text:
Register now for free, or sign in with any of these services:
Want to set your local edition?
Select an edition for more focused local news coverage when you visit mlive.
Don't worry. You can change this setting at any time to another local edition.
Yup. No. 1 overall in the Sarnia Bantam League.
Burr seems like a good guy. I remember when Fedorov joined the Red Wings for his first training camp, which was held in Flint. I was covering it for AP. They paired him with Burr since Burr talked so much. Apparently they figured it was a good way for him to learn English! Burr laughed about it. Hopefully he beats this. Sounds like he's got a great attitude.
Wayne Gretzky had pretty good playoff success and he wasn't a mean guy, was he? Same with Nicklas Lidstrom.
Current Pistons on future covers. Right now, its possible three of Detroit's four big-league teams could have video-game cover boys. When might the Pistons join them was the premise.
What does fighting have to do with playing hard? They outshot Nashville in virtually every game. Do you get 40-plus shots in back-to-back games by not trying?
Do you really believe they weren't playing hard in the playoffs? Or could they be experiencing more success now because they're not playing against all the top NHL players since many of them are still in the Stanley Cup playoffs? Belarus ain't exactly the Nashville Predators or New York Rangers. Heck, I covered Belarus' goalie Andrei Mezin when he played for the Flint Generals 16 years ago. Nice guy but he ain't exactly Jacques Plante Jr.
I've always found it a bit strange that teams with losing records raise prices. So kudos to the Pistons, I guess.
Me, Brendan Shanahan, Barry Sanders, Bruce Springsteen, Bob Seger ... all the greats have those initials. But give me my good looks over their millions any day of the week!
Sorry, tcy. Not doing it to raise your blood pressure.
Not defending him whatsoever, but from personal experience, limps can come and go at a moment's notice. Trust me on this one. Literally a moment's notice.
Not for Sweden!
I'm not afraid to say where I get my inside info: My best friend's sister's boyfriend's brother's girlfriend heard from this guy who knows this kid who's going with the girl who saw Ryan Suter at 31 Flavors last night talking about the Red Wings. I guess it's pretty serious.
The Sharks weren't an underdog against a No. 2 seed?
I'm not sure about a mandate for next year. I think Dumars is more on the clock than Frank next year. They need to show substantial improvement. But if they don't contend in two years Frank could be facing a problem as well.
Wasn't it fun watching the Dream Team kick the snot out of everyone back when pros were first let into the Olympics? (And I wish they would quit calling every U.S. Olympic basketball team a "Dream Team," especially when they can't even win the gold medal. There was one Dream Team. Period.)
You bring up an interesting point about Americans. Drives me crazy when I hear people refer to the Super Bowl or World Series or NBA winners as being a world champions. Uh, no. It's an American championship. MLB doesn't play the Japanese champion, Super Bowl winner doesn't play the CFL champ, NBA players have shown in the Olympics how well they stack up against the rest of the world. The worst is when they call it the "NBA World Championship." Isn't NBA Championship or Super Bowl Championship good enough? About the only sport that doesn't seem to do it is hockey. Stanley Cup Champions seems to be good enough for hockey teams.
That's my favorite. Problem is they never seem to have them at the one near my house when I'm on my way to the airport at 6 a.m.!
Very true, borq.
Well, that's no fun. Poking your nose into other people's business is the American way!


text:
Privacy and Cookies
European transport commissioner Siim Kallas is to discuss whether there are immediate options available to open sections of airspace, after conceding that the Icelandic volcanic ash is unlikely to disperse quickly enough.
"We are faced with an unprecedented shutdown of Europe's airspace," he says. "This situation not sustainable. It is now clear that we cannot just wait until this ash cloud dissipates."
Kallas says that the "fragmentation" of national decisions over airspace availability has limited the ability of aircraft to fly. The Commission and Eurocontrol are meeting in Brussels, with industry representatives, to examine urgent measures.
"The aim is to agree technical solutions for stronger European co-operation to maximise available airspace," says Kallas. "These could be implemented by Eurocontrol immediately."
He says this airspace issue - which must take into account safety considerations and scientific evidence - is the "most urgent" task.
European transport ministers will be advised of the technical meeting's conclusions today.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Home
- Featured Destinations
- Sample Trips
- Exclusive Deals
- Custom Trip Planning
- Travel 101
- Blog
- About Us
Rift Valley & Western Kenya Ecotour
Nairobi, Kenya
Prices From: $3,158 per person
This is an epic journey to discover Kenya's diverse environments and ecosystems while supporting local economies. From Nairobi you will descend into the Great Rift Valley, an area of great scenic beauty and offering unlimited opportunities for wildlife watching and hiking adventures. The Rift Valley lakes are recognized worldwide as important habitats for birds and our tour starts with Lake Naivasha, the only freshwater lake in the valley. During your walk down the Hell's Gate gorge and climb up Mt Longonot, you'll witness firsthand the effects of the powerful tectonic forces and volcanic activities that created the Rift Valley. You will then watch rhino, buffalo, zebra etc and birds including the beautiful flamingoes at Lake Nakuru before proceeding on to western Kenya, a destination that is way off the beaten path and less popular to conventional travelers but offering great natural and cultural diversity. Your epic adventure ends with a tour of the Masai Mara.
Detailed Itinerary
Day 1 - Nairobi - Lake Naivasha
Today you will head from Nairobi and drive for two hours to the camp near Lake Naivasha. After lunch take a boat ride to Crescent Island. The island is an important bird sanctuary and you will walk around to watch some of the birds and the resident population of antelopes.
Overnight: Carnelley's Campsite (Lunch, Dinner included)
Day 2 - Hell's Gate
Leave after breakfast for a drive to the nearby Hell's Gate National Park. Hike for 4-5 hours from the Park Gate past Fischer's Tower and steep rock cliffs and down through the deep gorge with bubbling hot springs. Return to the camp in the afternoon.
Overnight: Carnelley's Campsite (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner included)
Day 3 - Mount Longonot
Today you will drive to the base of Mount Longonot and hike for two hours to the crater rim (2,800m). Circumnavigate the crater in 2-3 hours then descend and return to the camp for dinner and overnight.
Overnight: Carnelley's Campsite (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner included)
Day 4 - Lake Naivasha - Lake Nakuru - Kembu Farm
Drive to Lake Nakuru National Park for game viewing. This park is an ornithologist's paradise famed for its large concentration of flamingoes and nearly 450 species of other birds and as a rhino sanctuary. Also found here are waterbuck, buffalo, impala, zebra and several other animals. In the evening transfer to Kembu farm in Njoro for overnight.
Overnight: Kembu Cottages and Campsite (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner included)
Day 5 - Kembu Farm
Kembu farm is located on the western wall of the Great Rift Valley. Here, you'll walk around the expansive farm and visit the dairy, racehorses, a women's co-operative knitting project on the farm (Kenana Knitters) and the local primary school and make voluntary donations for the school. It's advisable to buy some of the products from the local women's knitting project. Spend the afternoon lounging around and enjoying panoramic views of the Great Rift Valley or play soccer and volleyball with the farm workers. You will camp overnight on the farm.
Overnight: Kembu Cottages and Campsite (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner included)
Day 6 - Kembu Farm - Kaimosi
From the Rift Valley, we journey to the west through Eldoret to Kaimosi, a small rural village in western Kenya. We spend the night at the local Mago Guest House, an income generating project of the Mago Youth Polytechnic which offers vocational training to poor local students. Enjoy an evening tour of the local Mago Youth Polytechnic to interact with students.
Overnight: Mago Guest House (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner included)
Day 7 - Kaimosi
Today you will have a chance to spend time with the local Luhya people of this area. Take a walk to the local market and interact with the friendly local people, visit the local tea factory and plantations and learn how tea is picked, processed and also participate in tea testing. Stay overnight at the Mago Guest House.
Overnight: Mago Guest House (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner included)
Day 8 - Kaimosi - Kisumu
Drive south across the equator to Kisumu on the shores of Lake Victoria, the largest freshwater lake in Africa. Visit the local open air market at Kisumu before proceeding to our camp at the Kisumu Impala Sanctuary. In the afternoon enjoy a tour of Kisumu Impala Sanctuary to watch birds, hippos, Sitatunga antelope, impalas and several other animals.
Overnight: St. Anna Guest House (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner included)
Day 9 - Kisumu
In the morning you will visit a fish landing beach to interact with local fishermen as they return from their nightlong fishing expeditions. Witness fresh fish being offloaded from fishing boats as fishmongers scramble buy from the fishermen. Then take a boat ride to see the beautiful shores and islands of Lake Victoria. Enjoy fresh fish from the lake for lunch at a local café on the beach and return to camp in the afternoon.
Overnight: St. Anna Guest House(Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner included)
Day 10 - Kisumu - Masai Mara
You will leave the Lake Victoria basin and drive south to Masai Mara. The 5-6 hour drive takes you through agricultural country with large plantations of sugarcane and tea. Arrive at the Mara in time for afternoon game drive. You will camp overnight.
Overnight: Mara Manyatta Campsite (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner included)
Day 11 - Masai Mara
Enjoy a full day of game drives in the Masai Mara. The Mara Game Reserve is largely plains and the open grasslands are habitat to rich and varied wildlife such as lion, leopard, cheetah, buffalo, zebra, giraffe etc. There are also several species of birds. The annual migration of millions of wildebeest and antelope from July to September is a spectacle never to be missed by any visitor to the Mara. Enjoy the evening at the camp.
Overnight: Mara Manyatta Campsite (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner included)
Day 12 - Masai Mara - Nairobi Departure
In the morning enjoy one more game drive before you transfer back to Nairobi.
Accommodation Information
Carnelley's Campsite
Carnelley's is a tranquil campsite with beautiful bushy grounds. The monkeys swing from the trees and the hippos graze on the pier. Over the years Camp Carnelley's has become one of the most famous locations on Lake Naivasha. They are not just a campsite, they have it all from accommodation, "Lazybones" bar and restaurant, onsite activities and custom excursions including the ultimate safari.
The Kembu Cottages and Campsite
The Kembu Cottages and Campsite is located on a working farm overlooking the Great Rift Valley. Enjoy crisp clean air and ample space to roam - an ideal family retreat. It offers a wonderful high altitude climate - relaxed, peaceful, friendly. There are numerous day trips within easy reach of the farm - Lake Nakuru National Park, Lake Bogoria National Reserve, Menengai Crater, Mau Forest, and Kiplombe Valley. The enjoyable hours spent exploring the wilds of this wonderful area are made more idyllic knowing there is a warm and inviting base awaiting your return.
Mago Guest House
In a world of beauty you can find the unique Mago Guesthouse in the small rural village named Mago. The guesthouse has started in 2007 and is the only midrange guesthouse in this region. It is an income generating project of the Mago Youth Polytechnic School to support its various educational programs and its community. The guesthouse also serves as a hotel school for catering and hospitality students.
St. Anna Guest House
The St. Anna Guest House was established in 1998 under the initiative of the Franciscan Sisters of St Anna Lwak. It is located in a secure and serene setting in plush Milimani estate; the Guest House offers both accommodation and restaurant services to its clients plus conference and transport facilities.
Mara Manyatta Campsite
The Mara Manyatta Campsite is in the world famous Masai Mara Game reserve. The tents are spacious and erected on hard surfaces and are covered with Makuti to protect against the harsh weather conditions such as rain and heat. All tents are en-suite with built in toilet, hot shower, mosquito nets, electric lights, and power sockets. Enjoy meals cooked by the resident camp Chef.
Region: Africa - Eastern and Southern
Ecologically Responsible
GBC Staffpick
Hiking Trekking
Voluntour Activities
General Information
Price Includes
- Accommodation in basic tents when camping and local guest houses
- All meals for duration of safari prepared by an experienced safari cook
- Professional English-speaking guide: all guides are local experts and have also taken several language and wildlife courses
- All National Park entrance and camp site fees
- Private vehicle during safari
- Full support before, during & after your trip
Price Excludes
- International & domestic flights
- Airport transfers
- Accommodation before and after the safari in Nairobi
- Sleeping bags
- Taxes and fees
- Travel insurance (recommended)
- Entrance visas when applicable
- Other services not mentioned
- Expenditure on all drinks
- Tips and gratuities to guides, drivers
- Expenses of a purely personal nature


text:
All men are rapists and that's all they are. (Marilyn French)
Feminist criminology contains many branches. Liberal, radical, Marxist, and socialist feminism are widely recognized, although other "strands" exist such as postmodernism and ecofeminism. Most feminist criminology involves critiques about how women offenders have been ignored, distorted, or stereotyped within traditional criminology, but there is no shortage of separate theories and modifications of existing theories. Almost all women criminologists or criminologists of women who examine gender and crime have addressed the "gender ratio" problem (why women are less likely, and men more likely, to commit crime). Others study the generalizability problem (whether traditional male theories can modified to explain female offending). Most feminists are quick to point out where stereotypical thinking and theoretical dead ends exist, although the main problem complained about in most criminology is the simple fact that gender matters and should not be ignored.
Liberal feminism operates within the existing social structures to draw attention to women's issues, promote women's rights, increase women's opportunities, and transform women's roles in society. Radical feminism looks at how women came to occupy subservient roles in the first place, what male power consists of, and how societies themselves can be transformed. Marxist feminism ties patriarchy or male privilege into the economic structure of capitalism, as when female offenders are sentenced for property or sexual crimes (by threatening male dominance of property relationships or male control of women's bodies). Socialist feminism offers ideas about more equitable roles for women as sex providers, child bearers, nursemaids, and homemakers, so that they can take their rightful place in society. Postmodern feminism substitutes language production for economic production and studies how discourse and male-dominated thinking is used to set women apart.
|American feminism has its origins in the 1848 women's rights convention held at Seneca Falls, New York where a "Declarations of Sentiments and Resolutions" was passed. This first wave of feminism was anti-slavery oriented and wished for the emancipation of peoples everywhere who were being usurped and exploited. It ended in 1920 with passage of the 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote. Second-wave feminism started in the late 1960s and was called the "women's liberation movement", devoted to greater social, political, and economic equality. It focused on the emancipation of women and liberal correctives to the role of women in society. The third wave of feminism started in the late 1980s, devoted to an analysis of patriarchy, or the pervasiveness of male dominance. It was basically a critical or radical movement that looked into how society could be transformed.
Masculine theorizing tends to be linear, rational, quick, certain, objective, and hierarchical. Feminine theorizing tends to be slower, intuitive, more circular, iterative, and tentative. Therefore, feminist criminology contains little by way of grand theories or confirmatory statistical analyses. The existing techniques for evaluating and assessing criminological theories may not apply to feminist criminology. Nevertheless, there have been some interesting strands of thought in the criminology of female offenders, as follows:
Some Early (Stereotypical) Theories
Sigmund Freud's theory consisted of the idea that all women experience penis envy and suffer an inferiority complex over it, which they try to compensate for by being exhibitionistic and narcissistic. Freud thought that women were also basically irrational in that they weren't concerned with being builders of civilization, but with scanty, trivial matters. Freud thought, for example, that women don't have much of a sense of justice. Female crime was interpreted as longing for a penis. This is obviously a characterization of female criminals that feminists reject.
Cesare Lombroso in 1903 published The Female Offender which characterized short, dark-haired women with moles and masculine features as good candidates for becoming criminals. He thought criminal women were stronger than men, that they could handle pain better, and that prison would hardly affect them at all. This is also a characterization of the female offender that feminists reject.
W.I. Thomas in 1923 published The Unadjusted Girl which claimed that women committed crime out of wishes for excitement and new experiences. Women were seen as feeling confined under monogamy, and having a lot of pent-up sexual energy which was released in criminal acts. This notion is rejected by feminists.
Otto Pollak in 1950 published The Criminality of Women which characterized female offenders as sneaky, deceitful, vengeful, and unemotional. He claimed, for example, that they prefer professions like maids, nurses, teachers, and homemakers so they can engage in undetectable crime. He thought they were especially subject to certain mental diseases like kleptomania and nymphomania. This notion is also rejected by feminists.
Critiques of Traditional, Mainstream (Male stream) Theories
Social disorganization theory, which posits an environmental or subcultural tradition of criminal values that exist in an area, regardless of who lives in the area, is strongly criticized by feminists for only making parenthetical reference to women. Thrasher, a leading exponent of the social disorganization perspective, felt that girls and women committed less crime because they were more closely supervised by boys and men. This notion of patriarchal control forms the basis of at least one modern theory, called power-control theory by Hagan, Simpson & Gillis (1987), but the main feminist critique of the disorganization perspective involves the absence of qualitative, case-study research on the lives of women themselves.
Strain theories are criticized by feminists as betraying a double standard. Under strain theory, when a male offender commits a crime under certain conditions of opportunity blockage, their commission of crime is somehow seen as a "normal" or functional response. When women commit crime, strain theory views it as some sort of "weakness" which betrays the double standard. Naffine (1987) probably represents the best example of this critique, but there are other critiques, such as the characterization of females as "helpmates" or facilitators of crime in the strain theories of Cohen and Cloward and Ohlin.
Learning theories, such as Sutherland's differential association theory, is primarily criticized by feminists for relying upon male examples, using case studies of males only, and being a male-dominated perspective that glamorizes the male criminal, or at least the sociable, gregarious, active, and athletic characteristics of the male criminal.
Control theories, such as Hirschi's social bond theory, is primarily criticized by feminists for focusing almost exclusively on social class at the expense of gender and race. Feminists tend to focus on gender, and the interaction of gender and race (women of color) as obdurate, hardened, near-group characteristics that have about the same causative influence as class.
In 1975, two books, Freda Adler's Sisters in Crime and Rita Simon's Women and Crime proposed that the emancipation of women and increased economic opportunities for women allowed women to be as crime-prone as men. Simon also predicted that the criminal justice system would start treating men and women offenders equally. There is mixed empirical evidence for this emancipation or liberation thesis, and some would say that absolutely no empirical evidence exists for it and the notion is discredited (Chesney-Lind & Pasko 2004). Women are not committing the "big take" offenses (like stock fraud and other white collar crimes) men do. Instead, they are committing vastly different crimes than they did back in the 19th century (like poisoning). The chivalry thesis (that the criminal justice system treats women more leniently) also has produced mixed empirical results. In some ways, the system is more lenient; in other ways, it comes down more harshly. Sex differentials in sentencing are subject to a variety of interpretations, and not all feminists want the criminal justice system to treat women equally.
Studies of Patriarchy tend to look at everything from female membership in male-dominated professions to the "rape culture" with promotes female victimization. The study of patriarchy has allowed feminists to uncover hidden forms of violence (like leering) against women. Feminist critiques of pedagogy (how teachers teach) have also become quite common, as education, particularly criminal justice education, becomes the domain for discovering examples of male-dominated thinking and examples of the marginalization thesis (women being reminded that they are only women).
More Recent Female Theories
The role of extralegal factors in the administration of justice is a long-standing area of research. The bulk of studies have concluded that women are accorded more lenient treatment than men, however, whether this is a function of the lesser seriousness of the charges against them or something else remains unanswered. The most common hypotheses have involved the notions of chivalry and paternalism. Chivalry represents the idea that the criminal justice system puts women on a pedestal, and treats them like a protector. Paternalism is a more sinister view of the criminal justice system, that women are treated more childlike or mentally challenged. See Crew (1991) for a good review of how researchers have tried to separate the chivalry and paternalism factors.
Another area of research related to the study of chivalry and paternalism involves the evil woman hypothesis (Erez 1992), which involves a conception of female offenders processed by the system as being "unladylike" and violating gender-role expectations. Such offenders usually receive no leniency. Again, this approach, like Hagan's power-control theory, is a not-so-subtle variant of the liberation hypothesis.
Sex differentials are rarely statistically significant. This does not mean, however, that this area of study is not socially significant or meaningful in other ways. Research in this area does tend to shed light on extralegal factors (things that should not influence the justice system) as well as how systems of informal social control merge, mix, or influence formal system of social control. There is also the matter of finding a theoretical framework or model in which to do feminist scholarship in criminology. One of the problems is this last area is the seeming inability of such scholarship to find itself into refereed journals. Most feminist criminology is the subject of presentations at professional conferences or in venues other than the publication outlets that male criminologists use.
Reliable statistics on the extent of female crime are hard to come by. It is widely known, for example, that females usually account for about 15% or 17% of all violent crime and 28% of all property crime. However, there has been about a 140% increase in the number of crimes committed by women since 1970, and the upward trend is steady. Researchers typically track female offenders on FBI Part II offenses since they far outnumber men in two Part II categories: prostitution and runaway. However, they have significant numbers in embezzlement (41%), fraud (39%), forgery (36%), and larceny-theft (33%). For homicide, one of the most frequently-cited facts is a Justice Department study in 1991 which found females who were incarcerated for murder were twice as likely as men incarcerated for murder to have killed an intimate (husband, boyfriend, or child). Female serial killers also account for 8% of all American serial killers. Hickey's (2002) subsample of 62 females out of 399 serial killers found the following methods and motives.
|1. Poison (80%)
2. Shooting (20%)
3. Bludgeoning (16%)
4. Suffocation (16%)
5. Stabbing (11%)
6. Drowning (5%)
|1. Money (74%)
2. Control (13%)
3. Enjoyment (11%)
4. Sex (10%)
5. Drugs, Cult involvement, cover up, or feelings of inadequacy (24%)
Among female offenders, minorities compose a slightly larger percentage of the inmate population than among male offenders. Female offenders are also slightly older (by at least three years) than typical male offenders, and the average age of a female offender is 30+ years of age. Only 28% of all female offenders are juveniles. Between two and three million female offenders are arrested every year, and 60% of them tell the police they have experienced physical or sexual abuse in the past. The vast majority of female offenders commit their crime alone, alcohol and drugs are involved most of the time, and the most common places where the crime occurs is near a tavern, at home, or in the workplace. Female offenders are more likely to use their fists and feet when they assault somebody, as opposed to men who are more likely to use a weapon, the exception to this being use of a knife, which is about equally likely for men as it is for women.
Every year, about 11,000 children are killed by their parents, and mothers or stepmothers account for about half of these murders, actually slightly more than half (statistics vary from 53% to 57%). The most typical pattern is for a female offender to kill a child while the child is young or still an infant. When fathers or stepfathers murder their children, the child is typically age 8 or older. Here's a comparison table of who kills whom based on 1998 data:
It is somewhat controversial, and indeed, a key research question, if female crime is more violent today than in the past (Chesney-Lind & Pasko 2004). Lest the reader get the impression that female offenders are strongly involved in violent crime, it is important to remember that they are much more heavily involved in property crime, followed perhaps by drug offenses and nuisance crimes, like prostitution. Larceny-theft is not only the most common crime in America, but it is the offense category in which female offenders predominate. Larceny-theft entails a variety of crimes characterized by the taking away of someone else's property. Examples of larceny-theft include shoplifting, credit card fraud, bad check writing (naive check forgery), price tag switching, welfare fraud, telemarketing fraud, con games, improper title transfers of property, real estate fraud, motor vehicle registration fraud, intellectual property theft, theft or false complaining about food, lodging, or services. In all these offense categories, female offenders are heavily involved, and qualitative research suggests that they typically see their behavior as an entitlement, habit, or way of life. In fact, almost all female crime is concentrated in just two offense categories: larceny-theft and drugs.
Larceny-theft by women is composed first and foremost of arrests for shoplifting, and the study of shoplifting has a long legacy in criminology (Cameron 1953). Some estimates are as high as 80% of all shoplifters being women, and although men sometimes engage in shoplifting, women are far more likely to steal more items than men, steal items from several stores, and steal items of lesser value. Men shoplift by knowing what they want, coming in the store, and stealing it. Women shop around, and are often so mesmerized by the seductive properties of an object they see for the first time that they feel they have to steal it. Women tend to steal clothing, cosmetics, jewelry, and personal hygiene products, in that order. Both women and men are equally likely to steal something they don't really need, but women are more likely to steal necessities. Studies of modern shoplifting patterns among women (e.g. in Morris 1987) indicate that women may be more frequently caught for this offense simply because store detectives are on the lookout more often for women than men. Embezzlement is the next most common type of offending in the larceny-theft category, and a good deal of this is bank embezzlement. 60% of women convicted of embezzlement were bank tellers. Pilfering or stealing from one's own employer is also quite common, and generally doesn't support the legal charge of embezzlement, but is counted as some type of fraud or business offense. Studies that have been done on female embezzlers (Zietz 1981) indicate that most are fairly careless or foolish in how they go about it, often forgetting to cover or disguise their tracks.
With drug offenses, female offenders are much more likely to be arrested and charged with possession, as opposed to males, who are more likely to be charged with trafficking or intent to deliver. Likewise, with public order offenses, such as driving while intoxicated, where women are much more likely than men to receive probation. With nuisance offenses like prostitution, it depends upon the jurisdiction where there might be variable degrees of community tolerance. Finally, there are some interesting regional variations in female crime. States like Texas and California (followed by Florida, New York, Ohio, Illinois, Georgia, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Michigan) tend to have inordinately large female offender populations. This may be because those states are tougher on female criminals, or there may be something in those regions that is associated with the causes of female crime. Women arrested for DUI tend to be older than men who are arrested for DUI, and the average age range for male DUI arrest is the mid-thirties. Women also tend to drink alone, for escapist reasons, and to deny treatment (Coles 1991). Any substance abuse counselor will tell you that there are significant gender differences in addiction and alcoholism. Women tend to rationalize their addiction in gendered ways with drugs being used as appetite suppressants (tobacco, cocaine, meth) or as refuge from strained family relationships (alcohol and marijuana). A body of research indicates that women are more likely to become polydrug users than men, and to be more ready to experiment with drugs such as heroin. Another line of significant research has looked at crack cocaine, and specifically the notion of "crack pipe as pimp" which means that an exploitative form of prostitution has been developed by men around women's addiction to crack cocaine. Men are to blame for developing the crack culture since men have discovered that crack is extremely good at reducing a woman's inhibitions. Harrowing stories of crack-for-sex abound in the literature.
I don't know how useful this may be to readers, but I've managed to maintain a list of significant writers and researchers in the field, although I make no guarantees that it is complete and hasn't left somebody out, but the fact that such a list can be easily assembled gives some idea of how small the field actually is.
ADLER, Freda. author of Sisters in Crime 1975
predicts new female criminal based on women's liberation
ADLER, Patricia. co-author of 1985 Wheeling & Dealing ethnographer of drug dealing, sports
AGETON, Suzanne. author of Sexual Assault among Adolescents 1983 delinquency researcher
BASKIN, Deborah. routine activities researcher of female robbery using knife and fists
BERNARD, Jessie. popular feminist of motherhood
BLOCK, Carolyn. ecological homicide researcher, co-author of Homicide in Chicago with husband, Richard
BOX-GRAINGER, Jill. left realist theorist of rape
BRAITHWAITE, John. male labeling theorist who writes about women
BRANTINGHAM, Patricia. co-author of Patterns in Crime 1984 ecological/learning researcher
BROWNE, Angela. author of 1987 When Battered Women Kill
BROWNMILLER, Susan. author of Against Our Will 1975 rape as violence, men as natural predators
CAMERON, Mary Owen. author of The Booster & The Snitch 1964 studied shoplifters (80% female)
CAMPBELL, Anne. author of 1991 The Girls in the Gang female gang ethnographer
CANTER, Rachelle. researcher of sex differential in crime and family correlates of female delinquency.
CARINGELLA-MACDONALD, Susan. marxist researcher on rape, race and gender, feminist peacemaking
CAUFIELD, Susan. peacemaking criminologist
CAVAN, Ruth. Chicago-school sociologist of prostitution and suicide, comparative delinquency
CAVAN, Sherri. author of Liquor License ethnographer of b-girls
CHESNEY-LIND, Meda. co-author of 1988 "Feminism and Criminology" Justice Quarterly, 5, 497-538: synthesized feminist criminology, researched chivalry, female inmates
CLARK, Shirley. early learning theory researcher
COHEN, Jacqueline. rational choice and lambda (crime persistence) researcher
COHN, Ellen. author of "Weather & Crime" 1990, researcher of famous criminologists
COWIE, Valerie. co-author of 1968 Delinquency in Girls female offender as lumpish, uncouth & ungraceful.
CRITES, Laura. editor of 1976 The Female Offender
DALY, Kathleen. co-author of 1988 "Feminism and Criminology" Justice Quarterly, 5, 497-538: synthesized feminist criminology, researcher of white-collar crime by females
DATESMAN, Susan. strain researcher of female crime
DAVIS, Nanette. labeling/critical theorist of prostitution
DeKESEREDY, Walter. male socialist feminist, author of 1991 Woman Abuse
DOBASH, Rebecca. co-author of 1979 Violent Against Wives along with husband, Russell
DWORKIN, Andrea. author of 1987 Intercourse idea of all men as loving death and murder
EREZ, Edna. victimologist and researcher of situational influences on planned offenses
ESTRICH, Susan. author of 1987 Real Rape rape victim/law professor, debunked "jump-out-of-bushes"
FARNWORTH, Margaret. strain/integrated theorist of female crime
FIGUEIRA-McDONOUGH, Josefina. a strain theory researcher
FISHBEIN, Diana. psychobiologist of female crime
GARTNER, Rosemarie. women and crime cross-national studies
GIALLAMBARDO, Rose. early researcher of womens' prisons
GIDO, Rosemary. researcher of women in corrections
GILLIGAN, Carol. author of In a Different Voice 1982 moral development theorist, female ethic of care
GIORDANO, Peggy. strain researcher of female crime
GLUECK, Eleanor (& Sheldon). 500 Delinquent Women 1934 eclectic researcher/theorist
GOETTING, Ann. labeling theorist and researcher of women who kill
GOTTFREDSON, Denise. routine activities researcher and preventive intervention specialist
GRAY, Phyllis. strain/learning researcher
GRIFFIN, Susan. author of widely reproduced 1971 article "Rape: An All-American Crime"
HAGAN, John. male conflict theorist who writes about women
HALE, Donna. differential treatment researcher of policing and criminal justice system
HARRIS, Anthony. male masculinity theorist of sex-scripts
HARRIS, M. Kay. feminist peacemaking theorist
HEIDENSOHN, Frances. British researcher of female deviance
HEYL, Barbara. sociologist of prostitution, debunked nymphomania
HINDELANG, Michael. replicated many studies on sex differentials in offending
HORNEY, Julie. researcher of judicial decision making
HOROWITZ, Ruth. researcher of female chicano gangs, welfare
HUNT, Jennifer. differential treatment researcher of policing
JACKSON, Pamela Irving. researcher of policing
JAMES, Jennifer. researcher/theorist of prostitution; cognitive psychologist, females minimize risk
JENKINS, Patricia Harris. control researcher of social bonds and school delinquency
JURIK, Nancy. labeling theorist and researcher of women who kill
KLEIN, Dorie. synthesized psychobiology literature in "The Etiology of Female Crime"
KONOPKA, Gisela. author of The Adolescent Girl. 1966, isolation and love deprivation explanations
KORNHAUSER, Ruth. criticizer of traditional theories
KRUTTSCHNITT, Candace. labeling researcher of differential treatment and statuses related to gender
LEONARD, Eileen. textbook writer who recasted old theories, 1982 Women, Crime & Society
LEVER, Janet. sports sociologist, only 37% of girls' games competitive: girls play, boys game
LOMBROSO-FERRERO, Gina. daughter of Lombroso, popularized her father's ideas.
LUXENBURG, Joan. prostitution researcher, peacemaking theorist
McCARTHY, Belinda. differential sentencing, ethics researcher
McCORD, Joan. co-author of 1959 Origins of Crime; inconsistent discipline causes crime
MACCOBY, Eleanor. cognitive psychologist of sex differences
MACDONALD, Joan. rape researcher, women in professions, educational theory with husband J. Garofalo
MACKINNON, Catherine. Marxist researcher of rape, all sex is coercion, all men are warmongers
MANN, Coramae Richey. researcher of black female homicide, racism and sexism
MESSERSCHMIDT, James. male socialist feminist, author of 1993 Masculinities and Crime
MILLETT, Kate. author of radical feminist text Sexual Politics 1970 coined the term "patriarchy"
MOORE, Joan. researcher along with Ruth Horowitz on Chicano gangs and migration factors
MORASH, Mary. researcher of female gangs & recidivism
MORRIS, Ruth. author of 1964 "Female Delinquency and Relational Problems"
MOULDS, Elizabeth. chivalry researcher
MOYER, Imogene. researcher of womens' prisons, educational theorist
MYERS, Martha. researcher of court discrimination
NAFFINE, Ngaire. author of 1987 Female Crime criticizer of traditional theories
NAGEL, Ilene. power-control researcher of court discrimination
OAKLEY, Annie. popular feminist of sex and gender roles
OBUDEKUN, Lola. researcher of differential sentencing
PETERSILIA, Joan. learning theorist and policy researcher
PETERSON, Ruth. researcher of female offense patterns and trends
POLLAK, Otto. author of 1950 Criminality of Women which saw female offender as sneaky
RADFORD, Jill. left realist researcher of crimes against women
RAFTER, Nicole. marxist critical theorist of crimes against women, prisons, integrated theory
RENZETTI, Claire. author of Violent Betrayal 1992 which analyzes partner abuse in lesbian relationships
RICHARDS, Pamela. author along with Brenda Forster of 1979 Crime as Play; middle class theorist
ROSS, Catherine. powerlessness researcher with John Mirowsky, scale developer, strain theorist
RUCKER, Lisa. prison researcher, peacemaking theorist
RUSSELL, Diana. author of Rape in Marriage 1982 and co-author of Femicide 1992; politics of crime
SANDAY, Peggy. author of Fraternity Gang Rape 1990; male bonding rituals
SCHWENDINGER, Julia. co-author of 1983 Rape & Inequality & 1985 Adolescent Subcultures; notion of crime as human rights violation, Marxist feminist, conflict theorist with husband Herman
SCUTT, Jocelynne. australian learning researcher; liberation thesis tester
SHEEHY, Gail. sociologist of prostitution, debunked nymphomania
SIMON, Rita. author of The Contemporary Woman 1975 predicts new female criminal, end of chivalry
SIMPSON, Sally. author of 1989 "Feminist Theory, Crime & Justice"; synthesizer, white collar researcher
SMART, Carol. author of 1976 Women, Crime & Criminology criticizer of traditional theories
SMITH, Douglas. male learning researcher of female crime, studied sex differentials and aging-out
SOMERVILLE, Dora. co-author of 1975 The Delinquent Girl female offender as nymphomaniac
SPOHN, Cassia. researcher of judicial decision making
STANKO, Elizabeth. author of Intimate Intrusions 1985 criminal justice system as 2nd assailant
STEINMETZ, Suzanne. family researcher and author 1978 "The Battered Husband Syndrome"
STEFFENSMEIER, Darrell. male liberal feminist, researcher of sex differentials, masculinity theorist
STOUTHAMER-LOEBER, Magda. synthesizer of family research, co-author of Rolf Loeber
STRAUS, Murry. male strain researcher of spouse abuse, conflict tactics scale, 1980 Behind Closed Doors
SUTHERLAND, Anne. deviance researcher of gypsies & women hustlers
SWIGERT, Victoria. labeling theorist, integrationist, 1976 Murder, Inequality and the Law
THOMAS, Dorothy. wife of W.I. Thomas, popularized her husband's ideas
TRIPLETT, Ruth. labeling researcher of self-image
VAN VOORHIS, Patricia. researcher on family factors, prison classification methods
VISHER, Christy. researcher of chivalry and career criminals
WALKER, Lenore. author of 1984 The Battered Woman Syndrome
WARNER, Barbara. researcher of policing
WARSHAW, Ruth. author of I Never Called It Rape 1988; campus party culture, quota systems
WIDOM, Cathy. researcher of early abuse experiences in women and men
WILSON, Margo. researcher of male sexual proprietariness and spousal homicide
WILSON, Nancy. researcher of women in CJ education
WISE, Nancy. researcher of middle class delinquency
WONDERS, Nancy. peacemaking criminologist
WOOTEN, Barbara. early mala in se/mala prohibita theorist
YOUNG, Vernetta. researcher/theorist of black female offending
ZAHN, Margaret. researcher of female violence, homicide, sudden rage
ZATZ, Marjorie. researcher of differential sentencing
Comprehensive, general, unified, synthetic, grand, and configurational -- these are just some of the terms routinely encountered as synonymous with the term "integrated." Theoretical integration became quite the fashionable thing to do in the 1980s, and numerous criminologists have debated the advantages and disadvantages. It is important for students to know what integration is, what it is not, what it really is, how it is done, and the criteria for proper assessment. A couple of criteria for "good" integrated theory are adequacy and utility. Adequacy refers to the ability to keep up with recent developments or emerging trends, and utility refers to how well a theory addresses recurrent dilemmae in social science.
One must avoid the so-called integrationist error which diverts attention from matters of substance to matters of form. Integrative efforts have, by convention, been interdisciplinary efforts, and to some degree, imperialistic as they step all over the turf of other disciplines. Sometimes it is good to see what other disciplines are doing, but in most cases, there is a need to be singular and get one's own house in order. A basic rule is that one should not do integration for the sake of integration. There must be more lofty goals involved. In the grand tradition of systems theory, there is believed to be a common language (isomorphism) that can be identified for all disciplines, and it may be important to find and use that language for integrated theory. For example, Karl Menninger's sin-crime-illness model is isomorphic in the sense that all societies seem to go through a sequential stage of defining a problem as sinful, then criminal, and then as some sort of disease to be cured. Other criminologists have thought about self-control and social defense as endpoints of a spectrum, and criminal justice, of course, has the concept of pendulum swing between due process and crime control. It's important to build on these efforts, and not neglect them.
What Integrated Theory is Not
What is called an integrated theory of the middle range often amounts to conceptual borrowing, or conceptual integration. It's the easiest thing to do, but it rests on looseness of operationalization. A conceptual borrower frequently argues that even though the hypothetical constructs are different, they mean the same thing for explanatory purposes. Such a theorist is basically taking liberties with validity and reliability to construct integrated theory in this manner. An interdisciplinary facade often masks reductionism. Synthesis becomes the grouping of concepts within concepts. Explanation is often sacrificed for prediction. OBI (Obliteration By Incorporation) occurs, or theorists fall victim to the "Wozzle Effect," where terms with qualification and richness change meaning and are passed on thru multiple references in the literature. There's too much of this already, and it should cease.
Another "bad" approach is what some people call metatheory. Here, testability is avoided, and a noncompetitive theoretical environment is sought, and the theorist argues for things like "open space" to enlarge room for discourse. Metatheory can be an orienting strategy for a discipline that has lost its way, but a metatheory also has antipathy for unit theories, implying the latter were deliberately designed to produce ambiguous hypotheses. Metatheory does not engage in reductionism but instead engages in abstraction to the neglect of one or another discipline. It is best seen as an effort to wipe out the remnants of some discipline, like biology or psychology. Within criminology, it can be argued that sociology is the metatheory. Metatheory commits the fallacy of affirming the consequence. Metatheory, when done properly, is always at the presuppositional level, never at the level of explanation.
What Integrated Theory Really Is
Criminology has all forms of social organization and behavior as its subject matter. The level of explanation problem derives from the field's long-standing interest in conformity. It is sometimes just as important to ask why people obey the law as it is to ask why they disobey it. Types of integration that derive from this approach are called "general", "unified", or "synthetic", and try to subsume motivational, interactionist, and systemic domains. The reduction is often to a social psychology that bridges the micro-macro gap, either frustration-aggression or relative deprivation, or in other cases, reduction to some type of social psychological concept.
Other attempts at integration derive from a long-standing recognition of the relativity of deviance. What is considered "bad" or "wrong" is, of course, always in the eye of the beholder. Variously called "comprehensive", "grand", or "configurational" theory, these kinds of efforts aim at unification or convergence, although the claim is much more modest, such as saying the time is right to recognize more inclusive definitions of phenomena under study. Perhaps integrated criminology should be less modest, but I imagine that criminologists who remember wouldn't want a return to the grand, ecumenical scheme of Parsonian sociology. Parsons saw convergence everywhere, yet there is this thrust within the integrated theory movement that we are experiencing a "glut" of too many ideas, and they all need to be connected somehow.
How Integrated Theory is Really Done
There are a number of schemes for doing integrated theory. One method, called parallel integration, or "side-by-side" integration, partitions the act and actor characteristics, while avoiding a "hardening of the categories." Theorists who go down this route are usually those applied criminologists who want to achieve something useful for practitioners or law enforcement. The FBI and Justice Department is infamous for this because all they do is take the best ideas of all the criminological theories, such as strain, learning, and control, and lay them alongside one another as some sort of "master" theory producing such things as the idea that all crime is caused by blocked economic opportunity plus peer influence plus improper parenting. Real theorists are genuinely interested in creating a structure-process synthesis that asks what comes first instead of laying ideas side by side. Often the result of parallel integration is an ideal-type typology, the better ones leaving room for exceptions and particulars. Parallel integration should mean that individual differences can be construed as heterogeneity without marginality, but frequently it results in stereotypes. This method should have some appeal to feminists and those who study ethnic minorities, but it is ironic that we don't see more typologies from them. Perhaps they are afraid of stereotyping, or having their ideas co-opted by law enforcement.
Next, there is a method called sequential integration, or "end-to-end" integration, which involves careful causal ordering of variables to focus on intervening or mediating influences. Sometimes, this method is called elaboration by statisticians. Both graphic depiction and quantitative tests usually show the last variable as the best predictor. One can, of course, reverse the independent and dependent variables across unit theories, or do what is called "contextual analysis." The latter is not so much ecological as it is an attempt to find natural, quasi-experimental situations in lieu of statistical manipulation of the independent variable. Integrated criminology often cannot manipulate the independent variable, not can it wait for the resolution of controversies in quantitative methodology. Theory ought to be way out ahead of statistics anyway. Sequences can be cycles or spirals, traced-back from outcomes, traced-forward from episodes, or traced-through stages, steps, periods, or phases, with all sorts of stage-skipping opportunities. Sequential integration calls attention to the need for a developmental criminology or a dialectical criminology.
Finally, there is a method called deductive integration, or "up-and-down" or "top-to-bottom" integration, which identifies a level of abstract generality, and generates or synthesizes new concepts. Lesser units are subsumed as a special case of the grand theory. The Herculean task is to synthesize along logico-deductive lines while avoiding both revisionism and reductionism. This approach derives from criminological eclecticism, going back to the Gluecks, and explicitly refuses to make a priori assumptions about the relative importance of any level or concepts within and between levels. Often, the focus is upon the points of contact between processes, as in the conflict-accommodation-consensus paradigm. I don't mean to sound pessimistic, but it is doubtful if an encyclopedic criminology can ever be developed in this fashion. This is the most difficult way to do integration.
The first requirement for a "good" integrated theory is a clear and explicit epistemology. It is wrong to equate epistemology with ideology, as some critics are prone to do. Recent epistemological developments in criminology include a hedonistic, utilitarian, tension-reduction model (as in low self control theory), sensual compulsions and meaningful seductions (as in Katz' seductions of crime theory), and the situational ethics of attribution theory (as in some developmental and interactionist theories). Hedonism, of course, has been the dominant epistemology in criminology, and it has some merit, but criminology needs more than another revised utilitarianism, or form of hedonism. Sentience does not imply hedonism. Learning theory, for example, could really benefit from a look at possible altruistic centers in the brain, and intelligence theories should really look at different kinds of intelligence. Sensuality may also be important, and this seems to be what some feminists are getting at. Sensuality directs our attention to the foreground rather than background of the actor. Far too often, however, when we study sensuality, we stick with a Marxian social psychology, a theology of good and evil, or collapse into that form of cognitive reductionism called phenomenology. Again, we need an epistemology that not only tells us what we know, but provides some moral guidance. Moral relativism and situational morality should be unacceptable in criminology.
The Importance of Epistemology
The basic epistemological problem for criminology is voluntarism vs. determinism, or the free will vs. determinism debate. This is represented in most textbooks by the classical and positive schools, and it is what has separated criminology from law, since law is based on the assumption of voluntarism and science is based on the assumption of determinism. The tension is so bad in criminology that students are often exposed to images of the criminal that vary between romanticized "Robin Hoods" redistributing wealth and compulsive mesomorphs with a "monkey on their back." Nor is the problem confined to criminology. Law has its own problems. Any scientific jurisprudence would create anomic states between freedom and responsibility, with civil law taking up the slack. To keep down on the growth of civil law, we've created a relatively unscientific criminal law that presumes intent in the form of free will. Hobbes once pointed out that "To omit responsibility is the definition of sin." What is needed is something along the lines of a multidimensional epistemology that recognizes the compatibility of free will and necessity, and probably draws upon the concepts of intuition, counter-intuition, apperception, and analytic realism (like Whitehead's philosophy in the early 20th Century or the law's feeble grasp on concepts like nexus). Parsons's unique approach to the mind-body problem may also be useful. At the risk of sounding ridiculous, let me try to illustrate how a multidimensional epistemology would work. Free will would be seen as sometimes coming from outside the actor instead of always inside the actor. Determinism could be seen as sometimes coming from inside the actor. Such an epistemology can be combined with situational or sensualistic assumptions, and points of contact, or interpenetration, would get at the warp and woof of social life.
Another task for integrated criminology is to address the question of what human nature is really like. The task is not so much to explain human nature nor is it an atomistic exercise at outlining parts of the self, like psychology is so happy to keep on doing. Instead, criminologists ask the question "how can an individual be both cause and consequence of society," and indeed, this is a sociological question going all the way back to Comte. Criminologists are intimately engaged in the study of reciprocal effects. The core content areas of criminology such as aggression and conformity, or violence and nonviolence, have been usurped by other disciplines, but it is up to criminology to shed light on the whole "homo duplex" or "homo homini lupus" question. Sociologists only theorize about it, but criminologists are tasked with the responsibility for testing it.
There may be no such thing as a "personality" and some criminologists, such as Hirschi & Gottfredson have suggested that the term "disposition" may be a much better term. The persistence of the personality notion probably derives from the influence of Freud on criminology, and it may be time to abandon Freud. But there is another tradition in social psychology, the social structure and personality approach, which provides ideas consistent with what criminologists mean by disposition. Personality no longer means a stable set of propensities. Dispositions refer to motivational urges against societal pressures. The idea of urges at the personality level is isomorphic with what some call "salience" at the macro-level. Both terms capture the reciprocal process of being both product and producer as well as incorporate human diversity. Integrated theory may want to usurp the social structure and personality approach. To some extent, this is done with character studies, identity theories, and life events models, but some better points of entry are possible. In any event, criminologists who write criminological theory need to stop ending their discussions with the beginnings of an implicit social psychology.
As Akers and others have repeatedly pointed out, a major problem in criminology is the consensus-conflict debate, and the best that can be concluded is that all theories are partly correct, partly wrong, and none wholly adequate. In one sense, the problem of order exists at the presuppositional level, and doesn't really matter, but in another sense, it is vitally important because it is concerned with the notions of concentricity and equifinality of social control. In other words, we will never have a rational system of punishment until we resolve this problem.
The functionalist legacy has left the indelible idea that disapproved behavior plays a major part in social order. Newer conceptions of deviance have emphasized social control as a causative variable. The consensus-conflict debate today concentrates on the control side, with deviance, crime, and craziness being little more than residual categories of a focus on deterrence and punishment. Typologies of control need to be more than simple dichotomies of coercive-noncoercive, formal-informal, official-unofficial. They need to get back to the classic problem of order which informed formulated social control in the first place as relatively spontaneous and invisible. For the very reason that social forces may be invisible, it may be preferable that integrated criminology follow an order rather than conflict perspective. A completely ordered society exists only hypothetically, and consensus is mostly a compromise between discordant values such as liberty and responsibility or individualism and collectivism. The concept of boundaries best captures this vital balance, and far too many conflict approaches ignore this.
Human behavior is a continuous flow of conduct. It is only analytically that we type it into series of acts. What integrates society does not have to be the same thing that socializes people. An image of hyperactive humans desperately seeking socialization is not realistic when actors are conceived of as ever a process and never a product. Structure logically precedes action, and there are limits to the "morphogenic tendency" where roles are created out of "as if" behavior which is periodically appraised in negotiation, compromise, and bargaining. These interactions are what others have referred to as feedback loops or the influence of reference groups, the latter being a good example of both input and output loops in the study of human agency. Whether the output are subcultures or the input is the residual effect of deterrence, feedback loops are institutional mechanisms of human agency that generate both old and new (negative and positive) forms of human behavior which theoretically sequence with historical circumstances and situational strains. Norms and roles only specify a range of acceptable behavior, and integrated criminology should be sensitive to the processual nature of simultaneity.
In many ways, the structure-process debate is an argument over rationality. It is a fact that individuals have motivations and people do seem to choose favorable alternatives while avoiding unfavorable ones. However, there are two basic problems with this conception of rationality. One, there are distinct limits to the capacities of human beings to be forever calculating and maximizing. Actors will do well to reach a level of satisficing, a strategy of allowing certain things to run routinely. Two, there is the problem of incommensurability. How are different rewards and costs to be measured on an equivalent scale? Most theorists in criminology have resorted to a cognitive solution at the expense of affect and emotion which are wrongfully perceived as nonrational components. What is lacking in this approach is adequate treatment of emotion, the reasons why people would not seek their best advantage. It has little to do with satiation effects and more to do with the action propensities of emotion. A theory of general and specific emotion is lacking, although some scholars regard fear, hate, happiness, and sadness as primary and cross-cultural. Others call socially constructed feelings as "sentiments," but the point is I don't believe we should water down the importance of emotions. The empirical problem is how primary emotions link with ideas in evaluations, expectations, beliefs, and motivations, which in psychology is referred to as the attitude-belief controversy. Integrated criminology should be sensitive to these links since they are precisely the methods people use to cope with an overwhelming, complex number of objects and mutual incommensurability. The more neutral emotions, in particular, need investigation.
There is a need for something called futurist criminology, which is similar, but not quite the same as newsmaking criminology. It is a fact that old myths are frequently replaced by new myths. But it is also a fact that sophisticated criminals will use criminological theory as excuses for misbehavior. Rather than being behind them as a think tank for development of their motivational systems, it is preferable to be one step ahead, and incorporate "criminological vision" into our theories. A "criminological vision" is not incompatible with efforts toward a more egalitarian society nor with a critique of political economy. All criminologists wish for a restructuring of the competitive environment so that no human life is diminished. A futurist criminology might include what critical criminologists have for years said about the "politicization" of criminality. The nexus between criminologists and criminals deserves reconsideration. Criminals already have a futurist criminology. Criminologists need to be studying iconoclastic crime, or alienated, symbolic acts so diffuse in their methods that they defy explanation. Old theories are frequently overtaken by the rush of history. Today, law is not so much violated as ignored. Theories that do not yet exist can be brought into reality if integrated criminology includes a futurist component by extrapolating scenarios about criminal behavior that has not yet happened. This is the realm of comparative criminology, and it is perhaps the most difficult area to integrate because of culture-boundness. The hard work today is not the search for master trends, but the delineation of different paths, nonexistent at present, that different peoples can possibly take with different forms of capitalist, continental, Islamic, and broken-up socialist law. What may be needed is a law and personality approach in criminology.
Feminist Majority Foundation (Feminist.net)
A Feminist Perspective on Women & Crime
IGC Women'sNet
Ken Mentor's Feminist Criminology Page
Meda Chesney-Lind's Home Page
National Organization for Women
Paul's Justice Page on Integrating Criminologies by Gregg Barak
Rutger's Center for American Women & Politics
Sociological Theories of Deviance
Third WWWave
Tulane's Feminist Theory Page
U.S. Dept. of Justice study on Female Offenders (pdf)
Bernard, Thomas J., and Jeffrey B. Snipes. (1996). "Theoretical Integration in Criminology." In Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, vol. 20, edited by M Tonry, p. 301-348. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Cameron, M. (1953). "Department Store Shoplifting." Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University.
Chesney-Lind, M. (1988). "Girls in Jail." Crime & Delinquency 34:150-68.
Chesney-Lind, M. and L. Pasko. (2004). The Female Offender, 2e. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Chesney-Lind, M. and L. Pasko. (Eds.) (2003). Girls, Women, and Crime. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Coles, F. (1991). "Women, alcohol, and automobiles." Paper presented at the Western Society of Criminology meetings, Berkeley, CA (February).
Daly, K. and M. Chesney-Lind. (1988). "Feminism and Criminology." Justice Quarterly 5(4): 101-143.
Crew, K. (1991). "Sex Differences in Criminal Sentencing: Chivalry or Patriarchy?" Justice Quarterly, 8:59-83.
Erez, E. (1992). "Dangerous Men, Evil Women." Justice Quarterly 9:105-126.
Hagan, J., Simpson, J. & Gillis, A. (1987). "Class in the Household: A Power-Control Theory of Gender and Delinquency." American Journal of Sociology 92: 788-816.
Hickey, E. (2002). Serial Murderers and Their Victims. Belmont: Wadsworth.
Lombroso, C. & W. Ferrero. (1895). The Female Offender. NY: Appleton.
Messner, Steven F., Marvin D. Krohn, and Allen E. Liska. (1989). Theoretical Integration in the Study of Crime and Deviance. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Morris, A. (1987). Women, Crime, and Criminal Justice. NY: Basil Blackwell.
Naffine, N. (1987). Female Crime. London: Allen & Unwin.
Pearson, F., and N. Weiner. (1985). "Toward an Integration of Criminological Theories." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 76: 16-150.
Pollak, O. (1961). The Criminality of Women. NY: Barnes.
Siegel, L. (2004). Criminology: Theories, Patterns, & Typologies, 8e. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
Smart, C. (1976). Women, Crime, and Criminology. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Steffensmeier, D. "Sex Differences in Patterns of Adult Crime." Social Forces 58: 1080-1108.
Walby, S. (1990). Theorizing Patriarchy. London: Blackwell.
Zaplan, R. (1998). Female Offenders: Critical Perspectives & Effective Interventions. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Zietz, D. (1981). Women Who Embezzle or Defraud. NY: Praeger.
Last updated: Nov 30, 2006
Not an official webpage of APSU, copyright restrictions apply, see Megalinks in Criminal Justice
O'Connor, T. (Date of Last Update at bottom of page). In Part of web cited (Windows name for file at top of browser), MegaLinks in Criminal Justice. Retrieved from http://www.apsu.edu/oconnort/rest of URL accessed on today's date.


text:
Intimate Partner Violence: Your Legal Rights
Survivors of intimate partner violence have several avenues for redress, if they choose. The following provides a brief explanation of these options. You may also find helpful this information regarding the roles of persons in the criminal justice system, some of whom are referred to below.
Criminal prosecution:
This involves making a report to the police or to the local magistrate in which the abuse took place. Criminal prosecution might result in imprisonment of the abuser, or perhaps mandatory attendance in a batterers' intervention program. It could also result in probation, depending on the circumstances and the judge who hears the case. Generally speaking, most abusive individuals will only attend batterers' intervention groups if the court forces them.
- Protective Orders
- A protective order is a legal document issued by a state court that orders one person to stop harming another, and can include phone calls, emails, approaching within a specified distance of the victim, contacting the victim's family or friends, and more.
- The Commonwealth has several different types of orders and their availability is dependent on the type of abusive conduct and the relationship between the abuser and abused. A good overview of the types of orders in the Commonwealth.
- If an abuser violates a Protective Order, police are required by law to make an arrest. Protective orders can be useful tools, and may be worth the time and effort of securing them.
- The process for making a criminal complaint or obtaining a protective order can be quite complicated and difficult. The University Police Department has a victim advocate who can assist students, faculty and staff with information about these processes and can accompany victims to court or the magistrate. Contact the University Police Department at 434-924-7166 and ask to speak with the victim advocate, Angela Tabler. The Women's Center and the Office of the Dean of Students can also provide assistance with these processes or make contact with University Police on behalf of University community members. Outside the University, both the City of Charlottesville and County of Albemarle have victim-witness advocates who can walk you through the process of obtaining a protective order or other type of no-contact order.
Civil Suit:
A civil suit is an action brought by a private attorney against the abuser and may be an option for collecting damages and recovering costs relating to moving, therapy, and so on, if the batterer has any financial resources at all. One doesn't have to sue for money, however. It is possible to sue to force the abuser to get therapy, to return certain items, and so on.


text:
Posts Tagged «HSPA+»
Nexus 6: The best Android smartphone for wireless and LTE connectivity October 17, 2014 at 12:35 pm
Google's new Nexus is a monster of a phone, designed with wireless capabilities that outclass all other Android phones today. Launching with Android 5.0 Lollipop, it's sure to be the best flagship of the year.
iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus: The world's best phones for wireless and LTE connectivity September 11, 2014 at 11:05 am
With every release of the iPhone, Apple dramatically improves the wireless radio capabilities in ways that no other device maker has ever matched. With the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, Apple continues that trend, setting the bar even higher than ever before.
Europe and South Korea unite to standardize 5G, even though true 4G still isn't available June 16, 2014 at 12:30 pm
Europe, perhaps a little bit embarrassed about being so far behind the US's deployment of 4G LTE, has announced that it will work together with South Korea to develop the next-gen 5G standard. As you may be aware, though, all of this is much easier said than done: While carriers and marketing bods are keen to move onto 5G for obvious reasons (money!!!), the rest of the industry is still working on LTE and LTE Advanced, with no real intention of moving to 5G any time soon.
T-Mobile's LTE will cover 250 million people in 2014, everywhere in the US by 2015 March 14, 2014 at 9:45 am
Just before the one-year anniversary of the launch of the "Un-carrier", T-Mobile has announced the next round of network modernization upgrades. This upgrade cycle will bring LTE service to 250 million people by the end of the year, and 300 million by the summer of next year.
How to get on T-Mobile's super-fast 150Mbps 20+20 LTE bandwagon December 12, 2013 at 10:40 am
Over Thanksgiving week, T-Mobile quietly launched an upgraded version of its LTE network in Dallas. This network is capable of speeds beyond what most current LTE devices are capable of. But how is it doing it and how will it bring it to the top markets in the country?
T-Mobile launches Simple Global data, destroys roaming data bill October 21, 2013 at 9:25 am
Yesterday, T-Mobile's newest Uncarrier initiative went live, expanding the effective coverage for T-Mobile customers to over 100 countries worldwide. In these countries, T-Mobile customers no longer have to worry about excessive roaming bills and can truly afford to communicate while traveling the world.
A new solution for the spectrum crunch: Spectrum sharing June 4, 2013 at 10:36 am
There are few radio frequencies that can be allocated exclusively for mobile operators. Given how compressed most frequencies are, it becomes increasingly unlikely for more spectrum to be freed up for operators to use exclusively for cellular service. Enter spectrum sharing.
T-Mobile USA launches LTE network with breathtaking speeds March 27, 2013 at 7:52 am
Earlier today, T-Mobile officially announced the launch of LTE service. With this launch, all four major carriers now offer LTE service in the United States. Unlike its competitors, T-Mobile is ready to offer a fairly consistent and fantastic experience on both HSPA+ and LTE.
T-Mobile iPhone 5: The ultimate American iPhone, and cheaper too March 27, 2013 at 6:23 am
Earlier today, T-Mobile announced that it will offer the iPhone 5 to customers for its network. With this announcement, all four major carriers now offer it. But T-Mobile's iPhone is better than the others, in some subtle, but important ways.
Samsung Galaxy S4's hexaband LTE is awesome, but the US won't ever see it March 26, 2013 at 10:53 am
When Samsung unveiled the Galaxy S4 to the world, it promised that it would be a truly global phone by supporting more bands than any other LTE-enabled device. It is a bold promise that Samsung won't be able to back up in the USA.


text:
Mike Czarny
Mike Czarny
Mike and Mary in the Morning
Weekdays 5am to 9am
Email : firstname.lastname@example.com
Friend Mike on Facebook
Born in: Connecticut
Pets?: Boo – Boston Terrier and Jake – Really Fat Cat
Favorite Food: PIZZA
Favorite Drink: Water, lots of it.
Favorite STAR Artist(s): All of them but 2
Actor/Actress: Will Farrell
Favorite Movie: There IS only one movie… STAR WARS
TV Shows: Man Vs. Wild, The Office, Breaking Bad, Arrested Development, ANY L&O, ANY C.S.I., Ghost Adventures, NEWS, Dancing With The … wait, no…
First Album Purchased: Greased Lightning… it was on 45… anyone remember what that was? Bueller? Bueller?
Celebrities You'd Most Like to Meet: Bear Grylls
Favorite Ben & Jerry's Flavor: Everything But The…
Ideal Vacation: Sand + Water + Blue Sky + small huts where locals try to sell you stuff
Favorite Place in Vermont: Grand Isle State Park
What would you do if you weren't on the radio?: I'd supervise the front end at a grocery store
Something you do too much: Energy Shots
Favorite Snack: Tostitos Scoops with Green Mountain Gringo Salsa


text: The Comprehensive 14' CAT6 Crossover Cable (Orange) helps you connect your computers over the network and get 550 MHz of bandwidth. By reversing transmit and receive pairs on one end of the cable, you can connect computers directly to each other without a hub. This cable is also ideal for adding a hub without a crossover port.


text:
Full detailed profile on Victor Cassadine Played by Thaao Penghlis on General Hospital Daytime Soap Opera.
(Nikki Nelson/WENN.com)
Victor Cassadine
Actor: Thaao Penghlis
Who played Victor Cassadine over the years
Thaao Penghlis (1981; January 30, 2014 - present)
Useful information on Victor Cassadine
* Stole the Ice Princess diamond with his brothers Mikkos Cassadine and Anthony Cassadine and tried to freeze Port Charles.
Current: Director of the World Security Bureau
Past: Prince
Victor Cassadine first appeared in 1981 when he was helping his brothers Mikkos Cassadine and Anthony Cassadine in their attempt to take over the world. Together, they stole the infamous Ice Princess diamond and used it to create a weather machine to freeze out Port Charles. When Victor's girlfriend, actress Tiffany Hill, learned of his plans, she turned on him and helped Robert Scorpio and Luke and Laura Spencer take him and his brothers down.
Victor went to prison and was not heard from again until he returned to Port Charles in 2014. Newly instated as the head of the WSB, he was able to get criminal immunity for Dr. Liesl Obrecht in exchange for information she gave Victor. She was named the General Hospital chief of staff. It soon became clear that Victor was in love with Liesl, and worked hard to woo her.
But Victor was really in town to convince Dr. Robin Scorpio Drake to return with him to Cassadine Island in Greece, where Helena Cassadine and Stavros Cassadine, both thought dead at the hands of Luke and Laura, were actually alive and in a state of cryogenically frozen suspended animation. Victor told Robin that her friend, Jason Morgan, was also alive and frozen with them. If Robin came with him to save Stavros and Helena, she could save Jason too. This was the information Liesl exchanged to Victor for her freedom.
Tiffany Hill (dated)
Dr. Liesl Obrecht (flirtation)
Mikkos Cassadine (brother; deceased)
Helena Cassadine (sister-in-law)
Anthony Cassadine (brother; deceased)
Stavros Cassadine (nephew)
Stefan Cassadine (nephew; deceased)
Kristina Cassadine (niece; deceased)
Valentin Cassadine (nephew)
Dimitri Cassadine (cousin)
Petros Cassadine (cousin; deceased)
Alexis Davis (niece)
Samantha McCall Morgan (great-niece)
Kristina Corinthos Davis (great-niece)
Molly Lansing Davis (great-niece)
Nikolas Cassadine (great-nephew)
Spencer Cassadine (great-great-nephew)
Daniel Edward Morgan (great-great-nephew)
There are no additional images yet
At Crichton-Clark, Maxie and Nathan start making out over Peter's dead body. He realizes it isn't the best time or place and instead gives Maxie a sexy lesson in proper gun handling before she grabs the Aztec knife and they leave. Meanwhile, Dante bursts into Lulu's room, gun drawn. Stavros puts a scalpel to Lulu's neck and threatens to slit her throat, Cassadine style. Dante relents and kicks over his gun but then Lulu suddenly elbows Stavros in the gut so Dante can pounce. Lulu and the female doctor struggle, and Lulu is able to open the door with her badge long enough for police backup to see Dante. There's lots of shooting but they can't get in the room and Stavros pulls a gun on Dante. Lulu throws herself in front of the gun, insisting Stavros kill her first. In Victor's office, Obrecht interrupts his arrest by pulling a gun on Anna. Anna thinks this is about Faison and suggests Obrecht think about her son instead. Obrecht says she is – and suddenly shoots Victor. Anna can't believe it but Obrecht couldn't risk Victor escaping jail now that he knows the truth. The police backup come in and tell Anna that Dante is sealed in a room with Lulu and Stavros. Anna runs off with them while Obrecht apologizes to Victor. It's kill or be killed, but she regrets he had to die. Victor isn't dead and croaks out he'd hoped their kiss-kill relationship would end in a kiss – or a kill by his hand. She tells him they are the only two who know Nathan is not really his son, and the truth is far, far worse. Meanwhile, Jason punches out the clinic director and snatches his medical file. He takes the access badge off of the doctor and sneaks out of the room. He hides as Maxie and Nathan walk by, then enters a room to find Robin chained to a wall. She's ecstatic and realizes he can't talk and has a fever. He suddenly shoots off her handcuff and she admonishes him for not warning her, then gives him a big hug. Meanwhile, Maxie and Nathan open a door and find the doctor and director that Jason took out. Nathan wakes up the director who tells him the person who knocked them out was a priority patient of Mr. Cassadine. Outside the room with Stavros, Lulu and Dante, Anna has the men look for another way in. Inside, Stavros reminds Lulu that he can raise their child with or without her. Dante and Stavros struggle over the gun. It goes off, killing Stavros. Anna finally enters with backup and tells them Victor is dead just like Stavros. Back in his office, Stavros wants to know who Nathan's father is. Obrecht moves to put a pillow over Victor's face. He pushes a button in his vest and suddenly loud sirens and lights go off across the whole clinic. He tells Obrecht it is a contingency to protect against biological warfare, and in a few minutes all that will be left of the clinic will be a crater. He won't disclose how much time she has and she runs for it. As the sirens go off Anna leads another sweep of the clinic and is about to open the door holding Robin and Jason. Meanwhile, the clinic director tells Nathan and Maxie they have to leave since someone triggered the disrupt sequence.
Anna runs around the halls of Crichton-Clark with her gun out. She's surrounded by a squad. Scorpio sent them. She fills them in and announces that Victor is going down. They split up to search the building. Down the hall, after receiving a hormone injection, Lulu demands that Stavros re-shackle her and get lost. He explains that he's taking her away for a procedure. His doctor says that the injection was more than enough to make her ready. Dante barks as they drag her away. He bangs on the wall. Eventually, Anna finds him. He fills her in and badgers her to shoot off his cuffs. That works. They head through the corpse filled corridors. In another room, Lulu starts to feel the effects of a tranquilizer. She keels over. Stavros gropes her belly and intones that she will soon be carrying his baby. When he tries to anaesthetize her, she bites him. Meanwhile, Nathan holds a gun on Victor in his office and demands to know where Maxie is. Victor breaks the news that he's his father. The cop gets a confirmation from Obrecht. Victor wants to make up for lost time. Nathan isn't into having tea with psychos. He repeats his demand about Maxie. Cassadine thinks she may have wound up with Mr. Harrell. The cop heads out. His mother is impressed by how brave he was. "He gets that from me," Victor says. The DNA results come in. Victor is furious when they say that the DNA isn't a match. He pulls a gun on her. Anna kicks the door open and shoots the gun out of his hand. As she arrests him, Liesl pulls a gun on her. Down the hall, Peter explains to Maxie that her parents shot his father in the head. Peter senior wants to kill her himself. Maxie objects to being punished for something that happened before she was born. Peter gives his father an Aztec dagger. Before he can stick it in, Nathan rears his head and shoots him in the back. "Avenge me!" Peter gasps to his son as he dies. Peter junior and Nathan brawl. Maxie squeals. She grabs the dagger as Peter points his gun at the cop. She stabs him. He gasps, stumbles and collapses. Maxie and Nathan start making out. Around the corner, one of the Cassadine minions checks on Jason and his doctor for a progress report. Jason is in restraints and he's not happy. When the minion walks out, Dante corners him. Before he can barge into the room, the cop hears Lulu screaming and runs down the hall to her. The minion heads back into Jason's room and sees that he's escaped.
Click Here To Read Previous Related Archives On Victor Cassadine »


text:
Video: Postgame Report By Ryan Holt And Interviews With Matt Gordon and Coach Pearl
WORCESTER, Mass. - Sophomore Matt Gordon (Perth, Ontario) scored his first collegiate goal to tie the game with only 42 seconds left in the third period as the Holy Cross men's hockey team tied first-place RIT, 1-1, at the Hart Center on Friday evening. With the tie, the Crusaders are now 4-8-3 overall (4-5-3 Atlantic Hockey), while the Tigers are 8-5-1 overall (8-2-1 Atlantic Hockey). The tie snaps the Tigers' eight-game winning streak but their nine-game unbeaten streak of 8-0-1 is currently the longest in the country. These two teams will conclude the two-game weekend series on Saturday at 7:00 p.m.
The first period went scoreless as the Tigers outshot Holy Cross, 10-9, while the Tigers went 0-1 on the only power play of the period.
The Tigers took a 1-0 lead at 12:54 of the second period when Chris Saracino scored his second goal of the season. For the period, the Tigers outshot the Crusaders by a 7-6 margin, while Holy Cross went 0-3 on the man-advantage and the Tigers went 0-1.
Gordon's goal with just 42 seconds remaining in the third was on a power play and with an empty-net as Holy Cross had a two-man advantage. After receiving a pass from sophomore Jay Silvia (Burlington, Mass.), freshman Brendan Baker (Edina, Minn.) sent a pass that Gordon tipped by Tigers' goalie Jared DeMichiel to tie the contest at 1-1. Neither team was able to score again for the 1-1 overtime tie.
Freshman goalie Thomas Tysowsky (Amherst, N.Y.) made 24 saves and is now 4-6-3, while DeMichiel stopped 23 shots and is 7-5-1 on the season. The Crusaders went 1-4 on the power play and the Tigers went 0-2, while the Tigers outshot the Crusaders, 25-24.


text:
GREENEVILLE — A Greeneville man was charged with second-degree murder Friday after he allegedly shot and killed his brother, according to the Greene County Sheriff's Office.
Officers responded to a call about a shooting at 7:30 p.m. at 1695 Shelton Mission Road in which they found David Ray Nelson, who reportedly had been shot to death by his brother, Richard Kenneth Nelson.
The two men were involved in an argument prior to the shooting, according to Officer Brandon Baskette. As the argument continued, Richard Nelson reportedly grabbed a 12-gauge shotgun and shot David Nelson.
David Ray Nelson was pronounced dead at the scene.
Richard Kenneth Nelson was being held in the Greene County Detention Center in lieu of $125,000 bond. He is scheduled to appear in Greene County Sessions Court Wednesday.
Keep checking JohnsonCityPress.com for more information as it develops.


text:
In the darkroom and on the desktop, two artists are inspired to push the boundaries of photography.
"You've got my back. When a customer expects me to know something, I know where I can find it fast and get a clear, simple explanation." —Richard R.
more from our members »


text:
Home » Tags » Herradura
Articles Tagged: Herradura
Smoked Peach Ice Tea
1 ½ oz Herradura Reposado
½ oz Lemon Juice
1 ½ oz Peach Juice
1 ½ oz Earl Grey tea
¼ oz Simple Syrup
¼ oz Mezcal
1 Lemon Twist
1 Peach Slice
Fill a high ball with good quality cubed ice. Add all ingredients and stir thoroughly with a bar spoon. Garnish with a long lemon twist and/or a peach slice.
Courtesy of Herradura Reposado.… Read more
The Blue Stampede
If you're rooting for the Colts this Super Bowl Sunday, mix up some blue cocktails to show your love. This cocktail is perfect for making in a big batch and serving out of a punch bowl or pitcher. Easy Super Bowl entertaining! This recipe is from Herradura, which is appropriate since it means "horseshoe" in Spanish. Photo by Pirate Alice.… Read more
AFC Paloma
Entertaining an AFC crowd? Herradura Tequila created the AFC Paloma just for you. Into the NFC? Try the NFC Margarita.… Read more
NFC Margarita
For all you Arizona fans, Herradura Tequila created the NFC Herradura Margarita. If you're a Pittsburgh fan, check out the AFC Herradura Paloma.… Read more
Find Drinks by Ingredient
Find Drinks by Occasion
RecentNew DrinksComments
- The Well-Stocked Bar for Summer
- Cookout USA – Book Review
- Show Me the Chocolate
- Last Minute Gift Ideas from Guinness That Help Firefighters
- Deck the Halls with Less-Frizzled Hosts
This Week's Drink!
The Fall Punch
Ad: 300×600
DIY Cocktails
Fall Drinks
No post found
Skyscraper Ad


text:
March 7, 2008
WEST POINT, N.Y. - Holy Cross sophomore Briana McFadden (Wheaton, Md.) has been named the 2007-2008 Patriot League Player of the Year, as announced by the league at the women's basketball tournament banquet tonight.
Earlier in the week, McFadden was named to the All-Patriot League first team. She leads the league in free throw percentage, ranks second in scoring and sixth in both three-point field goal percentage and in three-point field goals made. McFadden leads the Crusaders with 13.8 points per game and fourth on the team in rebounds, averaging 3.4 boards per game. McFadden is also ranked third on the team in assists (50), steals (24), and blocks (12). She scored a career-high 28 points against Albany (Nov. 23) and tied her career-high in rebounds with seven versus Florida (Dec. 28). She led Holy Cross in scoring 14 of its 29 games including seven of the 14 Patriot League contests this year.
McFadden also set new records in this season, tying the school record for best free throw percentage in a single game, going 11-for-11 from the charity stripe on Dec. 29. She also tied the school record for consecutive free throws in a single game with 11.
McFadden was acknowledged earlier in the year as she was named the Patriot League Player of the Week (Feb. 4) for the first time in her career.
The three other major awards announced were Defensive Player of the Year Margaree King from Army, Rookie of the Year Cassie Consedine from Navy, and Coach of the Year Melissa McFerrin from American.
The second seeded Crusaders will face seventh-seeded Navy in the quarterfinals of the Patriot League Tournament on Saturday, March 8 at 5:00 p.m. The game will be played at the Christl Arena on the campus of the U.S. Military Academy.


text: > I'm no security guru, but securing communications between > OpenBSD servers is easily done with IPsec. > > No you can use any service between the machines without fear > of sniffers. Besides, IPsec in OpenBSD works very good, and is > kinda fun setting up. Thanks for the tip, I appreciate it. I'm not a security guru either, so this is probably a dumb question, but don't you still have the same problems with services like NFS that you had before? If I use IPsec to encrypt the traffic between a linux box and an openbsd box, and if they're sharing files with NFS, and if the linux box gets cracked, doesn't that put my openbsd box in danger?


text:
A Conversation with Dr. Hans Mark
Wed, April 13, 2011 • 12:00 PM - 1:00 PM • WC Hogg 4.104, the Plan II Honors office/Common Room (Hogg Heaven)
Professor Hans Mark
A Conversation with Dr. Hans Mark
Plan II will host "A Conversation with Dr. Hans Mark," a discussion with one of UT's most distinguished faculty members.
Dr. Mark specializes in the study of spacecraft and aircraft design, electromagnetic rail guns, and national defense policy.
He earned his Ph.D. in physics from MIT and has taught at Boston, MIT, UC Berkley, Stanford and UT Austin. Dr. Mark served as director of NASA-Ames Research Center, secretary of the Air Force, director of the National Reconnaissance Office, deputy administrator of NASA (overseeing Shuttle and ISS programs), director of Defense Research and Engineering for the Department of Defense and chancellor of the UT System.
Dr. Mark will be teaching a TC 325 course for Plan II during the Fall 2011 semester titled "American Technology and Victory in the Cold War."
Schlotzsky's boxed lunches will be available for the first twenty students.


text:
Find hotels & motels in Howrah using the list below. Find discounted hotel accommodations in or close to Howrah, Australia for your business or personal leisure travel. We list the best Howrah hotel rooms. Review the Howrah hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Howrah hotels.
Howrah Hotels/Motels & Accommodations
Next: See My Howrah Hotels with Pricing >


text:
Important delivery notice
The products on this site are only delivered to UK addresses. If you require delivery to another country please visit one of our other sites below.
Sow half-hardy annuals in early spring, making sure that you protect them from frost. Plant them out after all risk of frost has passed and you'll be rewarded with delightful flowers all throughout the summer. Hint: use the selections in the left menu to narrow down your search for the perfect half-hardy annual seeds for your garden. For direct sowing take a look at our stunning range of hardy annual seeds.
Dahlia variabilis 'Cactus Hybrids Mixed'
Curvaceous, spiky blooms, huge cut flower source, many fully double and mostly true to type. Superb too in the flower border for late summer/autumn blooms. Flowers late summer/autumn. Height 3-4ft. Planting distance 27 inches.More info
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sensation Mixed'
A tall, upright variety for the back of sunny borders. Cosmos 'Sensation Mixed' produces masses of daisy-like flowers above delicate ferny foliage throughout summer and autumn. The strong stems and long lasting flowers of this easy to grow annual make it perfect for cutting. This fabulous mix contains a superb range of colours including white, pink and carmine. Height: 120cm (47"). Spread: 60cm (24").More info
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Purity'
Ferny foliage and graceful pure white flowers up to 4in or more in diameter make this an effective and popular, easy annual. Flowers summer to autumn. Height 3 to 4 feet. More info
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Double All Sorts Mixed'More info
Petunia hybrida 'Purple Tower' F1 hybrid
Dahlia variabilis 'Pompone Mixed'Customer Rating
Almost 100% pompon. Height: 90-120cm (3-4ft).More info
Amaranthus caudatus 'Pony Tails Mixed'
Love-lies-bleeding, Tassel FlowerDelightful long, decorative tassels in red and green shades, gently swish side to side in a summer breeze. Ideal for adding height and interest to summer bedding displays. Height: 90-120cm (36-48in) More info
Amaranthus caudatus 'Fat Spike'
Love-lies-bleeding, Tassel FlowerCustomer Rating
Highly attractive erect fat spikes in deep purplish red, from 3 inch thick tapering to 1 inch, as if standing guard. Ideal as a border filler, and for flower arranging. Height: 90-100cm (3-4ft) More info
Amaranthus paniculatus 'Autumn Palette'
Amaranthus cruentus, Prince's FeatherAttractive, tall, feathery spikes of cream and biscuit shades will gently ruffle in the slightest breeze. Quick and easy to grow, adding height and interest to summer displays right through to the autumn, or used as an intriguing cut flower. Height 90-120cm (36-48 inches) More info


text:
Glee's Jayma Mays Back To How I Met Your Mother.
Wednesday, February 27 2013
Mays (FayesVision/WENN.com)
Call back to season one.
, Jayma Mays (Emma) will once again be seen on the CBS sitcom "How I Met Your Mother." She will pop up in the March 18 episode.
She previously guest starred as a coat check girl in season one of the series. While the character of Ted (Josh Radnor) flirted with her, his voiceover revealed she was not his kids' mother.
"HIMYM" is currently in its 8th season. It airs on Mondays at 8:00 PM EST.
Read about
Jane Lynch hosting Hollywood Game Night
and how
Janine's return to EastEnders
will affect Michael.
Join Soaps.com on
Twitter @soapoperafan
, and
. Come tweet and Facebook with us about "Glee," all the other soap operas, "Dallas," "Grey's Anatomy," "Vampire Diaries" and "Venice The Series!"
- Lori Wilson
All content on Soaps.com is the property of She Knows LLC. Reproduction in any form without permission is strictly prohibited.
All works on this site Copyright © 2015
, a She Knows LLC production.


text:
All Over Body Glow with Mario Badescu Summer Shine Body Lotion
Mario Badescu Summer Shine Body Lotion ($10.00 for 6 oz. or $22.00 for 16 oz.) is a new favorite for all over body glow. One of my staple products during the warm months are shimmery body lotions, and while I love myself some shimmer, I am a bit particular about it. I like subtle shimmer, not a lot of glittery bits. I just want to see some extra sheen and va-voom added to my legs when I wear a dress or a sleeveless tank. Summer Shine is a moisturizing body lotion that feels weightless and sinks into skin quickly. I also find that it doesn't seem to get all over my clothes, and it doesn't feel sticky at all. I tend to prefer thicker lotions and creams for the body, but when it's hot outside, thinner lotions like this one are more practical. I'm also a huge fan of the price tag on this product! I'd say a 6 oz. bottle will last you a good two months of regular use.
Discussion and debate are highly encouraged, and we expect community members to participate respectfully. When asking a question, please check the FAQ section (above) for information about purchasing, price, dupes, and the like. If you have general feedback or need technical support, please contact us.
Comments that include advertisements, self-promotion, insults, etc. may be in violation of our comment policy and subject to deletion. Please see our comment policy for more information.


text:
Bollywood celebrities Imran Khan, Farhan Akhtar, and Zoya Akhtar made their official theatre debut with the 200th show of the 'Vagina Monologues'.
Imran is the first male actor to join the all-female starcast of the play. Joining the trio on stage were theatre veterans like Mahabanoo Mody-Kotwal, Dolly Thakore, Avantika Akerkar, Jayati Bhatia and Sonali Sachdev.
Among those who turned up for the bash that followed at Olive was Loveleen Tandon, co-director of Slumdog Millionaire.
Images: Copyright Sify.com. Any unauthorized reproduction is prohibited


text:
|Hyatt Hotels And Resorts Norwalk properties are listed below. Search for cheap and discount Hyatt Hotels And Resorts hotel rates in Norwalk, CA for your business gathering or personal travels. We list the best Hyatt Hotels And Resorts Norwalk hotels/lodging so you can review the Norwalk Hyatt Hotels And Resorts hotel list below to find the perfect place.
Our website will list Norwalk, CA hotels/motels that have similar star quality of Hyatt Hotels And Resorts.
Booking a group or meeting? Get bids from hotels in Norwalk CA
All Hyatt Hotels And Resorts in or near Norwalk
Next: Show All Available Comparable Hotels with Pricing >