text:
Providing heart and vascular care that's first in East Texas
Our commitment to heart care began more than 20 years ago with a mission to provide the people of East Texas with the most advanced cardiovascular services, close to home.
This mission has guided everything from the number of steps between our cath lab, surgical suites and cardiac ICU at the ETMC Cardiovascular Institute, to the number of emergency ambulances and helicopters in our system, to the number of minutes it takes to open the blocked artery of an East Texan – whether that process begins in Cedar Creek Lake, Carthage, Pittsburg or Trinity.
Leading the way in heart care programs
- Increasing safety and efficiency at the region's first true heart hospital, built in 1993 with design input from cardiovascular specialists
- Caring for more cardiac bypass, vascular surgery, heart attack, stroke and aortic aneurysm patients than anyone else in East Texas
- Providing a comprehensive heart and vascular program staffed by physicians who are all fellowship-trained and board-certified
- Investing in specialized training for all cardiovascular medical professionals
- Focusing on prevention with the goal of stopping heart disease before it starts
- Detecting heart and vascular disease at the earliest possible stage with affordable programs like MyHeart First and calcium scoring
- Exceeding national standards for door-to-treatment time during heart attack
- Offering access to advanced therapies and devices through a nationally recognized cardiovascular research program
- Operating one of the nation's largest rural emergency medical systems with advanced cardiac monitoring in all units
- Delivering the highest level of emergency care at the only Level I trauma center in East Texas
- Rebuilding lives through the region's largest cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program
"Cardiology here is a very broad and sophisticated program. We have so many different ways to treat patients such a variety of expertise that we're able to tailor the right therapy to the right patient at the right time for the most effective treatment."
– Cardiologist Stephen Sigal, MD, FACC, FAHA
Taking awards and accreditations to heart
- Top-rated heart surgery program – recipients of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons highest rating for cardiac bypass surgery
- Accredited chest pain center – certified by the Society of Chest Pain Centers, an international organization dedicated to eliminating heart disease
- Among the state's first certified vascular labs – awarded by the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission for vascular testing• Accredited emergency medical service – given gold standard status by the Commission on Accreditation of Ambulance Services• Accredited Air 1 emergency medical service – commended for quality of patient care and safety of transport by the Commission on Accreditation of Medical Transport Systems
Making a lifesaving difference with research and technology
- Leading in stent research and innovation – using devices like the bioabsorbable vascular scaffold to open blocked arteries
- Implementing AngelMed – a heart-monitoring device that warns patients of potential coronary artery blockages
- Advancing electrophysiology care – first in East Texas to use ablation therapy to treat cardiac arrhythmias
- Pioneering cryoballoon therapy – a revolutionary treatment for atrial fibrillation, available in the region only at ETMC
- Providing minimally invasive heart valve replacement – patients recover faster and with less pain
- Using advanced imaging technology to improve the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease at ETMC facilities throughout East Texas
Improving heart and vascular care in East Texas communities
- Offering more regional heart clinics than any other healthcare organization
- Providing the expertise of fellowship-trained cardiologists at all regional heart clinics
- Using advanced imaging technology to detect cardiovascular disease at ETMC facilities throughout East Texas
- Facilitating a regional system of trauma and emergency centers to treat cardiovascular patients, close to home
- Serving 15 counties and nearly 15,00 square miles with a fleet of 107 ETMC EMS ambulances
- Covering the region with three Air 1 emergency helicopters so that people with critical heart conditions receive immediate care
- Giving patients access to cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs, close to where they live
The ETMC Cardiovascular Institute is accredited by the Society of Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication. SHAPE national centers of excellence are committed to improving patient outcomes through the early detection and prevention of coronary artery disease, thereby reducing the number of heart attacks and deaths each year.


text:
Thursday, August 8, 2013
Michael Jordan's silhouette on a T-shirt, Justin Bieber's name on a fragrance and Donald Trump on everything. There may be one face that tops them all. Grab a bottle of Shooting Star 2011 Blue Franc and a face will come into clear focus.
Charleston RiverDogs president Mike Veeck's face graces the Jed Steele brand wine as a watermark, clad in sunglasses and hair flowing in the wind. Veeck shares the bottle with the Italian Renaissance polymath, Leonardo da Vinci. The label represents a French Franc note and each year Steele chooses a different watermark of a person that has continued to have a good time with wine varieties and labels.
The wine and Veeck are a contrast in style. While the Blue Franc is described as clean, crisp and unpretentious, Veeck has a history of edgy baseball promotions to go along with a larger than life personality. This mixture will make the wine go down smoothly, but adds a little kick at the end. The wine also includes tons of fruit, including warm berry pie, complementing the traces of pepper, almond cherry and cinnamon.
The Shooting Star Blue Franc does share one big similarity with Veeck as both are enjoyed during the summer months. While the wine goes well with a great festive occasion, Veeck has been known to put on those festive occasions at ballparks around the country during the warm months.
The wine is available through the Jed Steele Winery in Lake County, Calif. Steele has been involved in making wine for 45 years and specializes in many wines where the final bottling is less than 1,000 cases which allow him to maintain the practice of true craftsmanship in their production of small lot bottling.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
« Exit photo gallery
Bloomberg/Vanity Fair afterparty
Photos from the exclusive soiree at the residence of the ambassador of France.
Ronan Farrow of the State Department with model Kate Upton and Aziz Ansari of 'Parks and Recreation.'
(Photo: WireImage | Date: Apr. 29, 2012)
More: See all POLITICO photo galleries
Did you know that this gallery has keyboard shortcuts? Use your left and right arrows to navigate through the gallery.


text:
Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by Fia on 05/30/2013
One of my favorite new restaurants! Food is made to perfection. The tuna tartare is delicious and paired with house made potato chips. Oysters are fresh. Duck Rillette had nice presentation and fresh flavor that is served with toast and crispy duck skin. The scallops were also amazing! Must check this restaurant out! On the top of my list for delicious restaurants in NYC. In addition: The menu price point is average for a nice dinner for 2 in NYC. The quality and passion behind the food is evident. You will get your money's worth.
Posted by Grovest on 04/09/2013
It's is a cute restaurant with a gimmicky name. Inside is very casual and slightly cramped. The prices for drinks are totally not on par with the venue. Wine list by the glass very expensive with some as high as $18 ... Most at $13-$14 ... Gramercy Tavern has cheaper wines! It's really something they should address.
Posted by C Walken on 03/31/2013
Was excited to see new place in the neighborhood and menu looked ok but cannot understand pricing for this restaurant experience. Dinner for 2 - no bread, no starch - salad, entree, 2 drinks - $140. Just can't make this work. Save your money and go elsewhere...
Posted by top chef on 02/28/2013
As a neighborhood resident I flock to every new establishment. Ichabod"s certainly made a pig"s ear ( Gallaxy Diner ) into a silk purse. From the rustic atmosphere , attentive service, and delicious food this has become TOPS in the neighborhood. The spear ribs were unbelievable ,smokey and the meat feel right off the bone. The duck leg was cooked perfectly. I can't wait to go back to taste the rest of the menu. As a chef I know Im hard to please ,but Im ,very pleased. BTW, the wine list and cocktails , very impressive.This is one place , you don't want to miss.
Posted by the food guru on 02/27/2013
My new favorite restaurant hands down. Excellent ambiance. Must orders: Tuna Tartare, Oysters, Squash Dumplings (best dish), Trout, Donut with Ice cream. Also- make sure to grab one of their famous cocktails
Posted by King Tuna on 02/25/2013
In the short time since Ichabod's doors have opened for business, I've managed to eat there twice. The first time I went for dinner, invited by a friend and not expecting much more than another "typical" NYC take on new-American food. But boy was I wrong. If I won the mega-millions and had mad money to burn, Ichabod's is the kind of a restaurant that I would open tomorrow. Small, selective raw bar? Check. Simple but not-so-simple takes on all my favorite comfort foods? Check. Smartly-appointed, whiskey-centric bar program? Yessir. Now I'll get specific... The squash dumplings are ridiculous - delicate, sweet, and savory all at once - I could ask for a dozen orders and call it my meal. The spare ribs are fall-off-the-bone tender with a sauce so delightfully sticky I sat there giggling as I ate (nearby BBQ joints would be lucky to have them on their menus). The duck leg is great. The roast bird is great(er). The pasta with duck ragu - topped with crispy duck skin (which was today's special) is outta control! Although the menu left me wondering, "Where's the pork, sir Crane?". I can't stress enough how impressed I am with the scene and food at this new place. I only hope that the quality of the food stays so high once the masses catch wind of what's going down at 15th & Irving.


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text:
Rare 15th C Swiss Solothurn Halberd
Click thumbnails for expanded view.
- $4,995.00
- Quantity Available: 1
This type is discussed and illustrated by John Waldman in his recent book "Hafted Weapons in Medieval and Renaissance Europe" on pages 60 & 61. It is believed that these are a very early type from the Solothurn region, which were later copied by Lamprecht Koller in the 17th C. A nearly identical example is listed on p. 241 in Southwick's "Price Guide to Antique Edged Weapons", where it is listed as ca. 1450- 1500 from Solothurn. Forged in two pieces around a mandrel, this example features a shallow 7 1/4" convex axe blade with rear shoulder and thickened beak; broad tapering 7 1/2" spike of lens-section with thickened armor-piercing point; long side straps forged with the conical ferrule. This example has the pointed side lugs which are lacking on the later Koller examples. It is mounted on an early partially wormed ash shaft from its working life, possibly the original. Moderately pitted overall, but sound and complete except for a single nail missing from the side straps. Overall length 82 1/2", metal 35".
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- Tuckasegee, North Carolina
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- ca. 1450-1500
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text:
Erin Colwitz
Location: Alabama, USA
Erin Colwitz received her Bachelor of Music degree from the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities in 1998. She later completed the Master of Music and Doctor of Musical Arts degree from the University of Southern California in Choral music. Dr. Colwitz studied conducting with William Dehning, David Wilson, Magen Solomon, and Claire McCoy. At USC, she was awarded a full teaching assistantship as conductor of the Thornton Oriana Choir, the University's only women's chorus, a post she held from 2003-2006. At USC, she also sang with William Dehning and the award-winning Thornton Chamber Choir touring France and Belgium in 2003 and East Asia in 2006.
In Minnesota, Dr. Colwitz was a full-time vocal and general music teacher at Centennial Middle School. There she conducted four choirs, the school's honor choir and swing choir, in addition to teaching classroom music. As a professional singer, Dr. Colwitz was contracted to sing with the Dale Warland Singers in 1999. As part of this extraordinary ensemble, she performed with the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra and Minnesota Orchestra under the direction of Robert Shaw, Edo de Waart, and Hugh Wolff. The DWS were nominated for a Grammy for their recording of Dominick Argento pieces; Dr. Colwitz's doctoral treatise is a critical analysis of Argento's, A Toccata of Galuppi's, a twelve-tone work found on that recording.
In Los Angeles, Dr. Colwitz was a member of the choral music faculty at California State University, Fullerton where she conducted the women's choir and taught music education courses. She served as the Director of Music at St. Victor Catholic Church in West Hollywood from 2003-2008 where she conducted the church choir and guest orchestra in weekly services, feast day services, and concerts such as the Duruflé Requiem and Handel'sMessiah. Dr. Colwitz sang with John Alexander and the Pacific Chorale in Santa Ana, Califoria. Additionally, she was privileged to sing with the Pacific Symphony and Los Angeles Philharmonic under the batons of Carl St. Clair, Giancarlo Guerrero, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Christoph von Dohnányi, and Gustavo Dudamel.
Dr. Colwitz is currently the Director of Choral Activities at the University of Alabama in Huntsville. She conducts the Chamber Choir and Concert Choir, teaches private voice lessons, and choral education methods classes. Dr. Colwitz is also the newly appointed conductor and artistic director of the Huntsville Master Chorale, the oldest chamber chorale in Huntsville. She serves frequently as contest adjudicator and choral clinician throughout Alabama. Dr. Colwitz is a member of MENC, the Alabama Vocal Association, the National Collegiate Choral Organization (NCCO), American Choral Directors Association (ACDA), International Federation for Choral Music (IFCM), and Pi Kappa Lambda.
Dr. Colwitz lives in Jones Valley with her husband, William Dehning, accomplished conductor, Emeritus Professor, and published author, and their very silly golden retriever, Sam.
ChoralNet Communities


text:
I was walking down the staircase in the Boesel building at the Conservatory when I came upon this little note on the floor: "How Have You Made Someone's Day?" It got me thinking, how have I made someone's day today? What have I done to put a smile on someone's face?
This small piece of paper made me more alert to the ways that people are making a difference around campus. I decided to volunteer for a couple of the service opportunities in the area. There are many different ways to get involved around BW during the Christmas season. I did some volunteering with the Christmas gift collection and helped make ornaments for the Berea retirement home. It really got me into the Christmas spirit. I have decided to make a bigger effort to give back during all times of the year. I want to make someone's day on a more regular basis.


text:
Written by Staff • Issue: December 13, 2012 • Campus: CU system • Tags: System Staff Council •
Dozens of children and parents from Buckley Air Force Base in Aurora gathered Friday at University of Colorado system administration offices in Denver to celebrate the holidays. The party marked the culmination of a community outreach effort by the CU System Staff Council, which collected toys from staff members and hosted the event.
CU Buffs mascot Chip gave high-fives and hugs, while Santa took time out of his peak season to hear wishes and hand out candy canes. The toy drive especially benefited children whose parents are deployed away from home this holiday season.
For a photo gallery from the event, click here.
Post your comment here.
(Log in required. Need to register? Click here.)


text:
Why do the movies bottom out when it comes to butt sex?
For most flicks, anal sex is a huge pain in the ass. Maybe it's old-fashioned Puritanism, or hetero-normative notions of what constitutes "proper" sexuality, but the movies find butt sex very uncomfortable. And it has nothing to do with a lack of lube, either.
As a narrative hook, it has enduring appeal, either as a way of inflicting pain or coercion and, of course, as a joke. And before this begins to sound like some woefully dull undergrad term paper, let me point out that my interest in this is totally juvenile. (Like, 75 per cent, anyway.)
Recently, a friend and I were watching Jade (1995), the hilariously godawful "erotic thriller" penned by overpaid, gruff egomaniac Joe Eszterhas ( Basic Instinct , Showgirls — two owed entirely to director Paul Verhoeven). It had all the ingredients of a hit — lots of sex, David Caruso (don't laugh — this was right after a star-making turn on NYPD Blue ), and director William Friedkin ( The French Connection , The Exorcist ). The result was an overwrought mess — Friedkin's weird fascination with classical Asian art gave it an unwanted taste of '90s kitsch; the mystery was paradoxically complicated and nonexistent; and all of the actors look painfully bored.
But it was one key detail that piqued our interest. The plot (whether femme fatale Linda Fiorentino was a cheating killer or just dull) hinged on a revelation of steamy butt sex. First, she's accused of engaging in a riotous act of butt fucking with another guy. Her husband guffaws — it couldn't be her; she refuses to let him slam her back door, so why would she let some stranger? (Why indeed.) Later, a video surfaces, showing some strange feller — not her husband — cruising her Hershey highway as she stares cold-eyed into the camera.
This, apparently, is enough to convince the cuckolded husband (played by a bewildered Chazz Palminteri) that she's guilty. Of something, maybe…. Jade is nothing if confusing, and nobody involved in its production seems to care. More interesting is how anal sex is still the ultimate transgression, so taboo that a dip in the ol' fudge pot is enough to drive a panicky murder investigation.
Hollywood first dropped anchor in anal bay with Midnight Cowboy (1969), where naive, baby-faced Jon Voight turns to prostitution, with depressingly disastrous results — in the film's most notorious scene, he's viciously raped by a john. (Sure, there were other flicks that may have mentioned anal sex before this one, but it was the first — with the kiss-of-death X-rating — that really put it on camera.) Next was Deliverance (1972), where Ned Beatty is raped by a gang of Appalachian inbred freaks in a scene that's still unnerving to modern audiences. The butt sex scene in Last Tango in Paris (1972) isn't really that hot, either. Marlon Brando's backdoor butter action involves what appears to be a rather unwilling participant, a curly-haired, cute French moppet who he has recite some religious mumbo jumbo as he rhythmically pounds her ass. These films all saw the act as less transgressive in practice than it was visceral on screen (and therefore transgressive in the art of cinema — make sense?) In each case, it was punishing and awful.
The '90s and beyond haven't been very progressive, either. Flicks like Kevin Smith's Mallrats (1995) — "sex in an uncomfortable place" — and other dumb comedies still see it as an easy joke (and to be fair, it kind of is). Almost every other film uses it violently — from Catherine Breillat's queasily uncomfortable Fat Girl (2001) , to Leaving Las Vegas (1995) and Requiem for a Dream (2000) ("ass to ass!").
Anal sex will always be a punchline — which is fine, as long it isn't always relegated to a cinematic underworld of pain and ugliness. Films like Ang Lee's Brokeback Mountain (2005) go a long way towards adding a little romance and positivity to the act, especially for gay characters and audiences. Why can't it be fun for everyone? C'mon Hollywood — don't make my brown eye blue.


text:
UB Young Alumni Reception at Mustang Alley's
If you graduated from UB within the last 10 years, you are invited to a reception for recent graduates on Thursday, Sept. 19, 2013 from 6-9 p.m. at Mustang Alley's. Enjoy an evening of bowling, food, drinks and the company of your fellow UB grads. The cost to attend is $20 which includes shoe rental, food, drink tickets and bowling.
Please note: Online registration is now closed. If you are still interested in attending, please contact the Office of Alumni Relations at 410.837.6131.


text:
Measurements made by a cross-dipole acoustic logging tool in a borehole are processed to determine the principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy of a subsurface formation. Measurements indicative of azimuthal resistivity variations are also made with a multicomponent induction logging tool. These electrical measurements are processed using the principal direction determined from acoustic measurements to give an estimate of azimuthal resistivity variations. Based on modeling results, azimuthal resistivity variations are interpreted to estimate a fracture depth in the rock for known fluids therein.
1. A method of determining a parameter of interest of a subsurface formation, said subsurface formation including fractures having a fluid therein, the method comprising:
(a) using a cross-dipole acoustic logging tool in a borehole within the formation and making a set of acoustic measurements indicative of the parameter of interest;
(b) processing the acoustic measurements and obtaining an estimate of a principal direction of anisotropy of the subsurface formation relative to an axis of the borehole;
(c) using an electrical logging tool in the borehole for obtaining resistivity measurements indicative of the parameter of interest;
(d) defining a model including the principal direction of anisotropy; and
(e) determining from the resistivity measurements the parameter of interest, said determination based at least in part on said model.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
(i) a resistivity of the formation when there are no fractures therein;
(ii) a resistivity of the fluid in the fractures and
iii) an angle between axes of said electrical logging tool and a principal direction of anisotropy determined from said acoustic measurements.
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/341,595 filed on Dec. 13, 2001.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention is related generally to the field of interpretation of measurements made by well logging instruments for the purpose of determining the properties of earth formations. More specifically, the invention is related to a method for identification of the extent and direction of fracturing in subsurface formations.
2. Background of the Art
A significant number of hydrocarbon reservoirs comprise fractured rocks wherein the fracture porosity makes up a large portion of the fluid-filled space. In addition, the fractures also contribute significantly to the permeability of the reservoir. Identification of the direction and extent of fracturing is important in reservoir development for two main reasons.
An important reason for identification of fracture direction is that such a knowledge makes it possible to drill deviated or horizontal boreholes with an axis that is preferably normal to the plane of the fractures. In a rock that otherwise has low permeability and porosity, a well drilled in the preferred direction will intersect a large number of fractures and thus have a higher flow rate than a well that is drilled parallel to the fractures. Knowledge of the extent of fracturing also helps in making estimates of the potential recovery rates in a reservoir and in optimizing the production from the reservoir.
Fractures in the subsurface are to a large extent produced by stress fields. Specifically, fracture planes are oriented in a direction orthogonal to a direction of minimum principal stress in the subsurface. The stress field in a fractured formation is anisotropic. A commonly observed effect of an anisotropic stress field or of fracturing is the phenomenon of shear wave birefringence wherein the velocity of shear waves is dependent upon the direction of propagation and the polarization of the shear wave.
The phenomenon shear wave birefringence in subsurface formations was reported by Alford on surface seismic data. Seismic data has a resolution of the order of tens of meters and it is difficult to correlate surface seismic measurements of azimuthal anisotropy with specific reservoir intervals. Subsequent to the work of Alford, there have been other teachings, such as of Winterstein on the use of a "stripping" technique for relating surface measurements of azimuthal anisotropy to subsurface formations. The stripping techniques have a large amount of uncertainty associated with the estimate of the principal directions of shear wave anisotropy.
Becker (U.S. Pat. No. 4,832,148), the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference, teaches the use of an acoustic borehole logging method in which traveltimes of shear waves with two different polarizations are measured. By using a coordinate rotation of the measured shear waves, the principal directions may be determined. The principal directions correspond to shear waves having polarization parallel to and perpendicular to the fracture strike, the former having a higher velocity than the latter. This strike direction is often the maximum in-situ stress direction. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,098,021 to Tang et al., the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference, radially polarized monopole shear waves are used to determine the extent of anisotropy proximate to the borehole. The birefringence of cross-dipole shear waves that have a lower frequency than the monopole waves are then used as an indication of shear wave anisotropy further away from the wellbore in the formation.
The method taught by Tang is thus an improvement over Becker insofar as it is possible to distinguish, in a qualitative manner, between near-borehole effects and effects further away from the borehole. A drawback of shear wave birefringence measurements is their inability to distinguish between anisotropy caused by stress and anisotropy caused by fracturing. Though the fracturing may be caused by stress anisotropy, being able to delineate fractures is important in well planning.
In addition to their effects on elastic wave propagation, electrical anisotropy is also present in the subsurface. It should be noted that in the present application, the terms "elastic" and "acoustic" are used interchangeably, although the latter term is not technically correct. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,924,187 to Sprunt et al, the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference, a core sample from a subterranean formation is shaped to provide a plurality of parallel, planar outer surfaces. Electrical resistivity is measured in each of the azimuthal directions through the core sample which are perpendicular to each of the pairs of parallel, planar outer surfaces for each of a plurality of differing fluid saturations within the core sample. A logarithmic plot is made of measured resistivity versus water saturation for each of the azimuthal directions through the core sample for which resistivity was measured. If the same logarithmic plot is obtained for all measured azimuthal directions, the core sample is identified as being electrically isotropic. If different logarithmic plots are obtained for at least 2 azimuthal directions the core sample is identified as being electrically anisotropic.
There are two conclusions that may be drawn from the results shown by Sprunt shown in FIG. 1. The first is that there is relatively little azimuthal variation in electrical anisotropy on a core sample compared to differences between measurements made parallel to and orthogonal to the bedding plane. The differences are particularly large at low water saturation. The azimuthal variations are of the order of a few percent whereas the resistivity perpendicular to the bedding plane may be five times the resistivity parallel to the bedding plane. The second conclusion is that the measured anisotropy is dependent upon the water saturation. The latter effect suggests that measurements of azimuthal variations in electrical anisotropy may be indicative of fracturing and/or hydrocarbon saturation.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,191,586 to Bittar teaches an apparatus and method for implementing azimuthal capabilities on electromagnetic wave resistivity well logging tools. The apparatus comprises a structurally simple antenna shield positioned around either the transmitting or receiving antennas, or both, positioned on the well logging tool on the drill string. The shields partially surround the tool and provide an electromagnetic barrier for either the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves, as the case may be. Positioned on the shield are appropriately placed and sized windows through which electromagnetic waves may either be transmitted or received, depending upon the function of the antenna that the shield surrounds. One of the teachings of Bittar is the use of the device for estimating the dip of the formation (viz., inclination of the tool axis to the normal to the bedding plane). The effects of dip can be quite large given the differences noted in
Heavy muds may induce fractures when the mud pressure exceeds the rock strength. In hydrocarbon basins, the maximum stress is often in the vertical axis and the minimum stress is in the horizontal axis. For this reason the fracture will tend to be vertical and follow the direction towards maximum stress levels. From the theory of mechanics, it can be shown that the normal to the fracture direction is a direction of minimum principal stresses, so that the preferential fracture strike direction is aligned with the maximum in-situ stress. Previous investigations have suggested that, except in very shallow wells, most hydraulically created fractures will be vertical or nearly vertical. The fractures change the formation's mechanical and electrical properties and thus influence both acoustic and induction resistivity logs. It is important to be able to determine from the depth of fracturing whether they are induced by the drilling process or whether they are preexisting fractures. The latter are important from the standpoint of reservoir development whereas the former may only be indicative of the stress field in the proximity of the wellbore.
There is a need for a method of determination of the extent and direction of fracturing in subsurface earth formations. Such a method should preferably be fast in operation in the sense that it should be possible to acquire data at normal logging speeds. The present invention satisfies this need.
The present invention is a method for determination of subsurface fracturing directions and extent of fracturing. An acoustic logging tool is used in a borehole within the formation and making a set of acoustic measurements. The measurements from the cross-dipole tool are processed to obtain an estimate of a principal direction of azimuthal anisotropy of the subsurface formation relative to an axis of the borehole. An electrical logging tool in the borehole makes measurements of the azimuthal variation of electrical resistivity. Using a model including the principal direction of anisotropy determined from the cross-dipole measurements, the electrical measurements are rotated into the principal direction to give an indication of the electrical anisotropy in the principal direction.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the acoustic logging tool comprises two crossed-dipole shear transmitter and receiver systems generate two dipole shear waves with different polarization. The estimate of the principal direction of anisotropy further comprises determining a velocity or travel time difference between said two dipole shear waves and determining the orientation of the fast shear-wave polarization with respect to the tool frame.
Preferably, the electrical logging tool comprises a multicomponent induction logging tool (3DEX), including transmitter and receiver antennas oriented orthogonal to the tool axis. Various combinations of Hxx, Hyy and Hxy measurements are used in the method of the present invention.
The model includes various parameters, including resistivity of the unfractured rock, the fracture density, the fluid saturation in the fractures, and the resistivities of the fluids in the fractures. The resistivities of the rock and the fluids is obtained by other measurements or known a priori. Based on modeling calculations, the observed electrical anisotropy is interpreted to give the fracture depth.
The application is best understood with reference to the following drawings wherein like numbers in different figures refer to like components
In the method of the present invention, a cross-dipole logging tool is used to determine the propagation velocities of shear waves generated by transmitters with two different (preferably orthogonal) polarizations and recorded by at least two receivers with preferably orthogonal orientation. By using prior art methods such as that described by Tang, the principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy for shear waves is determined along with the two shear velocities. As noted in the background of the invention, there is no guarantee that the borehole axis would be normal to the bedding plane. However, those versed in the art would recognize that for deviations from normality of up to 10░, the effects of dip would be small and the prior art rotation method would give reasonably good estimates of the principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy.
Referring to
The method of the present invention is best understood by way of example.
The depth interval indicated as 301 in
One of the parameters of interest in hydrocarbon reservoir development is the identification of fractures. The fractures provide a conduit for hydrocarbon flow, so that permeability parallel to the fractures is much higher than permeability in a direction perpendicular to the fracture planes. One effect of aligned fractures is to produce an azimuthal anisotropy. Strictly speaking, aligned fractures in an isotropic medium also result in transverse isotropy, but for the purposes of this invention, we refer to it as azimuthal anisotropy and reserve the term TI for anisotropy caused by bedding. On a cross-dipole acoustic logging tool, this results in a difference in propagation velocities of axially propagating shear waves with polarizations parallel to and orthogonal to the fracture plane. Such an effect is seen in
Those versed in the art would recognize that inversion of 3DEX data acquired in deviated boreholes in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy is an almost intractable problem. The Hzz component of the data in a vertical borehole, as is well known, is indicative primarily of the horizontal conductivity of earth formations and due to the axial symmetry, averages out any azimuthal variations in horizontal resistivity. The Hxx and Hyy components in a vertical borehole are responsive to a combination of the vertical resistivity and the horizontal resistivities in the y- and x-directions respectively. In theory, in a vertical borehole the principal components Hxx, Hyy and Hzz components may be inverted to give three resistivity values (the vertical resistivity and two horizontal resistivities) in an azimuthally anisotropic medium. However, in a deviated borehole, even in the absence of azimuthal anisotropy, the Hxx and Hyy will be different and sensitive to tool rotation. Additional information, such as borehole dip and azimuth are required to derive the formation resistivities, or additional magnetic field data, such as Hxy, Hxz, etc., have to be incorporated in the inverse process. In theory, the cross components should be able to improve the accuracy of an inversion, depending on the signal-to-noise ratio.
However, the present invention shows that a combination of 3DEX data and cross-dipole measurements may be used for interpretation of fractures in the subsurface. Returning now to
Turning now to
The differences in observed azimuthal electrical anisotropy between
Borehole image tool measurements can provide additional information for the characterization of fractures. The image data provides fracture information at smaller scale the other measurements discussed about such as the aperture of the fracture and some indications of the resistivity within the fracture. Analysis of the borehole image data can also provide the relative dip of the fracture intersecting the well or induced by drilling. U.S. Pat. No. 5,502,686 to Dory et al, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/754,431 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,348,796) to Evans et al, the contents of which are fully incorporated here by reference, disclose suitable devices for resistivity imaging. The methods for interpretation of resistivity images and acoustic images of borehole walls for determination of relative strike and dip directions of fractures would be known to those versed in the art.
Schoenberg and Sayers presents a modeling methodology for acoustic properties of a fractured media and concludes that seismic measurements may be useful for determining the orientation of the dominant set of fractures and some estimate of the fracture compliance relative to the compliance of the unfractured rock. They further conclude that estimation of the shape and size distribution of the fractures cannot be done from long wavelength seismic data. To a large extent, this is because the propagation velocities of acoustic waves in fluids and in rocks differ by at most a factor of 5 or so. In comparison, the resistivity contrast between fluids and rocks can differ by several orders of magnitude, so that the effects are more noticeable even at low fracture densities. This is used in the present invention to determine the fracture densities in a rock.
Use of the principles discussed above is next shown with a comprehensive example discussed with reference to
Still referring to
To further examine the XX and YY logs in furthermore details,
The Stoneley wave, being an interface wave borne in borehole fluid, is sensitive to fluid-flow conduits (e.g., fractures) at the borehole and can be used to measure the hydraulic conductivity (i.e., permeability) of the conduits.
When a fracture such as that shown in
Using a 3-D modeling algorithm (Wang and Fang, 2001), the sensitivities of the xx, yy, and zz logs to parameters of a fracture filled with oil-based mud were analyzed. An inversion of the resistivity logs shows that the shale zone of interest has quite a uniform resistivity of 1 Ω-m. The mud resistivity is assumed to be 1000 Ω-m. The borehole diameter is 12″ (30 cm) and a fracture aperture is taken to be 1″ (2.5 cm), For an actual borehole, the diameter would be known from caliper measurements. The fracture aperture may be determined by using a suitable borehole imaging tool, such as a resistivity imaging tool, an acoustic imaging tool, or a density imaging tool. Suitable resistivity imaging tools that is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,502,686 to Dory et al, or U.S. Pat. No. 6,348,796 to Evans et al, having the same assignee as the present invention and the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference. The invention of Dory also includes an acoustic imaging capability. Co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/836,980 of Evans et al, having the same assignee as the present application and the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference, teaches a resistivity imaging tool suitable for use with non-conducting borehole fluids. A suitable tool for obtaining density images is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/004,650 of Kurkoski, having the same assignee as the present invention and the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference.
Let us first examine the zz response. The zz response is almost insensitive to a fracture less than 2 ft in length. Beyond that point, the zz response decreases as the fracture length increases. The magnitude of the variation is about 200 mS/m for fractures up to 5 ft long.
Next, we examine the xx and yy responses. The yy response is completely insensitive to the fracture length. This result is expected because the induced current in the formation flows parallel to the fracture plane and the fracture becomes transparent to the induction current. The most interesting observation concerns the xx response. In contrast to the zz response, the xx response increases almost linearly with the fracture length for the first 2 ft. Beyond that, the xx response reaches an asymptotic value. For all frequencies investigated, the xx response changed by about 700 mS/m, a value much greater than was the case for the zz response.
The length of a drilling-induced fracture is a factor of the mud pressure, the rock strength, and the strength of the in-situ formation stress. For a given mud weight and rock type, the stronger the in-situ formation stress, the longer the induced fracture will be. Therefore, the drilling-induced fracture length yields information of about the formation stress strength. The fracture lengths may be estimated from the multicomponent induction logs because of their relatively large depths of investigation. In reality, the tool may be arbitrarily rotated in the borehole. Assume the x-transmitter is at an angle θ to the x-axis as shown in
As an example, the fracture length in the interval of X510-560 ft (where the XX and YY logs have the largest difference) are estimated. The angle θ is obtained from the XMAC data (
The modeling and interpretation example given above is for a resistive mud in the borehole. The methodology described above may also be used with a conducting mud in the borehole.
A suitable device for obtaining mud resistivity is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/142,307 of Fabris et al, having the same assignee as the present application and the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference.
Reference has been made above to the use of an imaging tool for determination of a fracture thickness. The imaging tool may also be used to determine the fracture azimuth. Ideally, the fracture azimuth determined by the imaging tool would be the same as the fracture azimuth determined from the cross-dipole acoustic measurements. In this respect, the imaging tool may be used as a consistency check on the azimuth determination made by the cross-dipole acoustic logging tool. However, there may be a difference between the two determinations due to the fact that the imager is producing a picture of the borehole wall, whereas the cross-dipole logging tool is seeing some distance (of the order of 1 m) into the formation. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the fracture azimuth may be obtained solely from the imager tool and the cross-dipole data are not used.
While the foregoing disclosure is directed to the preferred embodiments of the invention, various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is intended that all variations within the scope and spirit of the appended claims be embraced by the foregoing disclosure.
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text:
St. Mary's In the News
Alum Made His Mark in the Movie Theater Business
In 1900, L. Frank Baum published the children's novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In the story, it is revealed that the Wizard isn't an all-powerful master as others believe; he's just a man behind a curtain, pulling levers to create an illusion. San Antonio has its own wizard in John Santikos.


text:
Below is the poem entitled Hollow-een which was written by poet
bauer. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Ilene Bauer
It doesn't feel like Halloween
And that is thanks to Sandy.
So many suffer still it feels
Obscene to fix on candy.
The city's lacking power south of
Forty-Second Street;
And people living downtown surely
Do deserve a treat.
I'm sure they'd like their stoves and lights
And heat to start to work.
The trick-or-treating gig this year
Is something most will shirk.
The mayor even canceled
Greenwich Village's parade.
What good would all those costumes do
When spirits have been frayed?
It's sad when such a festive day,
So filled with spark and spunk,
Gets brushed aside because the storm
Has left us in a funk.
We'll hopefully bounce back next year
And then reclaim this night,
But celebrating now somehow
Just wouldn't feel quite right.


text:
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text:
GenScript Launches Peptide Array Service
Apr 27, 2010
PISCATAWAY, N.J., Apr 27, 2010-Internationally recognized biology contract research organization GenScript USA Inc. recently launched peptide array service, which is designed for quick and cost-effective peptide screening applications.
GenScript's peptide array service serves as a powerful proteomic technique to study molecular recognition events and identify biologically active peptides. With automated instrumentation, GenScript is able to quickly and cost-effectively synthesize a large number of addressable peptides in small amounts on special cellulose membranes. It can be used for applications that involve peptide screening, such as epitope mapping, protein-protein, enzyme-substrate, and receptor-ligand interactions studies, phosphorylation studies, as well as binding and functional assay studies.
The service features flexible delivery choices, both membrane-bound peptides and cleaved peptides from membrane in lyophilized format can be delivered for researchers� different applications. In particular, membrane-bound peptide array allows in situ screening of peptide arrays due to the special properties of the membrane supports.
GenScript is a contract research organization (CRO) specialized in biological research and drug discovery services. Its service portfolio includes bio-reagent services, assay development & screening, lead optimization, and antibody drug development. The renowned one-stop bioreagent services include custom gene synthesis and molecular biology, custom protein expression and purification, custom peptide synthesis, antibody production, and custom cell line development. Headquartered in Piscataway, New Jersey, GenScript has become a world-leading Biology CRO and the largest gene synthesis supplier in the USA, with subsidiaries in France, Japan, and China.
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For further information, please contact:
Sally Wang
Executive Vice President
GENSCRIPT USA Inc.
1-(732) 885-9188
Source: http://www.genscript.com/peptide_array.html
Your Innovation Partner in Drug Discovery!


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This review explains how laser hair loss treatment is said to work, and gives six possible problems that might mean this costly form of therapy will not save your hair.
For a very long time it's been known that natural sunlight can be of benefit to the human body. And this is especially true of light that's in the red end of the spectrum.
So, the lasers used in hair loss treatment emit red light at wavelengths
which are believed to stimulate hair regrowth in one or more of the
following ways:
Laser hair loss treatment is aimed towards those who have only just begun to lose hair or develop thinning hair, and not really for anyone whose hair loss is already severe.
And, since laser hair therapy also has a skin healing effect, it can be used to assist recovery of the scalp following hair transplant surgery too.
Laser hair loss treatment is also known as low level laser therapy (LLLT), cold laser therapy and laser phototherapy.
But, whatever you call it, using lasers for hair loss is complicated and costly. It's not just a question of getting a clinic to simply shine red light on your scalp for maybe 30 minutes, twice a week.
As you'll see below, this type of treatment is not without its risks...
Several factors can influence whether or not using laser light to treat hair loss will work. Six of these are explained below...
Measured in milliwatts (mW). Think of power as being the rate of energy flowing per second. The lasers used for hair loss all seem to be 5 milliwatts (mW).
However, there is some debate as to whether or not such lasers can penetrate the skin's so called "optical barrier".
Some say it simply depends upon the power output, whereby the more powerful a laser is, clearly the deeper into tissue it will reach.
Obviously clinics and the manufacturers of hair laser comb products have to make sure that their machines won't harm the patient - that would definitely be bad for business!
But, this could mean that there's a compromise on laser power level which might be less than optimal.
Measured in joules per unit area (J/cm²). Think of fluence as being the amount of radiant energy hitting per cm² of the scalp surface. The best fluence level to use for hair loss is debatable, but research suggests 3 to 6 joules per cm² might be optimal.
Most companies seem to keep the fluence level of their lasers a closely guarded secret which, to me, suggests there's real uncertainty as to what level is best to use.
The wavelength said to be of most benefit for hair regrowth is 650 nanometers (nm), which is visible as red light. However, some companies use slightly different wavelengths in an attempt to improve hair growth even more.
Laser light is coherent – i.e., the light waves do not scatter because they're "in phase" with each other. This gives a concentrated beam of light. Other types of light (e.g., LEDs) are non-coherent (or incoherent) – their light particles (photons) are not in phase and so will randomly scatter as soon as they leave the light source.
However, lasers appear to lose their coherence when they enter the body, and this has led to uncertainty about whether the argument for using lasers rather than any other light source is flawed.
Most lasers have very low divergence - they produce a single point of light and don't spread out and "dilute" the radiation they emit as does diffused light (such as the LED light in the diagram below). This means that they can target specific areas of the scalp efficiently and, therein, may work better.
But, it also means less coverage. So, the total duration of treatment might need to be longer to treat the whole scalp (unless the laser device used has a high number of laser diodes and/or uses diffused lasers).
Diffused lasers do have a greater divergence which makes them safer and gives more coverage. And the total duration of treatment can be reduced depending upon other factors such as how strong the lasers are.
Some consider pulsed lasers to be more effective for tissue healing. But, a continuous wave laser works well at reducing inflammation.
So, which type is best for hair loss?
And another thing to consider is that, some pulsed lasers used for hair removal seem to get converted into thermal energy more efficiently than continuous lasers and so, can "kill" hair follicles more effectively. So, use a pulsed laser device and you might be suppressing your hair follicles instead of stimulating them!
As you can see, laser hair loss treatment is full of variables and uncertainties.
And I would have thought such uncertainty would be enough to put most people off the whole idea, let alone the huge cost involved.
But, if you're still thinking about some form of laser hair growth therapy, the next page compares clinics with hand-held products.
This is page 1 of 2.
Read final page? Laser Clinics vs. Hair Laser Combs.
Leave Laser Hair Loss Treatment Review - Return to Treatment Reviews Index.


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13 Qualities Every Leader Should Have
- Overview
- A Seeking Mind
- A Compass for Common Ground
- A Disinterest in Power
- A Taste for Our Story
- An Acceptance of Our Trespasses
- A Way with the Language
- An Admiration of the People
- An ACLU Membership Card
- A Belief in Hardware
- A Belief in Software
- A Love for the Future
- A Willingness to Change Course
- And Gravitas
More Guy Wisdom Lists
An Acceptance of Our Trespasses
Too often, the enthusiasm for our legend described above makes us reluctant to confess our sins. There's a sense that if we admit our faults, our virtues will be lost in recrimination.
Wrong. Our top man should have a clear-eyed sense of what we've done. Yes, our republic was born in genocide. And yes, we have been guilty of racism, institutional and otherwise. And yes, our companies have been rapacious, and yes again, we have often endorsed tyrants as long as they were our guys. But that was then. Now we're working hard to be better.
We need a leader who is both inspired and chastened by what we've done, who can take the verdict of history. We can do better. And we will.
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The fair provides the opportunity for students to have part of their first year of college paid for and have the chance to compete at the INTEL International Science and Engineering Fair in May. With biological, mathematical and physical sciences categories, students can create projects in such diverse fields as biochemistry, space science, and behavioral/social sciences. Students also compete for cash and prizes.
"High school students who plan to compete at the regional level may have already begun their projects," said Debra Bryant, director of the fair. "If not, now is the time to start the process in order to have sufficient time to conduct research, draw conclusions, and prepare the display in time for local and/or school fairs."
All 4th- 12th grade students attending a public, private, parochial, or home school within the Upper Cumberland region whose projects have received an award or honorable mention in a school fair are eligible to enter a science project in the regional fair. All high school students are eligible to enter projects, whether or not they have received an award from a school fair. Students whose schools do not have a school fair are also eligible. A student may enter only one exhibit. Teachers and sponsors may advise students, but all work must be done by the student. Winners will be chosen without regard to sex, race, or national origin.
The regional fair, scheduled for April 1-2 at the Roaden University Center, is sponsored by Tennessee Tech, American Legion Post 135 and Ladies Auxiliary, Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 6277, and Bob Harwood and Wooddesigns Inc. It is affiliated with the INTEL International Science and Engineering Fair and Science Service.
Two Grand Award winners selected from the senior division will be awarded freshman scholarships of $4,000 to TTU and an expense-paid trip to enter their exhibits in the 2005 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair in Phoenix, Ariz., next May. Teams in the senior division are also eligible for the trip, and the TTU scholarship would be divided among the members.
Two Grand Reserve Award winners will also be chosen and these students will receive $2,000 freshman scholarships to TTU and an expense-paid trip as observers to the International Fair. There will also be awards for the teachers of the Grand Award winners.
Information for students may be obtained from the Science Service web site at http://www.sciserv.org/isef/students/index.asp, from the TTU Science Fair web site at http://www.tntech.edu/physics/ or from local high school science teachers.
For more information, contact Bryant at 372-3668.


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Oct. 7, 1958 c. MCCLARAN 2,854,705
PORTABLE HUNTING BLIND Filed July 25, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 h INVENTOR Ja/T/cC'Zaran ATTORNEYQ Oct. 7, 1958 J; C. M CLARAN PORTABLE HUNTING BLIND 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 25, 1956 INVENTOR cfCMaaran ATTORNEYS (Pet. 7, 1958 J. c. MCCLARAN I 2,
I PORTABLE HUNTING BLIND Y Filed July 25, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet .3
INVENTOR ATTORNEY 5 United States Patent "ice PORTABLE HUNTING BLIND Johnson C. McClaran, Houston, Tex.
Application July 25, 1956, Serial No. 600,099
1 Claim. (Cl. 20--2) The present invention relates to portable hunting blinds, and more particularly to such devices which can be readily carried on the average car to and from the hunting site.
The primary object of the invention is to provide a hunting blind which can be erected and collapsed without the use of tools and which will provide complete cover for the hunter while enabling him to shoot in any direction.
Another object of the invention is to provide a portable hunting blind which is elevated above the normal ground level enabling the hunter to command a greater area.
A further object of the invention is to provide a portable hunting blind of the class described above having shooting windows therein which can be opened for shooting and ventilation and closed when desired to eliminate .cold air.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a portable hunting blind of the class described above which is inexpensive to manufacture, simple to erect and collapse and which can be carried without requiring special equipment.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent in the following specification when considered in the light of the attached drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the invention showing the side adjacent the side illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an enlarged horizontal cross-section taken along the line 3--3 of Figure 2, looking in the direction of the arrows.
Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical cross-section taken along the line 4-4 of Figure 2, looking in the direction of the arrows.
Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view illustrating the panel fasteners.
Figure 6 is an exploded horizontal cross-section taken along the line 66 of Figure 5, looking in the direction of the arrows.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of the interior side of one of the side panels.
Figure 8 is a fragmentary internal side elevation of another of the panels forming the side of the invention.
Figure 9 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical cross-section taken along the line 9-9 of Figure 2, looking in the direction of the arrows.
Referring now to the drawings in detail wherein like reference characters indicate like parts throughout the several figures, the reference numeral 20 indicates generally a portable hunting blind constructed in accordance with the invention.
The hunting blind 20 comprises a base panel or floor 21 having frame members 22 forming a rectangular framework supporting its outer edges and a pair of crossed frame members 23 and 24 extending from medial points of opposite side frame members 22. The floor 21 is supported on a plurality of detachably connected 2,854,705 Patented Oct. 7, 1958 legs 25 with one leg 25 extending downwardly from each corner of the floor 21. Each of the legs 25 is rabbeted as at 26 to permit the leg 25 to engage the inside end and bottom of each of the frame members 22, as best illustrated in Figure 4.
Adjacent legs 25 are connected by X-shaped bracing members 27 and 28 which are secured to the legs 25 by means of bolt and wing nut fasteningmembers 29. The brace 27 is secured to the brace 28 at their intersection by means of a wing nut and bolt combination 29. One of the nut and bolt combinations 29 on one pair of braces 27 and 28 as well as the pair opposite thereto are centered with relation to the leg 25 and with relation to the braces 27 and 28 so that when the lower ends of the braces 27 and 28 are disconnected from the legs 25, the braces 27 and 28 will align with the leg 25 to which it is attached by the upper bolt and wing nut combination 29.
In the case, however, of the braces 27 and 28 on the other opposed pair of sides, the wing nut and bolt combination 29 is ofiset with relation to the braces 27 and 28 to permit the braces 27 and 28 to overlie the braces 27 and 28 swung inwardly from the adjacent side. Cross connectors 30 extend from the lower end of the adjacent legs 25 and are secured thereto by wing nut and bolt combinations 29 on opposite sides of the hunting blind 20, while connector members 31 are positioned above the lower end of the legs 25 to extend between the adjacent sides of the blind 20, as seen in Figures 1 and 2.
.One side of the blind 20 is provided with a plurality of ladder rung forming cross members 32 each secured to one of the legs 25 at one end and one of the braces 27, 28 at the other end by means of wing nut and bolt combinations 29.
The floor 21 is provided with an opening 33 to provide access for the blind 20. A trap door 34 is adapted to engage the frame members 22, 23 and 24 to fill the opening 33 in the floor 21 after the hunter has entered the blind 20. A pair of generally rectangular identical side walls 35 are positioned on opposite sides of the floor 21 and extend upwardly therefrom.
Each of the side walls 35 is provided with a bottom frame member 36 spaced from the bottom edge 37 of the wall 35, and a pair of upright frame members 38 and 39 spaced inwardly from the side edges 40 and 41, respectively, of the side wall 35.
A top frame member 42 extends between the upper ends of the side frame members 38 and 39 and is positioned at the top of the side wall 35. A transverse cross frame member 43 is positioned in parallel relation to the frame member 42 and extends between the frame members 38 and 39 in vertically spaced relation to the frame member 42. The frame member 42 is provided with a rabbet 44 and the frame member 43 is provided with a rabbet 45 both extending longitudinally thereacross.
A window, generally indicated at 46, is provided with a frame 47 which is adapted to engage in the rabbets 44 and 45 so as to slidably engage therein permitting the opening 48 in the side wall 35 to be closed by sliding the window '46 thereover. The other sides of the blind 20 have opposed side Walls 35' which are identical in every respect to the side wall 35, with the exception that the top frame member 42' slopes upwardly to a center point, for reasons to be assigned.
A roof panel, generally indicated at 49, is provided with frame members 50 which are adapted to engage Within the confines of the frame members 42, 42 of the side walls 35, 35, as illustrated in Figure 4, and has secured thereto roof panels 51.
The frame members 38 and 39 of the side wall 35 are positioned adjacent the edges 40 and 41 of the side panel 35"so that the side-frames 38 and 39 of the side Wall 35 can 'fit-therebetween. Each of the side frames 38 and 39 of each of the side walls 35 are provided with vertically spaced bores 52 which are axially aligned, as best shown in F igure '6 "and have a bolt 53 extending therethrough secured by a wing-nut 53'.
The frame-members 50 of the roof panel 49 are each provided with button clips 54'each pivotally mounted on a screw 54'. Each clip 54 is adapted to engage -in a groove 55 formed-in-the upper frame members -42, 42' of the side panels-35, 35. The floor 21 is provided with aplurah'tyof angle-hooks '56 which are adapted to engage over the bottom frame members '36 of the side panels 35, 35' to secure the side 'walls 35, 35 to the floor panel 21.
It can readily be seen that by the use of the wing nut *b oltcombinations 29, 53, 53', the clips 54 and hooks 56 that'the blind can-be readily assembled and disassembled without the use of tools so that a'hunter going into the hunting areawith the blind would be burdened only with "the weight of the blind and the hunting equipment carried therealong.
"It is also quite evident that with a window positioned in eac'hof the side walls 35,35 that the hunter who is within the blind 20 can command every direction and can the at game in any direction he desires merely by opening the window 46 on the correct side of the blind 20. It should be understood, of course, that the window opening 48 can be arranged to suit left handed hunters was necessary.
A portable hunting blind comprising a plurality ofelongated upright legs arranged in a generally rectangular relationship and sloping inwardly slightly, a horizontal floor panel detachably secured to the upper ends of said legs, X-bracing extending between adjacent legs on each side of said blind, a unitary side wall panel detachably secured to eachof the side-edges of said floor panel and extending upwardly therefrom, means detachably securing the abutting edges of each of said side wall panels together, a unitary roof panel resting on the upper edges of said side wall panels and detachably secured thereto, a sliding window arranged for horizontal movement in each of said side walltpanels adjacent one side edge thereof, andatrap door-formed in'said horizontal floor panel for access tosaid hunting blind.
ReferencesCited inthe file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,075,668 Miller Oct. 14, 1913 1,662,086 Brown Mar. 22, 1927 1,676,272 McEWen July 10, 1928 2,765,500 Campus Oct. 9, 1956
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


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The Avengers
Watch an exclusive Age of Ultron DVD clip Whedon says no to Avengers Director's Cut Which Avenger shows up in Ant-Man teaser? LEGO Marvel's Avengers gets its first trailer Watch Uwe Boll's extraordinary anti-Hollywood rant See Samsung's Iron Man Galaxy S6 Edge Iron Man Galaxy S6 Edge is 'coming soon' Black Widow gets awesome fan-made title credits JLaw as Thor? Avengers get gender-swapped Louis CK was in Avengers: Age of Ultron?! The Marvel Universe will never go dark Has Black Widow been replaced by Captain America? Avengers: Infinity War signs Thor 2 writers Which Avenger is the biggest diva? Avengers: Infinity War to debut new IMAX Mark Ruffalo defends Joss Whedon Feminist Frequency on Whedon Twitter exit Avengers on course for box office record Whedon on Twitter exit: "That is horses**t" Guardians of the Galaxy director is Team Whedon Jeremy Renner defends Black Widow "slut" joke Avengers director Whedon quits Twitter Black Widow gets a rom-com in SNL sketch Loki was cut from Avengers: Age of Ultron Watch Chris Evans surprise Scarlett Johansson Do the Avengers know their biceps? Inside Out's Joy and Fear watch Avengers Ruffalo wants more Black Widow merch Hawkeye has superpowers too, you know Avengers finale shooting back-to-back Avengers dominates UK box office Marvel launches fashion line for women Watch: Sesame Street take on The Avengers Ruffalo answers 'sexist' interview questions How well do you know Marvel? Downey turns to Sawyer after C4 walkout Ultron content for Marvel Contest of Champions Avengers 2 stars sorry for "slut" joke Avengers: Age of Ultron video review Scarlet Witch is coming back for Civil War


text: So I posted on April 1st on my personal facebook about being pregnant. Many were not sure how to take it… some were like hahah fool's, others who knew the truth were happy they could talk about it. Yup it is true I am knocked up I am more than excited about it! I am 8 weeks as of yesterday from my ultrasound date. I will try to keep you all posts as this goes along… unless you don't want to know… then don't read But We are very happy! This is also the reason my blog post are so spread out now, and polish orders are taking me like 4-5 days to do. I am just tired… but they say energy will return.


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TerraShield Essential Oil Blend
Repellent Blend
TerraShield Repellent Blend is doTERRA's all-natural, super-concentrated insect repellent which is formulated with a proprietary blend of 15 Certified Pure Therapeutic Grade essential oils that have been scientifically shown to repel insects more effectively than other synthetic insect repellents. Just a small amount of super-concentrated TerraShield will provide powerful coverage and lasts up to 6 hours per application. TerraShield smells great and can be used safely by everyone in the family without worry. For topical or aromatic uses.
Most insect repellents cover you with a harsh odor and unnatural chemicals. Yet Terra Shield has a wonder all-natural smell with even a hint of sweet woods.
Common use:Natural insect repellant
If you would like to learn more about TerraShield essential oil blend or other essential oil blends, please contact TrydoTERRA.com.
|Item Code
|TerraShield® 15 ml (3119)