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Berkeley: A Tale of One City
Berke-le-ian or Berke-ley-an . . . adj: of or relating to Bishop Berkeley or his system of philosophical idealism. . . .
berke-li-um . . . n [NL, fr. Berkeley, Calif.]: a radioactive metallic element produced by bombarding americium 241 . . .
—Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary
On the Berkeley campus of the University of California, an old full-size portrait of Bishop George Berkeley, the 18th-century Anglo-Irish divine, lay for years stored in a dark basement under the women's gymnasium. Roger Heyns, so it is said, rescued it and now it is displayed on the staircase landing of the chancellor's residence. Some say it bears a strange resemblance to Heyns; a finicky person once explained the concealment of the Bishop on the grounds that to display such a representation in ecclesiastical regalia on campus would violate statutes forbidding religious proselytizing in state-supported institutions. Whatever the reasons for his long confinement or, now, for his resurfacing, few Berkeleyans today would recognize Berkeley on sight. Yet, as though to refute the Bishop's own doctrines, his ideas continue to exert strong influence upon the city named after him. For, as a philosopher he is credited chiefly with the theory that matter is merely a set of perceptions and, since our knowledge of anything is derived from our sensations of it, no object can exist apart from mind. Berkeley, both the man and the city named for him, must be seen to be believed.
That there is a mind-over-matter quality of the higher life in this city is nothing new. Many of its principal streets are named for philosophers, mathematicians, belletrists, and preachers. The tone of its culture from its beginning was shaped by the presence of a great university. Surrounding this high culture of learning are concentric circles of quasi-intellectual life, subcultures sustained or brought into being by their proximity to academic life. For years, the city has probably had more psychiatrists per capita than Rome has priests; but then it also has more nationally renowned divinity schools than even New York City; a whole area just north of the campus, which both attracts and produces clergymen, is known locally as "Holy Hill." In old redwood houses, overgrown with vines and shrubbery, one still can find molding volumes of the works of Mme. Blavatsky, the 19th-century mystic. Isadora Duncan's memory, and that of her nymphs prancing through hillside fogs in the Temple of the Winds, is still quite vivid.
Berkeley also now may be the world's bumper strip capital. In times of acute stress, which now are frequent, colorful strips appear on thousands of tailgates and bumpers, preaching to unconverted motorists on how to save or abolish, liberate or punish, elect or impeach. When Dean Acheson remarked recently that "conscience used to be an inner voice of self-discipline; now, it is a clarion urge to discipline others," he must have had this place in mind.
In times of calm between issues, these strips shred and fade, like scar tissue on old elephants. So too do the issues they have represented. (There was a flurry of abortion-legalization stickers last year, but these are no more seen.) Shortlived causes flash past each other in fast sequence, as in a light show. Nearly all are deemed political, and even a gentle one which simply says have a nice day some suspicious doves regard as a right-wing slogan. For this, as someone has said, is the city of adversary culture.
Gaining fame seven years ago for being the birthplace of American student militancy, Berkeley this year has come close to setting another American first. In its April elections, highly organized New Left radicals, mobilizing a huge campus-area constituency of young people, nearly captured control of Berkeley's city government. The current Council, now divided four-to-four between moderates and radicals, on many a night would resemble a Panmunjom truce negotiating session were it not for the presence of hundreds of jeering street people. City politics, hardly tranquil in the past seven years of spasmodic, riotous street upheavals, now are impacted with agenda items so numerous, shrill, and ideological that they would strain the stability of a moderate-sized Latin American country. In microcosm, the fears and angers of a nation in cultural travail now are impacted upon a relatively small and, in outward respects, unpretentious middle-class community.
The national implications of this are by no means slight. With the eighteen-year-old vote likely soon to affect many other university towns in America, enfranchising millions of transient students, this second Berkeley "first" may become a model for imitation elsewhere. But it would be a grave mistake to think that the significance of this local event lies simply in a power-standoff between classic poles of American political extremes; in a community long known as liberal, right-wing extremism has virtually vanished from Berkeley. Agnew, were he campaigning here for office, probably would not carry a single precinct even if he ran against a convicted rapist. The city's truncated political spectrum enables Berkeley radicals plausibly to label local middle-of-the-road liberal Democrats as conservatives, and liberal Republicans as reactionaries.
The politicization of the city further is complicated by vivid crises of civic, educational, familial, and organizational styles. The energetic purposefulness of Berkeley's Left now sharply contrasts with the confusion of liberals who do not share its values, but who have been caught off guard by a likelihood few of them ever imagined.
By some standards Berkeley recently has been outwardly a very unpretentious city. Now with a sizable black population (which is not radical and is not increasing as rapidly as some real-estate dealers assumed), the city ethnically is stable, heterogeneous, and, by conventional standards, cherishes a tradition of tolerance. In 1942, when many Californians were in a xenophobic rage as the Japanese relocation plan was carried out in wartime fear, Berkeley ladies organized going-away parties for Nisei deportees, and presented box lunches and other gifts to them. Even in the more dilapidated parts of town it is now hard to find areas which by any stretch of imagination could be called authentic slums. When Khrushchev's party of Russians visited California in 1959, Berkeley served the current interests of American foreign policy as a kind of Potemkin Village, in which the visiting Bolsheviks could be electrified by a sight of happy Negroes living in pretty bungalows. Since 1960 Berkeley has been in the forefront of state social-welfare policies with respect to dogmas of school planning, bussing, open housing, and many other social services. Its school budget, swollen during the affluent 1960's, now is the highest-per-student in the state, and accounts for the skyrocketed level of city property-tax rates, which also are the state's highest. Its police, reorganized several decades ago with help from the university's School of Criminology, is one of the best-educated, sophisticated, and tactful in the state. For a decade Berkeley has been California's civic leader in social legislation; and its city-manager system, perhaps the state's best in the efficient implementation of it. The city now hovers between disaster and chaos.
From certain other perspectives, Berkeley as city has long been very unusual. It is a very "culturally dense" community, by which in this instance is meant an intense impaction of intellectuals and other college-educated persons in permanent or quasi-permanent residence within a very small geographical area. In addition to its 27,000 college-student sojourners (most of whom will soon be enfranchised), Berkeley now has an amazing number of college-educated inhabitants. The alumni office says that currently there are over 15,000 alumni of the University of California living in the city. Adding to this the numerous graduates of all other American colleges and universities, plus the faculty of the university itself, and all other college students now living in the city but attending one of the many other junior and state colleges in the immediate area, a conclusion would seem inescapable: there is probably no other city in the world with such an intense concentration of the educated. North of the campus, topping this statistical Mount Everest of higher learning, as has been previously noted, is "Holy Hill," a cluster of divinity schools and their theological inhabitants—the largest amalgam of Protestant religious training on the North American continent.
No wonder that this small city of 120,000 people with its benign climate and hospitable reputation has become a mecca for student dropouts from other parts of the country, and also a way station for thousands of young middle-class people disillusioned by higher education yet anxious to remain within its aura. The city also is filled with uncounted persons who have proved unable to carry their graduate studies to completion, or who protract the experience to astonishing length. (A recent university study reports, for instance, that, on the average, nearly fourteen student years are consumed in the doctoral program of the university's English department for each doctorate conferred.) This quasi-academic subculture, an admixture of frustrations, deferred hopes, and disappointments is not unique; but again, it is the proportion of this to the total mass of the city which should attract our attention. The situation is exacerbated by the new drug culture—which in turn has physiological and spiritual effects: lowered aspirations, a dull "present-orientedness," and a socially-sanctioned hostility to achievement norms. For some of these, a practical compromise with reality occurs: many of Berkeley's postal clerks, mailmen, computer technicians, etc., are college dropouts, while other unskilled secondary services are being filled with part-time middle-class subsistence workers. A commune cult rapidly spreads in a wide swath around the university campus, representing a gentle accommodation to this transiency and to this tendency to immediate gratification, this loose rejection of individual purposefulness and enduring relations with other people.
"In happy climes, the seat of innocence," Bishop Berkeley said of his new utopia—
Where nature guides and virtue rules.
Where men shall not impose for truth and sense.
The pedantry of courts and schools.
But this seat of innocence is worn very thin. The authority of reason here has not fared well either: why should it be, one might ask, that a city set on such a hill of learning now should also have within it such strong impulses of unreason and anti-intellectualism, and (for its size) one of the highest crime rates in the nation? Why should it now be the center of some of the most powerful anti-liberal political causes in the nation? Why, also, should Berkeley now seem about to become the first American city committed to a Left politics which fails to draw basic lines of distinction between an awkward constitutional libertarianism and totalitarian extremism? The Black Panthers' birthplace is set almost under the shadow of the walls of the university—if this open university had walls, which it does not. In this literate city, its seven homegrown publications now include four underground newspapers (one of which claims credit for being the first of its kind in the country); the Black Panther News; Ramparts, a slick monthly for those who take their extremism with a chaser of crème de menthe; and the Daily Californian, a university-subsidized paper consistently engaged in the center of extremist politics, with a circulation larger than that of any other morning newspaper in the East Bay area. (The many excesses of this paper include, recently: incitement to attacks on individual professors for their political views; incitement to renewed violent assault on the so-called "People's Park"; condoning of previous bombings and trashings; etc.) With respect to the spoken word, it no longer is a matter of astonishment that, since the so-called Free Speech Movement in 1964-65, free speech here has become severely one-sided. Before that spurious dawning of freedom, figures of national importance, ranging from Right-Center to Left, appeared with frequency in public places on and off campus and were freely heard for their views . Secretaries of State, even Presidents, once spoke at the university. Another now disbelievable memory: in 1964, Mme. Nhu, sister of ex-President Diem of South Vietnam, actually appeared in public and was accorded a respectful hearing by a large audience of university students—few of whom, then, probably had any sympathy for her views or for her other imputed qualities. Nowadays, neither town nor gown is visited by public-ceremony speakers, whose presence might (as Eugene McCarthy once tartly observed of Stewart Udall's 1968 "controversial" appearance on the University of Wisconsin campus) be deemed by some "unwelcome." The Board of Regents no longer dares conduct its meetings here, in what still are its official rooms. Even when Senator George McGovern was recently about to speak on campus (the public arena is still free to some of those willing to adopt certain of the New Left dogmas), it is said that Congressman Dellums advised him in advance not to take any questions—"My supporters," he said, "ask stupid ones."
Some national observers of the recent Berkeley elections paint a picture of the local New Left which Berkeleyans of any persuasion would find difficult to recognize. In Newsweek, for instance, Joseph Morgenstern wrote an article, "New Blood and Brains," making of the April Coalition a kind of updated urban version of the Kennedy smart set which came to Washington in 1961. The new mayor, Warren Widener, comes out as a soft-spoken young black attorney, his home bookshelves full of Harvard Classics, and his Porsche impatiently waiting outside to "go through all five speeds out on the freeway." Loni Hancock, the Rosa Luxemburg of the radical trio, emerges as a housewife and "Brownie troop leader." A delight in the city's diversity engages all of them. "'It's a freaky town,' Bailey says." The Coalition's platform, says Newsweek, aside from its anti-war plank and its now defeated police referendum, is said to be "fairly unexceptional." But such clearly is not the case. If, as Morgenstern opaquely remarked, Loni Hancock "sees Brownies differently than your average Brownie leader," this may be because her platform, and that of the other two elected radicals, favors the right of juveniles to attend X-rated movies, and to smoke and drink alcohol at the age of ten. "The most impressive thing about the would-be experimenters," Morgenstern further noted, "is how much they like their lab, how they respect its tools and resources." But the Coalition also favors abolition of the city-manager system. It advocates means by which the city might prosecute university professors and administrators engaging in (undefined) war and insurgency research and in research on Third World politics. It calls for purging school libraries of "role-based" books which might be uncongenial to Women's Lib. It advocates devolution of much of city authority basically to "neighborhood councils." It would forbid business firms from "running away to escape unionization, and would require them to insure adequate severance pay . . . to workers if the firm does leave." It would forbid private employment agencies in Berkeley. It advocates a city-sponsored plebiscite on the legalization of marijuana and psychedelic drugs; everyone over sixteen would vote in this. Much of this, especially the neighborhood control theme, comes from the thoughts of Tom Hayden, Berkeley's resident theoretician. Hayden, writing in Ramparts shortly before the April Coalition was formed, saw in the impending elections and the Panther-drafted police-control amendment the means of "destroying the occupier status of the police," who, after controls were imposed on them by neighborhood councils, would cease "attacking demonstrators," and instead commence "warning merchants that their criminal practices will make it impossible for their property to be protected." As Hayden put it, it was clear that such proposals, even if adopted by Berkeley voters, would likely conflict with state laws, and would be fought by the governor and in the courts. But even defeat of the police measure "will drive home once again the necessity for revolutionary organization."
The sudden appearance in town of the black militant D'Army Bailey, toughest of the new Council members, suggests the possibilities which inhere in a professional, manipulative political organization in a city with a huge franchised transient "campus community." Like his other two fellow radicals on the Council, Bailey—a young Yale Law School graduate who does not practice law—is a newcomer to the city. Virtually unknown in the East Bay area, he moved into the city ninety days before the election—the minimum period needed to satisfy the state's liberal residence laws for voting and for candidacy. He then obtained endorsement for his candidacy from a self-styled Black Caucus at a meeting attended by him, his running-mate Ira Simmons, and six others; he then received the endorsement of the April Coalition. Investing $26,000, nearly all of it apparently his and Simmons's own money, in a whirlwind campaign, he and Simmons narrowly squeezed through Berkeley's outmoded election system, which awards victory to the highest vote-getters on a candidate list which this time was as long as a Chinese-restaurant menu.1
While some of the national press, the New York Times especially, hailed the April Coalition victory as evidence that radicals could be brought inside the system, in Bailey's case and that of his two running-mates, Ira Simmons and Loni Hancock, the implications are not reassuring. Bailey's decision to move to Berkeley, for example, was based, he says, on no interest in the city per se, but rather on its possibilities as a base for organizing "progressive" forces, to create "power bases" on the Left dependent "on the unity of progressive forces." Convinced that the "system" cannot be made to work, he feels his own election to the Council will make it further possible to show that "it can't be made to work from within" either. Each Council action can give the radicals the chance to expose the system; the formula, then, similar to that of Hayden's with respect to the police-control initiative, is to come in with "well-researched proposals" which the Council (its non-radical members, that is) can then turn down. Viewing the bomb-throwing extremists as "crazy," Bailey says his strategy is like that of Western European Communists, who have learned to exploit constitutional and parliamentary arrangements in order to expose them. No advocate of "overnight revolution," Bailey sees white Americans as pre-1933 Germans; since they tolerate fascist-type actions, and repression, any physical confrontation with them now would only see the right-wing win. Shortly after his election, Bailey commenced to use his new office as a means to radicalize black youth in Berkeley, addressing a compulsorily-segregated assembly of black students during school hours at Martin Luther King Junior High School, after a march through the street to confront the school superintendent with new demands (an event, incidentally, which the school principal forbade non-black students to attend).
In his Future of American Politics Samuel Lubell back in the 1950's coined the term "the politics of revenge" to explain the motivations, if not the influence, of many right-wing isolationists in the 1930's and 1940's who, in vicious struggles against the Roosevelt administration and later the Truman administration, gave vigor to the anti-Establishment crusade of that time. Their voting strength he found among German or Irish-Americans who were maligned as traitors (or whose fathers were) during World War I. The sweetness of revenge lay, finally, in the damage they were able to wreak upon liberals in the McCarthy period. Something analogous can be seen here, in Berkeley, in microcosm, although its political base is to be found not on the Right but on the Left. There are in the city still many of the Old Left, and their children, who well remember the Red scares and purges of the 1940's and 1950's, the. loyalty oaths, and the fates meted out in various ways to the Rosenbergs, Sobell, Judith Coplon, and their California equivalents in the years between 1947 and 1955. For many of these, the renaissance of radical politics in the city, although now in others' hands, and however its outward manifestations may possibly offend their squarish tastes, must appear as a delayed delight.
During the 1950's and through the brief Kennedy period, the Old Left in Berkeley for the most part lay dormant, confining its cautious crusades to such niches and corners of various "liberal" institutions as cooperative nursery schools, the Consumers Coop (one of the largest and best in the nation), the Society of Friends and its Committee on Legislation, the East Bay American Civil Liberties Union, the FM listener-supported station KPFA, etc. In such organizations, as in microcosm, their power struggles seemed to some observers as significant as a revival movement in a leper colony. Their "issue politics" gave rise to various unexceptionable causes like pumping fluoride chemicals into reservoirs (a crusade now conveniently forgotten in the current ecology ambiance), but in those days it was the Right which had the credentials of opposition to pollution of natural resources.2
To say that this "issue-oriented" politics of the Old Left has had a new lease on life here would be to put it mildly. "Issue politics," which a friend of mine refers to as the phenomenon of the floating phony agenda, means that the same issues and their sponsors float from institution to institution, organization to organization, throughout the city; items on the agenda of the Associated Students of the University of California shift with surprising speed into any one of a number of regular or ad hoc organizations in the city; now, the floating agenda has come to the City Council. The 307 agenda items of the April Coalition, ranging from the requirement that all city pay phones have long cords in order to be used by wheel-chair invalids and "small people," to the proviso for sending a Berkeley city delegation to Southeast Asia to make peace, means that from now on the Council will become even more of a cockpit for struggles over ideologically-freighted matters than ever before. Many proposals, such as that for city bicycle paths, summer transient youth hostels, more parks, have wide appeal; but taken together, they could spell bankruptcy for a city Whose own resource-base hardly suffices for programs already in operation.
The Berkeley penchant for engraving global-agenda items on the pinhead of a small, yet literate university town could nowhere better be seen, over the last decade, than in the Consumers Co-op, which, now the largest in the nation, would be a prize for the New Left to capture wholly. In the Co-op, consumers come and go, talking of eggs and oleo. . . . But in Berkeley, a perils-of-Pauline struggle occurs constantly between Establishment moderates and an Old Left-New Left coalition obsessed with the possibility of capturing the Co-op's membership list. Consumer policy, once focused on decent prices and honest grading, now has broadened to include gastronomic strategies for perfecting the world and eliminating American evils.
The struggle wavers along a confused front in uncertain battle: Breakfasts for Panthers? Boycotts of grapes? Lettuce? South African rock lobster? Should stores close in order to protest distant Asian excesses of the Kennedy-Johnson-Nixon administrations? Should stores adopt policies of unilateral disarmament, forbidding police to engage robbers lest they suffer injury? (Two bloody, fatal shoot-outs have occurred after holdups in the Berkeley Telegraph Avenue store in two years.) Now, the theological issue of good versus evil, with its ambiguities, coils around the conflict of management realism cum economics, versus the New Left and puristic ecologists—or, to put the matter somewhat differently, between law-and-order people and those who would prefer burglaries to pollution. How best meet the problem of the skyrocketing incidence of thievery and shoplifting in the Co-op stores? Why. say the Realists, we will substitute plastic, transparent bags for brown ones, so that checkout clerks may better perceive loot concealed under a pile of potatoes, or other vegetables. No, say the Purists; for this would be coercive; human nature is good, while plastic bags, deemed non-biodegradable, are therefore bad. "It is true," writes Mrs. B. in a letter to the Co-op News, "that plastic bags are reusable, but the majority of plastic bags will be used just once and thrown away. It is just plain too hard to remember to bring plastic bags back each time. Even if the same bag is used once a week for a year and then disposed of, that bag still isn't biodegradable, therefore plastic bags obviously create pollution." In this literate subculture of Berkeley, for whose transient causes mighty Canadian forests fall to furnish paper pulp for handbills, pamphlets, posters, and bumper-strips, it would to an outsider seem odd that these shenanigans could go on, but they do. Shoplifters, unrepresented in the debate save by those who blame their bad habits on an evil social system, have been the only group not yet heard from.3
The chief objects of Berkeley's attacks from extremists of the New Left have been the city's police force, and its downtown business establishments. As the police chief recently remarked, "Few municipalities have endured as much civil unrest as ours." For the Bay Area as a whole, the 1960 San Francisco City Hall demonstrations against HUAC now are generally seen as the starting point for the plague of street politics which it has since enjoyed. For Berkeley, however, it was the CORE demonstrations of the early 1960's against downtown merchants which marked the local onset of political crimes on behalf of just causes. When these became during the later 1960's more frequent, larger, wilder, and often vicious, several dilemmas were posed for city law enforcement. Forceful measures to curb these might—as other cities now well know—paradoxically enlarge their fury, the size of the contingents engaged in them, and the possible ensuing damage. The Berkeley police, further, were not organized to cope with this new phenomenon in addition to their other duties. In 1960-70, the city spent well over $175,000 in unanticipated riot costs. "Urban guerrilla warfare," or simple "terrorist activity," appears to the police as a norm of civic life.
The strain on limited resources was further intensified by a striking increase in the general crime rate, and by the drug plague which accompanied, and intensified, it. The years 1967-68 were thus not only times of major stress—with "street-people" riots following each other in rapid sequence, and the city frequently embroiled with outside forces from the National Guard and the Alameda County Sheriff's forces and the State Highway Patrol. Vast damage was wrought on both the university and on local businesses, driving many small merchants out, and prompting the cancellation of insurance on many premises. With all this, the period saw the greatest leap in Part I (major) crimes—a soaring rate shared by Berkeley with other nearby cities which, with respect to political crimes, have not suffered Berkeley's anguish. The high Oakland crime rate next door still rose vigorously.
It was in this context, in 1968, that the Black Panthers' David Hilliard, the National Committee to Combat Fascism, and Old Left members of the National Lawyers Guild, first framed the Panther plan for control of police. Displayed as "community control," this plan—now repudiated by Berkeley voters—would have segregated the city into three main police enclaves, two based upon "racial" residential patterns, the third upon the campus area in which extremists, street people, communes, transient non-students, and many university students, now live (a district also including central-city offices and the downtown business district). Each of these would have had its own "neighborhood" police force, controlled by "neighborhood"-elected councils. City police facilities would have been disbanded. Since few of the mostly white force now choose to live in the city, and those who do have been subject to threats and consummated acts of terror, the control measure's requirement of obligatory residence of police in the district of their employment effectually would have wiped out much of the current force. One sector, the campus area, easily could have come under radical control; and in fact some optimistic radicals shortly before election were distributing application forms to friends for membership in this urban jacquerie. While supposedly designed to benefit blacks, this plan in the April election carried virtually no precincts of the city aside from the overwhelmingly white campus area itself. Berkeleyans elsewhere, regardless of race, repudiated a plan which would have formalized racial apartheid, in what has been California's most "integrating" city.
Alarmed by prospects of the plan's enactment, moderates and conservatives united to oppose it; but such was their long experience of opposition to each other that no common front was developed for a Council candidate slate to oppose the New Left's coalition ticket. Ironically, successful opposition to the control plan diverted moderate attention from the Council race itself; Left strategists abandoned the plan and left it to fend for itself on the ballot, focusing their resources instead on the candidates and winning all but one contested Council seat. A non-student political organizer from Los Angeles (posing as an authentic Boalt Hall law student in order to be elected—illegally—to the campus Student Senate and to mobilize the diversion of campus facilities to the campaign), managed a massive campus registration drive, which some estimate to have gained as many as 10,000 new young voters.
When Berkeley sneezes, adjacent cities run for inoculations; others reaffirm their hard-hat virtues and offer up prayers for protection against the pestilence. City elections in Oakland, for example, are calendared to follow Berkeley's by only several weeks; this spring they resulted in a rash of hard-line victories in that quite conservative town. When moderate Berkeley Councilmen recently were embarrassed by the refusal of their New Left colleagues to salute the flag in Council ceremonies, they agreed to abolish the salute. Now, the Council of the adjacent city of Albany each week salutes twice—once for itself, second, for its lapsed neighbor. But prayers are not offered up in Sacramento. The governor, who may well appreciate the political statewide uses of the Berkeley example, is quoted to the effect that while he will watch the new radicals' behavior with "unsatisfied curiosity," he has nevertheless no plans in mind to strike back. "I don't," he says, "live in Berkeley, and I have no intention of retiring there."
Rereading what I have written above, I notice signs of a personal habit of resort to irony in describing painful or unpleasant circumstances. In his Liberal Imagination, Lionel Trilling some years ago wrote, of the "conservative impulse," that it rarely expressed itself in ideas but only in action "or in irritable gestures which seek to resemble ideas." There is something to this even now, when applied to liberals. Many such in Berkeley who have experienced what I here sketchily recount, have proved unable to articulate clear and positive views concerning what to them is really so troublesome, especially when they are involved in what here passes for agonistic dialogue. Endless sophistic arguments arise even when the worst issue of local difficulties, violence, comes up. Metaphysical discussions ensue of whether causes or symptoms should be first treated. Reality can actually disappear in 1984-fashion. So, for instance, the Daily Californian, last May advocating mass seizure of the "People's Park" on the second anniversary of Berkeley's worst public disaster, editorialized: ". . . by pulling down the fence we are resisting violence, not encouraging it." But our worst difficulty is that the "Thinking Liberal" responds guiltily to confrontations in which his own values are lobbed back against him as weapons by those who choose to employ such values instrumentally. I was going to add, "for their own purposes of power," yet this certainly is not true in the many instances of sincere selflessness which themselves can often be as destructive as the instances when virtue is cynically abused.
What is occurring in Berkeley involves a caricaturing or over-magnification of virtuous causes with which many of us have long instinctively associated. It is as though the harpstrings of the liberal conscience were electronically hooked to a giant amplification system; and all plucked simultaneously. Some, as in the instance of Councilman Bailey, pluck with calculated, cool deliberation; yet many do it innocently.
A crisis of liberal civic culture arises when its best substantive virtues—equality, liberty, fraternity—become so enlarged and amplified as to shake its procedural framework. For, when all virtuous things must be done at once, when all are interpreted with childish literalness, all suffer, many fail, and cynical disillusionment then replaces enthusiasm. An almost forgotten phrase of advice, contained in one of America's several national anthems, comes to mind: "Confirm thy soul in self-control," wrote Katherine Lee Bates in "America the Beautiful." When such beauty is said not to exist, any prudent advice given in the name of love of country is rejected as hypocrisy. But, even from inside Bishop Berkeley's imperfect, embattled town, Mrs. Bates's motto has something to commend it. Perhaps a future City Council might elect to blazon it on the city's official seal, which already contains a small representation of our utopian Bishop's face.
1 Both of the two elected black radicals received about as few votes as the police referendum, which was solidly defeated by more than a two-to-one margin; but the inability of moderates to agree on a common slate badly divided their votes.
2 On further reflection, I find this not to be wholly true: in the 1950's, the Old Right opposed the pollution of water supplies, but was tolerant of it when it came to atmospheric nuclear tests; while the Old Left took the opposite view. So it was too on more life-and-death issues that the two poles inconsistently advocated opposite positions: the Old Right, favoring the death penalty for adults convicted of capital offenses yet opposing abortion; the Old Left, advocating abolition of the death penalty, nevertheless advocated its legalization on a voluntary basis for as-yet-unborn innocents. Thus, the reverence for human life in each instance was conditional and, an outsider might say, inconsistent. The eclipse of the Old Right, in Berkeley at least, has made it possible for New and Old Left scavengers to grab up some of the old right-wing heirloom issues in the unentailed estate—for example, hostility to the city-manager form of local government and to urban renewal. The Old Right viewed the former as an octopus named the Metro; it was socialistic. Now to the Berkeley New Left it is seen as "incompatible with responsive city government" and they want it abolished.
3 At the expense of more paper pulp, it is still worthwhile pointing out the ironic no-win standoff devised by conciliatory Realists to buy "peace in our time" on this particular issue: it is agreed now that plastic bags henceforth will be used in all Co-op stores except the new Natural Food Co-op; this store will get to keep the old brown bag as a symbol of the ecologists' commitment to nature. But this is ironic, say some, since much of the most valued potential shoploot consists of expensive plastic-packaged natural food items and vitamin tablets, which will be sold in the Natural Food store. Customers will be able to hide plastic-packaged items in brown opaque bags. This issue, therefore, is by no means dead.


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Turn your garden into the Federation of Plants with Kirk, Spock, Gorn and redshirt gnome statues.
Technically Incorrect: In an interview, the "Star Trek 3" writer and actor wishes he could lose his geek credentials.
Watch the co-host of the "Mythbusters" science show make a functional "Star Trek" chair worthy of Captain Kirk, with help from his friend Jeremy Williams.
Captain Kirk has met his most formidable opponent yet in this fan-made trailer for a fictional 1985 movie called "The Carbonite Maneuver." Kirk will find the Force is very strong with this villain.
An Israeli company has developed an instant-baking "Genie" that can grant your culinary wishes in under a minute.
CNET's Luke Westaway and Rich Trenholm ask which of the two greatest geek franchises deserves the top spot.


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Despite being brand spanking new, Meteor is getting some big-time buzz, and has even expressed a hope of becoming the "universal standard" for client-side web-app creation. It's been noted that Meteor's method of attack (running in both the browser and on the server, and relying on the cloud) is similar to that of certain applications at Twitter, Google, and Facebook – however, Meteor has scaled it down for the sake of simplicity and usability. The hope is that their platform will be as accessible for newbies as it is for experienced hackers.
An Impressive Investment
Meteor recently grabbed a veritable mountain of cash in its initial round of funding – a round which included some of Silicon Valley's top VC firms. The amount specified? . . . $11.2 million . . . boom! The round was led by none other than Andreessen Horowitz, a firm which recently made international headlines for its gargantuan investment in GitHub (an investment to the tune of $100 million). Hmm I wonder if GitHub is hiring…
But that's not all. Meteor has received financial backing from a line of investors that stretches all the way down the street and around the corner. The list includes Y Combinator, Matrix Ventures, Heroku founder James Lindenbaum, Facebook & Asana co-founder Dustin Moskovitz, Reddit founder Alexis Ohanian, Google's 23rd employee & Gmail creator Paul Buchheit, Rod Johnson, Ron Conway, David Skok, Maynard Webb, and Yuri Milner. The list reads like a "who's who" of the top tech-insiders, and reminds me of a pro-sports pre-game roll-call.
The enthusiasm centered on Meteor may be further stoked by the impressive resumes of its creators, who are anything but greenhorns. The company was founded by Matt DeBergalis, Nick Martin, and Geoff Schmidt – all of whom are experienced entrepreneurs. DeBergalis previously co-founded ActBlue, and both Martin and Schmidt were co-founders of MixApp.
The Selling-Points
Some of Meteor's selling-points include "hot code pushes," whereby developers can update their apps while other users are still connected; "latency compensation," whereby the reliance on pesky servers is bypassed; "pure JavaScript," meaning that developers can use JavaScript to write the entirety of their app; "live page updates," whereby templates automatically update (which gets rid of some of the more monotonous aspects of app creation) . . . and more.
Meteor is licensed under the MIT license, and can be used freely to build both open-source and closed-source apps; and the company encourages developers to integrate the framework into their own projects however they see fit. Meteor is still undergoing rapid development, and its team is currently working toward the release of Meteor 1.0.
Q&A with Co-Founder Matt DeBergalis
I had the opportunity to conduct an email Q&A with Matt DeBergalis today (5/20/2013), in which he had the following interesting tidbits to share:
"This month, the engineering team at CATS released ApplyBin
(www.applybin), a lightweight resume database written in Meteor that
integrates. CATS is an established commercial-grade applicant tracking
system. Another great example comes from Greenqloud
(www.greenqloud.com), a green cloud computing service based in Iceland,
[which has] built their cloud management interface in Meteor . . . and Riparian Data is
developing Gander (www.gander.io), a new way of reading email that uses
Meteor to show a synchronized real-time interface on both the desktop
browser and in mobile devices. Just a couple weeks ago, two leaders in the community released "Discover Meteor" (http://discovermeteor.com), a wonderfully-written new
book on learning Meteor. It's gotten a lot of positive attention, all
You may remember the recent meteors that crashed through the atmosphere in Russia and beyond. DeBergalis had this to say on the topic:
"Two major Meteor releases came on the same day as a significant meteor
impact on Earth! On October 17th, 2012, we announced Meteor 0.5.0.
This was the first release of our new accounts and authentication
system. That same day, a meteor landed just outside San Francisco.
In February, we released Meteor 0.5.6 on the same day the
Chelyabinsk meteor (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelyabinsk_meteor)
landed in Russia."
Nice timing, guys! J
If you're a fan of JavaScript-centric app-development, you might want to check out Meteor. Their products and services can be accessed at www.meteor.com.


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After the really good response I've got from the community regarding the Byty Child Theme and the CatDrop Child Theme over at cozmoslabs.com I wanted to develop more Child Themes and release them for free.
With a touch of purple and green, this simple theme would look lovely on any personal blog. I've removed the top menu so if you need it you'll have to add the "Pages" Widget to the left side of the theme.
I would appreciate your feedback and if you find bugs please add a comment so I can fix them!
I hope you enjoy using this theme as much as I enjoyed developing it!


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A process is described in which methane is reacted with acetylene in the presence of a solid acid catalyst containing fluoride to produce isobutene in high yields. The process may take place at room temperature or lower and atmospheric pressure. The conversion of acetylene typically approaches 100% and the methane conversion has been found to surpass stoichiometric requirements.
1. A gas-phase process for producing isobutene which comprises contacting methane with acetylene in the presence of a solid superacid catalyst at a temperature below 50� C.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the catalyst is a solid superacid halide of metals of groups IV, V or VI of the Periodic Table, supported on a carrier.
3. A process according to claim 2 wherein the halide is a fluoride.
4. A process according to claim 3 wherein the catalyst is a binary metal fluoride catalyst.
5. A process according to claim 4 wherein the catalyst is selected from tantalum pentafluoride, antimony pentafluoride and niobium pentafluoride.
6. A process according to claim 5 wherein the carrier is selected from anhydrous aluminum trifluoride, fluoridated alumina, graphite, fluoridated graphite and aluminosilicates.
7. A process according to claim 1 wherein the methane and acetylene are contacted at a pressure of about 1 to 25 atmospheres and a methane:acetylene ratio of 1-10:1.
This invention relates to the direct conversion of methane and acetylene into isobutene.
Isobutene is typically recovered as a product from refinery light-end operations by conventional methods. The isobutene is used primarily as a reactant together with formaldehyde to synthesize isoprene. Isobutene may also be reacted with methanol to produce methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Other possible uses for isobutene include hydration to gasoline grade tertiary butyl alcohol, alkylation with C4 olefins to make alkylation gasoline, polymerization to diesel fuel, jet fuel and polymer gasoline and as an RBP blending component.
Demands for isobutene are expected to increase dramatically and this has necessitated exploring new synthesis routes for the alkene. However, new sources of isobutene have been limited to dehydrogenation of isobutane from field butanes.
The reaction of methane with acetylene under mild conditions in the presence of Fe(acetylacetonate)3 -Et3 Al catalyst has been reported to lead to the formation of propylene with complete suppression of the self-polymerization of acetylene (Grigoryan, E.A. et al. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 257, 364, 1981). The formation of propylene is believed to occur via insertion of acetylene at a Fe-CH3 bond and subsequent elimination of a metal hydride complex of Fe.
The reaction between methane and acetylene to C4 hydrocarbons is thermodynamically favorable over a range of temperatures as shown by the free energy calculations in the following table:
______________________________________Free energy for some possible reactions ΔG (kcal/mol)Reaction 300 K 400 K 500 K______________________________________1. 2CH4 + C2 H2 → -9 -5 -2 C4 H8 + H22. 2CH4 + C2 H2 → -30 -24 -17 C4 H103. 2C2 H2 + 3H2 → -104 -92 -80 C4 H104. 4CH4 →C4 H10 + 3H2 44 45 46______________________________________ ΔGrxn = ΔGpro - ΔGrea
Alkylations such as that of isobutane with isobutene or any other C4 olefin to produce C8 alkylate are well known in the petrochemical industry. These alkylations are acid catalyzed and the catalysts employed are HF and H2 SO4. Until recently, the alkylation of the lower alkanes with alkenes has been studied in liquid acid media and liquid phase reaction conditions were considered to substantially limit practical application of the reaction. In addition, the products were a mixture of oily oligomers whose molecular weight ranged from 100 to 700.
The alkylation of methane and olefins (alkynes) has received special attention since it was reported in Olah, U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,893, issued Aug. 14, 1984, that alkylation between methane and ethylene could be conducted over a solid superacid catalyst.
It is the object of the present invention to find a simple method for producing isobutene starting from methane or natural gas as a reactant.
According to the present invention, a practical way has been found to directly convert methane and acetylene into isobutene by reacting a gaseous feed comprising methane or natural gas and acetylene in the presence of a solid or supported superacid catalyst.
The methane is readily available from natural gas, which typically contains from about 40 to about 95 volume % methane. Acetylene may be derived by the pyrrolysis of natural gas and coal or the reaction of calcium carbide with water.
Catalysts of the general type described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,893 are suitable for use in the process of this invention and these are typically solid superacid halides of metals of groups IV, V or VI of the Periodic Table, supported on carrier. They are preferably in the form of fluorides with binary metal fluoride catalysts being particularly useful, e.g. those of antimony, niobium and tantalum. Among specific preferred catalysts, there may be mentioned tantalum pentafluoride, antimony pentafluoride and niobium pentafluoride. Typical carriers for the binary catalyst may include anhydrous aluminum trifluoride, fluoridated alumina, graphite, fluoridated graphite and non-exchange supports, e.g. aluminosilicates.
The process may be carried out at low temperatures of even below 0� C. and generally below 150� C., with a range of about 20�-50� C. being highly satisfactory. Low pressures in the range of 1 to 25 atmospheres may also be used with a range of 5 to 10 atmospheres being preferred. The feedstock preferably comprises a mixture of methane and acetylene in mol. ratios of 1-10:1 of methane to acetylene. These reactions generally produce isobutene with a high selectivity in the order of 95 mol. %, the remaining 5 mol. % typically comprising n-butane, 1-butene, ethane and propane. At the end of the cycle, the catalyst may be easily regenerated.
Although the process described herein uses a fixed catalyst bed, other well known techniques may be used, e.g. a fluidized bed, for contacting the gaseous feed with the catalysts.
Illustrative of the invention are the following examples, set forth for the purpose of illustration only and not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner. In the related tables where product tables are given, they have been normalized, even if not stated, to provide a total of 100% conversion, excluding unreacted methane and acetylene which can be recycled.
A methane:acetylene feed (about 95:5 mol. ratio) containing nitrogen for analytical purposes was reacted over a series of different binary fluoride catalysts (50 wt % mixture) in a fixed bed continuous flow reactor at a temperature of 25� C., a pressure of 10 atm and a GHSV of 150.
The binary catalysts consisted of 50 wt % of TaF5, NbF5 or SbF5 as catalyst and 50 wt % of AlF3 or CF0.6 as support.
To prepare a SbF5 -AlF3 catalyst, 5 grams of SbF5 was dissolved in 125 ml of anhydrous HF in a flask fitted with a stirrer and an exhaust. With the flask at a temperature of about 0� C., 5 grams of AlF3 was added to the solution in the flask and stirred for 1 hour. Thereafter, the temperature of the flask was raised to evaporate any excess HF to dryness, after which the mixture was held at 100� C. for 6 hours. The above procedure was repeated with 5 grams of each of TaF5 and NbF5.
To prepare a TaF5 --CF0.6 catalyst, 5 grams of fluorinated graphite was dried for 12 hours at 100� C. Then it was transferred into a 500 ml reaction flask fitted with a condenser, stirrer and a nitrogen gas inlet. 5 Grams of TaF5 dissolved in 125 ml of 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane was added to the above flask with stirring and the temperature in the flask was maintained at about 45� C. Refluxing was continued for 6 hours, after which the solvent was evacuated and the mixture was heated with occassional stirring at 100� C. for 12 hours. The above procedure was repeated with 5 grams of NbF5.
To prepare a SbF5 based catalyst, 5 grams of fluorinated graphite together with 5 grams of SbF5 was thoroughly mixed in an atmosphere of N2 at 70� C. for 6 hours.
The conversion and selectivity data are given in Table 1 below:
TABLE I______________________________________Conversion and selectivity data over the screen catalysts Selectivity, wt % Conversion, mol % C4 H10Catalyst CH4 C2 H2 C2 H6 C3 H8 iso n i-C4 H8______________________________________TaF5 --AlF3 9.9 100 6.1 1.0 3.3 0.2 89.4NbF5 --AlF3 16.0 100 2.0 0.6 2.6 0.2 94.6SbF5 --AlF3 21.6 82 12.5 2.5 2.4 6.2 76.8TaF5 --CF0.6 9.5 100 5.5 0.5 3.5 5.9 84.6NbF5 --CF0.6 10.9 100 5.3 2.4 4.1 7.0 81.2SbF5 --CF0.6 9.0 100 4.4 0.5 5.1 4.4 85.6______________________________________ Run time and analysis time = 30 min.
The variation in the conversion and selectivity with time on stream was investigated over a NbF5 --AlF3 catalyst prepared as in Example I for a feed gas of the same composition as in Example 1. The results are summarized in Table II below:
TABLE II______________________________________Variation in conversion and selectivity with time on streamTime on Selectivity, wt %stream Conversion, mol % C4 H10[h] CH4 C2 H2 C2 H6 C3 H8 iso n i-C4 H8______________________________________initial 23.1 100 5.1 1.2 15.6 0.4 78.11 29.2 100 3.6 0.4 2.5 -- 93.52 27.4 100 3.9 0.1 1.1 -- 94.93 22.9 92.2 3.8 0.1 1.1 -- 95.04 23.3 95.5 2.8 0.2 0.5 -- 96.55 12.2 70 2.6 0.8 0.2 -- 96.4______________________________________ -- not detected
An acetylene-nitrogen feed gas mixture was contacted with five different catalysts in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor to determine the extent of the self-oligomerization under conditions similar to those used in Example 1. The catalysts were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. A summary of the self-oligomerization reaction on these catalysts is given in Table II below:
TABLE III______________________________________Conversion and selectivity date over the catatlytswith acetylene in nitrogen feed Conversion, Selectivity, wt% mol % C4 H10Catalyst C2 H2 CH4 C2 H6 C3 H8 iso n i-C4 H8______________________________________TaF5 --AlF3 100 0.1 0.9 -- -- 99.0 --NbF5 --AlF3 100 0.4 0.6 2.7 12.1 82.6 1.6TaF5 --CF0.6 100 2.2 -- 0.5 1.5 95.8 --NbF5 --CF0.6 100 0.9 0.1 1.1 9.1 9.1 --SbF5 --CF0.6 100 -- 12.9 -- 3.1 3.1 --______________________________________
The self-oligomerization of acetylene leads to severe deactivation within a short period of time and as shown in the table produces a different product (n-butane) from that of the reaction of the present invention.
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This Tragic Highway Accident Proves That Angels Do Exist… and God Does Answer Prayers!!FaithHub
When multiple cars collided on highway 6, bystanders didn't know what to do but wait for paramedics to arrive. One of the cars was on fire and several victims were trapped, time was of the essence. Some folks tried to help free the people trapped inside and several other bystanders waited and prayed. God was listening to those prayers because several witnesses say they saw ANGELS at the scene. All involved know just how miraculous that day was and they'll never forget how God came through for them. Wow!


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Rumours that Apple is planning a new version of its iPhone before the 'normal' upgrade cycle appear to be true - although it will only signify the end of the exclusivity deal in the US.
Like in the UK when O2 lost its exclusivity dealaccording to the WSJ.
However, Apple will need to modify the wireless tech used inside the phone, as Verizon uses different network technology to its rivals AT&T.
Like the UK, AT&T runs the iPhone on GSM networks, whereas Verizon uses CDMA technology instead.
New iPhone coming already!
But it seems that in Q1 2011 Apple will be releasing a new version of the iPhone using a CDMA chip, meaning it will have access to a wealth of new customers as it seeks to take on the growing dominance of Android.
And you can bet that the antennas in the new Verizon phones won't have problems in the hand anymore either...
Sadly it's not the iPhone 5 just yet - we doubt Apple would break its upgrade cycle to release the fifth generation of its phones.
But check out our iPhone 5 rumours round up to find out the whispers on the net already for Apple's next fancy phone.


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Here is another slow cooker recipe that you'll enjoy making. Not only is it light on the budget, giving you more bang for your buck, it tastes great, too! Your family will think you've been in the kitchen all day making this chicken dish which is complex with layers of flavor. The secret is yours, however!
With just a tiny bit of help from your microwave oven (or stove top), place everything into your slow cooker and return four hours later to find dinner ready to serve! Add some rice or couscous and a salad for a complete and balanced meal!
What's not to love about making these types of meals? One pot wonders is what they really are! Whomever coined that phrase deserves the gold metal!
|Curry Chicken Breasts
Recipe Type: Chicken, Entree
Prep time: 10 mins
Cook time: 5 hours
Total time: 5 hours 10 mins
Serves: 6
A well balanced meal cooked in one p ot. What's not to love about a meal like that?! Budget friendly and great taste. . . something you AND your family will love. Enjoy!
- 2 onions, minced
- 6-8 cloves of garlic, minced
- 2 tablespoons minced or grated fresh ginger
- 4 teaspoons curry powder
- 1 tablespoon vegetable oil
- 1 tablespoons tomato paste
- 1 cup low-sodium chicken broth
- 3 tablespoons Minute tapioca, ground
- 6 bone-in, split chicken breasts (2 ounces each, 12 ounces total), skin removed, cleaned and trimmed.
- Salt and pepper to taste
- 1/2 cup raisins
- 1/2 cup plain, whole milk yogurt
- 2 tablespoons fresh cilantro, minced
- 1/2 cup sliced/slivered almonds, toasted
- Microwave the onions, garlic, ginger, curry powder, oil and tomato paste in a bowl, stirring occasionally, until the onions are softened, about 5 minutes.
- Transfer to a 6 to 7 quart slow cooker.
- Stir the broth and tapioca into the slow cooker.
- Season the chicken with salt and pepper and nestle them into the slow cooker.
- Cover and cook on low until chicken is tender, 4 to 6 hours.
- Gently stir in the raisins and let set until heated through, about 10 minutes.
- Transfer the chicken to a serving platter and tent loosely with foil.
- Let liquid settle for five minutes, then remove the fat from the surface using a large spoon.
- In a bowl, combine 1/2 cup of the hot chicken cooking liquid with the yogurt (to temper). Stir the mixture back into the slow cooker.
- Stir in the cilantro and season with salt and pepper to taste.
- Spoon 1 cup sauce over the chicken. Sprinkle with the almonds and serve with remaining sauce.
- Serve with hot cooked rice, or couscous, if desired.
Google Recipe View Microformatting by Easy Recipe


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Variants of IAI's Harpy and EMIT's Sparrow to contest British Army requirement
Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) is developing a new variant of its Harpy anti-radiation unmanned air vehicle to meet a British Army requirement for a loitering munition concept demonstration (LMCD). A similar new- generation design based on EMIT's Sparrow air vehicle is also being offered by Israel's Rafael Armament Development Authority for the tender, which was released last July and will close this month.
Promoted by MBDA as the White Hawk, the proposed Harpy variant is believed to have a new airframe with a reduced-sweep delta wing, and to employ an electro-optical sensor in place of the current vehicle's passive radar seeker. Also supported by Cranfield University, Insys and Qinetiq, the vehicle has a cylindrical fuselage extending aft of the wing, rather than forward from the centre of the leading edge, as with the Harpy. Images displayed at last week's DSEi exhibition in London also show a bulbous forward fuselage, suggesting a forward-facing sensor and potentially an enlarged high-explosive warhead.
The configuration retains the Harpy's four pop-out airbrakes which are employed to put the weapon into a terminal dive, although the new variant will be able to retract these and escape the stall after starting its terminal manoeuvre. "Prototype munitions are available, making this a mature solution which will allow the Ministry of Defence to conduct its evaluation with proven and representative hardware," says MBDA.
Rafael's Blade derivative of the Sparrow UAV retains most of the existing airframe, with minor modifications made to allow carriage of a high-explosive warhead. EMIT and Rafael are part of an Ultra Electronics-led team that also includes BAE Systems, Lockheed Martin Stasys, Praxis and Raytheon.
Thales UK and Rheinmetall are offering a Tactical Advanced Reconnaissance Strike System derivative of the German company's Taifun anti-armour UAV for the LMCD. Development work started last year, with the vehicle intended to carry high-explosive and electromagnetic pulse warheads.
The MoD plans to downselect for the project late this year, and to place a contract for a 24-month demonstration phase in early 2006. The selected weapon should be canister-stored and launched on demand, with control to alternate between fully autonomous and remotely-operated flight phases via a datalink.
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I sat down on the bench outside the theater door and tried very hard not to think of the irony. But it was ironic, all things considered, that, in the end, I would wind up as a zombie. I hadn't seen that one coming.
Bella Swan, New Moon, Chapter 4, p.106


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McLure Education Library
Location: The McLure Education Library, a department of the University of Alabama Libraries, exists to serve the faculty and students of the College of Education and the Graduate School of Education.
Collection: Its collection includes approximately 130,500 books, 300,000 microfiche and 13,500 bound periodicals. The library also subscribes to 450 periodical or magazine titles. Another dimension of the collection is seen in the School Library (preschool to young adult) and the Curriculum Materials Center (curriculum guides, textbooks, games, filmstrips, etc.). Subjects emphasized in the collections include: educational leadership, athletic training, health studies, counselor education, educational/school psychology, educational research, education computer technology, educational foundations, elementary and early childhood education, secondary education, fine arts education, human performance, and special education.
Map: McLure Library Location on Campus Map
Floor Plans: McLure Library Floor Plans
Library Hours: University Libraries Hours
Other Information: The library is housed in a three-level building of 23,337 square feet, including the Curriculum Materials Center and School Library Collection on the lower level. A five-level book stack is entered from the main level. Available are four copiers, a microfiche reader-printer and a microfiche/microfilm reader-printer.
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Ticonderoga David Gallo has been to great depths, literally and figuratively.
Gallo was a poor student who struggled with Attention Deficit Disorder. Today he's a world-renown oceanographer who has explored the Titanic.
He shared his experiences with Ticonderoga Middle School students recently through a video conference.
"I could show you my report cards," Gallo said. "I was not a very good student. I really struggled with ADD. I just wanted to crawl into a ball and hoped no one would bother me. I realize now that's the worst thing you can do."
Gallo eventually found his way to Schenectady Community College, where he learned two important lessons.
"I learned I had to work harder than everyone else," he said. "I took a lot of notes and I would study three hours for every 40 minutes in class. I realized that's what I had to do to get from here to there. I don't care where you go to college. College is what you make of it.
"I also learned it's OK to ask for help," he said. "There are amazing people all around us who want to help. Just ask them."
Gallo went on to earn his doctorate degree and now works at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, the world's largest private, non-profit oceanographic research institution. It's a global leader in the study and exploration of the ocean.
The world's oceans are amazing, Gallo told students.
"Today we've only explored about 3 percent of what's out there in the ocean," he said. "Already we've found the world's highest mountains, the world's deepest valleys, underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls. There's still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises."
Gallo has participated in expeditions to all of the world's oceans and was one of the first scientists to use a combination of robots and submarines to explore the deep sea floor. He co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck. He co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreckage of Air France Flight 447 that crashed in the Atlantic Ocean in 2009.
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Affordable dolls for a baby
Baby dolls can be great birthday or baby shower presents. You can pick an affordable baby doll for your baby as well. Dolls can entertain babies and educate kids. You can instill compassion and various other values in your kids with some real like baby dolls. Anatomically correct dolls can teach your child about the difference between boys and girls. You can help them learn appropriate names of various body parts. Here are some cheap baby dolls you can go for.
New born baby doll from Little Dreams
Perfect for any baby or kid, this is a cute new-born baby doll having an adorable face. This is a huggable doll which comforts babies while they are sleeping at night or taking a nap in the day. You can prepare your kids for a new-born baby with the help of this doll.
Baby Bella baby doll
This 12 inch doll from Dream Collection comes with a magnetic pacifier and a magic bottle. It has a soft filled body. It has a cute face with sleeping eyes. You can pick this doll if you want to train your kids for a new-born baby. It can help you have a lot of fun with your kids. You can play with them and teach them about how to care for a baby.
Hasbro Baby Alive doll
Perfect for little mommies, this doll makes cute sounds and realistic moments. It comes with a dress, a bib, a bowl, a spoon, a bottle, 2 diapers and 2 doll food packets. You can encourage your kids to prepare snacks for this doll. You can also let them change its diapers. This way, you can have a great time playing with your little girl. Your little girls can put this doll down for a nap just like you put your kids to sleep. All these activities amuse your kids and help them learn a lot of things about family bonds.
Baby Alive crib life friendship dolls by FireflyBuys
Appropriate for kids who are 5 years old or above, these crib life dolls come with cute outfits, charms, online codes and mini books. They like playing music and napping. Their charms have unique codes which give you access to Crib Life characters in their online world. These dolls have colorful one piece ribbons in their hair.


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We're pretty sure there isn't an outlet on the planet who awarded Two Worlds 2 with the honor of game of the year -- we know, we checked. Online. We're only a little over halfway through this year, but it's not stopping Topware Interactive from re-issuing a swanky bundle, replete with upcoming DLC, Pirates of the Flying Fortress. On top of the DLC, there's a map, a collectible pin, a bonus disc with wallpapers, art, soundtrack and two PvP maps and the titular velvet case -- available in red on consoles, black on PC and Mac.
Hit the jump for the full press release. The velvet edition will launch on October 18 for PC, Mac, PS3 and Xbox 360.
Including the expansion; Pirates of the Flying Fortress, which also releases this October, Two Worlds II: GOTY hits shelves with a grandiose entrance!
Las Vegas, Nevada – July 15th, 2011 – TopWare Interactive is releasing the Two Worlds II: Velvet GOTY Edition this October 18th and they are doing so with glamorous class! The TWII: Velvet GOTY Edition not only comes bundled with the sought after expansion Pirates of the Flying Fortress, but is also uniquely designed in a limited collector's box which is wrapped in black velvet (PC/Mac) or red velvet (console versions) and highlighted with metal corners made to look like antique brass. Moreover, there is a bold relief TWII logo of the same real metal at the top of the box.
Along with the multi-lingual version of TWII, this collector's item also comes with all of the up-to- date upgrades.
Additional extras include a huge double-sided world map and a valuable pirate head pin collectable, which subsequently is also available in-game! This exclusive item actually boosts the player's parameters if hefted to armor! Together with another bonus disc containing artwork, wallpaper, videos, an extended soundtrack and two additional PvP multiplayer maps. More Antaloor simply isn't possible!
This limited collector's edition will be available for PC, Mac, XBOX 360 and PS3!
About TopWare Interactive
TopWare Interactive, headquartered in Karlsruhe, Germany, is an international interactive entertainment software company. Founded in 1991, the company develops, publishes, and distributes interactive software on most current gen gaming platforms including PC, XBOX 360®, Playstation® 3, and Wii™. A privately held company, TopWare is the first German based company appointed as a licensed worldwide publisher for both Microsoft and Sony for their respective platforms, and has additional offices in Las Vegas, Nevada and Petaluma, California.
For additional information, please visit TopWare's website: www.topware.com
Microsoft, Xbox, Xbox 360, Xbox LIVE, and the Xbox logos are trademarks of the Microsoft group of companies and are used under license from Microsoft. "PlayStation" is a registered trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Nintendo DS, Nintendo DSi and Wii are trademarks of Nintendo. Other trademarks are the sole property of their respective owners
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- Game format Optical disc, Downloadable
- Online features Multiplayer, Voice chat, Video chat, Store, Browser
- Drive capacity 250 GB
- Controller type Wired, Wireless
- Motion controls Accelerometer, Gyroscopic
- Video outputs HDMI (v1.3), RCA / composite
- Released 2012-09-25
Microsoft Xbox One


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Applying for Student Loans
After you have filed a FAFSA on the web, the Student Finance Office receives your information and then sends you an offer of financial aid (award letter). This "award letter" identifies the various types of student financial aid you may be eligible for, such as the Federal Pell Grant, SEOG, New York State TAP, Federal Stafford Loans, Federal Perkins Loans, and the Federal Work-Study Program; it will also identify any Hilbert grants and scholarships awarded to you from Hilbert College's institutional funds.
When applying for student loans, always keep the following in mind:
1. Federal Direct Stafford Loans are your first and BEST option. (a description/link- Stafford loans)
2. Federal Direct Parent Plus Loans are your SECOND BEST option. (a description/link-PLUS loans)
Parents are encouraged to apply for a Plus Loan even if they fear a denial of this loan; dependent students are entitled to an additional Federal Unsubsidized Stafford loan if their parent is denied a Federal Parent Plus loan. As a result, there are some situations where parents should apply for a plus loan, even if they know they will denied. The Plus denial notice sent to the financial aid office WILL AUTOMATICALLY trigger the financial aid office to offer a son or daughter additional unsubsidized stafford loans should they need it.
3. Private loans are considered a "LAST RESORT" option; students and parents are encouraged to consider private loans through a variety of lenders and guarantor agencies. Private loans should be ALWAYS BE used prior to credit cards, or high interest, short term consumer/personal loans. Private loans are not listed on your Hilbert College Award Letter. If you want to apply for a private loan, this link will show you the variety of rates, benefits and links to a variety of private loans. There are many times when families will use a private loan to make up the balance between the aid offered, their projected family contribution and the actual bill. Parents and students are always free to choose the lender of their choice.
Do you have a question about student loans?
Upcoming Events
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 14, 2015
- Summer Session A2 Ends
- Aug 21, 2015
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 28, 2015


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His Healing TouchAuthor:
Buckley, Michael
Pub Date: 1997
Publisher: Zondervan
Summary: His Healing Touch provides an essential introduction to what is understood by healing in the Gospels. The stories of Christ's healing work brings a message for all those suffering in mind, body or spirit, and to those with broken relationships.
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In an industry of inherited business, Shamokin woman is opening new funeral home
ZERBE TOWNSHIP - Jessica Venesky is a rarity in her field.
In addition to being one of the youngest funeral directors in the area, she's also part of the minority who have opened, rather than inherited, their business.
For Venesky, opening Venesky Cremation Services was a necessity if she wanted to pursue her dream of operating a business in her area of expertise.
"Nobody wants to sell their funeral home," she said. "It's really, really hard if you're not family owned to get in the service."
Venesky would know; she's on friendly terms with most funeral directors in the area because she operated as a contract worker for five years, working on call for 10 different funeral homes.
She's starting her own - with the cremation work itself done elsewhere - in an usual location as well: in a former beauty parlor between a laundromat and a shuttered pizza shop in a small strip mall just east of Trevorton. The address is 141 Trevorton Road.
Since she's the new kid on the block in an industry of long-standing names, Venesky is inviting people to an open house from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. today. She will provide coffee and answer questions about cremation services.
Inspired by kindness
Venesky, a Mount Carmel Area graduate now living in Shamokin, decided to go into this unusual field after completing service in the U.S. Navy.
"We fired 38 Tomahawk missiles into Baghdad," she said of her involvement in Operation Iraqi Freedom aboard the USS Higgins DDG-76.
Around the time she exited the service, her mother passed away. Venesky was inspired by the kindness bestowed upon her family at her mother's funeral by Charles Heizenroth III of Kull-Heizenroth Funeral Home, Ashland.
"I thought if I could do that for somebody, that's amazing," said Venesky.
She used her GI Bill to return to school for her degree in mortuary science, and earned her associate's degree - the highest available in her field - from Northampton Community College. She completed her internship and became fully licensed.
For the next five years, she did contract work at funeral homes, traveling to any central Pennsylvania town that needed an extra set of hands. She estimates she ran hundreds of services during this time.
Gloria Dutcavich, of Dutcavich Funeral Home in Minersville, said Venesky served with her family's business for her apprenticeship when she graduated from mortuary school and continued doing contract work for several years. She supported Venesky's decision to open her business.
"I'd say she's dependable and knowledgeable with what she's doing, a good worker," said Dutcavich.
Too much driving
Eventually, the driving from town to town took a toll on Venesky, so she looked to open her own shop. She chose the former beauty parlor location because it fits her needs.
The lessons Venesky learned while assisting at existing homes helped her in shaping her business. She decided to specialize in cremation after noticing a trend of people more frequently selecting this service.
The percentage of deaths resulting in cremation has risen from 3.56 percent in 1960 to 43.2 percent in 2012, according to the National Funeral Directors Association's website.
She also thought specializing in cremation would allow her to rein in skyrocketing funeral costs.
As a result, she can operate in a smaller space, with just enough room to hold a memorial service and a 10-by-10-foot room to do basic body preparation.
Because the equipment to cremate bodies begins at around $350,000, Venesky is opting to use local, existing crematories to complete that portion of the service. Her business will instead focus on the people aspect - offering a selection of urns that appeal to everyone and keeping a comfortable, inviting space for mourners.
"I want people to be as relaxed and as comfortable as you can be in that situation," said Venesky.Larry Deklinski/Staff Photo
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Freedom Partners, headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, 501(c)(6) chamber of commerce that promotes the benefits of free markets and a free society
Freedom Partners was first established as the Association for American Innovation in November 2011, and was later renamed to better reflect the organization's mission. We have over 200 members and work with businesses, both large and small, to promote and preserve the foundations of a free society.
Freedom Partners' principal goal is to educate the public about the critical role played by free markets in achieving economic prosperity, societal well-being, and personal happiness. We seek to build support for a fiscally responsible government, and policies that support entrepreneurship, spur job creation, and increase opportunities for all. We focus primarily on four issue areas: health care reform, federal spending, energy policy, and cronyism.
Freedom Partners believes that the bedrock of the American republic is the ingenuity of its entrepreneurs and innovators. The free market is the lifeblood of innovation and a conduit for the infinite potential of human aspiration. We face a critical juncture in American history, as an increasingly cumbersome government bureaucracy erodes the freedoms that support a prosperous society. Only by getting the government out of the way will individuals be able to build a free and strong society.
We cannot do this alone. Partnerships are crucial. Therefore, Freedom Partners awards grants to organizations to conduct nonpartisan issue advocacy and bring these important societal and economic issues to the public's attention. These relationships give Freedom Partners an opportunity to reach across the country to build coalitions that advance our mission.