text:
Rocky Mountain Research Station Publications
RMRS Online Publication - Journal
Articles, External Publications, and Special Reports
Consequences of ignoring geologic variation in evaluating grazing impacts
Long, Jonathan W.; Medina, Alvin L. 2006. Consequences of ignoring geologic variation in evaluating grazing impacts. Rangeland ecology & management. 59(4): 373382.
The geologic diversity of landforms in the Southwest complicates efforts to evaluate impacts of land uses such as livestock grazing. We examined a research study that evaluated relationships between trout biomass and stream habitat in the White Mountains of east-central Arizona. That study interpreted results of stepwise regressions and a nonparametric test of "grazed and ungrazed meadow reaches" as evidence that livestock grazing was the most important factor to consider in the recovery of the Apache trout (Oncorhynchus apache Miller). That study had assumed that geologic variation was insignificant in the study area. However, lithologic and topographic differences between the felsic slopes of Mount Baldy and adjacent mafic plateaus influence many attributes of trout habitat. We tested the robustness of the earlier study by using its dataset and its method of stepwise regression, but with the addition of a variable representing geologic variation. The results suggested that geology was a highly significant predictor of trout biomass (P<0.0001), whereas bank damage by ungulates was not a useful predictor of residual variation in trout biomass after accounting for geology (r-2=0.015, P=0.290). However, the associations between natural variation and land use impacts in this spatial dataset confound attempts to make inferences concerning effects of livestock grazing upon trout. Despite fundamental problems in the analysis, the results of the earlier study were repeatedly cited in scientific literature and debates about grazing management. To fairly decipher relationships between ecological production and livestock grazing in diverse landscapes requires temporal studies with reliable methodologies and proper controls for landscape variation. Ignoring geologic variation has the potential to mislead conservation policies by inappropriately implicating land use, by undervaluing inherently favorable habitats, and by inflating expectations for inherently less favorable habitats.
Keywords: Oncorhynchus apache, Apache trout, fish habitat, riparian areas, livestock grazing, landscape analysis, lithology
About PDFs: For best results, do not open the PDF in your Web browser. Right-click on the PDF link to download the PDF file directly to your computer. Click here for more PDF help.
Download Article
PDF File Size: 345 K
Title: RMRS Other
Publications: Consequences of ignoring geologic variation in evaluating
grazing impacts
Electronic Publish Date: August 30, 2007
Last Update: August 30, 2007
RMRS Publications | Order a publication | Contact Us


text:
10 Actors Who Have Played U.S. Presidents
With Election Day earlier this week and the brand new movie Lincoln (starring Daniel Day Lewis as the titled prez as well as Joseph Gordon Levitt) released in theaters today, this is a big week for the United States and its presidents! In honor of Lincoln coming out today, here are 10 actors who have portrayed U.S. presidents.
michaeladuhhhis face!Nov 11, 2012from the photo: James Brolin as George W. Bush
4codaI made of wax larry...Nov 10, 2012from the photo: Robin Williams as Teddy Roosevelt

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at Jasper Emerald
I have only real, sometimes athletic guys and Bi horny lads who enjoy hardcore anal action. Some guys I find are not professionals but are just horny and do it for the gay experience.
OK Our first meeting was a bit messy but like a real champ i bent him over and we had bareback sex and loads pissing. There is something really charged when you know this boy has never taken like this and always thought he was a top. This scene proves otherwise. piss before and i was eager to try something new and sleazy. His sex with his last model boyfriend really need new dimension to anal sex.
Pixels: 320X240 | Bitrate: 350K
Pixels: 640X480 | Bitrate: 700K
Nice pants!!
hot ass:x
hot i loved


text:
Constance Johnson was interviewed November 9, 2007 as part of the Women of the Oklahoma Legislature Oral History Project. Ms. Johnson was elected to the Oklahoma Senate in 2005 and is currently serving. She holds the Senate District 48 seat and is a member of the Democratic Party. Ms. Johnson shares memories of her youth including activities in high school as well as college accomplishments. She discusses her work prior to being elected to office which included twenty-four years as a staff person for the Oklahoma Senate and making the transition to legislator.
View Interview Transcript
Listen to Audio Excerpts
Copyright © Oklahoma State University All rights reserved | Stillwater, OK 74078 | 405.744.5000
Accessibility | Safety | Legal and Trademarks | Campus Map | Sitemap | Webmaster


text:
Below is the poem entitled Unbuttoned which was written by poet
Ober. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Heather Ober
Tiny glimpse of light
From the corner of my eye.
Shiny shell-pink on ivory silk
Glinting against the grey carpet.
My favourite blouse
Unbuttoned, wrinkled,
In a pile on the floor.
Last night fills the room like smoke.
I climb out of bed on shaky legs,
Stepping over dirty clothes.
The board creaks in protest,
Fighting the unfolding
Like my heaving chest.
With trembling hands, I smooth the silk,
Ironing out the wrinkles,
Careful not to let the buttons snag.


text:
Michael Jackson tribute plans a thriller at Hollywood Casino ToledoWritten by Matt Liasse | | firstname.lastname@example.com
Vamsi Tadepalli remembers jumping on his bed when he was 4 years old, listening to Michael Jackson's "Beat It." Thirty years after the song was released, Tadepalli's tribute band, Who's Bad, will play at Hollywood Casino Toledo.
The free show will be the first time Who's Bad plays in Toledo. Performances are at 8 and 10 p.m. Dec. 7.The band formed eight years ago while Tadepalli was in college. It was then that he fell back in love with Jackson.
"The whole reason behind starting the group is to remind people how awesome [Jackson's] music is," Tadepalli said. "No
w that he's gone, there's that desire for people to want to hear [his music]."
The group's first performance was January 2004. Tadepalli said the show went international after Jackson died in 2009.
"We were doing about 100 shows a year before he passed away," Tadepalli said. "We definitely booked a lot more shows because everyone kind of wanted to fill that void he left behind. They wanted to hear his music, so we were there ready to go."
Tadepalli said Jackson never got to see the show, but he thinks Jackson knew of the act.
"I'm pretty sure the Jackson estate was aware of us," Tadepalli said. "They tend to only contact people if they don't like what they're doing. We've yet to hear anything."
Tadepalli said the closest they've come was when Jackson's former manager Frank Dileo attended the show. He said it was, "great; Michael would have been proud."
Until recently, Tadepalli was the saxophone player. Now, he stays backstage as manager. He said he knew the band would be popular, but wouldn't have guessed it'd last this long.
"It's been pretty amazing to see how far his music reaches," Tadepalli said.
The show is about 60 minutes and showcases 22 songs.
Tadepalli promises dancing numbers during "Beat It," "Thriller" and "Smooth Criminal."
"Everyone in the band comes from different backgrounds," Tadepalli said. "That's a cool aspect because it kind of symbolizes what Michael did. He brought people together in his music."
For more information, visit the website www.hollywoodcasinotoledo.com.


text:
Learn more about the history of Walton County
Growing to meet the needs of the community
One of only two perfectly round lakes in the world
Built in 1920, completely restored, the perfect place to stay!
A PIRATE advises listeners to be on the lookout for the lost treasure of pirate Jose Gaspar. This motley crew of scurvy pirates regaled Ghost Walk goers with song, historical accounts, and tales of life on the ship. (Photo by Dotty Nist)
Comments are closed.
Powered by
WordPress and the EPSILON theme.
Entries (RSS)
and Comments (RSS).


text:
You are not logged in
Keep the track of some of the most interesting areas of process technology with our 'Specials'-section. From topics of interest to country specials or events – our editorial staff has selected a collection of favorite articles, interviews and news. With some of our most interesting facts and reports, these Special offer a broad insides in exiting markets and technologies.
The frequency of rotation of a turbine, anemometer or other rotary mechanism immersed in the passing fluid is linearly related to the flow rate over a range of flow rates, allowing simple measurement of the flow rate. These and other methods of measurement you can find in this special.
A large number of physical measuring methods are used today for continuous level measurement of the most diverse product media in the area of liquids and bulk solids. If you want to know something more what has to do with level measurement, just take a look in our special.
In this special you can find a lot of information regarding pharmaceutical industrie, membrane filters, production technologies and other pharmateutical topics.
In plastics engineering, as in most engineering disciplines, the economics of a product plays an important role. Plastics engineering is a clever alternative, in times when the industry is under pressure to develop sustainable processing methods. In this special you can check out the latest news and products in the field of plastics engineering.
Wireless technologies are a wide-spread transmission medium in the process industry. WirelessHart, radio, Bluetooth and GPRS are used for data transmission. In this special please find a wide range of information regarding wireless environment, wireless communication and many more.
The growth of the chemical industry in India has come on the back of a resurgence in the Indian economy since the turn of the millenium. Hence, it is no coincidence that some of the sectors, which have been the growth drivers of the economy, are major customers of chemicals - bio-technology & pharmaceuticals, food & beverage, oil & gas, to name just a few.
Italy - with a turnover of about € 57 billion - represents the fourth main producer of chemicals in Europe. Almost 3,000 companies are active in the sector employing about 126,000 people.
Thailand's industry contributes about 45 percent of the country's. The largely expoprt driven economy has become a regional center of automobile manufacturing and electronics. Thailand's chemical industry is expected to profit from this trend. For more Information click here.
ACHEMA - World Exhibition Congress on Chemical Engineering, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology.
BIOTECHNICA is Europe's leading annual event for biotechnology and the life sciences and represents the entire industry at one event. A clear focus on four core areas - biotechnology, lab technology, services and technology transfer - ensures that the event is particularly attractive.
Boasting eight flagship trade fairs with exhibitors and trade visitors from all over the world, HANNOVER MESSE will once again confirm its unique global standing in 2013.
PITTCON is the world's largest annual premier conference and exposition on laboratory science. The exhibition attracts more than 17,000 attendees from industry, academia and government from 90 countries worldwide. Click here to find out more.
POWTECH is the international forum for the latest developments in the chemical industry and Europe's top get-together for process technicians, process engineers, production managers and scientists. Click here to find out more.
As a solution provider in the process automation community you get the chance to present yourself in the PROCESS Management Academy. Demonstrate your know how to a broad user group via live webinars.
Enter a search term - stay informed:
Whenever an article matching the search term is published, you will know first!
Search Term:
Most popular Articles
Digital Issue
to the ePaper
to the Issuearchive
28.07.15 - Nobody doubts that digitalization is the key to comprehensive process control. That is why Fieldbus H1 and Profibus PA are at the core of any new system. They not only enable digitalizing process control from the PCS all the way down to each individual device. They also pave the way for the big data approach of a new generation of production control. read...
29.07.15 - Challenges for Bulk Solids Technology – Roughly 50 per cent or more of substances used in the chemical industry are solids which need to be processed, handled and transported. A learning curve is associated with the handling of powder and granulates. Read on for a gist of the characteristics and norms that are required to be looked at to make bulk handling processes efficient. read...
30.07.15 - Gazprom wants to build Russia's largest natural gas processing plant near the town of Svobodny in the Amur Region and has entered into partnership with Nipigaz on design and construction. read...
process-worldwide.com is a brand by Vogel Business Media. Our portfolio can be seen
Terms & Conditions |
Declaration of Consent |
Help |
Customer Center |
Media |
Privacy Notice |
Imprint |
Copyright © 2015 Vogel Business Media
I agree to the processing and usage of my data as described in the declaration of consent and the Terms & Conditions.
Your newsletters can be unscribed here at any time.


text:
Display Ads
Dir. of Advertisers
Who will be America's next president?
Groene at Legislature: Talk about property taxes
More opinion
Zeorian Harvesting, three generations of dedication
Senator wants review of pork packer merger
More Ag News
Click Here for theHOTTEST SHEETS!
From the western hills of New Jersey, the Sleepy Man Banjo Boys appeared on the Today show Feb. 24 on their way to North Platte for the annual Lincoln County Country-Bluegrass Music Festival in late April.
Their YouTube bedroom practice videos have more than 11 million views.
They have appeared on the Today Show, Jimmy Kimmel Live, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, The Late Show with Dave Letterman, the Ellen DeGeneres Show, the Mike Huckabee Show (where they were the only act to appear twice in a row).
The Country Bluegrass Show is April 25-27, with a potluck supper and evening jam session on April 24, all at the Lincoln County Fairgrounds.
Inspired by the 1950s music of Flatt & Scruggs and The Stanley Brothers, the Sleepy Man Banjo Boys are passionate bring excitement and wonder to the stage. They have opened for the biggest names in country and bluegrass music, including Ricky Skaggs, Tony Rice and JD Crowe.
In November, their second album debuted at No. 3 on Billboards Bluegrass Album Chart. They performed at Carnegie Hall during Kate Winslets Golden Hat benefit for autism awareness.
To watch a 2010 video from the Letterman show, see the lower right side of the Bulletin's front page. The video has more than 4 million views.
To watch a video from the Huckabee show in 2011, click HERE.
Flatrock Publishing, Inc.
1300 E 4th St., Suite F
North Platte, NE 69101


text:
This invention relates to a three-dimensional digitizer and a probe means associated with said digitizer that enables a virtual target point to be visualized and depth and range measurements to that target to be determined. In one embodiment, a mechanical articulated arm or other type of 3-D digitizer is used in conjunction with a graphics workstation which displays images from CT, MR, or other scanning means of the anatomy. By registration of the digitizer to the patient's physical anatomy, a representation of the digitizer on the display means of the graphics workstation is possible. The position of the digitizer will be displayed in its quantitative relationship to the patient's anatomy, including internal pathologies such as tumors. The end means of the 3-D digitizer could be a holder or fixation device which can accept a sliding probe. The probe, for example, could be a shaft which slides in a spring-loaded or non-spring-loaded fashion within the fixation means of the digitizer. The degree of extension of the probe from the fixation means can be read out by a scale, which might be engraved on the shaft of the sliding probe. The digitizer, when calibrated to the anatomy, would register a target point and also a direction of the probe as it would approach that point, as seen on the graphics workstation. There may be a pre-determined relationship of the virtual tip of a probe relative to the fixation means as it scans the anatomy with the probe moving in space. The physical probe might be the sliding rod, which will be retractile within the fixation means. Thus, by knowing the degree of retraction, one can gauge the distance from the tip of the sliding probe to the virtual target, as calculated in the 3-D graphic workstation.
1. A distance determining apparatus for use with a freehand three-dimensional digitizer having a probe adapter with a tip end, said digitizer providing positional data corresponding to a predetermined probe adapter direction and a predetermined tip end position with respect to a patient's anatomy and with the positional data being inputted to a computer graphic workstation having a display that displays the predetermined tip end position and the predetermined probe adapter direction, said distance determining apparatus comprising:
(a) a slidable depth probe mechanically coupled to said probe adapter and slidable with respect to said probe adapter along a line parallel to said probe adapter direction, said slidable depth probe having a tip end adapted to contact portions of said patient's anatomy; and
(b) readout means for providing a distance readout corresponding to the distance of said slidable depth probe tip end with respect to said probe adapter tip end whereby in use when said three-dimensional digitizer is near said anatomy, said probe adapter direction and probe adapter tip end can be moved to a desired position relative to said anatomy and a desired target in said anatomy as represented on the computer graphic workstation display and said distance is a gauge of the depth from said slidable depth probe tip end to said target when said slidable depth probe tip contacts a part of said anatomy.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said slidable depth probe is a rod-like probe with a distance scale that is cooperatively connected to said slidable depth probe such that when said slidable depth probe moves with respect to said probe adapter, said distance scale provides a measure of the relative position of said slidable depth probe relative to said probe adapter whereby said depth of said slidable depth probe tip with respect to said target can be read off of said distance scale.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said slidable depth probe is spring loaded with respect to said probe adapter so that when said slideable depth probe contacts said anatomy, said slidable depth probe can retract within said probe adapter freely and with a spring bias so that it will tend to continuously contact said anatomy as said three-dimensional digitizer is passed over said anatomy, thereby providing a continuous indication of the distance.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/521,908 filed on Aug. 31, 1995 abandoned which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/185,716 filed Jan. 24, 1994 abandoned.
The use of stereotactic frames and three-dimensional digitizers in so-called "frameless" stereotaxy is now well known and described in the literature. In the case of frame-based stereotaxy, typically a head ring is placed on the patient, usually his head, and an arc system is further attached to the head ring so as to direct a probe into the body quantitatively to achieve an internal target, such as a tumor. In a case of frameless stereotaxy, several types of three-dimensional digitizers, including mechanically articulated arms, optically coupled probes, electromagnetic coupling devices, ultrasonic and acoustic devices have been devised which give the operator a frameless and freehand means of identifying a target within the physical anatomy by relating the position of a navigator to a graphic representation of that anatomy derived from scanner image data. For example, a CT X-ray scan of the patient's head may be done, and a set of two-dimensional scan slices may be collected and inputted into a computer graphic workstation. The workstation can then assemble these 2-D slices and render the anatomy in a three-dimensional representation, shown on the display means of the computer workstation, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT). By identifying at least three non-colinear points on the physical anatomy, as relates to the 3-D representation in the computer graphic workstation, one can register the entire data set in the computer workstation relative to the actual anatomy. By using a digitizer or navigator which has an encoding means to give position data of a navigator in real space back to the computer graphic workstation, and by touching a known point on a navigator to the three non-colinear points on the physical anatomy in a calibration maneuver, the digitizer may be calibrated relative to the anatomy and its position can be displayed on the computer graphic workstation display means as a virtual indication of the position and orientation of the digitizer. This is a standard technique in the field of so-called frameless stereotaxy.
There are several types of digitizers which can be used for this purpose, and they range from mechanically encoded arms, optically coupled devices, electromagnetically coupled devices, ultrasonically coupled devices, and other technologies. To this date, theses digitizers involved a probe or instrument means which is attached to the digitizer, so that when the probe tip is pointed to physical anatomy, the position of the tip on the three-dimensional graphics of the anatomy in the computer workstation can be represented. Various instrument holders can be applied to the digitizer to hold probes, suction tubes, forceps, and other instruments, and they may have a known calibrated length so as so make the mapping between physical and graphic space.
One of the objects of this invention is to enable the operator to use the digitizer to point at an internal target in the physical anatomy without having to attach a rigid or fixed probe means to the digitizer, so as to give a virtual presentation of where the digitizer would be pointing in the physical anatomy along a given probe line, without actually physically reaching that internal target point. It is notable that if one has a fixed probe of pre-determined or calibrated length in the digitizer, and that probe is pointing along a line projected through a target, it is not immediately obvious by mechanical means what the distance between the probe tip and the desired anatomical target is. The probe tip may be placed, for example, on the external anatomy such as the scalp, pointing in the direction towards an internal target such as a tumor, and it would be desirable to know by an immediate physical observation what the distance from the scalp to the tumor is along the projected line of the probe. This could be calculated or visualized on the computer graphic workstation, but a physical visualization on the digitizer or probe means would be desirable. It is an object of the present invention to provide such mechanical means on the digitizer probe means.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention which includes a virtual sliding probe means on a digitizer with 3-D graphic workstation cooperatively coupled to the digitizer.
FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the present invention. A digitizer, represented by a mechanically encoded arm 1 is connected by electronic means 7 to a computer graphic workstation 10. The digitizing arm has lengths of known values and encoded joints, so that the position of probe adaptor 2 can be tracked relative to a base or holding structure 22 and the movement of probe holder 2 relative to 22 can therefore be tracked in three-dimensional space. The interface electronic 7 is designed to assimilate the electronic encoder data from the digitizer 1 and enable it to be represented in the computer graphic workstation 10. In the probe holder 2 is a probe means 4, such as a solid rod or pointer. Its tip 8 may be touching the external anatomy of a patient 5, and the projection of the axis of the probe 3 may pass through an internal anatomical point 6, which is at a distance (D) away from tip 8. The representation of the patient's anatomy may be displayed by FIG. 55 by assimilating image scan data and representing it as described above in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional display. The target point may be determined in this three-dimensional display and represented as points 56 on the display. If the digitizer 1 has built into its predetermined calculation a standardized length of probe means to be inserted into the tip end 33 of the probe adaptor 2, then the tip of the predetermined-length probe may be represented by point 16 on a graphic rendering of the probe means 57 on the display means. In many cases of application of this type of digitizer, however, it is desirable to plan the position and orientation of the digitizer applicator 2 relative to the patient's anatomy 5 and an internal target 6 prior to actually making an incision in the patient's scalp at point 8. In this situation, the standard probe length would be unacceptable in some situations to orient the adaptor 2, since, if it were in place in the adaptor 2, it would achieve the anatomical target 6. It would have to actually penetrate through the external anatomy and into the interior of the body. Of course, the adaptor means 2, with no probe inserted, could be moved around freehand and in space, and thus the position tracked on a computer graphic workstation, so as to give an appreciation of a direction towards the target and, as displayed on the computer graphic workstation, a sense of the physical distance between point 16 and 18 on the computer rendering, which would be, for example, the depth from the external anatomy to the target point 56 along the projected line 3.
As described in FIG. 1, it is possible to insert a probe means into adaptor 2, so as to indicate mechanically the direction of the digitizer axis 3 and to indicate the point of contact of direction 3 to the external anatomy at point 8, and yet not require that the probe have a fixed calibrated length which would correspond to achieving the internal target 6. Instead, as shown in FIG. 1, the probe 4 can be a movable, sliding means, such as a rod which slides within a channel or opening in adaptor 2. The rod may either be a free-sliding rod or it can be biased by an internal spring 30, which is inside of adaptor 2 and enables a restoring force or spring-loaded bias on probe 4. In this way, as adaptor 2 is advanced or withdrawn in distance from point 8 at the external anatomy, the sliding probe 4 would extend or withdraw inside of guide adaptor 2. The probe 4 might be of a predetermined length, such that when it is at an initial position within adaptor 2, its length corresponds to a predetermined length associated with the digitizer calibration. As the sliding probe 4 withdraws further into adaptor 2, there may be a readout scale means 31 associated or cooperatively coupled to the rod that gives the rod's relative position or differential movement relative to adaptor 2. In this way, the distance (D) from the anatomical target (6), which corresponds to the virtual endpoint of the pre-calibrated probe length, to the external contact point 8 could be read out by the extension distance, or scale reading, of a portion 32 of the sliding means. Thereby, the operator can visually see, on a mechanical adaption to the digitizer, the scale reading 31 which is the distance (D) from the external anatomy to a target within a depth of the patient's body. This same distance (D) might also correspond to the associated visualized projection distance between the virtual probe tip graphic 16 and the graphic representation of the external anatomy point 18.
Thus, by freehand movement of the digitizer 1 with the sliding probe 4 as one moves the digitizer in space relative to the anatomy 5, having the sliding probe 4 contact the external anatomy, the operator, without having to visualize the computer graphic workstation, could simply read out scale 31 and have an immediate sense of the depth of the virtual probe tip (for the standardized probe length) relative to the external contact point 8.
The scale or readout means 31 could be at various locations or in various forms, as associated with the adaptor 2. FIG. 1 shows a simple scale 31 on the tail end of a probe. The scale would be at the patient proximal end 4 of the probe. The scale might read the degree of extension (D) directly or it could indicate the length of extension of the probe proximally or directly the distance from a reference point on adaptor 2 to the physical probe tip at surface contact 8. The distance or scale measurements could be represented electronically by a digital translation readout or it could be a side carrier with millimeter scale and not directly engraved onto the probe shaft itself. The invention is intended to include all such variations of a mechanically or electromechanically derived scale reading on a sliding probe relative to the adaptor means 2 on a digitizer.
The sliding probe means could have a variety of forms, shapes, or adaptations. It might be spring-loaded, as indicated in FIG. 2 or it could be simply a friction or sliding fit through a guide channel or groove in adaptor 2. It may be an instrument such as a suction tube, coagulating tube, or merely a rod means as a measuring device. The scale means could be adapted to any of these applications.
One of the utilities of this type of device is that by freehand or frameless movement of the digitizer wand and its adaptor 2 in space, one gets an immediate appreciation as the probe direction 3 changes of the relative distance of the tip of proximal element 4 of the probe to a virtual target 6 within the anatomy. There might be other holder means in space which probe 4 slides into that could freeze the orientation of probe line 3 as a point to the anatomy 6. Once the appropriate orientation has been positioned as seen by the representation of the probe 57 on the graphics, the guide means (not shown in FIG. 1) can be locked in place, the distance (D) observed from the scale 31, and the digitizer with the probe removed from the holder means to a rest position. Thereby the holder means can be used pass other instruments into the body, and knowledge of the displacement from the external anatomy 8 to the target 6 will have been mechanically determined by said reading on the scale 31.
There are many variations of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 which are intended to be included within this invention. The schematized three-dimensional digitizer 1 is shown as a mechanical arm, but it could involve position and orientation detection means which span a wide range of physical principles. Optical, ultrasonic, electromagnetic, and other coupling means are possible to be substituted for a mechanically coupled arm. The adaptor means 2 could take many shapes and forms, including holes within blocks, v-grooves, channels of various types, and the slider probe 4 could also take a variety of shapes, including simple cylindrical rods, bars, tools in elongated shapes, such as electrocautery or suction devices, endoscopes, etc. The computer graphic workstation represented by 10 is shown schematically as a cathode ray tube structure, but it could have liquid crystal display and be in other forms associated with modern computer technology. The method of use of this invention could also take various forms. The probe holder 2 with slider probe 4 could be, in a freehand and fluid way, moved around in the location of the patient's anatomy of interest while the operator reviews the relationship of the probe in graphic form 57 relative to the anatomy 55 on the computer graphic workstation 10. The virtual probe tip 16 can be moved in a real time and interactive fashion within the anatomy while the slider probe tip 8 is contacting continuously the external surface of the body. When an optimal orientation of the graphic rendering of the probe 57 is seen, the operator could observe the scale reading 31 and have an instantaneous perception of the depth and the orientation of the probe direction 3. This would provide a convenient way of marking the surface point or entry point for an optimal probe direction, represented by point 8. At that point, the entire three-dimensional digitizer could be removed from the field, and a surgical intervention could be conducted based on that entry point. The knowledge of the scale reading 31 could then provide knowledge of the depth (D) from the entry point 8 to the actual target location 6, which is represented by the virtual probe tip 16 corresponding to the target 56 on the graphic display means of the computer graphic graphic workstation 10. All this could be done in real time and interactively. Various display means on the computer graphic workstation could be provided, including orthogonal sectional views through the anatomy, probe's eye view and the plane-of-probe view, various other reconstructive planes, and the forms of the image data could be various. CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET, SPECT: all could be forms of scanning which could be rendered simultaneously or individually on the computer display.
Citations de brevets
Référencé par
Événements juridiques
Image d'origine
Faire pivoter


text:
Fourth week may make Captain Fearless blink
High school football games have a series of tough matchups to read
COASTAL BEND - This is a week that actually scares Captain Fearless.
It is a week that we will likely see the true measure of a number of teams that may not be what we thought they were.
Here's five of my picks for Week 3 or you can CLICK HERE FOR ALL MY PICKS
You would think a 3-0 Rockport-Fulton team coming into Portland to take on 1-2 G-P would be an easy pick. It's not. The Pirates, one of the biggest 3A schools, has two straight wins over 4A teams. G-P, which scored its first points of the season after 9 quarters, has played a tough early schedule. This will not be easy, but I like the Wildcats in a mild upset.
Winner: G-P
This is a game I would pay money to see because I like offense and there should be a lot of it. Ingleside has piled up more than 70 points in the first quarter alone this season. Such a fast start could leave Beeville in the dust as the Trojans rely on a powerful rushing attack to put points on the board. I don't think Ingleside will be able to run away early. But I don't think Beeville will have an answer for the Ingleside offense.
Winner: Ingleside
Both teams have been doormats on occasion over the past few years. But both are getting closer to striking it rich in the win column. Although Miller got there last week, I think Kingsville is ready to punch it in for the first W in 2011.
Winner: Kingsville
Victoria East is not the same team that tore through District 30-4A in its first season. The offense is much more one-dimensional with a very good running game and the defense has a few more cracks up front. While King won't stop Victoria East's offense like Calallen did last week, I think the upstart Mustangs have enough to outscore Victoria East on the road.
Winner: King
Kingsville Academy opened with two wins, while Pettus escaped with a 1-point win against Cotulla last week (Pettus beat Cotulla 54-7 in 2010) to move to 2-1. Both teams have solid quarterbacks, good offensive threats, solid secondaries and very little depth. If there are no late breaking injuries, I'm going with Pettus, because this has been a tough week of practice after Friday's near scare and the Eagles should be ready.
Winner: Pettus
Subscribe to the Caller-Times
Need Help? Call us at 1-800-566-8098.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 7am-11am / Sunday: 7am-11am


text:
Below is the poem entitled Sparkle which was written by poet
Ross jr.. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Ross jr.
Jack Ross Jr.
You see the sparkle in my eye? You are the reason, let me tell you why. You fill my
heart with joy and love.
When I think about you, there it is along with a smile, a warmth in my heart and a
giddy feeling inside. When we are apart you are always on my mind, I would love to
be with you all the time.
When I'm with you, I'm like a child at play frolicking and laughing all through the day.
My nights are filled with dreams of you, how much we share. I really don't know how
to express how much I care. To say that I love you just isn't enough. It goes much
deeper, you color my world with the brightest of shades, give me reason for liviing
each day. I want to thank you, what else can I say.
If you ever doubt what I feel for you, just pause and behold the sparkle in my eye.


text:
Eagle River is growing. That's good news for all, of course. It means additional business options, a healthier economy plus a wider variety of choices for local residents.
Think you're as smart as a fifth grader? OK, answer this: In what book are boogers used as ammunition? If you answered, "Modern Fairies, Dwarves, Goblins and other Nasties" by Lesley M. Blume, pat yourself on the back and award yourself eight points.
A fire on Feb. 12 left an Anchorage fire fighter temporarily injured and an Eagle River family's home uninhabitable. A 911 call went out around 4:08 p.m., according to the Graig Temple, Anchorage Fire Department assistant chief of operations.
Three Wasilla teens have been selected as 2014 Spirit of Youth award recipients in the categories of Media & Technology and Service to Peers. Heather Johnson will receive a Business & Government award for her recently published book, "Hidden Voice: A Story of Discovering Strengths," about helping youth build self-esteem and deal with bullies and negative comments.
Alaska's president Tina Stoddard of Anchorage, a member of Eagle River Auxiliary #9785, was honored during the National Mid-Year Conference of the Ladies Auxiliary to the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, held Feb. 8-13.
A Coast Guard Air Station Kodiak MH-60 Jayhawk helicopter crew medevaced an injured mariner from a vessel 70 miles northwest of Cold Bay on Feb. 12. The helicopter crew safely transported the patient to emergency medical services in Cold Bay for a commercial flight to Anchorage.
An Eagle River Elementary School robotics team competed in the Alaska Vex Robotics Competition on Feb. 8. The Binary Brothers team included Jennifer Spain's 5/6th grade Eagle River Optional Program students Seth Hawkins, Olin Kelliher, Brennen Larson and Aidan Sutherland.
About 15 people gathered at Town Hall Center on Feb. 13 for the Eagle River Community Council meeting. Paul Witt with HDR Inc. and Brian Schumacher of Department of Transportation gave an update on the Glenn Highway Capacity Improvement Project.
The wood floor shines, and light pours in through the windows. Huge goldfish swim around an aquarium and every so often a bird twitters from its cage, and if you stay long enough, you might glimpse one of their cats.
It was a garden of womanly delights. The multi-purpose room at Community Covenant Church had transformed itself into a female centered heaven during the Share the Love business showcase Saturday, Feb. 8.


text:
|Home > Government
(Wam) / 7 May 2012
Those who poke their noses into the UAEs internal affairs (should) mind their own business, His Highness Shaikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi, Supreme Council Member and Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah, said on Saturday.
Shaikh Saud and Shaikh Mohammed bin Saud during a dialogue with citizens in Ras Al Khaimah. — Wam
In a dialogue with a group of citizens about a range of issues recently raised through social media networks, Shaikh Saud added that the country's leaders had made promises to ensure that those with malignant ideas would not be permitted to harm the country. Shaikh Mohammed bin Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi, Crown Prince of Ras Al Khaimah, and Shaikh Tariq bin Kayed Al Qasimi attended the meeting.
"Those who reflect on the history on the UAE will clearly recognise the harsh life lived by our forefathers," Shaikh Saud said.
"Despite that, they defended their land with courage, loyalty and love, and this is what made our state successful."
The people of the UAE, he added, were "people who kept their promises," noting that since the UAE was established it had maintained a loyal and honourable stance on all Gulf and Arab issues, in line with the policy of its founding father, the late Shaikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, and his well-known statement that "Arab oil is not more precious than Arab blood."
"We hear today," Shaikh Saud said, "that there are some who are trying to tamper with the stability of the UAE. I would like to say to them: 'The people of the UAE don't need lessons from anyone. They are confident in themselves and in the solidarity that they share. They don't change . Their character is not artificial and the country's principles are deeply rooted. Throughout history, the people of the UAE have defended their land, and they continue to do so today," he added. "I would like to advise those who poke their noses into the UAE's internal affairs to mind their own business, because our forefathers have bequeathed to us a magnificent structure," Shaikh Saud commented.
"The people who built this country were united as one body. Forty years ago, we all —Rulers and people— made a pledge and founded this federation. It is the people who have protected this union, and they need no lessons in awareness from anyone. How could we not wish to preserve this union? The fact that we host and embrace different nationalities from around the world who have opted, of their own free will, to come to live amongst us in a desire for a life of dignity is a spectacular testimony of the security and safety that, thanks to the grace of Allah, we enjoy."
"The people of the UAE have provided other people with opportunities and offer an illustrious model of peaceful co-existence for those who do not compromise on their faithfulness and loyalty to the country. He who does not like this should leave for another place. Any treachery is a shame for him, and for his country," the Ruler added. "We have an open-door policy; the channels for communications between us are open. Let those who wish to proffer advice come through that wide-open door."
The UAE, Shaikh Saud noted, has made progress of which many other countries can only dream. Now, he said, the government, which will spare no effort to serve the interests of the country, has specified an improvement in the performance of the ministries as one of its top priorities.
"Anyone who seeks to offer advice must respect the country and its soil and must not confuse humility with weakness," he added.
"I address my words to those who wish to try to teach us lessons of which we are in no need. There can be no competition in terms of religion, loyalty and love of the homeland. We will continue to welcome foreigners to live amongst us and to plan for the future of our children." Shaikh Saud went on to note that the principles and guidelines laid down by the President, His Highness Shaikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, "further strengthen our determination to preserve our great love for this country". He also expressed approbation for the remark made recently to students of the Institute of Applied Technology in Ras Al Khaimah by General Shaikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, that: 'You are the most valuable asset on the soil of the UAE'.
"Those who try to belittle the Emirates do not affect the prominent status that our country enjoys," he said.
"We will accept this neither from our brothers nor from any part of our country. Our state has been blessed and its bounty is for its people as well as for others in times of hardship, even if they are far from our Arab society. It is not part of the teachings of Islam to adopt alien, non-indigenous concepts.
"Thanks to God, the position of our state is as clear as the sun in the sky and our sons and daughters have a shining image in all of the spheres in which the state is recognised as an oasis of science, knowledge and well-being.
"He who would compare himself to others should provide facts. Words without action are valueless. The UAE is sheltered by the heritage of Shaikh Zayed and by the achievements of the President, His Highness Shaikh Khalifa, and of the Rulers and Supreme Council Members, and is safeguarded by its people, who are loyal to the nation, the country and its leadership. We don't care about the raising of trivial things and arguments that have already been defeated.
"We are loyal to our United Arab Emirates. We know very well the language of building, which is far removed from that of destruction. It saddens us when our children are misled and become lost. That is a loss for us, too, but we are able to bring them back to the right path.. We are committed to the promises we made (40 years ago). And that commitment will not allow for any malignant person to harm a single inch of our country. We will preserve our UAE, which has created its own history. Anyone may commit a mistake, but it is possible for that mistake to be corrected if there is a will to do so and if there is an insistence that it should be corrected," Shaikh Saud concluded.
For more news from Khaleej Times, follow us on Facebook at facebook.com/khaleejtimes, and on Twitter at @khaleejtimes
|comments powered by Disqus
|Most Popular Stories


text:
Covers the most common questions videographers encounter when shooting and editing with DSLR cameras, from choosing a frame size and frame rate to understanding moiré.
Get on-location tips and post-production techniques to speed up time and create compelling visual effects with time-lapse photography.
Introduces the essential concepts and techniques necessary for shooting video with a DSLR camera.
"I'm a new subscriber. I'm 10 minutes in and I can't thank you enough. I'm learning what would normally cost me nearly $1,000!" —Melissa K.
more from our members »


text:
Preserved: Strawberry Rhubarb Jam
Strawberry rhubarb preserves are by no means innovative, but they're a classic for a reason. More
Strawberry rhubarb preserves are by no means innovative, but they're a classic for a reason. More
Although traditional Indian chutneys typically make use of green, unripe mangoes, this recipe is perfect for that moment when your mango supply is ripening faster than you can manage. More
An overnight soak plumps up dried apricots, and matching them with fresh, juicy pineapple yields a jam that tastes positively like summer: heady and tropical. More
This caramel pairs tangy tamarind with sugar, salt, and cayenne pepper, a twist on flavors found in tamarind candies from Thailand and Central America. More
This caramel, folded with cooked down pears, has a lush, fudgy texture. Ginger and cardamom lend their herbaceous, spicy flavors which, alongside a generous pinch of salt, make for a sophisticated sweet. More
Chia seeds are one of those health foods that are easy to incorporate into your diet. Raspberries, with their own seedy crunch, are a natural match for the delicate pop of the chia, and the whole thing is enlivened by limes. More
This cordial is definitely fruity, a little floral, and with a hint of savory flavor—not unlike yellow tomatoes. Dilute it with seltzer for a sophisticated spritzer or use it as a sweet base for a winter cocktail. More
As far as preserving goes, fruit butters are an ideal place for a beginner to start. They require no fussy or preserving-specific equipment, and there's no guesswork of whether they've reached a set or not. You'll see them made with cherries, peaches, pumpkin, nectarines, and even berries, but the be-all of fruit butters is apple. More
This wintry chutney, spiced with clove and bright with cranberries and tangerine, is versatile for the holidays either as a gift or on a cheese tray. Plus, the natural pectin in the cranberries helps it set even with a short cooking time, so you can spend less time preserving and more time partying. More
When I saw Italian prune plums on sale at the farmers market, I knew I wanted to put them up. The resulting plum sauce is tangy, sweet, and umami-rich. It's a great pantry staple you can use to build flavor in dishes or serve as an accompanying dipping sauce. More
Long ago, orchard-rich New Englanders figured out a way to preserve the autumn lure of apple cider by reducing it into a syrup as dark as maple and just as appealing. More
Juicy, sassy, and classic with peanut butter, this jam is tart enough to be interesting and sweet enough to be kid-friendly. More
Roasting fruit yields lovely, intensely flavored jam. More
In this jam, pureed peaches provide a velvety texture and a sweet yet tart canvas for blueberries to really shine. More
This rosy lemon curd combines the richness of farmer's market eggs and butter with the brightness of citrus and raspberry for a treat that is both current and classic. It also means you're just a pound cake away from an elegant dessert. More
Raspberry and rose are a natural combination, and not just in grandma's yard. Rather than thinking this of this as a straight one-to-one pairing, the result is a jam with a layered profile. One bite is fruit-forward, the next more floral. The tartness of the berries tempers out the rose, which prevents the jam from having a soapy flavor. More
Crystallized ginger melts into this tart raspberry-rhubarb jam, providing unexpected hints of heat and spice. More
Why Millionaire's? Because this jam includes pricy but oh-so-worth it vanilla beans and Grand Marnier. Rhubarb is only in season for a short while, so why not go for broke? More
It's no secret that rhubarb is one of my favorite kinds of jam. I've made it with blueberries, raspberries, oranges, and even rosewater. This new twist on a classic version incorporates sweet, floral honey and spicy cinnamon. More
This nutty, chunky granola makes an ideal topping for ice cream. Sweetened coconut is reminiscent of traditional Passover macaroons. More


text:
SIGN IN to access Harper's Magazine
Need to create a login? Want to change your email address or password? Forgot your password?
1. Sign in to Customer Care using your account number or postal address.
2. Select Email/Password Information.
3. Enter your new information and click on Save My Changes.
Subscribers can find additional help here. Not a subscriber? Subscribe today!
From the New York Post:
Warning of an approaching economic calamity, Gov. Paterson yesterday called an emergency session of the state Legislature – and raised the specter that New York may have to sell off roads, bridges and tunnels to close a massive budget deficit.
More from Ken Silverstein:
From the November 2013 issue
Perspective — October 23, 2013, 8:00 am
How pro-oil Louisiana politicians have shaped American environmental policy
Postcard — October 16, 2013, 8:00 am
A trip to one of the properties at issue in Louisiana's oil-pollution lawsuits
Ratio of money spent by Britons on prostitution to that spent on hairdressing:
Office for National Statistics (London)
A German scientist was testing an anti-stupidity pill.
A Twitter spokesperson conceded that a "Frat House"–themed office party "was in poor taste at best."
Subscribe to the Weekly Review newsletter. Don't worry, we won't sell your email address!
"Shelby is waiting for something. He himself does not know what it is. When it comes he will either go back into the world from which he came, or sink out of sight in the morass of alcoholism or despair that has engulfed other vagrants."


text:
Wisdom Natural, SweetLeaf, Liquid Stevia, Chocolate Raspberry, 2 fl oz (60 ml)
It's ok
Posted by AJE905 on Oct 18, 2011
The flavor isn't strong and I think it is alcohol based. It's decent but not as chocolatey or rasberry-y as I hoped.
Was this review helpful to you?
Report Abuse
Note: iHerb does not imply any medical claims from this review. Disclaimer.


text:
Private Browsing
How to Hide Your Tracks with Private Browsing
A good overview on what private browsing does and what it does not do.
Anonymous Browsing – About.com
While anonymous browsing is generally considered to be used more for external threats, in this article it is used to describe private browsing in more detail with many helpful links.
Private Browsing – A Study (pdf)
This study by Stanford University has good information and tables comparing the features and limitations of the various browsers' private browsing options.
Keyloggers and Spyware
Keylogger Product Features and Comparison
A comparison site for those seeking keylogging software, which shows an inclusive list of features. While the products compared are mainly for the PC platform, the list of what keylogging software can do applies to both platforms.
How to Protect Your Mac from Keyloggers
This article has good general information about protecting from and detecting keyloggers, as well as Mac-specific information.


text:
a Jungle Out There
Judith Green
of Moravian's
senior nursing students studied for a month in Australia last
May. But in many ways, the hospital in
rural Honduras where she and three classmates worked for 21/2 weeks
during winter break was much, much farther away.
18 days, their field training took them from birth to death.
They dispensed
standard medications and scrubbed in for surgery.
They taught children to use a toothbrush and adults to resuscitate
a baby. Their patients ranged from a lobster diver with the bends
(decompression sickness) to a woman dying of AIDS.
Spencer, Sara Walkiewicz, Jennifer Wagner, and Allen Smith III,
are members
of the first class that will graduate from St.
Luke's Hospital Commemorative School of Nursing at Moravian
College in May. And, as the school's first seniors, they
were the pilot group for Nursing 320, "Nursing of Populations
at High Risk for Health Problems," which offers international
placement as part of the course experience.
after studying intensive Spanish, they went to Ahuas, Honduras,
where the
Moravian Board of World Mission has maintained a
mission since 1930 and a hospital since 1940. Accompanying
them were
Marianne Adam, assistant professor of nursing; her husband,
Kurt, assistant
principal of the Berks Career and Technology Center in Oley;
and their children, Taylor, 9, and Jared, who celebrated
his 6th birthday
(Ah-wass) is a tiny town of 2,000 souls on the Rio Patuco in
the northeast section of the country, which is
known as
the Mosquito Coast. It has neither
more nor fewer mosquitoes than anywhere else in this Central American
nation; the name comes from the indigenous Miskito Indians, who
are most of the
patients at the Hospital Evangélico Moravo.
to an online U.S. government fact-book, Honduras is one
of the poorest countries in the world; and the nursing
students found ample confirmation
this everywhere. The complex was dotted with cisterns to collect rainwater,
which is used for showering. Some of the medicines they found in a
storeroom were outdated,
but sometimes in emergencies they were all that were to be had.
one out of three or four autoclaves [which sterilize instruments
used in high-risk diseases such as AIDS] really worked," Lauren
said. "Instead
they use chemicals to clean the instruments." Chemical sterilization
is a practice used less frequently in the United States.
"Nothing is thrown away," Allen said. "We take so much for
granted in the U.S. We throw everything in the trash [after one use]. There they
gloves, needles, hearing aids. They're cleaned and sterilized
and used again."
"It really makes you appreciate what you have here," Jen Wagner said, "when
you watch them recapping needles and reusing them. We didn't
want to be rude and say, 'Don't do that.' " Marianne
Adam, the supervising professor, emphasized that needles used on
HIV-positive patients were never reused.
2 >>
Above, the
Moravian nursing expedition sets out from the Lehigh Valley International
Airport. Jared and Taylor Adam, with their
parents, Kurt and Marianne, are on the left (and in the photo at
left). To the Adam family's right are Allen Smith, Jennifer
Wagner, Lauren Spencer, and Sara Walkiewicz.


text:
- NWS: Thunderstorms expected Sunday night
- McKellen's Mr. Holmes a satisfactory conclusion
- Rockford visitor spending jumps
- The misguided Cecil the lion debate
- State, union extend contract again
- Willow Creek left in the dust by development
- CUB helps residents find best deal
- What the Scott Walker fundraising controversy means for 2016
- Corn prices fade as supplies stay in surplus
- Cubs make history in an unfortunate way
Meet John Doe: Labor unions play a vital role in our local economy today
By Paul Gorski Organized labor has been critical to the Rockford-area economy for decades. Families, local businesses and the local economy have all benefited from living-wage jobs in a variety of areas: education, government, building trades and...
- Posted August 28, 2013
Orientation for volunteer training at Grief Center Sept. 10
Staff Report Northern Illinois Hospice and Grief Center will offer its autumn session of volunteer training beginning with an orientation from 10 a.m. to noon, Tuesday, Sept. 10, at 4215 Newburg Road. This is open to anyone...
- Posted August 28, 2013
Yoga Rockford: Mind your yoga
By Jennie Williford Pranayama Yoga Studio When was the last time you actually paid attention to what your body was doing? Are your body and your mind in the same place right now? Try sitting still and...
- Posted August 28, 2013
Your Horoscope: Week of Aug. 28-Sept. 3, 2013
By Denise Guzzardo Week of Aug. 28-Sept. 3, 2013 This Week: This is a good time to become conscious of your own personal contributions to the well-being of others, and validate those around you. A generous tip,...
- Posted August 28, 2013
Tar sands mark peak oil
By Drs. Robert & Sonia Vogl President and Vice President, Illinois Renewable Energy Association In a passionate Illinois Renewable Energy and Sustainable Lifestyle Fair (Aug. 17-18 at Ogle County Fairgrounds, Oregon, Ill.) presentation, award-winning Canadian journalist Andrew...
- Posted August 28, 2013
Nine try to catch one as another NIC-10 season starts
By Matt Nestor Prep Sports Reporter For seven years now, the preseason talk in the NIC-10 has sounded like a broken record. The big three and the little seven, almost like they are two separate divisions within...
- Posted August 28, 2013
DOJ seeks procedural immunity in war crimes case against Bush administration
By Brandon Reid Senior Assistant Editor Monday, Aug. 20, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) filed court papers requesting members of the George W. Bush administration be granted procedural immunity in a case alleging they planned...
- Posted August 28, 2013
Blood Center receives two-year accreditation
Online Staff Report The Rock River Valley Blood Center (RRVBC) has received a two-year AABB accreditation for donor center activities based on an intensive three-day, on-site assessment. During the three-day assessment, specially trained assessors determined that the...
- Posted August 28, 2013
Guest Column: The dangers of the NSA's data mining
By John Bambenek Computer Security Expert In the last few weeks, a vigorous debate on the legality of the NSA's data mining efforts in the War on Terror has raged, fueled by the revelations of Edward Snowden...
- Posted August 28, 2013
Legendary Rock Interviews: Q & A with Wayland lead singer Mitch Arnold
By John Parks National hard-rock band Wayland has played the Rockford market before, but will be making a special stop this Sept. 7, headlining the annual Durand Biker Bash in the town square in Durand, Ill. The...
- Posted August 28, 2013


text:
Introducing 'Out of The Norm', a full length wake film by Rob Russell out of North Carolina. Featuring: Sam Baker, Matt Deal, Ben Pierce, Michael Sutherland, Gordon Harrison, and Stephen Pierce.
Get hyped on the first trailer!
Coming Fall 2012
Loading more stuff…
Hmm…it looks like things are taking a while to load. Try again?
TM + © 2015 Vimeo, LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with k in NYC.
Your content preferences apply to any Vimeo videos you view. Learn more about content preferences in our FAQ.


text: Four Seasons Motel Hotel rating Quick Specs Commissions 5.0%Rates $55-$65Year Built 1976Year Renovated 2000 View Large Interactive Map Address 5063 Rte 32Catskill, NY 12414 Web http://catskillsfourseasonsmotel.com/ Phone + 1 518-678-5612 Fax Toll-free Email OverviewMeeting Specs Description Year Built: 1976Year Renovated: 2000Check in Time: 12:00 PMCheck out Time: 10:00 AMNumber of Floors: 1Total Number of Rooms: 22Rates: $55-$65Commissions: Room Only 5.0% GDS Hotel Reservation CodesAmadeus GDS: IL HCCFOUGalileo/Apollo GDS: IL 42072Sabre GDS: SM 142961WorldSpan GDS: IL ALBFO Four Seasons Motel Location & Neighborhood21 miles from Kingston. In Catskill Mountains. Highway. Four Seasons Motel Rates & PoliciesFour Seasons Motel rates are Daily in USDStandard: $55-$65 Credit Cards Are AcceptedReservations must be guaranteed with a credit cardMeals: No Meals IncludedDeposit Policy: 1st night's depositCancellation Policy: Cancel 3 days priorHotel Discounts offered: Government/ Military discountAARP discountTravel Agents Nearby AirportsAlbany Intl (36.50 miles north)Stewart Intl (51.25 miles south)Bradley Intl (66.25 miles southeast)More Airports » Four Seasons Motel Room AmentitiesFour Seasons Motel amenities are in All rooms unless noted otherwiseAir ConditioningKitchen/Kitchenette (some)Rooms for Non-smokersRefrigeratorSafe (In Room)Cable/Satellite TelevisionTelevisionInternet Access (Wireless) Guest ServicesLaundry RoomLaundry/Dry Cleaning ServiceMulti-lingual StaffFree Onsite ParkingCommon Area Internet Access (Wireless) Security ServicesSmoke Alarm in Rooms Pet ServicesPets AllowedAdditional Fee for Pets On-Site RecreationGame RoomPool (Outdoor Pool)Nearby RecreationBoating/SailingFishingGolf CourseHealth ClubHealth Spa/MassageHorseback RidingShopping Mall/AreaTennis (Outdoor Tennis) Four Seasons Motel Meeting Rooms & Events4 Meeting Rooms17Location: Floor 3Flooring: wood19Location: Floor 3Flooring: wood16Location: Floor 3Flooring: wood18Location: Floor 3Flooring: wood Nearby Catskill Hotels More Nearby Hotels Howard Johnson InnCatskill Mountain LodgeComfort InnQuality LodgeRed Carpet InnBest Western New Baltimore InnCatskill LodgeComfort Inn & SuitesHampton InnHoliday Inn Express Hotel & SuitesQuality Inn & SuitesRodeway InnSuper 8 MotelWenton MotelInterlaken InnCourtyard Kingston Hoteliers! Is your listing up to date? With over 130,000 hotels in our database, no other source compares to our depth of information. Click here to review and be sure the travel professional knows your hotel's latest details.


text:
|Crowne Plaza Hotels Skokie - Evanston properties are listed below. Search for cheap and discount Crowne Plaza Hotels hotel prices in Skokie - Evanston, IL for your group or personal travels. We list the best Crowne Plaza Hotels Skokie - Evanston hotels/lodging so you can review the Skokie - Evanston Crowne Plaza Hotels hotel list below to find the perfect place.
Our technology will also list discounted Skokie - Evanston, IL lodging that have similar star rating to Crowne Plaza Hotels.
Need a group/meeting discount? Request a group rate for Skokie - Evanston IL
All Crowne Plaza Hotels in or near Skokie - Evanston
Comparable hotels to Crowne Plaza Hotels
Next: Show All Available Comparable Hotels with Pricing >


text:
ArtsCenter director resigns
Citing stress and poor health, Art Menius has announced his retirement effective the end of this month as executive director of The ArtsCenter in Carrboro, a position he first took over in April 2012.
Menius has been on sabbatical from his duties at the non-profit organization since July. On his website, he attributed that decision to "stress, exhaustion, and long term overwork combined with poor physical and mental health." Menius' mother Lucille Clarke Varner "Lucy" Menius died last week at the age of 94. That event, Menius wrote, "brought the realization that while I am not ready to retire altogether; I no longer have to work full time. I no longer have to endure the wear and tear of one 60 hour work week after another."
Menius is no longer involved in the day-to-day operations of the ArtsCenter. He will continue to work on projects that he loves, he stated.
The ArtsCenter board of directors accepted his resignation Friday, according to a release from board chairman Jay Miller. His retirement will begin at the end of his sabbatical this month. The board plans to form a search committee soon for a new full-time director, Miller stated in a letter on behalf of the board.
The ArtsCenter Board did not expect Menius' resignation, Miller said in a phone interview. "Non-profit work is based on service and not money," he said, and burnout is not uncommon. "In any nonprofit work you do, there's never an end to the amount of service you want to provide. People who really want to provide service end up overworking," Miller said.
"His greatest accomplishment was his civic work," Miller said of Menius' tenure. "He joined several committees and was active with the Chamber of Commerce and Rotary Club on behalf of the ArtsCenter. He's really good with long-range strategy."
The last search for a full-time director took a little more than three months, and this search could take that same amount of time, Miller said. "We want to take a very measured approach to it," he said.
Menius graduated with undergraduate and master's degrees from UNC Chapel Hill. He has written extensively about bluegrass and other traditional American music. He was a production assistant and writer for the Nashville Network's series "Fire on the Mountain." In 1985, he helped found the International Bluegrass Music Association and became its first executive director.
His time as director of The ArtsCenter saw some changes in the organization's focus and plans. The organization in early 2011 faced a $250,000 deficit, but ended the 2012 fiscal year with extra cash. In February 2013 The ArtsCenter released a new mission statement, pledging to emphasize arts education over performance, although the organization continues to present theater, comedy and concerts.
Menius helped with the planning for a proposed arts and creativity district in Carrboro. That plan includes a proposed new building for the ArtsCenter, to be built at the corner of East Main and Rosemary streets, a few hundred feet west of its current location at 300-G E. Main St.


text:
Ukraine is drawing ever closer to dismemberment. The government in Kiev has dispatched forces to reclaim control of eastern Ukraine from pro-Russia militants whose ranks undoubtedly include covert members of the Russian military. Those efforts have not yet gotten far because of the lack of resources and willpower among the Ukrainian military. This is, after all, a new government in Kiev that disbanded some of the most effective special forces in the Ukrainian military because they had been used to repress protests against the previous regime of Viktor Yanukovych. What remains of the Ukrainian military scarcely seems able to challenge the pro-Russian forces which are taking over much of the country's east.
What makes current developments especially ominous is that for the first time Vladimir Putin is starting to assert a historic Russian claim not just over Crimea but over the whole of eastern Ukraine. In his televised dog and pony show, enlivened by the participation of fugitive traitor Edward Snowden, Putin "repeatedly referred to eastern Ukraine as 'New Russia' — as the area north of the Black Sea was known after it was conquered by the Russian Empire in the late 1700s. He said only 'God knows' why it became part of Ukraine in 1920."
Putin also said that he had legislative approval to use force in eastern Ukraine–not that any such approval is needed: "I remind you that the Federation Council has given the president the right to use armed forces in Ukraine," he said, referring to the upper house of Parliament. "I really hope that I do not have to exercise this right and that by political and diplomatic means we will be able to solve all of the sharp problems."
Actually Putin has scant interest in solving the current crisis by diplomatic means which is why the accord just negotiated by the U.S., Russia, the EU, and Ukraine, which calls for armed militants to give up the government buildings they have seized, is likely to be a dead letter. Putin sees another chance to restore Russia to imperial glory and he is unlikely to be stopped short of his objective unless he is met by overwhelming force.
Such force, alas, is nowhere in sight. NATO is increasingly being revealed as a paper tiger. It is moving a few naval and air force units to the frontline states around Russia, but nothing that substantially changes the balance of power in the region, which overwhelmingly favors the Russian armed forces.
If NATO wanted to get Moscow's attention it would announce that U.S. Army Brigade Combat Teams had been dispatched to Poland and the Baltic Republics. The U.S. and its European allies would also announce massive sanctions on the Russian economy beginning with the especially vulnerable financial sector, which does substantial business (including money laundering) in the West. But no such announcements are forthcoming, thus giving Putin the green light he needs to create a "new"–and terrifying–Greater Russia.


text:
Stories from across the border by Christopher Marcisz
Posts filtered on Category
First win on the new turf for Williams
The Williams football team got off to a great start at the brand new Farley-Lamb Field, beating Bowdoin 36-0. [Read More]
Sawyer Library, 1975-2014
After a lifespan that ended just shy of earning a proper midlife crisis, Sawyer Library at Williams College closed today for good. Starting Monday, everything in the aggressively unloved old building will be moved across the way to the new Stetson Sawyer Library, which will open later this summer. The old building will be taken […] [Read More]
Concerns about how Williams handles sexual misconduct allegations
Williams College is coming under scrutiny for the way it handles sexual assault allegations, after a former student came forward with her story about how her alleged rapist was let off with a three semester suspension and may return to campus in the fall. The story is another front in the very upsetting topic that […] [Read More]
Williams womens' hockey team makes history
Williams College is a place that is used to winning. It's parked atop the US News college rankings, has won an absurd number of Directors' Cups, its basketball teams are regularly off to the NCAAs. But the rafters at the Lansing Chapman Rink are surprisingly empty. Aside from a ECAC West regular season title in […] [Read More]
Thinning out on Spring Street
Barely a week after the William Newsroom on Spring Street closed its doors after decades, word comes that Ephporium, a small grocery next door, is also done. That's two sudden closings in a short amount of time to a street that seems to be changing a lot. Each of these businesses filled a valuable niche […] [Read More]
When Williams led the way
There is a reason Williams College is consistently ranked one of the best liberal arts college in the nation — and by extension, the world — and isn't just one of those expensive country clubs where rich families park their post-adolescents for a few years before they land on Wall Street (you cynics keep it […] [Read More]
A few questions for Carmen Ortiz on 'Claiming Williams' Day
U.S. Attorney Carmen Ortiz was a sensible choice to be invited to speak at Williams for its annual "Claiming Williams" day, when the college takes a day to discuss how it can create an ethnically inclusive and harmonious community. The high-ranking Latina prosecutor could probably have a lot to say on the subject. But so […] [Read More]
Williams athletic field overhaul to go ahead
Williams College has announced that it is moving ahead with a $22 million renovation of its athletic facilities at Weston Field, in time for the 2014 season. This major building project, like the ongoing effort to build a new library, had been put on hold by the financial crisis of 2008. And just worth noting, […] [Read More]
Show More


text:
Keep head up and eyes down
How many times have you topped the ball and heard your playing partners say, "Hey, keep that head down."
Your friends may be well-meaning, but keeping your head down is perhaps the worst information they can give you.
Instead, they should have told you to "keep your eyes down."
It is almost physically impossible to raise only the head during the swing. If the head does rise on the forward swing, it's probably because the entire trunk of your body rose first.
Better advice is to keep your head up and keep your eyes down. The head should stay up so that the left shoulder (for right-handers) can move under the chin. This will help you make the correct shoulder rotation you need in a good, full swing.
If the head is down with the chin tucked into the chest, virtually no shoulder turn can be made and the shots will show it. You will lose power and direction.
Remember to keep your head up, never down, for better swings.
— Joe Buttitta is a PGA teaching professional at Westlake Golf Course. He can be reached at 208-1467 or by email at email@example.com.
Subscribe to the Ventura County Star
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6182.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 6:30am-10:30am / Sunday: 7am-11am


text:
Hardin Library for the Health Sciences
Return to registration form
All classes offered by Hardin Staff are listed below. If a class is not currently scheduled, please contact us to request a group or one-on-one session. Do you have an idea for a class not listed? Contact us to discuss the possibility. Email: email@example.com.


text:
Four Panthers named All-Pro
Four Carolina Panthers have been selected All-Pro by the Associated Press, matching the franchise record set in 1996.
Three are considered the best in the NFL at their positions this year. Fullback Mike Tolbert, middle linebacker Luke Kuechly and center Ryan Kalil were voted first-team All-Pro.
Carolina defensive end Greg Hardy was a second-team selection.
Tolbert is one of the most versatile running backs in the league. At 5-9 and 250 pounds, he's a powerful lead blocker.
He carries the ball more than most NFL fullbacks, lining up as the tailback at times. The 28-year-old Tolbert, who played at Coastal Carolina, has 101 carries for 361 yards and five touchdowns this season.
Tolbert, Kuechly and Hardy are All-Pros for the first time, while Kalil (6-2, 300) is a two-time selection; he made second-team All-Pro in 2011.
The Panthers drafted Kalil 59th overall in 2007 out of Southern Cal and he turned out to be a steal.
A four-time Pro Bowl selection, the 28-year-old Kalil became the highest-paid center in the NFL when he signed a six-year contract worth $49 million in 2011.
Kuechly has taken the league by storm as well since the Panthers drafted him ninth overall in 2012. Just 22 years old, Kuechly has 320 tackles in his first 32 NFL games — the most of any player in the league during that stretch.
Kuechly led the NFL in tackles as a rookie with 164, and has followed it up with 156 tackles this season.
The NFC South champions have a highly-regarded defense that helped them go 12-4 and earn a bye in the first round of the playoffs. Carolina will play at home in the second round next Sunday.
Hardy, in his fourth year, had seven of his 15 sacks in the final two games of the regular season.
The 28-year-old Hardy (6-4, 290) has the size and athleticism to wreak havoc from any position on the defensive line. He sometimes slides from end to tackle to give the Panthers more speed on passing downs.
A sixth round pick in 2010 who is playing for $1.25 million this season, Hardy is expected to hit a big payday in the offseason.
2013 NFL All-Pro Team
(by The Associated Press)
Quarterback: Peyton Manning, Denver
Running backs:_LeSean McCoy, Philadelphia; Jamaal Charles, Kansas City
Fullback: Mike Tolbert, Carolina
Tight end: Jimmy Graham, New Orleans
Wide receivers: Calvin Johnson, Detroit; Josh Gordon, Cleveland
Tackles: Joe Thomas, Cleveland; Jason Peters, Philadelphia
Guards: Louis Vasquez, Denver; Evan Mathis, Philadelphia
Center: Ryan Kalil, Carolina
Placekicker: Justin Tucker, Baltimore
Kick returner: Cordarrelle Patterson, Minnesota
Ends: J.J. Watt, Houston; Robert Quinn, St. Louis
Tackles: Gerald McCoy, Tampa Bay; Ndamukong Suh, Detroit
Outside linebackers: Robert Mathis, Indianapolis; Lavonte David, Tampa Bay
Inside linebacker: Luke Kuechly, Carolina; NaVorro Bowman, San Francisco
Cornerbacks: Richard Sherman, Seattle; Patrick Peterson, Arizona
Safeties: Earl Thomas, Seattle; Eric Berry, Kansas City
Punter: Johnny Hekker, St. Louis
Quarterback: None*
Running backs: Adrian Peterson, Minnesota; Eddie Lacy, Green Bay
Fullback: Marcel Reece, Oakland
Tight end: Vernon Davis, San Francisco
Wide receivers: A.J. Green, Cincinnati; Demaryius Thomas, Denver, and Antonio Brown, Pittsburgh
Tackles: Tyron Smith, Dallas; Joe Staley, San Francisco
Guards: Jahri Evans, New Orleans; Logan Mankins, New England, and Josh Sitton, Green Bay
Center: Alex Mack, Cleveland
Placekicker: Matt Prater, Denver
Kick returner: Dexter McCluster, Kansas City
Ends: Mario Williams, Buffalo; Greg Hardy, Carolina
Tackles: Dontari Poe, Kansas City; Muhammad Wilkerson, New York Jets, Jurrell Casey, Tennessee, and Justin Smith, San Francisco
Outside linebackers: Tamba Hali, Kansas City; Ahmad Brooks, San Francisco
Inside linebackers: Vontaze Burfict, Cincinnati; Karlos Dansby, Arizona
Cornerbacks: Aqib Talib, New England; Joe Haden, Cleveland, and Alterraun Verner, Tennessee
Safeties: Eric Weddle, San Diego; Kam Chancellor, Seattle, Jairus Byrd, Buffalo, T.J. Ward, Cleveland, Devin McCourty, New England, and Antrel Rolle, New York Giants
Punter: Brandon Fields, Miami
* Peyton Manning was the only unanimous selection to the All-Pro team and therefore a second-team quarterback was not named


text:
Crazy Horse Resources increases resource estimate at Taysan Project, Philippines
Crazy Horse Resources (CVE:CZH) Wednesday announced an updated resource estimate for its 100 percent-held Taysan Copper-Gold Project on Luzon Island in the Philippines.
The updated resource estimate for the Taysan Project comprises 459 million tonnes in the Measured and Indicated categories, at a 0.1 percent copper cut-off grade.
This revised Measured and Indicated resource now allows for a longer mine life – 24 years compared to 15 years previously – based on recently updated pit optimisations.
Based on Measured and Indicated resources, contained copper increases 7 percent to 2,579 million pounds; contained gold increases 15 percent to 1.46 million ounces; contained silver increases 1 percent to 12.34 million ounces and contained magnetite increases by 11 percent to 14.89 million tonnes.
The company said that a ppre-feasibility study will be completed in April 2012.
Crazy Horse chair and CEO Mitch Alland said: "We are excited about the resource estimate, as the near surface, high grade zones of Measured resource, together with the major increase in magnetite recovery prospects announced last month further strengthen the project in terms of increased profitability and reduced operational risk.
"In addition, a revised pit optimisation has increased the mine life from 15 to 24 years, with possibility of a further increase to over 40 years on the basis of the extensive Inferred resource.
"The increase in mine life will be attractive to the local community in terms of continuing future employment and by potential trade buyers or joint venture partners that are looking for a long-term source of copper concentrate.
"Once the pre-feasibility study is issued in April, the company shall embark on an aggressive campaign to pursue a trade sale or joint venture with a view to maximising the return to the shareholders."
The Taysan Project contains a drill defined copper-gold porphyry deposit, and is comprised of two mining exploration permits and three mining exploration permit applications over five contiguous claim blocks covering a combined total area of 11,254 hectares.
The project hosts a large and only partly-explored copper-gold porphyry deposit similar to other copper-gold porphyry deposits previously mined in the Philippines. The Taysan Project is located in southern Luzon, Philippines in a well-developed mining province and readily accessible by road located 20 km east of the provincial capital and deep-water commercial port of Batangas City.
With 302 drill holes for 82,594 meters of core drilling, the Taysan Project has been sufficiently drilled for defining a compliant bankable feasibility study based on the 15 million tonnes per annum mining operation currently planned.
The updated resource was prepared by Mining Associates.
http://www.proactiveinvestors.com/companies/news/25614/crazy-horse-resources-increases-resource-estimate-at-taysan-project-to-459 million-tonnes-25614.html
Category: ResourceAsia


text:
Strike while the iron is hot by Shane Harris
This is what Shane had to say about his upcoming year:
"I went with a simplistic saying and design this year. Too often this past year I delayed, forgot, or got distracted from responding to potential work or fun projects. So this year I'm pledging to not allow myself to miss any opportunity, work or play."
Thanks for the submission, Shane.


text:
The kidneys are paired, bean shaped organs located in the abdominal cavity near the spine. Each kidney receives a substantial blood flow with blood coming directly from the aorta and returning back to the heart via the caudal vena cava. The kidneys serve to filter metabolic wastes from the blood, control water and electrolyte balance, regulate the acidity/alkalinity balance of the blood and stimulate the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow.
As the kidneys perform their functions, urine is produced, passed to the urinary bladder through the ureters and excreted at an appropriate time. (Hopefully!) The method of filtration is beyond the scope of this discussion, but suffice it to say that each kidney will contain about a million basic filtration units called nephrons. This equates to a tremendous reserve capacity; no loss of filtration ability will be observed until over two-thirds of these filtration units have been lost.
Like the liver, the kidneys have a great exposure to toxins and infective organisms due to the heavy circulation they receive. Unlike the liver, kidney tissue does not regenerate and damage to these organs becomes progressively worse. As we currently do not have kidney transplants nor dialysis readily available for dogs, any treatment to prevent or slow damage to these organs will help your dog live as long as possible.
Acute renal failure by definition, is a sudden cessation of the filtering ability of the kidneys and a build-up of waste products in the blood. The causes of acute renal failure can include infections by bacteria or viruses, chemicals including antifreeze, poor blood flow to the kidneys, drugs, traumatic injury and obstructions of the urinary tract. Initial symptoms include little or no urinary output, poor appetite, vomiting, depression and dark tarry stools. In some cases dogs will output large quantities of dilute urine when actually the kidneys are not performing their filtration functions at all.
Diagnosis is based on history, physical examination, urine analysis and blood tests. Blood tests consistent with acute renal failure will indicate elevations in waste products in the blood. Tests to measure the filtering functions of the kidneys, X-rays and renal biopsy may also need to be performed to determine the cause and properly direct treatment.
Treatment for renal failure should first center around identification of the cause and providing a specific treatment, but most dogs need immediate hospitalization and intravenous fluid therapy to restore fluid and electrolyte balance, flush toxins and wastes from the body and correct acid/base abnormalities. Drugs such as mannitol, furosemide or dopamine are used to try to stimulate urinary output. Antibiotics would be administered if bacterial infections are present or antidotes used if certain toxins have been ingested.
Repeated blood tests, urinalysis and continued fluid and electrolyte therapy will be used to determine if the kidney function is returning to normal. The chances for success in this type of therapy will depend upon how badly the kidneys have been damaged and only in time will your veterinarian be able to determine if your dog will survive and recover.
Chronic renal failure generally connotes a gradual, progressive loss of kidney function and a corresponding increase in waste products in the blood along with severe electrolyte disturbances. Along with the same causes as for acute renal failure, congenital/hereditary renal diseases, glomerular diseases, neoplasia of the kidneys and degeneration of unknown origin (including aging type degeneration) can all lead to chronic renal failure.
Clinical signs will vary with the severity and duration of the disease and often include increased thirst and urination, poor appetite, gradual weight loss, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness and pale gums. Diagnosis is based on the history and the presence of the clinical signs, physical examination, urine analysis, blood chemistry and kidney biopsy. On blood tests consistent with chronic renal failure, high levels of many waste products will be noted and red blood cell counts will be decreased. The urine will often be very dilute and appear clear like water.
As with acute renal failure, a search for the cause of the disease is important although in older animals the cause may simply be degeneration secondary to aging. Hospitalization and intravenous fluid therapy to lower serum waste products is essential. Placing dogs on a diet that has lower levels of protein, yet a high quality protein and lower levels of sodium and phosphorus is essential to slow the progression of the disease. Some dogs will need medications like Winstrol to stimulate red blood production, phosphate binders to keep this element out of the blood and drugs to control vomiting. Supplementation with vitamins is also useful in these patients.
Long term success will depend mostly upon the success of the special diet in controlling the elevations in waste products and phosphorus in the blood again. Some dogs will benefit from the periodic administration of fluids to assist in flushing out these waste products before they have a chance to build to toxic levels once more. Periodic blood and urine tests will be employed to evaluate how the dog is responding to therapy.
As an alternative, a form of dialysis called peritoneal dialysis can be employed to clean the blood. In short, this involves placing a permanent catheter in your dog's abdomen and periodically filling the abdominal cavity with fluid and draining it out after the waste products have filtered into the fluid. This technique can be quite effective but requires dedication to perform it on a regular basis; compilations are common.
Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidneys, usually caused by a bacterial infection but sometimes secondary to other types of infections. This infection may occur by ascension from a lower urinary tract infection or from the spread of bacteria to the kidneys in the blood stream from other areas of the body. Pyelonephritis may lead to acute or chronic renal failure.
Clinical signs include fever, depression, vomiting, abdominal pain, increased thirst and increased urination. Low-grade cases can become chronic and symptoms may be ongoing. Diagnosis is based on the history and clinical signs, urinalysis that will often show signs of a heavy infection, blood tests where white blood counts may be quite elevated, X-rays and cultures of the urine. Biopsy of the kidneys may be needed for a final diagnosis.
Cultures are very important to determine which antibiotic will be most effective. Long term (4+ weeks) use of penicillin, cephalexin, sulfa drugs, or other antibiotics will be required. If dehydration or electrolyte disturbances are present, a few days in the animal hospital with fluid and electrolyte therapy will help restore your dog to normal.
The glomerulus is a tuft or bundle of capillaries and nerves at the beginning of each nephron (individual filtration unit). In short, this is where filtration and regulation begins in the kidneys. Diseases of the glomerulus include glomerulonephritis and amyloidosis, both immune-mediated diseases that can lead to damage and cause dysfunction of the glomerulus.
Glomerulonephritis occurs when the body produces antibodies that attack the glomerulus or when complexes (large clumps) of antibodies get deposited (lodged) in and damage the glomerulus. This alters the functional ability of the nephron leading to loss of protein in the urine, a decrease in protein in the blood, an increase in blood cholesterol and fluid collecting in areas of the body (edema). Progressive kidney damage usually occurs leading to renal failure.
Clinical signs include loss of weight, swelling of the limbs, fluid collection in the abdomen, legs and possibly the lungs. If renal failure occurs clinical signs specific to that problem will also occur and most dogs will die. Diagnosis is based on these signs, blood and urine tests and a biopsy of the kidney.
Amyloid is a protein-sugar mixture that has a long, fibrous appearance, often produced secondary to other bodily infections. This amyloid is deposited in the glomerulus just as the immune complexes are in glomerulonephritis. This alters the functional ability of the nephron leading to loss of protein in the urine, a decrease of protein in the blood, an increase in blood cholesterol and fluid collecting in areas of the body (edema). Progressive kidney damage usually occurs leading to renal failure.
Clinical signs include loss of weight, swelling of the limbs, fluid collection in the abdomen, legs and possibly the lungs. If renal failure occurs, those clinical signs also occur and most dogs will die. Diagnosis is based on these signs, blood and urine tests and a biopsy of the kidney.
There is no known cure for these conditions. Certain strong immunosuppressive drugs and cortisone are used but the success rate is not high. Management of renal failure, control of the protein in the diet, the use of diuretics to help remove fluid from the extremities and abdomen and identification and control of any other diseases present will be supportive for these dogs.
Stones in the kidneys are called renoliths. The stones are usually composed of various minerals and an organic base. Infections, metabolic changes, trauma and unknown factors may all contribute to the origination of the stones. Certain dogs seem more prone to developing stones so there may be a hereditary relationship to the disease. If the stones become large enough, blockage of the urinary tract can occur leading to renal failure. ((Stones))
Symptoms include blood in the urine, abdominal pain, vomiting, discomfort, and if obstruction occurs, the clinical signs of renal failure will be present as well. Diagnosis is based on history, physical examination, blood and urine testing, X-rays and ultrasound.
Treatment for kidney stones may not be needed if there are no clinical signs present. Sometimes a special diet or medications can be used to dissolve the stones. Antibiotics are used if infection is present with surgical removal used in cases where medical therapy is ineffective or an obstruction occurs.
Hydronephrosis occurs when the flow of urine from the kidneys is blocked, often due to renoliths, uroliths, tumors, parasites and complications of surgery in the area. These conditions produce a mechanical obstruction to urine outflow from the kidneys. Urine will then backup in the kidney(s) and the kidney will fill with fluid, dilate and functional tissue will become compressed. Fortunately, the condition is quite rare.
Clinical signs may be absent if only one kidney is involved, as the other kidney will carry the filtration load. Otherwise, frequent urination or increased amounts of urine being passed, blood in the urine, straining to urinate and signs of chronic renal failure are seen. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, physical examination, blood counts, serum chemistries, urinalysis, X-rays including dye studies, ultrasound and kidney biopsy.
If at all possible, surgical removal of the cause of the obstruction will result in a complete cure in early cases. Removal of stones or kidney worms can be performed. In extreme cases the kidneys may need to be surgically removed. IV fluids, electrolytes and related supportive care is needed in cases of chronic renal failure.