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A dongle for interfacing between a DSL/analog combo modem with a single RJ-11 jack and each of a DSL and analog phone outlets. The dongle in combination with the combo modem can be used in both DSL spluttered environments and DSL splitterless environments. The dongle includes a DSL microfilter, and a switch to turn the filter on and off. When the filter is off, the dongle acts as a wire router and DSL splittered signals received from a DSL outlet are passed to the DSL outer twisted pair of the dongle's RJ-11 combo jack. Analog splattered signals received from the analog outlet are passed to the analog inner twisted pair of the dongle's RJ-11 combo jack. When the filter is on, the DSL and analog signals are received on the same DSL twisted pair and are filtered by the filter so as to split out each of the DSL and analog signals. The filtered signals are then passed to each of the DSL outer twisted pair and to the analog Ainner twisted pair, respectively, of the dongle's modem RJ-11 combo jack.
1. A dongle for interfacing a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)/Analog combo modem with each of a DSL line and an analog phone line, the dongle adapted to operate in one of a first state and a second state corresponding respectively to a splittered environment and a splitterless environment and comprising:
a combo jack having a first pair of terminals and a second pair of terminals;
a DSL jack; and
an analog jack, wherein the combo jack is coupled to the DSL jack and the analog jack simultaneously, and wherein the combo jack receives DSL signals at one of the first and second pairs of terminals, and analog signals at the other of the first and second pairs of terminals.
2. The dongle of
3. The dongle of
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7. The dongle of
8. A dongle for interfacing a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)/Analog combo modem with each of a DSL line and an analog phone line, the dongle comprising:
first, second and third jacks;
means for separating combined Analog and DSL signals of a mixed type into signals of a first type and signals of a second type, respectively;
means for routing signals of a first type from the first jack to a first pair of terminals of the third jack;
means for routing signals of a second type from the second jack to a second pair of terminals of the third jack; and
means for routing signals of a mixed type from the second jack to the means for separating.
9. The dongle of
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to telecommunications devices and more particularly to the use of modems in DSL and analog environments.
2. Background Information
Standard analog modems (modulator-demodulator devices) are currently commonplace in the home and office environments, where they are used to enable electronic devices, such as personal computers, to transmit data over existing telephone lines (made of small gauge copper wire) to other electronic devices. Data is stored digitally in such devices, but is converted by an analog modem to be transmitted over the lines in analog form. A data stream is established between a sender (i.e., originating electronic device) and a receiver (i.e., receiving electronic device) by using the resources of an entire telecommunications system. In other words, data is transmitted from the sender's local loop, through a telephone switching system, and to the receiver's local loop. Because the lines used by analog modems to transmit data only use a frequency range of about 0-3400 Hz, a data transmittance limit of about 56,000 bits-per-second (bps) exists for communication through the lines. An analog modem operating at this high end may, for example, be a modem operating under the ITU V.90 standard.
An emerging technology called Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) offers users data transmittance speeds much higher than those offered by standard modem systems. Unlike the switching systems associated with analog communications, modems that support DSL must be physically connected at one end of a telephone line (i.e., copper wire) to a phone company central office at the other end of the line, which is typically no longer than 18,000 feet. However, by using a much greater bandwidth (from 60 KHz to 1 MHz), DSL allows higher transfer rates, but is limited to 18,000 feet in reach. Currently, DSL modems are capable of transmitting data from around 8.128 Mbps to 512 Kbps (downstream) and 128 Kbps to 800 Kbps (upstream).
In addition, because DSL technology uses a different area of the spectrum than regular telephony, it is possible to have simultaneous voice and data use of a single copper connection. One example of communications technology that provides this is called Asymmetric DSL (ADSL). In other words, the "lower" range of frequencies (i.e., up to 3400 Hz) is used for the transmittance of voice data, while the "higher" range is used by a DSL modem to transmit digital data. In this way, a DSL connection is always "on" and separate from any voice data transmissions. However, many phones may pass onto the copper frequencies higher than 3400 kHz and allow voice data to interfere with a DSL data stream. Conversely, the higher frequencies used by a DSL modem may be picked up by a phone, which will cause static in the voice data stream.
Two methods currently exist for countering these problems. The first one creates a "splittered" environment, where devices called "splitters" are attached to phone lines in close proximity to the home or office where data is to be received. As shown in the
The second method creates a "splitterless" environment, where lower frequency data (i.e., analog voice) is not separated or "split" from the higher frequency data (i.e., digital DSL) before being received from a wall jack. As shown in the
Currently available DSL/analog combo modems are equipped with two RJ-11 jacks for connection to outlets. In the interest of cost and space reduction, however, it would be preferable to have such a combo modem with only a single RJ-11 jack. An example of such a modem is described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/792,946, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In a splitterless environment, where both analog data and digital data frequencies are carried on a single line, a combo modem with only one RJ-11 jack is immediately useful. However, in a splittered environment, analog and digital frequencies arrive at separate wall jacks or outlets. When using a DSL/analog combo modem with one RJ-11 jack, a user is able to transmit and receive only one of the frequencies at a single time. In other words, a user with a one-jack combo modem connected to a wall jack receiving analog frequencies (i.e., voice) must disconnect the modem from the wall jack and connect it to a wall jack receiving digital frequencies (i.e., DSL) if the user desires to use the DSL capability of the modem.
The present invention is directed to a device which allows a single-jack DSL/analog combo modem to be simultaneously connected with an analog outlet and a DSL outlet in a spluttered environment.
According to a first embodiment of the present invention, a dongle is provided for interfacing a DSL/Analog combo modem equipped with a single jack with each of a DSL outlet and an analog phone outlet, the dongle comprising a combo jack having an inner pair of terminals and an outer pair of terminals, a DSL jack; and an analog jack, wherein the combo jack is coupled to the DSL jack and the analog jack simultaneously, and wherein the combo jack receives DSL signals at the outer pair of terminals and analog signals at the inner pair of terminals.
According to a second embodiment of the present invention, a system is provided for interfacing, comprising first connecting means for routing signals of a first type from a first jack to an outer pair of terminals of a third jack, second connecting means for routing signals of a second type from a second jack to an inner pair of terminals on the third jack, and third connecting means for routing signals of a mixed type from the first jack to a filtering means, wherein the filtering means separates the signals of a mixed type into signals of a first type and signals of a second type.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like elements have been represented by like reference numerals and wherein:
To allow a single-jack modem to simultaneously connect to an analog phone outlet and a digital phone outlet, a dongle 100 is provided as shown in FIG. 1. Dongle 100 includes three jacks: a combo jack 101, a DSL jack 102, and an analog jack 103. All three of these jacks are of the RJ-11 standard in the exemplary embodiment. Combo jack 101 includes four connection terminals (a), (b), (c), and (d), where terminals (a) and (d) are commonly referred to as outer twisted pair terminals, and where terminals (b) and (c) are commonly referred to as inner twisted pair terminals. Combo jack 101 connects on one side internally to digital jack 102 and analog jack 103, and on the other side externally to a combo modem, such as DSL/analog combo modems 403 or 503 (shown in
Digital jack 102 includes on one side an inner pair of terminals (e) and (f) that are internally connected in dongle 100 to the outer pair (a) and (d), respectively, of combo jack 101. The connection lines in
Analog jack 103 includes an inner pair of terminals (g) and (h) that are internally connected in dongle 100 to the inner pair (b) and (c), respectively, of combo jack 101. The connection lines in
Also included in dongle 100 are filter 104 and switch 105, where filter 104 represents a means for separating mixed signals and may be a DSL microfilter as described above. Switch 105 is operable to switch between an OFF and ON position, with filter 104 correspondingly and respectively switching OFF and ON. Filter 104 is not used while in an OFF position, but acts to separate DSL and analog signals in an ON position. One method for filter 104 to perform this function is to act as a low-pass filter, such as a DSL microfilter, where data frequencies above around 3400 Hz (e.g., digital DSL signals) are blocked.
In a spluttered environment, switch 105 is turned OFF, which sets filter 104 in an OFF position. In this situation, a DSL-only line is connected to DSL jack 102 and an analog line is connected to analog jack 103. DSL signals received at DSL jack 102 are kept separate from analog signals received at analog jack 103 as they are routed to the respective outer and inner pair terminals of combo jack 101. From combo jack 101, a combo modem receives both the DSL and analog signals.
In a splitterless environment, switch 105 is turned ON and filter 104 acts to separate analog signals from DSL signals. In this situation, a line carrying both DSL and analog frequencies is connected to DSL jack 102. Analog jack 103 is not used. Switch 105, filter 104, the lines connecting DSL jack 102 to filter 104, and the lines connecting filter 104 to terminals (a), (b), (c), and (d) of combo jack 101 represent a means for routing signals of a mixed type (i.e., both DSL and analog frequencies) to filter 104, and for routing separated signals to the terminals of combo jack 101. Filter 104 operates (e.g., as a low-pass filter) to separate the DSL and analog signals on the shared pair (i.e., from inner pair (e) and (f) terminals), and separated DSL signals are sent to the outer pair (a) and (d) of combo jack 101, while separated analog signals are sent to the inner pair (b) and (c). From combo jack 101, a combo modem receives both the DSL and analog signals.
In this way, a DSL/analog combo modem with only one RJ-11 jack can be used in both a splittered environment, where the modem is simultaneously connected with an analog line and a DSL line, and a splitterless environment, where the modem only needs to be connected to one line carrying both DSL and analog signals on a shared pair. The use of a device such as dongle 100 avoids the swapping of cables or lines that necessarily results when a single-jack combo modem is used in a spluttered environment.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restricted. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description and all changes that come within the meaning and range and equivalence thereof are intended to be embraced therein.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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That Seems… Unnecessary: Steampunk PenFriday, January 7th, 2011
I'm not sure what a screwdriver, bullet casings, and nail clippers have to do with steampunk… Via Epic Win FTW, who is building an oversized steampunk hand, just to be able to hold this thing. Find steampunk pocket watches on Ebay
Gotta Catch 'Em… Oh, Forget It: Handmade Pokeball BeanieFriday, January 7th, 2011
Sigh. Oh, anime nerds… this isn't a hat.* It's a target. Via Fashionably Geek, who never met a bullseye he didn't smear with rotted Pikachu. * Formerly on sale on Etsy. Find Pokemon costumes on Ebay
He Will Be Remembered (and Scoffed at) Fondly: Computer TombstoneThursday, January 6th, 2011
A man in China who loved computers died at the age of 26 while emailing his friends. So his family had a headstone carved for him in the shape of a desktop computer, with the monitor displaying his dates of birth and death. Because, obviously. Via Nerd Approved, who loves internet porn, so I can't […]
Yes, This Exists: The Star Trek CookbookThursday, January 6th, 2011
That's right. The Star Trek Cookbook. So what's the featured recipe? NERD CAKES? Ha! … Yeah. That happened. And I apologize. Not for mocking this lamebrained idea for a cookbook, but for the lazy joke. Sometimes the low-hanging fruit is the tastiest, you know? Seriously, though, folks… [waggles cigar] …given what I can see of the […]
Guys Call Them "Shoes": Star Wars Peep-Toe PumpsWednesday, January 5th, 2011
Someone doesn't think very much of your taste or standards, geeky ladies, because they basically slapped a bunch of Star Wars shit on a shoe and called it "fashion." Even I know better than that. And I'm the guy who only found out last week that Swatch watches are no longer "cool." (In other news: I've […]
Congrats to the Creepiest Guy on the Slopes: Crocheted Cthulhu Ski MaskMonday, January 3rd, 2011
This guy's girlfriend crocheted him a Cthulhu ski mask for the holidays. Which means that either he really loves Cthulhu, or his girlfriend really, really hates his face. (Or both, I guess… in which case, everybody wins!) Via Reddit, who finds Cthulhu more attractive than six out of ten Floridians. Find plush Cthulhu toys on […]« Previous Entries Next Entries »

subset: commoncrawl


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Unique heritage home within blocks to the International Ferry Terminal. Manicured grounds make a peaceful setting yet within walking distance to restaurants, galleries and museums.
The only Bed and Breakfast in Yarmouth on the water, with 4 rooms all with private baths. Built in 1864, this heritage home is simply lovely. Esther and Gil rescued this house from the wrecking ball and lovingly restored it to its former grandeur.
A Historic large mansion with a charming motel wing. All rooms are available with or without the full sit down breakfast. Centrally located near all attractions in downtown yarmouth. Free parking and internet. Coffee available. Low rates.
Find a Yarmouth, Nova Scotia bed and breakfast for your romantic weekend getaway. Intimate b & bs are cozy, romantic accommodations that are perfect for a mini-vacation, honeymoon, or wedding anniversary celebration. You will love the unique charm of our Yarmouth, Nova Scotia inns. Many guesthouses include complimentary breakfasts and unbeatable hospitality. Browse our bed & breakfasts and plan your Yarmouth, Nova Scotia romantic getaway today!


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Find Out How the "Mattel Toy" became America's Assault Rifle.
Gun Digest Classics
Johnny Reb and His Guns
The Civil War was a turning point in American history. Edward R. Crews describes the different weapons used by the Union and the Confederates and how the quality and availability of arms affected the outcome of the war.
Video: How to Read Every Gun Digest Book Ever Published
The new Gun Digest eBooks site offers unlimited reading of more than 130 Gun Digest books dating back to 1944. Click here to check out Gun Digest eBooks. More About Gun Digest eBooks The motto of Gun Digest is "We Know Guns So You Know Guns," and eBooks are one of the easiest, most...
Perfect Autoloaders for Upland Game
While artists may like to depict upland hunters with double barrel shotguns, doubtless more upland game are actually taken with autoloaders. Here is a look at some of the best repeaters.
Tingle's Creation Still Amazes
Never heard of the mighty Tingle .44 blackpowder magnum revolver? Welcome to the club. Predating Ruger's Old Army .44 by more than a decade, the Tingle .44 blackpowder is all but forgotten today.
The .44 Magnum … One Year Later
The world's most potent handgun cartridge in the year 1958, its history and development, plus notes on handloading and shooting it, by the man whose dream came true!
Mauser: The Most Important Rifle
With the closest estimate of production hovering between 91 million and 125 million, and having been manufactured for the military of twenty or more countries, it's hard to imagine a rifle more important than the Mauser Model 98.
Remembering the Late Model G
We can be sure that Morris F. Smith was the only person who ever applied the terms "reliable" and "durable" to the infamous Standard Model G automatic rifle.
One Good Gun: My Sporterized Mauser
I think the idea of sporterizing a military Mauser has been with me since I was in my early twenties. There is no doubt that it was the direct result of reading Jack O'Connor's books and articles.


text: After countless faithful translations to the big screen -- not to mention one timeless, Oscar-winning musical version -- Charles Dickens' tale of downtrodden London youth is given a gritty, contemporary spin in this independent Canadian production. This time told from the point of view of the Artful Dodger, Twist transposes the story of Oliver Twist to modern-day Toronto, where Dodge (Nick Stahl) is a smack-addicted male hustler working the streets when he comes across foster-home runaway Oliver (Joshua Close). The two strike up a fast friendship and Dodge makes the boy his apprentice, introducing him to a world of drugs, prostitution, and squalid, rent-free living, overseen by the formidable pimp Fagin (Gary Farmer). But Oliver finds his loyalties torn between his nascent attraction to Dodge and his son-like affection for Nancy (Michèle-Barbara Pelletier), the girlfriend of and pusher for the powerful drug dealer Bill Sykes. Written and directed by former child actor Jacob Tierney (The Neon Bible), Twist first made its appearance on the festival scene at the 2003 Venice and Toronto fests. ~ Michael Hastings, Rovi


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The irony of midterm elections is that sometimes the smartest, best-organized party committees fall victim to the most devastating waves. That was true in 2006, when the National Republican Congressional Committee made a heroic but unsuccessful effort to defend the party's majority under horrific conditions, and it is equally true of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee this year.
Under the leadership of Rep. Chris Van Hollen, the committee chairman; Executive Director Jon Vogel, a seasoned and talented tactician; and whip-smart Jen Crider, the communications director, the DCCC spent all cycle unglamorously stacking sandbags in the face of hurricane-force winds. Their diligence and discipline prevented even worse Democratic losses. Our forecasts had to make their lives miserable, yet they were always professional and generous with their time. Early on, DCCC officials tried to push their more lethargic members; many who did not heed their storm warning perished. They worked around the clock to save other members who simply would not have escaped otherwise. Political waves aren't terribly forgiving.
Neither Senate campaign committee started in an enviable position.
Credit should be given to Rep. Pete Sessions of Texas and his National Republican Congressional Committee for adopting a bullish approach to the midterms early, and to a consortium of deep-pocketed GOP outside groups, including Steven Law's American Crossroads, the American Future Fund, and the 60 Plus Association, along with the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. At a time when few people gave the Republicans a shot at retaking the House majority, both Sessions and Rep. Kevin McCarthy of California defined the difference between success and failure as 218 seats. There were times when we had doubts about their strategy, but the proof is in the pudding as the GOP gained the largest number of seats by either party since 1948 and the largest in a midterm since 1938. In McCarthy's case, he put Republican challengers on the playing field in districts that had never seen legitimate GOP House candidates before, and more than a few of them won.
NRCC Political Director Brian Walsh and Communications Director Ken Spain were always laser-focused on a majority and matched the killer instinct of Democrat Rahm Emanuel and his lieutenants circa 2006. In the final month of the campaign, the NRCC's independent-expenditure chief, Mike Shields, efficiently targeted limited committee resources across the broadest array of competitive seats since 1994. The NRCC's early spending allotments were a wink and a nod to behind-
the-scenes whiz Carl Forti, who played orchestra conductor for the Republican-allied outside groups and plugged the NRCC's spending holes.
Neither Senate campaign committee started the cycle in a particularly enviable position. Coming off two cycle elections that netted 14 seats and broke committee fundraising records, the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee suffered from overexposure, weary donors, and high expectations that it could pull off a three-peat, even in a midterm election. The National Republican Senatorial Committee was coming off of two unsuccessful cycles that left demoralized donors unwilling to open their checkbooks for another losing effort. The NRSC was also hit with a spate of early retirements, which ultimately proved to be a blessing in disguise. Both parties endured their share of recruiting successes and failures.
As the political environment turned sour for Democrats, the DSCC made the best of a bad situation, showing the same aggressiveness it displayed in 2006 and 2008. Executive Director J.B. Poersch and Political Director Martha McKenna, both committee veterans, doggedly pursued a strategy of painting Republican candidates as extremists. They also recognized and leveraged the opportunity that the tea party presented them. And they kept the heat on potentially vulnerable GOP incumbents in hopes of creating a sleeper race or two, although that proved impossible in the current environment. Communications Director Eric Schultz did a masterful job of cheerleading for tea party candidates in primaries, knowing that their nomination would only help the Democrats.
To the winner goes the spoils, and the NRSC worked hard for every one of the six seats that Republicans netted and the open seats they kept. Executive Director Rob Jesmer, Political Director-turned-independent-expenditure Director Randy Bumps, and Political Director Chris LaCivita successfully walked a tightrope between the tea party and the rest of the GOP, publicly embracing tea party nominees but making tough decisions about who got assistance. They didn't chase lost causes.
They stayed out of some primaries and got involved in others, and although this has produced some intraparty finger-pointing, the NRSC did what it is supposed to do: back candidates who can win general elections. Senate Republicans give Chairman John Cornyn of Texas high praise for making individual senators appreciate what was at stake and getting them to participate in the effort, a more difficult task than it should have been in the Republican Conference.
He also gets high marks for convincing donors that gaining seats was more than possible. Communications Director Brian Walsh and Press Secretary Amber Marchand gave as good as they got from their DSCC counterparts. They consistently reminded the media that this election was about President Obama and the Democratic Senate leadership, but they never lost sight of the need to keep GOP candidates at the center of the narrative.
This article appears in the November 13, 2010 edition of National Journal Magazine.
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Responding to Specific Behaviors - Students Who May Be Suicidal
Responding to Students who May be Suicidal
Although suicide is a rare event, it is the third leading cause of death among college students. Suicidal states are often associated with major depression, a combination of acute anxiety and depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, drug and alcohol abuse, and bipolar disorder. People who are suicidal often tell people about their thoughts or give clues to others about their feelings.
Some factors associated with suicide risk are:
- suicidal thoughts
- pessimistic view of the future
- intense feelings of helplessness, especially when combined with anxiety
- feelings of alienation and isolation
- viewing death as a means of escape from distress
- previous suicide attempts
- personal or family history of depression and/or suicide
- personal or family history of suicide attempts
- substance abuse
- history of self-mutilation
Don't be afraid to ask directly about suicide. Asking a student about suicidal thoughts will not plant an idea if it isn't there already. Asking the question will eliminate secrets and reduce the stigma of talking about difficult feelings and thoughts – the first steps toward relief and solutions.
A student who is suicidal and who confides in someone is often highly ambivalent about suicide and open to discussion. Students who are at high risk usually have a specific plan, have a means that is lethal (e.g., medication, knife, gun), a time frame in which they will kill themselves, and they tend to be or feel isolated.
- Call the Office of Public Safety, 607-274-3333 from a cell phone, (or 911 from an on-campus phone), if the student is in immediate danger to him/herself.
- Talk to the student in private.
- Remain calm and take the lead.
- Take a student's disclosure as a serious plea for help ("I hear clearly that you are really considering killing yourself to just end the pain of how badly you are feeling").
- Ask the student directly about feelings and plans ("Are you thinking of killing yourself?" "How have you thought about doing it?").
- Express care and concern, and assure the student that you will help him or her reach a professional ("I believe and trust everything you are saying and hat you have not gotten to this point easily. I am highly concerned for you and want you to believe and trust me now that seeking help can make a difference even if it doesn't feel this way right now").
- If the incident occurs during business hours, escort the student to the Counseling Center on the lower level of the Hammond Health Center.
- Call the Office of Public Safety, 607-274-3333 from a cell phone, (or 911 from an on-campus phone) to access emergency services 24/7.
- If you feel overwhelmed or unprepared to help a student who may be suicidal, call the Counseling Center to consult with a counselor about how to proceed.
- All threats must be considered potentially lethal.
- Minimizing the situation ("It is not okay to kill yourself.").
- Arguing with the student about the merits of living ("You have good grades and everyone loves you, how could you think of killing yourself.").
- Allowing friends to assume responsibility for the student without getting input from a professional.
- Assuming the family knows that the student has suicidal thoughts.
For more information, see the Counseling Center Suicide Awareness and Prevention Website:


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Some Challenges before the Left
Brinda Karat
ONE of the issues discussed in the 20th Party Congress was that of identity politics and the challenges this poses before the Left movement. Both the political resolution and the ideological resolution adopted at the Congress have dwelt on this issue.
The processes leading to the fragmentation of the identity of working people under the neo-liberal regime, pose new challenges before the Left, particularly in a society like ours where multiple divisions historically exist, based on caste, religion, region, language etc. In the last two decades, these divisions have been accentuated by a particular brand of politics which uses caste and/or community as tools to divide the working people and for the creation of vote banks for political mobilisation. This process has been aided by changes in the material conditions created by neo-liberal policies in which men and women work in India and all over the world. These policies also give birth to an ever-growing army of unemployed or underemployed youth whose growing frustration is tapped into by various reactionary forces. Taken together, there is an objective process at work which tends to weaken the identity of the worker as a worker and erode class consciousness.
Under the neo-liberal regime, there have been changes both in the production process and in the nature of labour contracts, which negate workers' rights. On the one hand, there are the highly advanced production units, which are capital intensive and employ a negligible number of workers who require higher educational degrees and skills. On the other hand, capitalists find it more profitable, in the manufacturing sector as a whole, to decentralise, divide and sub-divide the production process through outsourcing of the various operations by the main company and then to finally assemble the finished product. The major trend in labour deployment is the mass casualisation and contractualisation of the workforce and a sharp deterioration of conditions under which men and women find employment. According to the International Labour Organisation workers in "vulnerable employment," that is employment without security has greatly increased. It has estimated that in 2010 over 50 per cent of the global labour force, that is 1.5 billion (150 crore) workers, many of them women, were in extreme forms of work insecurity.
In India the number of workers in the organised sector comprise hardly seven per cent of the work force now. The public sector employs most of these workers. With the large scale Voluntary Retirement Scheme measures in place, recruitment is low and the employment rate is declining. On the other hand, in the private sector there is increasing informalisation of the work force. In the total number of workers in manufacturing sector (as per the Annual Survey of Industries) the share of contract workers has increased from 20 per cent in 1999-2000 to 32 per cent in 2008-2009. In both rural and urban India, the number of casual workers is increasing. The NSSO estimates that between 2004-2005 and 2009-2010, the number of casual workers increased by as many as 21 million workers. In contrast, regular workers whether in urban or rural areas increased by only 5.8 million.
A larger number of workers have multiple occupations, thus the worker identity tends to get blurred. With the decentralisation of the production process, the layers of contractors, supervisors or petty agents also conceal the direct relation between the worker and the employer. Thus, the sharp class contradiction between the workers and the employer as experienced in a factory no longer exists for a large section of the work force.
Historically, the growth of big manufacturing units with a large workforce under a single roof, often living together in contiguous areas, helped to develop a culture related to the collective work and lives of workers. In India, the textile workers living in Bombay or the textile industrial areas in Delhi or the jute and engineering factories in Bengal are some examples where a vibrant culture helped the development of a class based unity and identity. This is not to say that the caste system was eliminated; caste based discriminations worked in different forms. But the industrial working class organised in the old type of factories and mills and living in and around those industrial areas objectively provided the basis for a major political constituency of the working class. The identity of the worker was built on the premise of unity against class exploitation, which was buttressed by the experience of daily work.
Over the last two decades, with the changes in the production process there has been a fragmentation of the workforce and cultures have emerged which reflect this fragmentation. The bonds of workers collectively involved in the production process have weakened considerably. The old workers' colonies have been bulldozed, replaced by real estate developers' paradise of skyscrapers for the moneyed and big malls and shopping centres. The disappearance of the labour colonies from the urban landscape has been accompanied by the dispersal of workers and labourers, weakening their political weight and striking power, whether in the economy or cultural and social life. On the other hand with the outsourcing system and the decentralised process, the workers home often becomes his/her workplace. Thus traditional working class politics, based on worker mobilisations around the work processes and the workplace, has got weakened.
This is the background for the intensification of politics based on non-class identities. The most obvious reflection of this fragmentation of identities of the working people is seen in the rapid growth and spread of organisations and movements which seek to utilise objective processes for narrow sectarian needs. This cannot be seen as affecting the trade union movement alone. It affects the wider social and political life of our country. In fact, it constitutes one of the biggest challenges to the Left movement as a whole.
How does the Left counter this? Clearly it is important to reach out and organise the vast army of the unorganised sector involved in the various outsourced processes. In addition, the effort has been to stress on the universal demands of all working people as a counter to these identity based movements which are proliferating. This, of course, is essential. The common bonds of class unity are based on the exploitation of all working people and this must be stressed. But in today's context is this enough? It has been estimated for example that a dalit worker doing the same job as a non-dalit worker gets a wage, which is one third of what the latter gets, because he is a dalit. A woman worker gets a wage, which is one third to half of what is earned by a male worker, because of her gender. The Sachar committee report pointed to the discrimination in jobs and the access to education and skills faced by Muslims. As a result of this, Muslims were mostly employed in less paid more vulnerable trades and professions of self-employment.
The slogan of class unity will have meaning for a dalit worker only if working class movements mobilise all workers against the specific oppression and exploitation that he or she faces as a dalit; Muslims will be drawn to movements which take up and highlight the specific discrimination they face as Muslims; struggles against neo-liberal policies cannot go ahead without specific reference to the impact on working women. Peasant movements that seek to address agrarian distress have to specifically study the impact of such policies, say on tribal peasants as compared to non-tribal peasants. In other words, unless the specific oppressions, exploitations and discriminations are addressed which occur because of their being dalits, women, tribals or Muslims, Left strategies in India to counter identity politics cannot be successful. The slogan of class unity rings hollow to these masses if their specific issues are not given due prominence by all workers and progressive movements. We must understand the differentiation that is taking place due to neo-liberal policies and address it in a comprehensive manner.
Another aspect of the problem is the understanding that such issues are "social" issues which are subordinate to class issues. This is rooted in a very mechanical interpretation of the Marxist understanding of base and superstructure. In his preface to A Critique of Political Economy, Marx had written "In the social production of their existence, men inevitably enter into definite relations, which are independent of their will, namely relations of production appropriate to a given stage in the development of their material forces of production. The totality of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation, on which arises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness. The mode of production of material life conditions the general process of social, political and intellectual life … changes in the economic foundation lead sooner or later to the transformation of the whole immense superstructure." From this some sections of the Left have concluded that issues related to caste, gender or religion based discriminations are in the realm of the superstructure and therefore at best, are not priorities for the working class movement, and at worst are to be left to be dealt with after the revolution! Such an erroneous view has done incalculable damage to the movement. The way Indian society has historically developed with the close intertwining of caste and class, it is clear enough that caste has been used as a tool to extract more surplus from the labour of the so-called untouchables and shudras. Patriarchal cultures have been used to depress the value of female labour. In this context, therefore, caste and gender appear as class issues.
However, while the large majority of dalits and tribals belong to the basic classes of workers and small peasants, women and minorities are not homogenous communities. The discrimination a woman belonging to the better off sections may face certainly cannot be equated with a factory woman worker even though they are both women. But, at the same time, as a woman in this patriarchal society she is also vulnerable to patriarchal violence perpetrated on women. Among Muslims, although substantial sections belong to professions and communities which have been traditionally exploited, there is no homogeneity of class backgrounds. In this context, these are social issues, relating to the question of social oppression.
Thus, there are both class aspects as well as social aspects that the Left must address in its approach. By lumping all this together under the category of "social issues" we tend to underestimate the critical role that work among these sections plays in the current struggle to change the correlation of forces in India. On the contrary, the absence of Left initiatives will strengthen the trend of narrow identity politics driven by retrogressive forces.
Neo-liberal policies have had a wide ranging impact on society, on production processes as well as social relations. The urgency to take up issues of dalits, tribals, women and minorities cannot be emphasised enough. These are the social sections that should be the natural constituency for the Left and democratic forces in our country. Effectively combining the struggles against class exploitation and social oppression of these sections is a strategic task before the Left.


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Tolerance of deformation varies with the type of tissue: bone is the strongest, and neural and vascular elements are the most vulnerable (Graham et al., 2002). Tensile strain and shear strain are the two types that most commonly cause damage to the vasculature and brain (Graham et al., 2002).
Dynamic loading is categorized as either impulsive or impact loading. Impulsive loading occurs when the head is stopped or set into motion by an indirect impact, such as a blow to the thorax. Head injury results from the inertia produced by the movement of the head. Impact loading, the more common form of dynamic loading, results when a blunt object strikes the head. Inertia and contact occur in combination. An example would be deceleration of the head when a moving automobile strikes a tree and then the driver's head strikes the steering wheel.
Missile injuries, such as gunshot wounds, are a common cause of TBI. These injuries are classified as either penetrating or perforating depending on how the missile traverses the head (Graham et al., 2002). In penetrating injuries, the object enters and lodges within the cranial cavity. Perforating injuries occur when the object traverses the cranial cavity and leaves through an exit wound. The extent of damage is governed by features of the missile (shape and mass) and by its direction and velocity (Morales et al., 2005). Damage is also related to the amount of energy that is released in passage through the brain (Graham et al., 2002). Although brain damage is often severe, there are instances when the bullet bypasses critical centers and the person maintains consciousness (Graham et al., 2002).
A number of recent reviews have addressed pharmacologic strategies of treatment for TBI (Faden, 2002; Morales et al., 2005; Thompson et al., 2005; Marklund et al., 2006; Schouten, 2007). The strategies have targeted secondary injury cascades, including those related to excitotoxicity, calcium channels, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell-death pathways, calpains, endocrine-related abnormalities, altered neurotransmission, and growth factors (Marklund et al., 2006). Pharmacologic blockade targeting those pathways has improved the outcome in animal


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Slow Down for More Success
By: Hugh O'Neill
- Overview
- Romance: Score Slowly
- Wealth: Succeed Slowly
- Health: Breathe Slowly
- Nutrition: Eat Slowly
- Sports: Swing Slowly
- Fatherhood: Steam Slowly
- Brainpower: Absorb Slowly
- Fitness: Sculpt Slowly
- Music: Groove Slowly
- Craftsmanship: Saw Slowly
- Humor: Be Funnier, Slower
- Career: Speak Slowly
- Style: Dazzle Slowly
- Friendship: Sip Slowly
- Serenity: Be Effective, Slower
More Guy Wisdom Lists
Humor: Be Funnier, Slower
"Becoming a better comedian is about learning how to take your time," says Kevin Nealon, who got plenty of laughs on Saturday Night Live as a deadpan anchorman in Weekend Update, among other roles. "It's really hard to do, but you need patience to set up a joke carefully. If the audience senses you're rushing, they'll worry about you, and they can't enjoy themselves if they're anxious."
In fact, slowing down your thoughts is the secret to getting better not just at delivering lines, but at listening to them as well. Often we don't really hear our colleagues or wives or children, because as they're talking, our minds are racing ahead to what we're going to say in reply. Consequently, we aren't as receptive as we could be and we don't get to drink as deep as friend or father.
This life wisdom applies onstage too. "When you actually listen to what the other actors are saying," says Nealon, "your performance takes on a life, a humanity that can be exciting and funny."
Sign up for our FREE Daily Dose newsletter for the best fitness, health, sex, and nutrition tips delivered to your inbox daily.


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Rams Odds of Leaving for L.A. Look Good Now That Jacksonville Has New Owner
Categories: Rams
|Shahid Khan: The greatest mustache in sports returns to claim his prize.
But here is where Khan's ascent to the NFL's ownership table could still have a big impact on the St. Louis Rams: Khan, who made millions as president of a Champaign-based auto parts manufacturer, will reportedly keep the Jaguars in Jacksonville. Khan made a similar pledge when pursuing the Rams, saying he would keep the team in St. Louis.
Stan Kroenke has made no similar promise.
Prior to today's announcement Jacksonville was seen as one of the franchises most likely to pack its bags for a new stadium being built in Los Angeles. Following today's news, St. Louis just moved up to the front of the pack, adding one more argument to our list of 5 reasons the Rams will leave for L.A.
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Coca-Cola sales have slowed, in part because of the weather. The company says global soda sales rose by only 1 percent in the second quarter — less than expected. Coke's CEO cited rain and cold temperatures in the U.S., which seems to have put a damper on consumers' desire for a refreshing soft drink.


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Cavs enter game with new QB, similar strategy
It may not be the most ideal of situations but East Rutherford head football coach Clint Bland isn't too worried.
Well, maybe he's not that worried.
Last week, in a win over Kings Mountain, Cavalier starting quarterback Austin Hollifield was knocked out of the game with a concussion and will miss today's 7:30 p.m. home clash with East Burke.
In his place will be junior DJ Miller who took over with an 8-point lead and drove East Rutherford's offense down for what would be the game-winning drive after Kameron Garrison scored from 2 yards out.
Now, Miller will be tasked with going from start to finish with the offense.
"I'm happy we have a win but if this quarterback gets knocked out we'll have to put a running back in and hope he can take a snap," Bland said.
Despite some trepidation, Bland said Miller does provide the same options at quarterback as Hollifield.
"With DJ's ability to run, it gave us a dual threat back there and he's not the passer Austin is but there is some things we can do with him," Bland said.
Additionally, the Cavaliers (1-3, 1-0 SMAC) will have Griffin Stamey back in pads tonight. Stamey sat out the last two games after suffering an MCL strain during practice.
As for East Burke (1-2, 0-0 SMAC), they bring a running game that stung McDowell County last week, 14-7.
"To me, everyone looks good," Bland said. "They don't look at big and physical as Kings Mountain on video but they run the football well."
Bland said East Burke utilizes an I-formation running attack and line up similar to East Rutherford.
"Anytime you watch a video and a team runs the football successfully, it scares me," Bland said. "I would rather see a passing team than one that runs the ball right down your throat."
It could cause some problems with the East Rutherford defense but Bland said he has seen improvements over the last four weeks in a defense that allowed leads to slip late in the first three games of the season — all losses.
"If you take one of the touchdowns from last week away, because it was on me, the defense only gave up 13 or 14 points," Bland said. "It's slowly coming and it's good to get a win."
That win has helped over the last week as Bland said practice has been "more enjoyable" for, not just him and his coaching staff, but for the players.
"It's much easier to go to practice when you are coming off a win," Bland said. "We have had a very good week of practice and, I hope that carries over."


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"My pulse beats the rhythm to the music in my head.
If the music ever stops, then surely, I'll be dead."
~ Melody
Photo credit to Reinaldo Medina Photography. Info on his work can be found HERE.
Hi, I'm Melody! Yes, Melody, as in music, and I can never get enough of it!
I believe that music can help people express what they might have trouble expressing with just words.
Life should have its own soundtrack...
Thankfully, I am a Zumba® Fitness Instructor, so I get to share my love of music with you.
I've seen Zumba® Fitness bring positivity and joy into people's lives. My goal is to continue to spread that joy to the best of my ability.
So, do you want to smile, sweat and embrace your inner silly? Then come join me at the party!
CPR/AED/First Aid Certified
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This summer's showpiece in the capital will be the first time that Team GB have competed in the men's football competition since the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome, where they finished third in their group.
Coach Stuart Pearce set tongues wagging and Twitter alight when he overlooked David Beckham for his squad, handing the three over-age player slots to skipper Ryan Giggs, Craig Bellamy and Micah Richards.
But now we know who he has to work with, I thought I'd have a crack at picking the best starting XI to kick off Team GB's bid for gold against Senegal at Old Trafford in Manchester on July 26.
The host team also play the United Arab Emirates at Wembley on July 29, before their final group fixture against Uruguay at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium on August 1.
I'll give you a quick reminder of the squad at Pearce's (and our) disposal, then select my team, asking you to do the same through our comments box.
Remember you can choose whatever formation you like - even Spain's controversial 4-6-0 if you wish!
Team GB squad:
Goalkeepers: Jack Butland (Birmingham), Jason Steele (Middlesbrough);
Defenders: Ryan Bertrand (Chelsea), Steven Caulker (Tottenham), Craig Dawson (West Brom), Micah Richards (Manchester City), Neil Taylor (Swansea), James Tomkins (West Ham);
Midfielders: Joe Allen (Swansea), Tom Cleverley (Manchester United), Jack Cork (Southampton), Ryan Giggs (Manchester United), Aaron Ramsey (Arsenal), Danny Rose (Tottenham), Scott Sinclair (Swansea);
Strikers: Craig Bellamy (Liverpool), Marvin Sordell (Bolton), Daniel Sturridge (Chelsea).
Simon Wilkes' Team GB (4-2-3-1): Butland; Richards, Dawson, Caulker, Taylor; Allen, Ramsey; Sinclair, Giggs (c), Bellamy; Sturridge.
Defence: Rising star Butland is an automatic pick between the sticks for me, but selecting my defenders was not so easy.
Richards slots in at right-back despite not seeing much club action for Manchester City, while Taylor just gets the nod ahead of Bertrand due to his fine season with Swansea and his understanding with Caulker, who also had a fantastic campaign with the Welsh outfit.
West Brom and England Under-21 star Dawson showed enough in his few starts for Albion to warrant a starting spot, especially as he offers more of a threat from set-pieces than Hammer Tomkins, who is unlucky to miss out.
Midfield: I want pace and energy in my engine room, so am asking Swansea playmaker Allen and Wales wonder Ramsey to be the men who pick the ball off the defenders and orchestrate play from midfield.
Messrs Sinclair and Bellamy are the men tasked with providing width and running at the opposition's backline, with captain Giggs playing in an attacking central role to ensure he causes chaos with his killer passes and eye for goal.
Attack: I'm picking Sturridge as a lone striker, as he has a single-minded hunger for goals and should relish being the main man up front.
The Chelsea frontman, who is strong with both feet and has pace to burn, has had viral meningitis but has been backed to be fully fit by Robert Di Matteo, and said himself: "I am optimistic about being able to make the Olympics."
What do you think of my team? Have Your Say, then pick your Top Men!
Simon Wilkes
TEAMtalk Editor
You can follow me on Twitter, @SimonJWilkes


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Based in Newport on the central Oregon coast, Oregon Coast
Council for the Arts (OCCA) is the hub of coastal arts
opportunities, offers exceptional
variety, provides world-class arts
experiences, strengthens the arts,
and nurtures the artist in
everyone through education. OCCA serves Clatsop,
Tillamook, Lincoln, Coos and Curry counties, as well as coastal
towns in Lane and Douglas counties, as regional arts council.
OCCA also manages the Newport Performing Arts
Center (PAC) and Newport Visual Arts
Center (VAC).
OCCA Theatre Camp: July 20-31.
Shakespeare Camp with Rod Molzahn Aug. 3-14.
12th annual event is set for October 2-4.
From the National Theatre, showing August 7.
Three Oregonians. Three writers. Three literary genres published by an Oregon publisher.Join for their u ...
Learn More


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'Screen World' annual outstripped by IMDB
Normally, I stick with DVDs and BDs on this blog. But a recent e-mail press release caught my eye: the 63rd edition of "Screen World," which purports itself to be "the definitive record of the cinema since 1949." I asked for a review copy and got it last week. Unfortunately, I found it wanting. There […] [Read More]


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Coach Bob Natl Invite Week 2 Preview
Todd Gold
Saturday, March 26, 2011
2012 Coach Bob National Invitational
Week two of the Coach Bob National Invitational heats up as the five divisions join the Open Section which has been underway for a week. Host Boulder Creek (AZ) will play in the National Division after going 5-1 in the Open Section, with a tough 4-3 loss in the
National Game of the Week
as the lone blemish.
National Division
Boulder Creek will be joined by West Salem (OR) who played well in an Open Section tuneup against a strong Valley Vista (AZ) opponent, before falling short in extra innings on their opponents' home field, it was just the second game of the season for West Salem. Chaparral (CO) and Lake Oswego (OR) round out Pool A of the National Division, Chaparral dropped a close one in their season opener to perennial powerhouse Rocky Mountain at Coors Field, while Lake Oswego will open their season at Coach Bob. Boulder Creek boasts the top pitching prospect in the state of Arizona, in Arizona State commit
Tony Blanford
. Lake Oswego is off to a 4-0 start to the season, a strong opening that was punctuated by a 4-0 win over nationally ranked defending Oregon 6A champions Westview.
Pool B of the National Division includes defending Colorado 5A state champion Regis Jesuit is joined by fellow 2011 Colorado 5A playoff qualifier Columbine. The Colorado representatives will be joined by host O'Connor (AZ) and Sheldon (OR). Sheldon features an interesting prospect in 2013 LHP
Brett Nielsen
, who will start the opener against Regis on Monday. Regis is a young team features several interesting prospects, including 2012 RHP
Peter Bayer
Brody Weiss
and 2014 LHP
David Peterson
. O'Connor is a strong club in spite of its youth, and 2014 SS
Greg Saenz
caught the eye of PG scouts last week during the Open Section, while 2012 3B
Brendon Erickson
provides senior leadership and offensive production. Columbine has several players who have committed to play at the next level and we look forward to getting our first look at them.
American Division
Pool C of the American Division is hosted by North Canyon (AZ) and Valley Vista (AZ). Valley Vista went 4-1 last week in the Open Section, and are led by an interesting prospect in 2012 SS
Caleb Wood
, while also boasting Missorui bound 2012 RHP
Matt Garringer
. Arizona sends an out of town representative to Pool D as Prescott travels about 100 miles southeast to compete at the Coach Bob National Invitational. Clackamas (OR) comes into the tournament at 2-0 on the season, having won their opening games by a combined score of 28-5.
Other players that we have received positive reports on and are looking forward to seeing in the American Division include: Pine Creek (CO) 2012 RHP
Ryan Warner
, ThunderRidge (CO) 2014 SS
Brody Westmoreland
, Churchill (OR) 2012 LHP
Jake Lessel
and Prescott (AZ) 2013 OF
Brady Mengarelli
. Ponderosa (CO) 2012 3B
Andrew Paust
is 6-for-10 with a pair of Home Runs in the Mustangs' first three games of the season and has pitched well on the mound.
AAA/AA/A/Open Divisions
La Jolla Country Day (CA) features 2012 C
Sam Ayala
, a UC-Santa Barbara commit and several other talented players who we have seen in the past. Sandy (OR) 2012 SS
Kendall Main
, Heritage (CO) 2012 C
Kyle Calhoun
, Fairview (CO) 2012 1B
Rocco DeSantis
, Sheldon (OR) 2013 OF/LHP
Mike Ralston
and Dakota Ridge (CO) 2012 RHP
Steven Wilson
are other players to watch heading into the tournament.
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VDV Scout® Pro 2 LT Tester and Test-n-Map Remote Kit
Batteries: 9V battery included
Coax barrel F adapter: 1 (female to female)
Coax push-on F adapter: 8 (threaded male to push-on female)
Included Accessories: Carrying case
RJ45 jumper test cable: 8
Sub Brand: Scout Pro
Test-n-Map ID Remotes: 8 (Remote #1 is self-storing)
Read, understand and follow all instructions, cautions and warnings attached to and/or packed with all test and measurement devices before each use.
Always wear approved eye protection.
Do NOT use on energized circuits.


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Workplace Safety Companies in Seychelles
Category: Health & Safety ×
Subcategory: Workplace Safety ×
Location: Africa ×
Location: Seychelles ×
based in Branford, CONNECTICUT (USA)
Since 1956, Seton has been the Source for Safety, Labeling and Signage Solutions. We offer more than 250,000 products – both online and in our catalogs – which are designed to increase workplace safety and enhance facility marking applications for our millions of customers around the globe. Seton is a worldwide leader in safety and identification products. We offer more ...
ACD Shelter Techniek BV
based in NETHERLANDS
ACD is a sole source provider of rescue and emergency shelters, Decontamination Systems and CBRN Colpro protection equipment. We supplied to over 40 countries worldwide All our equipment is in house developed and manufactured to assure the specific requirements and quality needed for maximum safety. We have a strong presence in the world of Decontamination and CBRN. We ...
J.J.Keller & Associates, Inc.
based in Neenah, WISCONSIN (USA)
J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc. is a supplier of safety and regulatory compliance solutions for transportation, manufacturing, construction, human resources, security and general industry. J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc. is a privately-held company that helps businesses, large and small, deal with the complex and constantly evolving regulations that affect their ...
SeniNhle Occupational Health Services (Pty) Ltd
based in Garsfontein, SOUTH AFRICA
We specialise in industrial hygiene and medical surveillance services that include nosie measurement, dust measurement, measurement of exposure to hazardous substances, lighting, indoor air quality, ergonomics, industrial hygiene risk assessment, vibration. We also supply personal protective equipment
based in Östersund, SWEDEN
DUZTECH AB is situated in Östersund in northern Sweden. We create solutions mainly for dust suppression. Our products is technically market leading and the company has a deep knowledge on designing, manufacturing and automatising machines for spraying watermist. Our products work with pure water. A mist of micro water droplets is spread over a large area using an ...
Fall Safe
based in Vila do Conde, PORTUGAL
Fall Safe is a leading premium manufacturer of Personal Protective Equipment against falls from height, we create unique product inovations for the most demanding workers in the most dangerous environments around the globe, we stand for we do it. You`re Safe!
Barnard Construction Company, Incorporated
based in Bozeman, MONTANA (USA)
At Barnard Construction, we have the depth, expertise, experience, and capabilities of a large company, yet the flexibility of a medium-sized organization able to tackle the most challenging projects anywhere in the world. Timothy Barnard founded Barnard Construction Company, Inc. in 1975. Since then, the company has grown from a one-man operation into a multimillion ...
Synthesis Media
based in Berkhamsted, UNITED KINGDOM
We provide online marketing products and services to the scientific industry. Suppliers can advertise on our site at laboratorytalk.com and buyers can access over 40,000 pages of product news, case studies, applications and more. LabFace is our SEO, visibility and content creation company and provides a number of online marketing services to lab suppliers and laboratory ...
based in SPAIN
European Safety Manufacturer with CE and EN. Own testing laboratory with 11/B certificate. Respiratory, Hearing, Ear, Head & Eye Safety Products. Half Masks -TPE, Silicone, Rubber, Filters for Half Masks, DIN Filters, Foldable Dust Mask, Active Carbon, With or without valve, Ear defenders, Earmuffs, Technical Spectacles -Prescription Spectacles, Welding - Foundry ...
based in Bleiswijk, NETHERLANDS
Lockout-tagout-shop.com is the online supplier of high quality Lockout tagout systems for industry. Our products are engineered according to the valid OSHA standard and are durable, standardised, reliable and identifiable. Our webshop enables you to simply select, order or quote your required products. Lockout tagout or LOTO is a safety procedure which is used in industry ...


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Marcellus / Utica Shale Systems EngineeringWe offer experience and manpower! Working in these new shale plays has taught us and our customers that there is no substitute for experience and manpower. Many of our competitors may offer great system designs but do not have a path to market other than subcontractors and untrained workers. Some have a local workforce, but are left without engineering capability and high tech support. Our team of Crawford Technical Services, ALEDco, and Leonard Crawford Electric has local employees and offer manpower services ranging for excavation, electrical contracting, pipeline installation, mechanical fabrication, to engineering and IT services.
Mobile Extraction SystemsThe diagram below highlights a basic system proposal that we have offered and constructed for several customers with needs for water extraction and truck filling applications. Some of the unique solutions that we have developed for our customers are:
RTU SolutionsOur HydroWatch RTU (Remote Telemetry Unit) has been developed with many options and capabilities. A basic HydroWatch solution comes equipped with a NEMA 4X polycarbonate enclosure with a clear window and full color operator interface mounted within an inner swing panel. The standard HydroWatch RTU is powered with 120VAC, however a solar powered system is also offered. Standard I/O includes 8 digital inputs, 6 relay outputs with an upgrade capability for (2) cards of additional I/O. Every HydroWatch RTU has Ethernet as its standard communication protocol, but HydroWatch drivers have been developed to communicate with Modbus RTU serial networks such as SCADALynx and CygNet. The image to the right is a standard RTU that has been upfitted with a fill control light and customer required RAVEN cell modem.
Typical Applications for this RTU include:
Solar Powered EquipmentThe Northern PA and lower New York regions have a unique climate and limited number of sunny days per year. Coupled with freezing temperatures most of the winter, solar powered solutions must be developed for a rugged and limited sunny day environment. Catalog solar solutions simply won't work and typically do not provide enough power for true remote monitoring applications since the unique geography in this region is not understood by catalog based sales companies. Our solar solutions have been used for a number of applications including: 1. Power for LED lighting in portable filter trailers, 2. RTUs that both monitor and control generators for pump control, and 3. Power cell modems that monitor creek gauging systems. We have developed many customer solutions and will work with your application to ensure that our solution meets your application requirements.
The images to the right are of a custom solution that we developed for a gas field monitoring application. This application called for (2) 130 watt solar cells with (198) amphour batteries. Notice that this dual compartment enclosure has been powder coated stainless silver with venting for the enclosed batteries. This system offers a local lower power switch when the system is not in use along with an operator interface for system controls once the system is powered with generator AC power.
***Please note that although this system has been developed as a custom solution for the application, all system components are off the shelf items. In the event of a component failure, our systems utilize the same components that are available with 24 hours.
Pump Control SystemsApproximately 50% of our business is the development of pump control systems. Working with our partner ALEDco, a National Oilfield Varco (NOV) and the single largest Gorman Rupp distributor in the United States, we have developed approximately 50 pump control systems for the Marcellus and Utica Shale Plays. Our pump control systems range from 5HP extraction pumps to dual 500HP multistage high pressure pumps along with a number of multistage extraction, charge, and high pressure pumps to meet the exact requirements of our customers geography and pumping requirements. In other cases we have worked with smaller sites to develop single phase pump controls to operate (3) phase pump systems. Listed below are some of the key services we offer for Pump Control Systems:
Truck Filling SystemsTruck filling systems can be developed with many options that include completely automated, manual valves, and local operator interfaces for datalogging fill information. All truck fill systems can be broken into two categories:
Truck GPS TrackingHydroWatch has complete GPS truck tracking capability. Water is associated with a truck along a delivery route to ensure that water arrives at the correct location, drivers obey posted speed limits, routes are efficient, along with many other features. With the complete HydroWatch interface, proactive decisions can then be made with data that has never been available before. Some of the advanced features available on the Truck Tracking Dashboard include:
Security System IntegrationHydroWatch has been developed as an open architecture software program which allows us to integrate many additional features into the software that are not typical of water management or specific to water sites. Early in the implementation of the first few HydroWatch systems, we learned that site security was just as important as tracking trucks and water. To address customer concerns, we created a security system interface that allows for the integration of Ethernet enables security systems that utilize any of the following:
Electrical Power SystemsThe roots of Leonard Crawford Electric are electrical contracting and being that we are a partner company, there is no doubt that we provide electrical contracting and power distribution services. With a wide range of customers in both typical industrial manufacturing and the gas & oil industry, our teams of electricians have both the tools and know how to get jobs done. Services can ranges from medium voltage switchgear and MCCs to low voltage service entrance construction services up to 6,000 Amps at 480VAC. In many cases we have developed power systems with stand-by generator power until the utility connection can be made. The image to the right shows a 600KVA generator that powers a pump system with 800Amps at 480VAC. Included with this generator power connection were the containments for the generator/fuel tank, refueling, and maintenance services.
New Service Construction
In 2012 we built over (20) service entrances for water extraction, impoundment, and treatment sites that range from 200 to 2,000 amps. To construct these services, Crawford Technical Services has complete design capability where we develop and complete the following:
Instrumentation & Surge Voltage ProtectionUnderstanding analog signals and knowing how to protect them is an absolute prerequisite for working in gas fields. Our engineers and field teams understand how to troubleshoot and install transmitters of all types. Be it 4-20mA or 0-10 volt signals, we have the equipment and understanding to support your application. A typical HydroWatch water fill station will have a number of analog signals:
When selecting surge voltage protection for these types of devices, there are (3) major questions to ask.
Q1. What type of surge voltage is the equipment likely to experience?
A1. Depending on the type of event the equipment is likely to experience, the proper device selection is critically important to the process. There are no, "One size fits all," for surge voltage protection. Lighting and transients are very different from one another. For additional details, visit the Power Quality section of this webpage.
Q2. Is a high integrity ground available?
A2. Without a good ground connection, surge voltage protection equipment is useless. When installing a surge voltage protection device, be sure to install a high integrity ground (See Article 500 of the NEC)
Q3. What technology would be used to protect the equipment?
A3. This may seem like a repeat of question 1, but MOV based products are used if the device is being installed on a power line, but MOV based products are never a good idea for instrumentation. MOVs have leakage currents and will always affect signal accuracy. In the protection of analog signals and communications, diode or gas tube based products are the best solution.
The image above is of a pressure transmitter on a gas pipeline that has a local 4-20mA surge voltage protection device that has been integrated into the explosion proof conduit nipple. This device is diode and gas tube based such that it will protect the pressure transmitter, but will not affect the signal integrity.
Flow Meter/Tank Level/Reservoir MonitoringIf HydroWatch is the brain of an extraction system, flow meters, tanks level sensors, and impoundment gages are the eyes and ears of the system. HydroWatch control systems have many types of sensors and devices to continuously monitor the system and aid operators and decision makers of the operating process. Fully automatic pipeline pumping stations have upwards of 50 sensors that allow PID algorithms to operate the system in the most efficient rates possible without exceeding permitted rates.
With so many sensors on extraction systems, diagnostics are critical in ensuring that sites stay operational. HydroWatch has hundreds of integrated alarms and diagnostics that anticipate input values. If an input signal jumps high or falls too quickly, HydroWatch can sense a failure in a sensor and alarm operators to corrective action. The ability to quickly troubleshoot system faults is a major differentiator between HydroWatch and other systems.
USGS Creek Gage Documentation/Monitoring ServicesThe United States Geological Survey maintains thousands of water gages across the United States and in many cases these gages are the determining factor of when water extraction can occur. With the use of HydroWatch, hundreds of creek gages are monitored and this information is relayed to automatic extraction systems. Once a site goes into pass by mode, water levels must rise above threshold values typically for 48 hours before pumping can resume. HydroWatch continuously monitors these gages and documents values to servers on an hourly basis. At the end of the quarter, HydroWatch combines extraction amounts with the USGS creek gage data to show documented proof that water was only extracted at times when permitted.
Frost Control/InsulationWinters in Northern PA and Central New York can be extremely cold and bring a pumping system to its knees. Frozen water lines can rupture and pumps dead heading will destroy motors in minutes. It is a best practice to install as much equipment below the frost line to protect against such events, but there still are requirements for valves, flow meters, and other equipment to be accessible to operators. With the proper installation of heat tape and other heating equipment along with insulation, systems can operate year round without damage due to freezing temperatures.
Often, extreme cold only occurs for a few short weeks with days here and there of low temperatures. In most cases, electrical power is left on that leads to a breakdown in the heating equipment and electricity costs being incurred, when no additional heat is needed. To save electrical energy and improve a sites overall efficiency, we have developed an algorithm that monitors both air and water temperature. With a properly install heat and insulation system, heaters can be used only when required and shut-off in times when the temperature is not below freezing.
The image above is of a fill stanchion that has Armaflex insulation with an aluminum shell to protect it from UV and physical damage.
Control Panel ConstructionCrawford Technical Services has a full time panel shop at our headquarters in Hershey, PA. We currently build control panels for both our own projects in gas shale plays and also several other machine manufacturers in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Our customers' industries range from pharmaceutical to waste water and many other unique requirements.
Our panel shop offers:
Project Areas/Industries Served:
We are involved in a broad spectrum of industrial process control engineering, manufacturing, and systems integration. Whether we assemble to your specifications or supply the design, our combined industrial experience in industrial automation is built into your control panel.
Crawford Technical Services upholds the tradition of craftsmanship goes into every wiring connection. Aesthetics are more than the visible manifestation of care we build into your panel. Down the road, during maintenance or upgrades, the logic of careful and extremely neat assembly will pay big dividends. Our attention to detail means you will get maximum performance and return on investment.


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Updated 1/3/2014 7:17am
While Elbert County didn't experience any wintry weather last night, that doesn't mean other areas of the state were as lucky.
Currently this morning, the Georgia Department of Transportation is urging motorists heading to the Georgia Mountains or those who live in those areas, to stay off the roadways.
The problem is areas of black ice on those mountain roads.
Currently, GDOT's primary focus is making travel safer on State Route 52 in Dawson County up to State Route 183 past Amicalola Falls, a six mile stretch of road is impassible according to the DOT.
Additionally Georgia DOT crews are working in five other Northeast Georgia counties which include Habersham, Lumpkin, Rabin, Union, and White Counties.
Even in areas like Elbert County where no wintry precipitation occurred, Georgia DOT still encourages safe driving conditions in these temperatures, as black ice can form on surfaces such as bridge decks and on exit ramps for those traveling in the Interstates.


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Dear accompanying driver,
We here at driverzed.com believe that driving is a life skill, and that one can become a better driver with practice and experience. We encourage family members to take out a beginner driver for 15-20 minutes a few times a week. This will help them to gain experience and confidence, which encourages a safe driving future. Many people are often afraid to take out new drivers because of the possibility of a collision. Here are some helpful tips.
• Keep practices short and brief. No more than 30 minutes
• Wear running shoes
• Make sure the driver is well rested.
• Choose a quiet time of the day, i.e. mid-morning and late evening on a weekday, or mornings on the weekend (Sunday morning the roads are empty)
• The ideal residential areas to start off a beginner driver include: old north, old south, and Byron (the residential area behind Tim Horton's). There are a lot of stop signs and perfect to practise turns
• Always teach how to make a left turn first in the residential areas (no fear of curb)
• Start off in an empty parking lot (encourage them not to drive on the lines), and then move on to residential streets
• Encourage the beginner driver with positive feedback
• DON'T YELL. Yelling at the beginner driver will only cause them to panic, get more nervous and could compound to additional mistakes. Use a calm voice and avoid leisurely conversation
• Give them instruction well in advance; talk to them about what they see up ahead in the distance, and what they should do as a result
• When instructing them to turn, DON'T say Next Street; tell them 1st street coming up…… (It's clearer)
• Encourage the driver to look ahead at their intended path of travel and not to look at the curb or line
If you have any questions or need help with the beginner driver's lessons, please speak with the in car instructor or call the office and someone will assist you.
Thank You,


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May 9, 2010
RIVERSIDE, Calif. - The Cal State Northridge softball team (29-21, 13-5 Big West) rallied for 7-5 victory over UC Riverside Sunday afternoon at Amy S. Harrison Field. Kristen Mihm hit a pinch-hit, leadoff solo home run in the top of the seventh to help the Matadors complete the sweep over the Highlanders and keep Northridge in the race for the Big West title.
With three games remaining in the 2010 regular season, CSUN remains one game behind UC Davis in the standings. The Aggies completed a sweep over Cal Poly this weekend to maintain their lead. If the two teams tie at the end of the season, UCD has the tiebreaker over CSUN after winning two of the three games in league-opening series.
Mihm came through in the clutch for Northridge, blasting her second home run of the season and of her career to start things in the seventh. For the season, the junior is batting an even .300 with 13 runs and eight RBIs. Northridge added an insurance run in the frame on a two-out single by Jaci Carlsen.
Carlsen finished the game with 2-for-3 with two RBIs and a run scored. Jennifer Mosier was 2-for-4 with two runs scored and her team-leading 18th stolen base of the season.
The other big hit for Northridge came off the bat of Christina Saenz. The senior hit a two-run home run in the fourth to give her eight RBIs for the weekend.
In the circle, Debbie Duran won her second game of the weekend for Northridge. She tossed the final two innings of the game, scattering three hits and one run. Duran is now 3-5 on the season with all three wins coming against Big West opponents.
Hannah Fraijo started the game for CSUN, going five innings with seven hits and three earned runs. She had three strikeouts and is 17-7 with a 2.82 ERA and 95 K's in 169 innings of work for the season.
UCR got on the board first, connecting on a two-out RBI single in the bottom of the second. In the bottom of the third, Fraijo overcame a leadoff double to keep the Highlanders off the board.
With two outs in the fourth, Tracy Allen broke up the no-hit bid by Alvidrez. That allowed Christina Saenz to come to the plate and she delivered, connecting on a two-run home run to left field. The blast was her fifth of the season and 12th of her career. It also increased her weekend totals to eight RBIs.
UCR responded quickly, connecting on a two-run, two-out home run in the bottom of the fourth to retake the lead. The Highlanders added another two-out run in the bottom of the fifth to take a 4-2 lead.
The sixth inning was a wild one. The first three Matadors all reached safely, drawing CSUN within 4-3 and putting runners on second and third. That brought Allen to the plate, and she laid down a bunt that caused two UCR errors and emptied the bases. However, Allen was stranded there to end the inning with CSUN leading 5-4. The Highlanders then tied things up in the sixth to set up the dramatic seventh.
The Matadors close out the 2010 regular season with a three-game series against Big West rival Cal State Fullerton. The teams will play a doubleheader on Friday, May 14 and a single game on Saturday, May 15. Both days will start at 1 p.m. at Matador Diamond.
Before Saturday's game, the Matadors and the Cal State Northridge Athletic Department will honor CSUN's six seniors on the 2010 team: Alexandria Alvarado, Debbie Duran, Lauren Olivas, Amanda Pitzenberger, Jaclyn Rymer and Christina Saenz.