text:
After Cherry apology, Grimson turns his attention to Ron MacLean
Oct 17, 2011, 1:10 PM EDT
Stu Grimson forgives Don Cherry. However, he still has a problem with CBC host Ron MacLean.
Following is the statement Grimson released after Cherry apologized on Saturday night to former enforcers Grimson, Chris Nilan and Jim Thomson for calling them "pukes" and distorting their opinions on fighting in a previous episode of Coach's Corner:
"I saw Don Cherry's comments on Saturday night and I need to make just a few points as this matter comes to a close. First, I appreciate the words Mr. Cherry used; I accept his apology. As far as I'm concerned, this disagreement is now settled as between Mr. Cherry and me.
"Second, there has been widespread speculation about whether our group will seek legal recourse as a result of Mr. Cherry's comments. We believed it was prudent to consider that path initially, given the words that Mr. Cherry used on a national broadcast to describe us. Having said that, I want to make clear that I have no present intention of pursuing a cause of action against Mr. Cherry.
"Third, in spite of my earlier comments on this matter, Ron MacLean appears to be missing the point, even at this late date. Mr. MacLean is presently saying at least two things on this issue. 'We got bad information from another former player … I didn't see any trouble with what Don said.'
"Look, Don got his facts wrong. That's fine; he apologized for it and the matter is settled. But the bigger issue remains. This isn't about the accuracy of the information. This isn't about whether Mr. Cherry should have checked his facts. This isn't about whether Stu Grimson is against fighting or for it. This is about the words Mr. Cherry chose and the way he chose to express them.
"And let's not forget the context; Ron & Don waded into a very sensitive prominent discussion about the recent tragic deaths of Derek Boogaard, Rick Rypien and my friend, Wade Belak. These are three men that battled the demons and they lost. In offering his opinion on this issue, Mr. Cherry targeted two other men who played this same role and who battle some of these same demons. Chris Nilan and Jim Thomson.
"My point is this. You cannot stand on the highest mountaintop in the country —Hockey Night in Canada—and point your finger at these men and shout down to the Nation that you believe they're 'pukes, turncoats and hypocrites' simply because they have a different point of view than you. You cannot use that platform to target anyone in that way — and especially not men who are battling to get their lives back on track. You cannot shout those names at these men with that kind of fury and expect not to answer for it. I believe this is why the response to Mr. Cherry's comments has been as strong as it has.
"Mr. MacLean: it's about the rage, the vitriol, in the public discourse. It's wrong as a legal matter; it's wrong as a matter of common civility.
"Lastly, it's not my decision where this goes from here. This is a decision for Canadians. The CBC is your network; you pay for it. And you hold the network to certain standards and values. Among those values is the obligation to 'treat individuals with honesty and respect.'
"Some viewers might actually believe that Ron & Don treated these men with honesty and respect. Those people might be content to just shrug their shoulders and say, 'Hey, no big deal, that's just Don being Don." And that's fine. Those people are entitled to that point of view.
"But other viewers might believe that Ron & Don fell way short of those values. And if that's the case, I would encourage those people to direct their comments to the CBC. Please, don't call or email me anymore; it's not important that I know how you feel. Tell your ombudsman at the CBC how you feel. He's a very nice man and he's there to maintain the integrity of the CBC as an institution for broadcasting."
While Cherry has been the focal point (obviously) in this whole affair, MacLean hasn't escaped scrutiny, especially up in Canada. He's been characterized by some as Cherry's lapdog, scared he'll lose his meal ticket should the backlash against Cherry build to the point where the CBC has to make a drastic move.
We'll have to see if MacLean gets some time to state his position on next week's Coach's Corner, which must be getting great ratings with all this publicity. It's almost like that's the point of having a controversial guy like Grapes giving his opinions.
- sunking1 - Oct 17, 2011 at 1:50 PM
"it's about the rage, the vitriol, in the public discourse. It's wrong as a legal matter; it's wrong as a matter of common civility."
Sounds like any discussion in America about politics. The rage, the vitroil…
And that's a shame, isn't it?
- angleofdarkness - Oct 17, 2011 at 2:22 PM
I liked Stu Grimson better when he just beat people up.
- imleftcoast - Oct 17, 2011 at 3:04 PM
Like to see Cherry and MacLean fired. You have a public station that abhors violence, and a highly paid 'expert' who can't see the sport and only sees the violence. Even Fox fires some its idiots after they've jumped a certain number of sharks.
- 1943mrmojorisin1971 - Oct 17, 2011 at 6:57 PM
"This is about the words Mr. Cherry chose and the way he chose to express them."
I believe Don has his right to free speech and when Ron says he had no problem with what Don said, that to me is him defending Cherry's right to his own opinion. However whatever information Don based that opinion on was wrong, he issued an apology, and that should be the end of it. Ron is a pilar of class at the CBC as well as an integral part of HNIC and in this case Grimson is out of line in going after him for what amounts to nothing in the eyes of everyone but him
- wombat2thereturn - Oct 18, 2011 at 3:04 AM
best thing all round would be for cherry to "retire" shortly. the guy is beyond ancient and clearly addle-pated like so many older citizens. he has sunk way below the minimal journalistic standards that HNIC usually requires and more and more makes the Hanson Brothers look like sages…."old time hockey!" indeed.
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text:
Napoleon Crossing the Alps on 20th May 1800, 1803 by Jacques-Louis David
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Painting Title:
Napoleon Crossing the Alps on 20th May 1800, 1803
Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)
Museum of Palace of Versailles Paris France
Original Size:267 x 223 cm
Napoleon Crossing the Alps (also known as Napoleon at the Saint-Bernard Pass or Bonaparte Crossing the Alps) is the title given to the five versions of an oil on canvas equestrian portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte painted by the French artist Jacques-Louis David between 1801 and 1805. Initially commissioned by the Spanish Ambassador to France, the composition shows a strongly idealized view of the real crossing that Napoleon and his army made across the Alps in 1800.
Having taken power in France during the 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799, Napoleon determined to return to Italy to reinforce the French troops still in the country and retake the territory seized by the Austrians in the preceding years. In the spring of 1800 he led the Reserve Army across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass. The Austrian forces, under Michael von Melas, were laying siege to Massena in Genoa and Napoleon hoped to gain the element of surprise by taking the trans-Alpine route. By the time Napoleon's troops arrived, Genoa had fallen; but he pushed ahead, hoping to engage the Austrians before they could regroup. The Reserve Army fought a battle at Montebello on 9 June before eventually securing a decisive victory at the Battle of Marengo.
The installation of Napoleon as First Consul and the French victory in Italy allowed for a rapprochement with Charles IV of Spain. While talks were underway to re-establish diplomatic relations, a traditional exchange of gifts took place. Charles received Versailles-manufactured pistols, dresses from the best Parisian dressmakers, jewels for the queen, and a fine set of armour for the newly reappointed Prime Minister, Manuel Godoy. In return Napoleon was offered sixteen Spanish horses from the royal stables, portraits of the king and queen by Goya, and the portrait that was to be commissioned from David. The French ambassador to Spain, Charles-Jean-Marie Alquier, requested the original painting from David on Charles' behalf. The portrait was to hang in the Royal Palace of Madrid as a token of the new relationship between the two countries. David, who had been an ardent supporter of the Revolution but had transferred his fervour to the new Consulate, was eager to undertake the commission.
On learning of the request, Bonaparte instructed David to produce three further versions: one for the Chateau de Saint-Cloud, one for the library of Les Invalides, and a third for the palace of the Cisalpine Republic in Milan. A fifth version was produced by David and remained in various of his workshops until his death.
History of the five versions
The original painting remained in Madrid until 1812, when it was taken by Joseph Bonaparte after his abdication as King of Spain. He took it with him when he went into exile in the United States, and it hung at his "Point Breeze" estate near Bordentown, New Jersey. The painting was handed down through his descendants until 1949, when his great grand-niece, Eugenie Bonaparte, bequeathed it to the museum of the Chateau de Malmaison.
The version produced for the Chateau de Saint-Cloud from 1801 was removed in 1814 by the Prussian soldiers under von Blucher who offered it to the King of Prussia. It is now held in the Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin.
The 1802 copy from Les Invalides was taken down and put into storage on the Bourbon Restoration of 1814; but in 1837, under the orders of Louis-Philippe, it was rehung in his newly declared museum at the Palace of Versailles, where it remains to the present day.
The 1803 version was delivered to Milan but confiscated in 1816 by the Austrians. However, the people of Milan refused to give it up and it remained in the city until 1825. It was finally installed at the Belvedere in Vienna in 1834. It remains there today, now part of the collection of the Osterreichische Galerie Belvedere.
The version kept by David until his death in 1825 was exhibited at the Bazar Bonne-Nouvelle in 1846 (where it was remarked upon by Baudelaire). In 1850 it was offered to the future Napoleon III by David's daughter, Pauline Jeanin, and installed at the Tuileries Palace. In 1979, it was given to the museum at the Palace of Versailles.
The commission specified a portrait of Napoleon standing in the uniform of the First Consul, probably in the spirit of the portraits that were later produced by Antoine-Jean Gros, Robert Lefevre and Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, but David was keen to paint an equestrian scene. The Spanish ambassador, Ignacio Muzquiz, informed Napoleon and asked him how he would like to be represented. Napoleon initially requested to be shown reviewing the troops but eventually decided on a scene showing him crossing the Alps.
In reality the crossing had been made in fine weather and Bonaparte had been led across, mounted on a mule, by a guide. However, from the outset the painting was first and foremost propaganda, and Bonaparte asked David to portray him "calm, mounted on a fiery steed" (Calme sur un cheval fougueux), and it is probable that he also suggested the addition of the names of the other great generals who had led their forces across the Alps: Hannibal and Charlemagne (as Karolus Magnus).
Few drafts and preparatory studies were made, contrary to David's normal practice. Gros, David's pupil, produced a small oil sketch of a horse being reined in, which was a probable study for Napoleon's mount, and the notebooks of David show some sketches of first thoughts on the position of the rider. The lack of early studies may in part be explained by Bonaparte's refusal to sit for the portrait. He had sat for Gros in 1796 on the insistence of Josephine de Beauharnais, but Gros had complained that he had not had enough time for the sitting to be of benefit. David had also managed to persuade him to sit for a portrait in 1798, but the three hours that the fidgety and impatient Bonaparte had granted him did not give him sufficient time to produce a decent likeness. On accepting the commission for the Alpine scene, it appears that David expected that he would be sitting for the study, but Bonaparte refused point blank, not only on the basis that he disliked sitting but also because he believed that the painting should be a representation of his character rather than his physical appearance:
- Sit? For what good? Do you think that the great men of Antiquity for whom we have images sat?
- But Citizen First Consul, I am painting you for your century, for the men who have seen you, who know you, they will want to find a resemblance.
- A resemblance? It isn't the exactness of the features, a wart on the nose which gives the resemblance. It is the character that dictates what must be painted...Nobody knows if the portraits of the great men resemble them, it is enough that their genius lives there.
The refusal to attend a sitting marked a break in the portraiture of Napoleon in general, with realism abandoned for political iconography: after this point the portraits become emblematic, capturing an ideal rather than a physical likeness.
Unable to convince Napoleon to sit for the picture, David took a bust as a starting point for his features, and made his son perch on top of a ladder as a model for the posture. The uniform is more accurate, however, as David was able to borrow the uniform and bicorne worn by Bonaparte at Marengo. Two of Napoleon's horses were used as models for the "fiery steed": the mare "la Belle" which features in the version held at Charlottenburg, and the famous grey Marengo which appears in those held at Versailles and Vienna. Engravings from Voyage pittoresque de la Suisse served as models for the landscape.
The first of the five portraits was painted in four months, from October 1800 to January 1801. On completion of the initial version, David immediately began work on the second version which was finished on 25 May, the date of Bonaparte's inspection of the portraits at David's Louvre workshop.
Two of David's pupils assisted him in producing the different versions: Jerome-Martin Langlois worked primarily on the first two portraits, and George Rouget produced the copy for Les Invalides.
The composition is based on simple geometrical forms. The principal subject fits in a circle delimited by the tail of the horse and the tip of the cloak. The pommel of the sword is at the centre of this circle. Napoleon and his horse form a Z-shape, giving dynamism to the scene, and the diagonals of the mountains and the clouds are opposing each other, reinforcing the impression of movement. In spite of the dynamic aspects of the composition, the scene appears static, due in the main to the lighting with which David illuminate his subject, giving the picture the feeling of a bas-relief.
In contrast to his predecessors Francois Boucher and Jean-Honore Fragonard, who employed a red or grey undercoat as a base colour on which to build up the painting, David employed the white background of the canvas directly underneath his colours, as some of his unfinished works show, such as his first attempt at a portrait of Bonaparte or his sketch of the Tennis Court Oath.
David worked using two or three layers. After having captured the basic outline with an ochre drawing, he would flesh out the painting with light touches, using a brush with little paint, and concentrating on the blocks of light and shade rather than the details. The results of this technique are particularly noticeable in the original version of Napoleon Crossing the Alps from Malmaison, especially in the treatment of the rump of the horse. With the second layer, David concentrated on filling out the details and correcting possible defects.
The third and last layer was used for finishing touches: blending of tones and smoothing the surface. David often left this task to his assistants.
All five versions of the picture are of roughly the same large size (2.6/2.2 m). Bonaparte appears mounted in the uniform of a general in chief, wearing a gold-trimmed bicorne, and armed with a Mamluk-style sabre. He is wreathed in the folds of a large cloak which billows in the wind. His head is turned towards the viewer, and he gestures with his right hand toward something ahead of him. His left hand grips the reins of his stead. The horse rears up on its back legs, its mane and tail whipped against its body by the same wind that inflates Napoleon's cloak. In background a line of the soldiers interspersed with artillery make their way up the mountain. Dark clouds hang over the picture and in front of Bonaparte the mountains rise up sharply. In the foreground BONAPARTE, ANNIBAL and KAROLVS MAGNVS IMP. are engraved on rocks. On the breastplate yoke of the horse, the picture is signed and dated.
Differences between the five versions
In the original version held at Malmaison (260/221 cm; 102/87 in), Bonaparte has an orange cloak, the crispin (cuff) of his gauntlet is embroidered, the horse is piebald, black and white, and the tack is complete and includes a standing martingale. The girth around the horse's belly is a dark faded red. The officer holding a sabre in the background is obscured by the horse's tail. The Napoleon's face appears youthful. The painting is signed in the yoke of the breastplate: L. DAVID YEAR IX.
The Charlottenbourg version (260/226 cm; 102/89 in) shows Napoleon in a red cloak mounted on a chestnut horse. The tack is simpler, lacking the martingale, and the girth is grey-blue. There are traces of snow on the ground. Napoleon's features are sunken with the faint hint of a smile. The picture is signed L.DAVID YEAR IX.
In the first Versailles version (272/232 cm; 107/91 in), the horse is a dappled grey, the tack is identical to that of the Charlottenbourg version, and the girth is blue. The embroidery of the gauntlet is simplified with the facing of the sleeve visible under the glove. The landscape is darker and Napoleon's expression is sterner. The picture is not signed.
The version from the Belevedere (264/232 cm; 104/91 in) is almost identical to that of Versailles but is signed J.L.DAVID L.ANNO X.
The second Versailles version (267/230 cm; 105/90 in) shows a black and white horse with complete tack but lacking the martingale. The girth is red. The cloak is orange-red, the collar is black, and the embroidery of the gauntlet is very simple and almost unnoticeable. The scarf tied around Napoleon's waist is light blue. The officer with the sabre is again masked by the tail of the horse. Napoleon's features are older, he has shorter hair, and – as in the Charlottenbourg version - there is the faint trace of a smile. Details of the clothing: the embroidery and the style of the bicorne suggest that the picture was completed after 1804. The picture is not dated but is signed L.DAVID.
Painting Reproduction completely hand-painted with oil on blank linen canvas.
Creation Time:Your Jacques-Louis David Hand-Painted Art Reproduction must not be rushed as it need time for reaching the high quality and precision and also for getting dry. Depending of the complexity and the details of the painting, we need of several weeks for creation of the painting.
Shipping:We not frame oil painting reproductions. The Hand-Painted Art Reproduction is expensive product and the risk of damages during transport of stretched on a frame painting is too high. "Napoleon Crossing the Alps on 20th May 1800" by David is unframed and will be shipped rolled up in postal tube.
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Topic: Napoleon Crossing the Alps on 20th May 1800, 1803 by Jacques-Louis David


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SW Florida law enforcement authorities experiment with alternate reporting methods
Sending a law enforcement officer to a caller's location isn't cheap, and sometimes it might not even seem necessary.
In an effort to free up officers, law enforcement agencies across the country are experimenting with alternative report-taking methods, allowing residents to file reports online or over the phone.
Some agencies, like the Collier and Lee county sheriff's offices already use such systems. Others, like the Fort Myers Police Department, are exploring them.
In Collier County, the Sheriff's Office began offering an online crime reporting option for lesser crimes in 2010, largely targeting people who need a report for their insurance companies in case of stolen items. About 800 people filed such reports online in 2012, Sheriff Kevin Rambosk said.
The agency spent around $29,700 for the CopLogic software, and it costs about $5,500 a year to maintain the system, Rambosk said. But the sheriff said it's money well spent.
"Even if you just think about it very simply, if you send a deputy to take any report, you're taking them off the road for an hour and maybe more, depending on the call," Rambosk said. "In our case, we're looking at one year, under 1,000 calls. That's a minimum 1,000 hours that we've saved. Turn that into cost and what it costs to arm, equip, train and put out on a road a deputy in a marked car — that's $100,000 a year to do that per deputy."
Rambosk said the system could be even more effective if more people used it.
"If anything, we've got to get better with promoting that we have that availability," he said. "We would love many more people to use it. I think we could double or triple (reports)."
Deputies in Lee County have been using alternate response officers, who take reports over the phone, for several years, said Lt. Larry King, a Sheriff's Office spokesman. If a crime fits the criteria, victims can choose to either talk to one of the officers over the phone or request a deputy to come to them in person.
Fort Myers police Chief Doug Baker said the department has been looking into alternate reporting systems as a way of freeing up officers to work on violent crimes and drug activity. Burglaries and thefts make up about 72 percent of the city's crime, occupying officers who might otherwise be free to pursue more serious crime activity, he said.
"I think, how much more time would we have without those?" Baker said. "Would officers have time to do something a lot more productive?"
But police have been restrained by a budget that doesn't lend itself to extra spending on an online reporting system, Baker said.
"The problem is there are no dollars. I could not afford to lose 10 officers or 10 civilian staff to finance something else," he said. "If you want the technology, you've got to find X amount of dollars in your budget."
Naples police say they have not had a need for alternative reporting methods — their officers still respond to every call for service, spokesman Lt. John Barkley said.
Even some past-occurred burglaries that might be seen as minor, like a purse stolen out of a car, has the potential for further investigation, he pointed out.
"We may be able to get evidence to prevent further car burglaries, like fingerprints," Barkley said.
But agencies that do use alternative reporting methods say they're happy with the results.
"If we get the right level of call and the right indicators that can be handled by the alternate reporting unit ... you can save a lot of money by not having to send the car," Rambosk said. "Online reporting or phone reporting frees up more time for deputies to patrol."
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The paradoxes of the philosopher Zeno, born approximately 490 BC in southern Italy, have puzzled mathematicians, scientists and philosophers for millennia. Although none of his work survives today, over 40 paradoxes are attributed to him which appeared in a book he wrote as a defense of the philosophies of his teacher Parmenides.
This is a game played between a team of 3 people (Ann, Bob and Chris, say), and a TV game show host. The team enters the room, and the host places a hat on each of their heads. Each hat is either red or blue at random (the host tosses a coin for each team-member to decide which colour of hat to give them). The players can see each others' hats, but no-one can see their own hat.
Can you imagine objects that you can't measure? Not ones that don't exist, but real things that have no length or area or volume? It might sound weird, but they're out there. Andrew Davies gives us an introduction to Measure Theory.
As customers will tell you, overcrowding is a problem on trains. Fortunately, mathematical modelling techniques can help to analyse the changing demands on services through the day. Tim Gent explains.
Sometimes a mathematical object can be so big that, however disorderly we make the object, areas of order are bound to emerge. Imre Leader looks at the colourful world of Ramsey Theory.
Bill Casselman writes about the intriguing amateur mathematician Henry Perigal, who took his elegant proof of Pythagoras' Theorem literally to his grave - by having it carved on his tombstone.


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quantifying human experience," says neuroscientist Read Montague, "in the same way we quantify airflow over the wings of a Boeing 777."5
In short, Nash's math—with the rest of modern game theory built around it—is now the weapon of choice in the scientist's arsenal on a wide range of research frontiers related to human behavior. In fact, Herbert Gintis contends, game theory has become "a universal language for the unification of the behavioral sciences."6
I think it might go even farther than that. Game theory may become the language not just of the behavioral sciences, but of all the sciences.
As science stands today, that claim is rather bold. It might even be wrong. But game theory already has conquered the social sciences and invaded biology. And it is now, in the works of a few pioneering scientists, forming a powerful alliance with physics. Physicists, of course, have always sought a unity in the ultimate description of nature, and game theory may have the potential to be a great unifier.
That realization hit me in early 2004, when I read a paper by physicist-mathematician David Wolpert, who works at NASA's Ames Research Center in California. Wolpert's paper disclosed a deep connection between the math of game theory and statistical mechanics, one of the most powerful all-purpose tools used by physicists for describing the complexities of the world.
Physicists have used statistical mechanics for more than a century to describe such things as gases, chemical reactions, and the properties of magnetic materials—essentially to quantify the behavior of matter in all sorts of circumstances. It's a way to describe the big picture when lacking data about the details. You can't track every one of the trillion trillion molecules of air zipping around in a room, for instance, but statistical mechanics can tell you how an air conditioner will affect the overall temperature.
It's no coincidence that statistical mechanics (which encompasses the kinetic theory of gases) is the math that inspired Asimov's heroic mathematician, Hari Seldon, to invent psycho-


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Health and Wellness
Weber GrillWatch™ Survey Reveals Latest Tailgating TrendsAugust 23rd, 2013Grill Ranks as the Number One Must Have Item for a Tailgate Party
According to the 24th annual Weber GrillWatch™ Survey*, the top three must-have items among grill owners for a proper tailgating party are a grill (82 percent), food (80 percent) and a cooler (80 percent). Chairs (76 percent) and alcoholic beverages (66 percent) round out the top five. Just half of grill owners (50 percent) consider tickets to the game a must-have item.
PDA Gets to the Root of Sensitive TeethAugust 23rd, 2013
To beat the heat during the hot months of summer, we often turn to cold drinks and frozen treats. However, for many people, that sip of an iced beverage or a spoonful of ice cream can trigger a painful sensation in their exposed teeth. Experiencing this type of reaction may indicate you have hypersensitivity or "sensitive teeth."
Tips for Diabetic Foot CareAugust 23rd, 2013Check feet daily, say orthopaedic foot and ankle MDs
If you're among the 18 million Americans who've been diagnosed with diabetes, you may know that foot care is extremely important. Nervous system impairment or neuropathy is a major complication of diabetes that can cause you to lose feeling in your feet. This means you may not know right away if you have hurt yourself, which could lead to infection.
GOT MILK? GOT PROTEIN!August 22nd, 2013New campaign helps educate America on the high-quality protein in each 8 ounce serving of milk
Almost two-thirds (57 percent) of Americans say they're trying to get more protein in their diet, but most people underestimate the importance of both getting protein at breakfast and the protein prowess of one of breakfast's most popular staples: milk. An 8-ounce glass of milk has 8 grams of high-quality protein, which is more protein than in an egg.
Deserving Senior Caregivers to be Rewarded through "Caring for the Caregiver" Program Sponsored by Twilight Wish Foundation and ParentgivingAugust 22nd, 2013Caregiver nominations taken online at www.twilightwish.org until October 15
The national nonprofit Twilight Wish Foundation and Parentgiving are pleased to announce the "Caring for the Caregiver" award. According to a recently released Bureau of Labor Statistics survey, over 39 million Americans provide hours of unpaid care to someone over the age of 65. Caregivers often struggle with their own physical, financial, and mental needs.
New Resource For Those Who Can't SleepAugust 22nd, 2013National Sleep Foundation launches comprehensive insomnia resource center
The National Sleep Foundation (NSF) launched a new website today, www.insomnia.sleepfoundation.org, to help individuals who suffer from insomnia. The website is a comprehensive resource containing information on insomnia causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
New "Eat Smart, Play Safe" Campaign Promotes Healthy Lifestyles For Kids On and Off the FieldAugust 22nd, 2013DSM Nutritional Products and Pop Warner Little Scholars team up to build awareness on importance of nutrition for healthy, active kids
Participation in team sports helps young people gain fundamental skills and values useful for the rest of their lives.
New Research Reveals The Benefits Of A Pistachio HabitAugust 21st, 2013New PREDIMED research suggests eating nuts such as pistachios more than three times per week as part of a Mediterranean diet may provide long-term health benefits
Research has shown pistachios can be an important part of a heart-healthy diet. A new observational cohort study on mortality adds to the good news with evidence that adding tree nuts, such as pistachios, to a healthy Mediterranean diet may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Tea Time: New Book Provides Busy Consumers with Simple, Healthful Tea RecipesAugust 21st, 2013
Valerie Lull's new book, "Ten Healthy Teas," is a portal into the fascinating world of tea. Each section includes a description or history of a particular kind of tea, followed by a collection of recipe ideas.
Fall into Better Sleep for the Whole FamilyAugust 21st, 2013ResMed Offers Tips for Creating a Family Sleep Schedule; Solutions to Manage Sleep Apnea in Men, Women, and Children
School is right around the corner, and as families switch from the looser schedules of summer to the schedule-driven fall, sleep is a critical factor of that transition.


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Jungle IslandRead Morefacet: Main type: Traditional locale: en_US title: Jungle Island facet_type_id: 2a932860-5f37-1032-9fff-6d02d7474c2e html_text: |- Jungle Island White sand beaches, cerulean waters, and towering palms make Watson Island feel like a tropical paradise—complete with a leopard lurking in the undergrowth. Luckily, this jungle cat is safely within the confines of the Jungle Island, which has inhabited the isle for more than a decade. And yet the story of this themed park, which houses everything from exotic birds and primates to rare plants and trees, began more than 75 years ago. The Background In 1936, Franz Scherr established an aviary where the exotic birds could soar uncaged, giving his South Miami park the apt name of Parrot Jungle. In the following decades, the aviary hosted some noteworthy occupants, such as Pinky—a high-wire bicycle-riding cockatoo—and several pink flamingos that appeared in the opening credits of Miami Vice. When the zoo's current owners purchased the company in 1988, they introduced new mammals and reptiles—but when Hurricane Andrew struck in 1992, they were forced to relocate. They settled on Watson Island, and in 2003, finished construction of the animal habitats and 18 acres of tropical gardens, renaming the park Jungle Island. The Highlights Hundreds of animals and plants from around the world call Jungle Island home. Naturalistic habitats contain mammals such as orangutans and a liger; reptiles such as American alligators and pythons; and birds such as African penguins and emus. The gardens house rare plants including cycads and African sausage trees. More than 1.35 miles of covered walking trails wind among the exhibits. Many of these animals feature in daily demonstrations. In Winged Wonders, handlers showcase the antics of colorful parrots, the flight of vultures, and the resident 6-foot cassowary's ability to eat an apple whole. Tale of the Tiger explores the behavior of rare big cats, including four species of tigers. Alternatively, in-depth tours and encounters may bring guests face-to-face with popular primates, or deep into the Serpentarium to feed an alligator in its enclosure and ponder whether snakes could possibly wear neckties.1111 Parrot Jungle TrailMiami, FL US
Bin No. 18Read Morefacet: Main type: Traditional locale: en_US title: Bin No. 18 facet_type_id: 3530e690-5f37-1032-bfdf-a419176b3ab2 html_text: |- The breadth of the Atlantic Ocean doesn't impact the reach of Alfredo Patino. As the chef and owner of Bin No. 18, the Miami-based chef draws inspiration from the casual cuisine of European bistros while using seasonal, locally sourced ingredients and contemporary technique to lend a bit of New World flair to the ever-changing menus. French, Italian, and Latin American flavors appear throughout Chef Patino's cuisine, adding a global scope to the regionally rooted dishes. Shareable platters of imported European cheeses and cured meats are served alongside Latin staples, including octopus salad, as well as classic Italian entrees made with homemade pastas. But recreating time-honored classics isn't the only thing that Chef Patino does. He also demonstrates a willingness to experiment by fusing New and Old World influences. This culinary whimsy is evident in the kitchen's modern interpretation of a Cuban sandwich—complete with slow-roasted pork, brie, and fig sauce—which earned a spot on Food & Wine magazine's list of the Best Sandwiches in the U.S. And much like the European bistros that originally inspired Chef Patino, Bin No. 18 features an extensive wine list. Like his menu, the wine list takes a global approach by including bottles from Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Portugal, Hungary, Greece, and Austria, as well as Argentina, New Zealand, South Africa, Washington State, California, and Oregon. This variety of options ensures that numerous pairing options are available for diners looking to enjoy a glass with their meal or collection of small plates. CBS Miami was also impressed by the selection, placing Bin No. 18 on its 2011 list of the Best Wine Bars In South Florida. The Old World inspiration shines through a bit more clearly in the restaurant's décor, which skews more toward a rustic, yet refined ambiance as opposed to a nouveau vibe. Wooden wine barrels sit beside tables with avocado-green chairs, occasionally doubling as small side tables. At the same time, the collection of crystal chandeliers dangling from the ceiling adds a bit of classical elegance to the space.275 NE 18 Street #107Miami, FL US
The Wedding SalonRead MoreExhale Spa seeks to transform its clientele inside and out. The founding team of fitness professionals and aestheticians sought to create an environment where they could empower visitors with pampering spa treatments, invigorating fitness classes, and lifestyle education, helping clients attain a sense of control and holistic balance. Now with 19 locations across 11 cities, Exhale Spa and its signature services have earned mentions in numerous national publications, including People magazine, the New York Times, and O, The Oprah Magazine. Exhale's signature Core Fusion classes incorporate dance-inspired stretches, yoga poses, and Pilates exercises into total-body workouts that build long, lean limbs and sturdy abdominal muscles over time. For an even more varied workout, the instructors introduce boot-camp techniques, cardio exercises, or multiplication tables to select sessions. Yoga classes present a similar amount of breadth and variety, drawing inspiration from a number of introspective and physically oriented styles. To help hasten physical transformations, nutrition and wellness coaches teach attendees about the impacts of diet. These sessions build an awareness of healthy eating habits through custom meal plans and by teaching clients how to identify the edible parts of a fruit basket. Many of the center's traditional spa services seek to inspire confidence. Facials pamper and refine skin using everything from green tea and fruit extracts to microcurrent technology, and mani-pedis revitalize digits before glazing nails with a vibrant new coat of color. Bodywork treatments look beyond physical relaxation and focus on holistic concerns. Massage therapists can use Eastern or Western modalities to soothe overstressed musculature, and acupuncture treatments and reiki sessions jump-start natural healing processes by encouraging the free flow of inner energies.270 Biscayne Boulevard WayMiami, FL US
JW Marriott Marquis MiamiRead MoreProperty Location With a stay at JW Marriott Marquis Miami, you'll be centrally located in Miami, steps from Miami Convention Center and minutes from Gusman Center for the Performing Arts. This 4.5-star hotel is within close proximity of Bayfront Park and Miami-Dade County Courthouse. Rooms Make yourself at home in one of the 313 air-conditioned rooms featuring iPod docking stations and minibars. Your bed comes with triple sheeting and down comforters. Windows open to city and water views. Computers with complimentary wired and wireless Internet access are provided to keep you connected, along with 50-inch plasma televisions for entertainment. Private bathrooms with separate bathtubs and showers feature televisions and makeup/shaving mirrors. Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities Relax at the full-service spa, where you can enjoy body treatments and facials. You're sure to appreciate the recreational amenities, including a health club, an outdoor pool, and a spa tub. Additional features include complimentary wireless Internet access, a concierge desk, and gift shops/newsstands. Dining Enjoy a meal at one of the hotel's dining establishments, which include 3 restaurants and a coffee shop/café. From your room, you can also access 24-hour room service. At the end of the day, relax with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge. Buffet breakfasts are available for a fee. Business, Other Amenities Featured amenities include complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, a 24-hour business center, and limo/town car service. Planning an event in Miami? This hotel has 80000 square feet (7432 square meters) of space consisting of conference/meeting rooms, small meeting rooms, and a ballroom. Secure parking is available onsite.255 Biscayne Boulevard WayMiami, FL US
Conrad MiamiRead MoreProperty Location With a stay at Conrad Miami, you'll be centrally located in Miami, convenient to Mary Brickell Village and Vizcaya Museum and Gardens. This 4-star hotel is within close proximity of Bayfront Park and Gusman Center for the Performing Arts. Rooms Make yourself at home in one of the 306 air-conditioned rooms featuring iPod docking stations and plasma televisions. Your pillowtop bed comes with down comforters, down blankets, and Egyptian cotton sheets. Relax and take in ocean and city views from the privacy of your room. 37-inch high-definition televisions with premium TV channels provide entertainment, with wired and wireless Internet access available for a surcharge. Private bathrooms with separate bathtubs and showers feature deep soaking bathtubs and handheld showerheads. Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities Pamper yourself with a visit to the spa, which offers massages, body treatments, and facials. If you're looking for recreational opportunities, you'll find outdoor tennis courts, a health club, and an outdoor pool. Additional amenities include a concierge desk, babysitting/childcare (surcharge), and gift shops/newsstands. Dining Satisfy your appetite at the hotel's restaurant, which serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner, or grab a snack at a coffee shop/café. While enjoying a refreshing dip in the hotel pool, you can order your favorite drink at the poolside bar. Business, Other Amenities Featured amenities include high-speed (wired) Internet access (surcharge), a business center, and limo/town car service. Event facilities at this hotel consist of a ballroom, banquet facilities, and exhibit space. Parking (subject to charges) is available onsite.1395 Brickell AveMiami, FL US
Epic HotelRead MoreProperty Location With a stay at EPIC, a Kimpton Hotel, you'll be centrally located in Miami, steps from Miami Convention Center and minutes from Bayfront Park. This 4.5-star hotel is within close proximity of Gusman Center for the Performing Arts and Miami-Dade County Courthouse. Rooms Make yourself at home in one of the 411 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and flat-screen televisions. Rooms have private balconies. High-definition televisions are provided for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature designer toiletries and hair dryers. Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities Relax at the full-service spa, where you can enjoy body treatments and facials. You're sure to appreciate the recreational amenities, which include 2 outdoor swimming pools, a nightclub, and a health club. Additional features include wireless Internet access (surcharge), a concierge desk, and babysitting/childcare. Dining Grab a bite to eat at the hotel's restaurant, where you can enjoy drinks at a bar and dine alfresco (weather permitting). Or stay in and take advantage of 24-hour room service. Relax with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge or a poolside bar. Breakfast is available for a fee. Business, Other Amenities Featured amenities include high-speed (wired) Internet access (surcharge), a 24-hour business center, and limo/town car service. Planning an event in Miami? This hotel has 25000 square feet (2323 square meters) of space consisting of conference/meeting rooms, small meeting rooms, and a ballroom. A roundtrip airport shuttle is provided for a surcharge (available on request), and parking (subject to charges) is available onsite.270 Biscayne Boulevard WayMiami, FL US


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|Posted by RCI fans on November 19, 2013 at 5:20 PM
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Royal Caribbean's first cruise ship, the Song of Norway is to be sold as scrap, according to Maritime Matters.
Image: Brian Fisher
The founding vessel, was built in 1970 and was a popular ship within the cruise industry. She was the pioneer of modern era cruising.
The vessel originally had a gross tonnage of 18,000 tons, and could carry 724 passengers. Following a mammoth refit in 1978, she was lengthened by 85 feet, to provide capacity for 1,024 passengers. This increased her size to 23,000 gross tons.
Song of Norway operated seven and fourteen-day cruises out of Miami, Florida.
The Song of Norway was retired from the Royal Caribbean fleet in 1996 and has since been in the hands of many different cruise lines, each giving her a different name. She currently is called Ocean Pearl and has been berthed in China since 2011.
She will be sent to the breakers yard in 2014 and will become the first Royal Caribbean cruise ship ever to be scrapped.
|Posted by RCI fans on November 19, 2012 at 4:25 PM
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The Orlando Sentinel reports that a Central Florida couple was killed this weekend during a third-party shore excursion in Cozumel.
Friends identified the couple as 39-year-old Jim Melillo and his girlfriend, 41-year-old Susan Borges. The two were aboard the Liberty of the Seas on a four-night sailing from Port Everglades that included a stop in Cozumel, Mexico.
The couple died around 1:30 pm on Saturday 17th November while participating in a non-cruise sponsored sand buggy shore excursion, according to a statement from Royal Caribbean.
The driver of the sand buggy apparently lost control of the vehicle and hit a metal bar. Melillo and Borges died on impact.
Ferreira was initially held at a jail in Mexico, but has since been released and returned to Florida. He was not charged with a crime, said Nicole Rego, a friend of the couple who is acting as family spokesperson.
Royal Caribbean issued a statement about the incident, "We extend our most sincere and heartfelt condolences to the family and friends of the 43-year-old male guest and 31-year-old female guest from the United States who died on November 17, 2012. ... Our care team is providing support and assistance to guests, family and friends. Our thoughts are with their family and friends, and we will continue to do our very best to assist them."
|Posted by RCI fans on October 22, 2012 at 3:30 PM
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e-Travel Blackboard report that Allison Brennan, Royal Caribbean Australia's public relations manager for Australia and New Zealand, has passed away.
(Image: etbnews.com)
The announcement that Allison Brennan had passed away late last week has saddened Australia and the travel industry.
According to the D'Arcy Partnership's Michelle Tan, Ms Brennan passed on Friday due to natural causes.
"As anyone who's met Allison knows, it's hard not to be moved by her positivity and joie de vivre," Ms Tan said. "Hence why even though she had only been with the company for a few months, we are all saddened by the news and she will be deeply missed."
Ms Brennan, who heavily promoted Voyager of the Seas and the many features to Australian consumers over her short, but impressive career at Royal Caribbean never got to see the largest vessel sail into Australian waters which is due to arrive on November 2nd.
|Posted by RCI fans on July 17, 2012 at 5:15 PM
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A Royal Caribbean passenger traveling aboard Rhapsody of the Seas died while kayaking on Mendenhall Lake in Juneau, Alaska.
Michael Ray Fullerton, a 62-year-old man from Texas died late Sunday afternoon when his kayak overturned. He was part of a group of kayakers who rented kayaks to tour the lake, which at the foot of Mendenhall Glacier.
Tongass National Forest Supervisor Forrest Cole said Fullerton apparently became fatigued and was unable to paddle.
"The group tied their kayaks together and it's still unclear to us at this point how the kayaks overturned," Cole said.
Others in the group also overturned, although they survived and were treated for hypothermia.
The equipment for the excursion was provided by Alaska Boat and Kayak in Auke Bay. The group was not part of a guided trip but they were given a safety briefing before they loaded their kayaks and gear.
"They get questioned about how much paddle experience they've had, and then they get a thorough safety briefing that talks about self-rescue, using the bilge pump, paddle float, wearing the PFD and spray skirt, and how to work together and paddle as a group," owner Sean Janes said.
Forest Service Supervisor Cole said the agency continues to investigate the accident.
|Posted by RCI fans on February 29, 2012 at 4:15 PM
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One of our members, Michael Hynes, feels strongly about how Royal Caribbean International and Atlantis Events has handled Kenneth Gemmell's death onboard Allure of the Seas on 3rd February 2012. Particularly, how they are assiting the family. (Read the original story HERE).
Michael Hynes is a family friend of the Gemmell family and is disgraced by how the two companies have dealt with the death and most importantly, the family.
Kenneth Gemmell, 30, was said to have deliberately plunged 100ft from his balcony stateroom on the 11th-deck, when, Allure of the Seas, was close to the port of Cozumel, Mexico. Allure was chartered by Atlantis Events, a firm specialising in gay and lesbian holidays and the vast majority of those on board the vessel, were gay men. Michael is now trying to get Royal Caribbean and Atlantis Events to 'come clean' and assist the family of Kenneth.
Kenneth Gemmell booked the holiday with Atlantis Events who chartered Allure of the Seas from Royal Caribbean International for a Caribbean cruise starting in Fort Lauderdale on 30th January 2012. Kenneth was travelling solo and went on the trip to celebrate his 30th birthday on 1st Feb.
Michael states that he has come across many people who met Kenneth on the trip who said that he was enjoying the trip and was considering booking another cruise next year. Kenneth is reported as having fallen overboard at approx 7.15 am on the friday morning. Irish Garda (Police) notified the family of the tragedy on the saturday morning at 5am. Joseph Duenaz who said he was a medic on the ship contacted the family twice about the incident. Paul Roule, a police superintendant who is handling the investigation has been in contact also with the family, twice. He says that they have CCTV footage of Kenneth jumping from the ship at the starboard side Royal Caribbean said it was unaware of any altercation and insists that the CCTV footage shows mr Gemmell stepping 'on top of the balcony table in order to jump over the balcony railing.'
RCI also say they have footage of him before it happened. The footage shows Kenneth having some sort of disagreement with a bar tender on the ship.
We have been told by the Police that this bar tender got off the ship at Cozumel and did not reboard. The family have been given some photo shots of the alleged jumping, but they are not clear images.
When we contacted Royal Caribbean about contact details for the bar tender they replied and said he was not employed by them and was infact employed by Atlantis Events. However, Atlantis Events are denying that they employed the bar staff. We have had two confirmed emails that the bar staff are employed by Royal Caribbean.
Kenneth was given a cabin with another male for the trip. The family have asked Royal Caribbean for this man's contacts as well, but Royal Caribbean have denied to do this for them. Royal Caribbean stated in several press statements that they are assisting the family. Michael believes this is totally untrue. "Royal Caribbean are just doing a big cover up and want to wash themselves of it. Every overboard that has occurred in the past, Royal Caribbean say it's suicide and sometimes that the people have taken drugs". Michael then goes on to state that the family want all the clear video footage, the contact details of the bar tender, the video footage of the altercation of words, the name and contact details of his room partner who would be able to assist them on the times he shared with Kenneth. The family want the return of all his property, clothes, camera and all other property taken from his cabin and at the starboard side.
Kenneth Gemmell was employed as an air steward with Emirates airlines in Dubai for the past six years. His mother and sisters last met Kenneth when he arrived in Dublin on a stop over. He had come with christmas presents for all his family. His family says that "he was a loving and caring young man who loved life and travel".
International Cruise Victims (www.internationalcruisevictims.org) has been in contact with the family. They are an organization who help suffering families, rom maritime disasters. They are also trying to make cruise companies more accountable. The family have also had support from Rebecca Coriam's family in the UK who went missing from another cruise ship in Cozumel, 11 months ago.
Royal Caribbean Fans understands that this is a very difficult situation for his family and friends. Our deepest thoughts and prayers are with them. This is a touching story and the family would be very greatful for your support too.
Anyone who has information on this tragedy is asked to email Michael at email@example.com. The family say they just want to know what happened to their son.
|Posted by RCI fans on February 7, 2012 at 10:55 AM
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Bahamas police are investigating an apparent suicide of a British man on Royal Caribbean's Allure of the Seas that occurred last Friday. This investigation is related to the incident that was first reported about a man who fell off the ship.
The Police report that at 7:10am while aboard Allure of the Seas, the man committed suicide while the ship was off the coast of Cozumel, Mexico.
American Federal agents are assisting the police in the Bahamas, including Superintendent Paul Rolle, Head of the Central Detective Unit, along with officers from the Broward County Sheriff's Office and Customs and Border Protection.
"We do not have much information we can share with the public at this point. All we know is a British man is dead and it may or may not have been suicide. We are still conducting our on scene investigations and interviewing eyewitness. We are being assisted by other law enforcement agencies and expect to wrap up our investigations shortly. At that time, I will provide an update," he said.
Royal Caribbean also issued a statement that said the 30-year-old fell from the balcony of his stateroom on Deck 11. The statement also said, "The ship made multiple public announcements and began a complete search of the ship, in efforts to locate the guest. When the guest did not respond to the pages and was not found onboard, the captain alerted the local authorities of the situation."
|Posted by RCI fans on February 3, 2012 at 1:40 PM
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A British passenger sailing onboard Allure of the Seas is missing after apparently going overboard.
The passenger fell over the railing from his stateroom as the ship was sailing to Cozumel, Mexico, according to a fellow passenger. CCTV footage on board the ship confirmed the story of the passenger falling off the 11th deck balcony.
According to Royal Caribbean International, multiple public announcements were made and a complete search of the ship did not locate the guest. The Allure of the Seas left Sunday on a seven-night cruise from Fort Lauderdale.
The Mexican Navy and Coast Guard, the Allure of the Seas, and a pilot boat are assisting in the search for the passenger. Royal Caribbean said, 'Our Care Team is providing support to the guest's family and our thoughts and prayers are with them'.
|Posted by RCI fans on January 30, 2012 at 4:15 PM
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A 47-year old woman died on board Liberty of the Seas after she missed a step and fell down a flight of stairs.
The incident happened on Monday night. The FBI is now investigating the incident.
The Broward County Sheriff's Office spokeswoman Veda Coleman Wright said their department's crime scene techs were sent to Port Everglades to investigate the death of the woman on the ship. However, since she died in international waters, Coleman Wright said the investigation will actually be in the jurisdiction of federal authorities.
Despite the investigation, Coleman Wright confirmed that they do not suspect foul play.
|Posted by RCI fans on November 21, 2011 at 11:10 AM
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Carnival Cruise Lines is the latest of three lines to cancel parasailing trips in St. Thomas, following an accident that killed one passenger and left another critically injured.
Celebrity Cruises has canceled all parasailing trips in the Caribbean indefinitely.
Royal Caribbean have also stopped offering parasailing excurisons in the Caribbean, pending the outcome of the matter.
A 60-year-old passenger sailing on Celebrity Eclipse, who the Virgin Island Daily News identified as Bernice Kraftcheck, 60, died as a result of her fall. Her daughter, Danielle Haese, 34, who was riding in tandem, is still being treated at the Roy L. Schneider Hospital in Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas. Celebrity Cruises spokeswoman Cynthia Martinez confirmed that the mother and daughter were participating in a ship-sponsored shore excursion.
According to the Daily News, "squalls and wind gusts in St. Thomas on Tuesday afternoon may have factored into the death." Coast Guard spokesman Ricardo Castrodad told the outlet that the women hit the water at the same time.
The U.S. Virgin Islands' Web site says that the accident happened just before 5 p.m.
At least six government agencies have convened to investigate the matter, and these agencies have also been working in partnership with the U.S. Coast Guard at the Federal level, said the USVI's Department of Tourism in a statement. The parasail company has voluntarily suspended operations until the completion of the full-compliance inspection.
NCL have not yet commented on the matter, but it is suspected that they will also follow swiftly with the other cruise lines.


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SALE Whimsy Wendy Three Party Puffs in Chocolate Brown and Pear Green
Product Info
Taking an old theme and creating something new is what Whimsy Wendy is all about!
I am happy to offer these uniqe and festive hanging balls made from soft tulle. This listing is for three puffs (1, 18" diameter ball, 1 12" diameter ball and 1, 9" diameter ball) in the chocolate brown with pear green.
The arrive with invisible thread attached to suspend your decorations from the ceiling. Stagger their heights for interest and vary their colors for an eye-popping decor.
Looks gorgeous in babys' room, play rooms, bedrooms, porches and in your next photo session. I currently have some hanging in a storefront that create some eye-catching attention.
Also availalble in other quantities and diameters. Please convo me for your custom order request.
Reusable, colorful, playful.


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An interline area image sensor structure with particular doping arrangements which provides an effective antiblooming control and, when a voltage signal is applied to each transfer gate, all the charge collected in a photodiode will be depleted and transferred to an interline CCD.
1. In an interline area image sensor which eliminates image lag while providing antiblooming protection and has a substrate having two and bottom surface in which is fabricated an array of photodiodes, a plurality of vertical CCDs for transferring charge in said image sensor including a plurality of transfer gate electrodes, each transfer gate electrode being formed over the substrate top surface and corresponding to a particular photodiodes and extending over a substrate transfer region positioned adjacent to a corresponding photodiode and responsive to a voltage signal for transferring charge from its corresponding photodiode to its particulate CCD, the improvement comprising:
a) the substrate having an n-conductive portion, a laterally uniformly lightly doped p-well formed in the n-conductive portion and spaced from the top surface of the substrate, a laterally uniformly lightly doped n-well formed in the substrate on top of the uniform p-well, a plurality of localized n-layers formed in the n-well in an array corresponding to the array of the photodiodes and a separate localized p-layer formed in each n-layer to complete a photodiode for collecting photocharge, and such p-layers being connected to a predetermined potential, so as to provide a vertical antiblooming overflow drain having a maximum point of potential barrier which is confined to be in the uniform p-well to maintain high quantum efficiency; and
b) a plurality of p-stripes formed in the uniform lightly doped n-well adjacent the photodiodes and having a portion formed under each CCD and a thermally diffused portion providing sufficient doping beneath a transfer gate electrode but not extending to an adjacent photodiode such that when the voltage signal is applied to the transfer gate electrode, signal charge collected in the photodiode is transferred to it's CCD leaving the photodiode completely depleted, said p-stripes being connected to the predetermined potential.
This is a continuation in part of my earlier filed application Ser. No. 402,414, filed Sep. 5, 1989.
This invention relates to interline image sensors and, more particularly, an architecture that allows complete charge transfer from photodiodes while simultaneously preserving the vertical antiblooming function.
FIG. 1 schematically shows the general organization of an interline area image sensor having an array of photodiode sensor elements. Several of the sensor elements 16 which are shown in FIG. 1 are identified as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I. The elements are arranged in columns and rows. Photo charge is integrated in each photodiode and, at a predetermined time, appropriate bias voltage pulse signals are applied to the transfer gate electrodes causing the charge to transfer from the photodiode to a vertical CCD shift register 26. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the shift registers 26 conveniently can be constructed in two phase buried channel architecture.
Each CCD shift register 26 will be under the control of a plurality of electrodes 26a and 26b (see FIG. 3). When a potential is applied to an electrode, a depletion region is formed under that electrode. Consider, for example, a buried channel CCD shift register which is formed with a p-substrate covered with a silicon dioxide layer with an n-buried channel on which there has been deposited a row of closely spaced electrodes for operating a shift register 26. FIG. 3 illustrates a single pixel of a conventional interline transfer CCD image sensor. The electrodes 6a and 26b may be one half stage of either a four phase or a pseudo two phase shift register as would be appropriate for an interlaced image sensor. In the pseudo two phase implementation electrodes 26a and 26b are driven from the same bias source with electrodes 26a and 26b being the transfer and storage regions, respectively. If the two electrodes 26a and 26b each contain both a transfer and storage region, then they provide one complete CCD stage of what we will call a true two phase CCD. Such a two phase CCD is effective in a non-interlaced interline CCD image sensor.
After the signal charge is transferred from the photodiode, 16, to the vertical shift register, 26, the signal charge may be shifted vertically down the shift registers, 26, a line at a time, into a horizontal shift register, 27 (see FIG. 1). The pixel charge information is shifted to a buffer amplifier where it is converted to an output voltage proportional to the pixel charge, and becomes available for off-chip signal processing, storage and/or display.
Both image lag and blooming severely degrade the performance of interline transfer type image sensors. Both of these phenomena must be controlled at the sensor design stage. Image lag is the persistence of an image into subsequent fields and is a direct consequence of a photodiode that cannot be reset to a fully depleted condition upon readout of the signal from the photodiode to the vertical CCD shift register. The effect of this is to leave a residual signal behind that becomes signal in subsequent fields. The inability to fully reset the photodiode is caused by the doping distributions required to achieve another desirable feature in the sensor, namely antiblooming via a vertical antiblooming drain. Blooming results when an area of the image sensor receives an amount of illumination that generates signal charges in excess of the charge capacity of either the photodiode or a stage of the vertical shift register. The excess charge spreads or "blooms" along the vertical shift register, thus contaminating the signal from other pixels. Blooming control is essential in applications wherein the light level is not controlled. A vertical overflow drain (VOD) is a commonly used technique for controlling antiblooming. There is a need in the art for an interline transfer CCD fabrication design that permits a fully depletable photodiode for complete elimination of image lag while simultaneously retaining the vertical overflow drain for antiblooming protection.
As shown in FIG. 2a, an example of a prior art interline CCD image sensor 10 with vertical overflow antiblooming protection is shown in cross-section. A p-well 12 is ion implanted into an n-type substrate 14. An n-layer 16a is added in the well 12. A p-layer, 16b, on the n-layer 16a completes the photodiode 16. The p-layer, 16b, is added to attempt to fabricate a fully depletable photodiode. A gate oxide 18 is formed on the substrate surface. Appropriate channel stops 17 and 17a include a thick oxide with a p-type diffusion beneath are also provided. An n-buried channel 20 is formed in the p-well 12 and spaced from the photodiode 16 (FIG. 1). A polysilicon or other metallic gate 22 is positioned on the gate oxide 18 and is both one of the CCD phase gates as well as the transfer gate from the photodiode to the buried channel CCD. First, the p-well ion implant doping is placed everywhere except that it is omitted from under the photodiode. Thereafter a high temperature and/or long time furnace diffusion step occurs that drives the p-well both vertically and horizontally until it is driven completely beneath the center of the photodiode. The overflow current to the substrate occurs at the point shown in FIG. 2a where the p-well doping is a minimum. This process does not permit a fully depletable diode because of the potential barrier shown by the arrows in FIG. 2b. In FIG. 2b, the electrostatic potential for both readout of the CCD and reset of the photodiode is shown. In the first situation (readout of the vertical CCD), no or only small positive potential is applied to the transfer gate 22. In the second situation, a more positive potential is applied to the gate 22 and charge flows from the photodiode to the buried channel. However, a large electrostatic potential barrier still occurs between the center of the photodiode and the edge of the transfer gate. This is a direct result of the p-well 12 doping gradient that arises from the diffusion of the p-well under the photodiode. The potential barrier prevents the complete depletion of the photodiode 16 through the transfer gate, and thus also inhibits the elimination of image lag.
The object of this invention is to provide an interline CCD which includes effective vertical overflow drain blooming control and eliminates image lag.
In an interline area image sensor which eliminates image lag while providing antiblooming protection and has a substrate having top and bottom surfaces in which is fabricated an array of photodiodes, a plurality of vertical CCDs for transferring charge in said image sensor including a plurality of transfer gate electrodes, each transfer gate electrode being formed over the substrate top surface and corresponding to a particular photodiode and extending over a substrate transfer region positioned adjacent to a corresponding photodiode and responsive to a voltage signal for transferring charge from its corresponding photodiode to its particular CCD, the improvement comprising;
a) the substrate having an n-conductive portion, a uniformly lightly doped p-well formed in the n-conductive portion and spaced from the top surface of the substrate, a uniformly lightly doped n-well formed on top of the uniform p-well, localized p- and n-layers formed in the n-well to complete a photodiode for collecting photocharge, and such p-layer and p-well being connected to a predetermined potential, this arrangement being selected to provide a vertical antiblooming overflow drain with the overflow point being confined to be in the uniform p-well to maintain high quantum efficiency; and
b) a plurality of p-stripes connected to a predetermined potential and formed in the uniform lightly doped n-well, each p-stripe being associated with a particular photodiode and having a portion formed under each CCD shift register and a thermally diffused portion providing sufficient doping beneath a transfer gate electrode but not extending to its photodiode such that when the voltage signal is applied to the transfer gate electrode, signal charge collected in the photodiode is transferred to the n-buried channel leaving the photodiode completely depleted.
Advantages of this invention include: (1) a fully depletable photodiode which provides a lag free image sensor because the photodiode is fabricated in uniform n- and p-wells so it does not have doping gradients from center to transfer gate edge that create a potential barrier that would preclude a fully depleted condition. (2) The extension of the light n-well laterally beneath both the channel stop and the vertical shift register will reduce the image smear caused by diffusion of optically generated signal from the regions adjacent to the photodiode into the shift register. This is caused by the electric fields resulting from the doping profile and the biasing of the photodiode, shift register, p-well and substrate. (3) CCDs made in accordance with this invention are particularly amenable to scaling to smaller dimensions. Since the vertical overflow drain is formed from the juxtaposition of the uniform p- and n-wells, the dimension of a pixel is not a factor in the doping at the overflow point. The softness of the overflow turn-on is influenced by the separation of the overflow point from the p-stripes and p-field channel stops, but in such a way that the turn-on is sharper, that is, the subthreshold current non-ideality factor becomes smaller as the pixel becomes smaller. (4) Because the overflow point is constrained to the uniform p-well, which is always below the uniform n-well, the volume for optical absorption and generation of signal results in an increase in quantum efficiency in the green and red portion of the light spectrum. Furthermore, a process simplification occurs because the uniform p-and n-wells need only be formed by gross masking.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a conventional interline CCD area image sensor;
FIG. 2a is a cross-section of a pixel of a prior art CCD with a vertical overflow drain formed by the diffusion of a single p-well under the photodiode taken along the lines 2--2 of FIG. 3, with certain conductors not shown;
FIG. 2b shows electrostatic potential curves for operating the device of FIG. 2a;
FIG. 2c illustrates an electrostatic potential diagram taken along the lines 3--3 of FIG. 4 from surface to substrate showing the antiblooming barrier and VOD depth;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a pixel in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional taken along the lines 4--4 of FIG. 3, with certain conductors not shown;
FIG. 5 is a sectional taken along the lines 2--2 of FIG. 3 but showing a structure in accordance with the invention; and
FIG. 6 shows the electrostatic potential curves for operating the pixel of FIG. 5.
A plan view of a single pixel for an interline CCD (see FIG. 1) in accordance with this invention is shown in FIG. 3. A pixel is comprised of a photosensitive area which we have previously called the photodiode 16, one or one half stage of the vertical shift register (for non-interlaced or interlaced architecture, respectively), each predetermined polysilicon gate electrode 26b corresponds to a particular photodiode and forms both the transfer gate under which, in a transfer region, signal charge is transferred from the photodiode to the CCD 26 and channel stop isolation regions 17 separating the photodiode and CCD 26 and also vertically adjacent photodiodes. The CCD includes polysilicon phase gate electrodes 26a. This plan view is common to any interline transfer CCD image sensor, independent of whether it is interlaced or non-interlaced and the physical dimensions of the pixel. As shown in FIG. 3, the transfer gate 24, which is the opening in isolation regions 17 between the photodiode 16 and CCD 26, is conventionally controlled by one of the vertical CCD electrodes 26b, but can be a separate electrode.
Turning now to FIG. 4, an n-type substrate 30 has a uniform lightly doped p-well 32 implanted and then thermally diffused into it. The substrate 30 defines top and bottom surfaces 30a and 30b, respectively. A uniform n-well 34 is then implanted into the top portion of the p-well 32. The substrate is heated again to thermally drive both wells 34 and 32 into the substrate. As a result of the careful choice of implant parameters and thermal processing, the narrow, uniformly lightly doped p-well 32 is provided typically several micrometers below the substrate top surface 30a. Thereafter, p- and n-layers 38 and 40, respectively, are formed in the n-well 34 for a depletable photodiode. As will be discussed later with refer to FIG. 2c, the above arrangement provides a vertical overflow drain structure. A thermal oxide 44 is formed on the surface of the p-layer 38. The photodiode 16 is not labeled in FIGS. 4 and 5. The combination of uniform n-layer 34 and localized n-layer 40 forms the n-portion of the photodiode. A photodiode is a p-n junction, and for this embodiment, the photodiode has two p-n junctions, one formed by uniform n-layer 34 with uniform p-layer 32, and the second formed by localized n-layer 40 and localized p-layer 38. In response to actinic light, charge is collected in the parallel combination of these junctions.
The photodiode isolation in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. 4 and in the horizontal direction, except for the transfer gate as indicated in the plan view of FIG. 3, is accomplished by appropriate channel stops 17 comprised of a thick oxide 17 with p-type diffusion 17a beneath, as is shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. Other isolation technology could also be used. Such isolation is part of the standard interline transfer CCD process. The p-layers 38 and 17a are physically contiguous and are electrically connected to a voltage bias supply shown at ground potential.
With reference to FIG. 2c, the photodiode overflow point of the vertical antiblooming overflow drain is always confined to near the midpoint of the p-well 32 between the n-well 34 and the n-substrate 30. This provides for high quantum efficiency. FIG. 2c illustrates, schematically, the electrostatic potential along section 3 in FIG. 4. As discussed above, the n-regions of the photodiode are formed from uniform n-layer 34 and localized n-layer 40. The corresponding p-layers that form the photodiode p-n junctions are uniform p-layer 32 and localized p-layer 38, respectively. Signal charge is collected in the photodiode as is indicated in FIG. 2c. At some level of filling of the photodiode, the potential barrier between the photodiode and the substrate is reduced to a small value and any additional signal charge will flow to the substrate and be lost. This is the vertical overflow drain antiblooming function. The maximum point of the potential barrier, 33, is located near the midpoint of the uniform p-layer 32 and is simply determined by the electrostatics of the structure. Quantum efficiency is the ratio of signal charge to incident photons and is determined by the volume available for absorption of light. The depth in the substrate for this volume, due to the maximum potential barrier point 33, in p-layer 32 is illustrated in FIG. 2c. All potential signal charge generated deeper into the substrate than point 33 will be swept to the n-substrate, 30, rather than the photodiode, and lost. Therefore, in this preferred embodiment, the p-layer, 32, is placed deeply below the surface, thus resulting in high quantum efficiency. All photons absorbed from the surface to this depth are collected and result in signal. Green and red light have a penetration depth deeper than this so increasing the depth of the overflow point results in an increase of the quantum efficiency in the green and red part of the spectrum. Blue light is strongly absorbed so is less affected.
Turning now to FIG. 5, a p-stripe 36, one for each photodiode, is formed in the n-well 34 under the polysilicon gate electrode 22. It extends upward to the gate oxide but is spaced from its corresponding photodiode. The p-stripe becomes the "effective substrate" for construction of the CCD shift registers. The buried channel CCD (n-region 20) is constructed in the p-stripe 36, and the CCD is clocked against the p-stripe 36 so an electrical contact must be made to the p-stripe, i.e., the device must have a p-well contact. In this connection, it should be noted that the p-stripe 36 contacts layers 38 and 17a which are grounded.
A controlled amount of lateral diffusion of the p-stripe under the transfer gate is essential to control the threshold voltage of the transfer gate 24 (see FIG. 1). Without this p-doping the region beneath the transfer gate would be n-type from the uniform n-well and the transfer gate would be a depletion mode transistor with a negative threshold voltage, thus constraining the phase drive voltages to excessively negative values. As shown in FIG. 6, when a voltage signal is applied to the transer gate, there is no electrostatic potential barrier to charge transfer and the photodiode is therefore completely depletable.
The n-substrate 30 may be n-epi on n-substrate or just an n-type substrate. The processing steps are as follows: (1) ion implant a uniform p-well 32 (boron) into the surface of the wafer. The dose is advantageously in the range of 3-7E11/cm2. Diffuse this boron layer for an extended time/temperature combination to drive the junction in the order of 2-3 microns below the substrate surface. This light uniform p-well 32 implant requires only gross masking and can occur everywhere in the imager. (2) Ion implant the light uniform n-well 34. This implant may be phosphorus at a dose of the same magnitude as the light p-well, i.e., 3-7E11/cm2. The exact magnitudes of the uniform n- and p-well implant dose and energy can be easily determined by 2-dimensional process and electrostatics modeling. This implant is then thermally diffused for an extended time so that the resultant junction with the uniform lightly doped p-well 32 is 1-1.5 μm below the substrate surface. Additional diffusion of the n-well 34 drives the p-well junction to 3.5-4 μm. The resultant doping distribution is a uniform n-layer at the surface of the substrate extending 1-1.5 μm below the surface and a uniform p-layer extending from 1-1.5 μm below the surface to 3.5-4 μm below the surface. The initial n-substrate lies below the p-layer. This light n-well 34 also requires only gross masking. It is placed under the image area and may or may not be included under the horizontal CCD shift register, but is probably not desirable under the output source follower amplifier. An important factor is the integrated uncompensated boron remaining between the substrate and the uniform n-layer and will lie in the range 0.5-1.5E11/cm2. The exact amount depends on the proximity of the isolation and the p-stripe to be discussed next. (3) Ion implant the p-well stripe 36 in the region where the vertical CCD shift register will be constructed. This is a masked boron implant, the opening for the implant being approximately the same as that for the buried channel along the transfer gate side of the buried channel, and either along the edge of the buried channel or within the isolation on the side opposite the transfer gate. Thermally diffuse the p-stripe 36 so that the junction with the light n-well is approximately 1.25 μm below the top surface.
This diffusion step will drive the other junctions only slightly deeper. This diffusion step will drive the p-stripe 36 laterally under the transfer gate 24 (FIG. 1) toward the photodiode. It is this p-type dopant that controls the threshold voltage or channel potential under the transfer gate, so the diffusion step must be adequate to place a sufficiently high concentration beneath the transfer gate. However, the p-stripe must not diffuse beyond the transfer gate into the diode 16 because it will then result in an electrostatic potential barrier to the transfer gate, as discussed above. Modeling and experimental results indicate that a 1.2 μm transfer gate is sufficient to both have no barrier and also maintain proper gate control. At this point the remaining fabrication steps are the same as would occur for any interline CCD imager sensor constructed in a p-well. As is apparent from cross-section FIG. 4, the diodes are depletion isolated in the vertical direction. Although the n-type diodes appear to be shorted together beneath the p-field isolation, the doping of the uniform, n-layer, 34, is sufficiently low that this region is completely depleted during operation and a large potential barrier isolates the photodiodes in this direction. This same depletion isolation prevails at any boundary between a photodiode and an adjacent vertical shift register.
The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to a certain preferred embodiment thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
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RESEARCH CENTER for DELMARVA
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Delmarva Heritage
Delmarvan Once Disputed Gen. Washington's Rank
Salisbury Times - June 29, 1962
This past winter the story of the rather heated
disagreement between George Washington and John Dagworthy in the
1750's was brought to my attention. It is such an amusing story of
two men who gave many years of lifetime to public service and the
welfare of the American people that it is being called now to your
Little is
known about the birth of John Dagworthy, other than that he was born
in New Jersey, and there was mention of him in the New Jersey
archives of the 1730's and 1740's. Although he became a citizen of
Delaware and one of the leaders in the development of southern
Delaware, his chief claim to fame probably was his service in the
military forces. Actually he saw service in three colonial wars,
including the American Revolutionary War.
In King
George's War (War of Austrian Succession in European history) with
France in the 1740's, Dagworthy was commissioned a captain in the
New Jersey regiment. During the campaign against the French in
Canada he was in command of a force of English and Colonial troops.
After this war, Dagworthy went to Great Britain to receive a royal
commission as captain.
EARLY 1750's, just before the "official" outbreak of the French and
Indian War, Captain Dagworthy was in command of two companies of
rangers and other militiamen, which had been created for the western
frontier of Maryland.
In a way
Dagworthy's commission at that time came from Gov. Sharpe of
Maryland, and thus it was a "colonial" commission and not one from
the royal British army. It was during this period of service that
the long and bitter dispute between George Washington and Dagworhty
began. The question arose as to which of these two gentlemen
outranked the other, and thus had command of the units on the
George W. Marshall, before the historical Society of Delaware in
1895, presented a paper, "Memoir of Brigadier-General John Dagworthy
of the Revolutionary War," in which much time and space was devoted
to attempts to answer the question. Naturally there have been
supporters for both Washington and Dagworthy.
question of military rand and command has cropped up many times in
military annals. Sometimes the personal battle has been bitter;
other times on officer, for the good of the cause, has stepped aside
to let the other officer command. But it was the former case with
Washington and Dagworthy. Gov. Dinwiddlie of Virginia had
commissioned Washington, a colonel in the Virginia militia;
therefore he should have outranked Dagworthy's captaincy. But
Captain Dagworthy also held a royal commission which he believed
placed him above the authority of a "Colonial" colonel, such as
George Washington.
TO Sparks, in his Life of Washington, whenever Col. Washington was
with his troops at Fort Cumberland, Maryland, Captain Dagworthy paid
no attention to his orders. This then would keep the garrison in
"perpetual feuds and insubordination." The situation was explained
to Gov. Dinwiddlie, who intimated to Washington that Dagworthy was
at fault and might be arrested according to military law.
supporters of Washington have considered all of this foolish, for
they claim that Dagworthy did not have more than 30 men under his
command and therefore had no reason to believe he outranked
Washington. But the supporters of Dagworthy claim that he had many
more men under his command than 30.
dispute must have been very important to the two men, for Washington
made a winter journey to Boston for a personal appeal to General
Shirley of the British Army. In March of 1756 the matter was
finally settled when orders were issued that Dagworthy was ranked as
a provincial captain, thus Washington outranked him.
STILL much confusion about the entire situation and the events that
followed. For in 1756 Dagworthy was given greater military
responsibility and an increase in command. Gov. Sharpe had Ft.
Frederick erected as protection to the settlers, and by the end of
the summer a garrison of 300 under the command of Lt. Col. Dagworthy
were at the fort.
a Maryland historian claims that before long the Maryland forces
under Dagworthy equaled 500 men. In 1758 Dagworthy and his troops
joined the campaign against the French at Ft. Duquesne (present day
Pittsburgh). Lt. Col. Dagworthy was present at the surrender of Ft.
Duquesne, and was the first to bring the good news to the citizens
of Baltimore.
Marshall, in his article on Dagworthy, stated: "The capture of this
fortress filled the colonies with joy. Gov. Sharpe proclaimed a day
for public thanksgiving and praise; and the Assembly, to testify
their gratitude to the brave men who had served for their state,
appropriated 1500 pounds to be distributed as a gratuity among
them: to Lt. Col. Dagworthy, 30 pounds; to each captain, 16 pounds;
to each lt. 12 pounds; to each ensign, 9 pounds; and the remainder
to be expended in the purchase of clothing and suitable necessaries,
to be divided among the privates.
later, as a further testimonial to Dagworthy for his services, the
Assembly of Maryland gave him patents for a large tract of land in
what was then Worcester County, Maryland, lying at the head of
Pepper's Creek, which later by the surveys of the boundary-line
between Maryland and Delaware in 1767, was found to be in Delaware.
THE land was sound to be within the boundaries of Delaware,
Dagworthy did not suffer a loss. In 1774, all of these tracts were
resurveyed under the authority of the Penn family.
"Dagworthy's Conquest" was very extensive, containing altogether a
little over 20,000 acres. Besides his position as one of the
large4st landowners in Delaware, Dagworthy served for several years
as a justice for Sussex County, at which time he played a major role
in helping to determine the boundaries of the local hundreds.
the Revolutionary War, Dagworthy once again came to the service of
his native land. In helping to keep a watchful eye on the Tories in
Sussex County, he was a member of the Committee of Safety.
minutes for 1778 refer to him as Brigadier Dagworthy. Orders were
issued to Gen. Dagworthy to take immediate action to disarm "all the
disaffected inhabitants of said County of Sussex." A few months
before this some ammunition belonging to Maryland arrived in the
Indian River area and were placed under the charge of Dagworthy, who
sent it across the peninsula to Chestertown. In 1777, Thomas
McKean, a member of the Continental Congress from Delaware, wrote,
"We made a promotion the Militia by making Dagworthy a brigadier."
DAGWORTHY was a man of considerable wealth, and like most wealthy
colonials of the southern colonies, counted his assets in land,
slaves, and livestock. Dr. Marshall wrote: "... surrounded by his
family and a retinue of slaves he dispensed a liberal hospitality to
his many friends and admirers. He was honored and respected as a
bold patriot and earnest, honest citizen, solicitous for the best
interest of his State and the community in which he lived, and where
he largely developed the varied industries of the county.
From the
location of his burial place under the chancel of Prince George's
Chapel, which he enlarged, it is believed that he enjoyed the love,
confidence, and respect of the then leading denomination which he
fostered, encouraged, and helped to maintain by liberal
contributions during his eventful life.
then, in an obscure corner of the southern border of Sussex County,
lie buried the bones of a hero of three wars, a patriot, an honest,
industrious citizen, whose memory is unhonored and unsung.
However, today he has been honored by having both the
hundred and the town of Dagsboro named for him.
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