text:
This invention is directed towards a patient single surface system, PS3, which is a next generation system solution for patient accommodation, diagnosis, treatment, transfer and transport. PS3 provides a single surface for the patient to remain on from the trauma site through diagnosis, treatment and convalescence. Needs addressed by the PS3 system include improved patient treatment through reduction in time to treatment, reduced or eliminated unnecessary patient movement and injury, as well as improved comfort throughout treatment and convalescence. In addition, the PS3 system solves significant economic considerations.
1. A single surface system useful for continuous support, transfer and treatment of an individual throughout a plurality of medical environments and procedures comprising:
a primary single surface having a longitudinal axis and a lateral axis;
wherein said primary single surface includes an uppermost section and an adjacent section flexibly joined to at least one articulation means positioned therebetween and at least one locking means for reversibly enabling articulation about said articulation means;
whereby articulation of said uppermost and adjacent sections of said primary single surface is permitted by positioning of said locking means from a first locked position to a second articulation enabling position;
a single surface transport and transfer frame constructed and arranged for reversible engagement with said primary single surface; and
at least one single surface-to-frame interface means for effecting reversible engagement of said primary single surface and said frame; each said single surface to frame interface means including (1) a single surface supporting member in adjustable engagement with said frame, and (2) supporting member engagement means constructed and arranged for self-aligning reversible engagement with said supporting member;
whereby engagement of said single surface-to-frame interface means results in reproducible positioning of said primary single surface upon said frame with respect to both the longitudinal and lateral axes of said primary single surface.
2. The system of
at least one locking means for reversibly enabling articulation about each said articulation means;
whereby articulation of each said sections of said primary single surface is permitted by positioning of each said locking means from a first locked position to a second articulation enabling position.
3. The system of
whereby horizontal positioning, vertical positioning and angular positioning of said single surface is enabled.
4. The system of
whereby the position of each said single surface supporting member is reversible.
5. The system of
6. The system of
7. The system of
whereby adjustable engagement of a plurality of auxiliary components is enabled.
8. The system of
9. The system of
10. The system of
11. The auxiliary block of
12. The auxiliary block of
13. The auxiliary block of
14. The auxiliary block assembly of
wherein said twostage quick release feature is constructed and arranged to releasably engage said auxiliary pole lock when moved to a first release position, and is constructed and arranged to releasably engage said matable receiving surface when further moved to a second release position.
15. The auxiliary block assembly of
16. The auxiliary block assembly of
17. The single surface system of
said articulation module including articulation inter-lock blocks incorporating therein coupling means adapted for reversible engagement with corresponding mating means affixed to a mating surface;
said articulation inter-lock blocks being in mechanical engagement with an articulation inter-lock module securement means, said interlock module securement means being operable to convey each of said articulation interlock blocks from a coupling orientation to a locking orientation subsequent to positive coupling with each said mating means;
whereby conveyance of said articulation inter-lock blocks to a locking orientation is effective to provide release of said locking means, thereby enabling articulation of each single surface section about said articulation means.
18. The articulation inter-lock module of
19. The system of
20. The system of
21. The system of
22. The system of
23. The system of
a pair of frame lower legs positioned at opposite ends of said frame;
a collapsible/extendable lower cross member, extending between and connecting said frame lower legs, thereby effecting telescoping engagement of said frame lower legs; said collapsible/extendable lower cross member further engaging said frame lower legs in a manner effective to enable traversal of said lower cross member laterally across said legs;
a cantilever column in telescopic engagement with each said frame lower legs, said cantilever column further effecting both rotatable and translatable engagemenL of each said single surface supporting member with each said frame lower legs;
at least one telescoping, rotatable and longitudinally adjustable support, which is constructed and arranged for engagement with said single surface support platform, wherein each said adjustable support is provided with a pivoting support member mounted thereabove, each said pivoting support member being constructed and arranged for selective vertical and rotatable adjustability;
each said supporting member further including adjustable extensions which are provided with a mating means assembly for selectively enabling reversible engagement with and adjustment of the single surface support platform;
wherein said cross member is movable laterally across said frame from one side of said lower frame legs to another, and rotation of said single surface supporting member is enabled.
24. The system of
a mechanism constructed and arranged to provide coordinated movement of the single surface supporting member and frame cantilever column;
wherein lateral traversing movement of the frame cantilever column across the width of the frame lower leg causes rotation of the single surface supporting member in a coordinated fashion so as to effect a rotation of 180� upon completion of traversal of said frame lower leg by said frame cantilever column.
25. The system of
a mechanism constructed and arranged to provide coordinated movement of the inner support column assembly and sliciably engaged cross member;
wherein longitudinal positioning of the inner support column assembly along the length of said slidably engaged cross member causes rotation of the inner support column in a coordinated fashion so as to effect a rotation of 90� by said inner support column.
26. A single surface system useful for continuous support, transfer and treatment of an individual throughout a plurality of medical environments and procedures comprising:
a primary single surface having a longitudinal axis and a lateral axis; said primary single surface including at least one matable receiving surface coextensive with a lateral edge thereof, which surface is adapted to receive at least one auxiliary component therein;
said primary single surface further including an uppermost section and at least one adjacent section flexibly joined to at least one articulation means positioned therebetween, and at least one locking means for reversibly enabling articulation about said articulation means;
said primary single surface further including an articulation interlock module adapted for reversible engagement with said single surface and including articulation inter-lock blocks incorporating therein coupling means adapted for reversible engagement with corresponding mating means affixed to a mating surface, said articulation inter-lock blocks being in mechanical engagement with an articulation inter-lock module securement means, which interlock modulb securement means is operable to convey each of said articulation inter-lock blocks from a coupling orientation to a locking orientation subsequent to positive coupling with each said mating means;
a single surface transport and transfer frame constructed and arranged for reversible engagement with said primary single surface;
at least one single surface-to-frame interface means for effecting reversible engagement of said primary single surface and said frame; each said single surface to frame interface means including (1) a single surface supporting member in adjustable engagement with said frame, and (2) supporting member engagement means constructed and arranged for self-aligning reversible engagement with said supporting member; wherein each said single surface supporting member is constructed and arranged for vertical adjustment with respect to said frame to enable horizontal positioning, vertical positioning and angular positioning of said single surface; and
whereby engagement of said single surface-to-frame interface means results in reproducible positioning of said primary single surface upon said transport and transfer frame with respect to both the longitudinal and lateral axes of said primary single surface; and
conveyance of said articulation inter-lock blocks to a locking orientation is effective to provide release of said locking means, thereby enabling articulation of each single surface section about said articulation means.
This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. �119(e) of Provisional Application No. 60/742,222, filed on Dec. 5, 2005, and entitled Patient Single Surface System, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference.
This invention generally relates to a single surface system for patient accommodation, diagnosis, treatment and transfer. The invention particularly relates to a contoured thin single surface platform or bed surface and a unique single surface platform to cantilever frame interface which functions in concert with unique, auxiliary components and systems designed to interface with the single surface platform patient accommodation, diagnosis, treatment and transfer systems, for enabling the patient to remain on a single surface from the trauma site through, diagnosis, treatment and convalescence, while simultaneously adapting and accommodating auxiliary features and modules.
Patients in a medical care facility often require movement from one location to another within the facility. This frequent movement is often necessitated by the layout or configuration of the facility. A typical medical care facility is organized into several specialty centers. These centers may include, for example, an emergency room, the patient's room, a radiology center, operating rooms and a recovery center. Each of these centers typically has a bed (single surface platform) or procedure area onto which the patient must be transferred upon their arrival into the center. For example, if a patient is brought into the emergency room they usually arrive in an ambulance. Upon arrival the patient must be transferred from the ambulance gurney to a bed in the emergency room. If the physician in the emergency room requires an x-ray for his diagnosis, the patient must be transferred from the bed in the emergency room onto a transport gurney. The gurney is then transported to the radiology center and the patient is placed onto the x-ray table. After the x-ray procedure is complete, the patient is transferred onto another gurney and transported back to the emergency room where the patient is then transferred back into a bed. Thus, prior to being admitted into the medical care facility, the patient has already required five transfer events (from the ambulance gurney to the emergency room bed, from the bed onto a gurney, from the gurney to the x-ray table, from the x-ray table back to a gurney, and from the gurney back to bed) and three transport events (from the ambulance to the emergency room bed, from the bed to the radiology center and from the radiology center back to the emergency room bed). If the patient is then admitted into the medical care facility there are two more transfer events and another transport event.
Patient transfer is typically performed when transferring the patient from a bed to a transport device such as a gurney. Often times the patient is not conscious or cannot physically assist in the transfer and so the hospital personnel must perform the transfer. The current patient transfer method with a bed sheet or thin plastic sheet requires between four and six personnel for incapacitated patients depending on patient size and personnel available. Current transfer methods are entirely a manual process, which requires significant lifting, pushing and pulling onto a transferring device (e.g. a roller-board or a back board), lifting the patient from the bed and placing the patient on a gurney. Patient handling is the leading cause of hospital staff injury. While it is not clear if patient surface transfer is the leading cause, it does appear to cause approximately 4000 reported incidents of injury/year according to US Bureau of Labor Statistics data, ranging in a direct cost of between $28 and $112 Million/year-depending on injury severity. Furthermore, this process can lead to injury to the patient caused by either improper manipulation or dropping. Since studies show that the average weight of the population is increasing, this transfer process will continue to become more difficult and injury-prone in the future. The disclosed PS3 single surface design allows a single person to easily transfer a patient, along with the auxiliary equipment for the patient, such as intravenous fluids and medications, which remain connected throughout the transfer of the patient.
There is additionally a need to improve patient movement through a medical care facility and reduce the time prior to starting of the treatment. This is exemplified by the need for reduction in the time required to provide treatment for stroke victims once they have arrived in the hospital. Data has demonstrated that the current manual, multi-person transfer of patients to imaging equipment were a key bottleneck in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients. Analysis of the data indicated that 20 to 40 minutes alone could be lost prior to the start of treatment for a stroke victim due to the standard transfer procedures from bed to radiologic device tables. Furthermore, a need exists to minimize disturbance/movement of patients, especially spinal injury victims, where the possibility of harming the patient during transfer is a very real possibility.
With regard to hospital staff injuries during patient transfers, it is well documented that immobilized acute care patients currently require multiple, injury-prone, manual, multi-person transfers from one surface to another throughout the care process from the incoming ambulance gurney to a hospital gurney and within the hospital for triage, imaging, surgery and various testing. This care process can vary from a short period (hours) to a couple of days.
In recognition of these needs to provide improvements in the areas of efficiency, cost and continuity of patient care, the instant inventor has provided herein a Patient Single Surface System (PS3) which provides a stable, cantilever frame design to support a resting and supporting surface (e.g. a bed) which provides a single surface platform on which the patient remains at all times, even during transfer from one surface to another (i.e. transfer to triage beds, imaging tables, diagnostic tables, gurneys, etc.). The PS3 cantilever design and contoured single support surface for transfer requires only a single person, regardless of patient weight, to position the unit above the surface for transfer, and subsequently lower them mechanically with the cantilever frame. Lifting, pulling, and or pushing of the patient is not required. Further, additional personnel are not required to move the patient, even for completely incapacitated patients.
Numerous prior art references exist which disclose a variety of disparate features generally related to transport mechanisms per se, and/or transport mechanisms compatible with medical equipment such as imaging devices. These references include: (A1) US Patent Pub. 2005/0246833, published Nov. 10, 2005 to Barth et al.; (A2) US Patent Pub. 2004/0111800, published Jun. 17, 2004 to Bartels et al.; (A3) US Patent Pub. 2003/0101513, published Jun. 5, 2003 to Wong; (A4) US Patent Pub. 2002/0042952, published Apr. 18, 2002 to Smeed; (A5) EP Patent 1 449 506 A1, published on Aug. 25, 2004 to Medical Iberica, S. A.; (A6) U.S. Pat. No. 6,782,571, issued Aug. 31, 2004 to Josephson et al.; (A7) U.S. Pat. No. 6,640,364, issued Nov. 4, 2003 to Josephson et al.; (A8) U.S. Pat. No. 6,374,438, issued Apr. 23, 2002 to Fox et al.; (A9) U.S. Pat. No. 6,178,575, issued Jan. 30, 2001 to Harada; (A10) U.S. Pat. No. 6,098,216, issued Aug. 8, 2000 to Williamson et al.; (A11) U.S. Pat. No. 5,475,884, issued Dec. 19, 1995 to Kirmse et al.; (A12) U.S. Pat. No. 5,319,817, issued Jun. 14, 1994 to Hay et al.; (A13) U.S. Pat. No. 5,285,539, issued Feb. 15, 1994 to Anderson et al.; (A14) U.S. Pat. No. 4,939,801, issued Jul. 10, 1990 to Schaal et al.; (A15) U.S. Pat. No. 4,658,450, issued Apr. 21, 1987 to Thompson; (A16) U.S. Pat. No. 4,019,772, issued Apr. 26, 1977 to Lee; (A17) U.S. Pat. No. 3,815,164, issued Jun. 11, 1974 to Smith; (A18) U.S. Pat. No. 3,304,116, issued Feb. 14, 1967 to Stryker; and (A19) U.S. Pat. No. 2,905,952, issued Sep. 29, 1959 to Reichert et al.
Reference A1 to Barth et al. discloses various embodiments of a patient removal system for evacuating a patient during an emergency. The patient removal systems may be used to transport the patient while the patient is on a mattress, or the patient removal systems may be used to transport the patient without the mattress. The patient removal systems permit caregivers to transport patients out of danger or harm without requiring patient support devices to be transported along with the patients.
Reference A2 to Bartels et al. discloses a gurney for transporting a patient. The gurney has a chassis with a support component for a supporting board for a patient. The board is fastened to prevent lateral motion and can be removed to provide medical treatment or to provide an examination device. The support component allows at least two different boards to be alternately supported and fastened with a positive fit at their head ends. The boards are different from one another at their head ends on the underside in shape and/or in width.
Reference A3 to Wong discloses a hospital bed adapted for use with an open geometry imaging system, such as a C-arm imager. The hospital bed includes a mobile base, a frame, a bed top, and a patient support. At least one portion of the bed top and patient support are substantially radiotransparent. The radiotransparent portions are capable of axial displacement along the lengthwise axis of the bed, thereby allowing the use of an imager on a patient in the bed without interference from the base. The axial displacement is preferably indexed to at least one predetermined stop position. One or more independent lateral sections can be selectively moved away from the radiotransparent portion, allowing for a reduction in the overall width of the bed. A patient transport system is also provided, in which the bed top and attached patient support can be used as a portable support, such as a stretcher, and may be secured to the base for subsequent transport and/or imaging when appropriate.
Reference A4 to Smeed discloses an invention formed from a platform (100) having a support surface (110), a pair of legs (150, 150) connected to the support surface (110), and footings (152) and securing mechanism (160 or 180) on the legs (150, 150) for attaching the invention to a litter that preferably satisfies NATO requirements. Preferably, the invention attaches to the poles used to carry a patient on a litter such that the invention provides space for the patient's legs to pass under if necessary. A further embodiment of the invention adds at least one accessory clip, which preferably includes at least one attachment for a piece of medical equipment such as medical monitors, ventilators, and infusion pumps.
Reference A5 to Medical Iberica, S. A. discloses a gurney which has a base platform with two levels joined by an oblique central transition segment. The lower segment housing includes a power source and a means for raising the mattress, while another articulated means for raising the gurney includes on each side a pair of tubes that rise from the two levels of base platform. The base platform is jointed to curved tubes which are joined to the frame of the mattress. The frame also incorporates a control for turning the mattress towards its drainage area.
Reference A6 to Josephson et al. discloses a patient transport system for transporting a patient from a magnetic resonance imaging system to a second imaging system and includes an elongated member and first and second coupling mechanisms. The elongated member has an upper surface configured to support a patient. The first coupling mechanism is coupled to the elongated member and is configured to removably couple the elongated member to the magnetic resonance imaging system. The second coupling mechanism is coupled to the elongated member and is configured to removably couple the elongated member to a second imaging system.
Reference A7 to Josephson et al. discloses a pedestal for use with a patient transport system for multiple imaging systems can include a support member configured to support a patient or object of interest, an elongated planar member coupled to the support member and configured to removably couple and slidably engage an elongated cradle member, and a docking assembly coupled to the elongated planar member configured to engage the receipt of and the removal of the elongated cradle member supportable by the elongated planar member.
Reference A8 to Fox et al. discloses a mobile patient stretcher particularly adapted for additional use as a pain clinic treatment table designed to accommodate a C-arm of a fluoroscopic or like imaging apparatus. The stretcher litter top or patient support surface is radiolucent and includes selectively removable lateral side rail sections so that the litter top can be selectively converted into an hourglass shape without side rails as required for treatment procedures and/or C-arm access and imaging. Alternatively, with the lateral side rail sections in place, the stretcher includes a full-width patient support surface, and also includes a radiolucent fowler back rest, selectively deployable side rails, and a hydraulically or otherwise controlled conventional wheeled stretcher base that is adapted to place the patient support surface in a raised, lowered, Trendelenburg, or reverse Trendelenburg orientation. The stretcher can be used as a fully functional stretcher to transport a patient to and from a procedure area and a recovery area, provides a comfortable resting place with a fowler back rest for a patient, and is also usable as a treatment table during fluoroscopic or other imaging procedures.
Reference A9 to Harada discloses a stretch mounting unit which includes a unit body detachably mounted on a stretcher. A drive device is attached to the unit body for providing an output with a center shaft for receiving the output of the drive device. A coupling that couples the drive device and the center shaft for transmitting the output of the drive device to the center shaft includes a roller pressed on the center shaft to produce torque. A carrier swingably disposed on the center shaft, a pair of wheels rotatably mounted on the carrier and rotated by the torque of the roller, and a friction clutch provided rotatably on the center shaft and associated with the carrier for swinging the carrier until one of the pair of wheels touches the ground.
Reference A10 to Williamson et al. discloses a convertible patient transport apparatus including a frame assembly adapted for supporting a patient. A plurality of bent pivot legs are attached to the frame assembly and mounted on respective wheels for rolling movement of the transport apparatus over a supporting surface. Each of the pivot legs includes a vertical upper portion, an intermediate portion formed at an angle to the upper portion, and a vertical lower portion formed with the intermediate portion. An actuator pivots the legs between an open position, wherein the distance between the lower portions of laterally adjacent legs is increased, and a closed position, wherein the distance between the lower portions of laterally adjacent legs is reduced. In the open position, the width of the transport apparatus is expanded to move the frame assembly over a bed of the patient. In the closed position, the width of the transport apparatus is narrowed.
Reference A11 to Kirmse et al. discloses a patient support apparatus that comprises a first support plate which can be transferred from an undercarriage onto a table frame of a medical apparatus. The table frame is provided with a second support plate which receives the first support plate directly, but enables an examination subject to be directly received on the second support plate without requiring the assembly of the first support plate.
Reference A12 to Hay et al. discloses a patient lift apparatus with a U-shaped base that folds to enable convenient reduced width storage of the unit when not in use. Accordingly, the U-shaped base of the unit has a hinge with a vertical axis in each leg of the "U". These hinges are located midway of each of the vertical legs. Typically, these hinges provide for a pivotal movement of the casters at the ends of each leg of the "U" from a caster extended position for patient lifting and transport to a caster folded position parallel to and spaced apart from the base of the "U". A releasable lock mechanism is provided to each leg for locking the hinge in either the caster extended position or the caster folded position. The lock includes an outer moving sleeve with a spring biased inner key connected to the spring biased sleeve. The key moves with the sleeve and fits into and out of paired apertures in the hinge. One aperture of the hinge is for maintaining the hinge in the caster folded position; the other aperture of the hinge is for maintaining the hinge in the caster extended position. In operation, an attendant moves the sleeve to unlock the hinge. Thereafter, and while the rest of the lift apparatus is supported at its respective casters, the outer leg member of the "U" is moved between the caster folded position and the caster extended position for patient transport.
Reference A13 to Anderson et al. discloses a flexible bathing fluid permeable mesh sheet attached to a rectangular frame. A flexible and collapsible bathing fluid impermeable sheet is attached to the frame below the mesh sheet and spaced apart therefrom for forming an open fluid receptacle. The mesh sheet is attached to the frame with straps which may be adjusted for allowing the patient to be placed substantially coplanar with the frame and away from the fluid collected in the impermeable sheet or lowered toward the impermeable sheet to provide an immersion bath.
Reference A14 to Schaal et al. discloses an improved patient transporting and turning gurney for receiving and lifting a patient from a hospital bed, for transporting and depositing the patient on a hospital operating table, and for lifting and turning a patient for surgery. Preferably, the gurney has a U-shaped base, this base of sufficiently small dimension to fit under a hospital bed and of sufficiently large dimension to straddle the sides of a conventional operating table pedestal. The gurney further includes an overlying stretcher support, preferably U-shaped, for supporting a rotatable stretcher frame. A longitudinally extending rotating stretcher frame is mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis on the stretcher support. Extending from the U-shaped base to the overlying stretcher support, there is provided a lifting device for moving the stretcher support upwardly and downwardly relative to the base. A system of patient attachment to the stretcher frame is disclosed in which two tensile supported sheet members can be detachably supported from the frame.
Reference A15 to Thompson discloses a multi-position bed such as is used in hospitals and for persons who by reason of physical disability of age are unable to turn or move themselves in bed. As shown in
Reference A16 to Lee discloses a hospital patient transfer system by a transfer trolley with a wheeled undercarriage. A lift ram is movable up and down with respect to the undercarriage and can also tilt about a horizontal pivot on the undercarriage. The lift ram supports an upper frame so that it can be raised, lowered or tilted in response to varying positions of the ram. The upper frame has parallel end pieces spaced from each other by a distance such that a hospital bed, operation table or trolley can be received between them. The end pieces of the upper frame are provided with lift members which can be raised or lowered with respect to the end pieces. A flat rectangular patient-supporting element can removably be inserted in opposed tracks in the end pieces so that it may be positioned below a stretcher supported by the lift members when they are in a raised position. The lift members can then be lowered to enable the weight of the patient to be taken by the patient supporting element.
Reference A17 to Smith discloses A patient lifting and transporting vehicle having a U-shaped base frame with four wheels, two telescopic tubes extending upward from the base frame, a rectangular upper frame provided with a removable strong transfer sheet for supporting a patient, said upper frame being fixed on the upper ends of the telescoping tubes, and operating mechanism comprising a lifting arm assembly hinged at its lower end to the base frame and at its upper end to a follower block slidable in one tubular side of the upper frame, said tubular side containing a drive screw engaging the follower block and crank-operated bevel gears for rotating the drive screw. When the upper frame is in its lowest position the lifting arm assembly lies at an angle of about 45� from the horizontal; as the lifting arm is moved, by the drive screw and follower block, toward a vertical position the upper frame is raised correspondingly to a highest position when the arm is vertical. Springs under compression in the telescoping tubes counter-balance part of the weight of the loaded upper frame. The location of the telescoping tubes on one side of the base frame and spaced from its ends enables the upper frame to be moved over a bed or operating table or into the range of an X-ray machine.
Reference A18 to Stryker discloses a wheeled carriage for supporting a patient and, more particularly, to a type of carriage having a vertically adjustable support frame upon which a stretcher can be removably placed for the purpose of safely supporting and transporting a patient disposed thereon in a horizontal or tilted position.
Reference A19 to Reichert et al. discloses new and useful improvements in hospital equipment and, more particularly, to a patient stretcher adapted for transporting patients from the hospital bed to a surgical operating room, X-ray room, or the like.
Additionally, references are known which relate to devices which are height-adjustable and/or capable of multiple positioning. These references include: (B1) U.S. Pat. No. 6,499,163, issued Dec. 31, 2002 to Stensby; (B2) FR Patent 2 789 302, published on Aug. 11, 2000 to Antar; (B3) U.S. Pat. No. 5,934,282, issued Aug. 10, 1999 to Young III et al.; (B4) U.S. Pat. No. 5,461,740, issued Oct. 31, 1995 to Pearson; (B5) PCT Publication No. WO 94/09738, published May 11, 1994 to Blanco GMBH & Co.; (B6) U.S. Pat. No. 5,187,821, issued Feb. 23, 1993 to Nieminen et al; (B7) PCT Publication No. WO 90/03158, published Apr. 5, 1990 to Oy AFOR; (B8) PCT Publication No. WO 89/02260, published Mar. 23, 1989 to Siegener Feinmechanik GMBH; and (B9) GB Patent Application 2 039 731, published Aug. 20, 1980, to Rogers.
Reference B1 to Stensby discloses an apparatus convertible to a chair or table comprises a support structure; first and second pairs of wheels rotatably supporting the support structure; and a platform supported by the support structure. The platform includes a seat support and a back support. The platform is positionable between a chair configuration and a table configuration. The first pair of wheels have inboard and outboard positions. The first pair of wheels are in the inboard position when the platform is in the table configuration. The first pair of wheels are in the outboard position when the platform is in the chair configuration.
Reference B2 to Antar discloses a modular gurney for transporting patients, the gurney has two or more rigid frame members (1, 2) each formed of two hollow tube sections connected by a honeycomb panel between a double skin (17, 17′). The gurney has a stainless steel plate (6,6′).
Reference B3 to Young III et al. discloses a spine board for use in supporting a patient during emergency medical treatment comprising a pair of board joined together by a hinge. The hinge is provided with a latch which allows the board to be rigidly locked in a flat condition so as to provide rigid support for a patient receiving CPR or other treatment.
Reference B4 to Pearson discloses a multi-positional bed comprised at one end thereof with a pair of pillars. One of the pillars is disposed at or near each side of the bed and at the opposite end a single pillar is disposed substantially on the longitudinal center line of the bed. The bed has a user-supporting frame, and respective mounting devices for mounting the frame to each of the pillars. Each mounting device is arranged to move lengthwise with respect to the respective pillar independently of the movement of the other mounting devices.
Reference B5 to Blanco GMBH & Co. discloses a patient-transport trolley with a chassis (12) and a support frame (16) designed for a patient to lie on, the support frame (16) being held by a height-adjustable arm mounted on the chassis (12). In order to simplify the design, the invention calls for the trolley to include an arm with an elevating mechanism (14) with a parallelogram-type action, one end of the elevating mechanism (14) being held in a lower bearing block (28) on the chassis (12) while the other end is held by an upper mounting block (42) on the support frame (16).
Reference B6 to Nieminen et al. discloses a hospital bed comprising a body (4) provided with wheels, a transfer underlay frame (24) for a patient, a lying or resting frame (17), which can be lifted and lowered down, lifting means (30) for the lying frame, and bearer means (15, 20) for a transfer underlay frame; the bearer means comprise two U-shaped bearer rods (15) disposed side by side and turnable in the body, the upper and the lower arms (15 b, 15 c) of which are interconnected through articulated joints (18, 22) by a transverse support (16, 21) so as to secure a parallel turn of the arms aside. A bearer beam (20) is secured to the upper transverse support (21) and wheels (19) to the lower support (16). The invention allows a sideways transfer of a patient on a transfer underlay supported by straps (26, 28) secured to a bearer beam, without changing the direction. Wheels (19) provided in the bearer rods (15) move simultaneously to the same direction which ensures that the bed (2) is properly supported during all stages of the transfer.
Reference B7 to Oy AFOR discloses a treatment table (1) manufactured for the needs of physical care and rehabilitation in which the height of the treatment table and the position of the treatment level (20) are adjusted simultaneously by means of a single power device (5). The adjusting apparatus of the treatment table (1) comprises a power device (5), which is joined in a pivoting manner to the lower frame (2), lifting arms (7, 8), which are joined in a pivoting manner by their lower end to the lower frame (2) and the power device (5) and by their upper end to be upper frame (6) by means of pivoting fastening members (13), an extension arm (9), which is locked to be parallel with the lifting arm (8) when the position of the treatment level (20) and the height are adjusted simultaneously, and which said extension arm (9) pivots in relation to the lifting arm (8) when the treatment level (20) is moved in the vertical direction without the position of the treatment level (20) being changed.
Reference B8 to Sie-gener Feinmechanik GMBH discloses a couch with main components (1) a central part (5) arranged on a chassis (2) with running wheels and capable of being vertically lifted and lowered by a driving motor, and a plate for seating (6) hingedly linked to a head-rest (7) and to a leg-rest (8) that can be pivoted by means of a further driving motor up to a seating and to a lying position. In the area of an opening (10) of the seating plate (6) of the central part are arranged sanitary devices with a water supply for washing the body. A collection container (12) can be placed in an overflow tub (11) arranged underneath the seating plate (6) for receiving the excrements of a bedridden person and the washing water evacuated through the opening (10) in the seating plate (6). A mattress (13) of elastic material fitted to the form of the body and having an opening (14) that corresponds to the opening (10) of the seating plate (6) is removably secured on the couch (1).
Reference B9 to Rogers discloses an apparatus 1,
Additionally, references are known which teach various support systems. These references include: (C1) U.S. Pat. No. 6,546,577, issued Apr. 15, 2003 to Chinn; (C2) U.S. Pat. No. 6,619,599, issued Sep. 16, 2003 to Elliott et al.; (C3) U.S. Pat. No. 6,375,133, issued Apr. 23, 2002 to Morrow; (C4) US Patent Pub. 2002/0162926, published Nov. 7, 2002 to Nguyen; (C5) U.S. Pat. No. 6,073,285, issued Jun. 13, 2000 to Ambach et al.; (C6) U.S. Pat. No. 5,987,670, issued Nov. 23, 1999 to Sims et al.; (C7) U.S. Pat. No. 5,611,638, issued Mar. 18, 1997 to D�rr et al.: (C8) U.S. Pat. No. 5,651,150, issued Jul. 29, 1997 to Kanitzer et al.; (C9) U.S. Pat. No. 5,687,942, issued Nov. 18, 1997 to Johnson; (C10) U.S. Pat. No. 5,699,988, issued Dec. 23, 1997 to Boettger et al.; (C11) U.S. Pat. No. 5,588,166, issued Dec. 31, 1996 to Burnett; (C12) U.S. Pat. No. 5,407,163, issued Apr. 18, 1995 to Kramer et al.; (C13) U.S. Pat. No. 5,117,521, issued Jun. 2, 1992 to Foster et al.; (C14) U.S. Pat. No. 5,016,307, issued May 21, 1991 to Rebar; (C15) U.S. Pat. No. 4,720,881, issued Jan. 26, 1988 to Meyers; (C16) U.S. Pat. No. 4,768,241, issued Sep. 6, 1988 to Beney; (C17) U.S. Pat. No. 4,489,454, issued Dec. 25, 1984 to Thompson; (C18) U.S. Pat. No. 4,262,872, issued Apr. 21, 1981 to Kodet; (C19) U.S. Pat. No. 4,273,374, issued Jun. 16, 1981 to Portman; (C20) U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,612, issued Apr. 12, 1977 to Barile, Sr.; (C21) U.S. Pat. No. 3,709,372, issued Jan. 9, 1973 to Alexander; and (C22) U.S. Pat. No. 2,696,963, issued Dec. 14, 1954 to Shepherd.
Reference C1 to Chinn discloses a mobile medical emergency and surgical table that comprises a frame assembly, a pair of mechanically advantaged undercarriage assemblies having wheels, a plurality of stretcher yoke assemblies, a plurality of preferably uniformly dimensioned and interchangeable storage cassettes, an electrical subsystem, and a plurality of optional mounts for the attachment of medical and surgical equipment.
Reference C2 to Elliott et al. discloses an intravenous (IV) support system including a moveable base and an upright IV pole. The base comprises a lower wheeled plate, an upper plate having a through hole, and an upright elongate tube fastened to the upper and lower plates. The tube is aligned with the through hole of the upper plate to form a passage for the IV pole. A bolt transversely extends through the wall of the tube to form a transverse supporting surface for the IV pole. The IV pole comprises, at a lower end thereof, a pin extending from a flange so that the IV pole may be fitted in a through bore of and supported by a mounting adapter mounted to a patient support frame. The system allows the IV pole to be easily transferable among numerous stand-alone bases and patient support frames, and steadily retained by the bases and mounting adapters mounted to the patient support frames without positive locking mechanisms.
Reference C3 to Morrow discloses an intravenous (IV) support assembly including a mounting adapter and an upright IV pole. The mounting adapter is mountable to a single rail of a patient support frame, and includes an insertion member and a locking mechanism. The IV pole is supported by the mounting adapter, and includes a hollow lower end for receiving the insertion member of the mounting adapter. The IV pole is secured to the insertion member by the locking mechanism of the insertion member. A variety of different mounting adapters each configured for a different rail configuration are available for supporting a common IV pole, so the IV pole is transferable between mounting adapters mounted to different rails.
Reference C4 to Nguyen discloses an apparatus for supporting medical fluids for delivery to a patient during surgery, in particular for fluids for intravenous delivery to the patient. The apparatus comprises a clamp for removably securing the apparatus to an object, such as a surgical table or bed, to allow the object to support the apparatus, the object being immovable relative to the patient to which the fluids are to be delivered. An arm is provided extending from the clamp. A support is connected to the arm remote from the clamp, the support being adapted to retain a receptacle containing medical fluids. In one embodiment, the arm is movable longitudinally with respect to the clamp, thereby allowing the position of the support with respect to the clamp to be adjusted. In a second embodiment, the arm is rotatable about the clamp such that the fluid receptacle support may be moved within a plane containing the longitudinal axis of the arm.
Reference C5 to Ambach et al. discloses a mobile support unit such as an IV stand or the like coupled to a mobile hospital bed, gurney or wheelchair by a latch mechanism which provides hands free operation thereby avoiding the need for a nurse or care provider to manually manipulate the latch to secure the units together for tandem transport. Further, the latch mechanism according to this invention includes a clutch which prevents relative movement of the IV stand or support unit with respect to the hospital bed during transport up to a specific adjustable torque level thereby avoiding the problem of the IV stand or support unit swinging freely relative to the bed during movement. Further, the clutch permits movement of the IV stand or support unit through an arc relative to the bed when a specified force is applied as required by the nurse or care provider to reposition the stand or support unit relative to the bed and provide increased access to the patient or the like. The IV stand includes a relatively heavy base which provides a low center of gravity for the unit and offers a very stabile mobile IV stand which resists tilting or tipping during transport.
Reference C6 to Sims et al. discloses a system for securing a wheeled pole, such as an IV pole, to an adjustable height mobile bed to form a movable assembly. The system includes a linkage element with first and second mounting blocks effective to secure the linkage element to an intermediate frame portion of the bed. An elastomeric member is extendable from the linkage element for engagement with a plurality of engagement members disposed on opposite sides of a channel formed in the linkage element. The elastomeric member effectively secures the IV pole in the channel for transport of the IV pole/bed assembly.
Reference C7 to D�rr et al. discloses a connecting device with at least two connecting elements fastened to the patient support and insertable into pin receivers of the column and carriage. Each connecting element has two latching elements each movable between a latching position and an unlatching position, and during relative movement between the transport carriage and the support column resulting in the transfer of the patient support from the column to the transport carriage, or the reverse, each connecting element becomes received at the same time in a column pin receiver and a carriage pin receiver. Each receiver has a detent recess for receiving one of the latching elements of a received connecting element in its latching position and a control surface associated with the other latch element of the received connecting element which control surface upon the reception of the connecting element transfers this latching element to its unlatched position. Each of the latching elements has associated with it a sensor for detecting the latching position of the latching element.
Reference C8 to Kanitzer et al. discloses a structure providing a patient support surface which is transferable between a stationery support column and a wheeled transport carriage with the transport carriage, the support column and the support surface providing structure having connecting parts which cooperate to securely hold the structure to the transfer carriage or to the support column when the structure is mounted on the transfer carriage or the support column, the connecting parts during transfer of the structure from the transfer carriage to a support column, or vice versa, being automatically moved between latched and unlatched conditions to allow the transfer to occur and having security features preventing the patient support surface providing structure from being inadvertently unfastened from both the support column and the transport carriage during a transfer procedure.
Reference C9 to Johnson discloses a support system for detachably mounting an article to a tubular support structure. The system includes a bracket plate having a key-way with side walls diverging from a front face of the bracket plate to a rear face thereof. The key-way extends entirely through the bracket plate between the front and rear faces and includes an entry mouth opening at an edge of the bracket plate. A support plate is adapted to be attached to the rear face of the bracket plate to close the key-way at the rear face. A mounting device mounts the bracket plate and attached support plate to one of the tubular members, with the key-way facing away from and extending longitudinally of the one tubular member. An elongated supporting key is adapted to be attached to the other of the tubular members lengthwise thereof. The supporting key is positionable into the entry mouth of the key-way and has side walls converging from a front face of the key to a rear face thereof for mating proximity to the diverging side walls of the key-way.
Reference C10 to Boettger et al. discloses a coupler clamping assembly (10) for releasably connecting a mobile support stand (52) with a patient transport device such as a gurney (54), in order to allow patient transfer with the support stand while eliminating the need for extra transport personnel. The clamp (10) preferably includes a pair of opposed, laterally spaced apart jaws (20, 22) interconnected by a central bight section (24). A connector assembly including a pair of oppositely extending elongated connection elements (14, 16) is supported on the body for relative pivotal movement, and the connection elements are received for rotation in a tubular section (66) conventionally provided as a part of the gurney (54). A clamping screw (18) is threaded for receipt in a threaded opening through one of the jaws (20) and cooperates with the opposed jaw (22) for securely clamping the upright standard (60) of the pole unit (52) within the clamping assembly (10). An arm assembly is also provided for permitting releasable interconnection between a mobile support stand and any type of patient transfer device. The arm may be fixed to the stand or transfer device, and includes an attachment clamp or coupling for releasably interconnecting the stand and transfer device.
Reference C11 to Burnett discloses a medical attachment device that is hung upon and rigidly attached to an upright and horizontally disposed part of a patient transport vehicle and that also grasps an upright pole of a wheeled patient care apparatus for maintaining the vehicle and the apparatus in fixed spatial relationship while both are being moved by a single medical attendant.
Reference C12 to Kramer et al. discloses a pole support for an IV pole mounted adjacent a patient support and having two pole supports separated by a pair of tracks providing guided paths between the two pole supports. The IV pole has a pole locking block at one end with pins that engage the tracks for slidingly moving the IV pole along the track between the two pole supports. The pins on the pole locking blocks further engage first slots and notches in the two pole supports for supporting the IV pole in a generally vertical position; and the pins engage second slots and notches in the two pole supports for supporting the IV pole in a generally horizontal position.
Reference C13 to Foster et al. discloses a care cart and a hospital bed having mating bases to permit the care cart to nest with the hospital bed. The combination of cart and bed can be rolled from place to place to transport the patient and the cart can be removed from the bed while maintaining the life support systems connected to the patient while the patient is transferred to another patient support.
Reference C14 to Rebar discloses a patient transportation apparatus comprising a stretcher and a collapsible pole for use in supporting IV sets and the like. The pole portion of the apparatus is adjustable in height with respect to the plane of the stretcher while being capable of being collapsed to a position below or equiplanar with the horizontal surface of the stretcher. The pole is located so that in all positions it does not extend beyond the perimeter of the horizontal surface. In another embodiment a lower support means is also provided for supporting gravity dependent drainage bags and the like.
Reference C15 to Meyers discloses an anesthesia accessories unit which is adapted to be placed and supported on an end portion of a patient's bed structure normally a hospital operating room table. The anesthesia accessories unit includes a primary tray assembly having the following items supported thereon or forming a portion thereof (1) a support hole assembly adapted to receive various syringe structures and other items therein in a neat and orderly fashion; (2) a headrest assembly adapted to receive a patient's head thereon in proper relationship to the drugs and medicine needed; (3) an instrument holder compartment adapted to receive instruments therein; (4) a drape frame assembly adapted to be erected over the patient's head and receive a surgical drape or cover member thereon in an elevated position relative to the patient's head; (5) a needle remover assembly allowing the anesthesia provider to remove covers and needle members with the use of only one hand; (6) an intravenous tubing holder assembly adapted to receive and anchor an intravenous tubing assembly; (7) an attachment assembly adapted to receive and hold various items such as tape, scissors, etc.; (8) a tube tree assembly adapted to receive air supply tubes and the like thereon to hold in an elevated condition; and (9) a transducer pole assembly adapted to attach a transducer member thereto which then is automatically moved with raising and lowering of the operating table structure. The intravenous tubing holder assembly includes a first tube holder adapted to receive an intravenous tubing therein and a stop cock holder operable to hold a stop cock therein so as to be readily operable by one hand of the anesthesia provider.
Reference C16 to Beney discloses a self contained, mobile intensive care bed structure adapted to carry a plurality of devices for monitoring and/or providing treatment to a patient in the bed structure and including built in direct current lines and outlets, communication lines and outlets, a pneumatic oxygen air and vacuum lines and outlets, and a direct current source, with the bed structure being operable in a stationary mode from fixed sources of d-c power, a-c power, oxygen, air and/or vacuum.
Reference C17 to Thompson discloses an apparatus for carrying a hemodynamic pressure transducer in a hospital bed so that the transducer is maintained in a constant relationship with the level of the heart of a patient in said bed, which comprises a first, vertical member for mounting said apparatus on said hospital bed, where said first vertical member is adapted to fit into a bracket provided on a hospital bed, and is further adapted to hold an intravenous feeding pole, so that said apparatus may hold an intravenous feeding pole as well as said hemodynamic pressure transducer; hinge means attached to and projecting horizontally from said first vertical member; a second member engaging said hinge means and disposed to project in a direction perpendicular to the axis of said first member; and a third, vertical member to which said transducer is adjustably but securely affixed. The bracket may be an intravenous feeding pole bracket provided on said bed. The first member may be mounted on a portion of said bed which is so selected that the relationship between the height of the transducer and the height of the patient's heart remains constant when the level of the bed is raised or lowered.
Reference C18 to Kodet discloses a pole attached to a hospital stretcher or the like for supporting an intravenous solution container. This pole has an improved collapsible construction attaching it to the stretcher so such pole does not interfere with any stretcher operation.
Reference C19 to Portman discloses a device for anchoring an upright pole or other supporting means used to support an intravenous bottle holder, particularly for use in an emergency vehicle, such as an ambulance. The anchoring device is particularly useful to secure the upper extremity of a pole to the vehicle inside roof surface, and in one embodiment of the device, a locking feature is provided with the anchoring device to prevent accidental disengagement of the pole and holder. The pole is typically mounted upon a platform, such as a cot used in emergency transport of patients, and with use of the invention, inconvenient and undesirable swaying of the pole and rotation of the holder is prevented, thereby minimizing a safety hazard to ambulance attendants and the patient.
Reference C20 to Barile discloses a bed frame especially suitable for a hospital bed construction. The bed rails are provided by one or more extruded metal channel members connected into a familiar rectangular frame. Extruded metal corner brackets are riveted to the corners of the frame. The corner brackets have integral extensions and formations which serve a variety of functions such as for supporting safety side rails and for the bed headboard and footboard members, standards for supporting patient treating equipment, among others. The bracket serves a dual function of strengthening and/or retaining the channel members in the rectangular frame formation and providing means for attaching a variety of different devices to the bed frame.
Reference C21 to Alexander discloses an apparatus for supporting intravenous supply bottles including an upright standard and a cross bar extending substantially horizontally across the top of the standard. An elongated cantilever spring secured to the standard extends to opposite sides of the standard beneath the cross bar. Reaches of the spring are adapted to press into tight frictional contact with upwardly facing ends of supply bottles depending from catches in the cross bar. A mounting for the standard permits vertical adjustment of the standard relative to a bed or other body support.
Reference C22 to Shepherd discloses a portable transfusion apparatus carrier, and more particularly to a carrier construction, which is removably attachable to a hospital bed or stretcher.
Lastly, references are known which disclose various devices for transport and/or transfer having exchangeable parts. These references include: (D1) US Patent Pub. 2005/0102748, published May 19, 2005 to Johnson; (D2) US Patent Pub. 2003/0213064, published Nov. 20, 2003 to Johnson; (D3) US Patent Pub. 2002/0174485, published Nov. 28, 2002 to Bartels; (D4) US Patent Pub. 2001/0044957, published Nov. 29, 2001 to Hodgetts; (D5) U.S. Pat. No. 6,101,644, issued Aug. 15, 2000 to Gagneur et al.; (D6) U.S. Pat. No. 5,487,195, issued Jan. 30, 1996 to Ray; (D7) U.S. Pat. No. 5,111,541, issued May 12, 1992 to Wagner; (D8) U.S. Pat. No. 5,014,968, issued May 14, 1991 to Lammers et al.; (D9) U.S. Pat. No. 3,902,204, issued Sep. 2, 1975 to Lee; (D10) U.S. Pat. No. 3,917,076, issued Nov. 4, 1975 to Campbell; (D11) U.S. Pat. No. 2,610,330, issued Sep. 16, 1952 to Sutton; and (D12) U.S. Pat. No. 2,512,160, issued Jun. 20, 1950 to Koenigkramer.
Reference D1 to Johnson discloses a transfer and transport device and method for moving a patient from a bed to another location within a medical facility. The transport device includes an integral transfer mechanism for transferring a patient from a hospital bed to the device and back.
Reference D2 to Johnson discloses a transfer and transport device and method for moving a patient from a bed to another location within a medical facility. The transport device includes an integral transfer mechanism for transferring a patient from a hospital bed to the device and back.
Reference D3 to Bartels discloses a patient support mechanism having a patient gurney for the delivery and removal of a patient, the patient gurney having a removable bed board, and having a stationary patient bed provided for the acceptance of the bed board or having a stationary supporting part provided therefor at an imaging medical system such as, for example, a CT installation, an angiography device or a NMR installation. The patient gurney has carriages that are transversely displaceable toward both sides for accepting the bed board and for shifting the bed board from the patient gurney onto the patient bed or onto the supporting part and vice versa. A patient gurney having two double T-shaped supports that are centrally connected to one another by a longitudinal support.
Reference D4 to Hodgetts discloses a patient transport system for transporting a patient from a bed to a stretcher or vice versa, using a bed sheet and a conveyor attached to the bed or the stretcher. A first end of the sheet is removably attached to the conveyor and a second end of the sheet is free. The sheet is adapted to be positioned onto the patient supporting member of the bed or stretcher. The conveyor includes a roller received by bearings. The roller can be removably received by the bearings. The roller can also include a telescopic arrangement so that its length can be adjusted. A pawl and ratchet assembly can be provided on the conveyor to prevent unwinding of the conveyor. The sheet is removably attached to the roller by adhesive tape or a clip arrangement. A flexible belt attaches the clip to the conveyor and is removably secured to the roller. The clip includes a body member having a recess with a plug received therein.
Reference D5 to Gagneur et al. discloses a transport cart/patient table system for transferring an exchangeable slab of the patient table, which slab can be moved by means of a lifting arrangement, between the table and the transport cart, whereby the transport cart is moved under the patient table for the transfer of the exchangeable slab, has a first guide arranged on the transport cart and a second guide arranged on the patient table, which can be brought to engage one another as the cart is moved under the table. The guides engage in such a way to allow the transport cart to be pivotable and to be displaced longitudinally, while the engaged guides serve to guide the transport cart.
Reference D6 to Ray discloses an apparatus for lifting and transporting a prone patient comprising a mobile base frame that may extend under the patient's bed, a vertical support structure mounted along one side of the base frame, a pair of cooperating patient supporting plates connected to the support structure, the first supporting plate is horizontally oriented and may be lowered onto the bed and slid partially under a prone patient who has been rolled slightly to the side away from the support structure, after rolling the patient in the opposite direction towards the support structure and upon the first supporting plate, the second supporting plate is pivoted downwardly onto the bed into alignment with the first supporting plate, and the patient is rolled away from the support structure onto the second supporting plate. A sling may assist positioning the patient relative to the supporting plates.
Reference D7 to Wagner discloses a gurney, or hospital cart, that is characterized as being made predominantly of materials that are non-metallic, non magnetic, and of low electrical conductivity. Such a feature is of particular importance in those health care facilities wherein modern non-invasive body scanning equipment is in use, such equipment as provides imaging based on NMR, MRI, and the like, especially wherein large-scale superconducting magnets are in use.
Reference D8 to Lammers et al. discloses a patient table having round surface edges for coupling between a trolley and a patient table for the transfer of a table top from the trolley to the patient table. When the patient table is lifted by a table lifting mechanism, the table top is decoupled from the trolley after which the trolley can be decoupled from the patient table so as to be removed. The lifting construction of the patient table enables a large stroke to be made in a vertical direction without giving rise to longitudinal displacement of the table includes top. The patient table a hydraulic displacement mechanism for a longitudinal displacement of the table top; this mechanism can also be operated by hand in the case of emergencies.
Reference D9 to Lee discloses a hospital transfer trolley comprising a main frame from which two parallel end pieces extend at right angles so that a bed, trolley or the like can be received between the end pieces. A pair of horizontal lift members are carried by the end pieces and can be raised or lowered with respect to the end pieces. A couch including a mattress and a mattress support is movable between a horizontal patient-supporting position in which it is between the end pieces and an upright inoperative position on the main frame. The mattress support is engageable with the lift members when the couch is in its patient supporting position to enable the couch to be raised and lowered.
Reference D10 to Campbell discloses trolleys and in particular a trolley for handling patients on a stretcher where in certain instances it is essential that the patient be moved as little as possible. Accordingly the important features of the trolley are a base frame on wheels, a stretcher support spaced from and above the base frame and means for raising, lowering and tilting the stretcher support relative to the base.
Reference D11 to Sutton discloses improvements in wheeled tables for transferring invalids.
Reference D12 to Koenigkramer discloses a physicians' carriage or litter for professional use in the treatment or diagnosis of human ailments.
While the prior art discloses several individual features ultimately incorporated in the instantly disclosed PS3, the references nevertheless fail to disclose or suggest the combination of features as taught and claimed herein. For example, referring to Reference D10 (U.S. Pat. No. 3,917,076) which discloses a cantilever frame, the reference fails to teach or suggest a bed-to-frame interface construction and function, wherein a fail-safe mechanism is included for prevention of unwanted folding of the bed during transport, which is a critical component of the PS3 design. This anti-folding fail-safe mechanism renders the PS3 unique over the prior art cited. Additionally, auxiliary components such as the wing and frame construction, and the adjustable IV pole holder have not heretofore been disclosed in the prior art.
The Patient Single Surface System is a system solution which represents the next generation in patient accommodation, diagnosis, treatment, transfer and transport. PS3 provides a single surface for the patient to remain on from the trauma site through diagnosis, treatment and convalescence. PS3 addresses the long-felt needs of providing improved patient treatment through reduction in time to treatment; reduced or eliminated unnecessary patient movement and injury as well as improved comfort throughout treatment and convalescence.
In addition, PS3 addresses significant economic considerations. Economic considerations include elimination of costly hospital staff injuries during patient transfers, up to six to one (6:1) reduction in hospital staff required for patient transfers, increased patient throughput and improved long term patient outcome/reduced healthcare costs for patients benefiting from reduced time to treatment and/or unnecessary disturbance elimination, and improved long-term hospital staff retention.
PS3 is comprised of four major systems: (1) a single surface support (or patient single surface, (2) a single surface to frame interface, (3) auxiliary accommodation features and modules and (4) a cantilever transfer and transport frame. PS3 novelty lies in multiple features within each of the major systems.
The PS3 patient single surface platform, a contoured thin, rigid bed-type surface for transfer requires only a single person, regardless of patient weight, to position the unit above the surface for transfer, and then lower them mechanically with the cantilever frame. No lifting/pulling/pushing of the patient is required. No additional personnel are required, even for completely incapacitated patients. This is quite contrary to the historic and current patient transfer method with a bed sheet or thin plastic sheet, which requires between four and six personnel for incapacitated patients depending on patient size and personnel available. With rare exceptions, current methods are entirely a manual process, which requires significant lifting, pushing and pulling. In addition, PS3 single surface design and unique auxiliary equipment accommodation allows for the patient to remain connected and auxiliaries unmoved throughout a transfer (unless removal is required in an MRI or similar equipment). Numerous design features of the PS3 frame to single surface platform interface, the thin frameless segmented single surface platform and the modular auxiliaries are novel, which add significant usability, minimize complexity and greatly increase its range of application over prior designs. In addition, the PS3 single surface platform is unique in its ability to provide superior comfort/accommodation for patient rest during critical treatment periods.
PS3 provides a single surface for the patient to remain on from the trauma site through all diagnosis, all treatment and convalescence. PS3 accommodates the widest range of application with the least modification to interfacing equipment when compared to existing devices/prior art due to its inherent design and modularity.
Accordingly, it is an objective of the instant invention to provide a frameless single surface system (PS3) for patient accommodation, diagnosis, treatment and transfer, which eliminates the current practice requiring multiple manual patient transfers.
It is a further objective of the instant invention to provide a patient transfer system which incorporates efficient, safe, passive and secure single surface to frame interface, mated to a cantilever frame, which includes self-aligning features and an ability to withdraw horizontally once mated to another surface.
It is an additional objective to provide the PS3 with a segmented support surface (PS3 bed) containing a segment interlock functionality for maintaining rigidity of the frameless PS3 single surface platform, when desired, wherein segment articulation of the frameless single surface is not permitted to occur without proper mating surface support and engagement of the positive mating means, e.g. T-Pin engagement.
It is a further objective of the instant invention to provide means for efficient width adjustment, e.g. in the form of readily attachable segmented components or "wings" which interlock with lateral edges of the PS3 single surface platform thereby enabling scalability in the PS3 single surface platform width, with no loss in PS3 single surface platform functionality, or alternatively, in the form of multiple fixed width options.
It is another objective of the instant invention to provide a cantilever transport/transfer frame which allows greater and more stable range of height adjustment, and provides support arms which enable both Trendelenburg and reverse Trendelenburg tilt.
It is still a further objective of the instant invention to provide a cantilever transport/transfer frame which enables full articulation of the PS3 single surface platform segments while supported thereon.
It is yet an additional objective of the instant invention to provide a cantilever transport/transfer frame which enables reversible cantilever via centrally located support columns, and which provide arms and/or columns with rotatable and translatable functionality.
It is still an additional objective of the instant invention to provide a PS3 single surface platform articulation enabling interface effective for inclusion with standard gurneys.
Yet an additional objective of the instant invention is the provision of a PS3 single surface platform to mating surface interlocking design.
An additional objective of the instant invention is to provide components of the PS3 system with a matable, full length, receiving surface to enable universal and infinitely adjustable engagement of PS3 auxiliaries and wings thereto.
Still a further objective of the instant invention is to provide the PS3 system with quick-locking and single-handedly removable auxiliaries and width adjustment components.
A further objective of the instant invention is to provide a PS3 auxiliary block with a stepped holed design to accommodate multiple pole/interface sizes, and additionally providing a Poke Yoke design to insure proper insertion orientation for locking.
Still another objective of the instant invention is to provide an auxiliary block having a 2 stage release handle to allow for release of auxiliaries, while preventing accidental release from the Single Surface.
Yet another objective of the instant invention is to provide the PS3 system with a separate articulation inter-lock module which is installable/removable while the frameless single surface is suspended in the PS3 frame.
It is an additional objective of the instant invention to provide the PS3 single surface with a multiple layer non-continuous air mattress which is rapidly adaptable to improve patient comfort.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description wherein, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention are set forth.
The Patient Single Surface System (PS3) provides an all encompassing, systematized approach to patient transport and care, representing a paradigm shift from current systems and methods.
PS3 has been designed to provide a fully modular and scalable system based upon the provision of a single surface upon which a patient may remain beginning at a trauma site and extending throughout the steps of diagnosis, treatment and convalescence.
The origins of the PS3 concept emanated from a study of stroke victim care in which studies indicated that up to 16 patient transfers were required for treatment, which corresponded to a loss of 20-40 minutes required for these manual transfers. The deficiencies of current patient care systems thus necessitate frequent movements which detract from efficient care and often tax the abilities of all involved, including the patient, caregivers (such as doctors, nurses, orderlies, attendants and paramedics), and the institutions for whom they serve, including hospitals, emergency medical services and health insurance providers.
Implementation of the PS3 system will provide myriad benefits, such as reduced time to treatment for all immobilized patients (e.g. stroke or acute coronary syndrome patients, where time lost translates into irreversible loss of function); elimination of unnecessary disturbance of acute care victims, such as those suffering spinal injuries; and improved patient comfort during diagnosis, treatment and convalescence.
Implementation of PS3 will also serve to enhance economics related to patient care by eliminating patient transfer associated hospital staff injuries during patient transfer (which is estimated to have a direct cost in the range of $28-$128 million annually), eliminating patient injuries during surface transfers, reducing staff requirements for patient transfers by as much as 6 to 1, improving long-term outcome and reducing healthcare costs for patients benefiting from reduced time to treatment, improving long-term hospital staff retention and improving patient throughput.
The PS3 has been designed to provide a wide range of application across a broad spectrum of patient treatment from trauma through convalescence, in a scalable and modular format. PS3's design requires little modification to existing interfacing equipment, while providing a multiplicity of safety interlocks using simple and readily adapted mechanisms.
The heart of the PS3 system is the frameless single surface platform which may be formed in 2-3 segments to provide articulation of a backrest portion and, optionally, a knee gatch. Although some loss of functionality may occur, it is nevertheless contemplated to provide full or partial framing, as need may dictate, for particular applications. The single surface platform or bed is designed to be lightweight, thin and modular, and may incorporate a wing system to provide for scalability in width, as required. In a preferred embodiment, a self-aligning self-locking quick release wing construction is provided to rapidly adapt the PS3 single surface platform to width requirements dictated by either patient comfort requirements, equipment space requirements or the like. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the wing attachments are additionally provided with a tension lever to insure tight fit to a single surface, while simultaneously acting as a fail-safe mechanism to prevent inadvertent disengagement. When desirable, and in order to reduce the number of loose parts, it is contemplated to fabricate the wings in a multiple segment hinged embodiment.
In an alternative embodiment, as opposed to scalable wings, a multiple width integrated solution may be provided, wherein a particular width PS3 single surface platform is initially chosen based upon anticipated needs. This embodiment serves to eliminate a proliferation of loose parts, e.g. wings, however it may necessitate a transfer of the patient to an alternatively sized PS3 single surface platform, as may be required.
The PS3 single surface platform is designed to facilitate compatibility with MRI and X-ray imagery equipment, as well as providing an easily adaptable platform for usage by emergency medical services personnel.
In a particular embodiment, the PS3 single surface platform can be provided with an inflatable air mattress for enhanced patient comfort. This mattress may be provided with multiple layers including a foam or gel overlying an impervious layer or an alternative self-healing layer analogous to a basketball self-healing membrane overlying a plurality of air chambers. The air mattress provides a means for rapid adaptation to various conditions experienced as the patient progresses from trauma through diagnosis, treatment and convalescence. Inflated on-demand by a small compressor in the frame, separate stand or auxiliary tray on PS3. This multi-layer air mattress is an alternative to continuous air systems which require constant power supply, constant connection to the fan system, are noisy and more maintenance intensive due to the constant run nature.
The second major component of the PS3 system is the single surface to transfer frame interface, which provides rapid transfer, is self-aligning, secure, of passive design and is designed to provide both Trendelenburg and reverse Trendelenburg positioning. In an illustrative, albeit non-limiting embodiment, the frame to single surface platform interface is further provided with one or more tabs which are designed to rotate or translate to a position above the single surface platform-to-frame interface to provide additional security. Contrary to prior art devices, the instant invention permits horizontal withdrawal of the frame to single surface interface, without requiring that the components drop below the mating surface for disengagement.
The third major component of the PS3 system is encompassed in the provision and accommodation of auxiliary components. Auxiliary components such as guard rails, IV pole holders, and the like are attachable to the PS3 support surface anywhere along the periphery of the support surface, utilizing the same self-locking features as the auxiliary blocks and wings, and need not be attached and reattached during patient movement from one area of treatment to another. The auxiliaries are designed so as not to extend below the PS3 or wing surface, thereby ensuring that the auxiliaries can be removed while the PS3 is mated to another surface.
In a preferred, albeit non-limiting embodiment, provision of a unique auxiliary block having a self-locking and quick release design enables enhanced ability for attachment of auxiliary devices. The system's modular design permits quick self-aligning attachment of all auxiliary components to a variety of modular components such as the PS3 surface support platform and/or the wings. By use of the scalable wings, along with an auxiliary block which incorporates a unique two-step locking mechanism, secure assemblage of specifically needed surface structure and auxiliary implementation can be readily achieved.
In an illustrative example, a patient will initially be assessed by EMS personnel and placed upon a PS3 patient surface platform or "PS3 bed". Auxiliary components such as an IV bag carrying fluids to the patient may be attached thereto. Self-lock, quick release transfer hooks may also be applied to the PS3 single surface platform along with the adjustable width self-storing handles and the single surface platform may be affixed to a wheeled carrier for transfer to the hospital emergency room. Once within the ER, a backrest and mid-section self-locking wing might be installed to enhance patient comfort. Additionally, guard rails may be secured along the peripheries of the PS3 single surface platform to provide enhanced patient security, while still enabling articulation for patient treatment and comfort.
Once within the hospital, the transfer frame can be positioned for engagement with the PS3 single surface platform. Utilizing the self-aligning features inherent in the single surface platform-to-frame interface, safe and secure transfer may be easily accomplished, thereby enabling removal of the wheeled carrier. Upon positioning of the PS3 single surface platform upon the transfer frame, the patient may be easily moved throughout the hospital for necessary tests and the like. This transport may be carried out in a horizontal mode or, by vertically orienting the support structure of the transfer frame, in the Trendelenburg or reverse Trendelenburg position, as desired.
In an illustrative embodiment, as will be further described below, the patient, while resting on the PS3 single support surface which is interfaced with the transfer frame, is first transported to the vicinity of an MRI device. The patient is then transferred directly to the MRI device, while always remaining on the PS3 single support surface.
The only modification required of the MRI device is the installation of an appropriate number of "T-pins" (usually two) to couple to the PS3 single surface platform. The entire patient support surface is positioned above the MRI scan bed, and once nominally positioned, any guard-rails or auxiliaries may be dismounted and stored on a separate rack or mounted to T-slots, or the like matable receiving surface, built into the MRI transfer frame. The quick-release Mid/Lower leg wings and guard-rails can then be removed, as well as the quick-release backrest wings and associated guard-rails. At this point the PS3 single surface support is lowered onto the MRI bed and self-positioning openings guide the T-pins into place as the patient support surface is lowered thereon. When fully supported upon the MRI bed, the PS3 transfer frame may be removed. Subsequently, the PS3 support surface is locked to the MRI bed by activation of the single handle which translates the locking mechanism, simultaneously interlocking about the T-pins, and releasing the locking elements which had prevented articulation of the backrest and knee gatch joints, which had maintained the PS3 support surface rigid. If necessary, auxiliaries may remain fixedly engaged to the MRI bed, while still enabling insertion of the patient within the MRI device.
Alternatively, when space within the MRI or CT scanner becomes problematic, the PS3 single surface platform may fully replace the imaging bed of the scanning device. In such an embodiment, the MRI or CT scanner will engage the PS3 in a side-drive configuration, wherein the matable receiving surface, e.g. the T-slot, is directly engaged by mating means made integral with the MRI/CT scanner. This allows elimination of the extra thickness caused by stacking of the PS3 and MRI/CT scan bed, and allows for removal of the articulation inter-lock module (which allows for improved imaging) and does away with the need for the T-pins.
With reference to the PS3 single surface support platform or "PS3 bed", the design is configured to initially provide a rigid backboard facility. Means are provided to maintain the segmented surface in a rigid configuration, e.g. by the use of spring loaded locking tubes, which are biased to a home position which insures positive engagement of adjacent segments, thereby precluding relative articulation therebetween, e.g. about the back rest or knee gatch articulation points.
An articulation inter-lock module is provided which is positionable within the confines of the PS3 single surface platform, in a manner such that translation of the articulation interlock module securement means can only be accomplished subsequent to insertion of the T-pins within the T-pin reception means, at which point the articulation inter-lock blocks securely grasp the T-pins and simultaneously disengage the means providing rigidity of the segments to a second position, whereby articulation of the segments is enabled. Thus, when mounted to an underlying surface which permits of articulation, the knee gatch and backrest may be adjusted for most efficient treatment and patient comfort.
An additional feature of the PS3 system is illustrated in the PS3 auxiliary block mounting mechanism. This mechanism is designed to securely mount within a matable receiving surface, which is ubiquitous to various members of the PS3 system. In a preferred, albeit non-limiting embodiment, the matable receiving surface is depicted as a T-slot. The T-slot may be provided in the sides of the PS3 single support surface, the transfer frame, the scalable wing system, and the various manifestations of guide-rails. By utilizing a combination of male/female coupling configurations, the component mounting system provides a self-locking and self-aligning attachment system which is infinitely adjustable within the mounting surface. Spring biasing means, or the like, provide for easy and quick release of mounted components, while, in a preferred embodiment, providing a supplemental locking element which provides for a secure fit and fail-safe attachment, thereby preventing inadvertent disengagement. Unique to the auxiliary mounting block, is a locking element incorporating a two-stage quick release feature. As illustrated below, this locking element provides for self-locking of the auxiliary block to a mounting surface and also self-locking of an auxiliary feature, e.g. an intravenous support pole (IV pole) within the auxiliary block. Application of force to the release mechanism to a first release point enables release of the IV pole, without any release of the auxiliary block form the mounting surface. Continued application of pressure to a second release point is effective for disengagement of the auxiliary block from the associated matable receiving surface.
In an alternative embodiment, a modification of the PS3 support surface is provided which enables articulation and actuation of both the knee gatch and backrest incline while the PS3 support surface is engaged with the PS3 Frame, in addition to Trendelenburg and Reverse Trendelenburg within the PS3 Frame. This modification, in addition to allowing backrest incline and knee gatch articulation while in the PS3 frame, further permits improved access to both sides of the PS3 single surface platform when in "Bed/Gurney" mode (at rest or transport) and support of PS3 Single Surface when suspended in the PS3 Frame, which allows for easier installation/removal of the Articulation Interlock Module. This support embodiment heavily reduces the chance of binding and force required to install/remove the Articulation Interlock Module.
Two major approaches for this embodiment are contemplated, a first embodiment wherein a full width version with full low profile frame is provided which stays attached to the frame at the main single surface platform to frame interface hooks. This embodiment utilizes conventional gurney backrest incline actuation which is usually pneumatic shocks which stay within the frame height. The knee gatch is also actuated by typical gurney means within the frame height. This embodiment would require one transfer to narrow width version of PS3 if need for MRI/CT scan. It is noted that the T-pins and keyhole lock modules would still be used to lock PS3 into another surface, but the interlock for backrest and knee gatch articulation would not be necessary. In a second embodiment a two column mid cross-bar version is provided, wherein one version has "head" end and leg end "specified" and a more complicated version which is not specific with regard to the head end versus the leg end of the single surface platform with respect to frame. In this embodiment, the frame cross bar may be moved laterally to a middle position, irrespective of the backrest/knee gatch articulation within the frame, thereby improving side access within the frame.
In order to fully explain the various features, of PS3, its auxiliary components and alternative embodiments, reference will now be made, in detail, to the accompanying figures, wherein like elements are uniformly numbered throughout.
With regard to diagnostic interfaces, the MRI is thought to be the most difficult, primarily due to its package constraints and very narrow patient platform. The MRI also adds a challenge through the requirement that any interface equipment is of nonferrous material, which the PS3 design facilitates.
Now with particular reference to
With reference to
As further illustrated in
The embodiment illustrated in
Now referring to
It is further noted that the unique design of the single surface to frame interface 50 on the single surface platform provides a secure, self-aligning interface between the PS3 platform 12 and the frame to single surface interface 40. The single surface to frame interface also allows quick release of the single surface platform 12 from the frame 32 once the single surface platform is fully lowered onto another surface.
With reference now to
Now with reference to
With reference to
Referring to
All patents and publications mentioned in this specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. All patents and publications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
It is to be understood that while a certain form of the invention is illustrated, it is not to be limited to the specific form or arrangement of parts herein described and shown. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention and the invention is not to be considered limited to what is shown and described in the specification. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. Any devices, methods, procedures and techniques described herein are presently representative of the preferred embodiments, are intended to be exemplary and are not intended as limitations on the scope. Changes therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention and are defined by the scope of the appended claims. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
Silver Leaves Earrings 4 4
Beautiful These are light weight and wear beautifully. I've gotten lots of comments on them. Even from my hubby! January 8, 2015
Beautiful earrings I love these earrings! I have the necklace that matches and I love the set. I had looked for a long time for silver leaves and these are perfect! February 18, 2014
Unique Silver Leaves Earrings The only reason I gave this review 4 stars is because one of the earrings has imperfections within it. I think they are fun, classy, and quite unique. I can't wait to wear them and show them off! January 5, 2014
Very Pretty Earrings. Happy with my purchase. Pretty earrings love the detailing. December 3, 2013
1-4 of 4

subset: commoncrawl


text:
SlimShots Review
What You Should Know
SlimShots is a diet aid in effervescent tablet form that employs a combination of three distinct formulas to achieve weight loss. The product asserts that it optimizes the human metabolism to enable the body to succeed in its weight loss attempts. Each effervescent tablet is taken at the predetermined time with a full glass of water. The morning dose kick starts the metabolism and helps the consumer experience a burst of energy. SlimShot's midday dose limits the fat absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and also helps with the actual digestion processes. The nightly dose contains no stimulants but nonetheless claims to burn fat during the hour that the body is at rest.
The SlimShot morning dose is a proprietary mix of green tea and coffee, supplemented vitamin B, cherry stalk, wild pansy, olive wood, meadow-sweet, mate, and ash wood cola. At noon, consumers ingest a dose of citrus and apple pectin, guar gum, and also cider vinegar. The nightly SlimShot dose contains chromium, grape marc and papaya extracts, cacao, orange skin, and pineapple. SlimShot's manufacturers are so sure of their product's effectiveness that they decided to offer consumers a no questions asked 100% refund within 60 days from the date the order was placed.
Product Features
SlimShot's morning dose is said to be so fast acting that it takes effect within five minutes. At that time it is the green coffee, tea and mate combination that provides that alertness while the vitamin B supplementation infuses strength into the immune system. When consumers take their noon dose, the pectins serve as appetite suppressants, while the guar gum adds fiber that helps the body to feel full and sated. Cider vinegar is indicated for its fat burning capacity.
SlimShot suggests that the nightly dose of cacao and organ peel entices the body to enter into a state of thermogenesis that heightens the body temperate and therefore results in a more rapid fat loss. Chromium attacks the sugars which were digested and metabolizes them at an elevated rate. In conjunction with the dietary aids, consumers also ingest at least three full glasses of water during the day, a long recognized necessity for those on a diet.
- SlimShot is a dietary aid in the form of easy to carry effervescent tablets. There is no need to buy special diet drinks, since consumers can mix them right at the table.
- SlimShot customers are rewarded for their order with a one year free subscription to a healthy lifestyle magazine. The choices are Fitness, Muscle & Fitness, Maxim, and Elle.
- The dietary aid comes with a 100% 60-day money back guarantee.
- Although the SlimShot website contains a wealth of consumer testimonials, it is devoid of clinical studies, trials, or at least links to scientific evidence that the various ingredients perform the tasks the company promises.
- Chromium supplementation is a risky proposition; federal guidelines were changed in 2007 to reduce the average daily intake per adult female to 25 µg. Unfortunately, the SlimShot site fails to indicate the dosage in the evening tablet.
- Mate, assuming it refers to yerba mate, is being researched for its medicinal properties, among them its effect mimicking monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Consumers who are already ingesting MAO inhibitors are at an elevated risk of suffering from high blood pressure and associated illnesses. The SlimShots website fails to disclose this.
SlimShot is an intriguing diet aid and the idea that three simple effervescent slimming drinks may hold the key to enabling the body's metabolism to shed unwanted pounds is tempting. Unfortunately, the lack of clinical studies and the failure to disclose potentially harmful drug interactions but instead selling the tablets as a safe means of boosting weight loss is somewhat irresponsible. Last but not least, SlimShot makers fail to remind consumers that maintaining a healthy diet and also regular exercise are instrumental in heightening a person's odds of maintaining good health and a healthy weight.


text:
18 members have or want this plant for trade.
There have been 2 comments posted about this bloom.
Join the discussion!
plantladylin wrote:Beautiful shot of those blooms! Before I opened the thumbnail I though it was Aeschynanthus (Lipstick Plant.) Very pretty!
locakelly wrote:Great pic Xenomorf! I so love spring here with all the Penstemon in bloom;o)
[ Home |
About |
Advertise |
Media Kit |
Mission |
Featured Companies |
Submit an Article |
Terms of Use |
Tour |
Rules |
Privacy Policy |
Cookie Policy |
Contact Us ]
Back to the top
Copyright © 2000-2015 Dave's Garden, an Internet Brands company. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Elle Switches
Elle Switches
As one of the reliable and eminent traders and suppliers in this domain, we are offering our clients high quality range of switches, sourced from elle. Designed and manufactured in compliance with the latest technologies, these switches are highly appreciated for durability, reliability and functionality. Widely used for breaking an electrical circuit, we offer these switches in various specifications in order to meet the requirements and demands of our valued clients.
Elle Modular Switches
The offered innovative range of Elle Modular Switches is manufactured by vendors using state-of-the-art technology and high quality raw material. Provides an attractive appearance to the decor, these switches are designed to perfection and are widely demanded for features like flawless finish, longer durability and shock & rust proof nature. Sleek in design and soft operation, these switches are available in different elegant designs and technical specifications.
To,Unity Marketing


text:
Hitman Go Airport content patch lands on iPhone and iPad with new puzzles to solve
Square Enix has today announced a content update for Hitman Go has been released on the app store, adding more levels and functionality to the highly-rated puzzle game. The update itself contains an array of gameplay mechanics, including moving walkways, civilian mode and skipping turns, not to mention new enemies and 15 extra levels.
The Airport box is available for free through natural progression or for a one-time purchase of $0.99. This content patch brings the total number of unlockable levels to 83. It's a neat game to get started with, and while it may appear simple to play it's rather difficult to master. The Square Enix team has managed to take the Hitman universe and load it onto smartphones in a unique way without bogging down gameplay with ridiculous pay walls and sub-par experiences.
- $4.99 - Download Now
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!


text:
brown diamond and gold GG icon stardust stud earrings
designer's notes
Put the finishing touches to your signature look with classic jewels by Gucci.
color: Gold 18k yellow gold Round studs with cutout GG center and brown diamond outer ring ? approximate carat weight Post backs Measures 7/16'' round All measurements are approximate For the US, special return instructions apply. No returns will be accepted on international orders. 18K Yellow Gold / Brown Diamond; Italy; style# 313507901