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Feeding the Dead Ancestor Worship in Ancient Indiaby Sayers, Matthew R.
Oxford University Press
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Feeding the Dead outlines the early history of ancestor worship in South Asia, from the earliest sources available, the Vedas, up to the descriptions found in the Dharmshastra tradition. Most prior works on ancestor worship have done little to address the question of how shraddha, the paradigmatic ritual of ancestor worship up to the present day, came to be. Matthew R. Sayers argues that the development of shraddha is central to understanding the shift from Vedic to Classical Hindu modes of religious behavior. Central to this transition is the discursive construction of the role of the religious expert in mediating between the divine and the human actor. Both Hindu and Buddhist traditions draw upon popular religious practices to construct a new tradition. Sayers argues that the definition of a religious expert that informs religiosity in the Common Era is grounded in the redefinition of ancestral rites in the Grhyasutras. Beyond making more clear the much misunderstood history of ancestor worship in India, this book addressing the serious question about how and why religion in India changed so radically in the last half of the first millennium BCE. The redefinition of the role of religious expert is hugely significant for understanding that change. This book ties together the oldest ritual texts with the customs of ancestor worship that underlie and inform medieval and contemporary practice.
Author Biography
Matthew R. Sayers is Assistant Professor of Religion at Lebanon Valley College.


text: Taigen Dan Leighton is a Zen priest who received Dharma transmission from Reb Anderson in the Suzuki Roshi lineage and currently is teacher of the Ancient Dragon Zen Gate in Chicago. Taigen has published many Zen translations including Dogen's Extensive Record and Cultivating the Empty Field. He has written Visions of Awakening Space and Time: Dogen and the Lotus Sutra and Faces of Compassion: Classic Bodhisattva Archetypes. Taigen teaches at Loyola University Chicago and online via Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, where he obtained his PhD.

subset: commoncrawl


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Parish History
When the present Church of St. Vincent Ferrer was dedicated on May 5, 1918, three ambitious and interwoven dreams were finally realized. First, the Dominican Friars of the Province of St. Joseph (Eastern United States) saw the confirmation of a missionary venture that had first brought them to New York City in the mid-nineteenth century. From humble beginnings, their prayers and their preaching over several decades resulted in the construction of one of Manhattan's most beautiful churches. Secondly, the internationally celebrated architect Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue delighted to see his ecclesiastical masterpiece put to prayerful use for the first time. He proudly commented in a letter to a one-time colleague, "I think St. Vincent Ferrer is my very best work." Finally, the good parishioners of St. Vincent Ferrer had their faith and heroic generosity rewarded as they offered their first prayers in the great temple built from their gifts and sacrifices. Coincidentally, the date of the church's dedication is now observed in the Dominican Order as the feast day of St. Vincent Ferrer.
The Dominican Fathers and Brothers were first charged with founding a parish in New York City in 1867. This commission resulted from the great popularity the friars had gained among New York Catholics. Their missions and preaching had long been favored in many of the city's parishes. In recognition of their success, John Cardinal McCloskey, archbishop of New York and America's first cardinal, asked these Dominican preachers to establish themselves permanently in the city by founding and serving a parish on the east side of Manhattan. This request marks the birth of St. Vincent Ferrer Parish. After borrowing $10,000, the Dominicans secured 18 lots of land measuring 200x225 feet on Lexington Avenue between 65th and 66th Streets. On this land, the six priests assigned to this new foundation oversaw the construction of a small chapel, and the first Mass was offered in it on September 8, 1867, the Feast of the Nativity of Our Lady. On November 10 of that year, the cornerstone was laid for a more substantial gothic church that was finally dedicated in December, 1879. This second church served the growing parish until 1914, when it was dismantled to make way for the present church. During the difficult years of the First World War, the friars and parishioners of St. Vincent's worshipped in a temporary structure on East 67th Street while plans were finalized for the church we see and enjoy today.
Even before their 1914 decision to build
a new church, the Dominicans held in esteem several beautiful and prayerful
structures arising in the New York area, including St. Thomas Episcopal
Church on Fifth Avenue and the Cadet Chapel at West Point. They noted
that an architect named Bertram Goodhue was involved in both of these projects. Therefore,
in 1912, just after he left Cram, Goodhue, and Ferguson to start his own
firm, Goodhue was chosen unanimously by the Priory Council to design and
build a church that would serve the increasing needs of the Dominican community
and parish. By 1915, the construction of the church was underway,
and already it was gaining a reputation in the city for its grace and beauty. Also
that year, a parish Church Building Association was organized to gather
funds and to decide which elements of the church—stained glass, sculptures,
etc.—would be added as funds became available. The Association
excelled in ensuring that no undue financial burden was placed on the parishioners. This
is just one example of the mutual respect and concern that all participants
of the project—clergy, laity, artists, and artisans—carried
for one another.
At the time of its construction, the Church of St. Vincent Ferrer was innovative in many ways. First, Goodhue's plan for a Christocentric structure was epitomized by the stone Great Rood situated on the exterior of the church just above the main doors. It was carved by Lee O. Lawrie, at the time "America's greatest sculptor," and its installation at St. Vincent Ferrer marked one of the first times in America that a crucifixion scene was placed prominently on the facade of a church. Even today this remains a rare feature in American ecclesiastical architecture, although one may see it employed at another Dominican parish in Manhattan, St. Catherine of Siena on East 68th. Secondly, the Dominican commitment to preaching was honored by making St. Vincent Ferrer the only church in the country fitted with Guastivino acoustic tiling. The newspaper coverage of the 1918 dedication commented on its effect, saying, "as a result, the preachers' voice is heard distinctly in every corner of the edifice, while the music is diffused in such a way as to appear to come from no one particular point." Thirdly, under Goodhue's direction, all of the windows were planned to complement one another. The position of the reds and blues was arranged so that, in direct sunlight, the windows in dominant blues would interact beautifully with the opposite windows that showcase warm reds and golds. The master craftsman Charles Connick created a majority of the windows. Finally, in regard to the Stations of the Cross, the precedent established in the Dominican shrines of Spain was continued. Instead of statuary or carvings, large oil paintings were used to depict the scenes of Christ's via dolorosa. Goodhue decided that these stations should look as if they were old art pieces painted in different countries at different times. One effect of this technique is the ever-changing color of Christ's robe as one moves from station to station. Telford Paullin and his wife, Ethel, were chosen to create the paintings.
As generations of Dominican clergy succeeded one another, and as the generosity of the parishioners only increased, the beautification of the church continued gradually according to the original 1915 plan. In 1931, one of the true treasures of St. Vincent's was finally installed—the High Pulpit. Composed of quartered oak and formed according to a fourteenth-century gothic style, the High Pulpit continues even today, particularly on Sundays, to enthrone the preaching of the Gospel. Later in the 1960's, the reforms of the Second Vatican Council heralded adjustments to the Church's liturgical life, and subsequently as the ancient Dominican Rite gave way to the reformed Roman Rite, the sanctuary of St. Vincent's was reconfigured and a new altar of sacrifice was erected, in two stages, at the front of the choir. This is the altar used for Mass today, while the Blessed Sacrament continues to be reserved on the magnificent High Altar at the back of the sanctuary.
Today, as the Church of St. Vincent Ferrer approaches its 100th birthday, improvements to the church continue to be added. In the early days of the current decade, a joint commitment of the clergy and laity of St. Vincent's ushered forth a new era of sacred music in the parish. Hundreds of hours of dedicated volunteer work, together with a generous anonymous gift, served to provide the church its masterful Schantz pipe organ, which accompanies the accomplished choir that sings at the noon Mass on Sundays. Other projects also gain the enthusiastic support of today's generous parishioners. For example, a 2006 capital campaign led to the installation of a new heating and cooling system. Though more practical and less interesting, gifts like this one serve to protect the treasures housed inside the church, and in so doing they help to secure future decades of solemn Dominican worship and preaching in the heart of New York City.
This brief history of the Church of St. Vincent Ferrer can convey to its readers only little of the magnificence of this grand structure. To experience its full beauty, the humble soul must enter its doors for a quiet moment of prayer or the communal celebration of the Eucharist. Like the great medieval cathedrals of Europe, this gothic church at the corner of Lexington and 66th stands as a "gospel in stone and stained glass and wood," a testament to faith and a contemporary retelling of salvation history. Like all of the great churches of history, it was built by and for prayer, and it continues today to be built up and improved by the love and commitment of those who come here to pray and offer their sacrifices to God.


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Past Institututional Accreditation Documents
This page houses past reports submitted to the NWCCU and communication with the Commission regarding those reports.
Past Reports from UAA to the NWCCU
2017 Accreditation Website (Reports and status updates)
Past Reports from the NWCCU to UAAPlease
note that reports from the Northwest Commission on Colleges and
Universities are intended to be viewed as a whole. While distribution is
encouraged, it should be as a full report, rather than as excerpts.
Please contact Megan Carlson,
Assistant Vice Provost and Accreditation Liaison Officer, if you have
any questions about the distribution of accreditation reports.
2010 Full Scale Evaluation Website (Commission responses shown with each report)
2005 Regular Interim Evaluation
2003 Focused Interim Evaluation: Assessment and Integration of Units
2000 Full Scale Evaluation


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Pretty Little Liars
Pretty Little Liars Season 3B Spoilers: Can We Trust Wren?
Spencer (Troian Bellisario) hasn't exactly been lucky in love on Pretty Little Liars. Her first boyfriend (remember Alex?) was chased away by "A", and her biggest love is part of the "A" team. But what about the sexy doc who just can't leave her alone? Is Wren (Julian Morris) someone she should turn to in a time of need?
Read spoilers at your own risk! For more on Wetpaint Entertainment's philosophy on spoilers, click here.
Maybe not, because PLL executive producer Oliver Goldstick warned Zap2it that Wren's "a snake." Seriously.
He expanded on that tease, saying, "Anyone who functions in Rosewood on this show, and is that handsome, be afraid." (Um, does that mean we should keep an eye on Caleb [Tyler Blackburn] and Ezra [Ian Harding], too? They're both pretty darned handsome...)
Oliver added Wren "had access to Mona [Janel Parrish]," during her stay at Radley and, perhaps more importantly, "Mona had access to him ... We don't know what he knows or what he's willing to do."
Do you think Mona could have swayed Wren over to her side? Was he involved with the "A" team the whole time? Or do you think he's just a sweet doctor with a weird thing for teen girls?
Sound off in the comments below!
Find more Pretty Little Liars spoilers here.
Catch the next episode of Pretty Little Liars on Tuesday, January 15, 2013 at 8 p.m. ET/PT on ABC Family.
Source: Zap2it
Rebecca Martin is an editor at Wetpaint Entertainment. Follow her on Twitter @BeccaDMartin.


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Theres far better tnings to spend $500 on trust me.
Like beer.
if you do it better yourself i will personally give you 500 dollars
Theres far better tnings to spend $500 on trust me.
Like beer.
or one of those epic mini laptops
Or you could just buy more beer.
or maybe some nice danish salami. hey look, i made another thread off topic :3
Beer would go well with salami but a beer while playing NINTENDO SIXTY-FOUR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! would be awesome.
If you don't get the reference then you fail.
that kid must have adhd or something. i like those alcopop thingys with the nice citrusy falvours! mmmmmmmm...
Vodka Cruisers?
yes thats right! you read my mind. and those bacardi breezers
FAG...... sorry but hose things are like drinking sugar and water, only drink them when the girls offer me one.


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Either you missed your calling as a great straight faced comic or you are one of the most ignorant people on here. Which is it?
7thwdalgiers, I am looking for people to stop complaining and start acting responsibly. Unless you are elderly or handicapped, your excuses are few at this point. I live in New Orleans. I had damage, although less than many. I had enough insurance. I had flood insurance. It took several visits from my insurance company and a lot of diligence on my part, but I settled with the insurance company, repaired my home, partly with savings and extended work hours, and moved back home. I saw a hearing notice for blighted properties dated November 2008. One of the houses listed is owned by a lawyer who moved his family to one of the best, most expensive areas in town while abandoning this property. How many more cases are out there like this? People who refuse to take responsibility for their actions and get things cleaned up? No more excuses!
What a misleading headline! This city is a mess! None of the areas affected by Katrina are doing well enough to have bragging rights over another. I drove around last weekend and was amazed to see the number of blighted and unoccupied homes on and next to Bayou St. John. Prime property in beautiful settings on the water untouched. Then you can drive through Lakeview, Gentilly, the 9th Ward, and New Orleans East. Progress? Yes. Enough? No. It has been almost 4 years, and many parts of the city still look like a war zone. Heck, with the crime in some of these areas, they are war zones!
Originally, DeGaulle was named Victory Drive. It was renamed DeGaulle after the French president's visit to New Orleans. If I'm not mistaken, Victory Drive extended away from the river as far as the area around Liberty Bank before the late 60's/early 70's.
Last time I heard, the fault in accidents like this lie with the driver who rear-ended the vehicle in front of him.
Do some of you people never cease with the tasteless, rude, crude, and socially unacceptable comments? Surely you have better things to do than your incessant off the wall comments.
Block AIG exec bonuses? Seems like the Obama administration is trying to close the barn door after the horses all escaped. I guess Geithner was too wrapped up in his own financial crooked dealings and tax problems to be on top of what AIG was doing.
There is nothing racist at all about what senatorjones stated. Do you people even read the police reports for some of these miserable drains on society? In every case, the only people that come forward are those who proclaim how good these thugs are, how upstanding they are. Nothing to do with racial profiling here. Just repeating what has been said time over time.
Are you really as dense as you seem? The shootings on St. Charles Avenue were in an area known for families watching the parades, and they were in the middle of the day, during the truck parades. The shooting on Bourbon was after Mardi Gras was over and when nobody should have even been on the street. No comparison. Perid. Personally, I could care less if some degenerate hoodrat gets shot violating the order to be off the streets. My family watches all the parades at First and St. Charles. The shootings a block or so away were too close for comfort for any number of reason. Don't come in here and try to stir up trouble--even though you are very good at baiting.
Compared to the classic Coke commercial with Mean Joe Green, this add was a disgrace! Not only doesn't Coke Zero taste anything like Coke, but why throw the kid an ad exec's shirt? Coke missed the mark with this ad!
Alan Mulally, the president and CEO of Ford,
drew a total compensation package for 4 months
in 2006 of $39.1 million. His salary was prorated to $666,667 since he started with Ford during the last 4 months of the year. For that kind of money, his company had better be outperforming
GM and Chrysler. I'll stick with my Chevrolet, and then only because Toyota and Honda don't make a truck I feel secure enough with to haul four horses.
Of all the mistakes President Bush has made, this is the worst. To offer the UAW more money without the right concessions is criminal! Honda released a press release this week stating that they were eliminating bonuses and cutting executive pay 10% because the company wasn't producing as was expected. GMC and Chrysler employees who are basically unskilled except for the fact that they can smack a brake light strip on a trunk are making up to six figure salaries while scientists and engineers make much less. No one is coming forward to help them while they lose their jobs and/or watch their savings evaporate over 40% because we have a society of fat cat, corrupt idiots who can't manage their businesses and are so greedy that they don't care about the consequences.
In no way should we support any measure to bail the automobile industry out. First of all, we would not be bailing them out...we would be bailing out the UAW.
When Alan Mulally, CEO of Ford, testified at a U.S. House Financial Services Committee Hearing, he said he saw no need to cut his salary. This man earned $39.1 million in his first 4 months as CEO of Ford in 2006--a prorated salary of $666,667; a $7.5 million dollar signing bonus; and $11 million to offset money he forfetied by leaving Boeing.
Richard Wagner, CEO of GM, earned $8.5 million last year, $2.9 of which was in bonuses.
At least Robert Nardelli, CEO of Chrysler, said he would be willing to have an annual salary of $1 if it would help bail the industry out.
This is a disgrace! These three men arrived to the Senate hearings in Washington in their corporate private jets. Not together, but in separate jets!
Of course, a big part of the problem is the UAW with their unrealistic policies, salaries, etc. which have truly made U. S. automakers uncompetitive. I wouldn't give two cents to bail out the union in any circumstance!
Do none of you people have 401K's or investments in the stock market? If you do, you wouldn't be as cavalier as you are. If you have another 10-20 years to work and save, then your 401K's might recover, but for the hard working Americans already retired and living primarily on those savings or those getting ready to retire, this is a disaster many are not going to overcome.
I have a credit score over 800, have no debts except my mortgage, and have never missed a payment of any king. A lot of good all that has done me when I watched my hard earned investments drop as much as they did yesterday and are positioned to continue dropping today.
The politicians who voted "no" on this bill, especially the ones who are up for reelections and voted solely to cover their own butts and keep their shady reelection chances open are the ones who need to go.
This bill had many bad parts to it, but from what I read, it was a compromise that I could have lived with. Watching 25 years of my 401K go south is not.
The TP has had this information since Thursday. Why did they keep it under wraps until Sunday? The story should have made the headlines in Friday's paper before that ridiculous awards dinner.
snixy is right. Unless you were in the city during the hurricane and in the horrific days after, you have no idea what it was like living in fear for your life and worrying about what would happen next.
I was not on that bridge, so I am not going to try to second guess what happened. However, the bottom line is that the people on that bridge shouldn't have been there either. If they had obeyed the mandatory evacuation, they wouldn't have been. Accept responsibility for your actions, people! If you stayed, for whatever reason, accept the fact that you were responsible for your own well being and that you had put yourself in a warzone of violence that was caused by some of the people who chose to stay. In the days after the hurricane, it was almost impossible to tell the good from the bad, and personally, my thoughts were to protect myself and my property first.
"I know one of the plaintiffs is not able to work because the barge company took shortcuts" is a problem he needs to take up with the barge company, one on one, and is not relevant to the claims he is stating in his law suit. He must be an incredibly stupid person to think that he will benefit at all from anything he could win here. By the time the lawyers take their cut and the money is split among all the class action participants, he will be lucky if he has enough for a cup of coffee.
Pathetic! Nothing but a few money hungry leeches who thrive on the misfortune of others. I wonder if these two will have anything to do with the cleanup or will just sit back and let others do the work while they try to reap the benefits.
I agree completely with birdwatcher! If anyone should be reprimanded and demoted, it should be Loicano. It must be easy for him to sit in his ivory tower and pass the blame on to others. Not to mention the fact that it really was a little too late to decide to start cleaning up the messes that Price continually keeps making. More time should be spent on dealing with him than leaving a wake of destruction behind his actions.
In addition to being one of the most corrupt, politically backwards places in the country, Louisiana might be lacking in Fortune 500 companies because of its incredibly ignorant, uninformed, quick to jump to the wrong conclusion population, such as yourself.
However, in spite of you and your kind, Louisiana has 4 Fortune 500 companies: Entergy in New Orleans; CenturyTel in Monroe; The Shaw Group in Baton Rouge; and Pool Corporation in Covington. I don't imagine their executives spend much time worrying about street cleaning, even on the slowest of business days....
Who says the East isn't coming back??


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Lana Del Rey is no stranger to controversy. The stunning 25-year-old chanteuse with the haunting voice has been in the crosshairs of the indie blogosphere for months, but after she made her American television debut last night as the musical guest on Saturday Night Live, she's become a conversational lightning rod in the mainstream. Del Rey's performances of "Video Games" and "Blue Jeans" were not the strongest renditions of those songs in her young career and, as a result, many critics delighted in breaking out their book of nasty superlatives to describe her work using social media services.
Perez Hilton broke his phony, self-imposed streak of faux-niceness and tore into Lana Del Rey on Twitter in the wee hours of the morning: "Just watched SNL. Not only was @LanaDelRey vocally WAY off, but watching her utter lack of stage presence was cringe-worthy. #DontBuyTheHype" Actress and part-time singer Juliette Lewis piled on, tweeting "Wow watching this 'singer' on SNL is like watching a 12 year old in their bedroom when they're pretending to sing and perform. #signofourtimes" before remembering what her own voice actually sounds like and wisely deleting her tweet. Even Eliza Dushku, last seen guest-starring on The League, weighed in on Twitter, describing Del Rey as "wack-a-doodle" before also deleting her tweet. Lest you think it was only famous people eagerly sinking their claws into her, a wholly unscientific, purely anecdotal search on Twitter we just performed shows that negative comments about LDR are outweighing positive ones by at least a 2:1 margin.
However, despite this tidal wave of haterade, it looks like Lana Del Rey and Interscope Records might end up having the last laugh. Her four song Lana Del Rey – EP is currently the #2 album on the iTunes charts (where, it should be noted, it is averaging a 4-star rating after garnering nearly 2,900 reviews) and her LP, Born To Die, is the #16 album on the Amazon.com charts, despite the fact that it doesn't even come out until January 31. So while everyone probably wished that her performance on SNL had gone over as well as her excellent rendition of "Video Games" on Later Live … With Jools Holland back in October, it's evident that the American public is now not only aware of this controversial new singer, but that they're interested in learning more about who she is and what she sounds like. In other words, mission accomplished for Team LDR.
RELATED: Artist On The Verge Lana Del Rey Talks SNL, Coachella And Paz De La Huerta's T*ts


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Which Glee Star Has a "Massive Crush" on Justin Bieber's Rumored Love, Barbara Palvin?
Justin Bieber better watch out. One of the stars of Glee has admitted to having a "massive crush" on his rumored new lady.
When the teen heartthrob split from his longtime girlfriend, Selena Gomez, this November, it was largely reported that Justin's flirtations with a young model/Victoria's Secret angel named Barbara Palvin were to blame.
Yet so far, there's been no official confirmation Barbara and Justin are dating, and we have a feeling that Glee's own Dean Geyer (Brody) is probably quite happy about that.
Seventeen interviewed Dean and his co-star Jacob Artist (Jake) for a behind the scenes video during a prom-themed photoshoot, and Dean was quite vocal about his love for the 19-year-old fashion model.
"I do have a massive crush on this supermodel, actually. She's like up-and-coming. Her name's Barbara Palvin," Dean says. Later, he says her name again and winks flirtatiously.
So does the Biebs have any reason to be worried? Probably not. Dean is currently dating actress and model Jillian Murray, and the two seem totally in love.
As for Jacob, the fellow Glee newbie was asked to reveal his Hollywood crush, as well. "My celebrity crush is Blake Lively," Jacob says. "I think it's too late to ask Blake Lively to prom, but who knows. Maybe Ryan Murphy can write her in for a day, just so she can go to prom with me."
Note to Ryan Murphy: Considering that Gossip Girl just ended, Blake Lively's schedule may have opened up. It probably wouldn't hurt to try calling her!
Source: Seventeen via Cambio


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"I know no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves; and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control with a wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them, but to inform their discretion." ~ Thomas Jefferson
Original article "Carlson sees bearing arms as an understandable response to Detroit's high crime rate and low police presence, but she is under no illusions as to her subjects' real contributions to public safety."
Original article "secret information had been contained in some of Mrs. Clinton's private emails that originated from the FBI, the DNI and the CIA as well as a spy satellite agency. It is believed the 30,000 emails remain on a thumb drive in the possession of Mrs. Clinton's private attorney"
Original article "the bulk of Trump's support in polls isn't necessarily coming from passionate Republicans but rather from 'low-information voters'"
Original article "The system appears to have been purposefully used by agency officials responsible for the targeting of conservative non-profits, in order to evade public scrutiny."
Original article "About 60 people had climbed aboard Gibson's bus when the police arrived at the scene. The officers made everyone get off the bus. Gibson handed over the keys and fled the scene."
Original article "In my 40 years of reporting on mass surveillance, I have been raided three times; jailed once; had television programs I made or assisted making banned from airing under government pressure five times"
Original article "Policing in the U.S. is controlled largely at the state and local levels, meaning that training, equipment and use-of-force standards vary wildly. But compared to many other countries, American police enjoy relatively lax guidelines on when and how they can use lethal force."
Original article "when candidates said they wouldn't arrest family or fellow officers, the hiring panel noted the person knows discretion."
Original article "Tensing is seen trying to open the door to the vehicle, refusing to call his supervisor and refusing to explain why he is attempting to arrest these men."
Original article "Bates told the court that he had been in disbelief as the incident unfolded, and admitted that Hopkins was not resisting and had not spit at officers or head butted anyone – as was previously reported."
Original article "While Camus did acknowledge that agency employees initially checked her hard drive, it appears that more could have been done to recover data from this source. Instead, all data was deemed unrecoverable after a brief search"
Original article "Why a young man in one of the happiest countries on earth committed a brutal act of terrorism."
Original article [VIDEO] Watch Big-G and his team stomp out competition!
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An Apostate From the Government Religion RecommendedPaul Bonneau 2013-10-23 08:00
Murray's Missing Plan RecommendedJim Davies 2013-10-07 08:37
Left-Libertarians and the Ring of Power RecommendedGlen Allport 2013-10-01 08:32
Government Denial RecommendedAlex R. Knight III 2013-07-31 08:31
The Licensing Effect RecommendedLawrence Samuels 2013-05-10 08:28
The Pugsley Plan RecommendedJim Davies 2013-01-14 08:46
Ed Schultz and His Alleged Middle Class Heroes RecommendedGreg Haley 2013-01-04 01:00
The Trials Recommendedtzo 2012-12-11 08:49
464 Lost Years RecommendedJim Davies 2012-12-10 08:48


text: Recent findings in animal models of Parkinson Disease (PD) reveal that exercise favorably impacts behavioral characteristics of the disease and its neural substrates. These data suggest that exercise may modify disease progression and compels the need for exercise-based behavioral treatments in humans with PD. A well-established speech treatment (LSVT/Loud) incorporates principles of exercise and has been documented to be effective and long-lasting in people with PD. Principles of LSVT were recently applied to limb movement (Training Big) and were documented to be effective in the short term. These exercise-based protocols have been applied individually (minimal dual training) to apparently divergent motor systems (speech and limb). Recent evidence, however, suggests their may be distributed and perhaps interactive effects of exercise across motor behaviors. We take an initial step in verifying this hypothesis by evaluating the impact of a combined speech and physical therapy approach (training Big and Loud) that targets increased amplitude of speech and body movements simultaneously. Data from 8 subjects with PD reveal this integrated treatment strategy improved function in limb and speech motor tasks and dual task functioning. Findings will be discussed in relation to cross-system treatment interactions, principles of neuroplasticity and early behavioral intervention in PD.


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Casa Sonia
Skill Level:
Project Type:
Berroco Design Team
With a simple combination of knits and purls, Casa Sonia is a cozy scarf with geometric patterning.
This free pattern is available exclusively as a print-friendly PDF file - it's easy to read and requires less paper when printed. To download the pattern, just click the PDF link above.
Trouble getting the PDF? Make sure you've downloaded the latest version of the free Adobe Reader software.


text:
Research Project Description
Watershed GIS Data Analysis
Internship Program Opportunity
Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC
EPA Water 2014-317
Project Description:
A postgraduate internship project is available at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA), Office of Water in Washington, D.C. The internship will be served with the Watershed Branch (WB) of the Assessment and Watershed Protection Division (AWPD).
AWPD's WB is responsible for leading EPA's Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program nationally, and supporting related watershed protection activities. Carrying out this mission involves a blend of programmatic and policy support activities, technical activities in applied watershed science, and communications activities through interactions with states and the public. AWPD and WB work on managing national environmental databases, collaborating with other EPA water program areas (e.g., nonpoint source controls, water quality standards, and NPDES permitting) and other levels of government (federal, state, tribal, local) to restore and protect surface waters and their watersheds.
This project will provide the selected intern with training and experience in: GIS analyses of watershed characteristics that help states prioritize watershed restoration activities; development and analysis of state-scale and national-scale GIS datasets concerning impaired waters and watershed condition attributes; completion of specific geospatial analysis projects such as statewide watershed condition and restorability analyses; and projects related to impaired waters national databases.
Under the guidance of a mentor, the intern may be involved in a range of activities:
Using national datasets and EPA databases, and reviewing or contributing to various scientific documents
- Conducting GIS assessments using Recovery Potential Screening of impaired waters and watersheds with states, EPA Regions or other federal agencies, which may include analyzing spatial patterns and indicators for restoration and protection priority-setting.
- Compiling and applying technical information relating landscape and watershed physical and ecological attributes and stressors to water body impairment, condition and recovery.
- Reviewing and analyzing a variety of impaired waters issues, which may include tracking and analyzing state-submitted water quality assessment data stored in EPA's Assessment and TMDL Tracking and ImplementatioN System (ATTAINS) databases and geospatial datasets; relating progress measures to the accomplishment of restoration and protection goals; and participating in planning future national water quality database enhancements.
Based on their involvement in the activities above, the participant will learn:
- How to use Recovery Potential Screening and other GIS-based comparative environmental assessment tools at statewide, watershed, and national scales;
- How watershed science and data are applied to determining whether waters are meeting Clean Water Act goals and what options exist to plan for their restoration;
- How national and statewide data on watershed health are compiled and managed in online databases that track key metrics and provide raw material for scientists to carry out a wide range of analyses about water quality conditions and trends across large geographic areas.
This internship will provide excellent exposure to the interface of watershed and geospatial science and environmental policy. It offers hands-on exposure to a broad range of environmental and policy issues surrounding aquatic resource protection and restoration through integrative, watershed approaches.
Applicants must have received a master's degree in environmental sciences and assessment, environmental engineering, geography, information technology or another discipline that integrates water quality assessment and geospatial tools within five years of the desired starting date, or completion of all requirements for the degree should be expected prior to the starting date. A background in watershed science, water quality issues and watershed assessment methods is strongly preferred.
U.S. citizenship is required. The program is open to qualified individuals without regard to race, sex, religion, color, age, physical or mental disability, national origin, or status as a Vietnam era or disabled veteran.
This appointment is full-time for one year and may be renewed for up to an additional three years depending on the availability of funding. The annual stipend will be up to $52,146. Funding may be made available to reimburse the participant's travel expenses to present the results of his/her research at scientific conferences. No funding will be made available to cover costs for pre-appointment visits, relocation costs, tuition and fees, or a participant's health insurance. The participant must show proof of health and medical insurance. This can be obtained through ORISE. The participant does not become an EPA employee.
Technical Questions:
The EPA mentor for this project is Douglas J. Norton (firstname.lastname@example.com).
How to Apply:
An application can be found at http://orise.orau.gov/epa/applicants/application.htm. Pleasereference Project # EPA Water 2014-317 when requesting information.


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Jeff Healey remembered
Jeff Healey was a blues and jazz musician who passed away in 2008. As I was driving around the other night I heard a tribute to him on what is perhaps the greatest radio station in the world, WNKU. I had almost forgot what an amazing guitar player he was. Many people made a big deal out of the fact that he was blind and played guitar sitting it flat in his lap but overlooked his amazing phrasing and musicality. Many people also didn't realize he was also a great jazz trumpet and clarinet player. Guitar Player Magazine said, "Jeff Healey may be the only cat around who can play the prewar jazz of Louis Armstrong on the trumpet, and the heavy electric blues-rock of ZZ Top on the guitar."
After hearing the tribute, I figured I would take a moment to remind everyone what a unique talent Jeff was and that he is missed.


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One of ASH's allies, Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights, maintains an excellent database of smoke-free laws at http://www.no-smoke.org/goingsmokefree.php?id=519.
Related Content
- Smoking Bans Really do Slash Heart Attacks and Strokes, Largest Ever Study Finds
- Surgeon General report says 5.6 million U.S. children will die prematurely unless current smoking rates drop
- CDC: Airports That Allow Smoking Pose Health Risks
- What is ASH's position on outdoor smoking, such as parks and beaches?
- Anti-Smoking Progress Stalls Among U.S. Adults: Report


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Bettie Lena Bell Bailey Bale, 87
Bettie Lena Bell (Bailey) Bale
of Bremerton
Feb. 26, 1922
to Nov. 7, 2009
Bettie Lena Bell Bailey Bale, went to be with the Lord on Nov. 7, 2009 in Bremerton, WA.
She was born Bettie Bailey 26 Feb. 1922, in Puyallup, and in 1936 moved with her family to Bremerton, where she met her future husband, Edward Bale. They married in May 1941 in Hawaii and returned to Bremerton 50 years ago after his Navy deployments.
Survived by daughter, Earlene Bale, Bremerton; son, Eddie Bale, Bremerton; foster son, Ron Lindsey, Bremerton; one sister, Margery Woodruff of Port Orchard; granddaughter, Angela (Eric) Strandberg, Spokane; grandson, Todd (T'mara) Bale, of Bremerton; Desi Dobbs, of Port Orchard. Great-grandchilden: Denise of Olympia, Belinda of Bremerton; Candace of Lacey; Russel Strandberg of Spokane; Jory and Jesse Bale of Bremerton,; and Thomas Rice Bale of Mason County, Xander Bale of Bremerton; Joseph, Christopher, Chandra and Harley of Port Orchard. Great-great grandchildren: Bradley and Valasiah of Jefferson Co.; Leigh and Liam of Olympia; Josiah of Lacey.
She was preceded in death by her husband in 1997; grandson, Eugene Edward Bale, in 1996; and her brother, Jack Bailey, 1992.
At her request she was cremated and there will be no services.
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Tim Ward believes Stoke could be the perfect club for Michael Owen at this stage of his career.
Owen could be final part of the Stoke puzzle
On 30th June 1998, the world of football noticed a young striker called Michael Owen. His breathtaking goal for England v Argentina at the World Cup announced the arrival of a new football superstar.
The previous month, Stoke City ended their first season in the Britannia Stadium with a 5-2 home defeat to Manchester City, relegating them to the third tier of the English football.
And now, some 12-years and a Ballon D'Or later for Owen, he has signed for the Potters. When he scored that goal in France if you had to said to any Stoke fan that this brilliant player would one day wear the red and white they'd have choked on their oatcakes. It's not every day that a former European Footballer of the Year signs for Stoke City - although the first winner was City's own Sir Stanley Matthews, albeit a Blackpool player at the time - and so his signing has rightly pleased the majority of those in the Potteries.
Sure, there are big question marks over his injury record, but I think it's a gamble worth taking. As a club, we turned down Demba Ba due to concerns over his fitness - I don't think he's missed many matches for West Ham and Newcastle United due to injuries, so perhaps Pulis doesn't want to miss out again.
Owen's Manchester United career is derided as being reduced to the fitness room and League Cup appearances. Nonetheless, Owen ended his time at Old Trafford with 17 goals in 52 games, including a winner in a thrilling Manchester derby - not too shabby really.
Owen, clearly, doesn't have the pace he once had. He's not going to be picking up passes, or throw ins (that's all we score from after all), on the halfway line before bamboozling a couple of defenders and smashing the ball in. However, his finishing talent does not seem to have diminished. If there's one thing Stoke do better than most it's getting the ball into the opposition box as quickly as possible.
Our style of play naturally causes panic and scrambles in the box and Owen is exactly the type of player who the ball always seems to land to - and that's just what Stoke missed last season - goals.
He might not get into the starting XI just yet - Peter Crouch is a guaranteed starter and Jon Walters has started the season incredibly well - a goal and an assist in the last outing versus Wigan. But as an impact sub, to begin win, Owen may well prove to be idea. And with Charlie Adam's set piece skill, the prospect of the former Real Madrid man bagging 5-10 goals this season isn't unthinkable.
And, with his debut likely to come versus Manchester City this weekend, who would bet against him marking his Britannia bow with a goal once again?


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Shelley M. Payne
Associate Faculty — Ph. D., University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
College: Natural Sciences
Home Department: Biological Sciences
Education: PhD, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Research interests:
Pathogenic mechanisms of Shigella, E. coli, and Vibrio cholerae; Genetics of bacterial iron transport systems
Recent Publications:
Role of the Pst system in plaque formation by the intracellular pathogen Shigella flexneri. Runyen-Janecky LJ, Boyle AM, Kizzee A, Liefer L, Payne SM. Infection and Immunity . 2005 Mar;73(3):1404-10.
HutZ is required for efficient heme utilization in Vibrio cholerae. Wyckoff EE, Schmitt M, Wilks A, Payne SM. Journal of Bacteriology. 2004 Jul;186(13):4142-51.


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Event Details
Multiple Days: 02/12/2014, 02/27/2014Location: Great Kills Park - Staten Island Time: 10:00 AM to 11:30 AM Fee Information: FREE Contact Phone Number: 718-987-6790
Meet at the Ranger Station.
Join a park ranger to view the many species of ducks visiting Great Kills Park. We provide a spotting scope for up close viewing; bring binoculars if you have them. Reservation required: Call, 718-987-6790. (3 miles)


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For over 28 years every issue of HEM has been full of help, guidance, validation, and support.
We are proud of defending the 1st amendment and standing up to a frivolous
lawsuit, however, this civil liberties exercise temporarily ground HEM to a
halt, we are coming back
strong with the May-June/12 issue.
DigitalOne Year Sub $12.95
HEM 1997: Issues Online
Our editors have selected a few articles and columns from 1997 issues of Home Education Magazine and we offer them here for your reading enjoyment.
HEM General Information
Homeschooling Fathers, School-to-Work: Problems and Alternatives, Becoming Unschoolers, Homeschooling Comes Of Age, Institutionalized Homeschooling, Book Reviews, Movie Reviews, Rethinking Midschool/High School Math, N HA Roundtable, Truancy, Curfews and Our Response
Reading Lessons, Communicating the Strengths of Homeschooling, Interview With Mary Griffith, Movie Reviews, The "S" Word, Parents Sharing Homeschooling, CA: ISP Accreditation Threats, Barefootin' Down the Homeschool Road, plus much more.
Family Baseball, Book Reviews, Whose Mother are You?, Good Stuff, Volunteering, Movie Reviews, Peaceful Unschooling, In Defense of Workbooks, A Visit with Mary Hood, Dealing With Doubts, Newsletters Online, News, Views and Information.
The Door is Open, Book Reviews, Less is More, Good Stuff, A World of Learning, Above Board and Underground, Interview with Patrick Farenga, Fortuic Acid, News, Views and Information.
This Internet Thing, Resource Reviews, Making Your Home a Place for Literacy, Movie Reviews, Sharing Shakespeare With Your Child, Interview with Linda Dobson, Where do We Put the Sandbox?, News, Politics and Information.
Virtual Expeditions, Developing a Writers Tookit, Spiders, Sports, and Public Policy, Hanging On To What Makes Homeschooling Distinct, The Ongoing Reading Instruction Debate, Playtime
The New 3R's - Burns
Resource Guide
Become a part of our
Resource Guide
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Home Education Magazine, PO Box 1083, Tonasket, WA 98855; 800-236-3278
Contents © Home Education Magazine 1996 - 2012


text:
Welcome to Wincor Nixdorf
Wincor Nixdorf Press Releases
8/4/15 | Wincor Nixdorf with modified market presence in Brazil – Cooperation with Perto in Hardware business – Expansion of Software business
8/4/15 | Wincor Nixdorf is Top Supplier Retail for 2015
The "Top Supplier Retail" award was conferred this year by the EHI Retail Institute in Cologne for the first time. This new award honors the entire range of excellent services and solutions that an IT partner makes available to retail businesses.
Wincor Nixdorf stands for competitive processes and efficient workflow at bank branches and retail outlets. For both, Wincor Nixdorf's aim is to reshape processes, especially at the interface with the customer, through the use of information technology. To support the process of change, we offer a comprehensive range of IT-based solutions to our customers in both sectors.
Our portfolio covers every key step in the process of change affecting business systems - from advice on changes to existing IT processes and the provision of innovative software and systems through to their adaptation and integration.
These are backed up by product-related services, concepts involving the operation by Wincor Nixdorf of specific branch IT processes, and Outsourcing services, where we take over responsibility for the entire running of those systems. In this way, we help our customers to be more efficient and more user-friendly and to reduce their process costs.


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So Long SaloonSo Long Saloon (2000) by Dave Koch
This page has been viewed 15 times this month, and 295 times total.
- Alphanim S.A.
- Cartoon Characters: Dook, Curtis, Mammy, Cereal Bob.
- Originally Released in June of 2000 (Estimate).
- Running Time: 13 minutes.
- Color
- France / Canada
Cartoon Summary:
Granny has made a terrible mistake! She's forgotten to renew the Cowboys' saloon lease! Despite her claims that the mistake is a small administrative oversight... (more)
Cartoon Video:
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Cartoon Comments:
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text:
BLOCKED: All property and property interests of designated persons are blocked and may not be transferred, paid, exported, withdrawn, or otherwise dealt in.
Criminal fines for violating the Executive Order or regulations to be issued pursuant to the Executive Order may range up to the greater of $500,000 or twice the pecuniary gain per violation for an organization, or up to the greater of $250,000 or twice the pecuniary gain per violation for an individual. Individuals may also be imprisoned for up to 10 years for a criminal violation. Knowingly making false statements or falsifying or concealing material facts when dealing with OFAC in connection with matters under its jurisdiction is a criminal offense. In addition, civil penalties of up to $11,000 per violation may be imposed administratively.
Executive Orders, Rule and Regulations:
Licenses: No general licenses have been issued.
Last program update: 7/8/2014
Executive Orders, rules, regulations and other documents:
No licenses.
Last program update: 1/6/2011
Blocking. Blocks all property subject to U.S. jurisdiction in which there is any interest of a person designated as an SDNT or SDNTK.
Prohibition: Unless otherwise authorized or exempt, transactions by U.S. persons, or in or involving the United States, are
prohibited if they involve transferring, paying, exporting, withdrawing, or otherwise dealing in the property or interests in property of an entity or individual listed on the SDN List. The property and interests in property of an entity that is 50% or more owned, directly or indirectly, by a person on the SDN List are also blocked, regardless of whether the entity itself is listed.
Penalties, Kingpin Act violations: Penalties for violations of the Kingpin Act range from civil penalties of up to $1.075 million per violation to more severe criminal penalties. Criminal penalties for corporate officers may include up to 30 years in prison and fines up to $5 million. Criminal fines for corporations may reach $10 million. Other individuals could face up to 10 years in prison and fines pursuant to Title 18 of the United States Code for criminal violations of the Kingpin Act or the regulations.
Penalties, violation of EO 12978: Civil monetary penalties of up to the greater of $250,000 or twice the amount of the underlying transaction may be imposed administratively against any person who violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of E.O. 12978 or the implementing regulations. Upon conviction, criminal fines of up to $1,000,000, imprisonment for up to 20 years, or both, may be imposed on any person who willfully commits or attempts to commit, or willfully conspires to commit, or aids or abets in the commission of a violation of E.O. 12978 or the regulations.
Executive Orders, Statutes, Rules and Regulations, and other documents:
Last program update: 8/27/14
Latest program update: mm/dd/yyyy


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Want to set your local edition?
Select an edition for more focused local news coverage when you visit mlive.
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Right now the Farmer's Market is an isolated destination. If I pack my kids up and bring them down there, and then have to load them back into the car again, I probably won't stop anywhere else. However, if it were downtown, we could go to the Market, then take a walk around and maybe hit up the Sweet Spot or a restaurant while we're down there because it's all within walking distance. I say if there's ample parking and it won't cost more for the vendors, it seems like a no brainer to move it.
I agree healthier options in the Henry St area would be good. That being said, I could still go for a sonic or Boston Market too. :)
mlive needs a like button!! Triple like!
I am very excited about this! It would be great for Muskegon to be known for green energy and turning a bad economy around. We need to be forward thinking and this is a great start! Woohoo!
We tried to go, but with small children with us we decided to stand in line to wait. Would love to try it again, but will get a babysitter next time. Happy to see such a great turnout!!
Can we convince Fatty Lumpkins to move into the place where Subway is moving from (Next to Art Cats)? :)
I love the drive-thru at the Summit location... wish Brooklyn Bagels would do the same! Makes it so much more convenient when I have two small kids in the car. Healthier option than other fast food places too. Nice to see some good changes in Lakeside too!
I care about jobs. Wind power of any kind (offshore or onshore) will create jobs in the area and that should be Muskegon's #1 focus above everything else - job creation. Job creation will make everything else fall into place.
Sad to see you go! Best wishes!
Wow, glad to see something being done about this. That is an alarming number. Kudos to the police dept.
Great news!
Everyone is praying for you!!
Of course it's subjective, it's "People's Choice".
Beautiful :)
Don't forget about the Dog 'n Suds cash mob on Saturday from 11am - 2pm! www.facebook.com/MuskegonCashMobs
Exactly! It scares off the positive voices because they have better things to do than argue with people who hide behind screen names.
Thank you Paula for addressing my comments. I now understand why mlive has chosen to keep comments anonymous, but I just wonder if the cons outweigh the pros of doing it this way. I wonder if more people would comment if it fostered a more positive environment to do so.
Those who have lived other places other than Muskegon, realize what a gem Muskegon is. Aside from the gorgeous views of the lake that I feel the locals typically take for granted and don't utilize enough, Muskegon also has a lot going for itself. From summer beer tents to amazing theater productions and everything in between. I feel people who have never lived anywhere other than Muskegon don't realize just how great this city really is and sometimes get hung up looking at the negative aspects of the city. Muskegon is not without problems, but we need to take a step back and appreciate the positive things we have going on. We have a community that truly pulls together when there is a need and gives what they can. Whether it be a school supply drive or pop bottle can drive for school playground equipment or someone who lost everything in a fire - residents of Muskegon are always willing to help out.
We need to find a way to boost Muskegon's morale and it is not going to be an easy task with any easy answers. Some new leadership in the city may help, but honestly I think a lot of the problem lies within mlive. Mlive needs to get rid of the screen name and switch to using real names only. Negativity breeds negativity and it's easy to make horrible comments when you can do it anonymously. Also, it's just a fact that negative people tend to be the more vocal ones. We can't let the 10 regular jerk commentators on mlive be the voice of Muskegon. Those of us that believe in Muskegon and love living here need to stand up and be more vocal. Otherwise the perception is going to be that all of Muskegon feels the way these 10 or so people feel. We need to hear more comments from the young people which would mean that mlive needs to make it possible to comment from the mobile site. Mlive is missing out on a huge audience in the comment section by not allowing this. The news (mlive or local tv stations) is where Muskegon gets the perception that everything is doom and gloom and everyone hates everyone. We need to see a change with how news is reported, how comments are accepted (not anonymously), and allow mobile users to add their comments from the mobile site or phone app.
--Amanda Shunta
Great review, Todd!! We loved every minute of it (aside from his warm up act). Jim made me laugh so hard right off the bat that I was nearly crying. So happy we bought tickets for this show!
Thank you, Todd!! It was a very fun contest!! We will come to the hub about 6pm to pick up the tickets... coming all the way from Muskegon. Thank you!!
-Amanda Shunta


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Year of publication
Document Type
- Working Paper (35)
- Part of a Book (12)
- Article (2)
- Periodical (1)
- Sprachtypologie (50) (remove)
- Typology of Consonantal Insertions (2010)
- The present study, based on a typological survey of ca. 70 languages, offers a systematization of consonantal insertions by classifying them into three main types: grammatical, phonetic, and prosodic insertions. The three epenthesis types essentially differ from each other in terms of preferred sounds, domains of application, the role of segmental context, their occurrence cross-linguistically, the extent of variation and phonetic explication. The present investigation is significantly different from other analyses of consonantal epentheses in the sense that it neither invokes markedness nor diachronic state of the processes under discussion. Instead, it considers the different nature of the epenthetic segments by referring to the representational levels and/or domains which are relevant for their appearance.
- On the avoidance of voiced sibilant affricates (2008)
- In this paper it is argued that several typologically unrelated languages share the tendency to avoid voiced sibilant affricates. This tendency is explained by appealing to the phonetic properties of the sounds, and in particular to their aerodynamic characteristics. On the basis of experimental evidence it is shown that conflicting air pressure requirements for maintaining voicing and frication are responsible for the avoidance of voiced affricates. In particular, the air pressure released from the stop phase of the affricate is too high to maintain voicing which in consequence leads to a devoicing of the frication part.
- Don't negate imperatives! : Imperatives and the semantics of negative markers (2006)
- Languages cross-linguistically differ with respect to whether they accept or ban True Negative Imperatives (TNIs). In this paper I show that this ban follows from three generally accepted assumptions: (i) the fact that the operator that encodes the illocutionary force of an imperative universally takes scope from C°; (ii) the fact that this operator may not be operated on by a negative operator and (iii) the Head Movement Constraint (an instance of Relativized Minimality). In my paper I argue that languages differ too with respect to both the syntactic status (head/phrasal) and the semantic value (negative/non-negative) of their negative markers. Given these difference across languages and the analysis of TNIs based on the three above mentioned assumptions, two typological generalisations can be predicted: (i) every language with an overt negative marker X° that is semantically negative bans TNIs; and (ii) every language that bans TNIs exhibits an overt negative marker X°. I demonstrate in my paper that both typological predictions are born out.
- Typology and complexity (2005)
- For the Workshop I was asked to talk about complexity in language from a typological perspective. My way of approaching this topic was to ask myself some questions, and then see where the answers led. The first one was of course, "What sort of system are we looking at complexity in - what kind of system is language?"
- Silben- versus akzentsprachliche Züge in den germanischen Sprachen und im Alemannischen (2004)
- Je nach regionaler Herkunft realisieren Sprecher des Deutschen die beiden Wörter "Verein" und "überall" unterschiedlich. [...] Der Grundgedanke dieser sprachtypologischen Unterscheidung, bei der wir uns hauptsächlich auf die Arbeiten von P. Auer (1993, 1994, 2001) sowie P. Auer / S. Uhmann (1988) beziehen, besteht darin, dass alle Sprachen eine Form von Isochronie anstreben.
- On Statives and Potentives in Western Austronesian (Mostly Tagalog) (2004)
- This contribution is concerned with prefixed forms in western Austronesian languages which have been called a wide variety of names including 'stative', 'accidental', 'involuntary', 'potential', 'coincidence', 'momentary', and so on. Although widely neglected in the literature, these formations are of major import to the grammar of many western Austronesian languages, where for all event expressions there is an obligatory choice between a neutral form and a form marked for 'involuntariness', 'potentiality', 'coincidence', or the like. Furthermore, this distinction has implications for a wide range of theoretical issues, including the nature of unaccusativity and causativity, split-intransitivity, and the grammar of control and complementation. The main goal of this contribution is to bring some basic order to the fairly broad and, on first sight at least, somewhat heterogeneous range of uses and meanings associated with these forms. I will argue that the different uses can be grouped into two semantically and morphosyntactically quite different construction types, which I will call STATIVE (proper) and POTENTIVE, respectively. Section 2 presents the major uses of the 'stative' prefix ma- in Tagalog. In section 3, it is shown that despite superficial similarities the various examples with ma-marked predicates presented in section 2 involve two different constructions and that the prefix ma- belongs to two different morphological paradigms. Section 4, finally, provides a systematization of stative and potentive uses and discusses similarities and differences between the Tagalog system and superficially similar systems in so-called split-S languages.
- What African Languages Tell Us About Accent Typology (2004)
- The goal of this paper is to survey the accent systems of the indigenous languages of Africa. Although roughly one third of the world's languages are spoken in Africa, this continent has tended to be underrepresented in earlier stress and accent typology surveys, like Hyman (1977). This one aims to fill that gap. Two main contributions to the typology of accent are made by this study of African languages. First, it confirms Hyman's (1977) earlier finding that (stem-)initial and penult are the most common positions, cross-linguistically, to be assigned main stress. Further, it shows that not only stress but also tone and segment distribution can define prominence asymmetries which are best analyzed in terms of accent.
- Acquisition of aspect (2003)


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Thanks to everyone who stopped by the blog to enter this draw (all 284 of you!), and of course thanks to Andy for letting me host.
The winner is:
Please email me with your shipping address and your three choices so I can forward them on to Andy Tauer.
Congrats and good luck to everyone else in the future draws <3<3


text:
Police this morning confirmed the identity of a man shot and dropped off at Johnson City Medical Center Wednesday afternoon.
Johnson City Police Department Capt. Mike Street said the victim, Quinton Rogers, told medical staff he did not want police called, but hospitals are required by law to report violent injuries.
Rogers was in surgery when police arrived and was incapacitated afterward late Wednesday night, leaving investigators unable to talk with him. Hospital staff told detectives it would this afternoon at the earliest before Rogers could be interviewed, Street said.
"We're not sure it happened in Johnson City," Street said. "All we know is he was dropped out at the Medical Center."
Rogers was dropped at the ambulance entrance to the JCMC emergency department about 3:45 p.m. Wednesday.
The car's driver left the area before medical personnel could tend to Rogers, who was suffering from a gunshot wound to the stomach.
Street said investigators had spoken with the driver in an attempt to get some information. No charges had been placed.
Street declined to identify the driver, saying the investigation remained open.


text:
Fine Art Photographic Prints
2014 Art Show Appearances
Sun Valley Art Show. Ketchum, Idaho. August 8, 9, 10. Atkinson Park. Booth H14
Bayfront Art Show. Duluth Minnesota. August 16, 17. Bayfront Park. Booth 200
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Good photography can help bring life to an office environment. But even the best photography, left up forever, fades into the background and becomes ignored. Read more…
Africa. It gets hold of you and won't let go. It is all of life. Pulsing. Essential. Vibrant.
I will never tire of Africa.
Linda Groom
Email: email@example.com
Copyright © 2015 Linda Groom Photography


text:
Arleigh Burke Destroyers:
Additional Analysis and Oversight Required to Support the Navy's Future Surface Combatant Plans
GAO-12-113: Published: Jan 24, 2012. Publicly Released: Jan 24, 2012.
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What GAO Found
The Navy relied on its 2009 Radar/Hull Study as the basis to select DDG 51 over DDG 1000 to carry the Air and Missile Defense Radar (AMDR) as its preferred future surface combatanta decision that may result in a procurement of up to 43 destroyers and cost up to $80 billion over the next several decades. The Radar/Hull Study may not provide a sufficient analytical basis for a decision of this magnitude. Specifically, the Radar/Hull Study:
- focuses on the capability of the radars it evaluated, but does not fully evaluate the capabilities of different shipboard combat systems and ship options under consideration,
- does not include a thorough trade-off analysis that would compare the relative costs and benefits of different solutions under consideration or provide robust insight into all cost alternatives, and
- assumes a significantly reduced threat environment from other Navy analyses, which allowed radar performance to seem more effective than it may actually be against more sophisticated threats.
The Navys planned production schedules of the restart DDG 51 ships are comparable with past performance and officials told us that hull and mechanical systems changes are modest, but these ships will cost more than previous DDG 51s. A major upgrade to the ships combat system software also brings several challenges that could affect the restart ships, due in part to a key component of this upgrade that has already faced delays. Further delays could postpone delivery to the shipyard for the first restart ship, and could also jeopardize the Navys plan to install and test the upgrade on an older DDG 51 prior to installation on the restart ships. This first installation would serve to mitigate risk, and if it does not occur on time the Navy will be identifying, analyzing, and resolving any combat system problems on the first restart ship. Further, the Navy does not plan to fully test new capabilities until after certifying the upgrade as combat-ready, and has not planned for realistic operational testing necessary to fully demonstrate its integrated cruise and ballistic missile defense performance.
The Navy faces significant technical risks with its new Flight III DDG 51 ships, and the current level of oversight may not be sufficient given these risks. The Navy is pursuing a reasonable risk mitigation approach to AMDR development, but it will be technically challenging. According to Navy analysis, selecting the DDG 51 hullform to carry AMDR requires significant redesign and reduces the ability of these ships to accommodate future systems. This decision also limits the radar size to one that will be at best marginally effective and incapable of meeting the Navys desired capabilities. The Navy may have underestimated the cost of Flight III, and its plan to include the lead ship in a multiyear procurement contract given the limited knowledge about the configuration and the design of the ship creates potential cost risk. Finally, the current level of oversight may not be commensurate with a program of this size, cost, and risk and could result in less information being available to decision makers.
Why GAO Did This Study
After nearly a decade and almost $10 billion in development on Zumwalt class destroyers, the Navy changed its acquisition approach from procuring Zumwalts to restarting production of Arleigh Burke class destroyers (DDG 51) and building a new version, known as Flight III. As requested, GAO reviewed the Navys plans for DDG 51 and missile defense capabilities by (1) evaluating how the Navy determined the most appropriate platform to meet surface combatant requirements; (2) identifying and analyzing differences in design, cost, and schedule of the restart ships compared with previous ships; and (3) assessing the feasibility of Navy plans for maturing and integrating new technologies and capabilities. GAO analyzed Navy and contractor documentation and interviewed Navy, contractor, and other officials.
What GAO Recommends
GAO is making several recommendations to the Secretary of Defense, including requiring the Navy to conduct thorough analyses of alternatives for its future surface combatant program and conduct realistic operational testing of the integrated missile defense capability of the DDG 51s upgrade, ensuring that the Navy does not include the lead Flight III ship in a multiyear procurement request, and raising the level of oversight for this program. DOD agreed with the recommendations to varying degrees, but generally did not offer specific actions to address them. GAO believes all recommendations remain valid and has included matters for congressional consideration to ensure the soundness of the Navys business case.
For more information, contact Belva Martin at (202) 512-4841 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Matters for Congressional Consideration
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: The FY 2014 National Defense Authorization Act directed the Secretary of the Navy to submit a report that provides an updated comparison of the costs and risks of acquiring DDG 1000 and DDG 51 Flight III ships equipped for enhanced ballistic missile defense capability, including: (1) an updated estimate of the total cost to develop, procure, operate, and support ballistic missile defense capable DDG 1000 destroyers equipped with the air and missile defense radar that would be procured in addition to the three prior-year-funded DDG 1000 class ships, and in lieu of Flight III DDG 51 destroyers; (2) the estimate of the total cost of the current plan to develop, procure, operate, and support Flight III DDG 51 destroyers; (3) details on the assumed ballistic missile defense requirements and construction schedules for both the DDG 1000 and DDG 51 Flight III destroyers; and (4) an updated comparison of the program risks and the resulting ship capabilities in all dimensions. The Navy did complete and submit this report as required, and DOD considers this recommendation closed.
Matter: To help ensure that the department makes a sound investment moving forward, Congress may wish to consider directing the Secretary of Defense to require the Navy to submit a thorough, well-documented AOA for the its future surface combatant program that follows both DOD acquisition guidance and the elements outlined in our first recommendation prior to issuing solicitations for any detail design and construction contracts of DDG 51 Flight III ships.
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: The National Defense Authorization Act for 2013 (Sec. 123) authorized the Navy to enter into one or more multiyear contracts, beginning in fiscal year 2013, for the procurement of up to 10 Arleigh Burke class Flight IIA guided missile destroyers,as well as the Aegis weapon systems, MK 41 vertical launching systems, and commercial broadband satellite systems associated with these ships. This approval did not include authorization for a Flight III ship. In particular, the Senate Appropriations Committee stated it was premature to request authority for an ECP within the multiyear procurement at this time and provided multiyear procurement authority only for Flight IIA Arleigh Burke class guided missile destroyers, as authorized in S. 3254, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013.
Matter: To help ensure that the department makes a sound investment moving forward, Congress may wish to consider directing the Secretary of Defense to include the lead DDG 51 Flight III ship in a multi-year procurement request only when the Navy has adequate knowledge about ship design, cost, and risk.
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: Although the Congress did not take legislative action on this recommendation, on July 24, 2012, the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisitions, Technology and Logistics issued a memorandum to the Secretary of the Navy re-designating DDG 51 as an ACAT 1D program, consistent with our recommendation.
Matter: To help ensure that the department makes a sound investment moving forward, Congress may wish to consider directing the Secretary of Defense to elevate the ACAT status of the DDG 51 Flight III to an ACAT ID level if the decision is made to continue pursuing the program.
Recommendations for Executive Action
Status: Open
Comments: DOD disagreed with the recommendation to conduct an Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) for its future surface combatant program. The Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategic and Technical Systems), believes that the MAMDF AOA and the Radar/Hull study constitute the objectives of an AOA and stated that the Navy is continuing to develop the preliminary design of the Flight III Engineering Change Proposal (ECP), which it believes will be completed by November 30, 2013. Moreover, DASD/STS stated that OSD Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation (CAPE) completed its cost assessment for the DDG 51 multi-year procurement and stated that the multi-year procurement from Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 through FY 2017 will be for Flight IIA ships and a future competitive contract action will be used to award ECPs to insert any Flight III changes. The first Flight III ECP would be awarded for an FY 2016 ship at the earliest. CAPE will complete a cost assessment for the Flight III ships prior to contract award. In addition, DASD (STS) stated that sensor netting might be a key capability for the future; however, sensor netting has not been determined to be a requirement for any future surface combatant including DDG 51 Flight III. The Joint Multi-Service Systems Engineering Team (MSSET) is conducting engineering that is addressing sensor netting across the Joint Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) architecture. Initial focus is on Air and Cruise Missile Defense but will eventually evolve to Ballistic Missile Defense. The MSSET is funded to provide the Joint I AMD systems architecture and to conduct the engineering to recommend an integrated solution to the Services and Missile Defense Agency by the end of FY 2014. While the above studies provide an opportunity to look at the potential costs of the Flight III program they do not supplement our original recommendation that recommended the Navy look at all possible surface combatant solutions--not just DDG 51. DOD considers this recommendation closed. The Navy has recently begun an analysis of alternatives for a future surface combatant to potentially replace the current Arleigh Burke class of destroyers, but this study is in the early stages. We will keep this recommendation open pending the completion of this AoA. The Navy also submitted a report to Congress comparing the costs of equipping both the DDG 51 and the DDG 1000 destroyers with the Air and Missile Defense Radar, but this study did not take into account the capability of DDG 1000 to carry a larger, more powerful radar than DDG 51, which was a limitation we saw in the Radar Hull Study.
Recommendation: The Secretary of Defense should direct the Secretary of the Navy to conduct a thorough AOA in accordance with DOD acquisition guidance for its future surface combatant program to include: (a) a range of representative threat environments developed in concert with the intelligence community; (b) results of its ongoing Flight III studies and full cost estimates in advance of awarding DDG 51 Flight III production contracts; (c) implications of the ability of the preferred ship to accommodate new technologies on future capabilities to determine the most suitable ship to carry AMDR and meet near-term IAMD requirements and provide a path to far-term capabilities; (d) implications on future fleet composition; and (e) an assessment of sensor netting-conducted in consultation with MDA and other cognizant DOD components-to determine the risks inherent in the sensor netting concept, potential current or planned programs that could be leveraged, and how sensor netting could realistically be integrated with the selected future surface combatant to assist in conducting BMD. This AOA should be briefed to the Joint Requirements Oversight Council.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense
Status: Open
Comments: The Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategic and Technical Systems) DASD(STS) stated that Section 231 of title 10, United States Code, requires the submission of a periodic report to Congress on the long range plan for the construction of naval vessels. The Navy will continue to assess future threats and ship affordability, modify its shipbuilding plan, and make future periodic reports as required by section 231. In addition, the Navy will include in long range shipbuilding plans any future, larger surface combatant, carrying a more capable version of AMDR, including the costs and quantities, if such capability is determined necessary and affordable. However, the Long Range Shipbuilding Plan for Fiscal Year 2014 issued on April 11, 2013 only indicates that the Navy plans to procure a DDG 51 Flight IV, but does not provide additional information regarding the specifics of this ship, including whether it will be based on a clean sheet design as well as the costs. The Navy has not yet released a long-range shipbuilding plan in support of the fiscal year 2015 budget request. Since this ship is expected in 2030 this recommendation will be left open pending additional long range shipbuilding plans.
Recommendation: The Secretary of Defense should direct the Secretary of the Navy to report to Congress in its annual long-range shipbuilding plan on its plans for a future, larger surface combatant, carrying a more capable version of AMDR and the costs and quantities of this ship.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense
Status: Open
Comments: According to the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategic and Technical Systems) DASD (STS), the Navy's Commander for Operational Test and Evaluation Force (COTF) continues its early involvement in land-based and at-sea testing via developmental testing assists and through the COTF Detachment Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division to provide early insight into system performance. In addition, DASD (STS) stated that the developmental and operational testing approaches and details will be documented in the MDA's Integrated Master Test Plan and the Navy's Test and Evaluation Master Plan 1669 Revision I, to be approved by OSD Director for Operational Test and Evaluation and Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Developmental Testing and Evaluation. A revision to TEMP 1669 was approved, but while the Navy believes that they have addressed our recommendation by adding live fire testing, DOT&E still maintains that the Navy does not have adequate plans to support live-fire testing of integrated air and missile defense and modifications to the Aegis weapon system. DOD states that Aegis Advanced Capability Build-12 is now designated as Aegis Baseline 9, and an updated memorandum of understanding was signed replacing the current Ballistic Missile Defense test ship with an Aegis Baseline 9 IAMD destroyer to support this testing. The Aegis Baseline 9 Mission Readiness Assessment for USS JOHN PAUL JONES (DDG 53) was completed April 26, 2013. which authorized Combat Systems Underway #1 (CS-1 ). The Navy's test strategy for evaluating all ACB-12 warfighting upgrades will be documented in TEMP 1669 Revision 1; approval of TEMP 1669 Revision 1 was delayed following disapproval by the Director, Operational Testing and Evaluation (DOT&E) of the Navy's Modeling and Simulation (M&S) strategy as well as the inability to realistically test in the close-in battle space due to safety constraints, which is causing the Navy to rework the CG BL 9 testing strategy. The Navy expects to have a new test strategy for the CG BL 9 ready by April 30, 2014. However, DOT&E's position remains that the draft TEMP 1669 Revision 1 will not provide for the testing required to perform a full operational assessment of IAMD, because it will be impossible to evaluate operational effectiveness of BL 9 capability to protect itself from cruise missile attacks in all realistic engagement areas. DOT&E has determined that operational evaluation of self-defense capability requires a self-defense test ship, which does not exist for the Aegis Weapon System (AWS). DOT&E has also determined that the M&S strategy requires much higher-fidelity modeling capability than is currently available for AWS. The Navy plans to improve its AWS modeling capability to support testing of DDG-51 Flight III. These improvements are planned to complete by FY 2019. A date for final approval of TEMP 1669 Revision 1 cannot be determined at this time. We are leaving this recommendation open as this is still a pending issue.
Recommendation: The Secretary of Defense should direct the Secretary of the Navy to, in consultation with MDA and DOD and Navy weapons testers, define an operational testing approach for the Aegis ACB-12 upgrades that includes sufficient simultaneous live-fire testing needed to fully validate IAMD capabilities.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: On July 24, 2012, the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisitions, Technology and Logistics issued a memorandum for the Secretary of the Navy re-designating the DDG 51 program as an ACAT 1D program, consistent with our recommendation.
Recommendation: The Secretary of Defense should upgrade the oversight of the Navy's future surface combatant program to ACAT 1D status, and ensure that the appropriate milestone entry point is selected to provide cost baselines and assessments of design and technical risks and maturity.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense
Status: Closed - Not Implemented
Comments: The Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategic and Technical Systems) DASD (STS) stated that DOD is following the certification requirements of section 2306b of title 10, United States Code, regarding requests for multi-year procurement authority. In fiscal year 2013 the Navy received congressional approval for its plan to award a multiyear procurement contract for fiscal year 2013-2017. This MYP arrangement would include six Flight IIA DDG-51s in FY2013-FY2016. Beginning in FY2016, however, the Navy plans to introduce three Flight III ships using Engineering Change Proposals. Thus, the Navy has essentially included the Flight III ships in the MYP and did not take action on our recommendation.
Recommendation: The Secretary of Defense should ensure that the planned DDG 51 multiyear procurement request does not include a Flight III ship.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense
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text:
Canucks fans all seem to agree that hiring John Tortorella was a big mistake. But here's a question that most fans haven't asked: could a small child have done a better job at coaching the Canucks than Tortorella?
The answer might just be yes. At least, that's the impression I got from reading the advice a number of elementary school kids sent to Trevor Linden. The first piece of advice offered by the vast majority directly contradicted one of Tortorella's biggest coaching philosophies: practice more.
They also differed from Tortorella in how much trust they put in Eddie Lack. Tortorella repeatedly started Lack after the Olympic break, including in the Heritage Classic, alienating Roberto Luongo and leading directly to his trade to the Florida Panthers. The kids, on the other hand, don't seem to even consider Lack a goaltender , with many under the impression that the Canucks have no goalies at all.
Bryce, 6, says the players "have to practice hockey every day," while Louis, 11, thinks that "3 times every week" is enough. Emma, 6, is content if the team practices "before a big game," while Sienna, 6, just says to "practice a lot." Sophia, 12, supports daily practices, illustrating a prospective schedule:
"Practice more," says Quintin, 11, and so does Isaac, who adds that the players should "count to ten or inhale and exhale 4 times when mad." That's got nothing to do with practicing, but it's sound advice.
I like the advice given by Alvina, 11, who suggests that one practice a month should just be handed over to the players: "just let the team talk and get to know each other."
Everett, 12, gets specific and suggests they "practice more give and go." Leon, 6, wants the Canucks to "practice shooting" and "practice skating." Apple, 6, agrees with the latter: "practice skating more."
Bruce, 11, just wants "more practices to make it to the playoffs" and Chloe, 7, suggests the Canucks need to "work harder and practice." Josh says, "have more practices…to get better." Doris, 11, says "try to practice more." Again and again, the advice from the kids is "practice more."
Seriously, children understand that you need to practice to get better at something. Tortorella apparently didn't.
Aidan, 12, also wants practices, but it's the picture that gets me on this one:
Yep, when given the chance to draw a Canucks goaltender, he drew the puck going right past him high glove. That seems like an appropriate transition to what the McKay Elementary kids think about goaltending. There isn't an Eddie Lack fan among them.
"Get a better goalie," says Henry, 7, Emma, 6, Timothy, 12, and Lawrence, age undisclosed. Linda, 10, agrees, prefacing the advice to "get a better goalie" by saying that it would "make your team even more fabulous." More fabulous than Lack? That's hard to believe.
Louis, 11, says that Linden should "get Luongo and Schneider back," while Jericho, 11, sets his sights a little lower and suggests that Linden just "get Luongo back." Dylan, 10, thinks "the Canucks need better goaltending." Cassidy, 11, says "don't go around trading goalies like Mr. Gillis did."
Alex, 11, thinks that the Canucks could win with Lack, but it won't be easy: "Get a better goalie or help him [Lack]. He needs a lot of help."
David sums it all up succinctly:
Good goalies instead of no goalies. Nailed it.
Seriously, though, the advice from the kids of McKay Elementary is adorable. Other points of emphasis for the kids include on-ice communication, encouragement, avoiding penalties, and getting better players. That last one is a pretty good idea.
This letter may be my favourite of the lot:
Joey isn't just 6, he's 6 and a half, and you can really feel the weight of that extra half-year of life experience in his advice. What I love about this is that he's not saying the Canucks shouldn't take penalties, just that they shouldn't go to the penalty box when they do. Has anyone tried that? Just outright refused to go to the penalty box when they take a penalty? If not, Joey's advice may revolutionize the game.
I love this one too:
Don't stay up too late, Canucks. Even if it seems fun to stay up late at night, Ahmad knows that you just end up tired and cranky the next day. He also advises flat-out lying: "Tell them they can do it even if they can't."
The entire gallery of advice from the kids is available on Canucks.com and I encourage you to check it out.
Neat article…. but really??? I'd like to know who told or read to the kids the article from this paper about Tortorella's silliness. I know about a dozen kids (6-15 yrs) who are Canucks fans and they certainly have opinions, but only 1 of them knew anything about the whole Torts deal.
Talk about putting words in kids mouths….
I don't think it's that at all. Look, if a kid isn't very good at a sport, what is he or she told to do? Practice. So, if they see or are told that their favourite sports team is playing poorly, what would their automatic advice be? Practice. I think that's all it is. I have a feeling that the teachers brainstormed with the kids and encouraged ideas like communication, encouragement, and practice, because those are things they want the kids to use in their own lives.
I am a parent of one of these wonderful children and am finding humor in the perspectives of the writers. Yes, the children are so very correct because of their innocence and what we teach is not always what we follow later in life. Children are taught to be good at something, the key is to practice practice practice and they can achieve anything they want! But practice and don't ever give up! They're not looking at or referring to politics, they are stating the obvious truth as a 11 or 12 year old is aware of. As for perspective, I laughed at the reference to the goaltending picture drawn by Aidan states that he's pointing out the lack of goaltending skills due to the puck being drawn going into the net!! Maybe, due to it being a 2D image, the puck is 5 FT infront of the net and the goalies lifting his glove to save it! It's horrible of you to be depicting these children's advice words and pictures and incorporating your own perspective into their meanings. Don't assume, don't depict, read these with the same innocence of a child and see the true solid genuine advice that isn't pointing fingers or playing into politics. When in doubt, ask the children what they meant and don't put words into their mouths.
I'm trying to decipher the last picture. As near as I can tell, it looks like somebody getting really mad at a vending machine, another guy shadow boxing, and two others who are… doing something. I'm not really sure if the top one is ski-jumping off the bottom one, or if they're just doing a really exotic position from the Kama Sutra.


text: That would involve youth contracts. But, if MLS minimum salary is $33K, what would a youth contract pay? $10K? That wouldn't be worth it to nearly everybody to give up their potential NCAA eligibility. Which is why better TV ratings are so important to MLS. Larger TV contracts raises the minimum salaries, which in turn one day a $33K (or in the neighborhood) salary could eventually be a youth contract. Xolos could be paying Paul equal, or maybe more than the MLS minimum and he would just be on their youth teams to start out. Xolos are owned by a very shady former Mayor of Tijuana (been linked with cartels), but one that is extremely rich, one of the richest people in Mexico who doesn't mind spending to push the Caliente gambling brand. But whole heartedly agree with your very first sentence.