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The invention relates to an oral composition for the treatment and prevention of dental hypersensitivity comprising an anti-hypersensitivity agent embedded in a sustained release carrier such as a cellulosic or hydrophobic polymer, and a method for the use of said composition in treating and preventing dental hypersensitivity. The invention also provides for the supplementation of said oral composition with an adhesive and a plasticizer to increase the effectiveness of the anti-hypersensitivity agent.
1. A sustained-release dental hypersensitivity preventative varnish composition which comprises:
(a) an agent capable of suppressing dental hypersensitivity, wherein said agent is selected from the group consisting of strontium salt, potassium, lithium or sodium nitrate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, ammonium oxalate, EDTA with flouride, flouride, and ammonium glycyrrhizzinate;
(b) a sustained release hydrophobic polymer, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polyamide-nylon, poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate), cellulose nitrate and silicones; and
(c) a plasticizer;
in a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, wherein said vehicle is selected from the group consisting of water, ethyl alcohol, and ethyl alcohol mixed with water, wherein said composition is capable of forming a film which adheres to a dental surface, and wherein said film which adheres to a dental surface is capable of providing efficacious levels of said agent for the treatment of said dental hypersensitivity.
2. A method of prevention of dental hypersensitivity comprising application of the varnish composition of claim 1 to the teeth or gingival tissues of an animal.
3. The varnish composition of claim 1 wherein said agent capable of suppressing dental hypersensitivity is strontium salt.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein said application is by brush.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein said application is by spray.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein said animal is a human.
7. The varnish composition of claim 1, which additionally contains an agent selected from the group consisting of a flavoring agent, surface active agent and coloring agent.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein said animal is a domesticated animal.
9. The varnish composition of claim 1, wherein said plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, and mineral oil.
10. The varnish composition of claim 1, which additionally contains an adhesive gum.
11. The varnish composition of claim 10, wherein said adhesive gum is gum mastic.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Application No. 07/304,091, filed Jan. 31, 1989, now abandoned the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 532,328, filed Jun. 5, 1990, now abandoned.
The invention is directed to a dental composition for preventing hypersensitivity in teeth, and to a method for the use of such composition for the treatment of hypersensitive teeth.
Dental hypersensitivity, especially that arising from dentin and cementum hypersensitivity, is a frequently encountered problem in dentistry and a very troublesome clinical complaint. Hypersensitivity may occur wherever the dentin or cementum of a tooth is exposed by attrition or abrasion, or when the tooth's fine root surface is exposed by periodontal disease. In about 12% of erupted teeth, there is a developmental lack of protective covering of cementum at the cementoenamel junction. As a result, when the exposed dentin is subjected to mechanical, thermal, chemical or osmotic stimuli, the sensory nerves of the teeth become excited and a very painful response results. For example, people with hypersensitive teeth find it very painful to orally ingest certain forms of nourishment, such as liquids or foods that are hot or cold, sweet, hypertonic or contain citric acid. Everyday stimuli such as brushing the teeth may also be painful.
Many attempts have been made to control hypersensitivity of the teeth. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,863,006 (Hodosh, M.) describes the use of potassium, lithium or sodium nitrate; U.S. Pat. No. 4,751,072 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,631,185 (both to Kim, S.) describe the use of potassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride; U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,372 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,634,589 ( both to Scheller, H. U.) describe the use of hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite; U.S. Pat. No. 4,057,621 Pashley, D. H., et al.) describes the use of an alkali metal or ammonium oxalate; U.S. Pat. No. 4,415,549 (Shah, N. B.) describes the use of strontium EDTA, fluoride and ammonium glycyrrhizzinate; and, GB990957 (Rosenthal, M. W.) describes the use of strontium for the control of hypersensitivity. The use of strontium ions to treat hypersensitivity was also disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,122,483, 3,988,434 and 4,224,310.
However, although clinically the most effective for reducing tooth hypersensitivity, the use of strontium salts for the treatment of hypersensitivity is disliked by patients due to the tendency of strontium salts to leave an unacceptably salty taste or metallic taste in the mouth, even when used in a toothpaste form. Another major disadvantage of strontium dentifrice is the long period of time of application which is required to achieve the clinical effect.
A topical, sustained-release form of an agent capable of controlling dental hypersensitivity could help prevent undesirable taste side effects and still treat the hypersensitive condition. Such a dosage form would be able to release the agent controlling the hypersensitivity at a lower therapeutic level over a long period of time, for example, for weeks. Sustained localized release of the hypersensitivity agent, targeted directly to the hypersensitive site, would also solve the problem of the prolonged time and application currently required to obtain clinical effectiveness with strontium.
Sustained release of an agent to treat a dental disease, peridontal disease, has been reported to be achieved by embedding chlorhexidine in an ethyl cellulose polymer to form a varnish (Friedman, M., et al., J. Perio. Res. 17:323-328 (1982); Friedman, M., et al., IADR Prog. and Abstr. 59:No. 905 (1980); Soskolne, W. A., et al.. J. Perio. Res. 18:330-336 (1983)). This dosage form was also used in the treatment of plaque prevention in patients wearing orthodontic appliances (Friedman, M., et al., J. Dent. Res. 64:1319-1321 (1985)). However, this treatment, termed a varnish because it is applied to the surface of the teeth or tissues, was not deemed useful for the long-term prevention of the dental condition. Thus a need exists for the identification of a varnish composition capable of supplying a dental agent in an efficacious sustained-release, long term dosage form.
Wahmi (U.S. Pat. No. 4,374,824) discloses dentifrices for cleaning and preserving teeth. Disclosed were compositions comprising ginger, magnesium silicate, sodium chloride, catechu, alum, seed and shell of sweet almond, pyrethrum, gum mastic, and tobacco. It was reported that gum mastic was added to the composition to assist in the prevention of tooth decay. The disclosed compositions were intended to be in the form of toothpaste or tooth powders. The Wahmi patent does not disclose the possible long-term anti-hypersensitivity effect of the compositions; further, application of the disclosed compositions two to three times per day is required for antiplaque activity.
Mastic has been used previously for other dental purposes. U.S. Pat. No. 4,668,188 (Wolfenson, G. B.) discloses the use of a curable mastic in the production of an oral impression tray for making impressions of teeth and jaw structures. Mastics have been used in the production of dental molds (U.S. Pat. No. 4,500,288, VonWeissenfluh, H.) and as an adhesive to secure dental articulators (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,548,581 and 4,382,787, Hoffman, R. E.). U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,532,126 and 4,428,927 (Ebert, W. R., et al.) disclose chewable, filled, one-piece soft elastic gelatin capsules, made chewable by a masticatory substance, such as a synthetic mastic.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,459,277 (Kosti, C. M.) relates to novel plaque compositions for use in evaluating oral hygiene practices. In brief, the patent discloses a water-insoluble, water-immiscible dye emulsified in fine droplets or rupturable capsules. The patent discloses the use of mastic resin as well as alginates, and other gums as an insoluble media for dye dispersion. In particular, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is disclosed. Also disclosed is the possibility of incorporating antibacterial agents such as stannous fluoride into the compositions. Significantly, the Kosti patent is concerned with diagnostic rather than therapeutic applications. The patent fails to suggest compositions exhibiting long-term preventive activity for hypersensitive teeth.
The background art fails to identify any compositions of matter comprising an effective anti-hypersensitivity agent together with a long term sustained release carrier capable of providing efficacious levels of the anti-hypersensitivity agent, either alone or in combination with an adhesive polymer such as a mastic and a plasticizer such as polyethylene glycol, for use as a hypersensitivity preventative by humans and other animals, under conditions in which the anti-hypersensitivity agents have no undersirable side effects such as changes in taste sensations.
With this need in mind, the present inventor set out to find an anti-hypersensitivity composition capable of delivering efficacious levels of an agent effective against those dental conditions responsible for hypersensitivity, said composition being such that the active anti-hypersensitivity agent is released in a sustained, long-term fashion, without a salty or metallic taste, and such that the hypersensitivity composition has the property of long-term adhesion to the teeth, and such that the hypersensitivity composition remains plastic during the entire period of application. With this goal in mind, the inventor has discovered a hypersensitivity composition with these desirable characteristics using materials already approved by the F.D.A., the composition comprising a metal salt or other hypersensitivity agent embedded in a sustained release carrier composed of a cellulose or hydrophobic polymer, in a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, optionally containing a plasticizer such as polyethylene glycol and/or an adhesive polymer such as gum mastic.
The invention is further directed to a sustained-release dental hypersensitivity preventative varnish composition which comprises: (a) an agent capable of suppressing dental hypersensitivity, and (b) a sustained release ethyl cellulose or hydrophobic polymer, in a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, wherein such composition is capable of forming a film which adheres to a dental surface, and wherein such film which adheres to a dental surface is capable of providing efficacious levels of such agent for the treatment of such dental hypersensitivity for a suitable period of time.
This invention relates to oral compositions that provide sustained, efficient, inexpensive, anti-hypersensitivity activity without deleterious or undesirable side effects, and methods for using such compositions.
By "sustained-release" is meant the continuous release of an active substance at efficacious levels for a suitable period of time, such as overnight. By a "suitable" period of time is meant a period of time sufficiently long to provide the desired treatment for hypersensitivity. The release of the active substance may be constant or pulsed, as long as efficacious levels of the active substance are provided to the surrounding milieu for the desired period of time.
By an "efficacious level" is meant a level or concentration of a drug or other active agent which is high enough to be effective in treating the condition the drug was designed to treat.
By "oral varnish" is meant a composition which is topically applied to a surface such as a tooth, and which dries as a film adhering to that surface, in a manner which resists removal under normal conditions, for example by saliva and unvoluntary mouth movements during sleep, and is mechanically removable, for example by brushing the teeth.
The compilation of the components of the aforementioned oral composition is based upon the specific properties of each combination increases the antihypersensivity effectiveness of other members of the combination.
The oral composition of the invention assists in the prevention of dental hypersensitivity. A variety of anti-hypersensitivity agents are suitable for the present invention. Preferred is the use of strontium salts. Other anti-hypersensitivity agents useful in the composition of the invention include potassium, lithium or sodium nitrate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, ammonium oxalate, EDTA with fluoride, fluoride, and ammonium glycyrrhizzinate.
It is also a feature of this invention that the aforementioned anti-hypersensitivity agent is released to the hypersensitive site in a long-term sustained release manner so as to reduce the required frequency of use. This kind of release is accomplished by embedding the anti-hypersensitivity agent in a cellulosic or hydrophobic acrylic polymer to form a varnish for administration to the oral cavity. The use of these polymers has the additional advantage of minimizing side effects of the hypersensitivity agent. Preferred are the insoluble and inexpensive polymers: hydrophobic type (polyethylene, polymethacrylate, polyamide-nylon, poly(ethylenevinyl acetate) cellulose nitrate, silicones and others). A preferred cellulosic polymer is ethyl cellulose.
Thus, in a preferred embodiment, an oral composition with the highly desirable characteristics mentioned above comprises an anti-hypersensitivity compound such as strontium, preferably strontium chloride, embedded in a sustained release cellulosic polymer such as ethyl cellulose, in a pharmaceutically effective vehicle. For example, strontium (1-5 parts) and ethyl cellulose (5-9 parts) may be dissolved in ethanol (80-120 parts) for the preparation of sustained release delivery systems. The efficacy of such preparations (see examples below) demonstrates that the anti-hypersensitivity agent is efficiently released from said varnish at efficacious levels for an overnight period. In another embodiment, combinations of strontium salts with another anti-hypersensitive agent are used.
For application to a dental surface, that is, a surface within the oral cavity such as the buccal and lingual surfaces of teeth, an ethanolic solution of the antisensitivity agent and cellulosic or hydrophobic polymer (containing up to 4% of the anti-hypersensitivity agent as used in the varnish) are applied with a soft brush or with a spray. The dry film is formed in situ. after application of the varnish to the tooth surface and evaporation of the solvent. Mouthwash forms are not suitable because of inefficient application of the composition to affected areas. Preferably, a film of 10-160 μm thick dries on the surface of the tooth.
Those skilled in the art of oral medicine will, without undue experimentation, be able to produce ranges of concentrations of other appropriate antisensitivity agents and sustained release polymers.
It is another feature of the invention that the oral compositions for hypersensitivity treatment and prevention also provide for additional desirable components. For example, the adhesiveness of the oral composition may be improved by the incorporation within said composition of gums such as gum mastic in a formulation providing from 1-20% by weight of the gum mastic. Other suitable mastics are disclosed in U.S. Pat. NO. 4,315,779 to Heyd, D., et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,374,844 to Wahmi, H. V. R., et al.
In another formulation, other compositions may include demulcents/humectants (i.e., plasticizers) such as polyethylene glycol 400-to-4000, glycerol, sorbitol, or mineral oil in concentrations of about 1% by weight. Other humectants, detergents, or surface-active agents will be known to those skilled in the formulation of oral compositions.
Thus, in a preferred composition, the oral composition of the invention comprises strontium, ethyl cellulose polymer, an adhesive, a plasticizer, and solvent (i.e., aqueous ethanol). In a highly preferred formulation, gum mastic is also present. Water, flavorings, and coloring agents may also be present as required.
Having now generally described the invention, the same will become better understood by reference to certain specific examples which are included herein for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified.
The following formulations (Table 1) were all prepared by the same general procedure as follows: ethyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol polymers were dissolved in the suitable solvent. After complete dissolution of the polymers, the additional components of the varnish were added.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________MATERIAL/FORMULATION I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX__________________________________________________________________________STR (G) 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0EC-NF100 (G) 8.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0PEG 400 (G) 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 -- -- --PEG 4000 (G) -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.0 -- --GLYCEROL (G) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.0 --MINERAL OIL (G) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.0ETHANOL (C"C) 100 100 100 80 120 100 100 100 100__________________________________________________________________________ Ethyl cellulose -- EC Polyethylene glycol -- PEG Strontium chloride -- STR
The best formulation was No. IV. The concentration of strontium in No. IV is lower than that currently used in toothpaste and dental solutions which contain 10% strontium.
The effects of local application of a sustained-release delivery system of strontium on hypersensitive teeth is shown in Table 2.
The study includes nine patients, among whom 55 teeth were treated. Patients applied to their teeth nightly the strontium varnish formulation No. IV from Table 1 and the teeth were tested again after 7 and 30 days. Sensitivity was rated on a scale of 0-5, with five being the highest sensitivity. None of the patients complained of a metallic or salty taste.
TABLE 2______________________________________The effect of local application of sustained-releasevarnish of strcntium on hypersensitivity of teethMechanical stimuli Thermal stimuli day 0 day 7 day 30 day 0 day 7 day 30______________________________________Patient 1 4 2 2 5 4 3 1 0 0 4 3 1 3 3 2 3 1 0 3 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 0 3 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 4 3 2 4 4 1Patient 2 2 2 1 4 2 2 4 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 2 3 2 2Patient 3 5 4 3 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 4 3 0 5 4 3 1 1 0 2 2 1Patient 4 3 2 1 4 3 0 1 1 0 3 3 2 3 1 0 3 1 1Patient 5 5 4 3 5 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 4 4 3 3 2 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 3 3 1Patient 6 3 1 1 5 4 2 4 2 1 5 5 4 4 3 1 5 5 5 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 3 2 4 4 2 2 2 0 1 0 1 4 3 2 5 5 5 2 1 0 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 2 3 2 3 4 4 3Patient 7 2 2 2 4 4 3 1 1 1 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 2 3 3 4Patient 8 4 3 1 5 4 2 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 3 0 5 3 3 3 3 1 4 2 2 3 3 1 5 5 2 5 4 2 5 5 5 3 2 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 4 4 4Patient 9 2 0 0 3 2 1 1 0 0 4 3 2 3 1 0 5 4 3 1 0 0 4 3 3 2 1 1 4 3 2 2 1 1 5 5 2 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 1 2 4 4 4Number: 55 55 55 55 55 55Mean: 2.94 2.13 1.33 3.80 3.09 2.33Median: 3.00 2.00 1.00 4.00 3.00 2.00Standard 1.11 1.17 1.12 1.09 1.26 1.36Deviation:______________________________________Statistical Evaluation:Mechanical stimuliDay 7- significantly different than day 0 (PL10-6, pair t- test, two tailed).Day 30- significantly different than day 0 (PL10-6, pair t- test, two-tailed).Thermal stimuliDay 7- significantly different than day 0 (PL10-6, pair t- test, two tailed).Day 30- significantly different than day 0 (PL10-6, pair t- test, two-tailed).______________________________________
The results in Table 2 show that most of the teeth varnished with a strontium-containing composition of the invention were no longer hypersensitive or showed significantly less hypersensitivity for as long as 30 days after beginning the application of the varnish on a daily basis.
Now having fully described the invention, it will be understood by those with skill in the art that the scope may be performed with a wide and equivalent range of conditions, parameters, and the like, without affecting the spirit or scope of the invention or any embodiment thereof.
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Everything's an Argument
by Andrea A. Lunsford, John J. Ruszkiewicz
Paperback: 656 pages
Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's
List Price: $150.00
Editorial Reviews
Product Description
This best-selling brief text shows students how to analyze all kinds of arguments — not just essays and editorials, but clothes, cars, ads, and Web site designs — and then how to use what they learn to write their own effective arguments. Andrea Lunsford and John Ruszkiewicz's instruction is engaging, informal, and jargon-free. Emphasizing inclusiveness, humor, and visual argument, it makes Everything's an Argument student-centered and immediately accessible. Students like this book because it helps them understand how a world of argument already surrounds them; instructors like it because it helps students construct their own arguments about that world.
Related Titles
- Me Talk Pretty One Day
- Everything's an Argument with Readings
- Everything's an Argument
- 50 Essays: A Portable Anthology
- United States History: Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination (2015 Exam)
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Find hotels & motels in Adams using the list below. Search for cheap and discounted hotel and motel rates in or close to Adams, WI for your upcoming personal or group travel. We show the best Adams Wisconsin hotel/motel rooms. Review the Adams hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Adams hotels.
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One of the benefits of in ear monitor of type headphones is that they offer better isolation, better sound and less spill other types of headphones (especially those evil white ones, the ones that are louder on the F###### outside than the inside).
In this Instructable I will document how I improved my Sennheiser IE4, the same techniques will also work for Sennheiser CX300's, the Sharp, Sony and Creative models that are all very similar to previously mentioned models.
Let me also bring your attention to some other Instructables in a similar vien
1) Improve-In-Ear-Headphones-Ear-Buds
2) Poor-Man-Noise-Canceling-EarBud-Headphones
Step 1: Why Do This
The expanding foam tips offer improved sound quality and better isolation due to the improved seal and better coupling they offer, however if your ears are as Mingy as mine they need to be replaced quite often. These tips due to their expanding nature fit most sizes of ear perfectly.
The rubber tips come generally in three sizes and are a lot easier to clean. However finding a good fit can be difficult, I have also experienced that these tips loose some of their elasticity over time and as such the seal deteriorates.
In this Instructable I offer a middle way.
Step 2: You Will Need
A hole punch (1/4" Diameter).
Some foam ear plugs (I used E-A-R classic).
Rubber ear tips of a suitable size for you ear.
Step 3: Dismantle Your Eartips
Step 4: Punch Out The Earplugs
Place the compressed earplug in the punch taking care to centre the earplug on the punch.
Punch the earplug, repeat this step leaving you with two punched earplugs.
You could always try a shopping search on the mighty G.
Regards from Hungary!


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Juneteenth is the oldest known celebration commemorating the ending of slavery in the United States. Dating back to 1865, it was on June 19th that the Union soldiers, led by Major General Gordon Granger, landed at Galveston, Texas with news that the war had ended and that the enslaved were now free.
Juneteenth, also known as Freedom Day or Emancipation Day is celebrated on June 19, the term is a portmanteau of June and nineteenth and is recognized as a state holiday or state holiday observance in 42 of the United States.
Though Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862, with an effective date of January 1, 1863, it had minimal immediate effect on most slaves' day-to-day lives, particularly in the Confederate States of America.Texas, as a part of the Confederacy, was resistant to the Emancipation Proclamation. Juneteenth commemorates June 18 and 19, 1865. June 18 is the day Union General Gordon Granger and 2,000 federal troops arrived in Galveston, Texas, to take possession of the state and enforce the emancipation of its slaves.On June 19, 1865, while standing on the balcony of Galveston's Ashton Villa, Granger read the contents of "General Order No. 3":
The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer and hired labor. The freedmen are advised to remain quietly at their present homes and work for wages. They are informed that they will not be allowed to collect at military posts and that they will not be supported in idleness either there or elsewhere.
There are Juneteenth celebrations all across Los Angeles, click here for the 411.
Source: Wikipedia


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If you want to keep your fingers to the pulse of what's really going on with Wall Street, and the Guys Who Know What's Really Going On On Wall Street, you can go to "The Big Picture" and see WALL STREET GENIUS commentator and big-thinker Barry Ritholtz quote Noam Chomsky.
If you want.
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Chomsky AND Gore Vidal
Funny. Chomsky sees almost the same thing as Darth Moldbug does, except that Chomsky sees the USA inexorably moving right, whereas Moldbug sees it as moving left.
Where would Richard Nixon stand on gay marriage? Transexual rights? Feminism? Open borders? And what about Eisenhower?
Yeah that was my point above. I would really like for someone to make the case that Nixon was to the left of Obama.


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Anyone in need of a 414hp lawn equipment toting track-ready car? Here's an M3 spy sighting out of left field. Normally we'd dismiss this outright as simply a joke on spy photographers and us enthusiasts who pour over spy photos, but this prototype is actually registered as a BMW manufacturer vehicle.
We do not yet have info on what this car may be and speculate that it could be anything from a playful BMW joke (almost definitely) to somehow actually (and unbelievably) being … CONTINUED


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Here's what you should know about breast reduction surgery (reduction mammaplasty), a reconstructive surgery procedure for women and men offered by Colorado Springs plastic and reconstructive surgeon, Dr. Greg Liebscher:
Many emotional and health problems can be caused by breasts that are larger than they should—for both men and women. People can experience significant discomfort and pain along with issues with their self image. In addition, large breasts can impair physical activity and the enjoyment of an active lifestyle. Fortunately, the pains and discomforts of having too large of breasts can be reduced with breast reduction surgery.
Breast reduction surgery may be covered by most insurances. The procedure is safe and overwhelmingly satisfying. The results are natural-looking and comfortable.
Video: Breast Reduction Surgery, Reduction Mammaplasty Explained
Watch this video interview with Dr. Greg Liebscher to learn the benefits and risks of having a breast reduction procedure:
Be informed about your procedure
Being your own advocate for safety and satisfying results is crucial. When you sit down to talk to your plastic surgeon about your procedure, be sure to ask detailed questions. Your properly preparing for and taking care of yourself after surgery is important to best assure positive outcomes.
Learn what a breast reduction procedure can do for you
To schedule a free and private consultation with Dr. Greg Liebscher, call 719-634-2503.


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Audrey Hepburn's Dress Gets Bucks at AuctionSaturday, December 9th, 2006
The little black dress that Audrey Hepburn wore in Breakfast at Tiffany's sells for big bucks at auction. Read on:
The little black dress that helped launch AUDREY HEPBURN and made jewelry house Tiffany's a household name was sold for a staggering $807,000 Tuesday in London.
Christie's auction house auctioned off the famous GIVENCHY gown worn by Audrey as she gazed longingly into the windows of the New York diamond boutique in the 1961 film, 'Breakfast at Tiffany's.' Auctioneers were hoping to get $138,000 at most for the frock and were thrilled by the giant bid. Proceeds will benefit India's City of Joy Aid.
Click on the link below to read the entire article:
Read more…
Audrey Hepburn Celebrity Charcoal
Audrey Hepburn Reel Icon Film Cell


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Boston Red Sox v New York Yankees
David Ortiz of the Boston Red Sox hits a second inning double against... NyhetsfotoAmerican league,Atlet,Baseboll - Sport,Basebollslag,Borough - stadsdel,Boston Red Sox,Bronx,David Ortiz,Horisontell,Idrottsarena,Major League Baseball,Second Inning,Sport,Staden New York,USA,Yankee StadiumPhotographer Jim McIsaacCollection: Getty Images Sport 2013 Jim McIsaacNEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 07: David Ortiz #34 of the Boston Red Sox hits a second inning double against the Boston Red Sox at Yankee Stadium on September 7, 2013 in the Bronx borough of New York City. The Red Sox defeated the Yankees 13-9. (Photo by Jim McIsaac/Getty Images)


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If you are looking for a vacation home, or want to start a business or retire in Nicaragua, then the Nicaragua Lifestyle Conference in Managua on May 15, 2013, is the conference you won't want to miss. It's a targeted, specific conference which focuses entirely on living in Nicaragua and what you need to know.
Relocating your life and business, obtaining the right visas, moving yourself offshore and what facts you have on hand before you make the move, will usually decide how successful your overseas moving plan will be. It's all about how much research and preparation you do beforehand. Whatever the reason you want to leave your native country, whether it be politics, economic factors, health care costs or just darn tired of the winter weather, there are still things you need to figure out before you start packing up your worldly possessions.
That's why we have created this Conference to give you all the facts follow your dreams to a life overseas. The lineup of the Nicaraguan Lifestyle Conference is one you do not want to miss out on. Want to get a great experience of Nicaragua at the same time? Sign up for our 12 Day Fact Finding Tour of Nicaragua, the ideal relocation tour for retirees and business people who are planning on moving to Nicaragua.
The keynote presentation will be by Mr. Mike Cobb, the CEO and Chairman of ECI Development. He has spoken at hundreds of these conferences abroad. He will present "The 15 Due Diligence Questions You Must Ask When Buying Property Overseas." You need to hear what he has to say before you think about signing a contract for that new beach house. Outside of your home country, laws and customs are different. It's a whole new world out there and he will tell you what you need to know before you buy.
If you are planning to retire in Nicaragua, live in Nicaragua, or do business there, you will want to hear Mr. Chale Espinosa's presentation about real estate investment. He has worked for Chase Manhattan Bank N.A. in Puerto Rico, Mexico, and New York, Citizens and Southern Bank (now owned by Bank of America) and Standard Chartered Bank Plc.
Mr. Sergio Corrales, attorney and partner of the law firm Garcia and Bodan in San Juan del Sur, will speak about navigating the Nicaraguan legal system. Each country has its own laws and Mr. Corrales presents the facts for Canadians and Americans future expats. Moving to a foreign country can often be quite a complicated process.
From Title Coordination Services (TCI), Ms. Maria Amanda Hurtado, will speak on using "… Your Head – Not Your Heart When Buying Your Overseas Retirement Home." She will tell you the facts you need to know once you've found that lovely beachfront dream home or Colonial manse. You have to be logical about that exciting moment when you've found the home of your dreams.
Also featured in our lineup is Arlen Perez, who is the Medical Tourism manager at the Metropolitano Vivian Pellas Hospital located in Managua. She will explain healthcare and medical tourism in Nicaragua. And did you know – the two main types of health insurance plans available to you in Nicaragua?
There are more of the experts in Nicaragua presenting that we're not going to mention here. It's going to be a fabulous lineup of presenters at this one day conference. There will be morning coffee and a great lunch prepared by the Hotel Contempo's French chef in residence. You will find plenty of expats, business people on hand to connect with at the Nicaragua Lifestyle Conference on May 15th. You will find the answers to any unanswered questions you might have. Each presentation is also followed by a Q&A session where you'll have the opportunity to get all the answers you need to know. This is the most focused conference on living in Nicaragua you'll find. You won't find another conference like this anywhere. Have a look at the Conference agenda to find out who else will be presenting here. Sign up for the Nicaragua Lifestyle Conference in Managua in May.


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Let There Be Light (film)
|Let There Be Light
Screenshot of the film
|Directed by
|John Huston
|Written by
|John Huston
Charles Kaufman (uncredited)
|Narrated by
|Walter Huston (uncredited)
Release dates
Running time
|58 minutes
|United States
Let There Be Light is a 1946 American documentary film directed by John Huston.
The film was the last in a series of three films directed by Huston while serving in the United States Army Signal Corps. This documentary film follows 75 U.S. soldiers who have sustained debilitating emotional trauma and depression. A series of scenes chronicles their entry into a psychiatric hospital, their treatment and eventual recovery. Some of the treatments involved then-new drugs and hypnosis, and the impression was given of miraculous cures, though the narration says that there will be continuing psychiatric care.[1]
Much of the filming was done at Edgewood State Hospital, Deer Park, Long Island, New York which between 1944 and 1946 was part of Mason General Hospital, a psychiatric hospital run by the United States War Department named for an Army doctor and general.
The film was controversial in its portrayal of shell-shocked soldiers from the war. "Twenty percent of our army casualties", the narrator says, "suffered psychoneurotic symptoms: a sense of impending disaster, hopelessness, fear, and isolation."[2] Apparently due to the potentially demoralizing effects the film might have on recruitment, it was subsequently banned by the Army after its production, although some pirated copies had been made. Military police once confiscated a print Huston was about to show friends at the Museum of Modern Art. The Army claimed it invaded the privacy of the soldiers involved, and the releases Huston had obtained were lost; the War Department refused to get new ones.[2] The release in the 1980s by Secretary of the Army Clifford Alexander, Jr. was attributed to his friend Jack Valenti who worked to get the ban lifted. The National Archives now sells and rents copies of the film, and as a government work it is freely copied.
The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival.[3]
In 2010, this film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[4][5]
The 2012 film The Master, written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, borrowed lines and themes from Let There Be Light, which was included as an extra on the DVD/Blu-ray releases of The Master.
Further Reading[edit]
- Simon Rothöhler: "Rückkehr des Verdrängten. Eine Mediengeschichte zu John Hustons Let There Be Light," in: Mittelweg 36, vol. 24, No 3, June/July 2015, pp. 4−18
- ^ Canby, Vincent (January 16, 1981), "'LET THERE BE LIGHT,' JOHN HUSTON VS. THE ARMY", New York Times, retrieved Sep 2010
- ^ a b Michael Kernan (Feb 12, 1981), "War Casualty, John Huston's 1945 Film Now Public", Washington Post
- ^ "Festival de Cannes: Let There Be Light". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
- ^ "'Empire Strikes Back' among 25 film registry picks". Retrieved 28 December 2010.
- ^ Barnes, Mike (28 December 2010). "'Empire Strikes Back,' 'Airplane!' Among 25 Movies Named to National Film Registry". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
External links[edit]
- Let There Be Light at the Internet Movie Database
- Kent Jones: ″To Tell the Truth. Let There Be Light," in: Reverse Shot. A different angle on moving images - past, present, and future, 22 June 2003
- Quentin Turnour: ″In the Waiting Room: John Huston′s Let There Be Light," in: Senses of Cinema 6, May 2000
- Let There Be Light at Rotten Tomatoes
- Bibliography of articles/books (via UC Berkeley)
- Entire film online from the United States Government's "FedFlix" collection at archive.org
- 1946 films
- English-language films
- Black-and-white films
- Films directed by John Huston
- Documentary films about mental health
- Documentary films about World War II
- American documentary films
- American films
- United States National Film Registry films
- 1940s documentary films
- Documentary films about veterans
- Screenplays by John Huston


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Police: Woman kidnapped after refusing to be man's prostitute
Christopher Perez charged with aggravated kidnapping
SAN ANTONIO - Police arrested a man accused of holding a woman at gunpoint for several hours because she refused to be his prostitute.
Christopher Perez, 28, is charged with aggravated kidnapping.
An arrest affidavit stated the victim wanted to make some extra money and was introduced to Perez through a friend.
Perez claimed to be a pimp, but the victim told police she had no interest in becoming a prostitute.
A day later, Perez picked up the woman and another friend and took them to his home.
According to the affidavit, the woman said she refused Perez's request and he became angry and locked her in his bathroom for seven hours.
The affidavit stated Perez let the woman leave in the morning, but refused to let her friend go, saying she was now his. The woman called police when she got home.
The affidavit stated that she also told investigators about Perez abusing other women at his home and about a website Perez said he was using to prostitute women.
Copyright 2012 by KSAT.com All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Simply Divine excels in unique hors d'oeuvres and offers exquisite presentation. Nothing but the freshest ingredients are used. We strive to individualize each menu. It is our goal to provide you with all the elements you need for an exceptional event that showcases your distinctive tastes. We have a reputation for the highest commitment to quality in every aspect of event preparation that we have earned through our consistent and constant attention to every detail. You can trust us to create a most special event customized to match your high standards of entertaining.
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Rocky Mountain Research Station Publications
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Articles, External Publications, and Special Reports
Prescribed fire, snag population dynamics, and avian nest site selection
Bagne, Karen E.; Purcell, Kathryn L.; Rotenberry, John T. 2008. Prescribed fire, snag population dynamics, and avian nest site selection. Forest Ecology and Management. 255: 99-105.
Snags are an important resource for a wide variety of organisms, including cavity-nesting birds. We documented snag attributes in a mixedconifer forest dominated by ponderosa pine in the Sierra Nevada, California where fire is being applied during spring. A total of 328 snags were monitored before and after fire on plots burned once, burned twice, or left unburned to assess the effects of prescribed fire on snag populations. The greatest loss of snags (7.1 snags ha-1 or 43%) followed the first introduction of fire after a long fire-free period. On plots burned a second time 21% of snags (3.6 snags ha-1) were lost, whereas 8% (1.4 snags ha-1) were lost on unburned control plots in the same time period. New snags replaced many of those lost reducing the net snag losses to 12% (2.0 ha-1) for plots burned once, and 3% (0.5 ha) for plots burned twice and unburned plots. We also examined snags used by cavity-nesting birds. Snags preferred for nesting were generally ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), larger diameter, and moderately decayed as compared to available snags. For monitored snags that met the preferred criteria, there was a net loss (1.7 snag ha-1 or 34%) after the first burn, while the loss of useable snags was less than 1 snag ha-1 following the second burn (15%) or on unburned controls (8%). We recommend protection of preferred snags, in particular large ponderosa pines, especially during primary fire applications on fire-suppressed landscapes.
Keywords: habitat selection, prescribed fire, breeding biology, Sierra Nevada, snags, cavity-nesting birds
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March 23, 2012
Schroon Lake Central School runners completing the Adirondack Half Marathon last fall were, from left, Dan Maisonville, Levi Williams and Caleb Maisonville.
Stories this photo appears in:
Adirondack Marathon adds event
Four-person relay now available
The Adirondack Marathon is growing. Race officials have announced the addition of a four-person relay to the race, which already features a two-person relay and full marathon along with a half marathon.
Use the comment form below to begin a discussion about this content.


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Prayers are in order for new Catholic Pope
The white smoke wafted through the damp air near St. Peter's Basilica as millions of the Catholic faithful celebrated the selection of their earthly spiritual father, the Pope. The leader of 1.2 billion Catholics should be in the prayers of every Christian.
The head of the Roman Church has a very public ministry with great private musings on where and how to lead so many.
Beset with various scandals and voices seeking contemporary change, Pope Francis will need every ounce of Holy Spirit anointing available to him.
From the meager beginnings of the New Testament church, the body of Christ has always had to deal with external forces seeking to "change" the church. St. Paul had his detractors and opposers, so the church, as early as 325 A.D., began to deal with major controversies that went to the heart of Christology and the very nature of God.
While the Gospel spread across the world, Bishops and the church at large sought to effectively preach the Gospel and hold to faithful apostolic doctrine. And to this day, many of the same issues still seek to water down the true Gospel of Jesus Christ.
This Pope will not inherit a church that does not wrestle with these issues as well. And this is why we should and must pray for him. There are some issues that are simply irreconcilable. Many would have us to recognize "two integrities" with regards to some of the more blatant issues in the Christian faith. But I for one hope and pray that the Catholic Church, with this new Pope, will hold to the "like precious faith once delivered to the saints."
We are asked, in Romans 13, to pray for secular leaders. Spiritual leaders are to be given "double honor" as Paul instructed. Of course one of the challenges is praying for those with whom we disagree. For non-Catholics, it may seem a bit of a stretch to pray for the Pope.
But in a time of great cultural pressure to divert from the faith, more than ever we should pray for the faithful to stay faithful. Jesus asked, in Luke 18," When the Son of man comes, will he find faith on the earth?" Not abstract faith or faith as to whether your car will start in cold weather, but saving, regenerative faith. This is the faith that leads to salvation and redemption.
The Church of God has and always will be challenged by external forces. The list of proclaimed heresies is long and varied. Ecumenical councils have been convened to address them and the challenges will not go away. The Church of England, The Catholic Church, a host of denominations in America is facing challenges that must be faced with clarity, determinative ecclesiastical will and fidelity to Scripture.
This Pope will face these challenges as well and especially from within his own ranks.
Faced with a growing number of American catholic politicians and judges that visibly and outspokenly oppose catholic doctrine, this pope will need resolve and spiritual insight to lead. Jesus prayed in John 17 for the church "to be one." This is something that seems impossible given the cultural and ecclesiastical infighting we see, but this is why Jesus Christ prayed the prayer as the High Priest of the church.
The call for oneness is so great that God in the flesh had to pray this prayer. I do not presume to know how this will happen but I am confident that it will before the return of the Lord. Will it be a small remnant, will there be a great world-wide revival or will the earth go through a devastating disaster before it will happen? No one can really answer this. And as Jesus said," No one knows the day or the hour."
But what we can do is pray for every faithful Christian to stay firmly on solid spiritual ground. It is my prayer that every Catholic be a devout catholic and hold to the moral compass revealed by their church. It is my prayer that the Word of God dwell in every Christian's heart richly and uncompromisingly.
There are many who do not agree with the Bishop of Rome's theology. But what we can agree on is that those in positions of great leadership need prayer. In fact, we would all benefit to pray, "Lord


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|Richling named Pharmacy director at Saint Francis
Grand Island, Neb. — Doug Richling, PharmD RP, has accepted the position of director of Pharmacy for Saint Francis Medical Center.
Richling has been part of the Saint Francis Pharmacy for 14 years, the last five years serving as the pharmacy supervisor. During his tenure, Richling has worked to expand his role and responsibilities within our organization as evidenced by accepting the project lead for our new patient tower move, Lean Six Sigma team projects and efforts to increase our clinical pharmacy activities. He is currently continuing his academic credentials as he pursues completion of his MBA.
Prior to joining Saint Francis, Richling was a pharmacy manager at Wal-Mart in Norfolk. He and his wife, Pam, have six children and enjoy a variety of outdoor activities.
About Saint Francis Medical Center
Saint Francis Medical Center is a nonprofit faith-based hospital serving Central Nebraska with state-of-the-art healthcare services. A new patient tower was completed in 2007 with 159 acute-care patient rooms, including the Family Birthing Center, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Intensive Care Unit and a 10-bed inpatient rehabilitation unit. Saint Francis also operates a Cancer Treatment Center in Grand Island and Hastings, a Skilled Care Unit and an alcohol and drug treatment center.
About Catholic Health Initiatives
Saint Francis Medical Center is part of Catholic Health Initiatives (CHI), a national nonprofit health organization with headquarters in Englewood, Colo. The faith-based system operates in 19 states and includes 73 hospitals; 40 long-term care, assisted- and residential-living facilities; two community health-services organizations; two accredited nursing colleges; and home health agencies. In fiscal year 2011, CHI provided more than $612 million in charity care and community benefit, including services for the poor, free clinics, education and research. With annual operating revenues of approximately $9.6 billion, CHI is the nation's third-largest Catholic health care system.


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Maria visits with Dr. Woods, William and Tania have a meeting and the hit man fires a shot!
Gloria tells Eddie that they have to stop the hit! He sets her straight by telling her that she does not understand how these things work. She begs him, but he tells her that he couldn't do it even if he wanted to. Gloria then tells him that she has to warn Michelle so that she can leave the country or whatever. Eddie tells her that is out of the question! He tells her that Michelle is a dead woman�.and there is nothing that they can do. He gives her a few days off of work and instructs her not to say a word about this to anyone!
William tells Nikki that he needs to know if the baby is his. When she tells him yes, he wants to know if she was going to tell him. He tells her that he is in shock�.but that he is excited because he has always wanted to be a dad. Nikki jokes around a bit, but he informs her that just because he isn't going to drive around in a mini-van doesn't mean he won't be a good father. They agree that they need to discuss their relationship, but that both of them are happy. He also insists that his mother is going to be thrilled!
Maria is in her office when Bill�..her new temp stops in the introduce himself. He She tells him to make her an appointment with Dr. Woods. When he starts asking too many questions, she asks him if he has ever had a job before. He tells her no, and she insists that this is going to be a lot of fun! Carlos contacts Maria�.and informs her that he is with the customs agents right now. He tells her that he did find the information, but that he lost it because he has been in jail for a week�.because they found all of his passports and don't believe that he is on vacation.
Michelle tells Lexi that she is still a little disturbed by the painting. Suddenly a man backs into Lexi's chair�.but he apologizes and moves on. Michelle asks who that was, but Lexi says that she doesn't know. They continue to talk about the painting and then she informs Lexi that she ran into Lance. Lexi informs her that of course Lance would act like he understands�..because he still loves her! Lexi tells Michelle to focus on the other paintings of her�versus that one. She then tells her that Luke called and wanted to know if she would have lunch with her today.
Nigel stops by to give Luke the invoices for the show. The income for the night was over $40,000. Nigel tells him that he needs more work�.now! Luke is totally surprised, but Nigel insists that this is only the beginning.
Maria tells Dr. Woods that Luke is truly gifted. She then tells him about the finale piece that he had. She insists that it was humiliating to her! She says that she doesn't want to see him make all of the same mistakes that she did (with all of the men) in her life. He then gets Maria to talk a little about her mother and what she would say about all of the men in her life. Maria tells her that she is tough�.and that she had to fight her mother for every bit of self confidence she has. She admits that she married Antonio for what he was and not who. He tells her that we all make mistakes. When he asks, Maria tells him that she can handle William Chandler��and everything would be perfect if Carlos would call back from the Caribbean. When he asks who Carlos is, she tells him time is up and rushes out.
Gloria tells Alec to play games while she searches for a way to located Michelle Miller. 411 gives her the number just listed for Michelle Miller Designs. When she calls, she gets the runaround from the answering service informing her that Michelle is not there right now. They refuse to give out her cell phone number even though Gloria insists that this is an emergency. Gloria gets frustrated and hangs up the phone.
William arrives to see Dr. Woods and find out how things went with Maria. He gives him the good news and the bad news. Good�.she is making regular appointments again. Bad�.she is not talking much about William. He tells William that there is something to do with a guy named Carlos, but he tells William he doesn't know any of the details. William hands him a check and leaves.
Luke shows up to Michelle at work. He tells her that he had to come see her and make sure that everything is ok. He apologizes again for the painting, and she promises to him that she is over it�.and that there were plenty other one's that she loved. Michelle looks at the phone and asks who keeps calling. Lexi informs her that some woman named Gloria keeps asking her for her cell phone number. Luke goes to answer the phone, but Michelle tells him not to. Michelle says that she has no idea why she would be calling her.
Tania sits alone at the bar when William suddenly walks in. She tells him that he is running a little late�.he tells her that his mother is quite the little matchmaker. Tania tells him that she knows that he is attracted to her and the two of them start to kiss. The next thing you know, William is getting dressed after having sex with Tania! He tells her that they should do lunch more often. Tania asks what he is going to tell Nikki about them. William leans in and kisses her and tells her that there is no �us�. He tells her that he is not going to tell Nikki about today or any other day, because he has no interests in upsetting the mother of his unborn child!
Bill cleaned Maria's office and color coded everything while she was gone. Maria tells him that she needs a personal trainer so that she can be ready for her photo shoot. She then shows him the newspaper with Luke's painting and asks how he would interpret that piece. He tells her that he equates the woman on the right with the woman in the mirror and that he obviously hates them both. Maria tells him that he is fired.
Michelle takes care of a few things before she and Luke head out to lunch. Luke is shocked to hear that William Chandler is the financer of her new business and tells her that she does not know what this guy is capable of. He tells her that he can help her and offers her his money that he made from the show. She tells him that William took a big risk by loaning the money, and he informs her that she took an even bigger risk by accepting it!
William has a meeting with an attorney at his house. He hands over evidence of Maria stealing from her company and from her son's trust fund. He asks William if Luke would testify against his own mother, and William informs him to leave that to him. William wants to know if this is enough to build a federal case against Maria and put her into custody. He tells him that it surely is if she is a flight risk. William informs him that he is just looking for long and overdue justice.
Gloria grabs Alec and rushes out�telling him that he has to go with her and that they will be back before he knows it. They get in the car and drive over to Michelle Miller Designs. Gloria pulls up as Luke and Michelle are walking out of the building. Gloria tells Alec that she will be right back and he gives her a kiss on the cheek. Gloria walks towards Michelle and Luke and Michelle can't believe that she is there. As Gloria nears them, the hit man aims his gun directly on Michelle. Gloria tries to talk to Michelle and tell her that yes, she was that kind of woman. Michelle tries to pass by her but Gloria keeps sidestepping her. Alec turns around in his seat to see what is going on. Gloria tells Michelle that she is so ashamed of what she has done. Michelle tells her that she should be for cheating with her husband. Gloria tries to tell her more when all of a sudden a gun fires. The screen goes black for a moment and you hear a female crying. The screen appears again with Luke looking up at the building.


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text: Association: Possessive love. Question: To what extent love is dangerous for me? General Meanings: Strength and Power – Bear in a dream most often goes as impetuous and brute force, which you should use with caution in order not to overshoot the target. Positively such a force, energy and perseverance can help you to handle with hard situations. Leadership and healing ability, strength for defense. Danger and Menace – The dream about…Continue reading →


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Résumé disponible en
Revendications disponible en
Description (Le texte OCR peut contenir des erreurs.)
Nov. 3, 1942. H SHEPHERD HEEL Patented Nov. 3, 1942 irs eras i. OFFICE 3 Claims.
This invention relates to foot wear and relates more particularly to heels for shoes, boots, slippers, etc. A general object of this invention is to provide simple, practical and very long wearing heels.
Another object of this invention is to provide novel heels embodying wear taking parts which may be shifted` or turned fromtime to time to present new or substantially unworn wearing surfaces. Heels usually. wear or run down very rapidly at their rear or outer edges, this uneven wearing usually being excelerated in the case of rubber heels, and the heels whether they be of leather, rubber or other material, usually require reconditioning or replacement at short intervals. The present invention overcomes this difficulty of the conventional heels, providing novel heels which are very long lived by reason of their advanceable or turnable wear taking parts.
Another object of this invention is to provide -as rubber, which may be shifted vor turned from time to time to present new wearing surfaces and thus greatly prolong their lives and which may be easily replaced after extensive use.
Another object of this invention is to provide heels of the character referred to having simple yet very eiiective and dependable means for retaining or securing the replaceable and turnable caps or wear taking members to the heel bodies.
Another object of the invention is to provide heels of the character mentioned having simple releasable means for retaining the turnable wear taking cap members in various rotative positions so that the members may be advanced or turned from time to time to evenly distribute the wear, which means is optional and may be cut off or otherwise removed if it is desired to have the cap members automatically turn or advance by the action resulting from thc regular use of the shoes.
A further object of this invention is to provide improved heels of the character referred to which are inexpensive to manufacture and easy to install or embody in the foot wear.
The various objects and features of my invention will be fully understood from the `following detailed description of a typical preferred form and application of the invention, throughout which description reference is made to the accompanying drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 is a fragmentary side elevation of a shoe ,showingr a typical form of the'heel offtheinven- LEO tion with the heel and adjacent part of the shoe in vertical cross secti0n. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary elevation of the under side of the shoe and heel. Fig. 3 is an enlarged elevation view of the under side of the heel apart from the shoe and Fig. 4 is a perspective View of the replaceable turnable yielding cap member.
The heels of the present invention may be` varied in construction, materials, design and mode of attachment to adapt them for use on foot wear of diiierent kinds. In the following detailed description I will describe the typical form of the invention illustrated in the drawing, it being understood that this disclosure is not to be construed as limiting or restricting the scope of the invention.
The heel provided by this invention may be said to comprise, generally, a heel body It), a detachable and turnable yielding pad or member I I and means I2 for removably and turnably securing the member I I to the heel body IQ.
The heel body I0 is adapted to be attached to the shoe S or embodied in the shoe either at the time of manufacture of the shoe or as a replacement for the original shoe heel following the fabrication of the shoe. The heel body I0 may be formed of any selected rather hard rigid material. In practice the body ID may be formed of laminated leather, a suitable thermo-plastic material, wood, or the like. The shape of the body I0, of course, depends to a large extent upon the shape and type of shoe S. As shown. the body I0 is of conventional design being rounded at its rear edge to present a curved surface I3 which conforms generally to the rear part of the shoe Sand having ilat generally parallel upper and lower sides.
In accordance with the invention a socket I4 is formed in the under side of the body It] to receive the pad or cap member II. The socket I4 is formed in the rear portion of the body I0 to be open at the rear end of the heelbody. As illustrated, the socketv I4 is cylindrical having a cylindrically curved side wal1 I5 which dies out at the opposite sides of the heel body I0 Where the curved body surface I3 merges with the side surfaces of the body. The rear surface I3 of the body I0 may be cylindrically curved and the socket wall I5 may be concentric with and may be of the same diameter of curvature as the surface I3 and the-wall I=5 may die out where the surface I3 merged-with the 'side surface of the body I 0. The upper wall of the socket I4 is preferably iiat and generally horizontal to be parallel withthe under side ofthe heel body I0,
-ient shock and jar absorbing element.
In the preferred construction the socket I4 is quite large in diameter to occupy the major portion of the heels under side and is located to leave but a small portion of the heel body I to present a lower surface at the forward part of the heel.
The heel body I0 may be tacked or nailed to the sole I6 of the shoe S. There may be vmarginal rows of nails I'I driven through the forward part of the heel body into the shoe sole structure. In accordance with the invention the upper wall of the socket I4 has a number of dimples or depressions I8. in size and shape. trated there are two annular rows of depressions I8, the rows being concentric with the socket wallv` I and the heel body surface I3. Nails I9 may The depressions I8 may be alike k In the particular case illusinvention the groove 2| is under cut, that is, its side walls flare or diverge upwardly and its mouth or entrance is restricted. As shown, the groove 2| has curved or concave side walls merging with a. concave upper wall so that it is practically cylindrical in transverse cross section with a restricted mouth or open lower side. It is to be understood that the groove 2| is continuous and substantially uniform in transverse cross section.
The ridge 22 is formed to fit or occupy the groove 2|. The ridge 22 is preferably of the same cross sectional shape as the groove 2| and is proportioned to rather closely fit the groove. The
In accordance with the invention the ridge 22 is formed of a combe driven through the body |0 fromthe socket I4 to assist in securing the body to the wall I6 and these nails may be located to have their heads or lower ends in the depressions I8. In the particular case illustrated there is` a nail III driven through the body I0 from each depression I8, it being understood that this is not always necessary-or desirable. When the nails I9 are driven through the body III from the depressions I8 the upper wall of the socket I4 is left smooth and without nail heads and hammer marks. Further, the depressions I8 provide a convenient means for spacing and locating the nails I9.
The member II is a, replaceable wear taking element and in most instances is a yielding resil- The member I I occupies the socket I4 so that its lower surface forms the principal active portion of the under side of the heel. In the preferred construction the member I I is designed and proportioned to t the socket I4 being a substantially disc-shaped member having a cylindrically curved `periphery which is adapted to fit against the cylindrically curved wall I5. The member II preferably has a flat smooth upper surface for bearing on the upper wall cf the socket I4 and its lowerY surface may be substantially horizontal to lie flush with the under side of the heel body II'I.
'v-The lower face of the member II may have any selected type of nish, design, pattern or tread. The replaceable and turnable heel member I| may be formed of different materials. In most instances it will be preferred to form the member `II of rubber, rubber composition, synthetic rubber, or material of this character combined with 'or reenforced by fabric.
The member II may be quite soft or yielding to be effective in absorbing the jars and shocks usually accompanying walking. The member II is a simple, inexpensive, one-piece element and forms a ush continuation of the heel body I0 when in the active position. In this connection it will be observed that the periphery 2 of the member II may lie flush with and may form an even continuation of the rear surface I3 of the heel body Il).A
The means I2 removably and turnably secures the member II to the heel body I0. The -means I2 comprises a groove 2| in the upper wall of the socket I4 and a tongue or ridge 22 on the upper side of the member II for cooperating with the groove. The groove 2| is circular or annular and is preferably concentric with the sockshape or cross section. In accordance with the pressible resilient material. Where the member is formed of rubber, rubber composition, synthetic rubber, or the like, the ridge 22 is formed integral with the member. The compressible resilient ridge 22 is adapted to be forced into and out of the groove 2|. In attaching the member I| to the body III the member II is first centrally located in the socket I4 and is then pressed or hammered, or both, to cause the ridge 22 to enter the groove. 'Ihe rounded or flared major portion of the ridge 22 is compressed as the ridge is forced into the groove 2| and following its passage through the restricted mouth of the groove expands to occupy or fill the flared upper part of the groove. This secures or keys the member I I to the heel body I0. While the ridge 22rather closely fits the groove 2| as above described, the fit is not so tight that the member II cannot turn. The flared ridge 22 engaged in the under cut groove 2| securely and dependably attaches the member II to the body I0 and yet allows the member to turn' with respect to the heel body. The large diametered ridge 22 engaged in the groove 2| keys or secures the member to the heel body I0 along or adjacent the edge portions of the member assuring a dependable connection.
When the member II is to be removed or detached it is pried from the body I0 to pull or disengage the ridge 22 from the groove 2|. The prying action may be'started at one point by a suitable tool engaged between the body I0 and the member I I and when the ridge 22 has started from the groove 2| the member may be readily pulled free. The attaching ridge 22 engaged in the groove 2| allows the upper side of the member II to flatly and evenly bear on the upper wallof the socket I4 so that the member has full or ample bearing on the body I0. spaced depressions I8 reduce the total area 0f engagement between the upper side of the member and the body IIJ and thus increases the shock absorbing and jar absorbing capacity of the member II. When the wearers weight is applied to the heel the yielding resilient material of the member II may extend or bulge into the depressions I8 increasing the give or compression of the member II. The depressions I8 are distributed or spaced throughout the upper face of the member and greatly increase the resiliency and yieldability of the member.
The means I2 further includes an optional and removable structure for releasably holding the member II in selected rotative positions. .The -uper side of the member I I is provided with one or more cogs, lugs or buttons 23 for cooperating with the depressions |8. In the form of the invention illustrated there is a single projection of button 23 on the upper side of the member The button 23 is preferably yieldable and resillent. Where the member I I is formed of rubber, rubber composition, synthetic rubber, or the like, the button 23 may be an integral part of the member. The button 23 is preferably, though not necessarily, spaced outwardly beyond the ridge 22 to cooperate with the outer row of depressions I8. The button 23 is formed or shaped to fit the depressions I8. Thus in the construction illustrated the button 23 is partially spherical or dome-like to fit the concave or partially spherical depressions I8. The engagement of the button 23 in a depression I8 operates to hold the member II against turning. When it is desired to advance or turn the member I I to present a new or unworn surface at the wearing part of the heel assembly, the member II is forcibly turned so that the button 23 is forced out of its depression I8. When the member II turns the button 23 engages in the next depression I8 or an adjacent depression to again hold the member II against rotation. In the event it is desired to have the member II automatically advance or turn the button 23 is ground olf, cut off or otherwise removed to leave the upper side of the membar II plain. In some cases it may be desired to provide or manufacture members I I with buttons 23 and members II without buttons 23 to meet the demand for both types.
It is believed that the utility and practicability of the heel provided by this invention will be readily understood from the foregoing detailed description. The heel body I0 is readily applied to the shoe either at the time of manufacture or as a replacement heel body. Following the application of the body I0 to the shoe the member II is secured to the body. This is done as described above by forcing the tongue 22 into the undercut groove 2 I. Where the member I I is provided with the button 23 it is turned and brought to a position where the button engages in one of the depressions I8 to hold the membe against turning. The upper side of the member I I bears on the upper wall of the socket I4 and the ridge 22 engaging in the groove 2| retains the member in this position. When the member II is formed of rubber, or the like, it constitutes an effective jar and shock absorbing cap for the heel. The spaced dimples or depressions I8 opposing the upper side of the member I I make the member Il more yielding and resilient. After extensive use the rear under surface parts of the member I I may be worn or run down. The member I I is then turned to bring a new or substantially unworn under surface part to the rear of the heel. The member I I may be forcibly turned to disengage the button 23 from its depression I8 and the button engages in another depression to retain the member II in the new position. The heel is thus conditioned for further use.
The member II may be turned from time to time to present new wearing surfaces thus giving the member I I and the heel generally a very long effective life. With extended use the member I I may become worn down throughout its circumference. In this case the member I I may be pried free and replaced by a new member I I. The forward part of the body I0 which is exposed at the under side of the heel receives but little Wear and the heel body may receive several replacement members II before it is excessively Worn. If it is desired to have the member II turn automatically as the wearer walks the button 23 is not employed or if the button is formed on the member I I it is ground 01T or otherwise removed. The member II engaged in the socket It is dependably supported against dislodging forces and has little or no tendency to warp. The continuous bulged ridge 22 engaged in the under cut groove 2| of large diameter dependably retains the member in place.
Having described only a typical preferred form and application of my invention, I do not wish to be limited or restricted to the specific details herein set forth, but wish to reserve to myself any variations or modifications that may appear to those skilled in the art or fall Within the scope of the following claims.
Having described my invention, I claim:
1. A heel of the character described comprising a body, the under side of the'body having a circular undercut groove and spaced depressions, a yielding turnable cap member on the under side of the body covering the depressions, a circular ridge on the upper side of the member shiftably fitting the groove to turnably retain the member on the body, and a button on the member engageable in the depressions to hold the member in selected rotative positions.
2. A heel comprising a heel body having a socket in its under side, the upper Wall of the socket having a curved undercut groove and spaced depressions, a cap member in the socket, a curved flaring ridge on the member engaged in the groove to turnably secure the member to the body, and a button on the member engageable with the depressions to hold the member in different rotative positions.
3. A heel comprising a heel body having a socket in its .under side, the upper wall of the socket having ya curved undercut groove and spaced depressions, a yielding resilient cap member, a curved ridge on the member adapted to be forced into the groove to removably and turnably secure the member in the socket, and a button on the member cooperable with the depressions to releasably hold the member in selected rotative positions.
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Ice expected Tuesday morning
No one will ever accuse this winter of being a quitter.
Following Saturday's high of 72 and Monday's light snow and sleet, icy drizzle is forecast for Durham Tuesday morning, creating slick spots on bridges and overpasses, according to the National Weather Service.
A weather winter advisory continues until noon.
"I would say that is not unheard of, but it's getting pretty late in the season [for ice]," Nick Petro, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service at N.C. State University in Raleigh, said.
Petro said freezing drizzle could make this morning's commute dicey, with up to one-tenth inch of ice on bridges, cars, trees, road signs and power lines.
But unlike two weeks ago when thousands of Durham residents lost electricity, that's not expected this time, Petro said.
The freezing drizzle forecast for this morning differs from sleet, he said. That's because it falls as liquid and freezes on contact, but sleet hits the ground as ice and usually bounces off pavement.
A trace amount of snow and less than one-quarter inch of sleet fell Monday at the Raleigh-Durham International Airport, sticking on cars and grass and creating slush on roads. That could produce "black ice" this morning when the slush freezes, Petro said.
Tuesday's high is expected in the 40s, about 20 degrees below normal.
Wednesday's forecast calls for showers, with a high in the mid- to upper 50s.
A warming trend kicks in Thursday and Friday, with sunny skies and highs of 65 and 68, respectively.
The weekend outlook is for a chance of rain and highs near 70.
But the whiplash syndrome returns Monday, with a sharp drop in temperatures as a cold air mass blows in.


text:
This week Luca teams up with Sean Rioux to show off some music making applications as well as a controller for the iPad and iPhone. If you're thinking about getting into making music on your iOS devices, this is a must watch.
We chat about, and show off:
Rockmate for iPad
The iRig Midi
The Korg iMS-20 Application
The Alesis DM Dock
Akai SynthStation49
GarageBand for iPad
The iPad Camera Kit
A video podcast dedicated to the Apple lifestyle. The hosts focus on everything you need to know about the iPhone, iPad, and entire Mac lineup, as well as popular applications, and tech to help you live your life in a modern age.


text:
Will Canton Come Calling? Best Outside Linebackers Not in Pro Football Hall of Fame
by JW Nix
Of the 19 linebackers who are currently inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, just nine played outside linebacker. That includes Ricky Jackson, who is part of the newly annointed 2010 Induction ... Read More »
Crazy Canton Cuts: Jim Tyrer
by JW Nix
Jim Tyrer 6'6" 280 Offensive Tackle Kansas City Chiefs 1961-1974 14 Seasons 194 Games Played 9 Pro Bowls 6 First-Team All-Pro AFL All-Time Team James Efflo Tyrer was drafted in the ... Read More »
This NFL Week Separates the Contenders from the Pretenders
by JW Nix
Tampa Bay Buccaneers @ Atlanta Falcons The Bucs are an ugly football team right now, and are led by a coach who appears clueless and out of his league... Read More »
Luv Ya Blue Is Something You Should Do
by JW Nix
Pittsburgh Steelers @ Kansas City Chiefs The Chiefs come into this game missing two players that they expected to be their top offensive players this season in running back Larry Johnson and wide re... Read More »
The Almost All-Time Tennessee Titans Offense
by JW Nix
Before they were the Titans, they were the Houston Oilers. Bud Adams started the franchise in 1960 with the fledgling American Football League. Adams put together an excellent team fast, some with har... Read More »


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Science Keywords>SUN-EARTH INTERACTIONS>SOLAR ACTIVITY>SOLAR IRRADIANCE
OMI/Aura Level 1B Solar Irradiances V003 (OML1BIRR) at GES DISCEntry ID: GES_DISC_OML1BIRR_V003
Abstract: The Level-1B (L1B) Radiance Product OML1BIRR (Version-3) from the Aura-OMI is now available (http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/OMI/oml1birr_v003.shtml) to public from the NASA GSFC Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC).
The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), an ultraviolet-visible imaging spectrometer was launched aboard the EOS-Aura satellite on July 15, ... 2004(1:38 pm equator crossing time, ascending mode). OMI with its 2600 km viewing swath width (60 cross track and about 1650 along track pixels) provides almost daily global coverage. OMI is a contribution of the Netherlands Space Office (NSO) in collaboration with Finish Meteorological Institute (FMI), to the US EOS-Aura Mission. The principal investigator's (Dr. Pieternel Levelt) institute is the KNMI (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute). OMI is designed to monitor stratospheric and tropospheric ozone, clouds, aerosols and smoke from biomass burning, SO2 from volcanic eruptions, and key tropospheric pollutants (HCHO and NO2) and ozone depleting gases (OClO and BrO).
(The shortname for this OMI Level-1B Product is OML1BIRR)
The lead algorithm scientists for this product is Dr. Marcel Dobber from the KNMI.
OMI calibrated and geolocated radiances for the UV and Visible channels, spectral irradiances, calibration measurements, and all derived geophysical atmospheric products are archived at the NASA Goddard DAAC.
The OMI Level 1B Solar Irradiance Product OML1BIRR contains spectral measurements of the solar irradiances from UV1 (264-311 nm; 159 channels), UV2 (307-383 nm, 557 channels) and VIS (349-504 nm,751 channels) detectors.
OMI makes solar irradiance measurements indirectly using a diffuser. Each solar observation consists of multiple measurements at different solar elevation angles. This product provides average of the individual measurements made along track to average out the solar elevation dependent BRDF features of the diffuser.
OML1BIRR files are stored in EOS Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS 2.4) which is based on HDF4. The radiance for the earth measurements (also referred as signal) and its precision are stored as a 16 bit mantissa and an 8-bit exponent. The signal can be computed using the equation: signal = signal_mantissa x 10 exponent . For the precision, the same exponent is used as for the signal.
Related URL
Geographic Coverage
Spatial coordinates
Data Set Citation
Dataset Originator/Creator: OMI SIPS
Dataset Title: OMI/Aura Level 1B Solar Irradiances
Dataset Series Name: OML1BIRR
Dataset Release Date: 2007
Dataset Release Place: Greenbelt, MD, USA
Dataset Publisher: Goddard Space Flight Center Distributed Active Archive Center (GSFC DAAC)
Version: 003
Data Presentation Form: Digital Science DataOnline Resource: http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/datacollection/OML1BIRR_V003.html
Temporal Coverage
Start Date: 2004-10-01
Location Keywords
Data Resolution
Temporal Resolution: Approx 1 hour (day time orbit)
Temporal Resolution Range: Hourly - < Daily
Science Keywords
ISO Topic Category
Quality The version 003 Level-1B product is the first public release. The
quality of this product is not fully validated yet.
Use Constraints This Level-1B Data set (version 003/first public release) is not fully
validated yet. Before using it in any publication please
contact algorithm team leads for the current known problems and
Ancillary Keywords
Data Set Progress
Originating Center
Data Center
Distribution Media: FTP
Distribution Size: Approx 0.2 MB per file
Distribution Format: HDF-EOS
Fees: None
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Contact Address:
KNMI P.O.Box 201
City: De Bilt
Province or State: AE
Postal Code: 3730
Country: NL
Role: DIF AUTHOR
Phone: 301-614-6558
Email: jennifer.c.wei at nasa.gov
Contact Address:
Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center Code 610.2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
City: Greenbelt
Province or State: MD
Postal Code: 20771
Country: USA
Ahmad, S. P., P. F. Levelt, P. K. Bhartia, E. Hilsenrath, G. W.
Leppelmeier,and J. E. Johnson, &Atmospheric Products from the
Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI)&, Proceedings of SPIE
conference on Earth Observing Systems VIII, San Diego,
... California, Aug 3-8, 2003.
Bhartia, P. K., P. F. Levelt, J. Tamminen, O. Torres, Recent results from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on EOS Aura, Proceedings of SPIE conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Clouds, Volume 6408, Si-Chee Tsay et al. (Ed.), 64080Y, Goa, India, Nov 28, 2006
Brinksma, E. J., K. F. Boersma, and P. F. Levelt, OMI-Validation
Requirements, May 16, 2003.
Dirksen, R., M.R. Dobber, R. Voors and P. Levelt, Pre-launch characterization of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument transfer function in the spectral domain, Appl. Optics, 2006, 45, no 17, 3972-3981 .
Dobber, M.R., R. Dirksen, P. Levelt, G.H.J. van den Oord, R. Voors, Q. Kleipool, G. Jaross, M. Kowalewski, E. Hilsenrath, G. Leppelmeier, J. de Vries, W. Dierssen and N. Rozemeijer, Ozone Monitoring Instrument calibration, IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 2006, Vol. 44, No. 5, 1209-1238, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.869987. http://www.knmi.nl/omi/documents/publications/2005-05_Applied_Optic...
Dobber, M.R., R. Dirksen, P. Levelt, G.H.J. van den Oord, R. Voors, Q. Kleipool, G. Jaross en M. Kowalewski, Ozone Monitoring Instrument in-flight performance and calibration, Proceedings SPIE Optical Systems Design 2005, 12-16 September 2005, Jena, Germany, 2006
Kowalewski, J.M.G., G.R. Jaross, R.P Cebula, S.L. Taylor, G.H.J. van den Oord, M.R. Dobber, R.J. Dirksen, Evaluation of OMI pre-launch radiometric calibration and on-orbit performance using in-flight data, Proceedings SPIE's Annual Meeting, San Diego (U.S.A.), 31 July - 4 August 2005, Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation. Earth observing systems X (vol. 5882).
Levelt, P.F., G.H.J. van den Oord, M.R. Dobber, A. Malkki, H. Visser, J. de Vries, P. Stammes, J. Lundell and H. Saari, The Ozone Monitoring Instrument, IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 2006, Vol. 44, No. 5, 1093-1101, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.872333.
Levelt, P.F., E. Hilsenrath, G.W. Leppelmeier, G.H.J. van den Oord, P.K. Bhartia, J. Tamminen, J.F. de Haan en J.P. Veefkind, Science Objectives of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 2006, Vol. 44, No. 5, 1199-1208, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.872336.
Levelt, P.F., J. P. Veefkind, R. H. M. Voors, and J. de Vries, &Instrument Description&, Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document: OMI Instrument, Level 0 - 1B processor, Calibration & Operations, P. F. Levelt (ed.), vol. I, ATBD-OMI-01, version 2, Aug. 2002.
Oord, G.H.J. van den, N.C. Rozemeijer, V. Schenkelaars, P.F. Levelt, M.R. Dobber, R.H.M. Voors, J. Claas, J. de Vries, M. ter Linden, C. De Haan and T. van den Berg, OMI level 0 to 1b processing and operational aspects, IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 2006, Vol. 44, No. 5, 1380-1397, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.872935.
Oord, G. H. J. van den, R. H. M. Voors, and J. de Vries, &The Level 0 to Level 1B processor for OMI radiance, irradiance and calibration data&, Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document: OMI Instrument, Level 0-1B processor, Calibration & Operations, P. F. Levelt (ed.), vol. I, ATBD-OMI-01, version 2, Aug. 2002.
Voors, R. H. M., M. R. Dobber, and R. J. Dirksen, & OMI Calibration and Characterisation&, Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document: OMI Instrument, Level 0 - 1B processor, Calibration & Operations, P. F. Levelt (ed.), vol. I, ATBD-OMI-01, version 2, Aug. 2002.
Vries, J. de, R.H.M. Voors, R.J. Dirksen, and M.R. Dobber, In-orbit performance of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, Proceedings SPIE Remote Sensing Europe conference, Bruges, Belgium, 19-22 September 2005
Schoeberl, M.R., A.R. Douglass, E. Hilsenrath, P.K. Bhartia, R. Beer, J.W. Waters, M.R. Gunson, L. Froidevaux, J.C. Gille, J.J. Barnett, P.F. Levelt and P. DeCola, Overview of the EOS aura mission, IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 2006, Vol. 44, No. 5, 1066-1074, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2005.861950.
Schoeberl, M.R., A.R. Douglass, E. Hilsenrath, P.K. Bhartia,
J. Barnett, J. Gille, R. Beer, M. Gunson, J. Waters,
P.F. Levelt,P. DeCola, &The EOS Aura Mission,& EOS,
Transactions, American Geophysical Union 85 , Number 18, 4 May
2004. [Preprint]
Extended Metadata Properties
(Click to view more)
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date: 2007-08-03
Last DIF Revision Date: 2015-06-03
Future DIF Review Date: 2015-01-01


text:
Christopher Columbus for a course in Latin
American history in the spring of 1988 and has since
brought the admiral to life several times. Most recently,
he has agreed to perform as Columbus for the "Heirs of
Columbus" Chautauqua program sponsored by the
Oregon and California Councils of the Humanities,
which will tour both states in the summer of 1992. Mr.
Monahan has immersed himself in the historical and
contemporary literature about the admiral and has even
travelled to Spain and Central America to enrich his
Mr. Monahan studied European history from 1971 to
1975 at the University of Iowa where he received his
bachelor's degree. He continued his historical studies
from 1975 through 1985 at the University of North
Carolina and West Virginia University, earning his
master's and doctorate. From 1982 to 1983, he was a
Fulbright Scholar in Paris. He is now associate professor
of history at Eastern Oregon State College in La Grande.
Mr. Monahan enclosed a letter to the Athenaeum
from Don Cristobal Colon regarding the intended topics
for his presentation. "I will discuss quite honestly, as
God hath commanded of all his servants, the challenges
and difficulties of my voyages, my efforts to bring God's
Word and the guidance of His Holy Church to the poor
savages whom I found living without grace in the
Indies, and my own errors as an inexperienced and
sometimes too trusting governor."
Don't miss this opportunity to dine with the man who
discovered the New World. Return the enclosed reservation slip if you wish to journey with us into the past.
Dinner will begin at 6:00 and the presentation will
follow at 7:00.


text:
Best Golf Shop St. Louis 2007 - Birdie Golf
11023 Manchester Road
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Though long dominated by rich WASPs with bad pants, golf continues to explode in popularity most notably among the young and the female. Birdie Golf caters to both in a tidy shop that could easily be mistaken for an upscale boutique. Gone are the tacky, shapeless outfits; in their place are trendy, well-crafted shirts in a spectrum of colors and flattering skirts and shorts. Accessories are the real treat here, from the Nicole Miller bags for golf gloves to the exquisite line of Ecco shoes and handcrafted sandals. And why stop at outfitting yourself when you can also accent your home with bathroom and kitchen accessories, cocktail glasses and barbecue wares? You'll pay a bit more for such luxuries, but you can always write a sweet IOU to your credit-card company on something you've picked out from Birdie Golf's selection of unique, gorgeous stationery.


text:
Laura Boyd was interviewed December 20, 2006 as part of the Women of the Oklahoma Legislature Oral History Project. Dr. Boyd was elected to the Oklahoma House of Representatives in 1992 and served through 1998. She represented House District 44 and was a member of the Democratic Party. She was also the Democratic nominee for Governor in 1998 and the Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor in 2004. She discusses how she entered the political arena, various campaigns, being a woman legislator, and efforts to pass the Ryan Luke law in 1996.
View Interview Transcript
Listen to Audio Excerpts
View Memorabilia
Copyright © Oklahoma State University All rights reserved | Stillwater, OK 74078 | 405.744.5000
Accessibility | Safety | Legal and Trademarks | Campus Map | Sitemap | Webmaster


text:
Jewel Kade has designed exclusive jewelry to benefit research, education and cures for breast cancer and cardiovascular disease. When you buy JC Cares pieces, 5% from the sale of each item goes directly to breast cancer research organization or to the American Heart Association. Furthermore, to ensure every woman has the chance to live life to the fullest, Jewel Kade is committed to causes that affect millions of women nationwide.
These charms have touched me personally; our health and that of our loved ones is what primarily gives meaning to our life!! My mother became a breast cancer survivor May 2011 and I feel such gratitude towards Jewel Kade for supporting survivors, family members and loved ones of those affected by these diseases. Jewel Kade cares!! Please, help us continue supporting the cause.
By the way, there are unique "Survivor" and "Courage" charms.
If you would like to know more information about JK Cares pieces, please contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com .
To browse the catalog and place an online order go to www.jewelkade.com/tamaralewis .
I would love to give you ideas and assist in the personalization of your jewel inspired dream!


text:
Saints' final dreams left in tatters
Posted: February 12, 2013|
St Ives were knocked out of the RFU Midlands Junior Vase semi-finals, going down 32-25 to Harbury.
The Saints got the opening score as Mel Jessop hit a good line to crash over, and the conversion and a penalty from skipper Jim Robinson made it 10-0.
Indiscipline from St Ives helped Harbury get their first try of the afternoon, and Ollie Bartlett was then sin-binned which allowed the visitors to capitalise to lead 19-10 at half time.
Harbury got the first score after the break to go 24-10 in front, but St Ives were given hope when Mickey Drake squeezed through a tight gap to touch down.
As St Ives chased the game, Harbury broke from their own 22 to increase their advantage to 29-17.
The game continued to be stretched and Drake cleverly passed to Robinson in space to cut the deficit, and his penalty made it 29-25 with 10 minutes remaining.
But with the last play of the game, the Harbury fly-half kicked a drop goal to cement their triumph.


text:
Why Do Mexis Like Wrought-Iron Fences?
By Gustavo Arellano
By R. Scott Moxley
By Alfonso Delgado
Women For: OC are Stitching and Bitching
By Courtney Hamilton
Santa Ana River Ready for Its Renaissance
By Joel Beers
By Peter Maguire
Can Tech Ruin the Kim Pham Murder Trial?
By Charles Lam
MLG Anaheim: This eSporting Life
By Charles Lam
To the friend we could always rely on for an impeccably timed but awesomely inappropriate joke: Goodbye to all that. You were the embodiment of Cards Against Humanity, even before we ever played that dirty card game together, carrying the torch of foul-mouthed outspoken friends who had come and gone before you. We're gonna miss you, Brooklyn. Thanks for the laughs. Keep it loud and vulgar on the other side.
Sponsor Content


text:
PB&J from Paris, Tennessee
will sponsor a Kids Area at the West Kentucky Boat & Outdoor
Show. They will have a variety of inflatables set up for kids to
play on. The Kids Area will be located on the Upper Level of the
CFSB Center.
About The Show Home
West Kentucky Boat &
Outdoor Show Sponsors
© 2003-2014 West Kentucky Boat & Outdoor Show. All Rights Reserved. Web services provided by
Kentucky Lake Productions, LLC. Visit
Kentucky Lake!