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My favorite column in MSDN Magazine is Test Run; it was originally focused on testing, but the author, James McCaffrey, has been focusing lately on topics revolving around numeric optimization and machine learning, presenting a variety of methods and approaches. I quite enjoy his work, with one minor gripe –his examples are all coded in C#, which in my opinion is really too bad, because the algorithms would gain much clarity if written in F# instead.
Back in June 2013, he published a piece on Amoeba Method Optimization using C#. I hadn't seen that approach before, and found it intriguing. I also found the C# code a bit too hairy for my feeble brain to follow, so I decided to rewrite it in F#.
In a nutshell, the Amoeba approach is a heuristic to find the minimum of a function. Its proper respectable name is the Nelder-Nead method. The reason it is also called the Amoeba method is because of the way the algorithm works: in its simple form, it starts from a triangle, the "Amoeba"; at each step, the Amoeba "probes" the value of 3 points in its neighborhood, and moves based on how much better the new points are. As a result, the triangle is iteratively updated, and behaves a bit like an Amoeba moving on a surface.
Before going into the actual details of the algorithm, here is how my final result looks like. You can find the entire code here on GitHub, with some usage examples in the Sample.fsx script file. Let's demo the code in action: in a script file, we load the Amoeba code, and use the same function the article does, the Rosenbrock function. We transform the function a bit, so that it takes a Point (an alias for an Array of floats, essentially a vector) as an input, and pass it to the solve function, with the domain where we want to search, in that case, [ –10.0; 10.0 ] for both x and y:
#load "Amoeba.fs"
open Amoeba
open Amoeba.Solver
let g (x:float) y =
100. * pown (y - x * x) 2 + pown (1. - x) 2
let testFunction (x:Point) =
g x.[0] x.[1]
solve Default [| (-10.,10.); (-10.,10.) |] testFunction 1000
Running this in the F# interactive window should produce the following:
val it : Solution = (0.0, [|1.0; 1.0|])
The algorithm properly identified that the minimum is 0, for a value of x = 1.0 and y = 1.0. Note that results may vary: this is a heuristic, which starts with a random initial amoeba, so each run could produce slightly different results, and might at times epically fail.
Tags: algorithms, F#, Optimization, Machine Learning, Heuristic, Amoeba, Nelder-Mead, Solver
Category: F# ∙ Machine Learning ∙ quantitative modeling ∙ Algorithms
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I got interested in the following question lately: given a data set of examples with some continuous-valued features and discrete classes, what's a good way to reduce the continuous features into a set of discrete values?
What makes this question interesting? One very specific reason is that some machine learning algorithms, like Decision Trees, require discrete features. As a result, potentially informative data has to be discarded. For example, consider the Titanic dataset: we know the age of passengers of the Titanic, or how much they paid for their ticket. To use these features, we would need to reduce them to a set of states, like "Old/Young" or "Cheap/Medium/Expensive" – but how can we determine what states are appropriate, and what values separate them?
More generally, it's easier to reason about a handful of cases than a continuous variable – and it's also more convenient computationally to represent information as a finite set states.
So how could we go about identifying a reasonable way to partition a continuous variable into a handful of informative, representative states?
In the context of a classification problem, what we are interested in is whether the states provide information with respect to the Classes we are trying to recognize. As far as I can tell from my cursory review of what's out there, the main approaches use either Chi-Square tests or Entropy to achieve that goal. I'll leave aside Chi-Square based approaches for today, and look into the Recursive Minimal Entropy Partitioning algorithm proposed by Fayyad & Irani in 1993.
The algorithm hinges on two key ideas:
The first part is classic: given a data set, split in two halves, based on whether the continuous value is above or below the "splitting value", and compute the gain in entropy. Out of all possibly splitting values, take the one that generates the best gain – and repeat in a recursive fashion.
Let's illustrate on an artificial example – our output can take 2 values, Yes or No, and we have one continuous-valued feature:
As is, the dataset has an Entropy of H = - 0.6 x Log (0.6) – 0.4 x Log (0.4) = 0.67 (5 examples, with 3/5 Yes, and 2/5 No).
The Continuous Feature takes 3 values: 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0, which leaves us with 2 possible splits: strictly less than 2, or strictly less than 3. Suppose we split on 2.0 – we would get 2 groups. Group 1 contains Examples where the Feature is less than 2:
The Entropy of Group 1 is H(g1) = - 1.0 x Log(1.0) = 0.0
Group 2 contains the rest of the examples:
The Entropy of Group 2 is H(g2) = - 0.33 x Log(0.33) – 0.66 x Log(0.66) = 0.63
Partitioning on 2.0 gives us a gain of H – 2/5 x H(g1) – 3/5 x H(g2) = 0.67 – 0.4 x 0.0 – 0.6 x 0.63 = 0.04. That split gives us additional information on the output, which seems intuitively correct, as one of the groups is now formed purely of "Yes". In a similar fashion, we can compute the information gain of splitting around the other possible value, 3.0, which would give us a gain of 0.67 – 0.6 x 0.63 – 0.4 x 0.69 = - 0.00: that split doesn't improve information, so we would use the first split (or, if we had multiple splits with positive gain, we would take the split leading to the largest gain).
So why not just recursively apply that procedure, and split our dataset until we cannot achieve information gain by splitting further? The issue is that we might end up with an artificially fine-grained partition, over-fitting the data.
Tags: Entropy, Machine Learning, F#, Discretization, Decision Tree
Category: F# ∙ Machine Learning ∙ quantitative modeling
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In our previous post, we began exploring Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) using Math.NET and F#, and showed how this linear algebra technique can be used to "extract" the core information of a dataset and construct a reduced version of the dataset with limited loss of information.
Today, we'll pursue our excursion in Chapter 14 of Machine Learning in Action, and look at how this can be used to build a collaborative recommendation engine. We'll follow the approach outlined by the book, starting first with a "naïve" approach, and then using an SVD-based approach.
We'll start from a slightly modified setup from last post, loosely inspired by the Netflix Prize. The full code for the example can be found here on GitHub.
In the early 2000s, Netflix had an interesting problem. Netflix's business model was simple: you would subscribe, and for a fixed fee you could watch as many movies from their catalog as you wanted. However, what happened was the following: users would watch all the movies they knew they wanted to watch, and after a while, they would run out of ideas – and rather than search for lesser-known movies, they would leave. As a result, Netflix launched a prize: if you could create a model that could provide users with good recommendations for new movies to watch, you could claim a $1,000,000 prize.
Obviously, we won't try to replicate the Netflix prize here, if only because the dataset was rather large; 500,000 users and 20,000 movies is a lot of data… We will instead work off a fake, simplified dataset that illustrates some of the key ideas behind collaborative recommendation engines, and how SVD can help in that context. For the sake of clarity, I'll be erring on the side of extra-verbose.
Our dataset consists of users and movies; a movie can be rated from 1 star (terrible) to 5 stars (awesome). We'll represent it with a Rating record type, associating a UserId, MovieId, and Rating:
type UserId = int
type MovieId = int
type Rating = { UserId:UserId; MovieId:MovieId; Rating:int }
To make our life simpler, and to be able to validate whether "it works", we'll imagine a world where only 3 types of movies exist, say, Action, Romance and Documentary – and where people have simple tastes: people either love Action and hate the rest, love Romance or hate the rest, or love Documentaries and hate the rest. We'll assume that we have only 12 movies in our catalog: 0 to 3 are Action, 4 to 7 Romance, and 8 to 11 Documentary.
Tags: F#, Machine Learning, Linear Algebra, Math.NET, SVD, Recommendation Engine
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Last Thursday, I gave a talk at the Bay.NET user group in Berkeley, introducing F# to C# developers. First off, I have to thank everybody who came – you guys were great, lots of good questions, nice energy, I had a fantastic time!
My goal was to highlight why I think F# is awesome, and of course this had to include a Type Provider demo, one of the most amazing features of F# 3.0. So I went ahead, and demoed Tomas Petricek's World Bank Type Provider, and Howard Mansell's R Type Provider – together. The promise of Type Providers is to enable information-rich programming; in this case, we get immediate access to a wealth of data over the internet, in one line of code, entirely discoverable by IntelliSense in Visual Studio - and we can use all the visualization arsenal of R to see what's going on. Pretty rad.
Rather than just dump the code, I thought it would be fun to turn that demo into a video. The result is a 7 minutes clip, with only minor editing (a few cuts, and I sped up the video x3 because the main point here isn't how terrible my typing skills are). I think it's largely self-explanatory, the only points that are worth commenting upon are:
That's it! Let me know what you think, and if you have comments or questions.
Tags: F#, R, World Bank, Type Provider, Video, visualization
Category: F# ∙ quantitative modeling
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And the Journey converting "Machine Learning in Action" from Python to F# continues! Rather than following the order of the book, I decided to skip chapters 8 and 9, dedicated to regression methods (regression is something I spent a bit too much time doing in the past to be excited about it just right now), and go straight to Unsupervised Learning, which begins with the K-means clustering algorithm.
So what is clustering about?
In a nutshell, clustering focuses on the following question: given a set of observations, can the computer figure out a way to classify them into "meaningful groups"? The major difference with Classification methods is that in clustering, the Categories / Groups are initially unknown: it's the algorithm's job to figure out sensible ways to group items into Clusters, all by itself (hence the word "unsupervised").
Chapter 10 covers 2 clustering algorithms, k-means , and bisecting k-means. We'll discuss only the first one today.
The underlying idea behind the k-means algorithm is to identify k "representative archetypes" (k being a user input), the Centroids. The algorithm proceeds iteratively:
When things go well, we end up with k stable Centroids (minimal modification of Centroids do not change the Clusters), and Clusters contain Observations that are similar, because they are all close to the same Centroid (The wikipedia page for the algorithm provides a nice graphical representation).
The Python implementation proposed in the book is both very procedural and deals with Observations that are vectors. I thought it would be interesting to take a different approach, focused on functions instead. The current implementation is likely to change when I get into bisecting k-means, but should remain similar in spirit. Note also that I have given no focus to performance – this is my take on the easiest thing that would work.
The entire code can be found here on GitHub.
Here is how I approached the problem. First, rather than restricting ourselves to vectors, suppose we want to deal with any generic type. Looking at the pseudo-code above, we need a few functions to implement the algorithm:
Let's create these 3 functions:
// the Distance between 2 observations 'a is a float
// It also better be positive - left to the implementer
type Distance<'a> = 'a -> 'a -> float
// CentroidsFactory, given a dataset,
// should generate n Centroids
type CentroidsFactory<'a> = 'a seq -> int -> 'a seq
// Given a Centroid and observations in a Cluster,
// create an updated Centroid
type ToCentroid<'a> = 'a -> 'a seq -> 'a
We can now define a function which, given a set of Centroids, will return the index of the closest Centroid to an Observation, as well as the distance from the Centroid to the Observation:
// Returns the index of and distance to the
// Centroid closest to observation
let closest (dist: Distance<'a>) centroids (obs: 'a) =
|> Seq.mapi (fun i c -> (i, dist c obs))
|> Seq.minBy (fun (i, d) -> d)
Finally, we'll go for the laziest possible way to generate k initial Centroids, by picking up k random observations from our dataset:
// Picks k random observations as initial centroids
// (this is very lazy, even tolerates duplicates)
let randomCentroids<'a> (rng: System.Random)
(sample: 'a seq)
k =
let size = Seq.length sample
seq { for i in 1 .. k do
let pick = Seq.nth (rng.Next(size)) sample
yield pick }
Tags: F#, Machine Learning, Clustering, K-Means
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text:
*image shown is 5 x 8 or larger rug
*smaller sizes will not show complete pattern, will be scaled down to fit.
Rating: 4.00
Read 1 Review >>
Name: Chic 1007 Area Rugs
Manufacturer: Surya
Collection: Chic
Material: polyacrylic
Construction: Hand Tufted
Colors: Pink/Rose , Whites
Origin: China
Description: Here is a composition of rugs that is sure to inspire and motivate today's highly educated and designer savvy youth. This collection is the embodiment of fresh color, graphic pattern, and bold statement. These high quality, hand-tufted pieces are low maintenance and stain resistant to withstand even the toughest of customers. (Chi Collection Chic CHI1007 Pink Contemporary Floral Butterfly Area Rug)
Other Related Patterns You Will

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Leadership Outcomes
The Global Leadership Center strives to develop internationally-minded, locally-engaged leaders in all walks of life.
Taking a hands-on approach to leadership training, the GLC engages students in five internationally-focused leadership projects over the course of two years. These projects are designed in such a way that over the course of those two years GLC students are exposed to and develop those leadership skills demanded by an increasingly globalized world. Rather than reading about leadership, students are engaged in a problem- and project-based learning environment that encourages the development and appreciation of those leadership skills.
GLC Leadership Skill, Knowledge, and Attitude Sets include (but are not limited to):
- Global perspective
- Understanding of the social responsibilities of individuals and organizations
- Understanding of global commercial issues
- Understanding of global communication issues
- Understanding of global political issues
- Understanding of global religious issues
- Understanding of global cultural issues
- Self awareness and self appraisal
- Clarified values
- Knowledge of current international events
- International communication skills
- International negotiation skills
- Critical thinking skills
- Creativity skills
- Clear and logical oral communication skills
- Clear and logical written communication skills
- Scholarly research skills
- Project documentation skills
- Ability to define problems and projects
- Ability to determine where needed information can be located
- Ability to apply information to concrete, real-world situations
- Teamwork skills, especially the ability to work in multidisciplinary teams
- Ability to use Informational Technology (IT) effectively and efficiently
- Presentation skills
- General business skills
- Ability in group problem solving
- Ability for collaboration
- Tolerance for ambiguity
- Personal flexibility
- Poise
- Professionalism
- Confidence
- Ethical awareness & action
- Holistic, multidisciplinary, integrated approach to problems
- Enhanced self-esteem
- Independence
- Satisfying and productive lifestyle
- Appreciation of diversity (differences and commonalities)
- Relationship to local and global community
- Spiritual awareness
- Time management
- Willingness to take risks
- Goal setting
- Creativity
- Motivation
- Trust


text:
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text:
January 2006
View or download the PDF version
of this Alert.
On December 16, 2005, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network ("FinCEN")
of the United States Department of the Treasury issued a final regulation
that implements the customer due diligence obligations under Section 312
of the USA PATRIOT Act applicable to banks, broker dealers and certain other
U.S. financial institutions in respect of any foreign correspondent and
foreign private banking accounts that they maintain (the "Final Regulation").
FinCEN also issued a proposed regulation related to Section 312 that requires
enhanced due diligence for correspondent accounts maintained for certain
foreign banks (the "Proposed Regulation").
While the Final Regulation does not materially alter much of the existing
anti-money laundering ("AML") "best practices" that many U.S. financial
institutions have followed over the last four years in conducting due diligence
in respect of their non-U.S. correspondent bank and non-U.S. private banking
customers, we believe that the compliance functions of U.S. financial institutions
should carefully review their institution's existing AML policies and procedures
and update them, as appropriate, to ensure that they are fully consistent
with the strictures of the new Final Regulation.
The Final Regulation and Proposed Regulation are summarized below.
Under the Final Regulation, the following U.S. "financial institutions"
must conduct general due diligence in respect of correspondent accounts
for foreign financial institution customers and general and enhanced due
diligence in respect of private banking customers: (i) banking institutions,
including U.S. branches and agencies of foreign banks; (ii) securities broker-dealers;
(iii) futures commission merchants and introducing brokers in commodities;
and (iv) mutual funds.
The Final Regulation broadly defines a "correspondent account" as an
account that has been established at a U.S. financial institution by a foreign
financial institution to receive deposits from or to make payments or other
distributions on behalf of, the foreign financial institution, or to handle
other financial transactions related to such foreign financial institution.
The following foreign institutions that maintain a correspondent account
with a U.S. financial institution are deemed to be "financial institutions"
for purposes of the Final Regulation: (i) a foreign bank; (ii) a foreign
branch of a U.S. bank; (iii) a business organized under a foreign law that,
if in the United States, would be a U.S. securities broker-dealer, futures
commission merchant, or mutual fund; and (iv) a money transmitter or currency
exchanger organized under foreign law.
At minimum, the U.S. financial institution must conduct the following
general due diligence in respect of any foreign financial institution that
maintains a correspondent account at the U.S. institution:
The Final Regulation also guides U.S. financial institutions in determining
the risks posed by a correspondent relationship by outlining several risk
factors to be considered by U.S. institutions as appropriate.
The Final Regulation requires U.S. financial institutions to establish
and maintain a general due diligence program for "private banking accounts."
A "private banking account" is defined in the Final Regulation as an account
that: (1) is maintained for one or more non-U.S. persons; (2) requires a
minimum aggregate deposit of funds or other assets of not less than $1,000,000;
and (3) is assigned to a bank employee who serves as a liaison between the
financial institution and the non-U.S. person.
General Private Banking Due Diligence Requirements
U.S. financial institutions' private banking accounts due diligence programs,
at a minimum, must:
Enhanced Private Banking Due Diligence Requirements
Under the Final Regulation, the U.S. financial institution must perform
enhanced due diligence of any private banking account that is maintained
for senior foreign political figures, their immediate family members, or
persons known to be close associates of such individuals. "Senior foreign
political figures" include all current and former senior officials in the
executive, legislative, administrative, military, or judicial branches of
a foreign government, a senior official of a major political party, and
a senior executive of a foreign government-owned commercial enterprise.
This definition also includes any corporation, business, or entity formed
for a senior foreign political figure. Additionally, this definition also
includes a senior foreign political figure's immediate family members, and
those who are known as close associates of the political figure.
The Final Regulation requires that a U.S. financial institution must
apply enhanced scrutiny to private banking accounts maintained by senior
foreign political figures. Enhanced scrutiny must detect and report transactions
that may involve the proceeds of foreign corruption.
U.S. financial institutions covered by the Final Regulation have until
April 4, 2006 to establish and apply the due diligence requirements to new
foreign correspondent and foreign private bank accounts. For existing accounts
established before April 4, 2006, U.S. financial institutions covered by
the Final Regulation have until October 2, 2006 to comply.
Section 312 requires U.S. financial institutions to apply enhanced due
diligence when establishing or maintaining a correspondent account on behalf
of foreign banks that are operating:
With regard to the correspondent accounts, Section 312 requires U.S.
financial institutions to:
The original proposed regulation issued in 2002 created an exception
to the enhanced due diligence requirement. It specifically excluded foreign
banks operating under an offshore banking license that were branches of
banks licensed in a jurisdiction where one or more banks were subject to
comprehensive supervision or regulation on a consolidated basis from enhanced
due diligence requirements. However, the Proposed Regulation allows U.S.
financial institutions to have some flexibility in applying the enhanced
due diligence procedures on a risk-assessed basis by shaping the enhanced
due diligence to the risks connected with the particular account.
This Alert was written by
Carl A. Fornaris and
Beth A. Patterson in the
Miami office. Please contact Mr. Fornaris at 305-579-0626, Ms. Patterson
at 305-579-0610 or your Greenberg Traurig liaison with any questions regarding
the subject matter of this Alert.
© 2006 Greenberg Traurig
Additional Information:
For more information, please review our Financial Institutions Practice
description, or feel free to contact one of our attorneys.
This GT ALERT is issued for informational purposes only and is not intended
to be construed or used as general legal advice. Greenberg Traurig attorneys provide
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text:
IRS at a Glance
News and updates about the IRS and new tax information.
Monthly Archive for November, 2010
Weatherize your home and be rewarded for your effort
Homeowners making energy-saving improvements this fall can cut their winter heating bills and also lower their 2010 tax bill. Last year's Recovery Act expanded two home energy tax credits: the non-business energy property credit and the residential energy efficient property credit. [Read More]


text:
Just as video killed the radio star, now Netflix is killing the video store. And I most certainly do not feel fine about this.
Don't get me wrong. I love Netflix in some ways. I recently enrolled in their "program" and have been immersed in a steady stream of semi-current movies. In the evenings when I run out of tasks to do (which happens frequently) and am too tired to read a book, I'll frequently find myself scrolling through their selection of films, trying to decide whether I feel more like watching Doogie Howser (aka Neil Patrick Harris) eat shrooms and drive around the South in Harold and Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay or witness the latest "terrible" comic book adaptation in The Last Airbender. Shudder.
It's cheap (around $8 a month) and it's easy as pie. In fact I was so complacent in my video watching that I almost missed a short article in the Globe and Mail one weekend announcing the imminent closure of Videomatica – a signature video dealer in Kits. Videomatic was known far and wide as the place to go to get the movies you couldn't find anywhere else. Their selection was extensive – so extensive in fact – that apparently a decent portion of their collection will likely be preserved – hopefully by Herman Wosk (of the Wosk Centre) simply because it can't really be replicated anywhere else. It was harder to miss a recent article that game out today in the Vancouver Sun proclaiming the close 146 Blockbuster stores across the country. The demise of both Blockbuster and Videomatica tell a sad story of the gradual demise of the video store.
I have my own neighbourhood version of Videomatica. It's called Black Dog Video. There are many things that endear Black Dog Video to me. Here are some of the reasons:
1. The dudes that work their are chill, helpful and "educated" in the subject of good films
2. Their mascot is a black dog
3. They publish a wicked by-monthly newsletter that gives me great tips for what I should be watching and makes me chuckle out loud about what I shouldn't be watching.
4. You get paw prints each time you rent a movie
5. They are dog friendly and even have tasty treats for your mutt should you bring them into the store
6. Their selection is extensive. They carry all sorts of terrific foreign films that you'd never see at a glitzed up Blockbuster
7. Their shop is close by to Vera's burgers and the Liquor Store – sort of a one stop shop for a movie night
8. If you have ridiculous late fees you may find (some of them) forgiven
9. They aren't a chain (well, they have 2 locations so they sort of are, but you know what I mean)
10. They are known far and wide in the community.
Black Dog, like hundreds of other small video stores around the province, is in danger of going out of business in the coming years thanks to the growing power and consumer buy in of content-on-demand being led by companies like Netflix. They have a difficult time competing, both in price and convenience. If they do disappear, they are likely to leave a big gap in our communities and take with them the opportunity to discover a film we might never had considered searching for or might never have found without a friendly recommendation from a staff member.
This could be a real tragedy, both for Black Dog community lovers and film buffs. While the selection of Netflix is likely to continue to expand and be augmented by other on-demand sites, there's something to be said about the corporeal existence the old way of picking a film. Like the movie theatres, there is something special about going to the movie store, browsing the titles and heading home in anticipation that would be missing by just punching a bunch of buttons. I guess we'll soon see whether this "certain special something" is enough to compete with cheaper prices and more convenience. I hope so, but I suspect not.


text: It's no secret that the St. Louis Rams are doing their homework on Auburn offensive tackle Greg Robinson. He's the most frequent choice for the team in mock draft across the internet, and it lines up nicely with the report that the team conducted a formal interview with him at the Combine. On Tuesday, the Rams took another opportunity to meet with Robinson at Auburn's pro day.


text: I think a littlebit about AES, the AES-Engine of the VIA CPUs and the bad bad boys. I can still remember that someone told me that openBSD use AES but I can't remember clearly for what (swap oder crypto-hdd with svnd). Let's think about a littlebit: What will happen if someone buy not only 1 "VIA-C3-Motherboard"? He buys 20 oder 50.. And what will happen if he rewrite 'john' a littlebit to play with oBSD and the AES-Engine? I think that's a realistic "worst case". So what's about Twofish? Twofish is faster as Blowfish and also useable for swap/crypto-userland and even the login or ipSEC. http://www.schneier.com/twofish-performance.html Am I too paranoid or is such a attach against AES realistic? :-/ I hope there some guys out there with much more know how about cryptography. And think also about the guys from the nsa (and other) too. Such organisations could buy tousends of the VIA-Boards and let them run in a cluster. But what's about Twofish in OpenBSD? :-)


text:
added: 14 Dec 2011 // by: Music-News.com Newsdesk
Paris Jackson is pleased she got the 'chance to be normal'.
The 13-year-old is the daughter of one of the most famous pop stars in the world, the late Michael Jackson.
However, no one knew what she looked like when she was a young child, because Michael famously covered his children's faces with masks.
Paris confessed she wasn't happy with the routine at the time, but in hindsight she is glad she had her privacy.
"When I came to Buckley [her school] they didn't know who I was," Paris said in her first ever solo interview on Ellen DeGeneres' TV show. "I was like, 'Yes, I have a chance to be normal.'"
Paris is now set to become a star in her own right as she has embarked on an acting career.
She will make her debut feature film appearance in the film Lundon's Bridge and the Three Keys.
Paris revealed that her dad inspired her to begin acting.
"My dad was in the movie Moonwalker and I knew he could sing really well but I didn't know he could act," she explained. "I saw that and I said, 'Wow, I want to be just like him.'"
Michael died when Paris was just 11. But she still remembers all the guidance he gave her.
"He said, 'If I die tomorrow always remember what I told you.' I took his advice and I remembered everything he told me," she smiled.
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text:
|Pin It
Sewing Pattern, Megan Nielsen, Rie Dress & Top
Sewing pattern for this tunic dress or top. It is a loose fitting dress, that is free flowing from above the bust - which makes it unbelievably versatile. It can be belted or worn loose - and since it's made with jersey it works equally well for pregnant and non-pregnant women
Your pattern envelope includes the full size pattern (covering sizes XS to XL and top and tunic dress variations) and the instruction booklet with detailed directions to help you construct this incredibly useful garment.


text:
TVS – BMW first motorcycle launch by 2015/16
TVS is India's fourth largest two wheeler manufacturer, after Hero, Honda and Bajaj. Last year, they announced a partnership with German motorcycle maker, BMW Motorrad, which would see them develop motorcycles in the 250-500 cc segment. It's been more than a year since the announcement and still there has been no concrete information as to what the first motorcycle would be under this Indo-German umbrella.
Chennai based TVS Motors have been falling behind rivals Hero, Honda and Bajaj over the years. Their only 150+cc motorcycle on offer, Apache was launched back in 2007. The need of the hour is to launch new products, which will be able to compete with the likes of upcoming bikes – Duke 390, KTM RC200, KTM RC390, Hero HX250R, Honda CBR300R, Honda CBR 250R, Yamaha R25, Ninja 300, Ninja 250, etc. This deal with BMW is expected to give them the much needed technological edge, which will prove beneficial for them to launch competitive products in the market.
TVS did give us a glimpse of their future, when they revealed the Draken Concept at the 2014 Delhi Auto Expo. Many motorcycle enthusiasts were impressed with the design. Draken was a 250 cc concept with 4 valve DOHC engine. Output from the engine was impressive at 38.50 bhp and 23 Nm torque, with a claimed mileage of 33.3 kmpl. TVS never stated that this bike was developed in association with BMW Motorrad, but the chances are high. Whatever the case be, the future looks bright for motorcycle riders in India.
Source Autocar India
Sagar Patel
Email - [email protected]


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- Willamette
- Athletics
- News Archive
- 2008
- April
- Bearcats and Bruins Rained Out in Men's Tennis
Men's Tennis | Monday, April 7, 2008
Bearcats and Bruins Rained Out in Men's Tennis
NEWBERG, ORE. -- For the second time in three days, the Willamette University versus George Fox University men's tennis teams were unable to play a Northwest Conference match due to rain. The match, originally set for Saturday, April 5 in Newberg, Ore., was rained out over the weekend and was rescheduled for Monday, April 7. On Monday, the rain returned, once again preventing the Bearcats and the Bruins from playing. No make-up date has bee determined.


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Alamo Colleges
The Alamo Colleges are dedicated to providing accessible and affordable higher education for all. Our five colleges fulfill this promise with a vast array of courses and two-year degrees — more than 425 associate degree and certificate programs.
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Trolley guide knows his Art Walk
When James Riebeling isn't in class or studying for a class at San Antonio College you will most likely find him dabbling in the art world. This is pretty funny because James says he was an art major for "about a day and a half." James, 22, is a dual major in English and Speech […] [Read More]


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MMA News
Will GSP Enter The Cage Tomorrow Night To Challenge Diaz vs. Condit Winner?
If he has it his way, he will not…
"I think it's disrespectful (to get into the cage). When a guy wins, I think it's his moment of glory and I don't want to overshadow that. He wins, he deserves that moment. I don't like to be there. I don't like confrontation. But I know it's necessary for the promotion of the sports. The UFC, they force us to do it sometimes. They love it. I'll go with the flow."
GSP tells Neil Davidson from the Canadian Press that he is not one to try and rain on anyone's parade and the thought of entering the cage to challenge tomorrow night's UFC 143 main event winner is not appealing to him.
However, the UFC is already pushing the Diaz vs. GSP matchup, and if Diaz wins expect the welterweight champion to be forced to go in and challenge the interim champ to a unification bout.
If Condit wins, the challenge will lack fireworks, but GSP in the cage with the outspoken, harsh and often rude Diaz may be worth the price of admission all by itself.
Click here for the latest UFC 143 coverage provided by BJPENN.COM
26 Responses to "Will GSP Enter The Cage Tomorrow Night To Challenge Diaz vs. Condit Winner?"
HAHAA – Nick might assault him right there in the cage, and rogan better not step in or brother nate may have to handle business –
Strikeforce brawl, cant forget it, GSP dont want none homie!
im thinkin rogan knows how take care of himself…lol.
gsp and rogan v the diaz bros…lol
I've seen some of Rogan's skills and Nate could be in for a surprise…
Would be even more interesting if 'ol Eddie Bravo were still "cage side", lol 😉
hahaha! That would be so bad but so entertaining as well!
Why would Rogan step in against his weed smoking homies?Rogan smokes to ya know
Good point on the brawl, probably won't be the best idea actually!
Yes and he will say "I am not that impressed by your performance tonight". Just like he told Matt Hughes.
lol, someone needs to post that video
" I am not impressed by your performance" –
But than nick will punch him in the face!
I hope he doesn't. Why would the champ have to go into the cage to challenge the challenger? That would be just stupid and I agree with what GSP is saying.
He should have Mayhem go into the cage for him…..can't see anything wrong with that.
Like ^
LOL that would be so funny if Mayhem sucker punched Diaz in a GSP disguise.
I want to see that! Make it so Dana!
C'MON NICK! wanna see GSP vs. Diaz so bad!!!
HAHA says the man who famously told Matt Hews ' I'm not impressed with your performance' after his win 😀
LOL! good point
I very much doubt he will get in the cage if Diaz wins. Would be surprising to me, given his self-proclaimed fear of "confrontation".
Though, if on the other hand Condit is to win, Georges may very well go shake his hand, congratulate him, and make nice.
GSP should smack Nick Diaz in the mouth with his Canadian pimp cane.
If he enters the octagon he will need
a translator who speaks "209"
WARR DIAZ ftw.
GSP will need a translator who
Speaks "209" GO DIAZ
Man GSP go sit your a$$ down some where already. He isn't talking about coming back till November, you konw how much can happen before then. GSP is lame for even showing his face as much as he has. And if your gonna be showing your face talk some ish instead of that weenie canada trash talk… haha
Much respect to the Prodigy!
You sound like a homosexual. If your gay, not surprised. You probably have a "thing" for Diaz as much as Penn. Most gay men don't like GSP not sure why, but hey……….. nothing wrong with that "homie".
if its nick i hope he sticks gsp right in the dome lmfao
Pedro is a cocksmoker.
I hope he does especially if Nick wins, could make for some interesting drama.
The hypocrysy of Gsp is unbelievable."Its disrespectful to get in the cage when a guy wins".Really Gsp?I remember Gsp getting into the cage after Hughes won."I'm very glad you won that fight Matt.But er i was not impressed by your performance.I look forward to fighting you in the near future".Gsp is an asshole.He's so fake its unbelievable.
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Adobe Certified Instructor David Gassner brings AJAX developers deeper into the functions and features of AIR 1.5 used with Dreamweaver CS4.
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Wednesday, January 22, 2014
Kherrington Grace Dobes, daughter of Kristen Griebe Dobes and Chas Dobes, is three months old.
She was welcomed home by her "big brother" Cade, who is now around 19 months. This exciting news was recently given to us by grandmother Harriett Hill Whaley.
Audrey Hill Griebe and Steve Griebe of Hanahan and Ruth and John Dobes of Bonneau are grandparents. Great-grandparents are Harriet Hill Whaley of North Charleston, Jack Hill of Lebanon, and Lynn and Chuck Dobes of Chicago.
The late Julia C . Cross is great-great- grandmother.
Congratulations to all!
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Spell Check of sledding
Correct spelling: sledding
Common misspellings for sledding:
- sleding (84%)
- sleading (11%)
- sleeding (2%)
Examples of usage for sledding:
1) There was corn- popping, and bob- sledding with jingling bells behind a prancing team, with Imbert and Ida Mary sitting together as Imbert drove. "Land of the Burnt Thigh", , Edith Eudora Kohl.
2) That meant hard sledding for a while. "Left End Edwards", , Ralph Henry Barbour.


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Av. Paracas S/N • Paracas, • Peru • Map
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text: The Altamont Bad Clouds T-Shirt features circular cloud print at center with Altamont print. Triangle label at side. Thin and light. A 100% cotton t-shirt. Seamless graphic tag at neck. Available in colorways as seen below. Men's sizes: SM (34-36), MD (38-40), LG (42-44), XL (46-48) unless otherwise noted. Skate Warehouse shows all colors that we have in stock. In rare cases the logo or the color pictured may be slightly different than what is shipped. Model wears a medium.


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A baffle may conform to and be magnetically coupled to a body having a ferromagnetic component in proximity to the baffle. The baffle includes a first layer of a flexible thermally expansible baffle material which expands when subjected to an elevated temperature, and a second layer of a flexible magnetic material. The baffle may thereby be flexed to conform to an irregular or curved surface. In addition, the baffle may be preformed to provide an irregular or arcuate portion to conform to the body on which it is placed. The magnetic attachment facilitates attachment and removal without the need to provide holes in the body, and upon heating and expansion of the baffle, the baffle material expands to fill cavities and adhere to the inside wall surface of the body on which it is received.
1. A baffle for magnetic attachment to a body and subsequent thermally induced expansion comprising:
a first layer of flexible thermally expansible baffle material; and
a second layer of flexible magnetic material in laminated relationship to said first layer.
2. A baffle as set forth in
3. A baffle as set forth in
4. A baffle as set forth in
5. A baffle as set forth in
6. A baffle as set forth in
7. A baffle as set forth in
8. A baffle as set forth in
9. A baffle as set forth in
10. A baffle as set forth in
11. A baffle as set forth in
12. In combination:
a body including a ferromagnetic member; and
a baffle magnetically attached to said body proximate said ferromagnetic member, said baffle comprising a first layer of flexible, thermally expansible baffle material and a second layer of flexible magnetic material in laminated relationship to said first layer, said magnetic material being positioned between at least a part of said baffle material and said body.
13. The combination of
14. The combination as set forth in
15. The combination as set forth in
16. The combination as set forth in
17. The combination as set forth in
18. The combination as ste forth in
19. The combination as set forth in
20. The combination as set forth in
21. The combination as set forth in
22. The combination as set forth in
23. A method of providing a baffle on a body, comprising the steps of:
providing a body having a ferromagnetic component;
providing a baffle having a first layer of a flexible thermally expansible baffle material and a second layer of a flexible magnetic material in laminated relationship to said first layer;
magnetically attaching the baffle to the body in proximity to the ferromagnetic component whereby the baffle substantially conforms to the configuration of at least a part of the body; and
subjecting the baffle and the body to an elevated temperature, whereby the baffle material expands and adheres to the body around the magnetic material.
24. The combination as set forth in
25. The method of
26. The method of
1. Field of the Invention
This invention concerns baffle assemblies useful inside cavities or other open areas of metal structures wherein the baffle assembly may be readily temporarily held in place by magnetic attachment. More particularly, the present invention concerns a baffle assembly having a layer of flexible thermally expandible material and an adjacent layer of flexible magnetic material which permits the baffle to be made into a desired shape and temporarily held against a ferromagnetic metal prior to expansion.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of baffle assemblies in automobiles is well known to inhibit sound transmission through panels, pillars, rails and the like of a chassis or unibody structure. While rigid foam materials were initially employed in the cavities, it is now known to use thermally expansible baffle compositions which undergo heat induced expansion to expand in the cavity. Such heat activation may occur when the automobile is passed through a paint baking oven forming a part of the primer or paint curing step of the automobile manufacturing process. Various types of materials have been used, including the dry expansible sealant and baffle composition and product disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,266,133 and 5,373,027.
However, the thermally expansible baffle composition must typically be placed in a particular location within the cavity of the vehicle to be effective. After activation and expansion of the baffle composition, it readily conforms to the surrounding panels and adheres thereto, but prior to activation the composition must be at least temporarily held in place. This has required the use of a separate carrier or component on which the thermally expansible baffle composition is mounted, and which in turn is mounted on the vehicle. Examples disclosing various types of parts and components for retaining a baffle composition in place include those shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,506,025 and 5,806,915. These carriers attach to the expansible baffle composition, but require a hole in the surrounding structure for mounting. Such holes may therefore permit the intrusion of corrosion forming agents therethrough. In addition, primer and other coatings applied to the metal inhibit adhesive attachment.
There have also been developed mounts for insertion into a hollow space of a hollow structure such as a vehicle pillar, which mounts include an expandable foam substrate and at least one support panel secured to the substrate using a tack as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,024. The mount is then secured to the interior wall of the hollow space through either a clip, a magnet, or a suction disc. However, this construction uses a magnet to hold the support panel to the interior wall and not the expansible material itself. There have also been developed magnetized hot melt adhesive articles such as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,985,435, 4,427,481, 4,724,243 and 4,749,434 which are used to seal a gap or opening in an automobile part, which include thermoplastic resins, tackifiers and the like with magnetized particles to form an extruded mixture. However, these adhesive articles do not satisfy the needs hereof for an initially non-tacky expansible baffle composition.
Thus, there has developed a real need for a baffle composition which may be temporarily secured in place prior to activation, may conform to the surrounding structure prior to activation, is inexpensive to produce, and does not require holes through the structure.
These needs have largely been met by the expansible synthetic resin baffle with magnetic attachment of the present composition. That is to say, the baffle hereof is simple, inexpensive to manufacture, convenient to install, requires no additional mounting structure or holes in the wall of the structure forming the cavity, and may be cut or formed to a desired shape.
Broadly speaking, the baffle of the present invention is provided as adjacent layers of magnetic material and expansible baffle material. The layers may be co-extruded to form the baffle, or molded into layers. The expansible baffle material is preferably an initially non-tacky thermally expansible material which activates at a temperature preferably within the range of about 100� C. to about 200� C., and which is resilient and flexible prior to expansion. Such a baffle material is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,266,133 and 5,373,027, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The expansible material preferably expands to at least 300% and preferably 400% or more of its initial volume during baking. The baffle material may be provided as a relatively thin layer which may be conformed to irregular surfaces, or formed into a three dimensional part of a greater thickness which is pre-conformed to an irregular shape.
The magnetic material is in laminated relationship to the baffle material, whereby the baffle material and magnetic material is side-by-side. The magnetic material may be provided as strips which may cover all or only a portion of the baffle material. Further, the magnetic material is preferably flexible to conform to irregular shapes. The magnetic material may also be perforated to permit enhanced bonding between the baffle material and the wall of the structure after activation and cooling, thereby providing an enhanced bonding between the expanding baffle material and the structure. Advantageously, the magnetic material retains its position in proximity to the wall of the structure throughout the expansion period, and thus the magnetic attachment of the magnetic layer is unaffected by the expansion.
The baffle of the present invention is simple to install, and involves merely placement in a desired position and permitting the magnetic material to attach to the wall of the structure. The structure needs only some ferromagnetic material in sufficient proximity to the baffle to permit magnetic attraction, and thus its use includes not only application to steel and other ferromagnetic metals, but also to compositions with a ferromagnetic metal backing or core. Because no adhesive or holes are required, there is no problem with reapplying or repositioning the baffle. The baffle's application is not limited to automotive uses, but may include placement in marine environments as well as in appliances or the like where sound deadening is desired. These and other advantages will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art with reference to the drawings and description which follow.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an automobile chassis showing some possible placements for the baffle hereof;
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross sectional view of one embodiment of the baffle hereof prior to placement in a cavity showing both the layer of baffle material and the layer of magnetic material in a substantially flat orientation;
FIG. 3 is a vertical cross sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 2 after placement on the interior of a wall of a structural member prior to expansion;
FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 3 showing the baffle within the structural member after expansion;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of another embodiment of the baffle prior to expansion showing the use of two parallel and spaced strips of magnetic material located beneath a block of the baffle material, the strips being shown in broken lines;
FIG. 6 is atop plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 5 after activation and expansion of the baffle material;
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a fourth embodiment of the baffle hereof, showing the use of a perforated strip of magnetic material located beneath the block of baffle material and shown in dotted lines, the perforated strip having its perimeter relatively inboard of the peripheral margin of the baffle material; and
FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the baffle hereof, wherein the magnetic material is provided as parallel strips magnetically attached to walls of the structural member oriented at right angles to one another, and the baffle material has a groove prior to expansion to facilitate folding and conformance to the walls.
Referring now to the drawing, an automobile body 10 is one structure which may receive the expansible synthetic resin baffle with magnetic attachment 12 hereof. The body 10 includes a plurality of walls 14, rails 16, pillars 18 and channels 20 of steel or other ferromagnetic material which may receive the baffle 12 thereon or therein.
The baffle 12 includes a first layer 22 of baffle material 24 and a second layer 26 of magnetic material 28. The baffle material 24 is preferably a dry, flexible, initially non-tacky, thermally expansible sealant and baffle composition. Two examples of such baffle material are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,373,027 and as Sikabaffle by Sika Corporation of Madison Heights, Michigan, and in co-pending and allowed U.S. Application Ser. No. 09/407,820 filed Sep. 28, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,150,428 both assigned to the assignee hereof and the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
For example, a composition useful for preparing a sealant and baffle composition having the desired characteristics of the present invention includes a quantity of a grafted anhydride polymer, and an amount of polymer additive containing a terminal epoxide group which reacts with at least a part of the anhydride polymer when the component is heated to a temperature experienced by an automobile body cavity receiving the baffle material as the automobile body is conveyed through a conventional paint and/or primer bake oven forming a part of the automotive manufacturing operation, e.g. about 100� C. to about 200� C.. In addition, the baffle material 24 includes a suitable blowing agent which effects expansion of the baffle material 24 when the material 24 is subjected to heat during baking of the automobile body in the bake oven. Desirably, the baffle material 24 also includes a tackifier which imparts tackiness to the outer surface of the dry, initially non-tacky baffle material 24 as it expands when subjected to bake oven heat. The grafted anhydride polymer present in the baffle material 24, which functions somewhat in the manner of an adhesive when heated in the bake oven, increases the tackiness properties of the baffle material 24 as it undergoes expansion.
The grafted anhydride polymers useful in the present invention include ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene-n-butyl acrylate, ethylene-octane copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene-rubber, each grafted with an acid anhydride functionally; a preferred acid anhydride would be maleic anhydride. The grafted anhydride polymer is preferably present in the baffle material on a wt % basis of from about 10% to about 60%. A epoxide terminated polymer additive, such as solid Bisphenol A or F diglycidyl ether polymer (derived from Bisphenol A or Bisphenol F and epichlorhydrin) characterized by an epoxide equivalent greater than about 400, is preferably present in the composition on a wt % basis of from about 1% to 10%. The baffle material 24 is also provided with a blowing agent, selected from the group of a modified or unmodified azodicarbonamide, p,p′-oxybis(benzene-sulfonyl) hydrazide, p-toluene sulfonyl hyddrazide, and dinitroso pentamethylene tertamine, present in the baffle material 24 on a wt % basis of from about 1% to 10%. A filler polymer, such as, for example, ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene n-butyl acrylate, ethylene-octane copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, and ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer, is present on a wt % basis of from about 1% to about 50%. A rubber-like constituent may also be included in the baffle material 24, which is selected from, e.g., styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene isoprenet-styrene Block copolymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene Block copolymer, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene Block copolymer, styrene-ethlylene/propylene Block copolymer, nitrile rubber and chlorinated polyethylene is present on a wt % basis of from about 1 to 15. A molding and processing aid may be included in the baffle material 24, selected from the group including as paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax, polyamide wax, and natural wax, and may be present in an amount on a wt % basis of from about 1% to about 15%. A tackifier for enhancing tackiness of the baffle material 24 after activation may be provided and selected from a group of aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, aromatic hydrocarbon resins, aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbon resins, hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins, polyterpene resins, rosin ester resins, coumarone indene resins, α-methyl styrene resins and polystyrene resins, and is present on a wt % basis of from about 1% to about 15%. An inorganic or organic filler may be included in the baffle material 24 on a wt % basis of from about 1% to about 20%, and selected from the group of calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, silica, calcium sulfate, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, potassium aluminum silicate, calcium metasilicate, pumice, glass spheres, and organic fillers.
The baffle material 24 is preferably prepared by introducing the individual constituents into a conventional continuously operable machine such as a screw or reciprocating extruder or compounding machine. Where multiple inlets are presented on the extruding machine or the like, the constituents of the baffle material, except for the reactive agents, and including the blowing agent, are added at the first entrance port, and the reactive agents and the blowing agents are added at a downstream port. A nominal processing time is about 2 minutes. Upon emerging from the extruder, the baffle material may be cut into pellets for molding or co-extruded with the magnetic material.
The magnetic material 28 is preferably a flexible and conformable material which will readily attach to ferromagnetic surfaces. The magnetic material 28 may be provided as particles of barium ferrite which are oriented and embedded in nitrile rubber. An example of such magnetic material useful in accordance with the present invention is sold as Plastiform� 1033 by The Arnold Engineering Company of Marengo, Illinois. The Plastiform� 1033 material measured at 23� C. has an advertised elongation of 18% under ASTM D-412, flexibility sufficient to meet 180� bending on a mandrel equal to 7 times the sample thickness, maximum energy product (Bd Hd max) of 1.6 MGOe/12.7�103 kJ/m3, residual induction of 2500 Gauss/255 mT, and coercive force (pole-core hysteresigraph) of 2300 Oersteds/183 kA/m.
The baffle 12 may be formed in a variety of configurations. Initially, it may be appreciated that the baffle may be formed in co-extruded sheets with the baffle material 24 layered with the magnetic material 28. The thicknesses of the respective layers may be varied depending on the amount of magnetic attraction required and the volume of the area to be filled. As shown in FIG. 2, the baffle 12 is provided as a laminated sheet 30, with the baffle 12 being substantially flat and the thicknesses of the baffle material 24 and magnetic material 28 being relatively equal. The baffle 12 may also be formed by molding, whereby the magnetic material 28 may be introduced into a mold cavity and pellets of the baffle material 24 thereafter introduced, heated to a temperature in the range of about 80� C. to 100� C., and usually no more than about 120� C. It may thus be appreciated that the magnetic material 28 has a melting temperature in excess not only of the melting temperature of the baffle material 24, but also preferably above its activation temperature and the temperature encountered in the bake oven.
While the baffle 12 may be provided in sheet form 30 which is sufficiently flexible to conform to irregular shapes, it may be desirable to mold or extrude the baffle 12 into a pre-formed three-dimensional shape such as the embodiment of baffle 12 a shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Baffle 12 a may more readily attach to curved surfaces of a structural member, such as channel 32 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. As shown in FIG. 3, the channel 32 includes a lower panel 34 having an arcuate ridge 36, and an upper panel 38 configured to cap or cover the end legs 40 of the generally U shaped lower panel 34. The upper panel 38 is affixed to the lower panel 34 to define therein a cavity 42 into which a pre-configured baffle 12 a is placed. As may be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the magnetic material 28 and the baffle material 24 are formed to present a groove 44 complemental in configuration to the ridge 36 of the lower panel 34. The baffle material 24, while flexible, is typically more rigid than the magnetic material 28, and thus a thicker layer of the baffle material 24 will not only fill a larger cavity, but will also serve to retain the shape of the baffle 42. As shown in FIG. 4, upon heating of the cavity 40 to a sufficient activation temperature, typically about 110� C. to 190� C., the baffle material expands to block and seal a cross-section of the cavity 40.
Furthermore, as shown by the embodiment of the baffle 12 b of FIGS. 5 and 6, the baffle 12 b can be configured whereby the magnetic material 28 may be provided as strips 46 and 48 which are small than the overlying block 50 of the baffle material 24. The strips 46 and 48 are shown as positioned in substantially parallel and spaced-apart orientation, presenting a gap 52 therebetween and with the perimeter of each of the strips inboard of peripheral margin 56 of the block 50 to provide for adhesion by the baffle material 24 after activation between the perimeter 54 of the strips and the initial peripheral margin 56 of the block 50. This arrangement may be advantageous where only limited magnetic attachment may be needed to hold the baffle to the adjacent structure and where improved post-expansion adhesion is desired between the baffle material 24 and the body 10. As shown in FIG. 6, after expansion, the baffle material 24 expands substantially to adhere to the body 10 and provide an acoustical baffle.
FIG. 7 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the baffle 12 c, where a strip 58 of magnetic material 28 is perforated. Holes 60 enable the baffle material 24 of block 50 to flow therethrough for improved adhesion after activation.
FIG. 8 illustrates a further embodiment as baffle 12 d, wherein the baffle material 24 may be provided as a sheet 62 having an elongated groove 64 formed or cut therein to promote folding therealong, with the sheet 62 thus having panels 66 and 68 separated by the groove 64. The magnetic material 28 is provided in two separate members as spaced apart strips 70 and 72 and, as shown in FIG. 8, positioned between the panels 66 and 68 and the adjacent walls 74 and 76 of the body 10. Such an application may be particularly useful in applications such as the engine well of the body 10 shown in FIG. 1, where the baffle 12 d may be applied in sharp comers. Further, the groove 64 may be provided on the upper surface 78 of the sheet 62 away from the strips 70 and 72 as shown in FIG. 8 to facilitate placement on an inside corner, or the groove 64 may be provided on the bottom surface 80 of the sheet 62 which receives the strips 70 and 72 to facilitate mounting on an outside comer.
The baffle 12 of the present invention thus presents considerable flexibility in use. As shown, the magnetic material 28 itself is flexible to conform to the underlying wall surface and may be perforated to permit passage of the activated baffle material 24 therethrough. Sheets of the baffle 12 may be cut into desired shapes, such as with dies, to thereby permit placement of the baffle 12 into desired positions of complex configuration. The thickness of the baffle material 24 may be varied according to the volume of the cavity to be filled. In addition, the baffle 12 may be removed or repositioned at any time prior to bake-out without any adverse affects on the body 10. It may be readily appreciated that the use of the automobile body 10 is illustrative of the uses of the baffle 12 hereof, and not intended to be limiting.
Although preferred forms of the invention have been described above, it is to be recognized that such disclosure is by way of illustration only, and should not be utilized in a limiting sense in interpreting the scope of the present invention. Obvious modifications to the exemplary embodiments, as hereinabove set forth, could be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
The inventor hereby states his intent to rely on the Doctrine of Equivalents to determine and assess the reasonably fair scope of his invention as pertains to any apparatus not materially departing from but outside the literal scope of the invention as set out in the following claims.
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You know those moments when you see a pic of a celeb with like, a giant zit, and you think to yourself, "Hey, celebrities are regular people – just like me." Well this is NOT one of those moments. Kate Moss' crazy sometimes-boyfriend Pete Doherty is a notorious drug addict (crack, coke, heroin – the usual), and now it seems like he's gotten his kitties hooked on the stuff too. After his cat Dinger (which is junkie slang for syringe, apparently) had a litter of five kittens, one ended up sick. A blood test done by the veterinarian turned up – what else?! – cocaine in the cat's bloodstream. I know he's probably desperate for some pals to get high with, but animal cruelty is not the answer. Though it is kind of fun to imagine Pete making tiny straws out of gum wrappers for his kitties to use for snortin'. [SeriouslyOMG/Getty]
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With an emphasis on literacy, math and real-world science, Cooper students build a strong foundation in the core curriculum. To enhance student learning, specialists in music, art, and physical education work with students weekly. Below are additional programs and activities available at our school.
Click on a link to learn more.
- English Language Learner (ELL) Program
- Special Education Services
- Band
- Orchestra
- Student Council
- Youth Tutoring Youth (YTY)
English Language Learner (ELL) Program
Licensed ELL teachers provide classroom instruction and additional learning support for students who are non-native English speakers to ensure they acquire English proficiency.
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Special Education Services
The Sheboygan Area School District provides special education services for students who have been identified through an Individual Education Plan (IEP). Click here to learn more.
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Beginning band is open to all 5th grade students. We offer instruction on flute, oboe, clarinet, alto sax, trumpet, French horn, trombone, baritone and combined percussion. Students receive one twenty minute lesson and one thirty minute full rehearsal per week.
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The strings program is open to 5th grade students. Students who participate in the strings program attend a weekly, small group lesson that is scheduled before school or during the school day. Instruments available for study are the violin, viola, cello, and string bass.
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Student Council
The Cooper Student Council is open to all 4th and 5th grade students. The Council helps students develop leadership skills through a variety of school and community projects.
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Youth Tutoring Youth (YTY)
YTY is a program that brings high school students in to be tutors for students at Cooper.
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Reaching Out to Advance Excellence in Nursing Professionals
Considering a career in Nursing? Visit these websites for information which will help you with your decision.
School of Nursing Mission Statement
The mission of the Cleveland State University School of Nursing is to provide a high quality nursing education to a diverse population of students for the practice of professional nursing. The curricula seek to provide a foundation for quality nursing practice, leadership, and research, as well as prepare the professional nurse to engage in lifelong learning. The School's mission and philosophy share the University's mission of excellence in teaching, research and service.
These documents will assist you in planning your prerequisite coursework.
List of Undergraduate Program Prerequisites
Prerequisite Course Equivalencies for Community Colleges
Nursing Careers in the News
- AACN Data Confirm that Baccalaureate-Prepared Nurses Are More Likely to Secure Jobs
- American Association of Colleges of Nursing | Joint Statement on Academic Progression for Nursing Students and Graduates
- More Men Seeking Nursing Careers
- Ohio Nursing Workforce Update
- Tri-Council for Nursing Issues New Consensus Policy Statement on the Educational Advancement of Registered Nurses
- Washington Nurse Observes Teen Patients for Signs of Sex Trafficking


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Yanto Soegiarto
Two things members of the House of Representatives just won't stop from doing: building a new Rp 1.13 trillion luxurious office building, and making expensive comparison study trips abroad.
Nudirman Munir, a deputy chairman of the House's Ethics Council, made an outrageous remark! He said the decision to go ahead with the construction of the new building was simply based on an assessment that lawmakers needed more space as the current building was too cramped.
"We need to queue at the toilet to pee each time we have a meeting at 7 a.m.," Nudirman said, relentlessly defending his case.
He also said a new building would be an icon reflecting the state of the nation. "If the legislative building doesn't look good, the nation won't look good either. Just look at Cambodia, a poor country, but it has a beautiful parliament building," he argued.
Nudirman's boss, House Speaker Marzuki Alie, also decried public criticism, saying the objections did not represent the opinion of most people. Both Nudirman Munir and Marzuki Alie will surely go down in history.
Founding President Sukarno ordered the construction of the DPR building in the 1960s. It was built with idealism, as a symbol of the people's sovereignty. In the ensuing years, it witnessed many historical feats of the people in bringing about change and toppling a dictatorship.
Meanwhile, the design of the new building looks like an inverted U, which does not at all represent the Indonesian character. It is a copycat product of 16 similar parliament buildings found in France, China, Chile and elsewhere. The inverted U-shape has no philosophical value nor impression of a house built to accommodate the people's aspirations.
On another front, Nudirman defended the legislators' comparison study trips abroad as being of the utmost importance, otherwise lawmakers would resort to the 5 Ds, which stand for datang, duduk, diam, dengar and dapat duit (come, sit, quiet, listen and get money).
A former deputy chairman of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), Erry Riyana Hardjapamekas, was of the view that lawmakers don't have to spend all that money. The funds could be better used to promote education and build schools. He doubted that the overseas trips would bring much benefit.
If the legislators are serious about making comparison studies, they could work with international parliaments to get the information. Imagine, the total cost for nine lawmakers visiting the United States, Turkey, Russia and France reached Rp 4.5 billion. That included airfare, pocket money for the lawmakers, a lump sump for their accompanying secretaries, insurance and what is called representation funds for each member.
Despite all the criticism, the lawmakers remain defiant and ignorant. In Javanese philosophy, such an attitude is often described as kere munggah mbale Petruk dadi ratu. That refers to Petruk, one of the five loyal subordinates of the king in Javanese wayang shadow puppet plays, who rises from the lower ranks to become a rich ruler. But then he changes from a simple, humble, loyal and honest character to become an ignorant individual. He distances himself from the people and neglects ethics. Sounds kind of like our lawmakers, who portray themselves as powerful individuals, an exclusive class in society.


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Despite their famous status, the two athletes representing the U.S. in the women's 3m synchronized diving event seem incredibly down to earth.
Recently, I watched an NBC interview with the two girls, Kelci Bryant and Abby Johnston. What I liked aboutn them is unlike about 75 percent of people you might see on TV, they seemed like normal people.
In many ways, they can be considered celebrities because they are recognized by a number of people. When you think female celebrity, you usually think of someone who is all dolled up, perfect hair, makeup and nails.
But Bryant and Johnston looked like girls you might see on campus. They wore sports jackets, a little bit of lip gloss and one even wore a messy bun — my personal favorite choice of hairstyle for my 8 a.m. classes.
Not to say girls at MSU dress like slobs, but these girls looked casual and cute, far from the intimidating Barbie look-a-likes you might see in Hollywood.
They seemed like normal, modest girls, with an extremely large amount of talent. I feel like I could hang out with these girls if they lived in East Lansing and have a good time.
Even in the interview, they were humble about the large crowds of people in the stands cheering them on and seemed shocked so many people were there.
"Just like looking in the stands I was like, 'Abby I feel like a celebrity — all these people are here to watch us,'" Bryant said in the video.
The video continued to include clips of the girls' dives from the event and the moments as they waited for the results of Canada's dive — their competition for the silver. The girls were pacing, nervously laughing and everything a normal girl would do when waiting for a big announcement.
I think Bryant and Johnston are great examples of what an American girl has — or should have — to offer: modesty, talent and genuine heart.
Aside from this wonderful video, possibly the biggest gem of my Google searches today: Crazy Diving Faces, an array of really attractive diver facial expressions photographers managed to catch as the athletes hurled through the air.


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Preview: The Dolly Parton Story: Assembly Rooms
Posted: February 21, 2014|
A TWO-HOUR journey through the career of one of country music's most successful female singers Dolly Parton is being staged in the Darwin Suite of Derby Assembly Rooms on Friday, February 28.
Dolly Parton's career has spanned over 50 years and her most celebrated material features in this show, from her early country classics such as Coat of Many Colours and Joshua, through to her later smash hits such as Jolene, Islands in the Stream, and I Will Always Love You.
Andrea Pattison from Sunderland takes on the mantle of filling Dolly's high-heeled shoes. She has worked as professional singer for many years and in that time, people have often commented on her similarity in sound and style to Dolly Parton. As a lifelong fan of Dolly's, Andrea always took this as a huge compliment, then decided to use that aspect of her talent to reach a wider audience.
Now in its fourth year, this show has proved popular. Andrea is surrounded by a four-piece band who offer an authentic sound and an array of rhinestone-encrusted replica costumes.
As well as celebrating the life and music of Dolly Parton, Andrea has incorporated a small sample of her own experiences and music into the show with a song from her recently released debut album of original songs – Stormy's Daughter.
Dolly's influence on
Tickets for the Dolly Parton Story, which begins at 7.30pm, are priced £18. Call 01332 255800 or visit www.derbylive.co.uk.


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The 32-year-old marked just his second league start of the season against Plymouth on Saturday with a goal and hopes it may keep his name in the starting XI.
"I've wanted to play more but there are some very good players in the squad and the forwards have been scoring," he told BBC Radio Kent. "I've had to wait my time and played a few different positions. We've got such a strong squad, you can't expect to play every week.
"I want to play up front and thankfully I got a goal. I give the gaffer another option. He likes to change the team and give everyone a go. If I can score and do well when I come in then I might start the next one.
"You won't play in the side unless you are willing to work and work for each other. The team spirit and the work rate is there. It's a tough league and to win it, or certainly be up there, you certainly need that.
"All the signs are that we will have a successful season but we have to keep doing what we're doing."


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text: The perfect time to plant spring-blooming bulbs is right now. But with so many bulbs to choose from, which ones should you plant? Print Email Photo: Ralph Lee Anderson PagesPrevious 4 of 11 Next View All Snowflake Airy clouds of little white bells with a green dot at the end of each petal. Beautiful upright, silvery-green foliage. Good multiplier. Blooms early March. Related Links Instant Miniature Bulb Garden Colorful, Show-Stopping Tulips Daffodils: How to Plant 'em Like Mother Nature


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In the United States, 20 million women and 10 million men suffer from a clinically significant eating disorder at some time in their life, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or other eating disorder.
The National Eating Disorders Association has named the week of Sunday, Feb. 24 to Saturday, March 2 as National Eating Disorders Awareness Week (NEDAW) to educate and offer help to those who have eating disorders. The theme this year is "Everybody Knows Somebody."
During the week, several events are planned. On Monday, all the mirrors on campus will be covered and inside-out T-shirts will be made. The Art Show opens Monday evening in the University Center Lobby East at 6 p.m. with a real life Barbie unveiled.
Other events include:
· Monday through Friday, a healthy food bar will be an option in the Bear's Den.
· Monday through Thursday, from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Eating Disorder Screenings in the University Center Lobby and a "Nutritional Challenge" with Keenan Perry and Nursing Students will be in the Bear's Den.
· Tuesday, a Take It Off (Makeup) challenge all day and "How to Help a Friend" from 6 to 7 p.m. with Dr. Rhoni Maxwell-Rader in the University Center, Room 215.
· Wednesday, 6 to 7 p.m. "Body Image and the Media" Sara Yusko, residence coordinator at SSU, University Center, Room 215.
· Thursday, "Healthy Food Choices and Nutrition" from noon to 1 p.m. in the University Center, Room 214.
All the events are free and open to the public.
Eating disorders are real, complex, and devastating conditions that can have serious consequences for health and relationships. They are not a fad, phase or lifestyle choice. Eating disorders are serious, potentially life-threatening conditions that affect a person's emotional and physical health.
People struggling with an eating disorder need to seek professional help. The earlier a person with an eating disorder seeks treatment, the greater the likelihood of physical and emotional recovery.
Participate in NEDAW and learn more about eating disorders at https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/.


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"Bad Girls" is a music video and song by alternative dance musician M.I.A., and was released as the first single from her upcoming fourth studio album, following the digital release of a shorter version of the song appeared on her mixtape Vicki Leekx, released free online on December 31st 2010. The video for "Bad Girls" was directed
"Bad Girls" is a song by alternative dance musician M.I.A., and was released as the first single from her upcoming fourth studio album, following the digital release of a shorter version of the song appeared on her mixtape Vicki Leekx, released free online on December 31st 2010. The song is written by Maya "M.I.A." Arulpragasam, Marcella Araica and
Who has decided to ring in the new year with her latest mixtape? From who other than Sir Lankan rapper better known as M.I.A. whom releases her new Wikileaks-inspired mixtape, ViCKi LEEKX. She has dropped her latest free mixtape "Vicki Leekx", which is the follow-up to her debut 2004 mixtape Piracy Funds Terrorism, Volume 1. The
"Baby I Like It" is the debut single from JIVE's R&B/pop Singer-songwriter Kevin Cossom's upcoming debut studio album. The track features production from Danja, and American rappers Diddy & Fabolous. He is gearing up for the release of his yet untitled debut album which he describes as a direct reflection of who he is-some city
Hell Of A Life is the second single from T.I.'s re-release of Paper Trail: Case Closed EP. The track is produced by Jim Jonsin and elements of Danja. Paper Trail: Case Closed is a second extended play by hip hop artist T.I., released on August 28, 2009 only in United Kingdom. It was originally going to be released
"Work" is the fourth single produced by Danja from R&B singer Ciara. The song features Missy Elliott. It will be released as the second international single, making it the fourth overall single from the album. "Like a Surgeon" will be the third single. The music video was directed by Melina Matsoukas, and was filmed before
Ciara's latest album "Fantasy Ride" attempts to take the listeners through none other than a "Fantasy Ride". This album is Ciara's debut of her "Super C" which is here alter-ego that comes out when she's on stage and performing. Super C can be seen in the video "Go Girl". This album kicked off her first
"Knock You Down" is the fourth U.S. single from Keri Hilson's debut album, In a Perfect World… The track was written and produced by Danja and features Kanye West & Ne-Yo. Listen/Download: Keri Hilson feat. Kanye West & Ne-Yo – Knock You Down iTunes
Fantasy Ride / Ciara Fantasy Ride is the upcoming third studio album by American R&B/pop singer Ciara. LaFace Records, in collaboration with Zomba Label Group and Sony Music Entertainment will release the album in early 2009. Originally, Fantasy Ride was set to be released December 9, 2008. A promo single, "Go Girl", which features T-Pain,
Britney Spears' "Circus" available on iTunes NOW!! After the success of Britney's last album and after the fail of what was her 2007 VMAs Britney wants us to know that she's really back! With the release of Britney's new album it marks her Danja-named "Queen of Pop" with songs that ooze the best of Britney.
"Sober" is a song written by singer Pink, Nate "Danja" Hills, Kara DioGuardi and Marcella Ariaca and is the second single from her fifth studio album, Funhouse. The track was produced by Danja, Kanal and Jimmy Harry. Listen/Download:
"Kill The Lights" is a song performed by American Pop singer Britney Spears. The song was recorded for her upcoming sixth studio album Circus. The track is produced by Danja & Jim Beanz, and is written by Marcella Araica, Luke Boyd, Nathaniel Hills and James Washington. Lyrics for Britney Spears – Kill The Lights Listen/Download:
"Sober" is a song written by Pink and Tony Kanal of No Doubt. It will be released as the second single from Pink's forthcoming fifth studio album, Funhouse. The track was produced by Danja, Kanal and Jimmy Harry. Lyrics for P!nk – Sober Listen/Download:
Listening to the new Pussycat Dolls album Doll Domination you're not quite sure what to expect. You don't want to set your expectations too high, but you need to remember these are the girls who brought you "Don't Cha", and "Buttons" – so I don't know about you, but my bar is definitely set high
"Official Girl" is the first single from singer Cassie's second studio album, released on August 5, 2008. The single was produced by Danja and written by The Clutch, and featured southern-rapper Lil Wayne. Watch on YouTube!
"Official Girl" is the first single from Cassie . The official single (not remix) features Lil' Wayne . The jam of the summer was produced by Danja and written by The Clutch.
Cassie's official first single is Official Girl which features Lil' Wayne. The Danja produced track has been used for both Cassie and Karina Pasian. Which version do you prefer: Cassie's or Karina's? Cassie – Official Girl or.. Karina Pasian - Official Girl This Track or That Track: Cassie or Karina "Official Girl" Cassie's single Karina's
"Bad Girl" is a dance-pop song recorded by American R&B group Danity Kane, and official second single. It was written by Nathaniel Hills, Mary Brown, James Washington and Melissa Elliott and produced by Danja, featuring guest vocals by rapper Missy Elliott. The music video for "Bad Girl " was directed by Erik White. The video
Here's the video premiere for T.I.'s lead Danja produced single "No Matter What", from his upcoming album Paper Trail. Watch on YouTube!
"You Ain't Sayin' Nothin" is the second single from Fat Joe's album, The Elephant in the Room, and features Dre & Plies. This video also includes a quick snippet of the hot Danja produced track – Cocoababy.
Girl Gone Wild is a song off Tiffany Evans' debut self-titled CD. It is produced by The Clutch, and if this isn't enough to get you to buy her cd (OUT NOW!) maybe her singles: Promise Ring or I'm Grown could change your mind?
Official Girl is Cassie's official first single off her upcoming second CD. Cassie's second studio album, is scheduled for release in September 2008. The album features production by Seven, Mario Winans, Bryan-Michael Cox, Eric Hudson, Sean C and LV, Ryan Leslie, and Danja. Cassie has said that she had " up a lot" since her


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Fall Volunteer Event - Maryland Food Bank
IIA Baltimore Chapter
Wednesday, October 17, 2012 from 5:30 PM to 8:00 PM (EDT)
Event Details
Description: The Baltimore IIA is looking for volunteers to help sort and package food to be distributed to needy Maryland families.
Cost: There is no cost to volunteer other than your time.
People Needed: Space is limited to 10 adults and 5 teenagers 12 to 17 years old. Please sign up above to reserve your space.
Have questions about Fall Volunteer Event - Maryland Food Bank? Contact IIA Baltimore Chapter
When & Where
Maryland Food Bank
2200 Halethorpe Farms Road
Wednesday, October 17, 2012 from 5:30 PM to 8:00 PM (EDT)
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- Birthday 01/13/1978
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bogger44's Activity
bogger44 added a post in a topic Darrell WaltripSweet builds John. The Tide Monte Carlo has always been my favorite ride of his.
bogger44 added a post in a topic Motorcity's 67 Galaxy 500Excellent work, she is a beauty!
bogger44 added a post in a topic AMT 1969 ChevelleBeautiful build, Tommy. This has to be the best work I've ever seen done to this kit, congrats!
bogger44 added a post in a topic 1971 Ford F350 DumpKiller weathering, Chuck. That motor really looks spot-on. Very cool build.
bogger44 added a post in a topic Ford F150 RaptorThanks guys. Black is my favorite color on these trucks, I built it to sorta resemble what I'd want mine to look like if I had the money for a real one.
bogger44 added a post in a topic 65 Galaxie dVery nice! I love the colors and stance.
bogger44 added a topic in Under Glass: Pickups, Vans, SUVs, Light CommercialFord F150 RaptorMy 5th completed build of the year. I was looking for something quick and easy to build for a change of pace and this kit fit the bill perfectly. I didn't have any issues whatsoever and it looks really good with a little detailing. The BFG Krawlers are from Fireball Modelworks, as are the wheelbacks. I had to sleeve the ends of the metal axles with short pieces of aluminum tubing to get the wheelbacks to fit better on them (still used some superglue as it still wasn't a tight fit). The wheels are from the Lindberg 97 F150 flareside "offroad" kit, they are only 5 lug but I can deal with that little discrepancy. I also completely removed the large tab and mounting pins for the exhaust tips for a cleaner look. OOB the tips also stuck out too far in my opinion, so I also shortened them up a little, as well as drilling out the tip ends. Paint is Duplicolor Universal Black, polished out with no clearcoat. The only stickers I used were for the instrument panel and the 6.2L emblems on the doors. For the door emblems, I carefully trimmed the clear carrier off, and once I had them on the truck, brushed on a light coat of semi-gloss clear to knock down the high-gloss shine on them a bit. Sorry about some dust and pollen in some of the pics, it's been breezy today and that stuff is blowing all over, it was hard to keep the truck clean.
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bogger44 added a post in a topic 67 Mercury CometVery nice. I love that subdued color, the vinyl top looks great too.
bogger44 added a post in a topic 77 Chevy Monte CarloVery sharp!
bogger44 added a post in a topic '99 Nissan Skyline GT-R (R34) V-Spec.Very nice work Tomo, I've always been a fan of those Skyline GT-R's.
bogger44 added a post in a topic How many kits do you have in your stash?In the ballpark of 260 automotive and about 35 aircraft. I've been trying to build more than I buy the last couple of years, and have barely succeeded at it.....it's not easy lol!
bogger44 added a post in a topic Pete Hamilton's 1969 Charegr 500Excellent start Chuck!
bogger44 added a post in a topic 1965 F/Stock Barracuda Golden CommandosExcellent looking project, Jason.
bogger44 added a post in a topic Revell 1969 Ford Shelby GT500 Convertible - Acapulco BlueBeautifully done Randy, just as you always do. Acapulco Blue has always been one of my favorite Ford colors, and it suits the Shelby very well. The white interior really sets it off.
bogger44 added a post in a topic Revell Mustang II Cobra "street machine" finishedGreat work Jesse. Nice job on those gauges. I wouldn't mind snagging this kit someday.


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Home > Courses
Linguistics 380 and 381
Study English in a group setting
Free English classes are offered through the Department of Linguistics for international graduate students and scholars to help improve their spoken and written skills. Classes are offered in the Fall, Winter, and Spring Quarters and are limited to fifteen students (including auditors). Courses are designed for students at the intermediate level of English proficiency, but no prerequisite or proficiency test is required to attend. Courses are taught by advanced linguistics graduate student teaching assistants or experienced instructors with a PhD in Linguistics.
Linguistics 380 covers spoken English skills and is offered in all three quarters. In the fall, the topic of Ling 380 is pronunciation and intonation. In the winter, the focus is on fluency, conversation, and culture. In the spring, the focus shifts to academic presentations. Linguistics 381 covers written academic English and is offered in the Fall and Spring Quarters.
Students and scholars of The Graduate School have first priority for registration in our courses, and students who register via CAESAR have priority over auditors. Please note that PhD students may not audit courses, they may only participate as registered students.
To be notifed when registration opens, please make sure to sign up for our mailing list by sending a request via e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com. For more information on eligibility and how to register for our courses, please visit our registration page.
For more information on course meeting dates, times, and instructors, please see our yearly course schedule.