text:
A receiver operates in both a first polling protocol and in a selectable data acquisition protocol to both conserve power while quickly read long messages in wireless one-way communication systems. The receiver first polls data transmissions at a relatively slow periodic rate to identify messages. When the receiver identifies a corresponding address in the data transmission, a format packet directs the receiver to acquire data using a second data acquisition protocol independent of the polling protocol. The data acquisition protocol enables long messages to be communicated in a fast, highly reliable manner. After the long message is successfully transmitted, the receiver automatically reverts back into a polling protocol to conserve power.
1. A method for communicating long messages in a wireless one-way communication system, comprising:
transmitting a time division multiplexed data frame which includes both format packets and data packets positioned in specific temporal locations in said data frame, each format packet containing both an address corresponding to an associated receiver and containing pointers to a plurality of data packets each containing a portion of a given long message targeted for transmission to a given receiver;
polling the data frame with said given receiver at a first data rate for receiving an initial format packet addressed to said given receiver; and
reading said plurality of data packets containing the long message at a second data acquisition rate defined by the initial format packet, the data acquisition rate defined according to temporal locations in the data frame of data packets containing portions of said long message.
2. A method for directing long messages in a wireless one-way communication system, comprising:
transmitting a time division multiplexed data stream including both pointer packets and data packets, each pointer packet containing an address corresponding to an associated receiver and containing pointers to a plurality of data packets each containing a portion of a long message targeted for transmission to said associated receiver;
turning on said associated receiver at predetermined times and at a first predetermined rate thereby polling said data stream at discrete instances of time for identifying an initial pointer packet directed to said associated receiver; and
turning on said associated receiver at a second rate according to the temporal locations associated with the pointer values contained in the initial pointer packet thereby reading each said portion of said long message contained within said plurality of data packets directed to said receiver at said second rate.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/277,913, filed Jul. 20, 1994 which is now abandoned which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/981,968, filed Nov. 25, 1992 which is now U.S. Pat. No. 5,552,779 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/568,932, filed Aug. 17, 1990 which is now U.S. Pat. No. 5,168,271 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/101,137, filed Sep. 24, 1987 which is now abandoned which is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 06/802,844, filed Nov. 27, 1985 which is now U.S. Pat. No. 4,713,808.
This invention relates generally to wireless one-way communication systems and more particularly to a transmission and reception protocol that increases battery life in data receivers while maintaining reliable data transmission.
Radio paging devices and protocols are presently utilized in commercial paging networks to transmit short messages of around ten characters or less. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,713,808 to Gaskill et al., describes a paging system and protocol that transmits messages to a portable paging receiver. To extend battery life, the paging receiver periodically polls for data transmitted during specific time slots in a time division multiplexed (TDM) data stream.
Since the paging receiver is activated only in bursts for brief periods of time, little power is needed to operate the receiver over an extended period of time. Thus, batteries used in the receiver typically operate for up to one year.
Polling a data channel in brief time bursts is an efficient means for transmitting and receiving short messages. However, this communication protocol is not as effective when transmitting long messages of more than ten or twenty characters. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,713,808 describes a (TDM) data protocol where messages are queued into time slots and multiplexed together to form data frames. A receiver then polls the data frame during discrete time instances, such as once every few minutes.
The receiver is synchronized with the transmitter so that any message directed to the receiver will be transmitted at the same time that the receiver is turned on. If an address contained in the time slot is the same as an assigned address of the receiver, a data packet contained in the time slot is targeted for that receiver. The receiver will then read the data packet and output the messages contained in the data packet.
If the message is long, for example, more than ten characters, it cannot be contained within the single data packet of a time slot. Thus, the entire message must be transmitted by sending several portions of the message over several time slots. The receiver polling rate, however, is too slow to transmit the long message in a time efficient manner. For example, if the receiver only polls for messages once every two minutes, a long message extending over say five time slots would take at least ten minutes to transmit. In addition, messages are typically transmitted several times to ensure message reception. Thus, the time required to transmit the long message would be further increased several times.
If the polling rate of the receiver is increased to reduce the amount of time required to send a long message, the operating life of the batteries used for operating the receiver is proportionately reduced. Alternatively, long message transmission rates could be increased by eliminating transmission of redundant data. However, eliminating message redundancy reduces data transmission reliability and increases the probability that messages will not be accurately transmitted and received.
Accordingly, a need remains for quickly and reliably transmitting and receiving long messages while maintaining low receiver power consumption.
The present invention uses a programmable data acquisition rate for quickly communicating long messages while maintaining extended battery life and reserving selected slots for short messages. A receiver polls data in sequence with an predefined time slot in a transmitted data frame. If an initial data packet within the time slot indicates that a long message has been transmitted, the receiver continues to further read the data packet to determine a specific data acquisition protocol for reading the long message.
In one embodiment, a pointer packet contains a set of pointers that identify relative time slot locations in the data frame that contain each portion of the long message. The receiver, in turn, selectively turns-on during the time slots referenced in the initial pointer packet sequentially reading each portion of the long message. After the entire message, the receiver reverts back into the previous polling mode to consume battery power.
Another embodiment of the invention defines a fast periodic data acquisition protocol in an initial fast cycle rate packet. The receiver upon reading a cycle rate value from the initial fast cycle rate packet, begins reading data packets from subsequent time slots in the data frame at the cycle rate value. The data acquisition rate defined by the fast cycle rate value is faster than the polling rate. Thus, a long message is read in significantly less time than would be the case if the receiver were reading the message at the slower polling rate. The fast cycle rate packet defines a data acquisition rate and the number of data packets in the message. The receiver again starts reading data at the polling rate after reading each portion of the message.
In still another embodiment of the invention, a data format packet defines an output rate in which data is output by the receiver. The receiver is then turned on continuously reading each packet from the frame in an asynchronous manner and outputting data at the rate defined by the data format packet. The receiver remains active until another format packet changes the output rate to zero. The receiver then goes back into a polling mode.
A majority of the receiver battery power is consumed while polling for messages. Thus, increasing the receiver "on time" only briefly while receiving a long message, maintains long battery operating life. Since the data acquisition rate of the receiver is higher than the polling rate, the receiver has the capacity to quickly receive and output long messages.
The various data acquisition protocols described above allow data to be transmitted and received in a time and energy efficient manner independently of the polling rate. The data acquisition protocols described above also allow redundant transmission of long messages thereby ensuring reliable data communication. Further, the data acquisition protocol also allows short messages or priority messages to be sent quickly over a single selected slot.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a prior art method for polling a data stream at a periodic rate.
FIG. 2 shows a prior art method for asynchronously receiving data.
FIG. 3 is a TDM data stream containing a long message that is processed by using both a first periodic polling rate in combination with pointers from a pointer packet according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a TDM data stream containing a long message processed by using both a first periodic polling rate in combination with a second periodic data acquisition rate according to another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 shows a communication protocol for outputting asynchronously from a data stream at a selectable fixed rate according to another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a table of packet formats for implementing the data acquisition protocols shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5.
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram for initiating the different data acquisition protocols described in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.
FIG. 8 shows multiple subframes from a single frame containing redundant long messages.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show prior art communication protocols for transmitting and receiving data. Letters "A" through "J" each represent a time slot containing data packets queued in a sequential order forming a TDM data stream 12. Polling data in a wireless one-way communication system and the data formats and protocols used in transmitting and receiving data is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,713,808 to Gaskill et al. which is herein incorporated by reference.
Arrows 14 identify discrete units of time when the data stream is polled by a receiver 16. Arrows 14 indicates that receiver 16 is turned on during time slots "A", "D", "G" and "J". While receiver 16 is on, the information in each of these time slots is processed. For example, an address contained in time slot "A" matches the address assigned to receiver 16, a data packet transmitted during time slot "A" is targeted for receiver 16. Receiver 16 then reads the data packet in time slot "A" and outputs the associated message. For example, in a paging system, the message contained in time slot "A" is displayed on a pager receiver in the form of a phone number, slot message, etc.
Because the batteries used to power receiver 16 have a limited operating life, data stream 12 is polled for only short bursts of time as indicated by arrows 14. If each time slot "A", "D", "G" and "J" contain a message addressed to receiver 16, the data packets in each time slot are output from receiver 16 as shown in output message 18. In standard paging systems only a limited number of characters (e.g., 10) can be transmitted in any one data packet. Thus, the communication protocol shown in FIG. 1 is not effective for transmitting long messages containing dozens of characters.
FIG. 2 shows a data stream 20 processed asynchronously by a receiver 22. Receiver 22 is continuously reading data packets from each time slot in data stream 20. If each data packet "A"-"J" contains information addressed to receiver 22, the receiver outputs a message 24. The communication protocol shown in FIG. 2 is effective in transmitting long messages. However, the receiver 22 remains on continuously. Thus, protocol in FIG. 2 impractical is in portable one-way receivers where receiver power consumption must be rationed to extend battery life.
FIG. 3 shows a one-way wireless communication protocol that incorporates a first data polling scheme in conjunction with a second data acquisition scheme for communicating long messages while at the same time maintaining extended receiver battery life. A data stream 26 contains time slots "A"-"J". Time slot "A" contains an initial pointer packet and time slots "B"-"J" contain data packets. A sample format of the pointer packet and data packets are shown in further detail in FIG. 6.
A receiver 28 initially polls data stream 26 at a predetermined periodic rate as indicated by arrows 30 in a manner similar to receiver 16 shown in FIG. 1. Receiver 28 is assigned an associated address and is configured to activate in a synchronized manner with a corresponding time slot in data stream 26 (i.e., time slots "A" and "J"). Thus, receiver 28 is turned on for a sufficient amount of time to read the information in time slot "A". An address contained within time slot "A" is compared with the address assigned to receiver 28. If the two addresses are the same, receiver 28 then reads the pointer packet located in time slot "A" that defines or determines the data acquisition protocol for reading the subsequent message. The pointer packet conveys to the receiver 28 that the data packet in time slot "A" containing relative slot addresses that point to additional time slots in data stream 26. Each relative slot location contains a portion of a single long message targeted for receiver 28.
Upon processing the pointer packet, receiver 28 changes into a second data acquisition mode. In this data acquisition mode, receiver 28 turns on during each subsequent time slot addressed in the pointer packet in time slot "A". Arrows 32 indicate each time slot identified in the pointer packet. Thus, receiver 28 turns on during time slots "C", "D", "F" and "I". The data packets in these time slots, are combined to form a long message 34. After all the data packets referenced in the pointer packet in time slot "A" are output, receiver 28 reverts back into the regular polling mode as indicated by arrow 30 directed to time slot "J".
Thus, receiver 28 receives long messages significantly faster than the polling scheme shown in FIG. 1. Since, only a small percentage of the operating time of receiver 28 is actually used in acquiring data, the additional "on-time" during the data acquisition period does not significantly effect receiver battery life. Since receiver 28 reverts back into a polling mode after the message 34 is output, power continues to be rationed for a majority of the operating time of receiver 28.
FIG. 4 describes another data communication protocol for receiving long messages where the receiver 28 turns on at two different periodic data rates. Data stream 26 is substantially the same as data stream 26 shown in FIG. 3. However, the format packet in time slot "A" indicates that a periodic data acquisition protocol should be used to read a long message as opposed to the previously described aperiodic pointer scheme shown in FIG. 3.
Receiver 28 initially polls data stream 26 at the time slots indicated by arrows 30 in the same manner as previously described in FIG. 3. If the address in time slot "A" is the same as the address assigned to receiver 28, the format packet in time slot "A" is read. A fast cycle format packet in time slot "A" directs receiver 28 to begin turning on at a periodic data acquisition rate that is faster than the polling rate.
Arrows 38 represent each time slot that receiver 28 is turned on during the data acquisition period. Receiver 28 is directed by the fast-cycle packet to turn-on for a specific number of time slots and at a particular data acquisition rate. During the data acquisition period, the address in time slot "B" is first read to determine if the associated data packet is directed to receiver 28.
If the address in time slot "B" matches that of receiver 28, the data packet in time slot "B" is processed and output as part of message 36. If time slots "D", "F" and "H" also include the same address as receiver 26, each time slot is output in message 36.
After the selected number of time slots have been read, receiver 28 reverts back into the polling condition as shown by arrow 30 at time slot "J". If the address in time slot "J" again matches the receiver address and a second fast cycle format packet is transmitted, receiver 28 is turned on at the data acquisition rate indicated in the new format packet. For example, if time slot "J" contains another fast cycle packet, receiver 28 begins reading data packets at the new data acquisition rate as indicated by arrows 40.
Again, the receiver only operates at the data acquisition rate when the transmitter (not shown) notifies the receiver that a long message is about to be transmitted. Thus, receiver 28 is activated at the faster acquisition rate for only the brief time period when the message is being transmitted. Thus, for a majority of the time receiver 28 operates at the slower polling rate, in turn, conserving battery life.
FIG. 5 illustrates a third data acquisition scheme where the receiver 28 is turned on continuously while outputting data at a selectable fixed output data rate. Data stream 26 is similar to the data stream shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. If the address in time slot "A" matches the address of receiver 28, format data in time slot "A" directs receiver 28 to turn on continuously as indicated by arrows 44. Receiver 28, in turn, will monitor each subsequent time slot for a matching address and corresponding data packets. Data packets with matching addresses are output as message 46.
The control data in time slot "A" directs receiver 28 to output data at a fixed output rate independent of the data transmission rate. If the data packets addressed to receiver 28 are not transmitted at the output rate defined in the format packet in time slot "A", receiver 28 fills in empty time slots with bogus data (e.g., questions marks) in message 46. To change receiver 28 back to the polling mode, the format packet from one of the time slots subsequent to time slot "A" changes the output data rate back to zero. The receiver 28, in turn, reverts back into a polling mode as indicated by arrow 30 at time slot "J".
The data acquisition scheme shown in FIG. 5 provides highly reliable data communication. For example, by keeping receiver 28 continuously turned on, and by specifying a given data rate lower than the transmission rate of data stream 26, duplicate messages can be quickly transmitted and error correction protocols employed to ensure reliable error free message transmission. Thus, the asynchronous communication protocol described in FIG. 5 incorporates a second fixed output rate that is independent from both the polling rate and the data transmission rate.
FIG. 6 is a table showing the format packets transmitted by a transmitter for performing the long message communication protocols described in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. While the table in FIG. 6 describes specific formats for performing wireless one-way long message communication, it is understood that alternative data formats can be used to implement the techniques previously described in FIGS. 3-5.
Each vertical column 50-60 in FIG. 6 represents a packet of information that is queued and transmitted in a specific time slot in data stream 26 (FIG. 3). There are 20 bytes in each packet each associated with a specific command or data information directed to receive 26. Typically, each packet and the associated time slot are combined with additional time slots forming a subframe. Multiple subframes (64) are, in turn, combined together forming a frame.
The transmitter (not shown) continuously sends out frames of data. Each frame lasts for approximately 15 minutes and contains TDM messages for many different receivers. The receiver 28 (FIG. 3) in one embodiment, polls each frame approximately eight times or about once every other subframe.
The packets 50 and 52 contain pointer packet formats for performing the data acquisition scheme described in FIG. 3. Packet 50 is referred to as a format packet and is the initial packet read by receiver 28 before entering into the pointer operation for reading a long message. Bytes 1-8 identify the time slot number, receiver address and indicate that a long message is being transmitted in the pointer format.
Bytes 9-18 contain relative slot addresses that identify where portions of the long message reside in the sub-frame or frame. Each relative slot address (i.e., pointer) in bytes 9-18 represents a relative temporal distance between adjacent portions of the long messages. For example, if the pointer value in byte 9 is 5, the first time slot containing a portion of the message is 5 time slots from the initial time slot containing format packet 50. If the address in byte 10 is 3, the next format data packet containing a second portion of the long message is 3 time slots from the time slot identified in byte 9. By using relative addressing, fewer bits are necessary to identify the different locations where the message is positioned in the frame.
Data packet 52 contains a portion of the long message. Bytes 1-5 specify the slot number, format and sequence of the data packet. Data sequencing is explained in more detail below in FIG. 8. Bytes 6-18 contain a portion of the long message. In the format shown in packets 50 and 52, 10 pointers are contained in each format packet 50 and 13 data bytes are contained in each data packet 52. Thus, up to 130 characters can be transmitted in a long message.
Packets 54 and 56 represent the data format for the periodic fast cycle data acquisition protocol previously described in FIG. 4. Bytes 1-7 in format packet 54 again identify the slot number, intended receiver address for the long message, and the periodic rate that the receiver will turn on while receiving the long message.
Byte 8 in packet 54 indicates the total number of data packets that will be read during the data acquisition period and byte 9 indicates the rate that data packets will be read. For example, a value of 100 in byte 8 directs the receiver to read 100 data packets. A value of 5 in byte 10 directs the receiver to read every fifth time slot.
Byte 10 is an on time multiplier that directs the receiver to repeat the data acquisition sequence a given number of times to ensure receiving a complete long message. For example, other receivers may be turned on during the same time slots. Thus the time slot may not be available to receiver 28. The on time multiplier in byte 10 directs receiver 28 to repeat in the data acquisition process a given number of times to increase the possibility of receiving the entire long message. Thus, a value of two for the on time multiplier will direct the receiver to read every fifth time slot for two hundred time slots.
A temporary address is contained in byte 11 and is used to identify the receiver associated with the data packet. Byte 12 identifies the beginning relative time slot for the periodic data acquisition process. Bytes 13 and 14 identify the number of data octets that are transmitted. If the last data packet is not full, bytes 13 and 14 direct the receiver to stop reading data after the last byte in the long message. Once all control information has been identified in the fast cycle packet 54, multiple data packets similar to packet 56 contain different portions of the long message.
Packets 58 and 60 contain the packet format used for the asynchronous selectable fixed rate data output protocol previously described in FIG. 5. Bytes 1-7 again identify the time slots, receiver address and the asynchronous and the data acquisition protocol that will be used to read the long message. Bytes 8-11 in format packet 58 identify the rate that data is output by receiver 28. Data packet 60 contains a portion of the long message directed to receiver 28.
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram outlining the data communication protocols described above. While the specific types and sequence of protocols used for data communication may vary, FIG. 7 identifies 4 typical communication protocols that can be separately enabled in a common receiver.
Block 64 initiates the standard polling scheme used by the receiver to identify a transmitted message. Decision block 66 checks the address in the format packet. If the address in the format packet does not match the assigned address of the receiver, the receiver continues the polling operation in block 64. If the address in the format packet matches the assigned address for the receiver, block 68 determining the format of the transmitted message.
If a pointer format is indicated, decision block 70 jumps to block 72 where the receiver is directed to read only the data packets in the relative time slots indicated in the initial pointer packet. If a fast cycle packet protocol is identified in decision block 74, block 76 directs the receiver to read subsequent data packets at a periodic data acquisition rate.
When decision block 78 identifies a fixed rate output packet, block 80 changes the receiver into a continuous reception mode as opposed to the burst reception modes used in blocks 72 and 76. Block 80 also directs the receiver to output data at the specified output rate contained in the format packet.
The data received when using the data acquisition protocols in blocks 72, 76, and 80 is then output as a long message in block 82. If a long message protocol is not identified, a standard short message protocol is indicated. Block 84 will then direct the receiver to output the message in the data packet contained in the format packet. After the long message or short message is output, block 64 changes the receiver back into the polling mode in anticipation of the next message.
FIG. 8 shows subframes 90, 92, and 94 each representing portions of a frame. Each subframe contains the same long message directed to receiver 28. Because the receiver 28 is mobile and only receives messages, an entire message or a portion of a message may not be successfully transmitted. For example, car ignition noise and broadcast noise can disrupt the transmitted message. Alternatively, nulls in the data transmission can occur, for example, when the receiver is passing though a tunnel. Thus, the same message is transmitted several times to increase the probability of successful transmission.
The packet sequencing number identified in byte 4 of packets 52, 56, and 60 in FIG. 6, is used as a flag to indicate which portion of a long message is presently being transmitted. For example, a sequence number of zero indicates the first block in a message, and sequence number one indicates the second block in the long message. Thus, the receiver can reconstruct an entire message from different portions of multiple messages.
For example, FIG. 8 shows the same identical message transmitted in three different subframes. The first iteration of the message is transmitted in subframe 0, the second iteration is transmitted two minutes later in subframe 7 and the third iteration is transmitted two minutes later in subframe 15. The receiver 28 polls subframe zero at time slot "X" as indicated by arrow 89. The format packet in time slot "X" indicates that a long message will be transmitted using a pointer packet protocol. Thus, pointers in the format packet in time slot "X" indicate that the long message is contained in time slots "A", "C", "D", "E", "G" and "I".
Due to interference, receiver 28 may only successfully receive portions of the long message contained in time slots "A", "E" and "I" as indicated in output 96. A "?" in a time slot indicates that the data packet in the associated time slot was not successfully read by the receiver. The packet sequence number allows the receiver to determine which portions of the message are missing. Thus, the receiver can incorporate missing portions of the message from a subsequent transmission of the long message.
For example, the long message is again transmitted to receiver 28 in subframe 7. The receiver combines portions of the long message not received in subframe 0 with data packets successfully received in subframe 7. Output 98 indicates that only the portions of the message in time slots "A" and "C" were successfully received in the second transmission in subframe 7. Thus, the portion of the message contained in time slot "C" is combined with the message initially received in subframe 0.
Subsequent portions of the message unsuccessfully received in subframes 0 or 7 are combined with successfully received portions of the message received in subframe 15. The portion of the message located in time slot "G" as indicated by output 100 was successfully read by the receiver in subframe 15. Thus, the portion of the message in time slot "G" is combined with the rest of the message read in subframes 0 and 7.
The final output 102 contains portions of data packets from subframes 0, 7, and 15. Because the message has more than one chance to be successfully transmitted to the receiver, reliability of the long message transmission is incurred. The message interleaving process shown in FIG. 8 can be used in conjunction with any of data acquisition protocols shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.
Having described and illustrated the principles of the invention in a preferred embodiment thereof, it should be apparent that the invention can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. I claim all modifications and variation coming within the spirit and scope of the following claims.
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SSHD: Allow SSH Connections from localhost only
I am doing some MPI development on my notebook using the MPICH MPI implementation. This implementation needs an rsh/ssh connection to work properly. I was reluctant to run a full
sshd instance on my notebook as I didn't want to open up port 22 to the world to attempt to gain access (even with password authentication disabled, root login disabled, etc.). I did some digging and found that the
sshd_config setting
'ListenAddress' would allow me to force
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ListenAddress 127.0.0.1
tells sshd to bind to lo, the loopback device. This means connections over eth* and wlan* will not work as sshd isn't even listening on these interfaces. As far as I can tell this will do exactly what I'm looking for as I only want ssh working on my local machine and not over interfaces other than lo.


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A group of transit contractors and subcontractors will pay a $4.6 million fine for allegedly misrepresenting minority participation on a federally funded light-rail project in Minneapolis.
At the same time, however, the joint venture Minnesota Transit Constructors Inc. (MnTC) and its subcontractors expressly deny the allegations, under the settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice.
Photos: Minnesota DOT
"We categorically deny any wrongdoing," said Jacque Fourchy, spokeswoman for Watsonville, CA-based Granite Construction, which led the JV and will pay $1.1 million of the settlement. Granite had the majority interest in the project.
$330M Light Rail Project
The MnTC joint-venture team was the design/build contractor on the 12-mile, $330 million Hiawatha Corridor Light Rail Project for the Minnesota Department of Transportation. The line connected the downtown Minneapolis-St. Paul Airport with the Mall of America.
The venture also included Granite's construction partner C.S. McCrossan Inc., of Maple Grove, MN; and a joint venture of Parsons Transportation Group, based in Pasadena, CA, and Edwards and Kelcey Inc., an engineering group acquired in 2007 by Jacobs Engineering Group. McCrossan also owns Midwest Pipe & Rebar Coating.
Allegations Disputed
"The claims asserted by MnDOT and the DOJ over the course of this five-year investigation are disappointing, and any inferences that we made misrepresentations in connection with this project are incorrect," said James H. Roberts, Granite's president and CEO.
"We disagree with the allegations; however, we felt it was in our best interest to settle the issue and avoid the expense and the distraction of litigation. While some settlements are accompanied by an admission of wrongdoing, notably, this one was not."
The other companies issued no statements on the settlement.
The Justice Department alleges that the companies "falsely claimed that they had used Disadvantaged Business Enterprises (DBEs) for part of the work on the project when they had not." The DBE program helps businesses owned by minorities and women work on federal construction projects.
To obtain and maintain their contract on the Hiawatha project, MnTC and its subcontractors were required to comply with the DBE regulations and to accurately report their DBE contracting.
'Merely Extra Participants'
"MnTC claimed that materials and services for the project were provided by DBEs, when in fact, they were provided by non-DBE subcontractors and the DBEs were merely extra participants used to make it appear as if a DBE had performed the work," the Justice Department said in a statement. "When businesses misrepresent those working with them to obtain government contracts, they violate the law and economically harm subcontractors who already face numerous disadvantages in the workplace," said B. Todd Jones, U.S. Attorney for the District of Minnesota. "This resolution helps to correct that injustice in this instance."
The Justice Department's total recoveries in False Claims Act cases since January 2009 have topped $7.5 billion.
"Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) fraud harms the integrity of the DBE program and law-abiding contractors, including many small businesses, by defeating efforts to ensure a level playing field in which all firms can compete fairly for contracts," said Michelle McVicker, regional Special Agent-in-Charge of the DOT's Office of Inspector General.
McVicker said authorities would continue to work "expose and shut down DBE fraud schemes that adversely affect public trust and DOT-funded transit programs throughout Minnesota and elsewhere."
Comment from Car F., (8/29/2011, 10:47 AM)
Another normal day of corruption, bribery and chicanery. This is probably [I have no empirical evidence] more the rule rather than the exeption: honest contarctors who follow the rules ALWAYS end last.
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Meet 34 year old Martin, a senior account director of a successful publishing company. Characterised by his premium approach to most things material, wherever Martin goes, you can guarantee his miniature pocket mirror goes too. Continue reading →
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text: No recent wiki edits to this page. Goron's Ruby is an item found in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. It is a Spiritual Stone kept by Darunia, the leader of the Goron race. When Link is able to lift the curse in Dodongo's Cavern, Darunia finally trusts him like a brother and rewards him the Ruby. Link needs this Spiritual Stone as one of the keys to the Sacred Realm.


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A college professor indulges his obsession diving for treasure on wrecked ships. His latest adventure promises a great payoff. However, the gold is cursed.
Pat, 2012-12-19 16:33:15
A couple interested in scuba diving search out the riches believed to be held in the remains of a ship lost at sea more than a century earlier. His obsession with the fortune is deeper set than hers and she pleads with him to be safe, take fewer risks, and heed the warnings of the locals aboard who tell tales of doom associated with the fortune.
Jhomel M., 2013-01-17 11:55:46


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Teen Mom
Kailyn Lowry's Son, Isaac, Cuddles With His Puppy: Cute Pic of the Day!
There's nothing like spending a day indoors cuddling up to an adorably puppy. Or a body pillow. You know, whatever floats your boat.
Teen Mom 2's cutest Toy Story fan, Isaac, is lucky enough to be living in a house full of pets, and our favorite? His adorable French bulldog! Isaac loves his pal with paws to bits and pieces, and Kailyn Lowry recently posted a picture of them hunkering down for a nap.
Um, could these two be any cuter? We love all creatures great and small (except spiders, which are completely horrifying and unworthy), but Isaac's puppy might just take the cake. Look at those cute little ears!


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Fair Haven board to consider blasting notification ordinanceBy Darren Marcy
Staff Writer | September 19,2013FAIR HAVEN Select Board members have agreed to consider a proposed ordinance requiring a blasting notice, but made no promises about approving it.
The issue is a difficult one in Fair Haven.
On one side, a company excavating a basement for a new home Aug. 24 caused some major headaches when a blast took out power lines serving about 1,900 Green Mountain Power customers and caused damage to electronics and appliances in more than a dozen nearby homes.
On the other side is the long-standing slate industry that relies on blasting and is already heavily regulated.
The Select Board has recognized the slate industrys importance to Fair Haven and members went on record at their meeting this week saying they werent interested in regulating blasting.
Town Manager Herbert Durfee said the town doesnt want to get into the business of regulating blasting.
Theyre very sensitive to the local industrial slate quarry operations, Durfee said. It would be more of a notification ordinance.
The Aug. 24 blast, in which the operator used dynamite, has been the subject of an investigation as authorities tally the damages.
Green Mountain Power spokeswoman Dorothy Schnure said GMP had not been notified there would be blasting near its power lines.
The explosion debris took out three power lines. A distribution line landed on a transmission line, charging the smaller line with a very large voltage that entered area homes.
Electronics and appliances were damaged and one small electrical fire was reported.
Durfee said enough people had contacted the town about the incident that he thought he should present the issue to the board.
Do they want to have more of a hand in blasting in the community in light of recent experience? he said.
Durfee said the board is not interested in a full-blown ordinance regulating blasting.
Thats not my recommendation, he said. My recommendation is it would be good for the Select Board to adopt some kind of a notification ordinance.
Even that, Durfee said, would likely draw the interest of the local quarrying companies.
He added his recommendation would include some type of waiver for the local industry.
Even that may or may not pass muster with the board, the town manager said.
They said its OK to draft a notification ordinance to look at, Durfee said. They may not even adopt that.
The ordinance will be introduced at a future meeting.
firstname.lastname@example.com IN This Just InBy Kathleen Phalen Tomaselli Full StoryBennington College and Middlebury College both top a list for most entrepreneurial colleges in... Full StoryWas the response to an alleged assault at College of St. Full Story
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day 1739, 'Richard Palmer' identified in prison at York Castle as the notorious outlaw DICK TURPIN; IN 1836, Battle of the Alamo begins near San Antonio de Bexar, Texas; 1896, the Tootsie Roll invented by LEO HIRSCHFELD.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1472, Orkney, Shetland islands put up as collateral by Norway to Scotland in lieu of dowry for MARGARET OF DENMARK on her marriage with JAMES III, king of Scotland; 1962, JOHN GLENN first American to orbit Earth.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: City mayoral candidates debate campaign issues; Hartford, Conn., woman still missing; Neal Goswami reports attempts to legislate suicide; local woman loses 100 pounds through TOPS program.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1878, JOHN TUNSTALL murdered near Lincoln, New Mexico, by the outlaw JESSE EVANS; in 1930, ELM FARM OLLIE first cow to fly in aircraft, first to be milked airborne; 1955, nuke test WASP; '79, snow in Sahara.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Rutland Herald News Editor Alan J. Keays and staff writer Gordon Dritschilo discuss stories planned for the February 18, 2015, edition of the newspaper: Winter budgets maxed, legal marijuana, Springfield bank job, USPS slowdown
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1249 AD, ANDRE of LONGJUMEAU is dispatched by LOUIS IX of France to meet the KHAGAN, ruler of the Mongol Empire; in 1804, during 1st Barbary War, STEPHEN DECATUR scuttles the pirate-held USS Philadelphia in Tripoli.


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Oh charming, the price has gone up $10, and other SDCC exclusives have gone up as well.
Remember what I said about the Shockwave HISS being near the upper limit of what would constitute an understandable exclusive markup?
I think it just hit that mark.
Jinx is the only one I see who didn't go up in price.
Tommy, close your eyes.
Darth Vader is becoming the Mickey Mouse of Star Wars.
"In Brooklyn, a castle, is where dwell I"
The use of a lightsaber does not make one a Jedi, it is the ability to not use it.
You know me. I only paid attention to the Joe stuff. SW in special packaging doesn't interest me.
Tommy, close your eyes.


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Plasencia Reserva Organica Robusto Reviews
write your own review
This is my new favourite! This cigar burns beautifully and consistently all the way down. It has a great draw and just the right amount of smoke. I have never had to re-light one to date and if your looking for mild and smooth, you have to try this.
This is a well constructed cigar. The draw and burn were as good as some super premiums and even better than some others. It was really a good looking stick. It's a shame that a stick is what it tasted like. Watery tobacco flavors mixed with occasional spice and even bitterness haunted this otherwise perfect smoke. I had the 5 pack and although they were all beautiful, they were all different shades of brown. The Plasencia Reserva Organica will go in my cigar journal but i doubt it goes back in my humidor.
Really nice construction, easy light and a terrific even burn. Draw was just a little tight. Pungent, earthy undertone to a delightfully mild and mellow tobacco, creamy soft in the mouth, and a delight to draw should you choose. Slightly peppery and spicy wrapper teases the lips all the way to the nub. Unobtrusive room note too, slightly sweet and just a hint of that spice. Absolutely recommended.
I rarely write review. This cigar deserves it. Although it does taste very strong, its construction, burning, draw are all very good. Good cigar to have at anytime. will buy more later for sure.
This is my new favourite! This cigar burns beautifully and consistently all the way down. It has a great draw and just the right amount of smoke. I have never had to re-light one to date and if your looking for mild and smooth, you have to try this.
there is not a better cigar out there, taste, draw, burn and consistent - an excellent choice. If you can get it on sale even better.
A very solid mild-to-medium stogie marked by an understated, nutty flavor. One-dimensional and offering no complexity, these are best consumed fresh, or not too dry. Construction is one of the best, with a sturdy wrapper that may very possibly be sun grown. Builds up more intensity past the first third, albeit only momentarily, while also revealing green, stemmy flavors on the midpalate and finish. Just like it is usually the case with kosher or organic-labeled wines, this one is solid, elementary, and ultimately uninteresting. I d undoubtedly buy more if they were priced like the Sancho Panzas. 87-88 points
Got 2 of these in a sampler I bought and smoked one right off the bat. Big mistake. Taste was awful. I figured the second one couldn t be any better so I left it in my humi and forgot about it. Came back to it about 3-4 weeks after and was blown away. Taste was mellow an smooth with a good spice to it. Give them time and you will have a outstanding cigar
Got the Robusto as a freebie with a Famous Smoke order. Started out slightly rough, dry and single note, but mellowed out and developed smooth, woodsy, nutty flavors. By the end, which came quickly, I wished it was longer. Thought price was a little high for what it was.
Good light smoke, good construction. Earthy and slight papery taste.
A cigar rises or falls on the occasion and this one stood straight up.


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Ooh la la! Guess who's switching from brie to borscht?
Gerard Depardieu, the enigmatic French actor, has become a Russian citizen. The announcement that Depardieu had officially been approved (by President Vladimir Putin himself, apparently) followed a flurry of exchanges between Depardieu and Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault over French President Francois Hollande's plans to raise taxes in Depardieu's native country.
At the end of last year, Depardieu publicly announced that he would be leaving France as a result of the tax structure, prompting Ayrault to call the actor's behavior "quite shabby." Ayrault went on to suggest that Depardieu was unpatriotic, saying, "Paying a tax is an act of solidarity, a patriotic act."
Depardieu fired back, claiming "I leave after paying 85 percent of my revenue in 2012," a statement that the French newspaper Le Monde concluded could not possibly be true. Since France has a progressive income tax system – like the U.S. – the top marginal rate would 75%, making it unlikely that Depardieu paid anywhere near 85% (click here for a quick primer on tax terms).
Even more damning? The tax that Depardieu alluded to in his statement isn't in place yet. It was to kick in beginning in 2013 but experienced a significant set back last week when the French court found the tax law to be unconstitutional.
Apparently, it wasn't so much the details as the principle. Depardieu left for Belgium, announcing to Ayrault, "Je rends mon passeport" ("I give you my passport.") Days later, rumors that Depardieu had become a Russian citizen were squashed with Russian President Putin saying, during a press conference:
If Gerard really wants to have either a residency permit in Russia or a Russian passport, we will assume that this matter is settled and settled positively.
Depardieu, who is much beloved in Russia, opted to take Putin up on the offer, largely, it appears to take advantage of Russia's flat tax rate of just 13%.
The public spat – and Depardieu's move – has called attention to the concern over France's economy. As in the U.S., public debt is high as is unemployment. French President Hollande introduced the so-called millionaire's tax of up to 75% on individuals making more than 1 million euro ($1,318,499.34 US) as a temporary measure to raise revenue. As expected, the proposal didn't thrill high income taxpayers, including Depardieu.
Will other rich French taxpayers follow Depardieu's lead? Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin thinks so, posting on twitter just yesterday, in an apparent nod to Depardieu:
Roughly translated, that means: "The West has an especially poor knowledge of our tax system. When they learn about it, we expect a mass migration of wealthy Europeans to Russia."
I wouldn't hold my breath. Russia has not historically been considered a draw for wealthy Europeans for reasons other than tax rates. Since the 1980s, concerns have escalated about poverty and unemployment, charges of corruption in the government and high rates of crime.
So what is pulling Depardieu to Russia? He's no stranger to the country. In addition to working there on occasion, he has the benefit of being famous in Russia. In addition to appearing in commercials for Sovietsky Bank credit cards, Depardieu has friends in high places in the country, including the controversial head of the Chechen Republic, Ramzan Kadyrov. In fact, Depardieu accepted the offer of citizenship by letter, noting:
I adore your country, Russia, your people, your history, your writers. I like to make films here. I love your culture, your way of thinking.
And then adding:
My father was once a Communist. This is also part of my culture.
Ironically, one of the tenets of the Communist manifesto is a "heavy progressive or graduated income tax."
Want more taxgirl goodness? Sign up to receive posts by email, follow me on twitter (@taxgirl), hang out with me on Facebook, pin something to my Pinterest board or check out my YouTube channel.
You can also buy my book in print at Amazon.com or as an ebook for the Kindle, the Nook from Barnes and Noble or through Hyperink.


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1. quenching - noun
· the act of extinguishing; causing to stop burning; "the extinction of the lights"
Synonym(s): extinction, extinguishing
Hypernym(s): termination, ending, conclusion
2. quench - verb
· satisfy (thirst); "The cold water quenched his thirst"
Synonym(s): slake, allay, assuage
Hypernym(s): fit, conform_to, meet, satisfy, fill, fulfill, fulfil
3. quench - verb
· put out, as of fires, flames, or lights; "Too big to be extinguished at once, the forest fires at best could be contained"; "quench the flames"; "snuff out the candles"
Synonym(s): snuff_out, blow_out, extinguish
4. quench - verb
· electronics: suppress (sparking) when the current is cut off in an inductive circuit, or suppress (an oscillation or discharge) in a component or device
Hypernym(s): suppress, stamp_down, subdue, conquer
5. quench - verb
· suppress or crush completely; "squelch any sign of dissent"; "quench a rebellion"
Hypernym(s): suppress, stamp_down, subdue, conquer
6. quench - verb
· reduce the degree of (luminescence or phosphorescence) in (excited molecules or a material) by adding a suitable substance
Hypernym(s): reduce, cut_down, cut_back, trim, trim_down, trim_back, cut, bring_down
7. quench - verb
· cool (hot metal) by plunging into cold water or other liquid; "quench steel"
Hypernym(s): cool, chill, cool_down
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This 1970 Fiat 850 Sport is an example of one of our favorite '60s Fiat body styles. The purple might need to go, but the videos and honest description from the seller make this one compelling. Find it here on Craigslist in San Bernardino, California for only $3900.
I was stationed at NATO HDQT's (Chievres AB – now Chievres Casserne) in Belgium in 1968. I bought a new Fiat 850 coupe – Dark Green/ Dark Saddle tan interior. Magnificent little sports car. They were popular with US service members. two others bought the same car – green with brown interior. Quality of interior excellent. Sounded sweet & so European when driving around Europe. Small rear engine compartment – thin metal lid/vented. I drove it on my honeymoon from Belgium down to Monaco & Cannes & Marseille – with my beautiful, young (I was young – the world at my feet) Belgian wife. We had had a fairytale wedding at a 16the century Catholic Church in Deux-Acren (her home village).
I have nothing but wonderful and loving and pleasant and exciting memories with my little Fiat in Belgium.
Sadly, I totalled the car one icy/snowy/foggy morning when I ran into another car parked on a country road in front of a bakery/patisserie on my way to work at Chievres AB (the SACEUR's airfield)
Sorry Odball Otos, not a flip, just bought too many cars at the same time. The Fiat is sold and on the way to it's new home.
Ah, I want it. Looks true to the good parts of Fiat tradition.
My dad had 3 or 4 prewar Topolinos. This would be a great tribute purchase. He was 6'4″ and fit in those Topos just fine. Just push the seat back! He could fit them into "impossible" student parking spaces at UT Austin in the 50's, even when he got to school late, as he always did.
Those cars had some oddball parts. I think one was made of steel parts bolted to a disk of vulcanized rubber. I want to say that was in place of a U-joint, but I can't remember details. On the other hand, they were designed by an aerospace engineer. Topos had drilled chassis members to keep the car light.
I'm 6′ 3″ @185#. Fit just fine. If you want air cooled it's easy to swap in a VW motor
someone sure went to a lot of trouble to paint it purple! Even the engine bay. Is that a GM alternator in there?
I still want one!
Oops… it's water cooled. It's still cool, but my interest level just dropped quite a bit.
This is so damn cute! If I had a trailer, garage, time, money, or the ability to take on a new project; then I would totally buy this little gem!
I have a serious soft spot for rear engined air cooled cars of all types. :)
(It' s where the motor belongs you know.)
the Grape Ape is sizz-0-lean. all this hype might get me to finish the last 10% on my 69′ orange 850. It's looks like good starting point for a resto fellas, scoop it up while you can! – long beach
@ Todd F & Varjak:
The prettier Vignale is the Vignale 850 Coupe, the stubbier one is the Vignale 850 Berlina/Sedan. There was also a cabriolet version of the coupe. Vignale also did the Gamine, a little roadster-type thing based on the 500 and two front-engined GTs, the Eveline, based on the 124 and the Samantha, based on the 125 (of which there have been a few on here.)
Unlike TGM, I would never admit that I owned a Vega. The one I didn't own was the worst vehicle I could imagine. I didn't own it for more than 60 days while waiting for my new car to be delivered.
The new car was a '74 240D which felt like a rocket after not driving a Vega.
My dad bought one of these (school bus gold) in 1970 for $2100 out the door. It replaced a 27hp '64 600D which had served as faithfully as any Fiat ever did in Michigan (rust got it). I was 13 when the 903cc 58hp "850" joined the family & 3 years later – now equipped with Bilsteins, camber compensator, Abarth exhaust, 124 model wheels (half inch wider) and wheel spacers, I took my drivers test in it. The examiner failed to pass me, insisting that I had exceeded the speed limit too often, as he pointed to the big tach – which was nearest him. He was too embarrassed to reverse the paperwork. I took my retest a week later in the Caprice wagon… Somewhere in between those years, my dad drug home a red '69 that wouldn't run. I disassembled the engine into teensie tiny bits and put it all back together. Voila! Sold for $500 and surely broke even… The '70 was finally sold in 1975 when we started our "Opel Years" – last I knew the car lost its front suspension due to being rusted out & hit a parking curb… memories indeed. If anybody needs help setting points on an 850, I'm your guy…
Ahhh I can smell the Italian Interior coming unglued as we speak. This car looks like it has the big motor, I.E 900CC….If it was shiny and running in thin air it would do 100MPH. Kingpins, tranny mounts, but what a great handling little gymkhana car.
Mustard was the popular color…..
A great car. I had 2 of them in the late 70's. The whole back end of the car came off after you removed 4 bolts. You could then straddle the engine and lift it off.
The bodies however, did not like the Wisconsin road salt.
@Jim Simpson….problem is, there's an Alfa (maybe 2 now) that's knocking on my garage door asking to be let in. In younger years I would just let the fleet grow but older and wiser is telling me to focus on one marque at a time. This 850 will be a great little car for someone. Very entertaining to drive and a fun restoration project.
Stylish yet inexpensive when new, but smalllll. So small that I'm thinking a lot of No American adults couldn't be comfortable in one, or even fit in it to drive it safely. If true, that couldn't have been good for Fiat's survival here, and, until recently, we know how that turned out.
About 36 years ago (wow, it's been that long ago?) a co-worker owned one of these in "bottle" green. I really liked that car and probably should have told him so, because when I needed a "second" car I settled on a '69 Valiant Signet with slant 6 and automatic. When he saw my "new" wheels, about a week after I bought them, he said: "why didn't you let me know you were looking for another car? I would have sold you this one".
For those folks who see a hint of Vega in the styling….850 Sports PRE-date Vegas by about 5 or 6 years. And if you haven't seen a 850 up close….they are SMALLER than a VW beetle. But if nothing else, the 2 big dials right in front of the driver say Italian Car quite loudly, even if the exhaust note (if the muffler is somewhat stockish) says otherwise.
Buy this and keep it looking like this for as long as possible, putting all your spare cash into the mechanicals.
@PeterInno – I was thinking exactly the same thing. Almost like it happened one time too many to this poor guy, and he finally decided to get rid of it. In the pre-Internet days he would have put up a cardboard sign saying "free car" but now we have Craigslist.
It's a cutie but too far away for me to buy on a lark.
What an odd location for a photo shoot. Looks like its pulled over after overheating. Tool bag on the passenger seat too.
We've all been there; but still…
Don't know about a Vega, but I see a dusting of Opel Manta 1900 in this thing, especially the rear end.
Love the sound it makes.
I had one of these and loved it. Still think it was one of my favorites. Put some mods on it (exhaust, intake, Abarth wheels) and drove it close to 100,000 trouble-free miles before some airhead in a Pontiac rear-ended me and ended it life. I'd jump at this one if it was a few thousand miles closer to home.
It's a good thing it's at the other end of the state!
…hmmm…I do have a set of CD35 Daytonas for it…
This would be buckets of fun with a big bike motor.
Oops, being awake 20 hours straight and then commenting on BaT is obviously a BAD idea… What the @*#@* was I thinking.
Disregard above comment!
I think the key to this is to have Jim Simpson redo the nose like he does to those Miata Italias and then toss in hayabusa, roll cage and 60s headrest free bucket seats.
Of course the purple paint HAS to stay, with perhaps a gaudy silver side-stripe like a BMW Alpina B3 Biturbo
In person these look less Vega & more Coin-Op Ride——
—In a GOOD way! Neat little cars. Good price on this one.
this and a tricked out cinquecento were the cars to have as a teenager in Italy….go figure…
as was said….spend some $$$ on a red paint job….or even the powder blue that they came in and you have a fun unique ride…
I like the car. I like the price.
Vaguely Vega-ish. Sweet ride.
Steve Jobs used to have one of these in Abarth trim: http://www.fiatftw.com/2011/10/steve-jobs-visionary-fiat-owner.html
Always loved the look of this.
If it is running cool, there are no "thunks" when dropping into gear, and ESPECIALLY if the 2nd gear synchro is intact, good price for a fun car!
Did you mean to enter this number as a bid? If so please use the bidding box above.


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This Break Open Real Geodes Science Kit is an adventure ready to be discovered. Geodes were formed millions of years ago when prehistoric volcanoes erupted and gas bubbles were trapped in the lava.
The result is a science phenomenon-incredible crystal caverns within each exciting geode. When kids gently hit one of the geodes with a hammer, it will break open to reveal a hidden mineral treasure.
The kit includes:
We have a 3-5 day in-house process. There will be an additional 1-7 days for delivery.
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If you would like for us to ship your order directly to you, you will be charged the actual postage amount. That amount is calculated once your order is picked, packed and ready to ship. International shipping address are excluded from all shipping discounts. All orders shipped to an International location are charged the actual cost of shipping.
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Updated at: 11/11/2012 4:35 PM
By JILL LAWLESS
(AP) LONDON - Valerie Eliot, the widow of T.S. Eliot and zealous guardian of the poet's literary legacy for almost half a century, has died. She was 86.
In a statement Sunday, the Eliot estate said Valerie Eliot died two days before at her London home after a short illness.
Born Valerie Fletcher in Leeds, northern England, on Aug. 17, 1926, Eliot was the second wife of the U.S.-born Nobel literature laureate. She met him at London publisher Faber & Faber, where he was a director and she a star-struck secretary who had been a fan of his work since her teenage years.
"I felt I knew him as a person" from his poems, she told The Independent newspaper in 1994, "and evidently I did."
The poet's first marriage, to the mercurial Vivienne Haigh-Wood, had been unhappy; she died in an asylum in 1947.
He and Valerie wed in 1957, and friends described the marriage as a happy one despite the almost 40-year gap in their ages.
Valerie Eliot later recalled that their routine included evenings at home eating cheese and playing Scrabble and trips to the theater.
"He obviously needed a happy marriage," she later said. "He wouldn't die until he'd had it."
After T.S. Eliot's death in 1965, Valerie became his executor, editing his poems and letters for publication and steadfastly refusing to cooperate with would-be biographers, in keeping with the poet's last wishes.
She did, however, welcome the unlikely idea of a stage musical based on a volume of Eliot's whimsical verses, "Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats." It became the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical "Cats," a global hit that brought in huge sums for the Eliot estate.
Valerie Eliot used some of the windfall to set up a literary charity, Old Possum's Practical Trust. She also funded the T.S. Eliot Prize, an annual award for poetry.
She oversaw publication of a much-praised facsimile edition of T.S. Eliot's modernist masterpiece "The Waste Land" _ whose bleakness was thought by some to have been influenced by his first marriage _ and edited multiple volumes of letters that gave scholars new insights into the intensely private poet.
The latter was a long and unfinished project _ the third volume of letters, published earlier this year, reaches only to 1927.
Valerie Eliot rarely gave interviews, but did speak to The Independent in 1994 on the release of the movie "Tom and Viv," which portrayed the poet's first wife as an adventurous spirit neglected by an unfeeling husband. Valerie defended T.S. Eliot against the allegation of neglect in his first marriage.
"Tom tried very hard and for a very long time to make a go of it, and he's never given credit for that, is he?" she said.
A death notice in the Daily Telegraph newspaper said there would be a private funeral at St. Stephen's Church, where the Eliots both had worshipped, near their home in west London.
(Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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June 2, 2011
Complete Release in PDF Format
NORTHRIDGE, Calif. -
And Then There Were None...
The 2011 Cal State Northridge Baseball season has officially come to and end, spelling the conclusion of the first Matador season under head coach Matt Curtis. The Matadors finished the year with a 23-33 overall record and a 6-18 mark in a Big West Conference that includes two Top 20 teams and threatened to send three teams to NCAA Regional Tournaments this spring. Despite finishing ninth in the Big West, Northridge ended the year seventh with 23 wins and a .411 winning percentage.
With five starters returning from a season ago, the Matadors worked to find the best combination and came away with notable victories throughout the campaign. On Opening Day, Northridge defeated Seattle University 2-0 to improve to 31-20-2 in season openers. The Matadors won their first series of the year on the second weekend by defeating Valparaiso 6-3 to take the four-game set 3-1. From there, they traveled to Beaumont, Texas for their first road trip and a four-day invitational at the YMBL Cardinal Classic at Lamar University. After dropping the first two, Northridge rallied for a 3-2 walk-off victory over San Francisco, a team that is competing in the NCAA Tournament, on March 5. Northridge finished the weekend with a thrilling 7-6 victory over Lamar to split the invitational 2-2.
Other notable wins include the program's 1500th victory on the diamond following the series-clinching victory over Sacramento State on March 19 and a season home-and-home sweep of the UNLV Rebels, a team that finished with 33 wins and just 10 home losses. One of the most thrilling wins came on the road at Cal State Bakersfield when Joshua Goossen-Brown pitched 8.1 innings in a 2-1 victory that featured Nate Ring throwing out a runner at the plate in the bottom of the ninth to preserve the lead.
After a 0-6 start to Big West play, the Matadors returned home and turned un a 13-6 victory over Pacific for their first conference win. The first conference series win came two weeks later after back-to-back wins over UC Santa Barbara at home. Northridge salvaged a game in the series against UC Riverside with perhaps the most thrilling offensive victory of the year, a 9-8 come-from-behind walk-off win as CSUN scored six runs with two outs in the ninth inning to force extras before a safety squeeze with one out by Matthew Moreno scored Tommy Simis from third as the winning run in the 10th.
The next Northridge victory was their first road conference win, a complete game four-hit shutout by Vincent Roberts, the first such performance in over five years for the Matadors. Northridge won its final game in the opener against Cal State Fullerton, the No. 9 team in the nation, in a toe-to-toe battle at Matador Field. Moreno racked up three hits and Marty Bowen drove in two for the first win over a ranked opponent in 2011. At the end of the year, three Matadors received Big West recognition for their play on the field. Andrew Muren and Bowen were named to the All-Big West Second Team and Roberts received an Honorable Mention.
Results from The Final Weekend
The Matadors completed the final series of the season by going 1-2 against the No. 9 Cal State Fullerton Titans at Matador Field. Northridge opened up Friday's matchup with another outstanding performance on the mound by Vincent Roberts, who followed up his complete game shutout at Long Beach State by giving up two hits and an unearned run in 6.2 innings. Matthew Moreno went 3-for-4 with an RBI and Marty Bowen drove in two runs as the Matadors held on late for a 5-4 victory. Paul Tremlin recorded the final three outs on the hill to give the Matadors their first victory over a ranked opponent this season.
The Titans rebounded in the second game of the series by posting a 6-0 shutout over the Matadors. Northridge recorded six hits in the game, all singles, and could not figure out the Fullerton pitchers to put a run on the board. On the final day of the season, the Matadors and Titans were locked in a back-and-forth battle until the later stages in the game before Fullerton finally pulled away. Marty Bowen, Tommy Simis and Matthew Moreno doubled, Simis added a triple, and both Simis and Moreno drove in two runs in an 11-6 defeat to the Titans. Before the game, Paul Tremlin, Ryan Juarez, Shawn Wilyman, Justin De Marco, Ridge Carpenter and TS Reed were honored as the 2011 Matador Baseball Senior Class.
Conference Chatter Comes to a Close
The season has come to a close, and the Matadors finished the year ranked in the thick of the conference in many statistical categories. The team finished seventh in the Big West with a .262 batting average and a .358 slugging percentage. The Matadors ended the year tied for fifth in the Big West in hits (476) and sixth in doubles (86), fourth in runs scored (254) and runs batted in (227), and fifth in triples (11). When it comes to the long ball, no other team hit more homeruns as Northridge tied for the league lead with 22.
The Matadors displayed excellent plate discipline all year long as they were fifth in walks drawn (172) and in times hit by pitch (59) and sixth in sacrifice flies (20). Defensively, Northridge ranked seventh in the league in strikeouts recorded (329). The Matadors' pitching staff hit the fifth-fewest batters in the league (44), was tied for fourth in the conference in saves converted (12), and finished sixth in successful pick-offs (9).
Making History
With the Matadors' 10-5 victory over the Sacramento State Hornets on March 19, Cal State Northridge won its 1,500th game on the baseball diamond. The program began play in 1959 as San Fernando Valley State College and started its inaugural season 0-7 before winning for the first time in school history against UC Riverside 7-5 at Matador Field. Now in its 53rd season, Cal State Northridge baseball has won 12 conference titles, the first in 1965 (California Collegiate Athletic Association) and the most recent in 2002 (Big West Conference), and two NCAA Division II National Championships (1970 and 1984).
Yard Work
The Matadors finished 2011 ranked at the top of the Big West with the long ball. Led by a Tommy Simis solo shot with two outs in the bottom of the ninth, they completed a six-run rally to force extra innings in a game the Matadors would win 9-8 over UC Riverside. Against UC Santa Barbara on May 7, both Marty Bowen and Steven Keller hit two-run bombs in the Matadors' 4-2 series-clinching win. In the 2-1 victory over Bakersfield on April 10, Ridge Carpenter led off the game with a solo home run to right field that proved to be the winner. Against Sacramento State, senior TS Reed hit his first home run of the season, a three-run shot in game two of a doubleheader on March 18, and redshirt sophomore Tommy Simis added his first of the year the next day in a pair of victories and added his third on April 22 with a three-run shot in the bottom of the ninth against Pacific.
On March 8, Andrew Muren's grand slam capped a six-run seventh inning and Chris Allen added a two-run blast in the eighth to beat San Diego State 12-9. In the victory over Lamar, Nate Ring hit a solo homer in the top of the first to give CSUN an early 1-0 lead. During the series with Valparaiso, three different Northridge batters hit their first home run of the season. Keller, sophomore Chris Allen and freshman Miles Williams all cleared the bases with two-run homers. Sophomore Joshua Goossen-Brown hit a home run in his first career at-bat for the Matadors against Seattle as well. As a team, the Matadors tied for the lead in the Big West Conference (22) as 11 different Matadors went yard this season.
Winning the Arms Race
The Matadors were able to keep leads in games thanks in large part to the defense. Whether they were turning timely double plays or throwing out runners on the basepaths, the Matadors sent a message to opponents and the rest of the conference. In a 2-1 victory over Loyola Marymount on March 27, Northridge threw out a runner at second base, third base, and two at the plate. In the tops of the fourth and fifth innings, ground balls to shortstop Kyle Attl resulted in runners out at home as he fired to catcher Steven Keller twice to keep runs off the board. Adam Barry cut down a runner at second base from left field and Nate Ring threw out a batter trying to stretch a double into a triple. In the 2-1 victory on the road against Bakersfield on April 10, both Drew Muren and Nate Ring threw out runners at the plate to preserve the lead; Ring fired home to cut down the runner trying to tie the game with one out in the bottom of the ninth. Against UC Santa Barbara (5/6 - 5/8), Muren excelled in his position in center field by throwing out two runners on the basepaths, once at the plate and once at second base.
Putting Up Zeros
Junior Vincent Roberts was lights out for the Matadors all season long on the mound. At Long Beach State on May 20, the Modesto, Calif. native went the entire way for a complete game, four-hit shutout. His performance was the first complete game thrown for Northridge since Paul Tremlin did it against UC Davis on May 1, 2010, and the first shutout thrown by an individual Matador since Edwin Quirarte's on April 30, 2006 at UC Santa Barbara. In his final start of the season, he pitched 6.2 innings and struck out five while allowing just one unearned run in a 5-4 victory over No. 9 Cal State Fullerton. On the year, Roberts compiled a 3.44 ERA with a team-high 55 strikeouts. In conference play, Roberts worked for a 3-1 record and a 2.20 ERA in 45.0 innings. For his efforts this season, Roberts was selected as an Honorable Mention in the yearly conference awards by Big West Coaches.
Breathing a Simis of Relief
Redshirt sophomore Tommy Simis quietly came on strong for the Matadors in the later stages of the season. Simis' solo home run with two outs in the bottom of the ninth against UC Riverside (5/15) sparked an epic six-run rally to tie the game at 8-8 and force extra innings. He then reached base in the 10th and scored the winning run with one out to complete the comeback. Simis doubled and tripled on the final day of the year, driving in two runs against No. 9 Cal State Fullerton as well. On the season, Simis hit .258 with 11 doubles, 29 RBI and tied for the team lead with four home runs. His doubles total was second-best on the team and he tied for second-most RBI and had the third-most runs scored (29).
Where There's a Williams, There's a Way
Freshman Miles Williams embraced his opportunities in a starting role late in the year and had the best three-game stretch of his young career against UC Riverside (5/13 - 5/15). Williams had a single and scored a run in the opener, went 2-for-4 on Saturday, and went 3-for-4 with a walk, run scored, and reached on an error in the 10th inning in the 9-8 win on Sunday. He also had a two-out RBI single in a 2-0 win at Long Beach State (5/20). Williams, in conference games, had a batting average of .267, and had 12 of his 17 hits in the Big West season.
The Anchor in the Outfield
Redshirt junior Andrew Muren doubled in two runs to tie the game with two outs in the bottom of the ninth against UC Riverside (5/15) and posted three hits (two doubles) in four at-bats and scored three runs in Northridge's 13-6 victory over Pacific on April 21. He had four hits, including a homerun and double, and five RBI in the conference-opening series at UC Irvine (4/1 to 4/3) and was named as a Big West Conference Co-Player of the Week after hitting two home runs, driving in seven runs and scoring six between March 7 and 13. Muren's grand slam in the bottom of the seventh inning against San Diego State on March 8 scored the eventual winning run for the Matadors. He added a 3-for-4 game with one run against Long Beach State on May 22. In the three game series against UC Santa Barbara, Muren gunned down two runners, one at the plate, and made a long run and diving catch to save another run. His prowess in the outfield did not go unnoticed by the Big West Conference coaches, as they voted him the Best Defensive Outfielder in a College Baseball Insider poll earlier this year. Muren finished the year third in the conference with 17 doubles and tied for eighth with 37 runs scored in 2011. For his work this season, Muren was selected to the All-Big West Second Team by the conference coaches.
The Flyin' Hawaiian
Senior outfielder Ridge Carpenter tripled twice at UNLV (4/5), becoming the first Matador with two triples in a game since 1998. Against Long Beach State on May 21, Carpenter went 4-for-4 for the first four-hit game of his Northridge career. He added six hits in the series against Pacific (4/21 - 4/23) and two against UC Santa Barbara on April 26 and is the team leader in multiple-hit games with 17. He had five hits over three games against UC Riverside (5/13 - 5/15) and stole his 15th base of the year. In Northridge's 10-3 victory on Feb. 19, Carpenter went 3-for-4 with a walk and three runs scored. Over the summer, he was ranked as one of the top ten recruits competing in the Hawaii Collegiate Baseball League for his success as a member of the Kauai Menehunes. His speed and skill led him to be named the Best Base-runner in the Big West in a College Baseball Insider poll of conference coaches. Carpenter started all but game in the outfield for Northridge this season and finished the year tied with Tommy Simis for the team lead with four home runs. He ended his final season at Northridge tied for second in the Big West with four triples and tied for third in stolen bases (16).
The Goosse is Loose
Sophomore Joshua Goossen-Brown pitched a gem on April 5 at UNLV, throwing 5.0 innings and striking out five in his first start of the season. The following Sunday at Bakersfield, he nearly tossed a complete game, throwing 8.1 innings and striking out four in the 2-1 victory. For his efforts, the Sherman Oaks, Calif. native was named the Big West Conference Co-Pitcher of the Week for April 5-11. On the week, Goossen-Brown went 2-0 with a 2.06 ERA in 13.1 innings. The pitcher/utility man has also spent time as the DH, first baseman, third baseman, catcher and relief pitcher for the Matadors so far this year and owns a .278 batting average. On the mound, Goossen-Brown compiled a 4.74 ERA with 43 strikeouts in 49.1 innings pitched and tied for the team lead this year with four victories.
Barry Nice!
Junior Adam Barry may have been new to the Matadors this season, but he quickly solidified himself as an offensive threat in the Big West. Although he ranked tied for fifth on the team with 46 hits, Barry was a spark for Northridge at the plate and owned the fourth highest batting average on the squad at .288. He had eight hits in the series against Pacific at Matador Field (4/21 - 4/23) and had his Big West Conference-leading 15-game hitting streak broken up in the weekend series at UC Davis. The hitting streak held up as tied for the longest in the conference this season.
A Golden State of Mind
Of the 56 games on the schedule in 2011, only five were played outside the state of California. Northridge welcomed Seattle University, Valparaiso, Lafayette and UNLV to Matador Field this season, but only made a return trip to Las Vegas before the year was through. The Matadors competed in the four-day YMBL Cardinal Classic on the campus of Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas from Mar. 3 through 6. They then traveled to Las Vegas to face UNLV for one game on April 5 at the halfway mark of the season, with the entire second half of the schedule against teams from California. In total, Cal State Northridge faced just six opponents that play their home games outside of the Golden State.
First Impressions
With the Matadors' 2-0 victory over the Seattle University Redhawks on Feb. 18, CSUN has now won on Opening Day two years in a row, bringing the program's overall mark to 31-20-2 in season openers. Junior Justen Gorski pitched seven strong innings and allowed just three hits to the Redhawks to notch his first win of the year. Gorski struckout eight hitters while walking two. Joshua Goossen-Brown and Ryan Juarez came into the game in relief to help preserve the shutout, with Goossen-Brown earning a hold and Juarez converting his first save of 2011. Senior TS Reed started the game at second base and went 1-for-1 at the plate, driving in both runs for Northridge.


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Have you ever noticed how seriously people take their 'friendships' on Facebook? Deleting, "unfriending," or "unliking" someone or some business can be taken as a serious blow. And, as little as we'd like to admit it, being removed from someone's Facebook world is a kind of big deal. So why do people do it? Simple… You annoy them.
Baby pictures, overly pushy political or religious posts, and TMI Too Much Information status updates from friends are just screaming for a 'delete,' but as a business or brand on Facebook, what causes followers to flee? According to Lab42's latest research, 73% of social media users "unliked" a brand because of the following reasons:
- Brands posted too frequently
- The consumer stopped liking the brand
- A bad customer experience
But don't let this discourage you, as social media users still find brand Facebook pages highly valuable. According to the study, 87% of people on Facebook "Like" brands, 82% of people think Facebook is a good place to interact with brands, 75% feel more connected to a brand on Facebook, and drum roll please… 50% of consumers think a brand's Facebook page is more useful than a brand's website!
It's apparent that brand Facebook pages are valuable and important, but how do we ensure people don't do the unthinkable and "unlike" our business? Simple… Don't annoy them.
Read more: via What Motivates People to Unlike Brands on Facebook – VR Marketing Blog.


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First mares confirmed in foal to Gemologist
Grade 1 winner Gemologist, standing his first season at WinStar Farm in Versailles, Ky., has had his first mares confirmed in foal.
The 4-year-old's first mare scanned in foal was Merry Me in Spring. Gemologist—who stands alongside his sire Tiznow at WinStar—quickly had two other mares confirmed in foal, making him three-for-three on his earliest mares covered.
Merry Me in Spring, a 12-year-old Wekiva Springs mare, was a stakes winner and earned $134,260. Her only starter to date is So Brilliant, winner of the 2011 Grade 3 Hollywood Prevue Stakes as a juvenile.
Merry Me in Spring is out of the stakes-winning Silver Deputy mare Merry Deputy, dam of seven winners from as many starters.
Campaigned by WinStar, Gemologist won the first five starts of his career, including the Grade 1 Wood Memorial Stakes. Also the winner of the Grade 2 Kentucky Jockey Club Stakes as a juvenile, he retired with earnings of $794,855.
Gemologist, who is out of the unraced Mr. Prospector mare Crystal Shard, is standing his first season at WinStar for a fee of $15,000.


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- Books → Design → Illustration
Breathless Homicidal Slime Mutants
written by Steven Brower
Universe Publishing | ISBN 9780789318046
Paperback – 304 pages
Member's price: $31.50
Usually ships within 2–11 business days.
A visually dynamic homage to the paperback. In 1968, John Leonard, then editor of The New York Times Book Review, listed the many merits of mass-market paperbacks: "They can be stuffed in purses, left in buses, dropped in toilets, used as coasters, eaten and thrown away. Their covers can be ripped off! Their spines can be broken! To buy a paperback today is to buy the means of revenging oneself on Western culture." Fast-forward forty years. Leonard?s affectionately flippant assessment may need to be revised as the explosion of digital media threatens the livelihood of the printed word. More than an act of revenge on Western culture, to buy a paperback may be a means of preserving one of its more charismatic?and socially, politically, and aesthetically influential?species. Breathless Homicidal Slime Mutants celebrates the mass-market paperback and gives it its due. A vibrant tour that starts with books from the late nineteenth century up to today, examining the most popular genres?mystery, romance, Westerns, how-to, cooking, and diet, and highbrow literature packaged for the broader audience?it focuses on the history of the art and design of the format and how it is inseparable from the history of American literacy, tastes, and mores of the twentieth century.