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What Planet Am I On?
"Can I come with you, Daddy? Can I? I could help out at the book table."
Hannah, then thirteen years old, looked at me with those adorable, pleading eyes. How could I say no? But inwardly I smiled to myself, fully aware of what I was speaking about at the conference Hannah was asking to attend with me—information that Hannah lacked.
"Sure, honey, I'd love to have you come along," I said.
Instantly Hannah got suspicious. "What are you talking about tonight?"
"Adolescence," I said.
"Oh no," Hannah said. "Please, Daddy, please, please, please don't mention me. Don't say anything about me."
Suddenly my daughter started laughing. She hit herself on the forehead with the palm of her hand and said, "Oh no! I just gave you material for tonight, didn't I?"
Indeed she had!
At thirteen, Hannah was just breaking into that rollicking, fun, treacherous, frustrating, meaningful, and wonderful time we call adolescence. It's a contradictory period, when young teens want to be the center of the world at the same time that they don't want any attention drawn to them! They want to be perfect in all they do and in how they look, yet they also desperately desire to be just like everyone else in their peer group.
The only thing more difficult than being an adolescent is trying to parent one. I know. My wife, Sande, and I have walked three children through this process, are taking our fourth—Hannah—through it even as I write, and are getting ready for child number five—Lauren—to join what I affectionately refer to as "the hormone group."
When our kids hit that magical moment of adolescence, most of the parenting rules that helped us for the first decade of their lives become outdated. Everything changes, even as our kids change. We need to adapt, adjust, and grow in the way we relate to our kids if we want to maintain a meaningful, healthy, and strong relationship during this admittedly turbulent time.
Perhaps it would surprise you to know Sande would agree with me that our favorite stage in parenting our kids has been their time in adolescence. Though this season can be difficult, it can also be very rewarding.
I'd like to invite you on a journey of exploring what is going on inside your children's minds, bodies, and souls during the ten to twelve years that mark adolescence. Although I'm a trained psychologist and counselor, I think my best training has come at home—as I'll explain in just a moment!
The Family Counselor
I came home in a great mood but soon walked into a tornado. The group I had just spoken to was unusually responsive. They laughed in all the right places, whipped out the hankies just when I hoped they would, nodded their heads when I dropped in the insights—to be honest, it couldn't have gone better. I had an opportunity to talk with several couples afterward and really felt that I had made a difference in their lives. As a psychologist and speaker, I couldn't ask for more. That's why I came home feeling so great.
Now let me explain the tornado.
I live in Tucson, Arizona, the only place in the world where water costs more than gasoline. On my way back from the airport, I reached the outskirts of our development, where I was greeted by a little stream of water running down the street.
What idiot has this much money to burn? I thought to myself.
So imagine my, uh, pleasure when I followed that stream all the way to its source—the Leman outside faucet.
Obviously the kids had been playing with the hose. When they had finished, instead of turning off the faucet, they dropped the hose and thereby proceeded to water half the desert.
What sweet, sweet kids I have, and what tender, paternal thoughts I carried through the front door.
Actually my first words upon entering our hallway resembled a waterfall's roar: "Who left the water running in front of the house?"
There was a sudden dead silence, finally broken by my precious wife's voice: "Oh, he's home. The family counselor."
Man, was I slammed! And rightfully so. I put down my bags and did what I should have done in the first place: I went back outside, turned off the hose, came back inside, and hugged my family.
I share this story to illustrate that all families have their moments of tension, and anyone can have his times of imperfection and shortcoming, no matter how many letters appear after his name. I have learned as much from being wrong as I have learned from being right. I don't speak as a perfect authority but as one who has been on the journey of parenting adolescents for quite a while. I've learned I am just as capable as the next guy of saying exactly the wrong thing and hurting tender, budding teenage feelings by suggesting that a certain boy is special when my daughter would rather not talk about that just then.
Throughout this book, I want to be a kind friend who shares some of his stories about surviving the adolescence of his own children. Whatever you've lived through, I've probably experienced it myself. Because of my experience, however, I won't put you off with easy answers or a know-it-all attitude. One thing I can say, however, is that adolescence isn't terminal (it just feels like it). I've seen three kids come out on the other side, and if you go through this stage in the right way, believe me, there are tremendous rewards awaiting you as you relate to your adult children.
My goals are realistic. I jokingly told one group that the primary goal of getting our children through the teenage years is actually quite simple: to get them into their twenties without having them kill someone or being killed themselves! If they can avoid jail in the process, so much the better.
But seriously, the reason for this new book is simple: The kids we're raising now are from a different generation; old rules no longer apply. Let's look at "Planet Adolescence" in the new millennium.
Planet Adolescence 2001
When exactly do children enter that stage we call adolescence? I've got a good test for you. You know your sons or daughters are embarking on this period when you see them sink down into the car seat as you drive past some kids on the corner. As soon as you see this near universal moment, you know your children are entering that period in life when they desire to be free from parental restraint. It could begin when your children are as young as ten, and almost always strikes by the time they are twelve or thirteen. And when it happens, you know that for the next decade, you're going to be orbiting around Planet Adolescence.
While adolescence is something we've all experienced ourselves, we make a big mistake if we assume our children's experience will be just like our own. I'm probably not the only person who feels as if my kids turned thirteen on a planet different from the one I was born on.
During a four-year period, CBS conducted scientific polls of more than 2,300 students (from various high schools) scheduled to graduate in the year 2000; CBS also followed and interviewed 200 students more closely. The results were interesting—and sobering.
In 1997 a surprisingly large 43 percent knew of someone who had tried to commit suicide, a number that got even worse by graduation, with 70 percent of them knowing people who had tried to kill themselves.
As freshmen, less than 25 percent knew someone who was openly gay. As seniors, 66 percent did.
There were also some encouraging signs, including the fact that 46 percent of the students felt that their relationship with their parents had improved to excellent (up from 34 percent).1 Unfortunately that still means more than half were not satisfied at home.
Another study found that illicit drug use doubles during the adolescent years. While 28.3 percent of surveyed teens admitted to using illegal drugs as eighth graders, over half—54.7 percent—of the students in the twelfth grade made the same admission.2 Yet another study found that 39 percent of students surveyed had used tobacco at least once by the end of seventh grade.3
In spite of these troubling statistics, today's teens are almost comically optimistic about their financial future. According to an Ernst and Young survey, 30 percent of college students polled expect to be millionaires in their forties. More than one in five expect to retire in their forties or earlier! More than 60 percent plan on retiring at a younger age than their parents did. If you can believe it, only 25 percent believe they will never be millionaires.4
Not only are today's kids a little more adventurous and a lot more optimistic than we were, but the things that would have made us blush as adolescents are second nature to them. While I served as assistant dean of students at the University of Arizona in the seventies, I saw my share of provocative girlie posters—but now women have posters of men striking roughly the same poses, something you never saw back then. I read with interest an Ann Landers column in which a mom complained that her fourteen-year-old son's girlfriend gave him a collage of pictures of naked women—including cutout photos of side, front, and rear views. Call me old, but fourteen-year-old girls didn't do that sort of thing when I was in junior high!
This can create almost humorous misunderstandings between the generations. I got a chuckle when professional tennis player Anna Kournikova—who at the time of this writing had yet to win a professional tournament but whose knockout looks have given her great fame—complained during a press conference organized to promote some undergarments that she endorses, "I'm not here to talk about my personal life. I'm here to talk about bras."
In the world many of us grew up in, husbands and wives couldn't be seen in the same bed on television, so producers created the marital double-bed set. Most of today's kids have already seen everything that goes on in bed—and the scenes on TV many times are not even between husbands and wives.
Planet Adolescence 2001 is in a different galaxy from the one we grew up in. Parenting rules that worked for your toddlers and preadolescents won't serve you well in this new age. For instance, when your kids were toddlers, you were able to control their environment so that many of the negative influences we just mentioned could be minimized. You could control what they watched on television and the friends with whom they played.
With adolescents, unfortunately, those days are gone. As we will see later, the days of controlling are over. You can still influence your children, but you can't control them.
You're also going to have to accept that your children may develop a different agenda for their lives than the one you've laid out for them. Adolescence is all about trying on independence—and that means your children will develop their own concerns.
Different Concerns
Along about age twelve—but perhaps as early as age ten—your children will start to grow away from you. They'll become more dependent on their peers, and in reaching toward adulthood, they may even act as if they regret ever having any association with such "uncool" parents.
This is a normal developmental stage that the wise parent will have fun with rather than resent. One time one of my daughters wanted to thank me for something, so she said, "I'll do anything you want!"
"Great!" I said. "Let's go walk around the mall together while I wear Bermuda shorts, black socks, and white tennis shoes!"
I soon found out that no teenage daughter's love extends that far! And to be honest, I didn't expect it to.
Also, about this age your teenagers' concerns will be different from your own. One recent study found that while parents and teens share the same top concern, other concerns diverge widely.5 The following table illustrates the differing concerns. Each number represents how each group ranked their concerns. For example, both teens and parents ranked HIV and STDs as their number one concern. Teens then ranked drinking and driving as their number two concern, but parents listed it as their number nine concern, with car accidents as their number two concern.
Top Concerns Teens Parents
HIV and STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) 1 1
Drinking and driving 2 9
Pregnancy 3 4
Guns, knives, and other weapons 4 3
Suicide 5 17
Car accidents 7 2
Casual sex 12 5
Two things strike me about this poll. First, most parents are unaware of how much a topic suicide is among today's teens. That's a dangerous omission, which we'll thoroughly deal with later in this book. Second, notice that casual sex isn't even among the top ten concerns of today's youth. They don't see it as a problem—they view it as an opportunity! Once again, we're going to have to do some work here to help parents and teens come together.
The Girls Scouts of America commissioned a poll of girls ages eight to twelve—preadolescents—to determine their top concerns. Unfortunately the study revealed that most young girls today are preoccupied with body image and relationships. One respondent, a fifth grader, told researchers, "I've been counting calories. I'm doing 1,000 to 2,000 calories a day."
Just as sobering, the study found that while preteens want to talk to their parents about these issues, they often refrain from doing so because they believe "our parents do not want to hear about these issues." One fifth grader said, "All [my parents] say is I'm too young and I shouldn't even think about stuff like that until I am sixteen."6
This is what I'm talking about when I say you'll make a terrible mistake if you assume that the concerns you had as an adolescent will mirror the concerns weighing on your children's minds today. We're living in a different age and a different world. If you already have a great relationship with your preadolescent—fantastic! But you still will want to pay close attention to the advice in this book. I've seen so many relationships go sour within twelve months or less of a child's hitting puberty.
If your relationship has already been rocky, take heart! As a father I've steered several children through this tumultuous stage, and as a counselor I've worked with hundreds, perhaps thousands, of adolescent children. While I can't guarantee you smooth sailing, I can guarantee that adolescence isn't terminal—eventually those self-centered, insecure, independent-minded teens grow up into productive, caring, and balanced adults.
If in the midst of the struggle to raise your kid right, you wonder whether it's worth the effort, let me assure you that it is. Your son or daughter may grow up to affect millions of other lives—and the way you raise them could have a major impact on whether that influence is for good or for ill.
Let's look at the wildly divergent tales of two adults who have just recently passed through adolescence and are having an impact on their world.
A Tale of Two Teens
Marshall Mathers's father left home when Marshall was just six months old. Once Marshall became a teenager, he tried to contact his father, but his dad never replied. That left Marshall to make do with a mom who was filled with a lot of anger. A friend of Marshall's recalls how Marshall's mom came home from shopping one time, and after the boys helped unload the groceries, she told Marshall to get out, using plenty of expletives in the process.
According to the friend, "He'd get kicked out every week. There has not been a day in that house when there's not some kind of chaos."
You wouldn't expect much out of Marshall, would you? One magazine described him as a "scrawny white mullet-head from a broken home in a dead-end suburb of Detroit." Unfortunately Marshall Mathers, a.k.a. "Eminem" (as in "M and M"—Marshall Mathers), has become one of the most influential and successful rap singers of our day, described by one reporter as "the foul-mouthed prince of hate and fury."7
Eminem boldly and proudly proclaims that God sent him to make people angry. His manager, Paul Rosenberg, says that the rap star is getting angrier by the day: "He never lets water run off his back."8
The rapper deals with his anger toward his father in a public fashion. One of his rhymes goes like this: "When you see my dad, tell him I slit his throat in this dream I had."
I can't repeat the lyrics Marshall uses regarding his mom. They are too offensive even to report, some of the most vile things a son could say about his mother.
Marshall's wife, Kim, has had to endure this wealthy young star's anger as well. Eminem has a tattoo on his stomach with his wife's name, but it's hardly flattering: KIM: ROT IN PIECES. In several of his songs, Marshall talks about beating up and even killing his wife. After a performance in Detroit, in which Eminem was particularly vile, Kim left the hall, went home, and slit her wrists. Fortunately she was discovered and rescued by her mother and Marshall's half brother.9
Not surprisingly, Marshall's life is a mess. His mother has sued him, and at the time of this writing, Marshall and Kim are headed for a divorce.
Shockingly, Eminem is an award-winning performer who garnered three MTV awards in 2000. His Marshall Mathers LP is one of the best-selling hip-hop albums of all time, remaining on the Billboard Top Ten list for months. His hate-filled lyrics have found a raucous welcome from young adolescents all over this country. Eminem is leading our kids into a verbal filth unknown to previous generations.
What happened here? Without a dad and with a mom who faced her own share of problems, Marshall grew up largely on his own, and the results speak for themselves. Adolescents don't "naturally" grow up into productive, law-abiding, respectful people.
Does that mean that every adolescent from a single-parent home is headed for trouble? By no means. Let's look at adolescent number two.
As a twentysomething superstar baseball player, shortstop Alex Rodriguez has a lot of things going for him—more money than he can spend, plenty of fame, people clamoring after his autograph, crowds yelling out his name, and little boys putting his poster on their bedroom walls.
But the world's adulation can never completely fill a cup left empty by a parent. That's why I was caught short when I heard Alex talking about one of the most significant events in his life. You see, until recently Alex hadn't seen his dad since the fourth grade. Though Alex's career was going well (he was chosen as the all-star shortstop during the 2000 season), he still felt a sense of loss because he was alienated from his dad.
I'll let Alex explain it in his own words, which he posted on his Web site.
My father left our family when I was in the fourth grade. I always thought he would come back, but he never did. It broke my young heart. I spoke with him over the phone a handful of times until my teen years. Then I closed my heart to him.
My family has pleaded with me over the years to reconcile. I constantly refused. Dad had tried in his own way to reach out to me as an adult. He approached me before a winter game just after I turned pro. I shook hands with him but couldn't say anything. I made it clear I didn't want to talk with him. It just hurt too much. The pain was too deep.
As I've grown as a professional baseball player, I've dealt with the pressures of expectations, the pressures of perform- ing in front of thousands, the pressures of a game on the line. But when it came to my dad, I couldn't deal with the pressure of seeing him face-to-face. . . .
Just before the turn of the millennium, a friend suggested I seek out my father to start the new century with an open heart. I brushed it off. Then the father of one of my former coaches passed away. He had given me some words of encouragement to reach out to my father. So when he passed away, it hit home. Recently I've felt stronger. I've made some strides personally. So I figured, what the heck, I'll go for it.
So, I called my dad and invited him to our series in Minnesota. He showed up! And we spent a few days together. It was the first time he'd seen me play in the Major Leagues in person. It was great. . . . Father's Day was perfect. My on-field gift to him was going four-for-five with a home run.
We met for the first time in a very private fashion. I was nervous. And I could tell he was nervous. We shook hands and then hugged. And then we talked about a lot of things.10
As a wealthy, successful baseball player, Alex has the world at his feet. He is adored, cheered, and catered to, but none of that could completely still the sense of loss represented by an absent father. Many boys dream about making it to the big leagues, but "Arod" is one big leaguer who spent his time dreaming about making it back to being with his dad.
Here's my point: During adolescence your children may act as if you are the least significant person on the face of the planet. They may treat you as if you are nothing more than a nuisance, a bother, and a big pain—but in their hearts, they are crying out for your attention, your love, your concern, and even your guidance. The trick is learning to provide that attention, love, concern, and guidance in a way that your kids can receive them.
Marshall Mathers and Alex Rodriguez are good reminders that today's kids become tomorrow's headlines. Some will work for good causes, raise families of their own, and be productive members of our society. Others will attack, assault, and create havoc wherever they go.
A number of self-help books have stressed how important it is, in the words of Steven Covey, to "begin with the end in mind." That is, we should start a project with a view toward the intended outcome. I think that's pretty good advice for raising kids. What kind of kids do you want to have? Do you want to raise selfish kids who whine and moan and get by in life doing as little as they can? Or do you want to raise kids who contribute to society, live out their faith, and leave behind a proud legacy?
If you think ahead of time about who you want your kids to be when they reach adulthood, you stand a much better chance of making it through the murky atmosphere of Planet Adolescence.
Our Road Map
Here's where we're headed on this journey through today's adolescence. We'll begin our exploration running. I know that some of you are desperate, so I'm putting the most basic and concise information right up front. Chapter 2 gives you twenty rules for surviving your children's adolescence.
In chapters 3 and 4 we'll explore the power of peer pressure, talking first about how peer pressure percolates (hint: the process starts when your children are still babies!) and then about how to steer your adolescent through it. In chapter 5 I challenge you to provide the most stable home life possible, giving your children what some now refer to as "the fairy-tale lifestyle." Chapter 6 looks at how to pass on the values we believe in, and chapter 7 will help you navigate those everyday hassles of living with adolescents.
In chapter 8 I'll talk about how raising adolescents is a risky business. This chapter might make some of you a little anxious—but you need to hear what I have to say. In chapter 9 I take on the topic of toxic parents, exploring parenting styles that are guaranteed to blow up in your face once your children reach their teens. After reading this chapter, you'll be aptly warned.
From there chapter 10 provides some of my most unorthodox advice, followed by chapter 11, which deals with love and dating. Since many parents tell me they need help dealing with their adolescents' sexual issues, I have included two chapters about sex and the adolescent. Chapter 12 helps you talk to your teens about sex, especially about sexual abstinence, and chapter 13 discusses some of the more delicate aspects of teen sexual expression. The final chapter looks at the troublesome issues that all parents want their teens to avoid: suicide, substance abuse, eating disorders, hate groups, and the like.
We've got a lot of ground to cover, so let's get started.
• Adolescence is a much different experience for our kids from what it was for us.
• "Good" kids and "bad" kids both share the same deep desire: They want a real, deep, and meaningful relationship with their parents.
• The best way to steer our kids through the stage of adolescence is to know ahead of time what type of children we want to raise.


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OKLAHOMA CITY — Thursday is Oct. 11. That means it's 10-11-12, a very special date that comes once in a life time.
It has couples lining up to tie the knot.
"I do." Two words heard around Oklahoma City as people made their love official on a special date.
"I'm just in love and I'm so happy to be with him," Tiffany Donovan said. "I wouldn't have it any other way."
With the rings now placed on their fingers, Tiffany and Matt Donovan were married in front of the downtown library after knowing one another for two years.
"I'm awe-struck by the feelings and I'm awe-struck by her," Matt Donovan said.
It's a date they are sure to remember.
"We just wanted something very memorable, something he wouldn't forget," Tiffany Donovan said.
Meanwhile, Sutton and Robert Brazel knew one another 16 years before saying their vows.
They shared the Donovan's reason for getting married on 10-11-12 and chose our News Channel 4 studio as a venue to tie the knot.
They went to Wedding Officiant Joy Huber for help.
In 2007, Justices of the Peace stopped performing weddings at the courthouse in Oklahoma County.
Since then, wedding officiants have seen a spike in couples coming to them to get married.
On special dates like this, Huber is extra busy.
"On the average Thursday I may have one ceremony, whereas today, I have four," Huber said. "So it does increase and I may get more."
Signing a marriage license with a new last name, and as husband and wife, couples said it was as simple as one, two, three, or 10-11-12.
"I've been wanting to marry him such a long time and this day has finally come," Tiffany Donovan said. "Finally, I'm married to the man I love the most."
If you're feeling the love, officiants can be found at marrymeok.com.
NewsChannel 4's Courtney Francisco talked with the bride before the ceremony.
The date only comes once, ever: Oct. 11, 2012.
A few months ago Sutton Young and Robert Brazel chose 10.11.12 as their wedding date.
The couple got engaged about a year ago, after dating for a year.
Brazel is from Indiana and Young is from Texas.
They met in Texas and moved to Oklahoma a few months ago to begin their life together.
They have four children between them, and have actually known each other for 16 years.
Brazel chose the date because he knew it would be easy to remember.
Brazel and Young are just one of dozens of Oklahoma couples who will tie the knot on this memorable date.
However, they are the ONLY couple decided to make their special day even more memorable by having the ceremony performed on live TV.
Wedding officiant, Joy Hubert, who has four 10.11.12 weddings scheduled for Thursday, married Brazel and Young.

subset: commoncrawl


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Yesterday I made a vow. To myself, to all of you, to not talk about Charlie Sheen. I made some pretty great puns. About having Sheen enough. So, I would like to apologize for posting this video, mostly to myself. Dear Sarah, I apologize. However, I'm breaking this vow of shileence* because Jimmy Fallon, doing a spot on impression, effectively sums up all you ever need to know about Sheen. It's like the Cliff's Notes of Sheen. So, watch this and learn everything you need to know, and like you did with Moby Dick in high school, fake your way through discussions, knowing the basic plot points.
Much like Tina Fey's first impression of Sarah Palin, there is absolutely no need for him to do anything rather than use 96% actual quotes from Sheen. Now forget about Sheen and go read Moby Dick. I'm reinstating my vow.
* Sheen+silence=shileence. Least effective pun so far.


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Profanity or spiteful remarks. Obscene or distasteful content. E-mail addresses, phone numbers, and URLs. Information about other companies and websites. Telling customers to shop elsewhere.
Guidelines for Uploading Photos
The photos should show the product and how you use it. All photos must be your own. If any photos with nudity or obscene content


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Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 often referred to as MW3 is a first-person shooter set in the modern day. It is the third installment in the Modern Warfare series, a direct sequel to 2009's Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, and the eighth Call of Duty installment. It was developed by Infinity Ward and Sledgehammer Games with Raven Software having assisted in development.
General Information
- Release date: November 8, 2011
- Developer: Infinity Ward, Sledgehammer Games
- Publisher: Activision
- English Wikipedia page
- Official Site


text:
August 2, 2015
9-14-06- A family spokeswoman says former Texas Governor Ann Richards has died. She was 73.
The spokeswoman says Richards died at home surrounded by her
family. Richards was found to have cancer of the esophagus in March
and underwent chemotherapy treatments.
The silver-haired, silver-tongued Richards said she entered
politics to help others -- especially women and minorities who were
often ignored by Texas' male-dominated establishment.
She grabbed the national spotlight with her keynote address at
the 1988 Democratic National Convention when she was Texas state
treasurer. Richards sealed her partisan reputation with a blast at
then-Vice President George H.W. Bush. Said Richards: "Poor George,
he can't help it. He was born with a silver foot in his mouth."
Richards rose to the governorship with a come-from-behind
victory over Clayton Williams in 1990.
She was governor for one term, losing her re-election bid to
Republican George W. Bush.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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An ophthalmic lens and a method for providing a thin coating thereon is disclosed. The coatings render the surfaces of the devices resistant to abrasion and have an SEB abrasion resistance to at least 20 psi. They are optically clear, aberration-free, and provide essentially exactly an optical surface having the desired surface configuration. The coating compositions employed contain reactive ethylenically unsaturated groups and are applied to a mold face and partially reacted. The coated mold is then used to cast the ophthalmic device.
1. A curved ophthalmic lens having an SEB abrasion resistance of at least 20 psi and providing refraction of light comprising
an optically clear, solid, room-temperature stable substrate, and
an optically clear, aberration-free, abrasion-resistant coating intimately bonded to said substrate, said coating providing essentially exactly an optical surface of desired configuration, said coating comprising the polymerization product of a composition containing reactive ethylenically unsaturated groups, wherein said coating exhibits an adhesion of at least 90% to said substrate when tested according to ASTM D-3359.
2. A lens according to claim 1 wherein said material containing reactive ethylenically unsaturated groups is selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, acrylic anhydrides, ethylenically unsaturated anhydrides, olefinic compounds, acrylamides, ethylenically unsaturated amides and urethanes, vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, vinyl halides, vinyl epoxy resins, vinyl silanes, vinyl siloxanes, vinyl heterocycles, melamines, poly(ethylenically unsaturated alkoxyalkyl) compounds, blends, polymers, and copolymers thereof.
3. A lens according to claim 2 wherein said material containing reactive ethylenically groups is a poly(ethylenically unsaturated alkoxyalkyl) compound of the formula A1 --Z--A2 wherein
(a) A1 and A2 are independently groups having terminal ethylenic unsaturation said groups having the formula: ##STR20## in which (1) R1 is selected from hydrogen or methyl
(2) R--O-- is a monovalent residue of an aliphatic terminally unsaturated primary alcohol, ROH, where R is selected from the formulae ##STR21## wherein E is selected from the formulae ##STR22## a and c are independently integers of from 1 to 6, b is zero or an integer of from 1 to 6, R4 is selected from hydrogen or methyl, R5 is an aliphatic group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with up to two groups selected from the class consisting of ether oxygen or ##STR23## R5 having a valence of m+1 wherein m is an integer of 1 to 5, (3) R2 is selected from the group of hydrogen, ##STR24## wherein R6 is selected from alkyl and alkenyl groups having up to 5 carbon atoms, R7 is an aliphatic group of up to 8 carbon atoms or an aromatic group of up to 8 carbon atoms,
(4) R3 is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and up to one catenary oxygen in the group, and
(b) Z is a heterocyclic group of the formula: ##STR25## wherein X is a divalent group required to complete a 5-membered heterocyclic ring and is selected from the group of ##STR26## wherein R8, R9, R10, and R11 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and phenyl groups, and A3 is the same as A1.
4. A lens according to claim 2 wherein said composition further includes a reaction initiator.
5. A lens according to claim 2 wherein said composition further includes one or more materials selected from the group consisting of polymers, stabilizers, antioxidants, flexibilizers, colorants, fillers, surfactants, flow aids, and hardness enhancers.
6. A lens according to claim 1 wherein said ophthalmic lens comprises a spectacle lens.
7. A lens according to claim 1 wherein said coating is chemically bonded to said substrate.
8. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 1 wherein said spectacle lens provides corrective refraction of light passing therethrough.
9. A lens according to claim 8 wherein said spectable lens comprises a multifocal spectacle lens.
10. A curved ophthalmic lens for correction of vision comprising an optically clear, solid, room temperature stable substrate bearing an aberration-free coating which provides an optical surface which comprises essentially exactly the positive replicate of a lens mold and which has an SEB abrasion resistance of at least 20 psi, which coating comprises the polymerization product of a composition containing reactive ethylenically unsaturated groups, and which has an adhesion of at least 90% to said substrate when tested according to ASTM D-3359.
11. A lens according to claim 9 having a segment line thereon.
This is a continuation of copending application Ser. No. 522,554 filed Aug. 15, 1983 and now U.S. Pat. No. 4,544,572, which was a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 415,171 filed Sept. 7, 1982 now abandoned.
This invention relates to coated ophthalmic lenses and to methods for applying coatings to such lenses. More particularly it relates to cast ophthalmic lenses, such as spectacle lenses, which have an optically clear, aberration free, abrasion-resistant coating applied thereto and to the methods of applying a coating by the application of a thin layer of a composition containing reactive ethylenically-unsaturated groups.
The application of coatings to surfaces is known. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,073,967 and 4,084,021 disclose the application of abrasion-resistant coatings to surfaces by spin coating, dip coating, spray coating, and flow coating techniques. While these techniques have been successful when used to coat smooth surfaces, such as the optical surface of single vision spectacle lenses, they have not been entirely satisfactory. For example, such techniques result in a build-up of a coating material at the outer edge of the lens which causes optical aberrations. Such techniques are even less satisfactory when they are used to coat irregular surfaces, such as those present on multivision ophthalmic devices, particularly those made from plastic. Such devices generally have segments which project abruptly away from (e.g. project above or below) at least one major optical surface of the device. Coating solutions applied to these optical surfaces by spin, dip, spray, or flow techniques must flow around and over these segments. The resulting coating generally exhibits flow marks around the projection and is thick at the intersections of the segment and the optical surface. This intersection is referred to hereinafter as the segment line.
Vapor coating techniques may also be employed. However, the resulting coatings tend to be very thin, for example 0.5 micron thick, and consequently are not useful in providing significant abrasion resistance.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,081,478 discloses a molding method wherein parts are first cast in a mold after which the mold is opened to provide a space for the injection of a predetermined quantity of coating composition. The mold is closed to spread the coating composition over the surface of the cast part, the coating cured in the closed mold, and the coated part removed from the mold. This technique is complicated and does not provide good adhesion of the coating to the substrate surface.
In yet another technique a gel coating material is applied to the surface of a mold and allowed to partially cure. See U.S. Pat. No. 4,081,578 at col. 2, lines 15-22. A mixture of resin compound and glass fibers is applied to and rolled over the gel coat. The resulting composite structure is allowed to cure. The purpose of this technique is to fill in any defects on the surface of an article.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,338,269 discloses a technique for applying a coating to the surface of a molded article. In this technique a composition containing a pentaerythritol base polyacrylate or polymethacrylate and a cellulose ester or a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate containing polymer is applied to a mold and fully cured by exposure to actinic radiation. Subsequently a polymerizable composition is charged to the mold and polymerized. Such compositions exhibit only minimal abrasion resistance and have not been found to provide optically clear coatings.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,968,305 discloses a shaped article and a method for applying a "mar-resistant" layer thereto. One method disclosed in this patent involves the steps of
first, applying to a mold a polymerizable material selected from
(a) a compound having a total of at least three acryloxy and/or methacryloxy groups in the molecule which are linked with an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue having not more than 20 carbon atoms,
(b) a monomer mixture comprising at least 20% by weight of said compound and at most 80% by weight of at least one other copolymerizable monomer, or
(c) a partially polymerized product of said compound or said monomer mixture;
second, polymerizing the polymerizable material to form an abrasion-resistant film on the mold;
third, charging a monomer to the mold; and
fourth, polymerizing the monomer.
The article and method of the present invention do not require the formation of an abrasion-resistant film on the mold prior to introduction of the monomer. To the contrary such a technique would not work in the invention as is shown below.
The present invention provides an ophthalmic lens having a thin, optically clear, aberration free, abrasion-resistant coating on one or more of its optical surfaces. It further provides a method of applying a coating to ophthalmic devices such as spectacle lenses. The method is equally useful in applying a coating to single and multifocal lenses.
The ophthalmic device of the invention comprises an optically clear, solid, room-temperature stable substrate, prepared from a polymerized organic material. The device has at least one optical surface coated with a thin layer of an optically clear, aberration-free, abrasion-resistant coating. This coating comprises the polymerization product of a composition containing reactive ethylenically unsaturated groups and provides an SEB abrasion resistance of at least 20 pounds per square inch.
As used throughout this specification, the following terms have the following meanings:
(a) "Optically clear" means free from haze or other interference which prevents an object on one side of a lens from being seen clearly by an observer on the other side of a lens.
(b) "Aberration-free" means that an object on one side of a layer of the coated lens does not appear to be bent, twisted or distorted to a viewer on the other side of the lens.
(c) "Reactive ethylenically unsaturated groups" are those groups which polymerize, crosslink, or both when subjected to activating conditions described hereinafter.
(d) "Optical surface" means one of the surfaces which provides optical correction.
(e) "SEB abrasion resistance" is the abrasion resistance determined according to the technique described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,084,021. The value reported for SEB abrasion resistance refers to the level of force necessary to cause visible scratching on the coated surface of the lens.
The method of the invention comprises steps of:
applying a layer of a composition comprising a material containing reactive ethylenically unsaturated groups to at least a first face of a mold used to manufacture the ophthalmic device, wherein the first face is capable of imparting a desired optical configuration on a first optical surface of the ophthalmic device;
reacting the composition to a degree that it forms a dry film that is at least weakly adhered to the first face and exactly replicates the first face in an aberration-free manner;
filling the mold with an organic liquid material capable of hardening to a solid, room temperature-stable state; and
hardening the liquid material so as to form the ophthalmic device and adhere the dry film to the first optical surface.
Coatings applied by the process of the invention are thin (typically having a thickness of from about 0.5 to 50, and preferably of from about 2 to 10, and more preferably of from about 3 to 5, microns thick). Furthermore, the coatings are free from surface aberrations due to nonuniformity of the thickness of the coating solution, flow marks, coating buildup, particularly at the segment lines and edges of the ophthalmic devices. Additionally, they exactly replicate the mold surface from which the ophthalmic device is made and consequently provide an optical surface having the desired surface configuration.
Molds used in the manufacture of ophthalmic devices from organic materials are generally made from glass or metal and typically have first and second mold sections which form the front and back optical surfaces on the devices. At least one of these sections has a surface which forms a finished optical surface.
The coating composition may be applied to one or more of the mold surfaces by a variety of techniques including spraying, dipping, brushing, flow coating, spin coating and the like. Flow coating has proven to be a very useful technique. In this technique a mold is preferably positioned such that the surface to be coated is oriented at an angle of from 45° to 60° from the horizontal. If the mold is designed for the production of multifocal devices having a straight segment line (such as a "flat top" lens), the face containing the multifocal portion is positioned so that the straight segment line is parallel to the vertical. In this position the outline of the multifocal portion of a common flat top bifocal lens mold forms the letter "D".
The molds are then preferably cleaned of particulate material by, for example, directing a stream of filtered nitrogen gas across the surface to be coated. A predetermined quantity of the composition is then applied to the top edge of the first face of the mold, preferably across an arc having a central angle of from about 140° to 160°. The composition is allowed to flow down to the bottom of the lens where any excess may be removed by an absorbent material placed in close proximity to the bottom of the die. If the composition includes a solvent, it may be, and preferably, is removed. This may be done by the use of infra-red radiation or heat.
The coating is then reacted to a degree that it forms a dry film on the mold which exactly replicates the mold face in an aberration-free manner. This may be done by either heating the composition for a time sufficient to form the dry film or by exposing it to activating radiation for a time sufficient to form the dry film. Whichever technique is employed, it is essential that the coating be partially reacted within certain limits. For example, if the coating is underreacted, it provides a hazy film and may also exhibit poor abrasion resistance. If, however the coating is overreacted, it exhibits unacceptable adhesion.
When thermal techniques are employed, the coating can be successfully partially reacted by exposing it to temperatures in the range of about 35° to 100° C. for from about one to ten minutes.
When activating radiation, such as ultraviolet light or electron beam radiation, is used, the coating is reacted until it exhibits a degree of unsaturation of from about 30% to 90% of the unsaturation it possessed prior to reaction. Preferably it is reacted until it exhibits a degree of unsaturation in the range of from about 40% to 75%, and most preferably from about 55% to 70%, of the unsaturation it possessed prior to reaction. Coatings which have a degree of unsaturation above about 90% provide a hazy film (i.e., one which is not optically clear) on the final device and may also exhibit poor abrasion-resistance while those which have a degree of unsaturation below about 30% exhibit unacceptable adhesion to the final product.
After being partially reacted, the coating is dry, although it may be tacky to the touch. Additionally, the coating will not flow by itself although it can be deformed by touching it with finger pressure. Furthermore, the coating is not abrasion-resistant at this point.
The specific technique used to bring about partial reaction may be selected to suit the nature of the coating composition. For example, when the reactive ethylenically unsaturated material contains acrylate-functional groups, a satisfactory level of reaction can be achieved by exposing the coating composition to ultraviolet light. While the exact exposure conditions employed are dependent upon the intensity of the light, the distance of the coating from the light, and final degree of unsaturation desired, satisfactory partial reaction may be achieved by positioning the coating at a distance of from 1 to 90 cm from the light and exposing it to radiation from a 40 watt/cm Hanovia lamp or from 0.02 sec to 40 min. Generally, the closer the coating is to the light source, the shorter the time of exposure.
If the ethylenically unsaturated materials contain alkoxy silane, the coatings can be satisfactorily reacted by the thermal techniques described above. Other techniques suitable for reacting the coatings will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
After the desired level of reaction is obtained, the mold is assembled and filled with liquid organic material to provide the substrate. A wide variety of thermosetting and thermoplastic organic materials can be employed. All that is necessary of such materials is that they be capable of solidifying to form a room-temperature stable, optically clear opthalmic device. Examples of useful thermosetting materials include allyl diglycol carbonate monomer, acrylate monomers, and acrylate oligomers. Examples of useful thermoplastic materials include polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, and the like.
Once the mold is filled, the organic liquid is hardened by any suitable technique. For example, allyl diglycol carbonate may be hardened by subjecting it to heat in the range of 35° C. to 85° C. for up to 16 hours in the presence of a suitable polymerization agent.
As the organic liquid hardens, the film of coating composition forms an intimate bond to the substrate so that it adheres to the optical surface of the device more firmly than it adheres to the face of the mold. The coating is so intimately attached to the substrate that it can withstand repeated exposure to freeze/thaw cycles without any loss of adhesion. This is characteristic of a chemical bond between the two materials.
Additionally as the organic liquid hardens the coating is further reacted so that once hardening of the substrate is completed the coating has been rendered abrasion-resistant.
Once hardened the cast ophthalmic devices are removed from the mold. As the adhesion of the coating is greater to the surface of the ophthalmic device than it is to the face of the mold, it separates essentially completely from the mold. The resulting coating is thin and its exposed surface (that is the surface that formerly contacted the mold) provides exactly the optical surface desired on the ophthalmic device. Furthermore, it is free from aberrations such as would be caused by flow lines and buildup at segment lines which may be present.
The coated device may be used as is of alternatively it may be post reacted. Post-reaction may be accomplished by the same techniques utilized to initially react the coating. Typically the conditions employed during post curing are sufficient to assure essentially complete reaction of the coating. Suprisingly, post curing, even to a level such that there is essentially no available residual unsaturation remaining, does not adversely affect the adhesion of the coating to the cast article.
While the previous discussion has been directed to the application of the coating to only one surface of a multifocal ophthalmic device, the process may also be used to apply the coating to single vision lenses, particularly those having a high curvature, and to two or more surfaces of an ophthalmic device.
The articles of the invention exhibit a SEB abrasion resistance of at least 20 psi. This means that a force of at least 20 pounds per square inch must be applied to the coating to cause visible scratching. This level of abrasion resistance represents a substantial improvement over the abrasion resistance of uncoated lenses. For example lenses made from allyl diglycol carbonate monomer scratch visibly after the application of only 1 to 3 psi. Although an abrasion resistance of 20 psi represents a substantial improvement over this, it is only a fair or acceptable level of abrasion resistance in the context of the present invention. Thus, the lenses of the invention preferably exhibit an abrasion resistance of at least 40 psi (a good level of abrasion resistance) and more preferably exhibit an abrasion resistance of at least 60 psi (an excellent level of abrasion resistance).
The coating compositions useful in the invention contain at least one material having reactive ethylenically unsaturated groups. Example of such materials are acrylates, methacrylates, acrylic anhydrides, ethylenically unsaturated anhydrides, olefinic compounds, acrylamides, ethylenically unsaturated amides and urethanes, vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, vinyl halides, vinyl epoxy resins, vinyl silanes and siloxanes, vinyl heterocycles, melamines, and prepolymers and polymers of these materials. These materials may be mono- or polyfunctional.
Specific examples of these materials include methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, styrene, butadiene, 2-chlorostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, acrylic acid, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, t-butyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2-(N-butylcarbamyl)ethyl methacrylate, and 2-(N-ethylcarbamyl)ethyl methacrylate. Examples of other useful materials include 1,4-butylene dimethacrylate or acrylate, ethylene dimethacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate or dimethacrylate, glyceryl diacrylate or methacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, glyceryl triacrylate or trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate or trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate or tetramethacrylate, dimethylolpropane tetracrylate, diallyl phthalate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, dipentaerythritol hydroxypentaacrylate, neopentylglycol triacrylate and 1,3,5-tri(2-methacryloxyethyl)-s-triazine, hexamethoxymethyl melamine, poly(acrylic acid), a poly(methacrylic acid), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl acetate, poly(vinyl butyral) and the like.
A specific class of useful materials comprises the polyacrylate functional hydrocarbons having at least two acrylate groups per molecule. A preferred subclass of these materials are the poly(ethylenically unsaturated alkoxyalkyl) heterocyclic compounds having the general formula
in which
(a) A1 and A2 independently are alkoxyalkyl groups having terminal ethylenic unsaturation and having the general formula ##STR1## in which
(1) R1 is selected from hydrogen or methyl
(2) R--O-- is a monovalent residue (formed by removal of the active hydrogen from an --OH group) of an aliphatic terminally unsaturated primary alcohol, ROH, R having the formula ##STR2## wherein E is selected from ##STR3## a and c are independently an integer of from 1 to 6, b is zero or an integer of 1 to 6, R4 is selected from hydrogen or methyl, R5 is an aliphatic group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (preferably alkylene of up to 15 carbon atoms) and optionally one or two catenary (i.e., backbone) oxygen atoms or ##STR4## R5 having a valence of m+1, and m is an integer of 1 to 5,
(3) R2 is preferably hydrogen but can be ##STR5## wherein R6 is preferably alkenyl but can be alkyl (each preferably having 2 to 5 carbon atoms) and can be substituted by a phenyl or carboxyl group, and R7 is an aliphatic group (of up to eight carbon atoms, e.g., alkyl) or aromatic group (preferably having up to 8 carbon atoms and more preferably a phenyl group) and R7 is most preferably an acryloyloxyalkyl or a methacryloyloxyalkyl group;
(4) R3 is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally one catenary oxygen atom; and
(b) Z is a heterocyclic group of the formula: ##STR6## wherein X is a divalent group which is required to complete a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring. Preferably X is ##STR7## wherein R8, R9, R10, and R11 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl (of 1 to 4 carbon atoms), cycloalkyl (of 3 to 6 carbon atoms) or phenyl group (of 6 to 12 carbon atoms), and A3 is an alkoxyalkyl group as defined above for A1 and A2.
A specific heterocyclic compound of the generic formula is ##STR8## wherein R12 is ##STR9##
Materials of the formula A1 --Z--A2 are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,306,954 incorporated herein by reference.
Other polyacrylate functional materials useful in the coating compositions include "Sartomer" 295 (pentaerythritol tetraacrylate) and "Sartomer" 399 (dipentaerythritol monohydroxy pentaacrylate) both commercially available from Sartomer Company. These materials respectively have the formulae ##STR10##
Other specific classes of useful ethylenically unsaturated materials include vinyl silane and siloxane materials and acryloxysilanes and siloxanes. Examples of such materials may be represented by the formula
[R13 ]n --Si--[R14 ]4-n
wherein R13 is selected from a vinyl group, e.g.,
or a methacryloxy group, e.g., ##STR11## wherein R15 is an alkylene group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R16 is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl radical of 1 to 8 carbon atoms (preferably alkyl). An epoxy group, such as one having of the following formulae ##STR12## may be included in the silane or siloxane as the R13 group provided that it does not constitute all of the R13 groups. In these groups, R17 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical (aliphatic-, aromatic-, or aliphatic- and aromatic-containing) of less than 20 carbon atoms or a divalent radical of less than 20 carbon atoms composed of C, H, N, S, and O atoms (these atoms are the only atoms which may appear in the backbone of the divalent radicals), the last being in the form of ether linkages. No two hetero atoms may be adjacent within the backbone of the divalent hydrocarbon radical. The value of d is 1, 2, or 3 and n is 1 or 2. R14 is an oxyhydrocarbyl group, preferably alkoxy, acyl, or acetoxy, having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a radical of formula (CH2 CH2 O)k Z in which k is an integer of at least 1 and Z is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of less than 10 carbon atoms or hydrogen. An oxyhydrocarbyl group is a hydrocarbon group or hydrocarbon group having no more than one heteroatom in the backbone selected from N, S, and O for every two carbon atoms in the backbone, wherein a hydrogen attached to a carbon atom has been replaced with a divalent oxygen atom to form an external bond. For example, starting with CH3 CH2 OCH3, the oxyhydrocarbyl derivatives include --O--CH2 CH2 OCH3. Exemplary hydrocarbyl groups include aromatic groups (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl and benzothienyl) and aliphatic groups (linear, branched, or cyclic) including cyclohexyl, tetrahydrofuryl, dioxanyl, peperidyl, pyrolidinyl, ethoxyethoxy ethyl, etc.). Preferably, this oxyhydrocarbyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
Examples of useful silanes are vinyltriethoxy silanes, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, vinyltriacetoxy silane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane, beta-(3,4,epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxy silane and gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane. Other useful silanes of this type are known to the art. Combinations of silanes or additions of silanes and compounds copolymerizable with either functional group of the reactant (silane, epoxy, vinyl or methacryloxy) is contemplated in the practice of this invention. Preferably, however, the composition is free from amino silanes.
Two or more ethylenically unsaturated materials may, of course, be employed in the composition.
The composition preferably comprises at least about 5 parts by weight of the ethylenically unsaturated material. Most preferably it comprises from about 10 to 100 parts by weight of the ethylenically unsaturated material.
A reaction initiator may be incorporated into the coating composition. It comprises at least about 0.1 parts, and preferably from about 1 to 4 parts by weight of the ethylenically unsaturated material.
The nature of the reaction initiator utilized in the composition is dependant upon the ethylenically unsaturated material used. For example, for those ethylenically unsaturated materials which undergo free radical polymerization, suitable initiators are compounds which liberate or generate a free-radical on addition of energy. Such initiators include peroxy, azo, and redox systems each of which are well known and are described in polymerization art, e.g. Chapter 11 of Photochemistry, by Calvert and Pitts, John Wiley & Sons (1966). Included among free-radical initiators are the conventional heat activated catalysts such as organic peroxides and organic hydroperoxides. Examples of these catalysts are benzoyl peroxide, tertiary-butyl perbenzoate, cumene hydroperoxide, azobis(isobutyronitrile) and the like.
The preferred catalysts are photopolymerization initiators. Included among such initiators are acyloin and derivatives thereof, such as benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, and α-methylbenzoin; diketones such as benzil and diacetyl, etc.; organic sulfides such as diphenyl monosulfide, diphenyl disulfide, decyl phenyl sulfide, and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide; S-acyl dithiocarbamates, such as S-benzoyl-N,N-dimethyldithiocarbmate; phenones such as acetophenone, α,α,α-tribromacetophenone,α,α-diethoxyacetophenone, α,α-dimethoxy-α-phenylacetophenone, o-nitro-α,α,α-tribromacetophenone, benzophenone, and p,p'-bis(dimethyliamino)benzophenone; aromatic iodonium and aromatic sulfonium salts, sulfonyl halides such as p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride, 2-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride, 1,3-benzenedisulfonyl chloride, 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl bromide, and p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride.
The reaction initiator employed with silane and siloxane materials is preferably a metal ester of the formula M--(OR18)x, where M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, aluminum, and zirconium, R18 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms which are bonded to the oxygen atom, and x is equal to the number of valence bonds of M.
Other reaction initiators, such as acids or bases, may be used with silane and siloxane materials.
Representative metal esters which have been found useful in the practice of the present invention include tetraisopropyl titanate ("Tyzor", commercially available from DuPont); tetrabutyl titanate, tetraethyl titanate, tetra 2-ethylhexyl titanate, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum n-butoxide, and tetraiosopropyl zirconate. Each of the metal esters may be utilized either by itself or in combination in the practice of the present invention. Other useful metal esters of the type described are known to the art. The preferred metal ester is tetraisopropyl titanate.
The coating compositions can include a variety of other ingredients such as compatible monomers and polymers, stabilizers, antioxidants, flexibilizers, colorants (e.g., dyes and pigments), reinforcing fillers, surfactants, flow aids, hardness enhancers (e.g., colloidal silica), and the like. Additionally, solvents may be utilized to facilitate preparation and application of the compositions. Examples of suitable solvents include methyl ethyl ketone, chloroform, methylene chloride and methyl alcohol.
The following examples further illustrate the present invention. Unless otherwise noted, all references to parts are to parts by weight.
A coating composition containing the following ingredients was prepared:
______________________________________ parts______________________________________Part A ##STR13## (1) 75 ##STR14## (2) 25Water 50Part BMethyl Alcohol 65HCl (Concentrated) 4.7Tetra isopropyl titanate (3) 28.4______________________________________ (1) A187 silane available from Union Carbide Corporation (2) A174 silane available from Union Carbide Corporation (3) "Tyzor" available from DuPont
Part A was prepared by combining the ingredients in a glass beaker at room temperature and stirring until a one-phase product was obtained. Part B was prepared by combining the ingredients in the order listed in a glass beaker at room temperature and stirring. Part A (12 g) and Part B (9 g) were then combined in a glass beaker with stirring at room temperature for about 15 minutes. A minor amount (0.5% by weight) of a fluorochemical surfactant ("FC-430" available from 3M Company) was added to the resultant product and stirring was continued for about 5 minutes.
The concave face of a single vision ophthalmic lens mold was coated with the resulting product by holding the mold at an angle of about 45 degrees from horizontal and painting a small quantity of the composition across the top edge of the concave face along an arc having a central angle of from 140° to 160°. The coating composition flowed downward across the face of the mold and left a thin, uniform, coating on the concave surface. The coating was partially reacted by placing the coated mold about 5 cm from a sunlamp and exposing it to ultraviolet light for two minutes at about 80° to 100° C.
The coated mold was then used to cast a single vision ophthalmic lens blank. Allyl diglycol carbonate monomer ("CR-39" from PPG Industries) containing 3% by weight benzoyl peroxide was charged to the mold until the mold was full. The filled mold was placed in a water bath and heated at 65° C. for one hour, 73° F. for one hour, and then at 85° C. for 15 hours. The temperature of the bath was then reduced to 60° C. and the resulting hardened lens removed from the mold.
The coating separated completely from the mold face upon removal of the lens from the mold and was firmly bonded to the convex surface of the lens. It could not be removed from the lens when tested according to ASTM D-3359 Tape Adhesion Test. Additionally, the coating exactly replicated the convex surface of the lens, was free from aberrations and had a SEB abrasion resistance of 30-40 psi. The coating was about 6 microns thick. The coating was subjected to postcuring by heating it for 8 hours at 85° C. After postcuring it had an SEB abrasion resistance of 70 psi.
A poly(ethylenically unsaturated alkyloxyalkyl)heterocyclic compound of the formula ##STR15## was prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,249,011 (Example 1). Sixty parts of the heterocyclic compound and 40 parts of methyl ethyl ketone were combined and mixed until uniform. A polymerization initiator (2% by weight of α,α-dimethoxy-α-phenylacetophenone ("Irgacure" 651 available from Ciba Geigy) was added to the mixture and stirred until a uniform composition was obtained. This composition was applied to the concave surface of a single vision ophthalmic lens mold as described in Example 1 to provide a thin coating thereon.
The methyl ethyl ketone was evaporated from the coating by allowing the coated mold to stand at room temperature for several minutes. The coating was then partially polymerized by exposing it to a 700 watt Hanovia medium pressure mercury arc lamp for 10 seconds at a distance of about 5 cm. The coated die was then used to prepare an ophthalmic lens blank as described in Example 1 using allyl diglycol carbonate monomer and 3% by weight benzoyl peroxide. The lens was cured as described in Example 1.
When the lens was removed from the mold, the coating separated essentially completely from the mold face and remained adhered to the lens surface. The coating was firmly bonded to the convex surface of the lens and could not be removed when tested according to ASTM D-3359 Tape Adhesion Test. The coating replicated the convex surface of the lens and was free from aberrations. The coated lens had a SEB abrasion resistance of 40-60 psi and was 10 to 12 microns thick. The coating was post cured by exposing it to ultraviolet light as described above. After post curing it had an SEB abrasion resistance of 90 psi.
A composition was prepared which contained 90 parts of the poly(ethylenically unsaturated alkoxyalkyl)heterocyclic compound described in Example 2, 10 parts of Silane "A-174", 2 parts α,α-dimethoxy-α-phenylacetophenone, and 508 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone. The composition was applied to the concave surface of a series of multivision ophthalmic lens molds as described in Example 1. After the solvent was evaporated, the coatings were partially polymerized by exposing them for five seconds to a 700 watt Hanovia medium pressure mercury arc lamp.
The coated dies were then used to prepare multivision ophthalmic lenses using the techniques described in Example 1. After curing and removal from the molds, the coatings separated completely from the mold faces and were firmly bonded to the convex surfaces of the lenses. They could not be removed from the lens surfaces when tested according to ASTM D-3359 Tape Adhesion Test. The exposed surfaces of the coatings exactly replicated the convex surface of the lenses and were free from aberrations. The lenses had a SEB abrasion resistance of 30-50 psi and were free from flow lines and coating buildup at the segment lines of the multivision segments. The coatings were from 4 to 5 microns thick.
The SEB abrasion resistance of the lenses was improved to 75 psi by post exposing them for 2 minutes to ultraviolet light from a 100 watt/in Hanovia Lamp positioned 10 cm from the coating. This did not affect the adhesion of the coatings to the lenses.
An ethylenically unsaturated material was prepared which had the formula: ##STR16## wherein Q is CH2 ═CH(CH3)COO(CH2)3, m had a value of between 3 and 8, and p had a value between from 2 to 10. The procedure used was as follows.
A 2 l. flask was placed in a heating mantle and fitted with reflux condenser, mechanical stirrer, and thermometer. The flask was charged with 1500 g of amber-colored gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (available from Union Carbide as A-174 or from Dow Corning as Z-6030) and 150 g anhydrous sodium carbonate. The flask and contents were heated to about 130° C. and maintained at that temperature with stirring for 4 hours. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and filtered to remove the insoluble residue. The filtrate was returned to the flask together with about 2.25 g (0.15%) potassium hydroxide pellets. Stirring was maintained for 1 hour without heating as the liquid became very dark brown to black in color. The liquid was decanted and distilled under vacuum at 85° to 110° C. and 1 to 5 mm Hg pressure to yield water-white gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
A second flask was charged with 150 g of the above purified gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 150 ml of tetrahdrofuran (analytical reagent grade) 0.03 g butylated hydroxytoluene (as a stabilizer) and 33.6 g 1 normal hydrochloric acid. The mixture was refluxed for one hour and then evaporated in vacuum (45° C. at 5 mm Hg) to provide a residue of water-white clear oligomeric prepolymer of the above formula having a viscosity of about 11,000 cps after air-purging.
The prepolymer was combined with 2 parts by weight of α,α-dimethoxy-α-phenylacetophenone, warmed slightly, and applied as a thin coating to the concave surface of a multivision ophthalmic lens mold using the procedures described in Example 1. The coating was partially polymerized by exposing it for 2 seconds to ultraviolet light from a 100 watt/in Hanovia lamp located 10 cm from the coating. The mold was then used to prepare ophthalmic lenses from allyl diglycol carbonate monomer as described in Example 1 except that the lenses were heated in the water bath by slowly raising the temperature of the bath from 60° C. to 85° C. during a 12 hour period. When the lenses were removed from the mold, the coating separated completely from the mold faces and was firmly bonded to the convex surface of the lenses. It could not be removed from the lenses when tested according to ASTM D-3359 Tape Adhesion test. The coating replicated the convex surface of the lenses and was free from aberrations because the coatings were free from flow lines and coating buildup at the segment lines of the multivision segments. The lenses had an SEB abrasion resistance of 30-45 psi.
The abrasion resistance of the lenses was increased to 60 psi by post exposing the coatings for two minutes to ultraviolet from a 100 watt/in Hanovia lamp located 10 cm from the coating. This did not affect the adhesion of the coatings to the lenses.
A composition having the following ingredients was prepared:
______________________________________ Parts______________________________________Poly(ethylenically unsaturated 60alkoxyalkyl) heterocyclic compoundof Example 2Pentaerythritol Tetraacrylate 40"Irgacure" 651 3"FC-431" 0.25Methylene Chloride 896.75______________________________________
This composition was applied to and partially reacted on a series of multivision ophthalmic lens molds using the methods described in Example 2. Various power levels were utilized during the exposure. The coated molds were then used to prepare ophthamic lenses from allyl diglycol carbonate as described in Example 1. The coated lenses were tested for residual unsaturation using infrared absorption techniques; SEB abrasion resistance and adhesion. The results of the abrasion resistance and the adhesion were reported as poor, fair, good and excellent. Poor (i.e., unacceptable) abrasion resistance meant that the coating visibly scratched with the application of less than 20 psi of force. Fair (acceptable) abrasion resistance meant that 20 to 40 psi of force were required before the coating visibly scratched. Good abrasion resistance means that 40 to 60 psi of force were required before the coating visibly scratched. Excellent abrasion resistance means that the coating either did not visibly scratch or visibly scratched only after the application of more than 60 psi of force. Poor (unacceptable) adhesion means that more than 10% of the coating was removed when tested according to the Tape Adhesion test ASTM D-3359. Good (acceptable) adhesion means that only from 5 to 10% of the coating was removed when tested according to ASTM D-3359. Excellent adhesion means that there was no coating removed when tested according to ASTM D-3359. The results of these tests are set out below.
______________________________________ % Residual AbrasionSample Unsaturation Resistance Adhesion______________________________________A 75 Fair ExcellentB 67 Excellent ExcellentC 62 Excellent ExcellentD 57.1 Excellent ExcellentE 55 Excellent ExcellentF 48.3 Excellent FairG 43 Excellent FairH 36.1 Excellent PoorI 30.6 Excellent Poor______________________________________
Coating composition prepared as described in Examples 2, 3 and 5 were applied to the convex surfaces of ophthalmic lens molds using the coating technique described in Example 1. The coated molds were allowed to air dry at ambient room temperature for about one minute and then separate molds were partially cured by exposing them to a 300 watt/in. Hanovia medium pressure mercury lamp. The coatings were then tested for SEB abrasion resistance. The results are set out below.
______________________________________Coating Sol'n % Residual Abrasionfrom Ex Unsaturation Resistance (psi)______________________________________2 30 <7.52 60 <7.52 90 <7.53 30 <7.53 60 <7.53 90 <7.55 30 <7.55 60 <7.55 90 <7.5______________________________________
The coatings each had scratches so numerous that they became opaque.
A coating composition having the following ingredients was prepared:
______________________________________ Parts______________________________________ ##STR17## 14.08 ##STR18## 4.7Deionized water 7.74Methyl alcohol 6.71HCl (37%) .96Tetraisopropyl Titanate 5.64Methyl ethyl ketone 59.92Fluorochemical surfactant (FC-430) 0.24______________________________________
Clean glass and metal dies were flow coated with the above composition using the technique described in Example 1. The coated dies were allowed to stand at room temperature for about two minutes and then partially reacted for two minutes at 100° C. using an infrared heat lamp. Ophthalmic lenses were then cast from alkyl diglycol carbonate using the molds. The lenses were hardened by heating them at 48°-85° C. for 41/2 hours. The lenses were removed from the mold, given a post cure at 90° C. for four hours and tested for SEB abrasion resistance and adhesion. The coating had an SEB abrasion resistance of 70 psi and 100% adhesion to the lens.
Two separate coating solutions having the following ingredients were prepared:
______________________________________ Parts______________________________________Solution A ##STR19## 18.78Deionized water 7.74Methyl Alcohol 6.71HCl (37%) 0.96Tetraisopropyl titanate 5.64Methyl ethyl ketone 59.92Fluorocarbon surfactant (FC-430) 0.24Solution BPoly(ethylenically unsaturated 6alkoxyalkyl)heterocyclic compoundof Example 2Pentaerythritol Tetraacrylate 4Photoinitiator (Irgacure ® 651) 0.3Fluorocarbon surfactant (FC-431) 0.03Methylene Chloride 89.67______________________________________
Solution A was flow coated directly onto primed trifocal lenses and then partially cured using a 200 watt/in. medium pressure lamp (1 pass, 0.25 joule/cm2). The lenses were then post cured at 177° F. for 12 hours.
Trifocal lenses coated with solution B were prepared using the techniques described in Example 1 except that the coated molds were partially cured using a 200 watt/in. medium pressure lamp and exposing the molds to only one pass at 0.25 joules/cm2. The filled molds were heated to 48°-85° C. for seven hours to cure the lenses. The cured lenses were removed from the molds and post cured using a 300 watt/in medium pressure lamp and exposing them to four passes at 1 joule/cm2.
A Ronchi Graph was used to test the aberration of the coated surfaces. The trifocal lenses coated with Solution A all exhibited aberrations around the segments while the trifocal lenses coated with Solution B did not exhibit aberrations.
Four coated ophthalmic lenses were prepared using the coating solution of Example 5. The coating solutions were applied and partially cured as described in Example 1 except that a level of 0.25 joules/cm2 were used for partial curing. After the lenses had been hardened, the coatings wee exposed to 4 joules/cm2. The coatings had 100% adhesion to the lenses.
The coated lenses were dipped into a 93° C. water bath for 10 minutes, removed and immediately dipped into a 2° C. ice/water bath for 10 minutes. This cycle was repeated 5 times.
The coatings were then tested for coating adhesion and found to have 100% adhesion to the lenses.
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Goalkeeper Chris Maxwell joins Cambridge United on loan
Posted: July 18, 2013|
Jez George hailed Chris Maxwell as a goalkeeper with a "proven track record" in the Conference after the Wales under-21 international joined Cambridge United on loan.
The U's last night agreed a deal with Fleetwood Town to sign the keeper on loan until January.
Maxwell played the first half of United's 4-0 win in a pre-season friendly at Corby last night
Originally signed by Wrexham at the age of 10, Maxwell made 74 appearances for the Dragons before moving to the newly-promoted Fleetwood in 2012.
Maxwell, now 22, returned to Wrexham for a loan spell in January of this year, making a further 17 starts.
During this time, Maxwell played in two Wembley finals – picking up an FA Trophy winners medal, but later losing out to Welsh neighbours Newport County in the Conference play-off final.
Maxwell has won 16 caps for Wales at under-21 level.
Director of football Jez George said: "We have been extremely thorough in the process of identifying goalkeepers from clubs at every level that are available for loan and those that are free agents.
"In agreeing a long-term loan for Chris we have a goalkeeper of undoubted ability and a proven track record in this league over a number of games. He is highly rated and we are absolutely delighted to have acquired his services at least until the January transfer window.
"We are very grateful to Graham Alexander and Steve Curwood at Fleetwood for allowing this to happen."
Adam Cunnington got his first run out of pre-season in the first half last night. He spurned a good chance in the ninth minute.
Rory McAuley also went close with a header but there was little other goalmouth action in the first half at Steel Park.
United made 10 changes at half time with Delano Sam-Yorke the only player to stay on.
And Sam-Yorke opened the scoring 10 minutes into the second half with a shot that squirmed through the goalkeeper.
He scored again 12 minutes later with a great turn and finish from close range.
Sam-Yorke than made way for trialist Micah Evans, who had started the first half.
Evans made an immediate impact as he teed up Ryan Donaldson for the third.
The U's made it 4-0 four minutes from time when Liam Hughes got the final touch on the line from Mitch Austin's low drive.
United head coach Richard Money said: "It was another successful exercise for us as we got more minutes under the belt.
"It was nice to win to keep the belief up, score goals and get the strikers on the scoresheet."


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Dave Graybill | Pressman recalls day Kennedy was killed
Editor's note: Retired World packaging manager Dave Graybill offers this recollection of what it was like at The Daily World on Friday, Nov. 22, 1963, when President John F. Kennedy was shot and killed. Those were the days of hot metal production.
I had worked at The World over 13 years. I was a combination stereotyper and pressman. We heard the news of the assassination and the whole plant seemed to get quiet as we prepared to go to press that day. Right away, we decided to use red headlines on Page One. The wooden type we used was about 3.5 inches high. The headline was to be two lines long. We first fitted the form with these headlines, then added the details as the story came over The Associated Press.
In those days, I made most of the color plates. We then decided to go ahead with the red plates. Since the full story would be on the black plates. I rolled the page, made the mold to cast the press plates form.
The headline read, "President Kennedy Critically Wounded."
That was the story at that point in the day. I put these plates on the press and proofed them. I saved some of these proofs as mementos. A very short time later, the news came that Kennedy was dead. We did those headlines over, changing just the second line to read "President Kennedy Killed By Assassin."
You could still hear the Linotypes clatter and the roar of the press — the standard noises (of the newspaper). But above all with the production workers, printers, sterotypers and pressmen, there was an eerie silence that day. It was indeed a day for me to remember in the business of "bringing the news."
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If the game freezes, just click inside it (games can get unresponsive if you click elsewhere on the page).
Kissing on the public place is very special and you don?t want people to glare at you while you are enjoying your time with your partner. As soon as no one is looking you should sneak in a kiss. Make this young couple to kiss passionately without getting caught as otherwise you will lose a life. Just make them kiss watchfully to fill the kissing loader within specified time duration in each level.
Use mouse to play this game.


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BRUNSWICK COUNTY, NC (WWAY) — A Brunswick County Grand Jury has indicted Southport police officer Bryon Vassey on voluntary manslaughter charges in the death of Keith Vidal, according to the District Attorney's Office.
Vidal was shot and killed in Boiling Spring Lakes Jan. 5.
A judge set bond for Vassey at $50,000 secured. Ofc. Vassey has until noon Wednesday to turn himself in.
We spoke with Vidal's father on the phone after the ruling. Mark Wilsey told us that the family is pleased with the ruling, but had hoped Officer Vassey would be charged with murder.
Two other officers involved, Ofc. John Thomas of the Boiling Spring Lakes Police Department and Dep. Samantha Lewis of the Brunswick County Sheriff's office, were cleared of any criminal wrongdoing by an investigation by the SBI.
Vassey's attorney has said Vidal was trying to stab one of the officers with a screwdriver during an altercation at his family's home, and that Vassey acted appropriately. Records show Vassey shot Vidal less than two minutes after arriving at the home.
A news conference is scheduled at the DA's Office tomorrow at 11:00 a.m. to discuss the case.


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Nov 11 holiday in Paris? And Paris pass worth it?
Hi, Me and my wife will be traveling to Paris between 9th and 12th of November. Reaching Paris Orly on 9th Nov (Friday, 2:00 P.M) and leaving on 12th Nov from Paris Est Train station (Monday, 7:00 P.M). We just realized that Nov 11th will be a national holiday for Armistice Day in France. Does that mean we lose one full day from the precious little that we already had? Will the tourist attractions, museums etc be open on the day? Also wanted to check if the 2 day Paris pass for 105 Euros makes sense for us? Since this is our first time in Paris, we would like to see as much of it as possible. A Any advice on the areas to stay in for easy access to all the major sites? We have a booking of an ensuite room at the Le Regent Hostel Montmartre already but i am tempted by a few really attractive deals from some Accor hotels which make them as affordable as the Le Regent! Thanks in advance for your advice!


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Monitoring of Tissue Transfer Flaps by Modulated Imaging
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Tissue transfer flaps are a method of moving tissue from a donor location to a recipient location. In the case of a free tissue transfer flaps, the blood vessels to the transferred tissues are detached and then re-attached to different arteries and veins at the recipient site. The process of reconstructive surgery using tissue transfer flaps is not without complications. These complications may include acute arterial or venous occlusion, as well as the development of late complications such as fat necrosis and flap atrophy.
Other Reconstructive Surgery
Device: Modulated Imaging
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Case-Only
Time Perspective: Prospective
|Official Title:
|Non-contact, Intra-operative & Post-operative Device, Evaluation of Tissue Transfer Flaps After Reconstructive Surgery.
- Transfer Skin flap [ Time Frame: up to 6 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|January 2007
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|June 2018
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|June 2018 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Tissue transfer skin flap
Modulated Imaging Spectroscopy
Device: Modulated Imaging
Modulated Imaging Spectroscopy
Detailed Description:
The researchers developed a safe, non-contact, intra-operative and post-operative device called Modulated Imaging, can detect changes in a flap's optical properties and can correlate with arterial or venous occlusion or with the development of fat necrosis or flap atrophy.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older
|Genders Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Probability Sample
Study population will be selected from Surgical Department as outpatients and in-patient bases that require reconstructive surgery using a pedicle or free tissue transfer flap.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adult 18 years and older planned to undergo reconstructive surgery
Exclusion Criteria:
- All emergency reconstructive surgery
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00792792
|United States, California
|University of California Medical Center
|Orange, California, United States, 92868
|Principal Investigator:
|Evans R Gregory, PhD
|Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Institute, UCIMC
No publications provided
|Responsible Party:
|Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Center, Gregory Evans, M.D., Chair, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00792792 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|November 14, 2008
|Last Updated:
|June 6, 2015
|Health Authority:
|United States: Institutional Review Board
Keywords provided by University of California, Irvine:
tissue transfer
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on July 30, 2015


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Coming out of the Olympic break the Chicago Blackhawks have played 60 games and find themselves in third place in the Western conference. They trail the Anaheim Ducks by 3 points and are tied with the St. Blues. However the Blues have played in 3 less games so therefore technically hold the tie-breaker because of that.
Since they have played 60 games already that leaves the Hawks to play 22 games over the rest of the season. That will be 22 games in 45 days. How the schedule breaks down is kind of interesting.
- Half the games are at home and half the games are on the road.
- There are only 4 sets of back to back games, with all of them coming after March 18.
- 9 of the 22 games will be against their own division. Nashville (3), Blues & Avs (2), Wild & Stars (1)
- 7 of those 9 games are at home, playing Avs and Predators on the road
- 13 of the 22 games is against the Eastern Conference.Penguins & Blue Jackets (2), Rangers, Canadians, Capitals, Flyers, Hurricanes, Senators, Bruins, Sabres and Red Wings
- 8 of those 13 games are on the road. Canes, Wings and Jackets will travel to the UC while Penguins will play at Soldier Field.
- 21 out of 22 games will be against team that are currently in playoff contention. Buffalo is the only team not within 4 points of the final playoff spot within their respective conferences.
So what does all that mean? It means a lot of early starts. Only one games will have a start time later than 7 PM Central time. It also means that with 2 games against the Blues with both in Chicago the Hawks have plenty of time to retake the division lead from St. Louis. Also it isn't going to be easy. There are several potential Stanley Cup finals preview.
Over the first 60 games the Hawks won 35 games which is about 58 percent of the games. If they kept up that winning percentage that would be good enough for 13 wins or 26 points, which would give them 110 points. Possibly more when you consider the amount of times the Hawks go into overtime and earn a point.Based on the past years that will be good enough for one of the top two seeds in the West.
However if they only were to win 10 games then they would be closer to 100 points and could end up as a lower seed that does not have home ice come playoff time. With all that being said, it should be one hell of a stretch run here filled with plenty of scoreboard watching to see how the Ducks and Blues as well as the Penguins do night in and night out.


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|Red Roof Inns Greensburg properties are listed below. Search for cheap and discount Red Roof Inns hotel prices in Greensburg, PA for your personal or business trip. We list the best Red Roof Inns Greensburg hotels & lodging so you can review the Greensburg Red Roof Inns hotel list below to find the perfect place.
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A Community-Developed Dictionary of Software Weakness Types
View Objective
CWE nodes in this view (slice) are used by NIST to categorize vulnerabilities within NVD.
The set of CWE elements as used in NVD was created in summer of 2007.
Since then, CWE has grown, so it is expected that this list will change. The
current organization as used by NVD is captured in the following
CWE is co-sponsored by the office of Cybersecurity and Communications at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
This Web site is sponsored and managed by The MITRE Corporation to enable stakeholder collaboration. Copyright © 2006-2015, The MITRE Corporation. CWE, CWSS, CWRAF, and the CWE logo are trademarks of The MITRE Corporation.
Contact firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.


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Foster - Milk & Cookies Storytime @ Panera Bakery
Foster - Preschool Storytime & Crafts
Foster - Game Night
Foster - TAG (Teen Activity Group) hosts Game Night
- Play WII games movie size screen
- Open all ages
- Funded by SBFOL Sanbuena Ventura Friends of the Library
VCL Maker Space - Family Night
E.P. Foster Library - Topping Room
- Weekly Maker meetings are held every Tuesday evening in the Topping Room at E.P. Foster Library.
- Family Night! Early start time of 6:30pm
Avenue craft week
Crafts for children 5-12yrs. Come make a origami and more @ Avenue Library
Avenue craft week
Avenue Library will have craft materials available each day for children ages 5-12 to make paper gingerbread people, cut out snowflakes, clove pomanders, and more. A different craft project for each day.
Oak Park Library: Storytime
Preschool Storytime
Oak Park: Robots in the Library!
Join us at Oak Park Library to solve problems, do simple programming, design and build a robot! Every Saturday afternoon 2PM to 5PM. Anyone over 8 years old is welcome! This program is sponsored by Ventura County Library and the CSUN chapter of the ASME.
Oak Park Library: Robots in the Library Cancelled
Cancelled because of holidays. Will resume on January 11, 2014.
Oak Park Library: Robots in the Library Cancelled
Cancelled because of holidays. Will resume on January 11, 2014.


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The Bowman City Council meets this evening for their regular meeting for the month of July.
It is a fairly light agenda, as the council only has a handful of items to discuss.
The one action item this evening is the likely approval is a supplemental contract for the gas portfolio IV project between the city of Bowman and the Municipal Gas Authority of Georgia.
Tonight's meeting will be held in the council chambers at Bowman City Hall, and will begin promptly at 7:00pm.
Members of the Bowman Community are encouraged to attend, as the council's regular meeting is open to the general public.


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Little Country Gentleman's Jeffrey Moll Jr.: Featured Bartender of the Week
|Kaitlin Steinberg
I did have someone order a vodka martini with Sprite once. I hate to make anything with vodka. I just think vodka is one of the most boring spirits in existence, unless you need a neutral base to highlight other flavors.
What is the coolest or weirdest thing you've witnessed while working at Little Country Gentleman?
It doesn't really have to do with the restaurant or bar, but the last time it snowed, after we closed the restaurant, there was this guy running up and down the street in the snow yelling and banging on cars. I have no idea why he was doing that, but it was crazy.
What's the next big bartending trend?
Vinegar. Making shrubs [vinegar-based syrups] is kind of my big thing right now.
What's your favorite ingredient to use in cocktails?
Sweet vermouth.
What's your favorite drink?
I'd have to say a negroni. That's why I'd be so impressed if a girl walked in and ordered one. I'd be like, OK, yeah, we're gonna be friends.
Moll doesn't want to completely give away recipes for his homemade shrubs, which he invents and uses in drinks at Little Country Gentleman, but he did explain how they're made.
Kaitlin Steinberg
One of his favorites is made by macerating blackberries and mixing with brown sugar. He lets that sit for three days, then mixes in an equal quantity of balsamic vinegar. He adds spices -- like cardamom, ginger, cinnamon and Thai dragon pepper. After sitting for three weeks to ensure that the flavors meld, it's ready to use.
Moll used his blackberry shrub with unaged rye whiskey in an invention he's calling No. 25.
Head over to Little Country Gentleman and give it a try. (If your taste for cocktails runs to the classics, the bar offers 'em for $7 a pop Tuesday through Friday nights. Good deal!)
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