text:
A watt-hour meter is disclosed which includes: a microprocessor coupled to a solid-state Hall-Effect sensor; an electrically alterable ROM coupled to the microprocessor; a power supply; a power outage timing means using the discharge characteristic of a capacitor; apparatus for supplying a 60 Hz clock signal to the microprocessor; a readout device coupled to the microprocessor to provide an indication of the power consumed; an output on the microprocessor for controlling a circuit breaker; and a switch for overriding the microprocessor controlled circuit breaker. The microprocessor and the electrically alterable ROM are connected and programmed: to sense the time of day as determined from an initial time of day and setting the 60 Hz clock signal; to sense and compute the power used by the consumer; to automatically open the circuit breaker when power demand on the electric power source is high and/or the cost per kilowatt hour is high; to automatically close the circuit breaker when the power demand on the source of electric power is low and/or the cost per kilowatt power is low; and to allow a consumer to override the microprocessor's control of the circuit breaker.
1. A solid state watt-hour meter, comprising:
a Hall-Effect watt-hour sensor, connectable to a consumer's connection to a source of electric power, for sensing the line voltage supplied to and the line current drawn by the consumer's total electric load, said total electric load comprising a plurality of consumer electric loads, and for producing an output signal in the form of a train of square waves indicative of a quantity of watt-hours of power utilized by the consumer;
a microprocessor coupled to said watt-hour sensor for receiving said output signal, said microprocessor having at least one load control output which operates a circuit breaker which supplies at least one of said consumer loads, and having at least one switch input which senses the position of a switch;
an electrically alterable ROM operatively coupled to said microprocessor;
power supply means, having an input operatively coupled to the consumer line voltage and an output coupled to said microprocessor, for supplying a regulated DC voltage thereto;
clock signal generating means, operatively coupled between said consumer line voltage and said microprocessor, for supplying a 60 Hz clock signal to said microprocessor;
readout means, operatively coupled to said microprocessor, for providing a readout of the power consumed since the last reading of said solid state watt-hour meter;
power outage timing means, operated in response to said power supply means, for supplying a signal which is characteristic of the duration that said power supply means was inoperative due to a loss of power to said consumer's connection, said power outage timing means including a capacitor which discharges when said power supply means is inoperative and which charges when said power supply means is placed in operation; and
an override switch coupled to said switch input of said microprocessor and said circuit breaker,
said electrically alterable ROM and microprocessor being connected and programmed:
(a) to compute the time of day as determined from an initial time of day setting and said 60 Hz clock signal and to store said time of day in said electrically alterable ROM;
(b) to compute the total power used by the consumer and to store said total power in said electrically alterable ROM;
(c) to provide a readout signal indicative of the total power consumed since the last reading of the meter;
(d) to automatically open said circuit breaker for a time period during the time of day when power demand on said source of electric power is above a first predetermined value and/or the cost per kilowatt hour of said power is above a second predetermined value;
(e) to automatically close said circuit breaker during the time of day when the power demand on said source of electric power is at or below said first predetermined value and/or the cost per kilowatt hour of said power is at or below said second predetermined value;
(f) to allow the consumer to override said microprocessor control of said circuit breaker by operating said override switch to close said circuit breaker;
(g) to automatically reset said override switch when said microprocessor functions to automatically close said circuit breaker; and
(h) to correct the value of the time of day stored in said electrically alterable ROM by using the signal from said power outage timing means in the event that said power supply means is temporarily inoperative.
2. The solid state watt-hour meter according to claim 1, wherein said readout means comprises: a numerical LED display and; optical signal producing and receiving means for transferring data to and from said microprocessor, said signal producing and receiving means including at least one light-emitting diode and at least one photo transistor.
3. The solid state watt-hour meter according to claim 1: wherein said power supply means provides a reference voltage, and wherein said capacitor is charged by said power supply, and
further including: a shunt resistor which is connected across said capacitor, a comparator having a first input operatively connected to said capacitor, a second input operatively connected to said reference voltage, and an output operatively coupled to said microprocessor, said reference voltage normally being at or just below the normal voltage across said capacitor whereby said comparator produces an output signal when said capacitor is charged to its normal voltage, said electrically alterable ROM and said microprocessor being further programmed:
(a) to sense a first point in time when power is restored after a power outage;
(b) to sense a second point in time when said comparator produces an output signal indicating said capacitor has recharged, after having discharged through said shunt resistor during a power outage, back to its normal value;
(c) to calculate the real time represented by the time interval between said first and second points in time; and
(d) to use said calculated value of real time to update the value of the time of day stored in said electrically alterable ROM when power was lost to said consumer's connection.
4. The solid state watt-hour meter according to claim 3, wherein said microprocessor and said electrically alterable ROM are further programmed:
(a) to determine if the time between said first and second points in time is equal to a maximum pre-set time interval which is representative of the time to fully charge said capacitor with said power supply; and
(b) when equality is determined to close said circuit breaker and to signal an alarm indicating that the time of day stored within said electrically alterable ROM needs to be corrected and updated.
The present invention relates to electronic watt-hour meters which include a solid state microprocessor coupled to a watt-hour sensor. 2. Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore, various electronic watt-hour meters incorporating a microprocessor therein have been proposed. Such electronic watt-hour meters have provided for monitoring of and storing of information related to power demand and power use by a consumer. Also, such meters have included circuitry, programming and switches connected to various consumer loads for enabling the microprocessor to switch off or de-energize certain consumer loads during high electric use periods, e.g., daytime, and to switch on or energize these loads during low electric use periods, e.g., night-time.
Examples of such previously proposed electronic watt-hour meters are disclosed in the following U.S. patents:
______________________________________U.S. Pat. No. Patentee______________________________________3,505,508 Leyde3,522,421 Miller3,789,201 Carpenter, et al.4,034,233 Leyde4,059,747 Brody4,075,699 Schneider, et al.4,240,030 Bateman, et al.4,241,237 Paraskevakos, et al.4,253,151 Bouve______________________________________
See also European Patent Application Publication No. 0015666 for: Apparatus for Controlling Electric Power Consumption, filed by South Eastern Electricity Board, Queens Gardens Hove, Sussex, England.
Still further, it has been proposed to utilize a Hall-effect sensor for monitoring and measuring the electric power consumption by a consumer in an electronic watt-meter. Examples of such previously proposed Hall-effect sensors and watt-meters are disclosed in the following U.S. patents:
______________________________________U.S. Pat. No. Patentee______________________________________3,317,835 Dietz, et al3,328,689 Raines, et al3,343,084 Gambale3,921,069 Milkovic4,283,643 Levin, et al______________________________________
As will be described in greater detail hereinafter, the solid state watt-hour meter of the present invention differs from the previously proposed electronic watt-hour meters by not only providing a solid state Hall-effect sensor and time/load switching functions in the microprocessor of the meter but also by providing a reset function whenever there is a consumer-initiated override of the time/load switching function of the microprocessor.
According to the invention, there is provided a solid state watt-hour meter comprising a watt-hour sensor adapted to be coupled to a consumer's connection to a source of electric power for sensing the voltage supplied to, and the current drawn by, the consumer's total electric load and for producing an output signal indicative of a quantity of watt-hours of power utilized by the consumer; a microprocessor coupled to said watt-hour sensor for receiving said output signals; an electrically alterable ROM coupled to said microprocessor; power supply means having an input coupled to the consumer line voltage and an output coupled to said microprocessor for supplying a regulated DC voltage thereto; clock signal generating means coupled between the consumer line voltage and said microprocessor for supplying a 60 Hz clock signal to said microprocessor; readout means coupled to said microprocessor for providing a readout of the power consumed since the last reading of said solid state watt-hour meter; at least one load control circuit breaker in a consumer's unit supply line to at least one consumer load, said microprocessor having at least one load control output coupled to said at least one circuit breaker; an override switch coupled to said meter and said microprocessor and said electrically alterable ROM being connected and programmed:
(a) to sense the time of day as determined from an initial time of day setting and the 60 Hz clock signal;
(b) to sense and totalize signals from said sensor indicating the total power used by the consumer;
(c) to provide a readout signal indicative of the total power consumed since the last reading of the meter;
(d) to automatically open said at least one circuit breaker for a time period during the time of day (daytime) when power demand on the electric power source is high and/or the cost per kilowatt hour is high;
(e) to automatically close said at least one circuit breaker during the time of day (night-time) when the power demand on the source of electric power is low and/or the cost per kilowatt power is low;
(f) to allow a consumer to override said microprocessor control of said at least one circuit breaker by operating said override switch to close said at least one circuit breaker; and
(g) to automatically reset and override switch to the open position thereof when said microprocessor is in the operating mode for automatically closing said at least one circuit breaker.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the solid state watt-hour meter of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an idealized Hall cell representing the Hall type sensor utilized in the Hall multiplier shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a current to flux generator including a yoke having a gap for receiving a Hall-effect chip.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the solid state watt-hour meter and a meter reading unit.
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the electrical circuit of the watt-hour meter shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart for the Start-up Routine which has been programmed into the present invention.
FIGS. 7 and 8 comprise a flow chart for the Power Failure Timer Routine which has been programmed into the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart for the Communications/Meter Read Routine which has been programmed into the present invention.
FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 comprise a flow chart for the System Update Routine which has been programmed into the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a flow chart of the Interrupt Routine which has been programmed into the present invention.
While this invention will be described in connection with a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to that specific embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the present invention disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the principles of the invention.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated therein a block diagram of the solid state watt-hour meter of the present invention which is generally identified by the reference numeral 10. The solid state watt-hour meter 10 includes a current sensing device (current source) 12 and a voltage sensing device (voltage source) 14 which are coupled to a Hall-effect sensing and multiplying device (Hall multiplier) 16. The voltage source 14 is also coupled to a regulated power supply 18 which supplies DC operating voltage through an information bus 20 to a microprocessor (with RAM and ROM) 22.
As will be described in greater detail hereinafter in connection with the description of FIG. 5, the power supply 18 also supplies a 60 Hz square wave clock signal to the microprocessor 22.
The microprocessor 22 with built-in ROM memory contains the operation program and decision center for controlling the operation of the meter 10. The built-in RAM memory in the microprocessor 22 is available for "scratchpad work".
Also connected to the bus 20 is a non-volatile electrically alterable ROM (EAROM) 24. This non-volatile memory 24 is available for storing information that is changeable or changing and that must be retained in the event of loss of power. Typically, such information would include the content of the watt-hour register, the demand register and related time, times related to time of day or time of use periods, calibration contants, serial numbers, account numbers, security numbers, etc.
The meter 10 further includes a readout device 26 which is coupled to the bus 20 and which is preferably a 6-digit seven-segment LED display 26. The meter 10 can be factory preprogrammed to display any information in the meter 10. However, long running displays would be difficult to follow even by a trained and skilled observer and would be subject to transcribing errors. Thus, to keep the display simple, two optical input/output (I/O) ports 28 and 30 (FIG. 4) are provided in a housing 31 of the meter 10. Behind one I/O port 28 is an electro/optical device, namely, a phototransistor 32 (FIG. 5). The meter 10 is then programmed so that a light directed into the I/O port 28 by a customer will cause the meter to present an output, such as total watt hours used since the last reading, on the LED display 26.
In addition to the phototransistor 32, an electro/optical device (see FIG. 5), namely, an LED 34, is located behind the I/O port 30 (See FIG. 4). It forms an input/output pair with the phototransistor 32. This input/output pair 32 and 34 are capable of transmitting data into or out of the meter 10 at a relatively high rate.
As shown in FIG. 4, a meter reading unit 40 is provided which is particularly adapted for use with the meter 10. The unit 40 includes an optical plug, terminal or wand 42 which is adapted to be placed over the I/O ports 28 and 30. Inside the unit 40 is a microprocessor (see FIG. 5) and associated computer components to form a microprocessor system which includes an optical input/output pair identical to the input/output pair 32 and 34 which is coupled by fiber optics to the wand 42.
An important feature of the meter 10 is the optical coupling available with the meter reading unit 40 which is effected by placing the wand 42 over the I/O ports 28 and 30. Communication can then take place optically (and even through a glass cover over the housing 31). In this way, large amount of information which can be generated by the meter 10 can be quickly read by the meter reading unit 40.
Eight load control input/output ports, generally identified by reference numeral 50 (See FIG. 1) are coupled to a microprocessor bus 20 (See FIG. 5). These and are available for the control of specific customer loads such as water heaters, air conditioners, electric heating, etc., as will be described in greater detail in connection with the description of FIG. 5. Also, the meter 10 can be programmed so that load control can be asserted by the customer/consumer or by the supplier/electric utility.
Finally, a power outage (loss of voltage) timer 60 is coupled to the microprocessor 22 for supplying a signal, when power is restored after a power outage, to the microprocessor 22. Such signal is indicative of the duration of the power outage so that the microprocessor 22 can update (correct) the real time value stored in the EAROM 24.
An idealized Hall cell 70 is shown in FIG. 2 and includes a Hall plate 71 which is located in a flux field, represented by an arrow 72, that is established by line current flowing through the first and second phases of a two-phase power supply to the consumer.
A bias voltage directly related to the line voltage is supplied to opposite sides 73 and 74 of the plate 71. The Hall plate 71 output voltage across the other two opposite sides 75 and 76 of the plate 71 is related to the instantaneous power, e.g. watts being supplied.
As shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,550,492 the Hall plate output voltage can be defined substantially as follows:
Eh =K[VI cos θ-VI cos (2wt+θ)]
in which:
Eh =Hall plate output voltage
K=a constant
V=voltage of source
I=line current supplied by source
θ=phase angle between V and I
w=radian frequency=2 πf
The direct current term (VI cos θ) is proportional to real or active power. The average direct current in the output has a value of zero when no power is being transmitted.
Such a Hall plate is formed on a chip 77 (FIG. 5) which is received in an air gap 78 (FIG. 3) in a current transformer core or yoke 80 having two conductors, 81 and 82 of the voltage supplied to the customer/consumer passing therethrough. The yoke 80 is mounted on a base plate 84 and a mounting plate 86 is provided for mounting the chip 77.
Although not shown in FIG. 4, it will be understood that a transparent (glass) cover 88, a portion of which is shown at the bottom of FIG. 5, is received over the housing 31 to keep dust and dirt from getting in the housing 31, particularly ports 28 and 30.
The electronics portion of the meter 10 is preferably built on two main circuit boards (not shown), one for analog circuits and one for digital circuits, with two additional circuit boards, one for mounting transformer 90 (See FIG. 5), and one for mounting the Hall effect multiplier 16 which functions as a watt-hour generator.
Also, the meter 10, particularly the housing 31 thereof, is preferably sized to be interchangeable with existing induction watt-hour meters typical of those found in residential and apartment installations.
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is illustrated therein the schematic circuit diagram of the meter 10. As shown the voltage source (device) 14 includes a transformer 90 having a primary coil 92, a secondary winding 94 for supplying voltage to the Hall effect device and multiplier 16 in the chip 77 and a secondary winding 96 for supplying A.C. voltage to the A.C. to D.C. regulated power supply 18. The power supply 18 supplies a regulated D.C. voltage to a voltage bus 98 and the 60 Hz clock signal via a conductor 100 to a clock input 102 of the microprocessor 22.
The chip 77 having the Hall multiplier 16 is coupled via I/O conductors 104 to I/O ports of the microprocessor 22. It will be understood that the chip 77 has a plurality of Hall effect devices and multiplying circuitry therein. The inputs to the chip 77 are a flux 72 generated by the line current in conductors 81 and 82, line voltage from winding 94, and a source of power via conductor 105 connected to the voltage bus 98 and conductor 106 connected to system common or ground 108 for timing and to control several self calibration features. The output of this chip 77 is a square wave signal proportional to watt-hours.
The chip 77 is manufactured by Texas Instruments and key additional external elements in the chip 77 and circuitry thereof are: (1) RC integrator parts consisting of a resistor of about 200K ohms and a capacitor of 0.66 microfarads, (2) a 2.2K ohm feedback resistor, (3) two 1 microfarad capacitors to stablize the circuitry, (4) two 100K ohm resistors for bias, and (5) a potentiometer for bias adjustment.
The basic calibration of the meter selecting a resistor of about 200K ohms in the R-C network. This adjustment sets the Kh of the meter and compensates for such variables as the gap 78 in the Hall multiplier 16, the gain in amplifiers in the chip 77, and the accuracy of the 0.66 microfarad capacitor. The potentiometer is used to eliminate the effect of an unwanted voltage-caused effect on the chip 77.
An additional error resulting from the use of Hall effect devices in the chip 77 causes the circuitry (i.e. analogous to a standard watt-hour meter having a rotating induction disk which moves or rotates without any power being supplied to the watt-hour meter). The creep can be "forward" or "backward", and there is no striction to suppress this error. This can be compensated by the addition of a "tickler" coil on the current transducer core or yoke 80 to zero set or to add sufficient amp turns to negate any creep.
As with most solid-state devices, the Texas Instrument chip is sensitive to temperature. Variations in outputs from a nominal ambient temperature over a temperature range between -20� C. and +50� C. accounted for an error up to 2.5%.
Three of the load control outputs identified by reference numerals 121, 122 and 123 are shown in FIG. 5 coming out of the microprocessor 22 for controlling customer/consumer loads. For example, the output 123 can be considered as connected to a water heater load shown in the blowup in FIG. 5 as a resistance load 130. This load 130 is connected in series with an SCR 132 across the A.C supply voltage. The SCR 132 forms a load circuit breaker. A gate 134 of the SCR 132 is coupled to the microprocessor load control output 123 so that the microprocessor 22 can control when the load 130 is energized. Typically, the load 130 is energized during the early evening, night-time and early morning when the cost per KWH is low and de-energized during the daytime when the cost per KWH is high.
According to the teachings of the present invention, an override switch 140 is provided coupled to the microprocessor 22 to enable the customer to override the load control function of the microprocessor 22. In the illustrated embodiment the switch 140 is also coupled to the gate 134 via a conductor 142. Thus, by operating the switch 140, e.g. during the day, the customer can energize his hot water heater overriding the microprocessor 22.
Also, according to the teachings of the present invention, the microprocessor 22 and EAROM 24 are connected and programmed to reset the switch 140 to the open position thereof. In other words, if the switch 140 had been operated (closed) by the customer, the microprocessor 22 operates the switch 140 to the open position.
The meter 10 has no battery and derives its time from the power line, namely the 60 Hz clock signal. Since the meter 10 must accurately keep real time to support its time-of-day functions, loss of electrical power to the meter would destroy the time-of-day functions. To keep time without system voltage, the power outage timer (loss of voltage timer) 60 is included in the meter 10.
This timer 60 is based on an R-C network, comprising resistor 150 connected across capacitor 152, where the recharge time is proportional to the outage time. If the recharge time indicates the outage has been greater than 6 hours then the time is not recoverable and default conditions must be used. In that case the corrected time in the meter 10 is reloaded during the next meter reading operation by the meter reading unit 40.
As shown in FIG. 5 the power outage timer 60 has other components which will now be described and is one of several timers that can be used, such other timers being of the type disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 303,599 filed Sept. 18, 1981 entitled: POWER OUTAGE TIMER, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The timer 60 has a voltage supply line 154 from the microprocessor 22 which charges the capacitor 152 through a diode 156 and resistor 158 to a voltage level at junction 160 related to the supply voltage. The voltage at junction 160 is coupled to one input of a comparator 162. Another voltage supply line 164 from the microprocessor 22 supplies a voltage through a diode 165 to a voltage divider 166, 167. A point (junction) 168 in the divider 166, 167 is coupled to another input of the comparator 162 and has a normal voltage which is equal to or slightly less than the normal voltage on the capacitor 152. The output of the comparator 162 is connected to the microprocessor 22.
After a power outage, the time from the reestablishment of the A.C. supply voltage to the time the voltage at junction 160 equals or exceeds the voltage at point 168 is converted by the microprocessor 22 to the real time elapsed and added to the real time value in the EAROM 24 to correct the real time value therein.
After the meter 10 is installed, the microprocessor 22 is designed to restart after power outages and to be operating properly within about three seconds. The arrival of A.C. power starts the power supply 18 that causes the microprocessor 22 to initialize itself and all related functions by calling data from its ROM and EAROM 24. It also counts each restart operation as part of a power theft detection means.
One of the last steps in initialization is for the microprocessor 22 to note the voltage on the comparator 162 that looks at the capacitor voltage on timer capacitor 152. The microprocessor 22 then causes the capacitor 152 to charge or discharge in such a way that the comparator's output voltage will change when its threshold voltage at point 168 is crossed. The time to this change is measured. With this time and the polarity of the charge or discharge operation the duration of the outage is calculated. If the calculated outage exceeds 6 hours, the microprocessor 22 then calls for a default condition rather than trying to establish an undependable time.
The microprocessor 22 performs several interrupt routines, one of which is: Watthour Pulse Reception. Here, the microprocessor 22 watches for pulses from the chip 77 indicating a fixed quantity of watthours has passed. The software can track pulses at a rate up to 133 pulses per second, as well as apply a preselected calibration factor. These features permit a large variation in manufacturing variations of the watthour sensor and generator chip 77.
Another interrupt routine is: Three Millisecond Timer. Every three milliseconds the microprocessor checks to determine if (1) a sixty hertz (60 Hz) square wave has changed polarity for keeping up the real time clock or (2) the phototransistor 32 has changed state to note if a communication effort with the meter 10 has been started. Further, the three millisecond clock is used to control the timing of the display function on display 26.
The third interrupt routine is: Main Task Loop. The key task of the meter 10 is to count watt hours into the proper time-of-use register. The meter 10 will also calculate peak demands on a 15-minute running average and the time of the peak demand for each time-of-use period. The meter 10 must keep an accurate time-of-day clock to do these calculations. The Main Task Loop also controls the information that is kept in the EAROM 24 to insure that no important information is lost on a loss of voltage situation. This function of the meter 24 also controls the data that is to be presented on the display 26.
From time to time the meter will be read by the Unit 40 and the battery-operated microprocessor therein. When the Unit 40 sends its interrogation signal via wand 42 to the meter 10, the software program must identify this as a different signal than a change in light level used in manual readout. Upon this determination the meter 10 sends a clock synchronization pulse train to the meter-reading Unit 40. With communication established and clocks synchronized, any amount of predetermined information can be exchanged.
The meter-reading Unit 40 is a portable tool designed to read out the content of the meter 10. The Unit 40 microprocessor and the various other parts that relate to a microprocessor system are utilized to read out the meter 10 by placing the wand 42 properly centered on the face or cover 88 of the meter 10 and pushing a trigger on the wand 42. In about 2 seconds the unit 40 and meter 10 will:
1. Establish contact and determine the communication frequency to use.
2. Read the serial number and/or the account into the Unit 40.
3. Check and correct (if necessary) the real time clock, noting if a correction was made.
4. Check and correct (if necessary) the time-of-use times, noting if a correction was made.
5. Read the main register and the time-of-use registers.
6. Read counters or registers (and reset if proper) other indicators on the meter 10.
When all elements of the readout have finished, a tone or other indication will be given the operator by the Unit 40 indicating that the readout is finished. After finishing a readout at one meter 10, the operator proceeds to the next meter 10 and repeates the procedure. After completion of a day's route, the operator returns the meter-reading Unit 40 to a central location where it is coupled to a host computer that reads out the Unit 40 for higher level data processing. The host computer can also load new data for the next day's route.
The meter-reading Unit 40 can also have an onboard keyboard and display to permit operator control of the Unit 40 and thus the ability to do selective modifications of meter 10 and readout of a meter 10 through the display 26 thereof.
Various routines which can be programmed into and performed by the microprocessor 22 system are described below with reference to FIGS. 6 through 14.
In FIG. 6 there is shown a Basic Start-Up Routine in which, at Step 1 primary housekeeping routines are performed, such as setting an interrupt mask for the microprocessor 22, setting up a stack pointer and input/output default conditions and neutralizing the system address.
At Step 2, a Power Failure Time Routine is performed as described in further detail hereinbelow in connection with the description of FIG. 7.
At Step 3, secondary housekeeping routines are performed such as real time clock setup, serial communications flag set, interrupt mask clear, system updates, flag clear, flag check and initialization-configuration setup.
At Step 4 the microprocessor 22 system is initialized.
At Steps 5 and 6 self-diagnostic routines are performed.
Communications are performed at Step 7.
At Step 8 a clear interrupt mask is performed, which allows updating on interrupts from the watt-hour sensor 16 or real time clock.
If the system is flagged, a system update routine is performed at Step 9 and then returned to self-diagnostics at Step 6.
In FIGS. 7 and 8 the Power Failure Timer Routine is illustrated in which, at Step 1, the microprocessor 22 system determines whether a power fail timer error flag is set and if so, the system proceeds to C at FIG. 8.
If not, at Step 2 the power fail timer error flag of EAROM 24 is set. At Step 3 the system clears the timing loop cycle counter of the microprocessor 22.
The system then enters a delay A at Step 4.
At Step 5 it is determined whether the timer flag is set, which is a hardware flag.
If so, the system goes to A of FIG. 8, and if not, an internal cycle counter is incremented at Step 6.
If the cycle counter is at its limit at Step 7, the system goes to B of FIG. 7, and if not, a second delay B is entered at Step 8 before the system routine returns to Step 5.
Continuing the routine at A in FIG. 8 at Step 9, the system obtains the time correction from a look up table is pointed out by the cycle counter at Step 7.
At Step 10, the system updates the real time clock and calendar.
At Step 11 the system clears the EAROM power fail timer error flag.
Continuing the routine at B in FIG. 8, at Step 12, the EAROM power fail timer limit error flag is set after which the system is ready for the Communications/Meter Read Routine in FIG. 9.
In FIG. 9 is illustrated the Communications/Meter Read Routine in which, at Step 1, the system accesses the serial input to the meter 10.
At Step 2 a determination is made whether the input is at a constant level, which is an indication that a customer or meter reader is attempting access.
If the input is at a constant level, the system goes to Step 3 to determine whether the input is different from the last access which checks the serial communication level flag in the random access memory (RAM).
If the access is not different at Step 3, the system continues.
If it is different, the system at Step 4 will show allowable registers for an LED display. At Step 5 the system sets zero communications level flag which is a "1" if a serial input is high and a "0+ if the zero input is low.
At Step 2, if the input level is not constant, the system goes to Step 6, which is a meter reader routine and which is suspended if more than 200 watt-hour interrupts occur.
In FIGS. 10, 11, 12 a System Update Routine is illustrated.
At Step 1 the system examines the watt-hour update counter (WHUC).
At Step 2, if the WHUC is greater than zero, the system goes to an Override Reset Subroutine, and if not to Step 3.
At Step 3 the system increments the RAM watt-hour accumulating register.
At Step 4 the system increments the RAM accumulating register.
At Step 5 the system increments the RAM peak kilowatt demand register.
At Step 6 the system decrements the watt-hour update counter (WHUC) after which the system returns to Step 2.
If WHUC is greater than zero, the system goes to the Override Reset Subroutine which begins at Step 7 where the question is asked: Is the night flag set? for causing energization of a controlled customer load, e.g. a water heater for energizing the water heater.
If the answer is yes, the system knows that it is nighttime and goes on to Step 8, the reset privilege flag step where the override switch is reset to the open position.
If the answer is no, then at Step 9 the question is asked: Is the meter request flag set? and if not, the system goes to Step 8, and if yes, to Step 10.
At Step 10 the question is asked, Is the thermostat closed? If not, the system again goes to Step 8 and if yes, to A in FIG. 11 and Step 11.
At Step 11 the system examines the real time update counter.
At step 12 the real time update counter is examined to see if the count is greater than zero.
If the counter is greater than zero, the routine ends at Step 13 where the system goes to a neutral condition.
If not, at Step 14 the system increments the EAROM updating clock.
After that at Step 15 the EAROM update clock is examined to see whether it is greater or equal to 15.
If not, the system goes to B in FIG. 12.
If yes, the system goes to step 16, in which the EAROM updating clock is cleared.
At step 17, the system adds the RAM watt-hour accumulator register to the EAROM watt-hour accumulator register and goes to step 18, which checks the EAROM error flags.
At step 19, the EAROM data error or power fail timer error is checked, and if there is an error, the system goes to C in FIG. 12.
If not, the system goes to step 20, in which the EAROM real time clock is updated.
From the input B in FIG. 12, the system, at step 21, checks the EAROM error flags as at Step 18.
At Step 22, a check is made for an EAROM data error or power fail timer error as at Step 19.
If there is, the system goes to Step 23 to check if a data error has occurred as it does at C from Step 19. If there are not data errors at Step 24, the address register is updated by default and the system goes to Step 25. If there is a data error at Step 23, the system still goes to Step 25 where the real time update counter is decremented and the system returns to E in FIG. 11 where it repeats Step 12 and checks to see if the real time update counter is greater than zero and if so, the system goes to neutral at Step 13.
Returning to D from FIG. 11 back to D in FIG. 12 at the next Step 26, the system updates the EAROM watt-hour accumulating register.
At Step 27 the EAROM peak kilowatt demand register is updated, if required.
At Step 28 the real time clock is incremented.
At Step 29 a determination is made if the real time clock is greater than or equal to 1440.
If so, the system goes to Step 30 which updates the EAROM calendar.
At Step 31, 1440 is subtracted from the real time clock.
At Step 32, the time related registers and flags are initialized and the system goes to Step 33 as does the NO path from Step 29.
At Step 33 an output latch is updated, and from there the system goes to Steps 29, 12 and 13 and ends.
In FIG. 13, an interrupt routine is shown in which, at Step 1, the watt-hour generator inputs 104 are checked for interrupt.
If so, at Step 2 the system increments the watt-hour update counter and at Step 3, clears the interrupt flag before going on to Step 4.
At Step 4, or if there is no interrupt at Step 1, the system checks an interrupt from the real time clock.
If there is an interrupt, at Step 5 the system increments the real time update counter and then at Step 6 clears the interrupt flag and returns to normal.
Also, if there is no interrupt at Step 4, the system returns to normal.
From the foregoing description, it is apparent that the solid state watt-hour meter 10 of the present invention has a number of advantages, some of which have been described above and others of which are inherent in the invention. For example, the meter 10 has no moving parts, being based on Hall effect technology and can replace the conventional industion watt-hour meters. Additionally, the meter 10 is a "smart" meter incorporating a microprocessor and related parts which can measure watt-hours and peak watts with respect to time and store this information in appropriate time-of-use registers so that electric power is used only when it is most economical to do so. Moreover, the override switch and reset function make it very attractive to consumer customers.
The features of manual readout by eye or automatic readout with the meter reading unit 40, constitute further advantages.
It will also be apparent that many modifications can be made to the meter 10 without departing from the teachings of the present invention. For example, an optical or conventional induction disk watt-hour sensor can be used in place of the Hall effect watt-hour sensor and generator 16. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is only to be limited as necessitated by the accompanying claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text:
Sidewall Tile, V2, 2004
Molded recycled paper.
Gift of MIO. 2005-7-1
Some of the people involved with this object include
- MIO (Manufacturer)
- MIO (Manufacturer)
What is this?
Square tiles embossed to a depth of 2.5 inches. The embossing includes 2 protrusions in alternate corners, one triangular and one rounded. The tiles are a natural brown in color and can be installed in many different patterns on the wall or ceiling. Produced from 100% post and pre-consumer recycled paper.
Why is this in our collection?
Made from 100% pre- and post-consumer recycled materials, the V2 wall tile by MIO is one of the first environmentally-friendly wallcoverings in existence. When the tiles are installed on a wall they can be painted, stenciled, or left in their natural color. These tiles are available in three colors: grey (made from recycled newspaper), white, and brown. When they are no longer needed they can again be recycled. V2 is a clever and versatile design that shows a new use of old materials. It is reminiscent of the embossed papers that began appearing in the late 19th century, only in much higher relief If accepted for acquisition, MIO will provide the museum with a gift of a full carton of 12 tiles. This set of... more
This object has been included in the following exhibitions:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Book flights from Budapest (BUD) to Heraklion (HER)
Flying from Budapest
Flights from Budapest leave from Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (BUD), a modern and convenient travel hub, and Hungary's largest airport. The airport is 16 kilometers away from the city center, and the two terminals, Terminal 2 and 2A, are a short walk apart.
Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Information
Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport was completed in the 1950s, and originally operated solely through the original Terminal 1 building. The airport offers plenty of facilities, including places to get food and drink, a duty-free shop, and other vendors selling goods like tobacco, snacks and Hungarian wine. There are also banking and currency exchange facilities.
Getting to the Airport in Budapest
Between 4:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m. you can catch the 200E bus to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport from both the Kőbánya-Kispest metro terminal and Ferihegy train station. Alternatively, visitors can take the train to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport's deactivated Terminal 1 in Ferihegy, and from there take the local bus to the active terminals. The bus leaves Terminal 1 approximately every ten minutes. A taxi to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport is also an option, and takes around 20 minutes.
Arriving in Heraklion
Book your flights to Heraklion with airberlin and experience this city's charming blend of modern and ancient culture. Heraklion is a vibrant city offering a variety of entertainment options sure to cater to every type of traveler.
First Time in Heraklion
Start by walking along the city's fortified walls, then explore the numerous historic Venetian Era attractions. Be sure to pick up some of the Heraklion's excellent agricultural products, including olive oil, wines, and honey.
Your Heraklion
With plenty of cafés, clubs and beaches, there are many reasons for couples to travel to Heraklion for their honeymoon. Live entertainment, including traditional Cretan music and dance, is very popular after dark, particularly in the harbor area. Conveniently, this spot is also one of the best places to find cheap hotels in Heraklion. With Crete's primary wine-producing region located nearby, Heraklion is the perfect place to indulge in romantic winery tours.
Making the Most of Your Heraklion Holiday
Book tickets to Heraklion in June to catch the Matala Beach Festival, which features a unique musical theme each year. November's unpredictable weather makes it a good time to find great flight deals to Heraklion. Regardless of when you visit, you can count on airberlin to deliver exceptional service to Heraklion.


text: On Tue, Sep 21, 1999 at 11:31:42AM +0200, Marc Espie wrote: > On Mon, Sep 20, 1999 at 12:32:50PM -0600, Ken wrote: > > Greets: > > > > I run both FreeBSD and OpenBSD boxes. My preferred MUA is Mutt. I note > > that the OpenBSD package requires the slang library, while the FreeBSD port > > can utilize either slang or ncurses. I am curious about which would be > > best to use on one of my FreeBSD boxes and why. There must be some reason > > OpenBSD utilizes slang and FreeBSD offers a choice? > > Yep, no one bothered to provide a mutt with ncurses packages. > > It's probably a bad idea anyway, as this would just confuse users :) I compiled mutt against ncurses and have no problems. Any reason you(?) thought slang was necessary? -- David Terrell | firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com Instant Payments... Anytime... Anywhere. | http://www.paypal.com/ PayPal, a free service of Confinity, Inc | http://www.confinity.com/


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Exposure Strada Mk4 Front Light. The Strada has been designed specifically for road riding with wide and flat beam pattern to increase your peripheral vision, lighting up the verge as well as the road. Coupled with…
Exposure Strada Mk4 Front Light. The Strada has been designed specifically for road riding with wide and flat beam pattern to increase your peripheral vision, lighting up the verge as well as the road. Coupled with a remote switch, the Strada's mode can be changed between high and dipped beam safely without taking your hands off the bars. The battery has been upgraded for 2013 and has 50% more capacity and is also 25% brighter than last year.
The 2013 Strada also benefits from the new Optimum Mode Selector technology. OMS, Optimised Mode Selector is a new feature for 2013 and allows you to easily select from a concise number of programs to provide the optimum lighting for your ride. OMS programs enable you to obtain the lights full potential and optimise the output whether it's a three hour night sprint or a week's commuting.
- Light Source:
2 Cree XPG R5 LED's with Road optimised wide flat beam
- Brightness:
Max 800 Lumens
- Power Source:
3 Li-Ion Cells, 8700mAh Lithium Ion battery
- Run Time:
3 – 36hrs (depending on OMS selection)
- Mounting:
Handlebar mount
- Extra Features:
Includes: Remote Switch, Quick Release handlebar bracket and Smart Charger
- Weight:
Customer Reviews
|Product no longer available for purchase
We offer a range of delivery services for our UK and International customers. UK Customers can select our FREE standard delivery option on most non bike orders over £20. Or if you're in a hurry you can upgrade to our Next Day, Saturday or Sunday delivery services. You can also use our free Click & Collect service, where you can collect your purchases from a choice of over 50 Evans Cycles stores. International customers can benefit from FREE delivery on most orders and save UK VAT if we are shipping outside of the EU.
Bike build & delivery
UK bike delivery charge includes assembly by our fully trained mechanics, pre-delivery inspection and safety check, packing in our custom bike box, multi-tool and delivery from only £9.99 per bike.Click here to see how we deliver your bike
Standard, Next Day, Saturday & Sunday UK delivery
We offer a FREE standard delivery service on orders over £20, as well as Next Day, Saturday & Sunday delivery options to UK addresses. Click here for more details
Click & Collect
Using our Click & Collect service your order will be delivered to a choice of over 50 Evans Cycles stores nationwide for collection. This service is FREE of charge for all orders. To check store stock and collection times, use the "Check store stock" button above. Click here for more details
International delivery (Incl BFPO, ROI, Channel Island & Isle of Man)
We offer a FREE delivery service on most International orders. Orders delivered outside the EU are exempt from VAT. To calculate the charges for your order simply add products to your basket and proceed through the checkout process, where you will need to enter your delivery details. Our website will present you with the relevant delivery options and the charges for your basket of goods. Click here for more details.
Easy Returns
Our priority is to ensure that you are highly satisfied with your purchase. In the unlikely event that you are not, please feel free to return your goods within 90 days of the purchase date for a full exchange or refund. Returns can be made in your local store or sent back to our distribution centre.


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PayPal Payflow Pro API
The Payflow Pro API enables users to develop Web and desktop applications that create, schedule, and run standard (pre-defined) and custom Payflow services reports. Payflow Pro is a flexible payment gateway solution that can be used with any internet merchant account to process credit card transactions online. With the API, developers can choose add-on services like recurring billing and fraud protection, and also set up standard and custom reports. The API uses RESTful and SOAP protocol and responses are formatted in XML, JSON or NVP.
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Photo of the Day: QF-16 Drone Arrives for Testing
Tue, 11/27/2012 - 9:51am
The first QF-16 drone arrives at Tyndall Air Force Base, Fla., escorted by a QF-4, on Nov. 19. The QF-16 will undergo developmental testing by Boeing and eventually become part of the 53rd Weapons Evaluation Group. The QF-16 is a supersonic reusable full-scale aerial target drone modified from an F-16 Fighting Falcon. Read the full story here. (U.S. Air Force photo/Chris Cokeing)
For more information visit www.af.mil.


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Your 48-hour fall getaway will be one for the memory books. Experience farms transformed into playgrounds with apple picking, harvest festivals, corn mazes, and hay rides through pumpkin patches. Or perhaps fall leads you to the coast, where migrating fowl are the only crowd you'll find. Whatever you choose, Virginia's scenic roadways will show off the striking natural beauty along the way.
November 10, 2014. In the mountains of Virginia, fall's colors have mellowed to shades of brown, and in many areas, leaves have already dropped. This is the time of year to really appreciate the deep greens of our native conifers against the gray trunks of our deciduous trees. Piedmont areas range from peak leaf season in the south to past peak in the north, with the landscape resembling a rich brocade fabric in tones of gold, rust and deep red. A drive east into the Coastal Plain still reveals a surprising intensity of color. Shades of gold are broken by occasional oranges and subdued reds for a nice contrast.
Read more.
Read the Shenandoah National Park Leaf Report (11/7/14)
Fall is a romantic season in Virginia. Take a nice drive, a crisp walk, and enjoy your time together. LOVE lives in Virginia.
From the mountains to the shore you'll find the perfect wine-themed getaway. Virginia's wineries number nearly 200, and they're all great!
A rainy day every now and again is inevitable. Don't let it spoil your vacation. Embrace it! 1. GO TO A THEME PARK Seriously. ...
A family vacation is all about memory-making, right? The old saying goes, "The family that plays together stays together," but ...
Continuing our interstate dining option journey, this article offers four-star dining options (as rated on Yelp) from Interstate 95 in ...
Delicate habitats are to be treasured, not trampled on, and only 21 Virginia Natural Area Preserves offer public access. Tread lightly, ...
Each week, four Virginia bands will battle it out for a chance to play the Lockn' Music Festival in September. Rockn' to Lockn' is a . . .
Order your Free Virginia Travel Guide.
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For an up-to-date report on fall color, call the Fall Foliage Hotline:1-800-424-LOVE
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text: On Tue, Jul 08, 2003 at 01:30:21AM -0600, Lucas Reddinger wrote: > > p.s. I am having additional trouble because I only > know how to touchtype dvorak, and my keyboard > isn't labeled! > see pckbd(4) and wsconsctl(8). Or FAQ 7.1. jmc. -- Surprising Auld Nick's a good start.


text:
Betsey Johnson Mesh Bump M'Up Bra 723236SKU: #7915391
Product Information
- Betsey Johnson Intimates Size Guide
- Enhance your natural beauty with this stylish Betsey Johnson™ bra.
- Contoured underwire cups boast a graduated 'bump' pad for a seductive boost.
- Alluring allover print beautifies the cups and sheer mesh wings.
- Deep plunge neckline.
- Beautiful bows accent the base of the adjustable straps.
- Shoulder straps boast a back J-hook for convertible wear to a racerback.
- Three-column and two-row hook-and-eye closure.
- Style #723236.
- 94% nylon, 6% spandex.
- Hand wash cold, line dry.
- Imported.
- If you're not fully satisfied with your purchase, you are welcome to return any unworn and unwashed items with tags intact and original packaging included.


text:
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Reminiscent of seating you'd find in an upscale English country pub, this barstool has an amply padded leather-upholstered seat and nail-head trim.


text:
A revolutionary spin on the traditional top load
4.1 cu. ft. Large Capacity Top Load Washer with Sleek Easy Front Control Panel
- Ultra large 4.1 cu.ft. Capacity
- Direct Drive Motor 10 Year Manufacturer's Limited Warranty
- Easy Front Control Panel with LED Display
- ColdWash™ Technology
$699.99Suggested Price
Ask Your Questions, Share Your Answers
Ask your questions. Share your answers.
I guess what I am really wondering is if this washer allows for adjusting load size.
Single items or large single items will have trouble spinning.
You can not adjust the load size unfortunately. It's also just me and my hubs and we run into the same problem. I try to justify the water waste with the energy savings :/ or clean not so dirty items to fill the drum up a bit.
thank you for your question,
That is absolutely no problem at all :) You can wash small / very small loads with this washer.
We appreciate your feedback, please give us a "thumbs up" if this answer is helpful to you; and please let us know if we can assist you with anything else.
Have a lovely week!
Always Off Balance Cycles
It has never been able to complete a cycle without going off balance - "UE".
I always have to power it off and select a plain rinse cycle to rinse the clothes then remove the clothes after the spin and just before it goes "UE".
Is this a known issue with this washer ?
If so, what can be done to fix it ?
Thank you
The machine is level itself, so there must be an issue with the unit.
How long should it take to wash my clothes
It apperas that water would just roll of and you can dry the panel off.
You Might Also Be Interested In
7.3 cu. ft. Ultra Large Capacity Dryer with Sleek Contemporary Design (Electric)
$69999Suggested PriceWhere To Buy
7.3 cu. ft. Ultra Large Capacity Top Load Dryer with Sleek Contemporary Design (Gas)
4.3 cu. ft. Ultra Large Capacity Top Load Washer with Front Control Design and WaveForce™ Technology
4.3 cu. ft. Ultra Large Capacity Top Load Washer with Front Control Design and WaveForce™ Technology
4.5 cu. ft. Ultra Large Capacity Top Load Washer Featuring Powerful StainCare™ Technology
4.7 cu. ft. Ultra Large Capacity High Efficiency Top Load Washer with WaveForce™
Talk About Clean Design!
Style is top priority in our newest top-load washer, and it shows …from every sleek point of view. Instead of clunky knobs and hard-to-reach dials, there's an Easy Front Control Panel. The bright LED display makes it a breeze to enter washing settings with accuracy. And with its ultra-large 4.1 cu. ft. capacity, the inside story is just as impressive. Count on the washing performance and energy efficiency of ColdWash™ technology. And count on real dependability, thanks to LG's Direct Drive Motor Limited 10 Year Warranty.


text:
Tuesday, October 5, 2004
© Copyright 2015 Clayton News Daily
By Doug GormanWhen Clayton College and State University men's basketball coach Gordon Gibbons arrived on the Morrow campus four years ago, he talked about turning the Lakers into a national Division II power. If the so-called experts are correct, Clayton State might just be on the verge of fulfilling one of Gibbons' first goals. Street and Smith, a nationally known preseason college basketball magazine, has ranked Clayton State 9th in its annual Division II preseason poll. It's the highest preseason ranking school history. A year ago, Gibbons' club finished with a 22-8 overall record, and now, with a veteran group of starters returning to the lineup and a top-notch recruiting class ready to contribute, the Lakers are hoping to compete for a Peach Belt title and a spot at the national tourney. The Lakers join fellow Peach Belt Conference rival and defending NCAA Division II national champion Kennesaw State in the preseason rankings. The Owls enter the preseason ranked fourth. "I like being nationally ranked," said Gibbons, who will officially start his fourth basketball season with the Lakers a week from Friday when the team holds its first practice. "When you are a high level NCAA Division II team, people know who your are when you get ranked. That was my goal when I came here." Gibbons had an immediate impact on the Clayton State basketball team when he took over four seasons ago, leading the team to a Peach Belt Conference regular-season title in his first season. His club has won 58 games during the last three seasons. Last season Gibbons won his 300th game as a Division II coach. Senior center B.J. Puckett is listed as an All-America candidate by the magazine and is one of the Lakers key returning starters. A year ago, Puckett averaged 12.5 points per game and pulled down just over 6 rebounds. Senior Craig Butts, a returning starter at forward for the Lakers, started all 30 games last season, averaging 12.2 points per game and 7.1 rebounds. Darrien Chavis averaged 9.5 points per game and finished with 12 double-figure games. Sophomore Aristide Sawandogo is back for his second season with the Lakers. The native of Burkina Fasco, Africa was still learning the college game last year, but with his 7-foot-1-inch frame, he is expected to have more of an impact this year. Gibbons also signed three players with impressive basketball resumes, including former Lovejoy standout Michael Sloan. Sloan helped the Wildcats to three straight trips to the state tournament, and finished second in career scoring behind Jason Floyd, who played at Georgia Tech. Also signing was T.J. Weldon, a Division I transfer from Old Dominion, and Maxi Rios from Agentina. With Kennesaw winning the NCAA Division II title, and Clayton State nationally ranked, Gibbons said he believes the Peach Belt Conference has risen to a level of national respect. "I think we have surpassed some of the other leagues in the time I have been here, Gibbons said."There have been some excellent coaching hires, and with what Kennesaw State did, that says it all about this league as a basketball conference.." Clayton State opens its season with a an exhibition game against Baseline on November 1, and then begins playing games that count in the standings later in the month when it plays is the Disney Tipoff Classic in Orlando.
More like this story
- CSU women begin season ranked 13th ( November 5, 2009 )
- They're going to Disney World ( November 10, 2004 )
- CSU women begin season ranked 13th ( November 4, 2009 )
- CCSU picked third in PBC poll ( October 16, 2003 )
- Clayton State ranked ninth in preseason tennis poll ( December 22, 2010 )


text:
Drainage and pavement improvements are under way on Nottingham Lane in Lincolnshire. Patching, driveway repairs and manhole work are planned. Lincolnshire was among the communities badly hit by flooding this past spring.
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text:
Red Velvet Lover's Cookbook
Harroun's cookbook is more than just a collection of recipes—she explores the intricacy and mystery of red velvet's unique color, texture, and roots. Most would expect a... Read More
Harroun's cookbook is more than just a collection of recipes—she explores the intricacy and mystery of red velvet's unique color, texture, and roots. Most would expect a... Read More
A veteran cookbook author brings ease to the kitchen with an expert hand. A revision of her earlier collection, One-Dish Vegetarian Meals, Robin Robertson's latest venture... Read More
To sell her readers on vinaigrettes and dressings, Michele Jordan must first sell salad, and she does so with a poet's flair: "From a few leaves of just-picked lettuces damp... Read More
Angelina Jolie, Sandra Bullock, and Hugh Jackman all bravely bring something once hidden into the light: adoption. They aren't alone. Celebrities who proudly adopt mirror a... Read More
The vast majority of the hundreds of books about sushi available to readers in English seek to simplify the complexities of this cuisine. This author assumes that his readers... Read More
Does anyone really plan a Memorial Day picnic six weeks ahead? The author, the self-proclaimed "Diva of Do-Ahead," does, and says that her foresight helps overcome the... Read More
Dietary principles can be confusing. Some vegetarians don't consume animal flesh; some (ovo-lacto vegetarians) will eat eggs and dairy products; others (pesco-vegetarians)... Read More
"The reality is that you don't have to be a domestic goddess or fantasy grandmother to make these desserts." Supporting this claim with one hundred inviting recipes for... Read More
Abadi is of the new generation of Jews who share and celebrate their heritage with others. Her guardian angel of cooking is Grandmother Fritzie. Abadi dedicates her book to this... Read More
Vegetarians have been perceived as the Calvinists of the culinary world. Their ascetic approach to food is taken as an affront to the high partisans of meat eating. Vegetarians... Read More
With this cookbook the Marianis put Americans on notice that Italian-American food is no longer the homey red-checkered-tablecloth-with-wax-dripped-Chianti-bottle and red sauce.... Read More
Although McLaughlin's book arrives in the peak of summer, it's destined for year-round discovery and inspiration. His background as a chef and restaurateur in the Southwest... Read More


text:
Johnson Creek Smoke Juice Reviews continue…
UPDATED: January 8th, 2013 – This review has been updated to reflect the new Spinfuel Choice Awards! Several of Johnson Creek's Smoke Juice flavors have earned across-the-board 5 Star ratings from the Spinfuel Review Team. As such, these flavors have each earned their own Choice Award. Read more about the Spinfuel Choice Awards Here.
(Note* Our July is eJuice Month Celebration continues with Johnson Creek, our 2nd American Made Smoke Juice Review. We've included the newest juice from JC, Silverthorn, despite having published our first impressions yesterday)
Every eCigarette user, reseller and manufacturer knows the Johnson Creek name. Its reputation is stellar, the quality is unsurpassed, and they are the "standard" by which all other juice companies aspire. To put it in the simplest terms, Johnson Creek is the premier American Made and American manufactured smoke juice company.
To celebrate 'July is e-Juice Month' without writing about Johnson Creek would be like writing about the Founding Fathers of the United States and leaving out George Washington.
Despite its position in the marketplace as the #1 e-liquid manufacturer, and despite being the e-liquid used in the creation of the entire range of prefilled cartomizers for Blu Cigs, Johnson Creek is still a young company. (Heck, the entire eCigarette industry is still in its infancy) With just a handful of dedicated and passionate people Johnson Creek is the most respected "juice" company in our industry.
Where Do We Begin?
Johnson Creek set the standard in the smoke juice market by being the first to willingly publish their smoke juice ingredients online, to post the official analysis of their juice online, to dedicate themselves to using only the purest ingredients, to guarantee that you, the end-user, would be the first human to touch the juice they make, and thereby putting cross-contamination concerns to a rest. That's just the beginning.
Johnson Creek is an American Success Story, from beginning to end. Each juice is created in-house by their talented and dedicated team. Relentless testing, tweaking, and testing again, shows how much they care not only in each juice they create and release to their customers, but to the entire eCigarette industry and the millions of people worldwide that use their smoke juice.
Johnson Creek Smoke Juice Ingredients – Original Line
- USP grade Propylene Glycol
- FCC grade Vegetable Glycerin
- Food-grade Glycerol
- Distilled water
- Nicotine (except in Zero Nic juices)
- Natural Flavors
- Artificial flavors
- Citric Acid (used as a natural preservative in the juice)
Johnson Creek Smoke Juice Ingredients – Red Oak Line
- FCC grade Vegetable Glycerin
- Food-grade Glycerol
- Distilled water
- Nicotine (except in Zero Nic juices)
- Natural Flavors
- Artificial flavors
- Citric Acid (used as a natural preservative in the juice)
- 100% free of Propylene Glycol
Nicotine Levels
The nicotine levels in all of Johnson Creek Smoke Juice are available in;
- 0.0%
- 1.1%
- 1.8%
- 2.4%
Currently, their Smoke Juice is available in 15ML and 30ML sizes, each come in an amber glass bottle. Sample sizes (3ML) are also available in their variety tins.
Original Line and Red Oak
Propylene Glycol (PG) vs. Vegetable Glycerin (VG)
PG is the ingredient in most eJuice recipes that produces vapor. Propylene Glycol is on the FDA's list of substances generally recognized to be safe for human consumption. VG is a natural substance that produces more vapor than PG; it's a little thicker, and tends to be a bit less sweet than PG.
Johnson Creek offers two distinct lines of smoke juice. Their Original Line is a wonderful PG-based smoke juice, providing a tremendous amount of flavor, a great throat hit, and good vapor. The Johnson Creek Red Oak line is a VG-based smoke juice which provides a tremendous amount of vapor, sweet(er) flavors, and produces a juice that's a bit thicker than PG-based juice.
The majority of eCig users vape a mixture a PG and VG all the time without any ill effects.
However, there are a small number of people that show slight reactions to PG-based juice. That being the case Johnson Creek has developed an entire line of "strictly VG" smoke juice that produces excellent flavors and thick and luscious clouds of vapor juice, albeit with a bit less throat hit.
We here at Spinfuel eCigs Magazine have enjoyed both their Original and Red Oak line of smoke juice and find it difficult to choose between the two. If you are new to Johnson Creek Smoke Juice we highly recommend ordering a sample tin from each line (Original PG-based and Red Oak VG-based) so that you can sample both lines and discover which one if for you.
The Rundown – Flavor by Flavor
The Original Line – PG-based
JC Original – Johnson Creek's first foray into the ejuice business is known as "JC Original" and is still a favorite of many, myself included. This everyday all-day juice is one of the best out there. A mellow, smooth smoke juice with a deep, rich tobacco flavoring. This is the one juice that fills up most of my Johnson Creek Vea cartomizers. (well, it did until Silverthorn came along) – 5 Stars
Tom: While this is a favorite of many, it's a tad too sweet for me as an everyday vape. I like it, but prefer Domestic, still, this is an excellent smoke juice. 5 Stars
Chelsey: Nonsense Tom! JC Original is terrific. John has it right. A Deep, rich tobacco flavoring, with a nice throat hit. Try this flavor with my Storm 2.0 by Vapor King. Amazing vapor and flavor – 5 Stars easily
Lisa: As much as I like JC Original, I understand why Johnson Creek developed Domestic and TN Cured. Original is a great vape, but I prefer something little sweeter, for me that would be TN Cured. (PG) 5 Stars
Jon Locke: Original is good. Very good. Even the throat hit is just about perfect, and just the right amount of vapor. However, Domestic and TN Cured are both better. 3 Stars (3 stars? Really? Wow – ed)
Spiced Apple Cider: Lots of juice companies make an Apple flavored juice, some are successful, some are not. Johnson Creek is nearly perfect. Sweet apple flavors, a dash of cinnamon that you can actually taste, this smoke juice tells a story. It's not Christmas in July or anything, but I'll be damned if it didn't remind me of Christmas every time I vape this.
Tom: I'm a tobacco guy, not much for sweet, sweet stuff. So I approached Spiced Apple Cider with some trepidation. It IS sweet, but because of a bit of tobacco flavor coming through it is definitely in my rotation. As a sweet juice, this is a 5 star flavor. As a flavor that I would vape all day…? 5 stars
Chelsey: I agree. The taste of sweet apples comes through quite a bit. Definitely not one that I'll vape everyday (there are only so many hours in the day) but certainly a highly recommended flavor for anyone looking for a good apple flavored vape. 5 Stars
Lisa: I taste the 'spiced' in spiced apple quite a bit. I like this one. Do I love it? Not so much. 5 stars
Jon Locke: This isn't the only time I vaped Spiced Apple. It's already in my rotation. So definitely 5 stars from me. This is a nice, sweet, apple flavored juice.
Tennessee Cured: No doubt a less sweet tobacco flavor (less sweet than JC Original but a whole lot sweeter than the new Silverthorn) TN Cured a very rich, very deep smoky tobacco. One of my favorite JC flavors, just ask Wendy. 5 Stars easily.
Tom: TN Cured is one of the best tobacco flavors around. (Although I agree with John, Silverthorn has taken the top spot for me as well) A little less sweet than Original but it makes up for it by being so damned rich and smooth. 5 Stars
Chelsey: As a tobacco vape TN Cured is very nice. I like the Smokey tones to this one, an excellent flavor. 5 Stars
Lisa: If I was going to vape a tobacco flavored smoke juice it would be TN Cured (or Domestic). I guess I agree with most, a Smokey (there is no better word to describe it) flavor and very rich. 5 Stars for Smokey.
Jon Locke: There is a reason JC Original is such a popular flavor, because its both sweet and tobacco-y. TN Cured is less sweet and a lot more Smokey (yes, a good descriptor). This one makes me feel relaxed, stress free. I haven't a clue as to why. 5 Stars
French Vanilla: Most Vanilla flavored smoke juices are way too sweet. I think a lot of brands like to throw vanilla around. But JC seemed to have pulled off something special here. Not a vanilla desert flavor, but rather a vanilla-tobacco flavor, which is very nice. I'm not a fan of vanilla really, as an accent its great but as the main ingredient? Too overpowering. This walks that fine line. 5 Stars
Tom: I didn't know you do half-stars! That changes things John. Okay, Vanilla. Way too sweet for me, but you're right, its not a desert vape, its better. Because JC was wise enough to make this a vanilla-tobacco vape I'm going with 5 Stars too!
Chelsey: One of my very favorite JC flavors! I love vanilla, in anything. I agree that 'tobacco relationship' is nice. I would vape this daily, during the day, but something sweeter at night. 5 Stars
Lisa: Vanilla pops up a lot in smoke juice made elsewhere. Sometimes it's way to sweet. JC does this right. I like it. 5 Stars
Jon Locke: So, I guess everybody feels the same way about this being a vanilla-tobacco juice instead of a desert juice. My feelings exactly. 5 Stars
Arctic Menthol: Most menthol blends are unique from one another. Either overpoweringly icy or cough drop syrupy and cool. JC doesn't let the menthol get away, and it brings it back to earth with a tobacco flavor, and sweet peppermint. This is the only menthol I would vape regularly. 5 Stars
Tom: I don't vape menthol a lot; I don't think any of us do. But this is not an overpowering menthol. I could see myself adding this to my weekly schedule. Will I do it? Maybe. 4 Stars
Chelsey: I didn't say a word about this flavor for almost a half hour. I just vaped it quietly, trying to determine what it was I was tasting. Cool? Yes, but more than that. A sweet menthol, peppermint flavoring in there. I like it. 5 Stars
Lisa: The best thing about this flavor is the peppermint. Menthol is hard to like, so JC was wise to make this a tobacco/peppermint marriage. I like it. 4 Stars
Jon Locke: If you're going to vape a menthol it should be something like this, if not this exactly. Arctic Menthol is a cool vape without being cough syrup sickly. 5 Stars for achievement!
Espresso: I've been vaping JC Espresso quite a bit. I've must of gone through 4 or 5 bottles since April. I love it by itself, and I love to mix this with Domestic. I've been wanting to do a Espresso/Domestic/Chocolate mix for a while. Vaping it for this review makes me think I just might do it soon. 5 Stars


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The Seconds series from designer Jason Miller challenges the rules surrounding modern day consumer items. Do decorations always need to be centered? Is a whole bird better than half? These elegant mistakes are artfully and carefully applied to this set of four dinner plates, each with an alluring wrap-around design.
Set of 4 dinner plates. Jason Miller was named "Designer of the Year" by the Brooklyn Museum in 2010. His work is a part of the permanent collection of the Museum of Arts and Design, the Corning Museum of Glass and the Brooklyn Museum. Miller has worked as a studio assistant for Jeff Koons and as an art director for Oglivy and Mather.
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(based on 1 review)
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Great board for the money
By truk
from oregon
About Me Intermediate
Best Uses
Comments about Hyperlite Co Ex Wakesurf Board - Blem 2010:
Bought the board as an inbetweener. 10 and 14yr olds got up easy and were able to freeride with ease. they had trouble generating speed however. on the other hand, at 190#s i was able to get decent speed, but need a larger wake to freeride. our 24ve with stock ballast is just not cutting it.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Our Work
Field OfficesBlog
Balloting & Electoral ServicesContact Us
The Interim Political Authority Act of 1998 was created to establish an authority to facilitate and promote, in conjunction with the legislative and executive structures in Lesotho, the preparations for the holding of general elections. The primary function of the IPA is to create and promote conditions conducive to the holding of free and fair elections and to level the playing field for all political parties and candidates. These conditions also include the establishment of a new electoral system.
The IPA consists of representatives from the following political parties: LCD, BCP, BNP, MFP, Sefate Democratic Union (SDU), National Progressive Party (NPP), Popular Front for Democracy (PFD), Kopanang Basotho Party (KBP), Lesotho Labour Party / United Democratic Party (LLP/UDP), Lesotho Education Party (LEP), Christian Democratic Party (CDP), and National Independence Party (NIP). Each party has two members on the IPA, bringing the total membership to 24.
The IPA has the power to review the constitution, the IEC, the Lesotho electoral system and the Electoral Code of Conduct and to make appropriate recommendations to the relevant public institutions on its structures and functions with a view to making it more democratic and representative of the people of Lesotho. Theoretically, decisions of the IPA are binding on all political parties and candidates participating in the elections.
It remains to be seen whether the IPA will be successful in their attempt to reach agreement on the creation of conditions conducive to free and fair elections.
Section 66(1) of the constitution, as amended in 1997, provides for the establishment of an Independent Electoral Commission (IEC). The IEC consists of three members appointed by the King upon advice of the State Council. The IEC's purpose is to ensure that elections are held regularly, freely and fairly. Moreover, it is responsible for organising, conducting and supervising elections, delimiting constituency boundaries, registering voters and conducting voter education.
The autonomy of the IEC is disputed amongst opposition parties. Although section 66c of the constitution, states that the IEC shall not be subject to the direction or control of any person or authority, the IEC is funded by and accountable to Parliament. Moreover, the Minister of Law and Constitutional Affairs regulates any legislation that pertains to the IEC.
The current IEC is comprised of three new members appointed in April 2000: Abel Leshele Thoahlane (Chair), Mafole Sematlane and Mokhele Rantsie Likate. The Director of Elections is Khothatso Ralitsie.
The IEC is faced with a difficult three-way balancing act. First, the IEC must ensure that its own house is in order. To this end, the IEC has recently undertaken an organisational audit to prepare itself for the elections, whatever the outcome of the long-awaited political settlement. Second, the IEC must also not be seen to run too far ahead of the pack, and must be prepared to accommodate the decisions of the IPA and the government. Third, this three-way act is itself unfolding against the backdrop of an international donor community, South Africa and SADC, anxious to avoid a repeat of the 1998 post-election strife.
Most analysts ascribe Lesotho's problems to its FPTP electoral system. Matlosa believes that had Lesotho adopted either a proportional representation (PR) or a mixture of PR and FPTP electoral systems after independence in 1966, participation and representation would have been engrained in the political culture of Lesotho. Thus, political parties would have been able to form coalitions and alliances and in so doing would have instilled a political arena of cooperation and legitimacy (Matlosa 1999).
In order for the 2001 election results to be accepted it is imperative that Lesotho build legitimacy for its electoral system to broaden participation in the political system and encourage effective parliamentary opposition. A PR or a mixed PR and FPTP electoral would ensure the relative stability of the political system based upon a multi-party parliament with opposition parties participating constructively in the process of governance. Most importantly, the people of Lesotho must feel that their political representatives have been elected in properly conducted elections. In the absence of this consensus building around the electoral process, any outcome is likely to be greeted with scepticism or rejection.
ALL AFRICA 2000a, 31 October.
ALL AFRICA 2000b, 24 October.
CNN 1998, 24 September.
MATLOSA, K 1999 "Elections and Election Administration", EISA.


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"Fast Eddie" Maher Will Be Deported
Categories: Crime, Follow That Story
|Edward Maher as he appears today, at the age of 56.
Maher's original crime was the theft of $1.5 million in an armored car robbery in Felixstowe, England; he was working as a security guard for the company transporting the money, and the truck, the money and Maher all disappeared at the same time. For almost two decades, it appeared he'd committed the perfect crime. His daughter-in-law eventually tipped off the Ozark police that John Maher was actually the fugitive Eddie Maher.
The whereabouts of the money have yet to be determined. Maher was supporting himself as a cable TV installer, and he's asked for a court-appointed attorney to handle his American charges (illegal purchase of firearms under a false name). There is no timetable yet for Maher's deportation, which he is not fighting.
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Kitty Korner
Rose Mary Budge has spent more than a decade with her kitties Gatito, Tony and Missy. They blog about the joys and challenges of the human/feline relationship.
Monthly Archive for April, 2008
Long live the king!
His Royal Highness El Rey Gato, Fiesta's pussycat king, weighs in at 18 pounds, is robed in furry raiment and has a handsome train (truth is, it's a tail). Otherwise known as King Louie the First, he rules the heart and household of Anna-Laura Howell, president of the Animal Defense League's board of directors and […] [Read More]
Music to my ears
Puh. Puh. Purra. PURRRR! Maestro Tony Budge is tuning up for his evening's "purr-formance." The overture is impressive and the symphonic crescendo, a fur-raising masterpiece. Speaking of purring, did you know that the pussycat art has puzzled scientific minds for centuries? Once researchers were inclined to think the mysterious melody came from a sort of […] [Read More]
60 minutes with Salsa
With her big blue eyes, long lashes, creamy-colored coat and pink rhinestone-studded collar, Salsa is one cute cat. But as Gatito the Roving Reporter found out the other day, good looks are just part of the saucy celebrity's charm. She's deeply concerned with the serious issues: pet adoption, spaying/neutering, shelter conditions, the no-kill initiative and […] [Read More]


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Suitcase for a rich gentleman
Click thumbnails for expanded view.
- $800.00
- Quantity Available: 1
Suitcase for a rich gentleman. The outside is looking a bit shabby, but it has been traveling. The inside is with some red fabric, that looks like leather, but I do not think that that is so. At the left are 7 hand bevelled bottles. The 5 in the middle have silver tops. The other 2 have chromed tops. Of one of them the chrome is not so good anymore. Under the bottles there is an inkwell and a shifter. Both have at the side under the red fabric a small button and if you press that they spring open. Do not try to open them in another way, because then you might damage them. At the right there are 2 hand bevelled bottles with chromed tops and 3 ivory brushes. The 2 large ivory brushes are 12.4 centimeter by 6.6 centimeter. The other one is 15 centimeter by 3 centimeter. The brushes alone must have been quite expensive. At the back there are: a mirror, a cigar case, a box, something that contains now only a nail vile with an ivory handle. In the lid of the suitcase there is : a broken comb of material that I can not recognize,2 large boot hooks with ivory handles, an ivory letter opener, something to sharpen razor blades, a small bag that contains a small book with paper and an ivory pen holder and an ivory pencil. Further the suitcase is containing a round glass box with a chromed lid and a metal box that should contain shaving soap, but what contains now some weird stuf. In the lid is written : PORTMANTEAU MANUFACTURER FISHER I B B STRAND LONDON ESTd 1838. So Fisher is the company who made this whole thing. The suitcase is 68 centimeter by 40 centimeter and 20 centimeter deep. It is extremely heavy, but I think that the guy, who owned it, had a butler for that. It weighs almost 15 kilogram. In case of interest there are more pictures available.
Amsterdam Artiques & Collectibles,& Coffee Shop
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Item Details:
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- 19th century
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Application to the Minor in Speech and Hearing Sciences
We appreciate your interest in the Minor in Speech and Hearing Sciences. For information on the minor, see the advising sheet.
Instructions to apply for the Minor:
Navigate to https://apply.unc.edu/onlapp
Log in with your onyen
Click Apply Online button
For program of study, select "Undergraduate Program"
For entry type, select "Current UNC-Chapel Hill Student"
For program, select "Speech & Hearing Sciences Minor"
Select Term of Entry (Spring 2015)
Select Deadline (October 6)
Confirm application selection
Complete all parts of the application
The application is brief, including questions about your Major, other Minor(s), GPA, and grades for SPHS courses already taken (if any). In addition, you will write a brief statement (<= 500 words) about why you are interested in studying Speech and Hearing Sciences. Admissions decisions will be based on a combination of factors, including overall GPA, grades in SPHS courses, and the personal statement. If you feel you need to explain any extenuating circumstances related to your grades or GPA, you may use part of the personal statement to do so.
Applications are due by 12:00 AM on October 6, 2014. Applicants will be notified of decisions in time to register for Spring courses in Speech and Hearing Sciences.


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The Atlas of Migration in Europe, published in English for the first time, is a critical analysis of political asylum and immigration in the European Union over recent years. It bears witness to the dramatic and tragic events on Europe's borders.
Each year, hundreds of migrants die by drowning or exhaustion, trapped at sea in boats that are unsuitable and overloaded. Seeking to flee countries in crisis or war, these people are not able to travel legally because of the enhanced surveillance of European borders, especially in the south and east. International law is often applied in a highly restrictive manner, or denied altogether. This leaves migrants in an almost impossible situation.
The atlas addresses:
• Globalisation and migration flows
• Increased protectionism in controls on international migration
• The establishment of asylum and immigration at the heart of European politics
• The consequences of migration controls and the threats to fundamental rights
Since the mid-1980s, European countries have been strengthening immigration controls at their borders as well as in countries from which and through which migrants travel. This has the effect of making journeys extremely dangerous and assigning some of the poorest people on the planet to house arrest. The current situation does not seem likely to improve without significant changes in policy and rhetoric. The militarization of borders and the strengthening of controls appear to be the only reactions of politicians in need of solutions.
The text is enhanced with maps, charts and photographs throughout. For each of the themes, the Atlas brings together more than a hundred maps, graphics, texts, photographs: documents that allow us to understand how borders shift and are 'outsourced'; to view the control infrastructure and illustrate the security development of migration in Europe and beyond.
Format: Paperback
Dimensions: 296 x 210mm
Page extent: 152
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See definition in Oxford Advanced Learner's DictionaryLine breaks: shoot¦er
Pronunciation: /ˈʃuːtə/
Definition of shooter in English:
1A person who uses a gun either regularly or on a particular occasion: a revolver in a broad range of calibres to meet the needs of every shooter the shooter fires at a rabbit
More example sentences
- This type of rifle has proven surprisingly popular with regular shooters as well.
- The shooter was a former office employee who was fired about a year ago.
- Within moments, a police officer on duty fired from the floor of the Council chamber at the shooter in the balcony.
1.1 informal A gun: he asks what I have in my carrier bag and I tell him it's a shooter
More example sentences
- I took a step towards him and pointed the shooter at his ear.
- No one seemed to know anything about his background but there were rumours that he carried a shooter.
- The craft of burglary as I was taught it was essentially non-violent, the art was always making sure it remained so, which is why I never carried a shooter.
1.2A type of video game in which the main objective is to shoot at enemies or other targets: a futuristic sci-fi shooter
More example sentences
- This is shaping up to be the antidote for anyone sick and tired of modern combat shooters.
- Quality: Just-average WWII shooter, violent and bloody.
- Playing video games, including violent shooters, may boost children's learning, health and social skills, according to a review.
2A member of a team in games such as netball and basketball whose role is to attempt to score goals: the visiting shooter hit excellent form during the second quarter
More example sentences
- The game became a battle of tight defence over all court positions with immense pressure being applied to the goal shooters of both teams.
- Not much of a shooter, he scores about 10 points less per game then his predecessor used to.
- Have the shooters approach the basket as fast as possible (without losing control of the ball!).
2.1A person who throws a dice: he requests the shooter to throw the dice against the rail
More example sentences
- Most players wager with the shooter and with the dice.
- Would you rather put your money, or increase your bet on a shooter who throws at random, or one with at least a modicum of control?
- Otherwise, the come-out roll becomes the point and you are gambling on whether the shooter will subsequently throw the point or a seven first.
3 Cricket A bowled ball that moves rapidly along the ground after pitching.
Example sentences
- No chance of keeping out a shooter which took off stump.
4 informal , chiefly North American A small alcoholic drink, especially of spirits: geez, he could use a shooter of whiskey
More example sentences
- While perusing the menu, Ritchie offered us an Elvis drink, a vodka and grape drink shooter.
- I divided the drink among four glasses, explained to the guys what I'd been up too, and we downed the new drink as shooters.
- Disappointed that we had missed a good evening of free drinking, we decided to go to my friends' place of work, where I drank a plethora of shooters, several mixed drinks and a beer.
Words that rhyme with shooteraccoutre (US accouter), commuter, computer, disputer, looter, neuter, pewter, polluter, recruiter, refuter, rooter, saluter, scooter, souter, suitor, tooter, transmuter, tutor, uprooter
Definition of shooter in:
- US English dictionary
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Kid Rock Assaults Woman Who Refused Sexy-Time
Woman alleges Kid became violent because she wouldn't stay the night with him. [The Macomb Daily]
Man claims he was fired after questioning a sexual harassment incident involving the music legend. [TMZ]
Yet Another Brangelina Adoption Is Official
Jolie took home her new three-year-old Vietnamese son on Thursday. [Us Online]
Tracy Morgan's Craziest Rant Ever
Not as funny as 30 Rock, but twice as good as The Tracy Morgan Show. [College Humor]
Out of Prison, Lohan's Dad Wants to Make Up
Daddy: "When she sees I'm walking the walk, I'm hopeful she'll open the door." [CNN]