text:
An anti-tack composition and method based on a kaolin clay/nonionic surfactant of intermediate HLB is disclosed where the surfactant is preferably an ethoxylated, acetylenic diol or octylphenal.
1. An anti-tack composition consisting essentially of kaolin clay and a nonionic surfactant having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of from 5.0 to 11.0, said nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated acetylenic diols and ethoxylated octylphenols and wherein said composition is 0.05% to 0.4% by weight of surfactant based on weight of dry clay.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a 60 to 70% slurry of solids in water.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a spray-dried product.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the HLB is 8.0.
5. The composition of claim 2, when HLB is 8.0.
6. The composition of claim 2, wherein the Brookfield viscosity is less than 150 CPS.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of an 8 to 22% slurry of solids.
8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the HLB is 8.0.
9. The composition of claim 7, wherein the surfactant is an ethoxylated acetylenic diol with an HLB of 8.0, the slurry concentration is 8% and the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.3% of the clay, based on weight of dry clay.
10. A method of reducing the tack of uncured rubber compounds comprising:
(a) treating kaolin clay with from 0.05 to 1.0% by weight (based on dry clay weight) of a nonionic surfactant having a hydrophile-lipophile balance form 5.0 to 11.0 selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated acetylenic diols and ethoxylated octylphenols, and
(b) contacting the surface of said rubber compounds with an aqueous slurry of the composition of step (a) for at least 5 seconds to provide a coating pickup value of said composition of 2.0% or less by weight.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the composition of step (a) is added to water to yield a slurry of from 60 to 70% solids.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the slurry is spray dried, the dried product reslurried to an 8 to 22% solids slurry and said resulting reslurry contacted with the rubber compounds.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the slurry is adjusted to provide an adjusted slurry solids of approximately 62% and said adjusted slurry is used to spray coat an uncured rubber compound.
In general, the present invention relates to anti-tack agents and more specifically to surfactant treated clays useful as anti-tack agents for uncured rubber compounds.
In the manufacture of finished rubber goods, an important intermediate process step involves the application of an anti-tack agent. The anti-tack agents are used to prevent the sticking together of compounded, uncured rubber pieces which often come into contact with one another. The rubber compound may be in the form of large sheets, that are often intentionally stacked on pallets as interim storage for the next manufacturing step, or may consist as small pellets/granules of rubber. In either case, it is more desirable to prevent these rubber materials from sticking together as adhesion can result in non-processable compound that usually becomes waste product.
Anti-tack agents for rubber have been traditionally applied in one of two general fashions to the rubber stock, which include wet and dry dusting type processes respectively. The anti-tack agents of the present invention deals specifically with nonionic surfactant treated clays useful in reducing surface tack when applied to rubber stock as an aqueous clay slurry. It is well known to those skilled in the art, that mineral based slurries can be applied to rubber stock to yield a thin, detackifying coating on the surface. Such mineral based slurries have been applied to rubber stock by means of a dip tank (generally referred to in the industry as slab-dip) or by spray coating on the mineral slurry via some liquid atomization device. Minerals known to be useful in such slurry compositions include waterwashed or airfloated kaolin clays, ball clays, smectite-type clays like bentonite or montmorillonite, calcium carbonate, talc, etc. More of these minerals, with the possible exception of talc, have little if any natural affinity for the rubber stock when brought into slurry contact with the organophilic rubber surface. This is a direct consequence of the hydrophilic nature of most minerals. Thus, to enhance their chemical affinity for the rubber surface, chemical additives (primarily zinc or calcium soaps of stearic acid) have customarily been used in combination with such minerals to yield effective aqueous anti-tack compositions. It is also well known that such mineral/soap compositions will often employ other process additives (such as organic surfactants) to help aid wet-out and improve general mineral to soap compatibility. Some Literature references relative to the prior anti-tack technology are sited below:
1. G. V. Belousov, N. B. Selezneva, O. Ya. Zrazhevskaya, Yu. G. Shevchenco; "Improvement of the Formula of Release Compositions"; Kauch. Rezina, (8), 36-38 (1988).
2. S. K. Modwood, G. P. Patitsas, W. H. Waddell; "Lubricant and Use Thereof for Curing Tires"; U.S. Pat. No. 4,780,225 (1988).
To our knowledge, organic surfactants currently used in slab-dip systems have been present primarily as an auxiliary additive to augment the performance of mineral/soap anti-tack compositions. This is in stark contrast to the composition of the present invention, wherein an ethoxylated acetylenic diol, nonionic surfactant treated fine particle size kaolin clay is shown to have useful, unique anti-tack properties for various uncured rubber compounds. We know of no prior examples where an organic surface has been used strictly alone with a clay mineral to yield an effective slurry anti-tack composition. This situation, as we will later demonstrate, undoubtedly arises from the fact that most organic surfactants we have examined were not effective enough to be used alone with just kaolin clay. The ethoxylated acetylenic diol nonionic surfactants used with kaolin clay in this invention were found to offer unique wetting properties on rubber compound and therefore represent an unobvious improvement in the rubber anti-tack processing art.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new, lengthy effective anti-tack composition and method which overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art as described above.
Other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the following specification taken in conjunction with the accompanying claims.
It has now been discovered that we may overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and achieve our objectives by providing a novel anti-tack composition comprised of a fine particle size kaolin clay and a nonionic surfactant of intermediate value in its hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB).
A novel anti-tack composition is described herein comprised of a fine particle size kaolin clay and a nonionic surfactant of intermediate range hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value (i.e., HLB's from 5.0 to 11.0). The nonionic surfactant of choice, more preferably Surfynol 440, ethoxylated acetylenic diol, nonionic surfactant, produced by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allenton, Pa., of HLB 8.0, is employed as an active percent treatment level of 0.05-1.0% (as based on dry clay), or more preferably at treatment levels of 0.2-0.4%. The slurried Omnifil� fine particle size, East Georgia kaolin clay product produced by J. M. Huber Corp., Huber, Ga., Surfynol 440 nonionic surfactant composition of this invention was found to be useful if effectively coating rubber sheet or granules to prevent their sticking together during the manufacture of various finished rubber goods (like tires). The anti-tack performance of this clay/surfactant composition is unexpected relative to the prior art processes wherein zinc or calcium soaps of stearic acid have typically been employed in combination with clay, surfactants, and other additives to achieve the necessary performance properties. The numerous advantages offered by the clay/surfactant composition of the present invention as an anti-tack agent for rubber are summarized below:
The treatment of Omnifil clay with 0.3% Surfynol 440 surfactant is easily achieved by adding the required amount of neat surfactant directly to a well mixed aqueous slurry of the clay. Omnifil� is a J. M. Huber fine particle size, East Georgia waterwashed kaolin clay of low brightness that is commercially available in slurry form at approximately 68% solids. Incorporation of the Surfynol 440 surfactant can be readily achieved by adding it to the 68% solids slurry in a standard commercial mixing tank. Alternatively, treatment can be achieved in a continuous fashion by metering in the required surfactant level into a clay slurry line by means of an in-line injection/static mixer system. The 0.3% Surfynol addition causes a slight but manageable increase in clay slurry Brookfield viscosity. This viscosity behavior is in contract to many of the other nonionic surfactants we tested in that they produced high viscosity increases or even yielded thick gels. The ease of manufacture associated with our Surfynol surfactant treated Omnifil� clay slurry product along with its lower raw material costs resulting from the elimination of soaps, etc. have combined to yield an anti-tack composition of extremely low cost.
The physical form of the Surfynol surfactant treated Omnifil� clay slurry product is unique relative to most of the commercially available clay-based slab-dips on the market which are viscous, paste products of only 50% active solids. The 68% solids slurry of the present invention has good suspension stability yet can be easily pumped with centrifugal or Moyno type pumps. These properties enable the slurry of the present invention to be easily shipped in bulk tank truck rather than in just 55 gallon drums, which in combination with its higher solids content offers significant advantages in freight cost to the customer. On site, the slurry of the present invention can be reduced in percent solids to the desired applications level by simply mixing in water.
Spray-dried, bagged product of the present invention is another unique physical form made available by the present invention of Surfynol surfactant treated clay technology. The 68% solids slurry of the present invention can be reduced in solids with water to approximately 60% and then spray-dried using a standard commercial Niro drier operating at drying conditions typical for kaolin clays. The spray-dried, treated clay can then be easily redispersed in water with minimal mixing and still provides (at a given solids level) all the same coating/anti-tack performance properties as the original Surfynol surfactant treated clay slurry. In most cases, the dry product of the present invention can be added directly to the dip tank rather than required a separate mixing tank for dispersion. In terms of low freight costs and customer ease of use, the spray-dried product of the present invention also offers many advantages relative to the conventional paste-type clay slab-dips.
In commercial dip tank processes, the percent slurry solids required for good coating coverage by the re-slurried treated clay product of the present invention have typically fallen with the 8-22% solids range. The exact solids requirements depend mostly on the particular type of rubberpolymer being coated. In addition, lower slurry solids are generally required for good coating coverage when hot rubber stock is being dipped versus cool or cold stock. Another advantage of the anti-tack composition of the present invention is a low product depletion rate such that maintaining sufficient dip tank solids can be normally limited to one per shift or less.
The Surfynol surfactant treated Omnifil� clay products of the present invention provide good anti-tack coating coverage on a wide array of rubber polymers when applied as a slurry slab-dip to rubber sheet or when slurry spray coated onto rubber granules. It is truly remarkable that the Surfynol surfactant treated clays described in the present invention have the versatility to perform effectively as anti-tack agents at moderately low solids conditions (slab-dip) as well as at high solids conditions associated with spray-coating. The Surfynol surfactant treated clay slurry of the present invention exhibits low foaming tendencies and trays well suspended even at low percent solids with minimal tank agitation/recirculation. The product's low foaming characteristic is particularly desirable versus the high foam levels often generated from soap containing formulations. Excessive foam levels or excessive mineral sedimentation in dip tanks create a housekeeping problem and can lead to undesired shutdown time for system cleanouts.
The Surfynol surfactant treated clay coating deposited onto the rubber stock is easily dispersed into the compound with additional processing (subsequent compounding or extrusion). The coating components also have no deleterious effects on rubber physical properties.
In the most preferred embodiment of the present invention, a treated clay product slurry having adjusted solids of approximately 62% is used to spray coat an uncured rubber compound for providing good anti-tack coverage. This 62% slurry system is particularly well suited for spray coating applications for the following reasons:
a. In a spray coating application, it is desirable to have a high solids clay slurry (60+% solids is ideal). Minimizing the amount of available water in such clay coatings is very advantageous since there will be less drying time required and less likelihood of any material runoff.
b. In order to effectively spray atomize a high solids slurry, that clay slurry must have a low Brookfield viscosity. A Brookfield (20 rpm) viscosity of less than 150 cps is highly recommended. At approximately 62% solids, the clay product slurry of the present invention is easily spray atomized (Brookfield viscosity equals only 45-50 cps) and subsequently provides excellent, uniform surface coverage on rubber granules.
It should also be noted that kaolin clays other than Omnifil� clay can be utilized in our anti-tack compositions equally well. Omnifil� was initially chosen as the base clay for most of the development work because it is a low cost, waterwashed clay of low brightness. Since initial the target application area consisted mainly of black rubber compound, clay brightness was therefore of little value. However, for white sidewall tire applications, waterwashed clays of higher brightness (such as Huber HG-90) can be used to replace the Omnifil� clay. This feature affords a great deal of flexibility as the final product can be early tailored to meet the brightness requirements of the end-use rubber application. Another desirable feature of the present invention is the low alpha quartz level connected with using waterwashed kaolin clays.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which should be regarded as illustrative, demonstrating only some of the preferred embodiments and not limiting the present invention, its scope or any equivalency. Unless otherwise indicated all parts and percentages in the specification and claims are based upon weight.
This experiment illustrates the significant performance differences found among various treated Omnifil� clays when said products are examined as anti-tack agents for preventing the adhesion of uncured rubber polymers, like polybutadiene. In each case, 62% solids slurries of treated Omnifil� clay were prepared for testing using a 0.3% active treatment level of organic modifier. The organic modifiers that we originally examined with kaolin clay included:
1. Organic Surfactants
2. Organosilanes
Organofunctional Silanes
The treated clay slurries of 62% solids were then evaluated an anti-tack agents for rubber. Small strips of cold polybutadiene (PBR) stock (approximately 6 inches�1 inch�0.25 inches) were individually dipped into clay slurry product, left totally immersed for 5 seconds, removed and then air dried over 24 hours to yield a clay coated specimen. The coating coverage, surface tackiness and percent weight pickup were assessed to determine the relative effectiveness of each test system.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________Anti-Tack Performance of VariousSurfactant/Silane Treated Clays on Polybutadiene RubberOm1 -Clay with active Treatment(62% Solids Slurry) Coated Treated Clay Slurry Rubber Properties Surfactant/ Surfac- Viscosity, cps CoatingTest Silane Chemical tant (Brookfield) Coating Surface PickupSystem Name Family2 "HB" 20 rmp Coverage3 Tackiness4 wt. %5__________________________________________________________________________A -- -- -- 30 Poor Yes 1.2B Surfynol Ethoxylated 8.0 45 Excellent No 2.0 440 Acetylenic Diol, (N)C Igepal Ethoxylated 4.8 50 Fair Yes 2.0 CA-210 Octylphenol, (N)D Igepal Ethoxylated 8.0 70 Good No 1.9 CA-420 Octylphenol, (N)E Igepal Ethoxylated 10.8 2250 Excellent No 8.7 CO-530 Nonylphenol, (N)F Emsorb Ethoxylated 7.2 85 Poor Yes 1.3 2720 Sorbitan Monolaurate, (N)G Alkamuls Ethoxylated 10.0 100 Poor Yes 1.7 PSMO-5 Sorbitan Monooleate, (N)H Trylox Ethoxylated 8.4 540 Poor Yes 2.4 5921 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, (N)I Emerest Ethoxylated 7.6 55 Poor Yes 1.4 2622 Glycol Dilaurate, (N)J Neodol Ethoxylated 8.0 1800 Good No 4.9 23-3 Lauryl Alcohol, (N)K Alkasurf Ethoxylated 9.8 55 Fair Yes 2.0 L-5 Lauric Acid, (N)L Triton Dioctyl Sodium -- 65 Fair Yes 1.4 GR-7M Sulfosuccinate, (A)M PSVS Polysodium -- 190 Poor Yes 2.4 Vinyl Sulfonate, (A)N Gantrez Poly(Methyl -- 1430 Poor Yes 5.8 AN-139 Vinyl Ether/Maleic Anhydride) Ammonium Salt (A)O Prosil Octyltrl- -- 53 Poor Yes 1.3 9234 EthoxysllaneP Y-9616 3- -- 4400 Good No 12.6 Mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilaneQ PTMO n- -- 50 Poor Yes 1.3 Propyltri- methoxysilaneR Z-6020 N-2-Aminoethyl- -- 4075 Good No 22.9 3-Aminopropyltri- methoxysilane__________________________________________________________________________ Note: 1 Om-Clay = OMNIFIL ™ (J. M. Huber fine particle size, East Georgia Kaolin clay product). 2 Letter designations in parenthesis denote surfactant type represented: 3 Qualitative, visual assessment of the overall coating coverage uniformity present on the dipped polybutadiene rubber strip (after air drying). "Poor" = extremely spotty coating coverage (less than 50% coverage). "Fair" = significant areas of rubber surface were without coating coverag (approximately 50-75% coverage obtained). "Good" = virtually all the rubber surface was coated, but notable variations in coating thickness existed. "Excellent"= rubber surface was completely coated and very uniform. 4 Qualitative assessment of rubber antitack performance wherein a noncoated rubber strip was lightly handpressed against a coated test stri to detect sticking: Yes denotes that the strips wanted to stick together. No denotes that virtually no tendency to stick together was detected. 5 Quantitative determination of the relative weight % of clay coatin picked up on a PER test strip (after air dried). Values represent the average of 4 test specimens.
As can be seen from the summarized results of TABLE I, few modified clay systems offered excellent or even good coating coverage on the PBR strips. Among those which did offer good coating coverage, only two (test systems B and D) had slurry Brookfield viscosities of less than 150 cps. A low slurry viscosity at high solids is needed if these clay slurries are to be used in a commercial spray-coating application of rubber granules. High slurry solids are advantageous when spray coating on an anti-tack system, as reduced drying time and less material runoff normally results. It should also be pointed out that it is highly desirable to have good anti-tack performance provided on a given rubber stock with coating coverage limited to a percent pickup value of 2.0% or less by weight. This criteria is necessary to insure that the overall specific gravity of the rubber compound being coated is not significantly changed by the process. Several test systems (most notably E, J, P, and R) provided good coating coverage but did so at the expense of unacceptably high pickup levels. The percent pickup for these treated clay systems can be adjusted down; however, this requires that slurry solids fall well below the 60+% solids range desired for a spray coating application.
Based on our test results, only test systems B and D meet all the anti-tack performance criteria discussed above. These systems consist of Omnifil� clay treated with 0.3% Surfynol 440 and Igepal CA-420 surfactants, respectively. Both of these organic modifiers are nonionic type surfactants of intermediate HLB value. Surprisingly, other nonionic surfactants of similar HLB (in test systems F, G, H, I, J, and K respectively) were largely ineffective for providing anti-tack properties. This points to the unexpected uniqueness of the Surfynol 440 and Igepal CA-420 surfactants in this Application. It is also quite interesting to note that true organo-modified clays produced from silane coupling agents were not very effective. Anionic surfactants were generally not effective as well. Various cationic surfactants (of the quaternary amine family) were also originally tried but none were tested since they all caused immediate, severe flocculation of the kaolin clay.
The test systems of TABLE I were prepared by treating standard, dispersed Ominfil� clay slurry of 68% solids. The organic modifier was added under vigorous mixing conditions at an active treatment level of 0.3%. After mixing an additional 15 minutes, the treated slurry product was than allowed to age at room temperature for 24 hours before its solids were reduced to 62% for our rubber testing work.
In this example, the coating coverage and resulting anti-tack performance provided by Surfynol surfactants of HLB'S ranging from 1.0 to 17.0 are compared as components of our clay/surfactant slurry composition. These compositions were also compared to a system using Igepal CA-420 surfactant. The test systems of TABLE II were prepared at 62% solids in full accordance with the procedure described in Example 1.
TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________Anti-Tack Performance of Surfynol ™ and Igepal ™Treated Clays on Polybutadiene RubberOm-Clay with 0.3% ActiveTreatment (82% Solids Slurry) Treated Clay Slurry Viscosity Coated Rubber PropertiesTest Surfactant Nonionic cps (Brookfield, Coating Surface Coating Pickup, Peel Test,System Additive Surfactant "HLB" 20 rmp Coverage Tackiness Wt. % Pounds pull__________________________________________________________________________A Surfynol 104H 1.0 50 Good No 2.3 1.3B Surfynol 420 4.0 38 Good No 2.0 1.5C Surfynol 440 8.0 30 Excellent No 2.0 0.7D Surfynol 465 13.0 45 Good No 1.9 1.0E Surfynol 465 17.0 45 Poor Yes 1.1 FailedF Igepal CA-420 8.0 70 Good No 1.9 1.1__________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: 1 Om-Clay OMNIFIL ™ (J. M. Huber fine particle size, East Georgi clay product). 2 Surfynol ™ Series Acetylenic Diol (104) and Ethoxylated Acetylenic Diois (420-485); Igepal CA420 Ethoxylated Octylphenol. 3 See footnote #3 of Table I for explanation. 4 See footnote # 4 of Table I for explanation. 5 See footnote #5 of Table I for explanation. 6 Physical test method wherein 2 coated strips of rubber (6" � 1" � 0.25" in dimension) are pressed together (via a Carver lab press) using 2000 psi over 5 minutes at room temperature. After equilibrating 24 hours, a Monsanto T10 Tonsometer was then used to determine the amount of force needed to pull the test strips apart (in lbs.). The term "Failed" denotes that the rubber material tore (or failed before pullapart of the strips could be achiev ed.
The Peel Test data of TABLE II indicate that the Surfynol product of intermediate HLB value (i.e., Surfynol 440) offers the best potential coverage/anti-tack properties for high solids slurry systems targeted for the spray coating of rubber granules. A clay/surfactant anti-tack composition having a 0.3% treatment of Surfynol 440 surfactant thereby represents the preferred embodiment and best mode of the present invention.
The test data of TABLE III demonstrate that the Ominifil clay/Surfynol 440 surfactant composition of the present invention can also be successfully used as an anti-tack agent in low solids applications as typically employed in continuous rubber slab-dip processes. In this experiment, dispersed Ominifil� clay slurry treated with 0.3% Surfynol 440 surfactant was reduced in solids to approximately 60% and subsequently spray dried to yield the dry product of the present invention. The spray dried product was then redispersed at the trial site directly in the dip tank (approximately 300 gallons in size) so as to ultimately yield a clay slurry of about 8% solids. Gentle mixing in the dip tank was provided by means of a recirculation/heat exchanger system. After charging the dip tank, an uncured natural rubber compound was then taken off an 84 inch open face, two roll mil as a continuous sheet. The hot rubber sheet (220� F.) was then immediately run through the dip tank system to cool the compound and to put an anti-tack coating on it. Good pickup and coating coverage were achieve with the product of the present invention. The coated rubber sheet was then transported away by means of a moveable rack during which additional cooling/drying was provided with a series of large fans.
TABLE III______________________________________Trial Results for Treated Om1 -ClayIn Production-Scale Slab Dip Process Applied Coated Rubber2 Properties Clay Coating Surface Peel Test,5Slab Dip Slurry3 Cover- Tack- PoundsTreatment Solids, % age iness4 Pull______________________________________None (uncoated -- -- Yes 1.3rubber controlOm-Clay with 0.3% 8.0 Light but No 0.0Surfynol 440 uniformTreatment coating______________________________________ Notes: 1 Om-Clay OMNIFIL ™ (J. M. Huber fine particle size, East Georgi kaolin clay product). 2 Test compound was a 40 phr kaolin clay filled Natural Rubber formulation. 3 Clay slurry was prepared in the dip tank by adding spraydried, treated OmClay product directly to the aqueous dip system to achieve as well as later maintain sufficient slurry solids for providing uniform coating coverage on stock. 4 See footnote #4 of Table I for explanation. 5 See footnote #6 of Table II for explanation.
As shown in TABLE III, the coated rubber exhibited good anti-tack properties versus the uncoated control. The product was successfully run on this dip system for an additional two weeks where after no evidence of clay sedimentation and/or foam generation were noted in the tank. These particular properties are very advantageous from a plant housekeeping standpoint. The present example serves to further illustrate the versatility of the present invention wherein clay/Surfynol 440 surfactant slurry composition of either high solids (for slab-dip processes) can be successfully utilized to provide anti-tack properties on uncured rubber.
The organophilic clay of the present invention in the form of an aqueous slurry will typically have slurry solids on the order of 67-69%, a Brookfield viscosity at 68% solids, 20 rpm, spindle #2 at 25� C., of 800 max, cps, a dry clay, Technibrite, brightness of 81.0-83.0%, a maximum wet sieve reside at 325 mesh of 0.3%, a pH at 28% solids of 6.0-8.0, an average stokes equivalent particle diameter of 0.3 micrometers, a dry clay B.E.T. surface area of 19-23 m2 /g, a dry clay oil absorption of 40-45 g/100 g of pigment, dry clay specific gravity of 2.60 and a 68% solids slurry specific gravity of 1.72.
The organophilic clay product of the present invention in the spray dried form will have the same physical properties as described above with a maximum moisture as produced (2 hours at 105� C.) of not more than 1%. The index of refraction of the product of the present invention is 1.54.
The present invention has been described with reference to its preferred embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made, various equivalents may be substituted, and various additional advantages may be obtained without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, many substitutions and modifications may be made to adapt to a particular situation or material without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
While the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, this application is intended to cover al of the new, novel, useful and nonobvious features disclosed or taught herein above as well as those various changes and substitutions which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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investor relations
about us
investor relations
Randstad's investor relations main goal is to build our 'financial brand'.
Whereas clients and candidates recognize the Randstad brand for its reliability and service quality, investors and analysts should recognize our open and transparent communications style and our aim to be best in class in disclosure and in providing insight into the business. These efforts ensure accurate valuation for the shares over time. In addition, we aim to be recognized as a worldwide labor market authority.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
WellPoint, United Healthcare Accused Of Illegal Actions
Professor Henry T. Greely, an expert in health law and policy, comments on insurers' alleged efforts to involve employees in the debate on health care reform. The LA Times reports:
The nation's two largest health insurers have been pressuring employees to lobby against healthcare reform in Congress in violation of a California law against coerced political activity, a consumer group alleged Wednesday.
Consumer Watchdog in Santa Monica has asked California Atty. Gen. Jerry Brown to investigate its claim that UnitedHealth Group and WellPoint Inc. pushed workers to write their elected officials, attend town hall meetings and enlist family and friends to ensure an overhaul that matches their interests.
"I think it's tacky, in the least, and it risks creating the kind of bad publicity that Consumer Watchdog is trying to bring to it," Henry T. Greely, a professor at Stanford Law School, said of the insurers' alleged efforts to enlist employees in the debate. "Certainly, anything heavy-handed would be grossly inappropriate. But it may be difficult to draw the line between informing people and improperly coercing them."


text:
Thank you. If a matching email exists we will send you an email in a few minutes with instructions on how to reset your password.
Don't forget to check your spam folder if you cannot find the email. For further assistance please contact us at email@example.com .Okay
Portmeirion's classic Christmas tree design on an elegant, oval-shaped fluted dish.
From its beginning in 1776, Spode has epitomized inventive and sophisticated designs for generations and is best known for its tableware. One of the most recognizable patterns is Spode's Christmas Tree. A hit from its inception, the pattern has developed into whole table services with serving pieces and now includes a wide range of giftware. There have been many different versions over the years, with different colored and widths of the border band, annual editions, and unique shapes, and the pattern has always strived to have something new each year for its dedicated collectors.


text:
Turn aluminum can tabs into cool jewelry!
Step 1: Gather your supplies
You also need elastic cord and scissors. That's it! No other supplies necessary.
Step 2: Start assembling
Loop through the first tab, situating the tab at center of cord.
Step 3: Another tab
Thread the cord up from the bottom through both tabs, bringing top cord through top hole and bottom cord through bottom hole.
Step 4: And another tab
and this time, thread the cords through the opposite holes forming an X on top.
Step 5: Keep going
top cord-top hole, bottom cord-bottom hole.
Step 6: Don't give up
Step 7: Almost done
until bracelet can be wrapped around your wrist and ends meet comfortably.
You need the last tab to be one placed at the back side.
Then, bring ends together and form final X.
Step 9: Masterpiece!
There should be just enough stretch to easily go
over your hand and then be lightly snug on your wrist.
I didn't have any elastic cord lying around but I did have four sets of broken earphones, I used one side of a split earphone cord and had plenty left over. It's a bit of a squeeze without it being elastic but I've left just enough space for it to not be uncomfortable and not too much for it to slip off.
It still needs some painting which I probably should have done before I made it but oh well!
It took me about an hour but it came out great. I didn't have enough tabs because I've just started to do this project since I saw them in the store for $5 and didn't want to spend money on something I could make myself, even a child can make it so why spend that much on something recycled when you can do it too! What I love about this project by ShaJen is that she makes it very easy to understand and with the images it makes it even more easy to not get lost. Thank you so much! My Mom loves it and she wants to make some, too.
Hope you like mine! : - )
couldnt find any soda can so i went through my parents garbage can and got enough tabs for like twenty of these things! http://jambhu.blogspot.com/
Fabulous :)
I loved this idea, but it was too confusing. When I almost finished, the X's made the whole thing unravel into a big tangle. I had to cut the string to get the tabs free. Luckily I found another tutorial on how to do it without the X's. I don't know if anyone else had this problem, or if I just didn't understand the instructions... Well, thanks anyway.
tops! It looks cooler and it has color!
Grr...Fear Me (thats my phone singature to)
I can't understand you. Are you sure you can't move your fingers just a _little_ bit more, so that you actually type words instead of numbers? Or do you need typing lessons? I'm sure you can find typing games...
It's called a "reversible". You just invert the original bracelet. It won't have the X's from the elastic.
Good job!
Since you probably don't have that, just use a strong emery board.
If you don't know what that is... It's a nail file.
If you do have sandpaper, cut a little piece, attach it to a craft stick using glue and file down the sharp edges. Good job.
get the bead string from walmart :D
Maybe next time I'll use a sharpie!
I made 2, a yellow and silver one for my neighbor who kindly donated lots of tabs. And a pink and silver one for me. BTW, thanks to the people with the monster tab hole-punching comments, helps a lot, 'cause I just realized about the one hole. :P And the images are from a video I found which wasn't as clear as these instructions. :) Now all I need to know is if it'll break my hole puncher...
... Hmmm...
Awesome Job


text: Prev | Next Purchase this photo Sholten Singer/The Herald-Dispatch Students attend a Memorial Vigil and Fundraiser for the victims of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting on Monday, Dec. 17, 2012, at Marshall University in Huntington. Gallery: Sholten Singer's photo review of 2012 Jan. 01, 2013 @ 06:08 PM Sholten Singer The Herald-Dispatch photographer Sholten Singer takes a look back at 2012 with his best news photos of the year. ()


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NEW ALLEN - Wesley Christian High School senior Stephen Goble made his college choice official on Wednesday, signing with Jefferson Davis Community College.
A junior college located in Brewton, Ala., Jefferson Davis competes in the ACCC (Alabama Community College Conference). Jefferson Davis calls the ACCC's South Conference home, along with Alabama Southern, Bishop State, Chattahoochee Valley, Enterprise State, Faulkner State, L.B. Wallace and Wallace State.
Jefferson Davis Community College is located in Brewton, Ala.
The Jefferson Davis basketball program is under the direction of head coach Allen Gainer.
After watching game film of Goble, Gainer offered the Wesley Christian standout a scholarship.
"The chance to play right away was a big factor for me," Goble said, when asked why he chose Jefferson Davis. "Coach (Gainer) told me with my skill set if I come in and work hard I can play right away. Also, it's closer to home than all the other schools I've been in contact with."
Goble will continue to work on his game throughhout the offseason. The Wesley Christian bigman earned KCAA All-State and All-4th Region honors for his efforts during his senior season.
Goble scored 1,149 points in two seasons with the Wesley Christian boys' basketball team.


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Running man
Watch Running man raw or with english subs online for free.
If Running man episode does not load or loads forever, kindly refresh page( F5) or restart your browser and try again . The problem will be solved most likely otherwise please report the broken episode at the page itself.
Alternate Title: 런닝맨
Summary: This show is classified as an "urban action variety"; a never-before-seen new genre of variety shows and will greatly involve the participation of viewers.[1] The MCs and guests are locked in a landmark during closed hours and are required to leave before opening hours. The first team to leave will win, while the losing team will be punished in the landmark
Genre: Game-variety, Comedy, K variety, All,
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NYC Parks Events Calendar
Get up, get out, and do something! Just about any day of the year, you can find something fun, informative, and healthy to enjoy at an area park. Feel free to browse the listings below, or use the search tools to find an event that matches your interests and location.
Viewing 10,251–10,260 out of 17,945 events
from March 26, 2013 (x) to April 25, 2026
Friday, May 22, 2015
Adapted Swim Program for People with Disabilities at Asser Levy Recreation Center
at Asser Levy Recreation Center (in Asser Levy Playground), Manhattan
3:00 p.m.–4:00 p.m.
Aquatic therapy that ranges from gentle water walking to aerobic-type exercise which improves range of motion, felxibility. mobility, muscle tone, coordination, focus and strength. It…
Category: Accessible, Fitness, Seniors
Summer Sports Experience
at Lost Battalion Playground (in Lost Battalion Hall Recreation Center), Queens
3:00 p.m.–7:00 p.m.
Pitch, shoot and score with NYC Parks! Summer Sports Experience welcomes kids to join this free program focused on developing sports skills.
Category: Kids, Sports, Summer Sports Experience
Adapted Swim Program for People with Disabilities at St. Mary's Recreation Center
at St. Mary's Recreation Center (in St. Mary's Park), Bronx
3:45 p.m.–5:00 p.m.
The Adapted Aquatics program offers aquatic exercise therapy that ranges from gentle water walking to aerobic-type exercise which improves range of motion, flexibility, mobility, muscle…
Category: Accessible, Fitness, Seniors
Ocean Breeze Summer Fitness: Instructional Shot Put
at Midland Beach Splash Plaza (in Franklin D. Roosevelt Boardwalk and Beach), Staten Island
4:00 p.m.–5:00 p.m.
Take free fitness classes outside this summer, brought to you by the staff of the new Ocean Breeze Track & Field Athletic Complex!
Category: Sports, Outdoor Fitness
UCC Youth Farm: Annual Plant Sale
at UCC Youth Farm, Brooklyn
4:00 p.m.–7:00 p.m.
Pick up seedlings like bitter melon, hot peppers, seasoning peppers, thick leaf calalloo, and collards to get your season started! Plus free seeds.
Adaptive Wheelchair Softball
at Patterson Playground, Bronx
5:00 p.m.–8:00 p.m.
Play wheelchair softball at Patterson Playground.
Category: Accessible, Sports
Free Adapted Swim Program for People with Disabilities at Flushing Meadows Corona Park Aquatics Center
at Flushing Meadows Corona Park Aquatics Center (in Flushing Meadows Corona Park), Queens
5:30 p.m.–6:30 p.m.
The Adapted Aquatics program offers aquatic exercise therapy that ranges from gentle water walking to aerobic-type exercise whichimproves range of motion, flexibility, mobility, muscle…
Category: Accessible, Fitness, Seniors
Bryant Park Shakespeare: The Two Gentlemen of Verona
at Upper Terrace (in Bryant Park), Manhattan
6:30 p.m.–8:30 p.m.
Bryant Park Shakespeare returns with three productions presented by The Drilling Company.
Category: Art, Theater, Free Summer Theater, Shakespeare in the Parks
Night Lights at Wave Hill
at Wave Hill, Bronx
6:30 p.m.–9:30 p.m.
Wave Hill's 50th anniversary festivities reach a crescendo this spring with a month-long celebration, when, for the first time in Wave Hill's history, visitors will be…
Category: Nature, Art
Lola Star's Dreamland Roller Disco Party: Xanadu
at Lefrak Center at Lakeside (in Prospect Park), Brooklyn
7:30 p.m.–10:00 p.m.
Glitter and sparkle at this Xanadu-themed roller disco skate party!
Category: Dance
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NEW YORK (AP) — The science fiction/fantasy genre has been admitted into a special club.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt announced Friday that it has added science fiction and fantasy to its popular Best American series. It's the longtime publisher of annual anthologies of everything from short stories to travel writing,
"The Best American Science Fiction and Fantasy" will launch in 2015. John Joseph Adams has presided over numerous science fiction/fantasy anthologies and will be the ongoing series editor. Best-selling author and son of Stephen King Joe Hill will be the first guest editor.
John Updike, Elizabeth Gilbert and James Ellroy are among the many writers who have served as editors for the Best American series.
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Unlike the majority of inaugration day celebrants, I'll be working in an attempt to avoid thinking about the darkest day in our country's history. January 20, 2009 will be the beginning of the end of our way of government as we know it today.
Now I can't wait to see Ray Ray and his Garbage Queen Ronnie riding atop an SDT garbage truck, wearing their Mickey Mouse ears, and waving to the adoring (???) crowds.
Wow! I've never been first.
Post-Katrina, service has been less than satisfactory, from the good restaurants down to the fast food places. These establishments are filling service jobs with the people who were left after the storm because the majority of the professional service people left and never came back. When you're treated as though you are a bother to the servers, there's not a lot of incentive to return. And that has happened to us more than once.
Don't get me wrong though, there are still some very professional, outstanding wait staff left around the city.
Maybe all those "activists" (LOL) will think twice before marching and contributing money, and then being made to look like d**n fools by the very scumbags they're marching for. The intellect of that community just cracks me up!
Amen, Judas13!! (Is that an oxymoron???)
Hey Lisa, we have a perfect candidate for your staff with all the right qualifications (or so she says). Take Veronica White, PLEASE!!!!!!!!
We've given the rest of the nation reason to laugh at us for many years now. N.O. will not change now. Let the antics continue.
Coolcat, you said it all!!!
Argue back and forth all you want. Dollar Bill will be elected because the mindless people in his district vote color and not qualifications/background.
Fry this walking piece of poo!!!
mikeinthe9, if youtube ever removes the lsu video, you won't have anything to post. get over it.
and now your comment about the honeybees shows you're sexist as well as a racist.
P.S. I'm with powderface. Jarvis DeBerry for mayor!!!!!!
What a buffoon!! Again, speaking (or writing) before thinking or getting the facts. You would think this idiot would be embarassed, but he only gets more arrogant. It's his way of covering up his gigantic flubs, diverting attention from his ineptness.
You obviously didn't get the point of my post. This could be a beautiful story about the return of a part of old New Orleans, but you and others have to start with the racial BS on this and practically every other NOLA.com story. They get turned into a never ending conversation about race. Once again, it shows the idiocy of this city and readers of NOLA.com such as yourself, where stories with no racial intentions whatsoever are turned into racial situations.
You are typical of the posters who get hit with a dose of reality, and when they have no REAL response, resort to name calling, i.e., bumbling persons...
Look for me at the Roosevelt during Christmas. I'll be there with my grandchild enjoying the moment while you're stewing in your black history. If we don't cross paths, have a Merry Christmas, despite yourself.
thanks Casper. Most profound words posted on nola.com in a long, long time!
xman20002000, nolahippie -
Instead of enjoying the story for what it's worth, you have to bring in the racial c**p. It's people like you who will NEVER enjoy harmony in this city or anywhere else you plant your sorry, racist rear ends. You and writer John Pope encourage the negative comments from me and other posters who are sick and tired of your bringing race into every issue that appears on nola.com. Pope's comments about Dr. Francis added nothing good to this story. We are way beyond the days of excluding anyone from this hotel or anywhere, so hard as it might be for your narrow minds, get over it. Your lives will ALWAYS be very sad existences instead of real living.
What a shame. And they both look like such fine, upstanding citizens.
Undeniably, Sarah Palin won!! Cool, confident, informed, and polite.
here is the proof of the real culprit behind the bank/economy issues:
notice the date of the original article and who pushed for it.
And btw shondrelyn, you need to read more
Bill Cosby and listen less to the faux Rev. Jackson.
I find it so ironic that you're calling a bunch of us stupid and other vulgar names in one sentence, then quoting scripture and talking about God in the next. Seems you might want to practice what you preach!!!
Incidentally, no one should ever have to go through losing children, regardless of the circumstances. It's just that as so many other posters have said, situations like this are preventable but unlikely in a culture that embraces having babies at age 14.


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July 10, 2007
WORCESTER, Mass. - Five members of the Holy Cross men's tennis team have been selected to the 2007 Patriot League Academic Honor Roll, as announced by the league office. Leading the Crusaders was sophomore Angelo Sica (Chester, N.J.), who posted a 3.59 grade point average during the spring semester. Holy Cross' five total selections to the Academic Honor Roll tied for the most of any school in the conference.
Joining Sica on the Academic Honor Roll were senior Brian Kelly (Winchester, Mass.), senior Marco Lombardo (Chestnut Hill, Mass.), senior Tom Moran (Concord, N.H.) and sophomore Jay DeSanto (Dalton, Pa.).
A total of 26 student-athletes from men's tennis teams around the league earned spots on this year's Academic Honor Roll. To be eligible for the Patriot League Academic Honor Roll, a student-athlete must earn a 3.20 grade point average in the spring semester and be awarded a varsity letter.
For the complete Patriot League Academic Honor Roll in PDF format, click here.


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Type Targeted Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Species laboratory mouse Donating Investigator Chin C Howe, The Wistar Institute
Mice that are homozygous null for Sparc are viable and fertile. They display decreased physical activity when handled but otherwise appear normal. Sparc transcripts and protein products are not detected in these animals. The development of cataracts and osteopenia are the predominant phenotypes. Lenticular opacity starts to develop at 1 to 2 months after birth, progressing to mature cataracts by 5-8 months of age. Intracellular vacuoles are apparent at 1-2 months, leading to a disruption of fiber cell packing. In later stages, the lens capsule ruptures and displacement of lens material into the anterior chamber is evident. At 17 weeks of age, null mice exhibit 50% less trabecular bone than that found in wild type controls. The loss is 70% at 36 weeks. Decreases in both osteoclast and osteoblast numbers are observed, the cumulative effect of which is a negative bone-balance leading to profound osteopenia.
|Considerations for Choosing Controls
View Mammalian Phenotype TermsMammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGIassigned by genotype
Sparctm1Hwe/Sparctm1Hweinvolves: 129S/SvEv * C57BL/6J
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- hypoactivity
- mice exhibit passivity and decreased physical activity when handled (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- vision/eye phenotype
- abnormal lens morphology
- at 1.5 months of age, the lenticular nucleus is shifted to a posterior location (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- at 5 months of age, massive lens degredation is seen (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- at 11 months of age, most lens cortical material is absent, and only the nucleus, the remnants of the anterior capsule, and the epithelium remain (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- at 3 months of age, the bow region has an abnormal appearance and is disrupted by large vacuoles and posterior displacement of the lenticular nucleus is seen (MGI Ref ID J:53514)
- abnormal lens capsule morphology
- ruptured lens capsule
- at 5 months of age, rupture of the posterior capsule is observed, with extrusion of lens material into the vitreous cavity (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- abnormal lens epithelium morphology
- at 3 months of age, the anterior epithelium cells appear plump and cuboidal (MGI Ref ID J:53514)
- abnormal lens fiber morphology
- at 1.5 months of age, nuclei appear in the lens fibers of the anterior cortex, indicating a defect in differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- at 1.5 months of age, the lens fibers appear swollen and degraded with vacuoles appearing at the equator (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- at 3-4 months of age, swelling and degeneration of lens fibers is more severe and cystic spaces are present at the equator (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- at 3 months of age, incomplete fiber cell elongation results in a posterior displacement of the lenticular nucleus, and the cortical fibers apppear swollen (MGI Ref ID J:53514)
- cortical cataracts
- initiation of cataract formation is seen in all homozygous mice by 1.5 months of age, including diffuse posterior cortical cataracts (66% of mice) and cataracts in the posterior and anterior corticies (34% of mice) (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- at 3.5-4.5 months of age, many cataracts are mature and show clusters of vacuoles in the outer lens cortex (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- at 5-8 months of age, cataract maturation resulted in rupture of the lens capsule, luxation, and adhesion of the iris to the lens (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- posterior subcapsular cataracts
- posterior subcapsular opacities are observed at 3-4 months of age, with a progressive degree of opacity; by 8 months of age, a full mature cataract is seen (MGI Ref ID J:53514)
- eye inflammation
- at 5-8 months of age, macrophages are present in the area of lens capsule rupture (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- retinal degeneration
- observed at 11 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- retinal detachment
- observed at 11 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- immune system phenotype
- abnormal osteoclast morphology
- mutant mice have reduced osteoclast cell surface (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- decreased osteoclast cell number
- mutant mice have 60% less osteoclasts than controls at 17 weeks of age (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- eye inflammation
- at 5-8 months of age, macrophages are present in the area of lens capsule rupture (MGI Ref ID J:52120)
- skeleton phenotype
- abnormal skeleton morphology (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- abnormal osteoblast morphology (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- decreased osteoblast cell number
- mutant mice have 30% less osteoblasts at 17 weeks of age and 60% less at 36 weeks of age, as well as reduced osteoblast cell surface (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- abnormal osteoclast morphology
- mutant mice have reduced osteoclast cell surface (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- decreased osteoclast cell number
- mutant mice have 60% less osteoclasts than controls at 17 weeks of age (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- abnormal trabecular bone morphology
- mice exhibit 50% reduced trabecular bone volume in the vertebrae, tibia and femur at 11 weeks of age (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- rediographic density is also reduced in the vertebrae, tibia and femur at 11 weeks of age (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- mice have 50% less trabecular bone at 17 weeks of age and 70% less at 36 weeks of age (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- at 17 and 36 weeks of age, mice have 60% less trabeculae and trabecular spacing is increased 2-fold (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- decreased bone mineral density
- mice exhibit osteopenia, or decreased bone turnover, due to decreased numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- abnormal skeleton physiology (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- abnormal bone remodeling
- the bone formation rate of mutant mice is less than that of controls at all ages; by 36 weeks of age, the trabecular bone formation rate is reduced by 85% compared to controls (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- serum osteocalcin level, a marker of osteoblastic function, is undetectable in mutant mice at 36 weeks of age, whereas control mice show low levels; this is likely due to the decreased number of osteoblasts at this age (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- abnormal bone strength
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- delayed wound healing
- one study shows that mutants exhibit a delay in healing (31 days vs. 24 days in wild-type) of large 25 mm oblong full-thickness excision wounds on the dorsal skin (including the striated muscle layer) (MGI Ref ID J:102567)
- this study also shows that initially, granulation tissue formation and extracellular matrix protein production is delayed in small 6 mm full thickness circular lesions, however they are resolved by 6 days (MGI Ref ID J:102567)
- in vitro wound-healing assays of dermal fibroblasts show delayed wound closure (with incomplete wound closure at 31 hours compared to complete wound closure by 11 hours in wild-type), due to defective cell migration and not due to cell proliferation defects (MGI Ref ID J:102567)
- enhanced wound healing
- the rate of 5-mm excisional wound closure (made by with a punch biopsy tool in the dorsal skin with hair follicles removed) in mutants is significantly increased; the hyperproliferative epithelium at the leading edge of induced wounds is in closer apposition in mutant mice by day 4 compared to controls, and most cutaneous wounds are completely healed by day 11 while wounds in control mice are still closing (MGI Ref ID J:73724)
- accelerated wound closure is in part due to increased wound contraction (MGI Ref ID J:73724)
- tumorigenesis
- increased tumor growth/size
- implanted tumor cells grow more rapidly in mutant mice than in controls and show alterations in the production and organization of ECM components and a decrease in the infiltration of macrophages (MGI Ref ID J:81896)
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- abnormal osteoclast morphology
- mutant mice have reduced osteoclast cell surface (MGI Ref ID J:61480)
- decreased osteoclast cell number
- mutant mice have 60% less osteoclasts than controls at 17 weeks of age (MGI Ref ID J:61480)View Research ApplicationsResearch ApplicationsThis mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:
Sparctm1Hwe related
Internal/Organ Research
Wound Healing
Endocrine Deficiency Research
Bone/Bone Marrow Defects
Sensorineural Research
|Allele Symbol
|Allele Name
|targeted mutation 1, Chin Chen Howe
|Allele Type
|Targeted (Null/Knockout)
|Common Name(s)
|Mutation Made By
|Chin Howe, The Wistar Institute
|Strain of Origin
|ES Cell Line Name
|ES Cell Line Strain
|Gene Symbol and Name
|Sparc, secreted acidic cysteine rich glycoprotein
|Gene Common Name(s)
|AA517111; BM-40; ON; expressed sequence AA517111; osteonectin;
|Molecular Note
|Two tandem neomycin resistance cassettes were inserted into exon 4. No mRNA was detected by Northern blot in testis, spleen or thymus of homozygous mice. [MGI Ref ID J:52120]
Genotyping ProtocolsSparctm1Hwe, Melt Curve Analysis
Sparctm1Hwe, Separated PCR
Sparctm1Hwe, Standard PCR
Helpful LinksGenotyping resources and troubleshooting
Norose K; Clark JI; Syed NA; Basu A; Heber-Katz E; Sage EH; Howe CC. 1998. SPARC deficiency leads to early-onset cataractogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 39(13):2674-80. [PubMed: 9856777] [MGI Ref ID J:52120]
Sparctm1Hwe related
Aguilera KY; Rivera LB; Hur H; Carbon JG; Toombs JE; Goldstein CD; Dellinger MT; Castrillon DH; Brekken RA. 2014. Collagen signaling enhances tumor progression after anti-VEGF therapy in a murine model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 74(4):1032-44. [PubMed: 24346431] [MGI Ref ID J:208362]
Arnold SA; Rivera LB; Carbon JG; Toombs JE; Chang CL; Bradshaw AD; Brekken RA. 2012. Losartan slows pancreatic tumor progression and extends survival of SPARC-null mice by abrogating aberrant TGFbeta activation. PLoS One 7(2):e31384. [PubMed: 22348081] [MGI Ref ID J:185228]
Arnold SA; Rivera LB; Miller AF; Carbon JG; Dineen SP; Xie Y; Castrillon DH; Sage EH; Puolakkainen P; Bradshaw AD; Brekken RA. 2010. Lack of host SPARC enhances vascular function and tumor spread in an orthotopic murine model of pancreatic carcinoma. Dis Model Mech 3(1-2):57-72. [PubMed: 20007485] [MGI Ref ID J:157672]
Aycock RL; Bradshaw AC; Sage EH; Starcher B. 2004. Development of UV-Induced Squamous Cell Carcinomas Is Suppressed in the Absence of SPARC. J Invest Dermatol 123(3):592-9. [PubMed: 15304102] [MGI Ref ID J:91793]
Barker TH; Framson P; Puolakkainen PA; Reed M; Funk SE; Sage EH. 2005. Matricellular homologs in the foreign body response: hevin suppresses inflammation, but hevin and SPARC together diminish angiogenesis. Am J Pathol 166(3):923-33. [PubMed: 15743803] [MGI Ref ID J:96777]
Bassuk JA; Birkebak T; Rothmier JD; Clark JM; Bradshaw A; Muchowski PJ; Howe CC; Clark JI; Sage EH. 1999. Disruption of the Sparc locus in mice alters the differentiation of lenticular epithelial cells and leads to cataract formation. Exp Eye Res 68(3):321-31. [PubMed: 10079140] [MGI Ref ID J:53514]
Basu A; Kligman LH; Samulewicz SJ; Howe CC. 2001. Impaired wound healing in mice deficient in a matricellular protein SPARC (osteonectin, BM-40). BMC Cell Biol 2:15. [PubMed: 11532190] [MGI Ref ID J:102567]
Boskey AL; Moore DJ; Amling M; Canalis E; Delany AM. 2003. Infrared analysis of the mineral and matrix in bones of osteonectin-null mice and their wildtype controls. J Bone Miner Res 18(6):1005-11. [PubMed: 12817752] [MGI Ref ID J:111461]
Bradshaw AD; Graves DC; Motamed K; Sage EH. 2003. SPARC-null mice exhibit increased adiposity without significant differences in overall body weight. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(10):6045-50. [PubMed: 12721366] [MGI Ref ID J:99819]
Bradshaw AD; Puolakkainen P; Dasgupta J; Davidson JM; Wight TN; Helene Sage E. 2003. SPARC-null mice display abnormalities in the dermis characterized by decreased collagen fibril diameter and reduced tensile strength. J Invest Dermatol 120(6):949-55. [PubMed: 12787119] [MGI Ref ID J:83878]
Bradshaw AD; Reed MJ; Sage EH. 2002. SPARC-null mice exhibit accelerated cutaneous wound closure. J Histochem Cytochem 50(1):1-10. [PubMed: 11748289] [MGI Ref ID J:73724]
Brekken RA; Puolakkainen P; Graves DC; Workman G; Lubkin SR; Sage EH. 2003. Enhanced growth of tumors in SPARC null mice is associated with changes in the ECM. J Clin Invest 111(4):487-95. [PubMed: 12588887] [MGI Ref ID J:81896]
Campolongo M; Benedetti L; Podhajcer OL; Pitossi F; Depino AM. 2012. Hippocampal SPARC regulates depression-related behavior. Genes Brain Behav :. [PubMed: 22950524] [MGI Ref ID J:203247]
Card L; Henderson N; Zhang Y; Bornstein P; Bradshaw AD. 2010. Expression in SPARC-null mice of collagen type I lacking the globular domain of the alpha1(I) N-propeptide results in abdominal hernias and loss of dermal collagen. Matrix Biol 29(7):559-64. [PubMed: 20708079] [MGI Ref ID J:166793]
Chatterjee A; Oh DJ; Kang MH; Rhee DJ. 2013. Central corneal thickness does not correlate with TonoLab-measured IOP in several mouse strains with single transgenic mutations of matricellular proteins. Exp Eye Res 115:106-12. [PubMed: 23806329] [MGI Ref ID J:210410]
Delany AM; Amling M; Priemel M; Howe C; Baron R; Canalis E. 2000. Osteopenia and decreased bone formation in osteonectin-deficient mice [published erratum appears in J Clin Invest 2000 May;105(9):1325] J Clin Invest 105(7):915-23. [PubMed: 10749571] [MGI Ref ID J:61480]
Delany AM; Kalajzic I; Bradshaw AD; Sage EH; Canalis E. 2003. Osteonectin-null mutation compromises osteoblast formation, maturation, and survival. Endocrinology 144(6):2588-96. [PubMed: 12746322] [MGI Ref ID J:83749]
Francki A; Bradshaw AD; Bassuk JA; Howe CC; Couser WG; Sage EH. 1999. SPARC regulates the expression of collagen type I and transforming growth factor-beta1 in mesangial cells. J Biol Chem 274(45):32145-52. [PubMed: 10542250] [MGI Ref ID J:115124]
Greiling TM; Stone B; Clark JI. 2009. Absence of SPARC leads to impaired lens circulation. Exp Eye Res 89(3):416-25. [PubMed: 19401199] [MGI Ref ID J:151198]
Gruber HE; Sage EH; Norton HJ; Funk S; Ingram J; Hanley EN Jr. 2005. Targeted deletion of the SPARC gene accelerates disc degeneration in the aging mouse. J Histochem Cytochem 53(9):1131-8. [PubMed: 15879573] [MGI Ref ID J:101698]
Haddadin RI; Oh DJ; Kang MH; Filippopoulos T; Gupta M; Hart L; Sage EH; Rhee DJ. 2009. SPARC-null mice exhibit lower intraocular pressures. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50(8):3771-7. [PubMed: 19168904] [MGI Ref ID J:154575]
Harris BS; Zhang Y; Card L; Rivera LB; Brekken RA; Bradshaw AD. 2011. SPARC regulates collagen interaction with cardiac fibroblast cell surfaces. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301(3):H841-7. [PubMed: 21666116] [MGI Ref ID J:176928]
Jones EV; Bernardinelli Y; Tse YC; Chierzi S; Wong TP; Murai KK. 2011. Astrocytes Control Glutamate Receptor Levels at Developing Synapses through SPARC-{beta}-Integrin Interactions. J Neurosci 31(11):4154-65. [PubMed: 21411656] [MGI Ref ID J:170454]
Kapinas K; Lowther KM; Kessler CB; Tilbury K; Lieberman JR; Tirnauer JS; Campagnola P; Delany AM. 2012. Bone matrix osteonectin limits prostate cancer cell growth and survival. Matrix Biol 31(5):299-307. [PubMed: 22525512] [MGI Ref ID J:188301]
Kelly KA; Allport JR; Yu AM; Sinh S; Sage EH; Gerszten RE; Weissleder R. 2007. SPARC is a VCAM-1 counter-ligand that mediates leukocyte transmigration. J Leukoc Biol 81(3):748-56. [PubMed: 17178915] [MGI Ref ID J:118613]
Lehmann S; O'kelly J; Raynaud S; Funk SE; Sage EH; Koeffler HP. 2007. Common deleted genes in the 5q- syndrome: thrombocytopenia and reduced erythroid colony formation in SPARC null mice. Leukemia 21(9):1931-6. [PubMed: 17625608] [MGI Ref ID J:124417]
Lloyd-Burton S; Roskams AJ. 2012. SPARC-like 1 (SC1) is a diversely expressed and developmentally regulated matricellular protein that does not compensate for the absence of SPARC in the CNS. J Comp Neurol 520(12):2575-90. [PubMed: 22173850] [MGI Ref ID J:187341]
Lloyd-Burton SM; York EM; Anwar MA; Vincent AJ; Roskams AJ. 2013. SPARC regulates microgliosis and functional recovery following cortical ischemia. J Neurosci 33(10):4468-81. [PubMed: 23467362] [MGI Ref ID J:196279]
Luo Z; Luo P; Yu Y; Zhao Q; Zhao X; Cheng L. 2012. SPARC promotes the development of erythroid progenitors. Exp Hematol 40(10):828-36. [PubMed: 22687753] [MGI Ref ID J:203600]
Luo Z; Zhou Y; Luo P; Zhao Q; Xiao N; Yu Y; Yan Q; Lu G; Cheng L. 2014. SPARC deficiency affects bone marrow stromal function, resulting in impaired B lymphopoiesis. J Leukoc Biol 96(1):73-82. [PubMed: 24598056] [MGI Ref ID J:212014]
Machado do Reis L; Kessler CB; Adams DJ; Lorenzo J; Jorgetti V; Delany AM. 2008. Accentuated osteoclastic response to parathyroid hormone undermines bone mass acquisition in osteonectin-null mice. Bone 43(2):264-73. [PubMed: 18499553] [MGI Ref ID J:137943]
McCurdy SM; Dai Q; Zhang J; Zamilpa R; Ramirez TA; Dayah T; Nguyen N; Jin YF; Bradshaw AD; Lindsey ML. 2011. SPARC Mediates Early Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Following Myocardial Infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol :. [PubMed: 21602472] [MGI Ref ID J:173342]
Ng YL; Klopcic B; Lloyd F; Forrest C; Greene W; Lawrance IC. 2013. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) exacerbates colonic inflammatory symptoms in dextran sodium sulphate-induced murine colitis. PLoS One 8(10):e77575. [PubMed: 24204877] [MGI Ref ID J:209172]
Nie J; Sage EH. 2009. SPARC inhibits adipogenesis by its enhancement of beta-catenin signaling. J Biol Chem 284(2):1279-90. [PubMed: 18990699] [MGI Ref ID J:145572]
Norose K; Lo WK; Clark JI; Sage EH; Howe CC. 2000. Lenses of SPARC-null mice exhibit an abnormal cell surface-basement membrane interface. Exp Eye Res 71(3):295-307. [PubMed: 10973738] [MGI Ref ID J:64877]
Nozaki M; Sakurai E; Raisler BJ; Baffi JZ; Witta J; Ogura Y; Brekken RA; Sage EH; Ambati BK; Ambati J. 2006. Loss of SPARC-mediated VEGFR-1 suppression after injury reveals a novel antiangiogenic activity of VEGF-A. J Clin Invest 116(2):422-9. [PubMed: 16453023] [MGI Ref ID J:105442]
Perdue N; Yan Q. 2006. Caveolin-1 is up-regulated in transdifferentiated lens epithelial cells but minimal in normal human and murine lenses. Exp Eye Res 83(5):1154-61. [PubMed: 16914142] [MGI Ref ID J:116358]
Puolakkainen P; Bradshaw AD; Kyriakides TR; Reed M; Brekken R; Wight T; Bornstein P; Ratner B; Sage EH. 2003. Compromised Production of Extracellular Matrix in Mice Lacking Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) Leads to a Reduced Foreign Body Reaction to Implanted Biomaterials. Am J Pathol 162(2):627-35. [PubMed: 12547720] [MGI Ref ID J:81614]
Puolakkainen PA; Bradshaw AD; Brekken RA; Reed MJ; Kyriakides T; Funk SE; Gooden MD; Vernon RB; Wight TN; Bornstein P; Sage EH. 2005. SPARC-thrombospondin-2-double-null mice exhibit enhanced cutaneous wound healing and increased fibrovascular invasion of subcutaneous polyvinyl alcohol sponges. J Histochem Cytochem 53(5):571-81. [PubMed: 15872050] [MGI Ref ID J:105538]
Rempel SA; Hawley RC; Gutierrez JA; Mouzon E; Bobbitt KR; Lemke N; Schultz CR; Schultz LR; Golembieski W; Koblinski J; VanOsdol S; Miller CG. 2007. Splenic and immune alterations of the Sparc-null mouse accompany a lack of immune response. Genes Immun 8(3):262-74. [PubMed: 17344888] [MGI Ref ID J:147548]
Rentz TJ; Poobalarahi F; Bornstein P; Sage EH; Bradshaw AD. 2007. SPARC regulates processing of procollagen I and collagen fibrillogenesis in dermal fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 282(30):22062-71. [PubMed: 17522057] [MGI Ref ID J:124607]
Rotta G; Matteoli G; Mazzini E; Nuciforo P; Colombo MP; Rescigno M. 2008. Contrasting roles of SPARC-related granuloma in bacterial containment and in the induction of anti-Salmonella typhimurium immunity. J Exp Med 205(3):657-67. [PubMed: 18316416] [MGI Ref ID J:133133]
Said N; Frierson HF Jr; Chernauskas D; Conaway M; Motamed K; Theodorescu D. 2009. The role of SPARC in the TRAMP model of prostate carcinogenesis and progression. Oncogene 28(39):3487-98. [PubMed: 19597474] [MGI Ref ID J:153913]
Said N; Frierson HF; Sanchez-Carbayo M; Brekken RA; Theodorescu D. 2013. Loss of SPARC in bladder cancer enhances carcinogenesis and progression. J Clin Invest 123(2):751-66. [PubMed: 23321672] [MGI Ref ID J:194491]
Said N; Motamed K. 2005. Absence of Host-Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) Augments Peritoneal Ovarian Carcinomatosis. Am J Pathol 167(6):1739-52. [PubMed: 16314484] [MGI Ref ID J:103643]
Sangaletti S; Gioiosa L; Guiducci C; Rotta G; Rescigno M; Stoppacciaro A; Chiodoni C; Colombo MP. 2005. Accelerated dendritic-cell migration and T-cell priming in SPARC-deficient mice. J Cell Sci 118(Pt 16):3685-94. [PubMed: 16046482] [MGI Ref ID J:101449]
Sangaletti S; Tripodo C; Cappetti B; Casalini P; Chiodoni C; Piconese S; Santangelo A; Parenza M; Arioli I; Miotti S; Colombo MP. 2011. SPARC oppositely regulates inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycin-induced lung damage. Am J Pathol 179(6):3000-10. [PubMed: 22001347] [MGI Ref ID J:180066]
Sangaletti S; Tripodo C; Vitali C; Portararo P; Guarnotta C; Casalini P; Cappetti B; Miotti S; Pinciroli P; Fuligni F; Fais F; Piccaluga PP; Colombo MP. 2014. Defective stromal remodeling and neutrophil extracellular traps in lymphoid tissues favor the transition from autoimmunity to lymphoma. Cancer Discov 4(1):110-29. [PubMed: 24189145] [MGI Ref ID J:209001]
Savani RC; Zhou Z; Arguiri E; Wang S; Vu D; Howe CC; DeLisser HM. 2000. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury in mice deficient in SPARC Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 279(4):L743-50. [PubMed: 11000135] [MGI Ref ID J:65230]
Schellings MW; Vanhoutte D; Swinnen M; Cleutjens JP; Debets J; van Leeuwen RE; d'Hooge J; Van de Werf F; Carmeliet P; Pinto YM; Sage EH; Heymans S. 2009. Absence of SPARC results in increased cardiac rupture and dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction. J Exp Med 206(1):113-23. [PubMed: 19103879] [MGI Ref ID J:144036]
Seet LF; Su R; Barathi VA; Lee WS; Poh R; Heng YM; Manser E; Vithana EN; Aung T; Weaver M; Sage EH; Wong TT. 2010. SPARC deficiency results in improved surgical survival in a novel mouse model of glaucoma filtration surgery. PLoS One 5(2):e9415. [PubMed: 20195533] [MGI Ref ID J:157899]
Socha MJ; Manhiani M; Said N; Imig JD; Motamed K. 2007. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine deficiency ameliorates renal inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin hypertension. Am J Pathol 171(4):1104-12. [PubMed: 17717147] [MGI Ref ID J:125520]
Strandjord TP; Madtes DK; Weiss DJ; Sage EH. 1999. Collagen accumulation is decreased in SPARC-null mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol 277(3 Pt 1):L628-35. [PubMed: 10484471] [MGI Ref ID J:146430]
Sullivan MM; Barker TH; Funk SE; Karchin A; Seo NS; Hook M; Sanders J; Starcher B; Wight TN; Puolakkainen P; Sage EH. 2006. Matricellular hevin regulates decorin production and collagen assembly. J Biol Chem 281(37):27621-32. [PubMed: 16844696] [MGI Ref ID J:116917]
Sussman AN; Sun T; Krofft RM; Durvasula RV. 2009. SPARC accelerates disease progression in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis. Am J Pathol 174(5):1827-36. [PubMed: 19342370] [MGI Ref ID J:147976]
Swaminathan SS; Oh DJ; Kang MH; Ren R; Jin R; Gong H; Rhee DJ. 2013. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC)-null mice exhibit more uniform outflow. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54(3):2035-47. [PubMed: 23422826] [MGI Ref ID J:214909]
Tripodo C; Sangaletti S; Guarnotta C; Piccaluga PP; Cacciatore M; Giuliano M; Franco G; Chiodoni C; Sciandra M; Miotti S; Calvaruso G; Care A; Florena AM; Scotlandi K; Orazi A; Pileri SA; Colombo MP. 2012. Stromal SPARC contributes to the detrimental fibrotic changes associated with myeloproliferation whereas its deficiency favors myeloid cell expansion. Blood 120(17):3541-54. [PubMed: 22955913] [MGI Ref ID J:193220]
Trombetta JM; Bradshaw AD. 2010. SPARC/osteonectin functions to maintain homeostasis of the collagenous extracellular matrix in the periodontal ligament. J Histochem Cytochem 58(10):871-9. [PubMed: 20566756] [MGI Ref ID J:170030]
Wong SY; Crowley D; Bronson RT; Hynes RO. 2008. Analyses of the role of endogenous SPARC in mouse models of prostate and breast cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 25(2):109-18. [PubMed: 18058030] [MGI Ref ID J:133592]
Yan Q; Blake D; Clark JI; Sage EH. 2003. Expression of the matricellular protein SPARC in murine lens: SPARC is necessary for the structural integrity of the capsular basement membrane. J Histochem Cytochem 51(4):503-11. [PubMed: 12642629] [MGI Ref ID J:124742]
Yan Q; Clark JI; Wight TN; Sage EH. 2002. Alterations in the lens capsule contribute to cataractogenesis in SPARC-null mice. J Cell Sci 115(Pt 13):2747-56. [PubMed: 12077365] [MGI Ref ID J:77916]
Yan Q; Perdue N; Blake D; Sage EH. 2005. Absence of SPARC in murine lens epithelium leads to increased deposition of laminin-1 in lens capsule. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46(12):4652-60. [PubMed: 16303962] [MGI Ref ID J:103786]
Yuen J; Li Y; Shapiro LG; Clark JI; Arnett E; Sage EH; Brinkley JF. 2008. Automated, computerized, feature-based phenotype analysis of slit lamp images of the mouse lens. Exp Eye Res 86(4):562-75. [PubMed: 18304532] [MGI Ref ID J:135641]
Animal Health ReportsProduction of mice from cryopreserved embryos or sperm occurs in a maximum barrier room, G200.
Colony Maintenance
Breeding & Husbandry This strain arose on a B6;129S background. It is maintained by the donating investigator as a homozygote on a B6;129S background.
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Cryopreserved Mice - Ready for Recovery
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At least two mice that carry the mutation (if it is a mutant strain) will be provided. Their genotypes may not reflect those discussed in the strain description. Please inquire for possible genotypes and see additional details below.
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Cryorecovery - Standard.
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The average number of mice provided from recovery of our cryopreserved strains is 10. The total number of animals provided, their gender and genotype will vary. We will fulfill your order by providing at least two pair of mice, at least one animal of each pair carrying the mutation of interest. Please inquire if larger numbers of animals with specific genotype and genders are needed. Animals typically ship between 10 and 14 weeks from the date of your order. If a second cryorecovery is needed in order to provide the minimum number of animals, animals will ship within 25 weeks. IMPORTANT NOTE: The genotypes of animals provided may not reflect the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation, or that discussed in the strain description. Please inquire about possible genotypes which will be recovered for this specific strain. The Jackson Laboratory cannot guarantee the reproductive success of mice shipped to your facility. If the mice are lost after the first three days (post-arrival) or do not produce progeny at your facility, a new order and fee will be necessary.
Cryorecovery to establish a Dedicated Supply for greater quantities of mice. Mice recovered can be used to establish a dedicated colony to contractually supply you mice according to your requirements. Price by quotation. For more information on Dedicated Supply, please contact JAX® Services, Tel: 1-800-422-6423 (from U.S.A., Canada or Puerto Rico only) or 1-207-288-5845 (from any location).
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Cryopreserved Mice - Ready for Recovery
Animals Provided
Price (US dollars $) Cryorecovery* $2892.50
At least two mice that carry the mutation (if it is a mutant strain) will be provided. Their genotypes may not reflect those discussed in the strain description. Please inquire for possible genotypes and see additional details below.
Standard Supply
Cryopreserved. Ready for recovery. Please refer to pricing and supply notes on the strain data sheet for further information.
Supply Notes
Cryorecovery - Standard.
Progeny testing is not required.
The average number of mice provided from recovery of our cryopreserved strains is 10. The total number of animals provided, their gender and genotype will vary. We will fulfill your order by providing at least two pair of mice, at least one animal of each pair carrying the mutation of interest. Please inquire if larger numbers of animals with specific genotype and genders are needed. Animals typically ship between 10 and 14 weeks from the date of your order. If a second cryorecovery is needed in order to provide the minimum number of animals, animals will ship within 25 weeks. IMPORTANT NOTE: The genotypes of animals provided may not reflect the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation, or that discussed in the strain description. Please inquire about possible genotypes which will be recovered for this specific strain. The Jackson Laboratory cannot guarantee the reproductive success of mice shipped to your facility. If the mice are lost after the first three days (post-arrival) or do not produce progeny at your facility, a new order and fee will be necessary.
Cryorecovery to establish a Dedicated Supply for greater quantities of mice. Mice recovered can be used to establish a dedicated colony to contractually supply you mice according to your requirements. Price by quotation. For more information on Dedicated Supply, please contact JAX® Services, Tel: 1-800-422-6423 (from U.S.A., Canada or Puerto Rico only) or 1-207-288-5845 (from any location).
Cryopreserved. Ready for recovery. Please refer to pricing and supply notes on the strain data sheet for further information.
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text:
Hang tight!
Recipe by EAGLE BRAND®
"One of the first recipes to come out of the EAGLE BRAND® kitchen, magazine ads in 1927 promised 'glorious pumpkin pie...the kind about which poets have sung.'"
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1 (14 ounce) can
EAGLE BRAND® Sweetened Condensed Milk
1 1/4 cups
canned pumpkin puree
2 tablespoons
brown sugar
1/4 teaspoon
ground cinnamon
1/4 teaspoon
ground nutmeg
24 (3 inch)
unbaked tart shells
After reading the reviews, I decided to add more spices. To this wonderful recipe I added 1/2 Tsp ginger, 1/4 tsp cloves, and more cinnamon. Not only do they taste great, but your kitchen will have the smell of Autumn! Thanks for the recipe!
I found these to be too sweet and lacking in spices.
33 Ratings
Yum! I couldn't find pasty shells so I used Keebler individual graham cracker crusts (2 in.size, package of 6: about 12 of these used for this recipe) I also added more ginger, cinnamon and nutmeg and didn't use any brown sugar. I used Libby's canned ready to make pie filling, evaporated milk & egg with the spices, and it was sweet enough. The great thing is I made this for a Halloween party, and was able to make 1 or 2 first to test before making the rest of the batch. Had left over filling and I'm going to get some more little crusts for me!
This was a very easy, good recipe! What I did differently, however, was rather than using 24 tart shells, I first made 8 mini pie shells (one double crust recipe made this amount perfectly, I divided the dough into 8ths and used a tortilla press to flatten the dough between plastic wrap.) There really wasn't quite enough filling for these 8, but it was delicious! (I'll not make the sides as high next time.) I also used 1 tsp pumpkin pie spice for the spices listed.
Very delish! I made a pumpkin spice whipped topping to go with.... a new favourite in my house.
This was sooo much better than making a full pie, now no more whining about who got more pieces of pie!! And it was delicious!
It was too thick and lacked flavor.
These are very yummy! The individual "pies" were a big hit with my family!
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Harvest Pumpkin Tarts
Serving Size: 1/24 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 24
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 225
Calories from Fat: 76
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text:
Weekender 24/7
News and views from the Express-News' arts and entertainment writers.
Posts by Author
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BookExpo America, the annual booksellers convention that's often held in New York, is a little like SA's NIOSA, only with books instead of beer. And there's more heavy lifting and intellectual stimulation. And less drinking, unless you count the bottled water used in your effort to stay hydrated while lugging books back and forth across the giant […] [Read More]
About drive, faith and what's free
NEW YORK — Before I head home from BookExpo today, I'm thinking about some of the best authors I heard and the books I picked up (some published, some advance reader copies) that I'm most looking forward to reading. As I have on two previous BookExpo trips, I packed the advance copy of Mitch Albom's […] [Read More]
Rick Riordan, the rock star
NEW YORK — We haven't spotted San Antonio's Rick Riordan at BookExpo, but he's still creating buzz. The May 25 issue of Publishers Weekly has Rick's "Percy Jackson and the Olympians" in the number two spot on the bestseller list for children's series and tie-ins, right behind Stephenie Meyer of the Twilight saga. But here's […] [Read More]
Bookstore culture attractive any day
NEW YORK — The BookExpo Show Daily, published during the national booksellers convention here, announced a "New 'PW' Retailer Plan" in today's issue. Publishers Weekly magazine invited booksellers and publishers to mark Saturday, Nov. 7, on their calendar as the "first annual National Bookstore Day." PW promises to market the event and to celebrate "the […] [Read More]
Lines and invitations at BookExpo
Some conversations at BookExpo in New York this weekend sound like those overheard everywhere else in the country. First words overheard when I walked into the Javits Convention Center today where two men were talking loudly: "You should just hire me." It wouldn't be BookExpo without all kinds of attention grabbing gimmicks: a woman wearing […] [Read More]
Carrying a hardback TO BookExpo
I'm headed to BookExpo in New York to meet E-N Book Editor Steve Bennett today. Had to make a tough choice on what book deserved the small spot in my carry-on bag on the way TO the booksellers' convention. (At BookExpo, we have to pick what's worth shipping home to consider for reviews or for […] [Read More]


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Tuesday, August 19, 2014
Bowen Griffith edged out fellow Summerville athlete Logan Palma to win the 2014 Summerville YMCA Youth Triathlon.
Griffith, 14, finished the full course at The Ponds in 28 minutes, three seconds to win the overall male championship (age 11-14) for the sixth annual Youth Triathlon.
I was a bit surprised I won, Griffith said. There were two other guys who I thought were going to beat me.
Logan Palma finished with an overall time just 10 seconds behind Griffiths to claim runner-up honors for the older participants. Matthew Agostinelli of Goose Creek placed third with a 28:32 time.
Those in the older divisions swim 200 meters, bike five miles and run one mile during the event. This summer marks the third time Griffith, an Ashley Ridge sophomore who swims for the Swamp Foxes and Legend Oaks and runs track at AR, has participated in the Youth Triathlon. His best showing before Saturday was a fourth-place finish.
It was hard to pass during the swim but that was my best leg, he said. When I went out on my bike there was one guy in front of me so I focused on catching him. I was right there with him for the first part of the run. He pulled away, but my times in the swim and bike were better than his.
Nicholas DeFazio of Daniel Island won the male 11-12 division with a 29:03 time.
Ellie Sineath, 11, of Goose Creek finished in 32:56 to win the female overall title for the older participants and female 11-12 division title. Natalia Thomas-Sarmi of Summerville was the female overall runner-up. Lindsey Hundemer of Summerville placed third and won the female 13-14 division.
Those age 7-10 swim 100 meters, bike 2.5 miles and run a half-mile during the triathlon.
Nicholas Demarco, 10, of Daniel Island finished the shorter course in 15:33 to claim the 7-10 overall male championship. Matthew Doty, 8, of Daniel Island finished in 16:45 to claim runner-up honors and win the 7-8 male division.
Dakota Taylor, 10, of Summerville finished in 18:36 to win the female 9-10 division and the overall female (7-10) championship. Linnea Ransford of Charleston finished eight seconds behind to place second and Meredith Erling of Summerville placed third.
Leah Barnhill of Irmo finished in 19:50 to win the female 7-8 division.
Taylor, a fifth-grade Summerville Elementary School student, has participated in four of the six Summerville Y Youth Triathlons but had never won her division before Saturday.
Ive learned you have to pace yourself, Taylor said. I wanted to complete the whole thing without stopping and I did. I took the Y training course before the race and that helped. I also got a new bike this year and I was really comfortable on it and I think that is where I did the best. It was a lot of fun.
This year 228 participated in the triathlon. Full results can be found at http://www.rmssports.com/results/14sumkidstri.txt
Age-group Top 3 Results
Female 7-8: Leah Barnhill, Nora Sineath and Lauren Polomsky.
Male 7-8: Matthew Doty, Keifer Grainger and Garrett brown.
Female 9-10: Dakota Taylor, Linnea Ransford and Meredith Erling.
Male 9-10: Nicholas Demarco, Patrick Beebe and Marshall Fleming.
Female 11-12: Ellie Sineath, Natalia Thomas-Sarmi and Jayme Lifrieri.
Male 11-12: Nicholas DeFazio, Alex Mackey and Aaron Wheat.
Female 13-14: Lindsey Hundemer, Darby Dedmond and Michelle Cuylits.
Male 13-14: Bowen Griffith, Logan Palma and Matthew Agostinelli.
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text:
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- www.austriansoccerboard.at - review this website
- www.glendalerugby.com/ - review this website
- www.luvmyteam.com - review this website
- www.balleto.gr - review this website
- premierleaguebg.com - review this website
- www.redissue.co.uk - review this website
- www.watchlivefootball.me.uk - review this website
Hayallerin Takimi - Fantezi Futbol, Canli Mac Sonuclari
Kendi Fantezi Futbol ruya takiminizi birden fazla ligden ucretsiz kurabileceginiz odullu, Super Lig Puan durumlari, son dakika spor haberleri ve canli mac sonuclarini takip edebileceginiz muhtesem bir spor sitesi. Cunku Futbol Senin Hayallerin
The URLs of hundreds soccer sites were collected from Internet search and amount of quotations of site's address is used to create the rating.
Watch Live Football
Live football Feeds so that you to watch live football on the pc.
Maç Oyunları
Macoyunlari.com ; Futbol Oyunları ve Maç Oyunları Sevenlerin Buluşma Noktası.. Maç oyunları, maç oyunu oyna, futbol oyunları, futbol oyunu, maç oyunu.
Youth Soccer Training Drills
Learn how to improve soccer skills and make training more fun and interesting with a variety of soccer drills and tips for coaches, parents and players.
Pariuri sportive
Cel mai complet ghid de stiri, pronosticuri si pariuri sportive, clasamente, predictii si informatii de ultima ora pentru pariori precum si pentru pasionatii de fotbal
Football Diehards
For getting all sorts of information about fantasy football, you can visit footballdiehards.com/. This is one of the best website that can provide you what you are looking on fantasy football.
Football News
Football news & football headlines from Give Me Football. All goals, results & fixtures updated every hour on the hour from Give Me Football - The Official PFA website.
FIFA 12 Strategy
The premiere guide to FIFA 12. We have the most credible authors that spilled their secrets on how they mastered FIFA. Learn the best tips and tactics, NOW!
Sports Info provides news on football, handball, tennis, boxing, k1, basketball, motor, rating 1 and League 2 league
Site about Cesco Totti from football club "Roma"
Site about italian striker and superstar Francesco Totti. The latest news and full biography, most interesting articles and interviews, photoarchive and many desktop wallpapers
Cheat Sheet War Room
Create free, customized NFL player rankings on an interactive web-based cheat sheet. Then, generate a printable sheet to take to your draft, in a variety of formats.
Fantasy Football Player Rankings Software
Online tool for ranking fantasy football players for drafts, who to start each week, and creating ch
Arsenal FC Blog
News, analysis, discussion, opinions and and videos updated daily at the Arsenal FC Blog.
Football Transfer News
Latest football news headlines - soccer blog, transfer rumours, injury news, editorial, get paid to write about football news
Mundial 2010 Sudafrica
Toda la informacion de el Mundial 2010 de Sudafrica con retransmision en directo de los partidos.
Football-linX .. World of Soccer Links
6000+ world-wide links in all categories. Clipart Gallery & Free Banners.
Austrian Soccer Board
Austrian Soccer Board - Österreichs größtes Fußball Diskussionsforum im Internet, diskutiere mit uns über Fußball!
colorado rugby
Rugby Colorado â Colorado rugby teams, like our Glendale Raptors, deliver the excitement sports fans want. Among Colorado rugby clubs, ours are some of the most passionate in the USA. View our schedules and buy tickets today!
Luv My Team
Luv My Team is your source for licensed NCAA sports merchandise for your next tailgating party or game day bash. Football, basketball, baseball...whatever your sport, we have your team!
Football news
The best source for football news in Greece!
Premier League Bulgaria - Ðовини, Видео,
Premier League Bulgaria - Ðовини, Видео, Игра Ñ ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð³Ð½Ð¾Ð·Ð¸
Manchester United Football Club
The ultimate Manchester United FC fan site Red Issue features the very latest news, speculation, transfer rumours and squad details directly from the fans for the fans. Check up on all the latest happ
Watch Live Football
Watch live football gives you access to over 1000 channels.


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Welcome to the Town of Zebulon
Welcome to the official website for the Town of Zebulon, North Carolina. Zebulon offers a small town atmosphere, warm and friendly people, and the willingness to reach out to newcomers and welcome them into the community. Come see for yourself why residents and businesses both agree that Zebulon truly is the "Town of Friendly People."
We are working on a Greenway Master Plan get more information and participate in the process.
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS AGENDA--July 22, 2015