeated, full worlds. The depth of quest immersion in this system is (in our opinion) unmatched in current MMO games.
Finally... quests in the Reflected Worlds are not the only game play available. There is also non-group limited multi-player areas for adventure in a dynamic world setting, though in these areas you will be involved in bigger sweeping events rather than intricate custom made quests.
For the moment, this is all I'm going to go into about how the system works. There is a lot that I'm not at liberty to discuss at this time.
My final comment is that we do not expect to please everyone in the world with this system. We would rather give quality adventures to those players who want this kind of emersive game play rather than attempt to please everyone and do a half assed job on the whole thing.
Novice Member
Joined: 5/28/04
"We're not creating an instance of their quest... we're creating the entire world as their instance. Everything.
Finally... quests in the Reflected Worlds are not the only game play available. There is also non-group limited multi-player areas for adventure in a dynamic world setting, though in these areas you will be involved in bigger sweeping events rather than intricate custom made quests."
Ok with the first statement here it sounds like there is no static game world and is like D2. You make a world and players join, but with past history setting up whats going on
Then the second statement say things are a bit different
So is the world limited to 8 players?
Does the second statement mean only that players joining your world can go off and do solo content and arent't forced into your party by merely joing your world?
If i under this right you have a multi pleyer game with up 8 players at a time per instanced world and changing storyline and content.
Hard Core Member
Joined: 9/16/07
Citadel of Sorcery dev team member
Originally posted by FeldronYou have it partially correct, but not completely. We knew there would be inevitable comparisons to D2, just as there have been several other posts that claim we are just like LOTRO and DDO, etc.
The fact is, we're not like any of them, but people keep wanting to pigeon hole us into one game they've played or another.
As to your comments, yes, there are full instanced worlds built for questing groups... but there are also multiplayer worlds as well. You can keep poking at this, but no matter how many times you try to fit us into something else you have seen, you will inevitably be wrong.
We're just not ready to reveal everything about our system. Partly because it is new and we want to keep some of it under wraps, and partly because portions are still in flux as we test and talk with players.
You will just have to wait until later to find out exactly what we are doing in our game world. Not that I blame you for not getting it right, since we haven't given you enough information to nail it down, but that is by design.
Citadel of Sorcery dev team member


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The Potato Report
MySA staffers, E-N folk and whoever else we'd like to include discuss, ponder and obsess over some of our favorite shows.
Posts by Author
V: 'John May lives.'
The cult of Anna certainly explains the Fifth Column. Between her "Bliss" and suicide by pill, no wonder they are trying to expose her. The suicide bomber was still an unnecessary, extreme reaction. We learn lizard babies need phosphorus in the womb, and humans don't make enough. Glad to know Ryan is thinking these plans […] [Read More]
V: 'It's a miracle, this baby.'
Watching the intro for Tuesday's episode, I was reminded of how long it had been since the last episode was on and how I had forgotten everything except for the lizard baby (how could you forget that?). Oh, yeah, the priest getting stabbed was the cliffhanger. Since it was last on, I finally finished watching […] [Read More]
Caprica: Robot on the run
Sometimes flashbacks help with storytelling, i.e., Lost, but I'm not really sure what it added here. This show has too many parallel storylines — this being the finale, it had to touch on all of them — that understanding how the police chase came to be by going backward was not useful. Is STO a […] [Read More]
Caprica: Just be the robot.
Only two episodes left… Many times I've watched a TV show and thought: there is no way that child could reasonably be the product of those parents. Yes, I know about recessive genes, but I don't see how Eric Stoltz and Paula Malcomson could fictionally have a child that looks like Alessandra Torresani. I hadn't […] [Read More]
Caprica: 'She's smart…she's an Adama.'
This week, we delve a little more into Amanda Greystone's past. I thought she seemed a little unstable, which turned out to be an understatement. She spent a couple of years in Crazy Town after she was involved in a car accident where her brother died. Seeing your dead brother is not exactly the sign […] [Read More]
Caprica: 'My dream is to tear up your dream.'
If it wasn't for the Cylon robots and the Caprica/colonies references, I'm starting to forget this show is connected to BSG. This is not a complaint, but an illustration that the show is slowly building an identity of its own. John Pyper-Ferguson, another Canadian journeyman actor, is a great add to the cast as magnate […] [Read More]
Caprica: 'They will live forever in your hearts.'
Caprica has been doing an expert job of commenting on our society while being enough like it that we recognize ourselves, but not so much as to disallow the fantasy element of the show. They text each other and watch television, but they also have those super-cool eSheets (I've been told this is the name […] [Read More]
Caprica: She's a dancin', dancin' machine!
My TV viewing is largely dominated by the Olympics these days, but I made a little time out for Friday's episode of "Caprica." I've got ice dancing to watch, so let's get to the comments: When Sister Clarice said "plural marriage," she wasn't joking. It's not just spouse-swapping, but also bed-sharing. Um, okay. But keep […] [Read More]
Caprica: 'Can you be free if you're not real?'
Some thoughts on Friday's episode of "Caprica": Another example of making the MSM look self-absorbed: when the angry mob throws a bottle at Mrs. Greystone, the reporter doesn't really seem to care if Amanda is okay (probably better for ratings if she isn't), but she makes a point of telling her audience that she was […] [Read More]
Caprica: 'My daughter is a terrorist.'
I had decided to wait for the second episode before I wrote about "Caprica," mainly because I wasn't sure if I wanted to. Sure, I'm the "Battlestar" blogger, but a lot has been written about the pilot, and I watched it mostly out of duty. The writers had a lot of people and plot to […] [Read More]
Show More


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Shane Lyons of Distilled Shares His Favorite Lower East Side Restaurants
In the brief time that Shane Lyons, the chef at Distilled, has worked and lived in the Lower East Side, he's noticed that "99 Cent stores are now French restaurants." But the neighborhood's history and diversity are enough to keep him around and trying new places to eat. Here are his favorites. More


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W: Harden (3-2)
L: Cecil (4-5)
S: Bailey (14)
The A's are starting to find there swing on the road. It's better late than never I suppose. Rich Harden tossed his best game of the season, 7 innings of 1 run ball, and the Oakland Athletics have won three straight road games for the first time since April 9-11th. The A's used the longball and beat the Toronto Blue Jays 4-1.
Harden gave up a second inning home run to Edwin Encarnacion but pitched lights out after that. He also retired eight straight batters between the 4th and 6th inning. After walking Encarnacion, followed by a Cody Rasmus single, Harden was in a 1st and 3rd, no out jam to start the seventh inning. The dangerous Aaron Hill popped up to second, and strikeouts of J.J. Arencibia and Brett Lawrie ended Toronto's chance to take put runs on the board. Much to the liking of a very fired up Harden, who pitched seven innings, giving up a run on five hits, striking out eight on 107 pitches. Grant Balfour pitched a scoreless eighth, and Andrew Bailey picked up his 14th save of the season.
The A's used the longball to get on the board. Josh Willingham hit a two run homer of Cecil in the sixth inning to give the A's a 2-1 lead. It was his 18th of the season. Willingham finished 1-for-3. Kurt Suzuki added insurance with his tenth home run of the season in the seventh inning. He finished 2-for-4 on the night. Ryan Sweeney would bring in David DeJesus in the ninth inning with an RBI single. The A's and Blue Jays had six hits each.
Encarnacion and Yunel Escobar each had two hits for Toronto. Hill, Jose Bautista, and Adam Lind all went 0-for-4 in the ballgame.
Game two of the series will match Gio Gonzales (9-9 3.10 ERA) against Henderson Alvarez (Major League Debut). Alvarez has spend all of the 2011 Season in Double-A New Hampsire. Gio looks to rebound from what has been a poor second half where he has gone 1-4 in his last five starts.
Player Of The Game : Harden: 7 inn, 5 hits, 1 ER, 2 BB, 8K, 107-71 Pitches/Strikes
Game Notes:
Hedeki Matsui went 0-for-4 ending his 15 game hit streak. This marks the A's first three game road winning streak since April 9th-11th when they beat the Minnesota Twins (2 games) and the Chicago White Sox (1 game)


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I am a PhD candidate in the School of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia. I am a member of CYber-Security and Privacy (CySPri) laboratory and Network Research Laboratory (NRL), and pursue my research under supervision of Prof. Sanjay Jha and Prof. Aleksandar Ignjatovic
I received my MSc. in Computer Engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Department of Computer Engineering and I obtained my BSc. in Computer Engineering from Amirkabir University of Technology, Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology.
My research activities focus on trust based data aggregation in wireless sensor networks and I am broudly interested in research on the following topics:
Contact Details:
501H, Building K-17
School of Computer Science and Engineering
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
High St, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
Email: mrezvani [AT] cse [DOT] unsw [DOT] edu [DOT] au
Tel: + 61 2 9385 7386 (Internal: x57386)
Fax: + 61 2 9385 5995


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Postgraduate support
Whether you've had an extended break from study, are coming straight from an undergraduate degree, or are studying by research or coursework, this is an exciting new step in your life. Throughout your time here we offer a range of resources to help you achieve your personal and professional goals, and a number of ways to get involved in university life.
- Accomodation Services
- Careers Centre
- Counselling & Psychological Services (CAPS)
- Financial Support
- Learning Centre
- Sydney University Postgraduate Representative Association (SUPRA)
- Research Support
- Graduate Studies Office
Student Support Services
After Orientation there are a number of ways to become involved in university life. Below are some suggestions and be sure to check out the first year survival tips as well.
Accomodation Services
Whether you live on or off campus or are here for the summer, you will find yourself living in one of Sydney's suburbs. You may apply to live in one of the University's on-campus accommodation or be looking for assistance in your off-campus accommodation search. We can help simplify finding a place to live.
Use the accommodation database to find off-campus housing. People who are looking for tenants can also use this database to advertise.
Find out more information here.
Careers Centre
At the Careers Centre, postgraduate students can take part in 'resume rescue' workshops, one-to-one consultations and faculty-specific workshops that run throughout the year.
- careers in academia
- interview techniques
- networking
- presenting your research – how to capture your audience
- resume writing
- writing cover letters
All students are strongly encouraged to sign up on CareerHub, where you can receive job alerts and access a database of current openings for jobs locally and overseas.
They also provide a Resource Centre which is open to all students, and experienced careers consultants can offer advice on how to market your postgraduate degree, employment opportunities, career options and other career development areas.
Check the website for further information.
Counselling & Psychological Services (CAPS)
Counselling and Psychological Services (CAPS) runs a workshop specifically for postgraduate research students in Semester 1. Have a look at the CAPS website in February for full details of this and other helpful workshops.
For more information about postgraduate student support from CAPS, see here.
Financial Support
There are several options for financial support during your time at the University.
The Scholarships and Financial Support Service can assist you in covering the costs for essential living and study expenses including textbooks, equipment, and overseas conference travel in some instances. For more information, see the website.
Learning Centre
The Learning Centre offers workshops throughout the semester and has a range of programs targeted to postgraduate students available during the summer holidays.
They also provide online resources to help yourself , including writing a thesis and writing up research targeted for postgraduates.
Sydney University Postgraduate Representative Association (SUPRA)
SUPRA is the postgraduate student representative association that provides advice, advocacy and support for all postgraduate students at the University of Sydney.
They have a range of ways for you to get involved in university life and provide various publications to help familiarise you with the university.
University of Sydney Union
Keen to meet fellow postgrad students? The University of Sydney Union hosts monthly events with free food and drinks just for post grads including [[http://www.usu.edu.au/Get-Involved/Postgraduate-students.aspx||Tell Grads It's Friday, a monthly networking event and Tell Grads Let's Play, a monthly sports night. You'll need an ACCESS card to attend.


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Gilford Public Library
31 Potter Hill Road - Gilford, NH 03249 603-524-6042
Mon, Wed, Fri: 9 - 6 Tues, Thurs: 9- 8 Saturday: 10 - 2
Books / Audio / Digital
Activities / Events
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Best of the Web
Suggested Internet Links
Local - Arts and Entertainment
Return to Main Index of Internet Links
Visiting New Hampshire
The official site of the NH Division of Travel and Tourism Development.
Great Waters Music Festival
The Great Waters Music Festival in Wolfeboro, NH provides diversified programs that appeals to a variety of musical tastes.
Winnipesaukee Playhouse
The Winni Playhouse is a year-round, family-run theatre dedicated to bringing quality arts and entertainment to the Lakes Region.
The Lake Winnipesaukee Homepage
Welcome to The Lake Winnipesaukee home page, which is your online portal to The Lakes Region.
New Hampshire Theatre
This link has information on local and state theatre companies with up-to-date information of upcoming shows.


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Register now for free, or sign in with any of these services:
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Don't worry. You can change this setting at any time to another local edition.
saluki, the mortgage industry debacle was not caused by Repubs. It was Ms. Barney Frank, who, if you've ever had the slightest inclination to look at history, who pushed through the "if they can fog a mirror, let them finance a home at 100%" policy. Auto sales? Toyota, Honda, et al, beat the crap out of GM, Ford and Chrysler and that had nothing to do with the wars we were again. I do agree that Bush was wrong to be involving us in Iraq and I agree it cost us way to much in terms of lives lost and money.
Bush was a poor president, I also agree on that. But let's not blame him for the mortgage crisis. Now, if you want to blame him on the secret $78 billion to banks, okay. The oil industry getting favorable treatment. Ditto. But share the blame on housing-Barney Frank will forever have that on his shoulders.
Hey, Chadd, if you're going to post questions and answers you might want to try answering the questions (see NCAA Question 1 and 2.
If you believe that a loss at home counts as a loss and a half, how do you compare a loss by 3 points (Alabama) and one by 6 points (Oklahoma State)?
Pom, it was actually Bill Oliver, during the recruitment of Bo, who told Bo that he'd not be able to play his freshman year. Just trying to correct a small thing about Bama history that may time have distorted in your memory.
Well, Tom, I went to the FRED site and here's what I found; you're a lefty that fails to admit that one horrific occurrence helped bring about our economic downturn, namely, Barney Frank saying we never had a problem with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, that if we would just give someone who can fog a mirror after cashing their welfare check a chance to buy a house that they could never afford otherwise, then our country was going to sail right along without ANY problem whatsoever.
Yeah, right.
I'm saying it's not Obama's fault. Heck, I voted for the guy. But for you to try to place the blame on Repubs, well, TtO, you're part of the problem yourself.
aintdid, you just made a most appropriate comment on how we can address what's going on in other countries without, perhaps, defunding the UN. Just defund the countries that take our money year after year. No aide to any other country. If we hold out a dollar, we get something (toys made in China, petro from the middle east, etc.). But no foreign aide.
Of course, the risk is that these little fart countries will lash out by trying to vote us OUT of the UN. Hmmm. Then, they'll leave and go to another land? And tell us they don't need our 22% funding of the operating budget? Hey, let 'em go to China and tell China to pony up. Let's see how that works out.
Bob, I lived in Mississippi for 10 years and I can tell you, not only does MS raise more tax money (primarily, as you point out-through the agriculture taxation on farmland) but the money is much better spent (think education dollars for teachers doing jail time, sewer projects that cost billions, etc.). The good-old boy system is fully entrenched in Alabama and I see no way out for the less fortunate of this state. Sad, but true.
My mantra is vote out anyone who's been in office in Montgomery. Period. Let every potential public servant know that if they don't get change done in the state capitol that they're one-and-done.
On the eve before his plea, the Elba city school board transferred Spicer from schools superintendent to the newly created position of director of operations. The reclassification shields him from state laws that require a superintendent's removal by a felony conviction. The Dothan Eagle reported Spicer could step down from the new job in 2012 and qualify for full retirement benefits from the state, making it his 25th year in education.
And Paul Hubbert and the AEA wonder why so many of us taxpayers spit on the ground whenever we speak of the education system in Alabama.
Hey, Frank! Add Bill Clinton. "I did not have sexual relations with that woman."
Lots of speculation, there, sup.
pike, Eric Holder, the esteemed US Attorney General has already given the Black Panthers a free pass, remember? They blocked the entrance to voting sites in Philadelphia, were videoed doing it and EH refused to prosecute because of a 'lack of evidence.'
Remind me, what country do the Black Panthers represent?
And, do you REALLY have a flag or are you just trying to be an irritant?
I'm okay with your Black Panther flag. Are you okay with my Stars and Stripes? That's the REAL question.
Am I missing something here? Why can't Gov. Dr. Bentley use the same State Troopers that Gov. Riley used to crash the casinos and sign up Juan and Juanita as citizens, have Mr. Spencer then issue payrolls instead of cash, pay the now-legal immigrants a wage that includes payroll deductions for SS, FICA, etc?
That way we're replacing the jobs that Booby Riley cut with jobs that Paul and Mary won't do and the government collect taxes.
I agree with you, eggfoot, and might I add; the citizens of JeffCo have what they elected.
Dickey, as long as you deny the facts set forth in the Holy Bible you will continue to say, "There has been no significant evidence brought forth to oppose it." You make your choice of what to believe, I'll make mine.
Congratulations to the Jefferson County voters who got what they asked (voted) for-representation at its' best!(snicker, snicker)
Borus, I'm willing to put my money where my mouth is. FACT
Aubie was supposed to have cupcake win vs. Utah State. FACT
Bama beats Joe Pa next week. FACT
Aubie has his tail cut off by Bulldogs. FACT
LSU finishes season out of the Top 10. FACT
The poster who last year called him/herself ADecadeOfDominance is probably retreating right about now considering the poor performance yesterday.
On the flip side AU fans must be proud of the never-say-die mentality of the coaching staff that got Auburn this victory. Those calling for Roof's head should consider where you'd be without him.
Roll Tide.
BTW, the trees are suffering and you STILL want to throw TP? REALLY?
If the county commission says they don't have the funds and the cities are wanting the repairs done here's an idea; strike up a deal where the county gives up the tax revenues earmarked for roads and signs over the roads to the cities. The cities would then have the control and liability for said roads and my nickel says the roads would be better maintained.
No, Bham News Editorial Board, it's NOT, "...as simple as that."
As many have pointed out, the several commissions have done the spending through the years, not the legislature.
The citizens of Jefferson County have continued to elect suspicious characters as their representatives, not the legislature.
I do understand that it's easy to get used to a certain cash flow and sometimes difficult to adjust to cutbacks. But why, oh why, should the county have ever gotten used to "...about one-fourth of its' general fund" coming from a source that other counties in the area have not had to rely on???
This article raises several questions and here's one I'm curious about; if she was arrested for domestic violence who is pressing THOSE charges? If it's hubby, I'm sure he doesn't want HIS name published!
And aufaithful and yallarhammar, I agree with you two.


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Bill Yosses' Oven Roasted Peaches with Green Tea Elixir
In the introduction to this recipe for Oven Roasted Peaches with Green Tea Elixir from The Perfect Finish Bill Yosses is quick to say that ripe juicy peaches don't really need all that much fussing with to make a truly wonderful summer dessert, and I couldn't agree more. In Yosses' own words he treads lightly with this recipe, adding a chilled, lightly sweetened green tea froth to butter-roasted peaches. More


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contemporary / classical
6.10.2011 Saariaho Festival Den Haag
Petteri Iivonen (1987) is one of the top young soloists from Finland. He recently won the second prize at the 10th International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition, becoming only the second Finnish violinist to place in the competition. Iivonen studied with Tuomas Haapanen at the Sibelius-Academy, Helsinki, and continued his studies with Hagai Shaham in Tel Aviv.
0d 0h 0min 0s to next event


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Take your Twitter Kid's gifts back NOW
If you've not yet experienced the unmitigatedly satanic screaming of the hoards of ungrateful kids across the nation at not getting the iPhone they wanted for Christmas, now's your chance - and if you're a parent of one of these whining little pukes, you've got one option, and one option only: take back everything else you gave them. There's a song that goes with this sudden collecting of Twitter status updates that sums it all up quite nicely, you can watch it below. When you do, please, for the love of Pete, check your kid's Twitter account and make sure they're not a horrible, horrible person.


text: As the holidays loom closer with each passing day, it's inevitably time to start thinking about gifts. And if you're like me, shopping for Dad can be the most difficult. What exactly do you get a guy who already has everything? And how do you find that balance between practicality and thoughtfulness—because, really, how many neckties does one man need? After wrestling with those same questions year after year, I decided to compile a list of new and fresh, fail-safe gift ideas that are sure to be a hit with dear ol' Dad.


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Societies that have a history of devastating social injustice, like the Republic of South Africa, can facilitate forgiveness and reconciliation by creating a space to spotlight the humanity of both perpetrators and victims, said psychologist Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela, PhD, a former member of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), at APA's 2004 Annual Convention in Honolulu.
In her work assisting with encounters between victims and remorseful perpetrators in South Africa, Gobodo-Madikizela said she found that when people were able to find an emotional connection, victims could see the remorse of those who had wronged them and were able to forgive.
In particular, she interviewed one of the most notorious South African killers, the commanding officer of the state-sanctioned apartheid death squad, Eugene de Kock, about his remorse and watched as he apologized to the widows of men he had killed.
Her work with him and others fulfilled part of the TRC Reparation and Rehabilitation Committee's mission to restore victims' dignity through information, explanation and opportunities for in-person apologies, some of which took place in televised hearings. She wrote about her experiences in the book "A Human Being Died That Night: A South African Story of Forgiveness" (Houghton Mifflin, 2003); the committee published its final report in 1998. Victims have a natural tendency to stay angry and not forgive because it feels easier than facing the pain that's inevitably a part of reconciliation, she said.
"People hang onto anger to distance themselves from those responsible for their pain," Gobodo-Madikizela said. "They are afraid that if they engage them as real people, instead of the evil monsters they perceive them to be, then they will be compromising their moral strength."
But when apologies are offered and forgiveness is accepted, groups of people can move on with their lives without the stress of carrying anger, she noted. Despite the terrible atrocities committed in South Africa, Gobodo-Madikizela said she saw most victims moved by the apologies of their perpetrators and able to forgive.
"What I think is happening when people forgive is the connection is not really with a killer, with a murderer, an evil person," she said. "The perpetrator's sincere apology is what invites the victim to engage with them. It's really the perpetrator acting quintessentially like a human being; he is showing his human side, and that is what the victim responds to--that is what the victim reaches out to touch. This is the moment when the breakdown of the hatred occurs."
Gobodo-Madikizela hopes other countries with crimes against humanity in their past try the South African approach of encouraging appropriate communication between victims and perpetrators.
"South Africa today serves as an example of a country that has managed to quell the instinct for revenge, even as it continues to struggle with serious social, health and economic problems, and instead embrace the shared goals of social reconciliation," she said.
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Air Force Volleyball Welcomes Five to 2014 Roster
June 26, 2014
USAF ACADEMY, Colo. - The Air Force volleyball team added five players to its roster for the upcoming season, head coach Matt McShane announced today (June 26), as the Academy's Class of 2018 arrived for in-processing. This talented group of freshmen was the program's second recruiting class to receive High Honorable Mention honors from PrepVolleyball.com.
The website, which does a yearly ranking of the nearly 330 NCAA Division I volleyball recruiting classes, ranks the Top 30 programs, while 17 additional schools earn Highest Honorable Mention and another 30 receive High Honorable Mention. It is the second time in three years that the Air Force coaches have been recognized for their recruiting (2012).
Click on the names above to learn more about each member of the Class of 2018.
In addition to the team distinction awarded by PrepVolleyball.com, Seitz was individually named to the website's 2014 Defensive Dandies list.
Following today's in-processing, Basic Cadet Training is divided into two phases. The first session takes place in the Cadet Area and focuses on military orientation, including basic military skills and responsibilities, improving physical conditioning and understanding teamwork through competitive sports. During the second phase, the Basics will march out to Jack's Valley, where they will focus on field training activities, while developing their mental and physical confidence training.
The volleyball team opens its season on August 29-31, when it hosts Cal, Rutgers, SIUE and Winthrop during the first of two tournaments at Cadet East Gym.


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- Filed Under
The U.S. Department of Labor has given the state of Mississippi $2.5 million to prevent and detect improper unemployment insurance benefits.
U.S. Rep. Bennie Thompson, D-Miss., says the program will help the state better track payments and update computer systems.
Thompson says Mississippi also will share in $90 million ...


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We have a great head start on the writing process. It's always hard to say how the songs will ultimately evolve. You think it's going one way and the slightest idea or change turns it into a whole other animal. The mix of riffs and loose song skeletons we have right now is a lot more eclectic at this phase than it was for any of our other records.The label recently also signed other metal bands including High On Fire and Satyricon. Throwdown released Venom & Tears in 2007.
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Throwdown signs with KOCH
Orange County, CA's Throwdown have signed to Koch Records. The band has released plans to start recording their sixth full length album in early 2009, titled Deathless, which will be their first album with their new deal. Says frontman Dave Peters:
E1 Music (45 comments)
Please login or register to post comments.What are the benefits of having a Punknews.org account?
MilesQToast (December 13, 2008)
did AWK end up playing that poor fellow's funeral?
MattRamone (December 13, 2008)
Isn't Koch the biggest independent label in the country? I could be thinking of something else.
24HourPriapism (December 13, 2008)
throwdown have a songwriting process?
acris (December 13, 2008)
As of today I've been wearing the same pants without washing them every day for 40 days. I'm not washing them for another 80. Even though they smell like my grandmother's cigarettes and have a mysterious yellow powdery stain on them.
tenwestchaser (December 13, 2008)
This label is way too fucking wierd. From Vison of Disorder and Horse the Band to Fragle Rock and Seasame St. with everything in between.
ffwoodycock (December 13, 2008)
Throwdown likes the Koch
MyStereoHasMono (December 13, 2008)
Date-rapists are stoked.
pigshit (December 13, 2008)
ryanosaurus - i've been hallucinating you babe, on the backs of other women says:
AK3punk (December 14, 2008)
Venom and tears licked balls, it sounded like they wanted to be a shitty metal band. Bring back the straight up hadrcore of "Haymaker", that was a really good album...
nick_s (December 15, 2008)
Haymaker was a fairly good album, the other stiff is a bit heavy metal for my liking but there's the odd good riff knocking around.
grafixx (December 15, 2008)
i'm loving they they're from orange county, and yet they are shown in the picture posing in fall and winter coats, bundled up like it's about to snow.
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Below is the poem entitled Mosquitoes which was written by poet
Sergi. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Joseph Sergi
In the summertime we all fear,
that certain bug that we can't hear.
Like a vampire with wings it comes in the night,
sometimes it feels like they take a pint.
You scratch the itch until it's raw,
there should be some kind of law!
To eradicate this bug before I die,
Ouch! I think one just bit my eye!
Those rotten mosquitoes are on a roll,
maybe I should move to the North Pole.
Contest : Relate to on of these Quotes
#7 Why didn't Noah swat those two mosquitoes? Anonymous


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UPDATE: Breast Milk Ice Cream Banned!
Apparently it was too good to be true (for some, at least.) The Telegraph has reported that the breast milk flavored ice cream on sale in a London restaurant has now been taken out of commission.
The authorities in Westminster have responded to a few complaints from party poopers, and will not allow the sale of the once-popular flavor until health testing is complete.
A representative from the ice cream company selling the flavor said that they would comply with the law until test results indicated further action, according to the Telegraph.


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Online Learning
Online Course Listing
Most of our online classes are in BlackBoard. But if you find your class listed below, you may be in another online learning system. If you don't find your class below please click on the BlackBoard link, otherwise click on your course to be taken to the appropriate page.
For more information, contact the ETRC at (708) 456-0300, Ext. 3361 or 3039.
© Copyright
2015 Triton College. All Rights Reserved.


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Poll: Are These Dishes Played Out?
hmm... it was mentioned in the paragraph but not the poll, that whole beet and goat cheese combo is quite a bit worked out. It is still delicous, but I will make it at home when I want it now, use that menu space for something else.


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It's Official: President Obama Curbs For-Profit Colleges That Recruit Soldiers
By Wired Academic on May 1, 2012
Domestic, Ethics, For-Profit, Recruitment, Regulatory, Required, Retention Rates, Universities & Colleges
Photo Credit: Andrew Becraft via Compfight
As our post Friday predicted, President Obama signed an executive order while visiting Fort Stewart in Georgia late last week to prevent troops from being targeted by deceptive tactics from For-Profit colleges. The new order will force the colleges to provide information about student outcomes, financial aid and will create a central complain system for abuses. It also orders the Veterans Administration to trademark the term "G.I. Bill" and makes it more difficult for colleges to build web sites that resemble official government sites or to suggest that such sites over veterans' benefits. The Federal Government continues to put the clamp down on For-Profit colleges. We applaud these efforts. It will force the For-Profits to improve their ethics in marketing and management… or die. Here's the relevant portions of President Obama's remarks and what various media reported on the new executive order:
President Obama said in his speech:
So as President, I've made sure to champion the Post-9/11 GI Bill. And with that bill — and the Tuition Assistance program — last year we supported more than 550,000 veterans and 325,000 servicemembers who are pursuing a higher education. (Applause.) Because a higher education is the clearest path to the middle class. That's progress. But we've got more to do. We can't be satisfied with what we've already done, we've got more to do. We've got to make sure you've got every tool you need to make an informed decision when it comes to picking a school. And that's why Michelle and I are here today.
Right now, it's not that easy. I've heard the stories. Some of you guys can relate; you may have experienced it yourselves. You go online to try and find the best school for military members, or your spouses, or other family members. You end up on a website that looks official. They ask you for your email, they ask you for your phone number. They promise to link you up with a program that fits your goals. Almost immediately after you've typed in all that information, your phone starts ringing. Your inbox starts filling up. You've never been more popular in your life. All of these schools want you to enroll with them.
And it sounds good. Every school and every business should be out there competing for your skills and your talent and your leadership — everything that you've shown in uniform. But as some of your comrades have discovered, sometimes you're dealing with folks who aren't interested in helping you. They're not interested in helping you find the best program. They are interested in getting the money. They don't care about you; they care about the cash.
So they harass you into making a quick decision with all those calls and emails. And if they can't get you online, they show up on post. One of the worst examples of this is a college recruiter who had the nerve to visit a barracks at Camp Lejeune and enroll Marines with brain injuries — just for the money. These Marines had injuries so severe some of them couldn't recall what courses the recruiter had signed them up for. That's appalling. That's disgraceful. It should never happen in America.
I'm not talking about all schools. Many of them — for-profit and non-profit — provide quality education to our servicemembers and our veterans and their families. But there are some bad actors out there. They'll say you don't have to pay a dime for your degree but once you register, they'll suddenly make you sign up for a high interest student loan. They'll say that if you transfer schools, you can transfer credits. But when you try to actually do that, you suddenly find out that you can't. They'll say they've got a job placement program when, in fact, they don't. It's not right. They're trying to swindle and hoodwink you. And today, here at Fort Stewart, we're going to put an end to it. (Applause.) We're putting an end to it.
The executive order I'm about to sign will make life a whole lot more secure for you and your families and our veterans — and a whole lot tougher for those who try to prey on you. Here's what we're going to do.
First, we're going to require colleges that want to enroll members of our military or veterans or your families to provide clear information about their qualifications and available financial aid. You'll be able to get a simple fact sheet called "Know Before You Owe." Know before you owe. (Applause.) And it will lay out all the information that you need to make your own choices about how best to pay for college.
Second, we're going to require those schools to step up their support for our students. They need to provide a lot more counseling. If you've got to move because of a deployment or a reassignment, they've got to help you come up with a plan so that you can still get your degree. (Applause.)
Number three, we're going to bring an end to the aggressive — and sometimes dishonest — recruiting that takes place. We're going to up our oversight of improper recruitment practices. We're going to strengthen the rules about who can come on post and talk to servicemembers. (Applause.) And we're going to make it a lot easier for all of you to file complaints and for us to take action when somebody is not acting right.
This is about making sure you succeed — because when you succeed, our country succeeds. It's that simple. After all, at the end of World War II, so many Americans like my grandfather came home to new opportunities. Because of the original GI Bill, by 1947, half of all Americans who enrolled in college were veterans. And you know what, they did pretty well.
They rose to become Presidents and Supreme Court Justices and Nobel Prize winners. They went on to become scientists and engineers, and doctors and nurses. Eight million Americans were educated under the original GI Bill. And together, they forged the backbone of what would become the largest middle class that the world had ever seen. They built this country. They turned us into that economic superpower.
Via WhiteHouse.Gov
The Savannah Tribune reports:
The president discussed deceptive practices by schools hungry for a share of the billions of dollars in federal educational subsidies for such people. During President Obama's visit to Fort Stewart he signed an executive order to thwart these deceptive practices. The order requires schools to provide more precise and transparent information about their qualifications and financial aid programs, provide more counseling on these matters, strengthen regulations that dictate who can come on post and talk to service members. The executive order commands the Department of Veterans Affairs to trademark the term "GI Bill," to make it easier for the government to monitor and/or investigate forprofit groups that deceptively use the term to enroll veterans.
Lastly, The order directs the Department of Education, the Veterans Administration, and the Department of Defense to set up a centralized complaint system. The president termed this order "Know Before You Owe." The president's signing of the executive order was universally supported by most veterans groups such as the the American Legion, the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), and Student Veterans of America, a coalition of student veteran organizations that represent colleges.
Tamar Lewin writes in The New York Times:
A loophole in federal law creates a strong incentive for aggressive recruiting of veterans by for-profit colleges. In an effort to ensure that the education provided is valuable enough that some students will pay part of the costs out of pocket, the "90/10 rule" requires that for-profit colleges get at least 10 percent of their revenues from a private source. But veterans' and military benefits count toward that 10 percent, making service members especially valuable for the publicly traded for-profit college companies that get nearly 90 percent of their revenue from federal student aid.
While the executive order applies to all colleges and universities, the abuses have been concentrated among for-profit schools, which get a disproportionate share of military-related educational benefits. Of the $4.4-billion in post-9/11 G.I. Bill dollars paid to colleges and universities from 2009 to 2011, more than a third, about $1.65 billion, went to for-profit colleges, according to a Senate committee report released last fall.
Bradley Safalow, an analyst who follows the for-profit sector, said that most of the large publicly traded for-profit college chains — University of Phoenix, Kaplan, Corinthian, ITT, Bridgepoint and the like — would most likely face compliance problems if G.I. Bill and military tuition assistance were considered federal student aid under the 90/10 rule.
But only Congress can change the rule. In a press briefing, senior administration officials said the president was "open to legislation" revising the 90/10 rule. Senator Richard Durbin, an Illinois Democrat, has introduced legislation to change the 90/10 rule, lowering the threshold to 85 percent, and requiring colleges to count G.I. Bill benefits and military tuition assistance as federal student aid for the purposes of the rule. In addition, Senator Tom Carper, Democrat from Delaware, introduced a bill that would include military benefits as federal student aid, while keeping the balance at 90/10, and a companion bill is pending the House. No Republicans are co-sponsoring either bill.
Rosalind S. Helderman at The Washington Post reported:
The visit came as Obama concluded a week of courting young votersand their parents, touring university campuses to pressure Congress to pass a measure that would prevent student loan rates from doubling on July 1.
Obama spoke as the Republican-led House adopted a GOP-authored proposal to pay for lower student rates with money set aside for preventative care programs in the federal health-care overhaul. The White House has threatened a veto over the funding provision. An alternative measure in the Democratic-controlled Senate would pay for the extension by imposing new payroll taxes on some businesses with three or fewer shareholders
Obama has also been wooing the military in hopes of out-performing Democrats with the traditionally conservative group by highlighting his efforts to end combat action in Iraq and to support military families.
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I am so disqusted at this point...
View Single Post
Posts: n/a
I just got off the phone with the Apple Customer Relations group -- essentially this was a complete waste of my time. Not only was the guy rather short with me -- but all he did was try to sell the Protection Plan.
I don't get it - at this point I am just darn right ticked off. How is it that anyone who purchases a premium product such as a PowerBook and basicly gets blown off by the Customer Relations. I mean I have bought electronics used on Ebay and had companies support me completely for free even though I have bought it second-hand!
I have to voice my opinion that I think Apple is just not a good customer support/relations group. Now, I do believe once I send it to them -- the problem will be rectified (I hope). But how about my level of inconvenience. How about trying to do something in order to make me feel good about using the product again.
I feel sick to my stomach knowing that I bought something, hard drive goes out, and now I get a hard sell from the Relations dept -- to put MORE money into my problems. I have a better solution -- since the products are so trustworthy and great to use - why not give me the Protection Plan - or discount significantly?
I will point out that the technical staff is very knowledgeable and helpful from what they can do over the phone. (Maybe they should have some sort of remote desktop system that will allow them to operate your computer remotely) -- BUT, the attitude of "well we will fix it and you should happy that we will" is just not right. They are not doing anything that Joe's Computer Shack down the street wouldn't do for me. The fact of it is that they sell laptops at a premium price - they are not the largest kid on the block by any stretch - so they SHOULD be bending over backwards to win the hearts of consumer by way of loyalty.
I will be writing a letter to outline my issues to hopefully someone in Apple Corporate Management (and I will find a way for it to reach their desks) -- heck the issue at this point is not that the computer is dead as I think they will have it fixed -- it is the attitude and lack of service they provide in getting them to recognize, fix, and accomodate the fact that something slipped quality control during manufacturing thus causing me hours of lost time. I just want it to work as advertised - as everyone else says it works. Heck - send me a card - give me a 10 dollar gift certificate - bump my warranty up another 3-6 months. I would just like something to make me feel good about buying this Apple Powerbook. Send me a new unit and a box for the old one -- I can GUARANTEE you I could Dell to this if this was one of their units.
Well - when I get my letter together -- I will share it with you all and who I sent it to.
Sorry to vent but it has been a very long day -- and I feel like all that was accomplished is that I should be soooooooo happy that Apple is sending me a box so I can send my unit to them for at least a week to fix it.
Without a doubt I am soooooo not going to buy an iPod now! Well -- I could easily go broke buying protection plans - automated nightly backup systems on my local network (in case it goes dead again) -- gotta spend time getting my Pentium 3 Dell Notebook (never had a single problem) up to snuff so I can use it while my 3000 dollar Powerbook is in the shop:-(
Again thanks for the feedback -- but I am just dog-tired of this -- knowing what I know now, I would not definitely not have purchased this PowerBook -- I am hoping that this attitude changes over the coming months.


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June 8, 2004
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. - Three Lobos were selected on the second and final day of the Major League Baseball First-Year Player Draft Tuesday afternoon. Senior Joe Salas (Albuquerque, N.M./Rio Grande High School) was the first Lobo selected, drafted in the 24th round (No. 712 overall) by the Pittsburgh Pirates. Junior Josh Mader (Albuquerque, N.M./Cibola High School) was selected in the 29th round (No. 872 overall) by the Philadelphia Phillies and junior Cooper Eddy (West Des Moines, Iowa) was taken by the Boston Red Sox in the 36th round (No. 1,085 overall).
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Eddy, a right-hander who transferred to UNM from Tennessee Tech, was 5-4 with a 6.24 ERA in his first season at New Mexico. He led the team with 60 strikeouts in 88.0 innings pitched and garnered Mountain West Pitcher of the Week accolades twice this season.
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Knight Rider: Season 1, Episode 17
I Love the Knight Life (4 Mar. 2009)
Ratings: 7.2/10 from 103 users
Reviews: write review | 1 critic
Mike and K.I.T.T. are trying to track down a stolen serum that maximizes the recipient's physicality before it gets into the wrong hands. With the help of the lab's research assistant, ... See full summary »
Director:Alex Zakrzewski
Writers:Glen A. Larson (characters), Dave Andron (developer), 1 more credit »
Stars:Justin Bruening, Deanna Russo, Paul Campbell | See full cast and crew »