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Metal News for June 4, 2009
Last updated on August 3, 2015 at 3:12 AM ET
We post metal news every day, throughout the day, covering thousands of metal bands including underground and unsigned bands. You are currently browsing the news archive, but you can also find news by band.
38 news articles posted on this day.
Interview with Eric Peterson of Testament
Testament has been working hard for almost thirty years. With the release of their latest album "The Formation of Damnation," a new found glory followed. The band is currently on tour with four original members and one who has been around long enough to be called original. I caught up with guitarist Eric Peterson on their stop in New Orleans where we talked about their trials, tribulations, and excitations. More...
Testament Guitarist Discusses Next Album
In a recent interview with Metal Asylum, Testament guitarist Eric Peterson talked about the next studio album from Testament, what to expect and how the songs relate to the bands latest album, "The Formation Of Damnation." You can read some exerpts below.
Metal Asylum: Do you have any songs left over from the recording of The Formation Of Damnation and will they show up on the next album?
Peterson: "Yes. We have a lot of riffs left over, songs…maybe one or two ready to go. After the touring is done in September/October, I will start putting stuff together and hopefully the album will be out in 2010. A couple songs are complete, just not vocally. One song is a ballad and we haven't had a slow one since Low ('Trail Of Tears'), and this one is incredible, I love it. It reminds me of something off SCORPIONS' Lovedrive. It has a very festive feel, very wintery European feel. I came up with some new riffs recently, one after I saw the new Underworld prequel Rise Of The Lycans, couple chords progressions. No lyrics yet for the new stuff." More...
Read the full article at Metal Asylum.
Children of Bodom Bassist Comments on NYC Show
Children of Bodom bassist, Henkka T. Blacksmith, has commented on the band's May 9th show in New York, following frontman Alexi Laiho's injury:
"New York show was a disaster. Something that we have been always afraid of. And during the last two weeks of the No Fear -tour we were really afraid during every show, we had no idea if Alexi's ribs and shoulder would make it through the set.
"Last hit in Hellhounds on my Trail and I saw a guitar flying into the Jaska's drum riser. Alexi was gone. I knew that now it was too much, and then back of the stage I saw him, and crew said he can't go on. It's horrible feeling, when there's a couple of thousand fans in New York city waiting for next song. There was nothing we could do though... It sucks.
"Two weeks of rest and we rehearsed again, and it seemed better. The shoulder is fully healed, but a broken rib is still hurting when singing. First show since 'NYC disaster' was to be in Gelsenkirchen, Germany, Rock Hard -festival. Before the show we just had to hope for the best, that everything would go ok. During the show I saw that he was gonna make it, even though still not able to move normally, but the look in Alexi's face was totally different than during the last days of the tour. We pulled it off, and German crowd was good, as it always is in Rock Hard. Thanks everybody who was there! Next week, we go to Pohjanmaa, Seinäjoki where Provinssirock is held. Looking forward, crazy drunken Finns and almost nightless nights."
Children of Bodom will be teaming up with fellow Finns Amorphis on a South American tour this fall. Dates are:
Sept. 08 Buenos Aires, Argentina - Teatro Flores
Sept. 10 Santiago de Chile, Chile - Teatro Teleton
Sept. 12 Sao Paulo, Brazil - Via Funchal
Sept. 15 Mexico City, Mexico - Circo Volador
Sept. 16 Monterrey, Mexico - Monterrey Metal Fest at Arena Santa Lucía
Dying Fetus Announces New Album Details
Dying Fetus have announced the title and release date for their forthcoming full-length. The band's seventh studio recording, "Descend Into Depravity," is set for a September 15th North American release date via Relapse Records. "Descend Into Depravity" was recorded at Wright Way Studios with producer Steve Wright in the band's hometown of Baltimore, MD. Additional album details, including a preview of the artwork, will be made available shortly.
A Band Of Orcs Plans The Domination Of The World
The rampaging orcs of the Gore-Stained Axe Tribe made their way into our world to pillage and destroy, but decided to start making brutal music instead when they heard the sounds of Slayer. Their first album "WarChiefs of the Apocalypse" was unleashed onto the human world in the summer of 2007 under the name A Band Of Orcs. I managed to get an interview out of the orcs, in between their attempts to eat me and add my skull to their pile. More...
Nevermore To Enter The Studio This Summer
Seattle based metal outfit Nevermore will be entering the studio at the end of August to record their brand new studio album, "The Obsidian Conspiracy." The record is expecting an early 2010 release date through Century Media Records.
Vocalist Warrel Dane states: "These songs are full of newfound rage, lyrically and musically. Jeff Loomis has come up with some amazing new riffs that will no doubt please old and new fans alike. Also, I think the combination of Peter and Andy will result in something very, very special"
Kreator Announces Russian Tour Dates
Kreator has issued the following announcement about upcoming Russian tour dates:
"Hi everyone!
"Kreator are extremely proud to announce that they will be doing a four club tour in RUSSIA this September! They are quite excited about the chance to play Russia again. The dates and clubs are as follows:
September 11, 2009 - Moscow, Russia - 1Rock Club
September 12, 2009 - SPB, Russia - GLAVclub
September 13, 2009 - Krasnodar, Russia - 'People' club
September 14, 2009 - Rostov, Russia - 'Podzemka' club
"In other news, the Tribute to Slime sampler that Kreator has contributed a cover to 'Alle Gegen Alle' has now been released! For more information, please go here."
Preview Of Guitar Hero: Van Halen Posted Online
A one minute video preview of the new video game Guitar Hero: Van Halen, has been posted online via YouTube. You can check it out below. The video game is expected to be released later this year along with Guitar Hero 5 and DJ Hero. More details are expected to be announced soon. More...
Deathcode Society Offering Demo For Download
Deathcode Society is currently offering the two tracks from their demo "Ite Missa Est" for download online. The songs "The Inner Vortex," and "Seraphic Requiem" can be downloaded at the band's MySpace page.
Dagor Dagorath Streaming New Song Online
Dagor Dagorath has issued the following statement about streaming a new song on their MySpace page:
"We recently uploaded a new song 'The Devil on the Chain' from our upcoming album, you can have a listen in our profile player. And we also got a new myspace design, check it out and tell us what you think!"
The song comes from the band's upcoming album "Yetzer Ha'Ra," which will be released later this summer by both the Dutch label Ziekte-NL and the Russian label More Hate Productions.
Unleashed Updates Summer Festival Appearances
Unleashed has issued the following update about their upcoming summer festival schedule:
"Warriors of Midgard !!!
"Unleashed celebrates 20 years of Viking Death Metal in 2009! So join us on the upcoming festivals. Raise your goblets and horns in a toast to the past, and blot to Odin for victory in the coming 20 years! Unleashed will always continue to represent the rebellion against all that is false and unjust.
"Wherever the oppression still has the upper hand against our kin, they need to understand that their actions will have consequences. The Battalions of the world are growing stronger by the day.....and retaliation will be merciless.
"Hail Odin!"
The currently confirmed dates are as follows: More...
Gwar Singer Oderus Booked For Wrestling Match
Oderus Urungus, lead singer of shock rock band Gwar, has been booked to wrestle former ECW wrestler Tracy Smothers at the Schoenbaum Amphitheater, Coonskin Park, Charleston, WV on June 24th.
Oderus states: "I have no idea how I got roped into this one. I guess someone is making money off it. No matter! I will be there, with bells on, and this Tracy Smothers so-and-so is going to find out just what it's like to go toe-to toe with an intergalactic god! I just hope he shaves his armpits first." More...
Amorphis Tops The Finnish Charts
Finnish metal outfit Amorphis has scored a number one album with their new studio record, "Skyforger" in their native country, beating such big name artists such as Marilyn Manson, Green Day and Eminem to the top spot. The album has not yet received a North American release but will hit the shelves shortly on June 16th.
Devildriver Reveals New Album Tracklisting
American metal band Devildriver has revealed the tracklisting for their forthcoming fourth studio album, "Pray For Villains" which is set to be released on July 14th.
The tracklisting is as follows:
"Pray For Villains"
"Pure Sincerity"
"Fate Stepped In"
"Back With A Vengeance"
"I've Been Sober"
"Resurrection Blvd"
"Forgiveness Is A Six Gun"
"Waiting For November"
"It's In The Cards"
"Another Night In London"
"Bitter Pill"
"Teach Me To Whisper"
"I See Belief"
God Forbid Posts "War Of Attrition" Video Online
New Jersey based metal act God Forbid has posted their new music video online for the song, "War Of Attrition." You can check it out below. The song comes from the bands latest studio album, "Earthsblood" which in stores now.
Guitarist Doc Coyle states: "Shooting videos kinda sucks. Especially performance videos. You have to head bang for 10 hours in a row, fake play your songs, and you don't even know if all the work will pay off with an awesome video. With that said, this is by far the best performance video we've ever had and it really captures the intensity of the song. As you can see from the clip, we really put our trust in Ian who was incredible to work with. Ian and his crew were super professional. I can't wait for everyone to see the finished product. And like Dave Chappelle says, 'Everything looks better in slow motion.' See you all this summer." More...
Chaosanct Reveals New EP Cover Artwork
Chaosanct has issued the following update about revealing the cover art for their upcoming EP "The Ascendance of Impurity:"
"A little update before the music is officially unveiled shortly, but here is the cover artwork along with our new logo! This is also the print on our first ever tshirt which will be available as soon as we get it up on ebay or the web store :)
"We'll be putting up some new tracks, and some o the older tracks up online soon, with the older ones now featuring the ferocious guitarwork of our resident fretboard wizard Paul Scanlan!"
Carpathian Forest Warns Of Internet Imposters
Carpathian Forest has issued the following announcement about people pretending to be front man Nattefrost on the internet:
"When he's one of the dozens of fakes on MySpace and elsewhere pretending to be NATTEFROST! We've even had someone getting bands to send music.
"So please be careful when someone says they are NATTEFROST because 99.9999% of the time you can be sure it's NOT. He is rarely on the internet and never uses MSN or any other form of Instant Messaging.
"So just to be certain, the pages below are the ONLY pages anywhere that are run by NATTEFROST and his management, and no other pages claiming to be NATTEFROST or CARPATHIAN FOREST (yep, there are lots of those too) have any contact with him whatsoever:
"MySpace, Facebook, ReverbNation, Engangsgrill (run together with Indie Recordings). More...
Gorod Announces New Album Release Party
French metallers Gorod have announced that they will be having a release party for their upcoming album "Process Of A New Decline." The party will take place on June 12th at the Heretic Club in Bordeaux.
Destrage Signs To Coroner Records
Italian alternative melodeath metallers Destrage just signed with Coroner Records for the release of their debut album entitled "Urban Being." The album features an incredible technical approach and some of the most versatile musicianship you will ever hear.
"Urban Being" has been produced by Ettore Rigotti (Disarmonia Mundi, Slowmotion Apocalypse, Stigma) and will be released on June 24th.
Here's the "Urban Being" tracklisting:
1. Trash for Sale
2. Art for Free
3. Self ID Generator
4. The H Factor
5. Joker the Fast
6. Infinite Dump System Circle
7. Beauty Clown
8. Digital Abuse
9. Very Important Pointless
10. Urban Being
A preview of the new tracks can be heard at the official Destrage MySpace page.
Howard Jones To Participate In New BHBS Album
A few weeks back MetalSucks interviewed Howard Jones and Mike D'Antonio about the new KILLSWITCH ENGAGE album. That interview will run soon enough, but for now there's some news we just have to share regarding new music from BLOOD HAS BEEN SHED, the band Jones and drummer Justin Foley were in prior to KILLSWITCH ENGAGE.
Back in January, BLOOD HAS BEEN SHED guitarist Corey Unger confirmed that he was, at long last, writing a new album, but hinted that Jones and Foley might be involved in only limited capacity, if at all. Unger stated that "There is a vast mix of people who will be involved in this project including the original members. The line-up of musicians is very artistically driven based on the album's style."
Here's what Jones had to say on the matter during the interview with MetalSucks.net:
MetalSucks: There was some news a little while ago that there might be another Blood Has Been Shed album. Are you involved in that still in any capacity?
Howard Jones: Well... yeah [laughs].
MetalSucks: They made it sound like you might not be coming back...
HJ: We're just trying to figure out what exactly it is that we're going to do. Blood Has Been Shed is just one of those things where none of us do it full time, barely part time. We'll get something out.
Mike D'Antonio: It's crazy, too. I've heard some tracks [laughs]. It's pretty nuts, and Blood Has Been Shed was already nuts.
HJ: I don't know how it went to another level, but whew boy. I can actually say I've never heard anything like this.
MD: It might have to do with Corey getting struck by lightning twice.
HJ: Probably. Dude was insane as it is, but now . . . wow [laughs]. Wow. Musically, I've never heard anything like it. It's still heavy and very confusing. I would just go, "How am I supposed to sing over this?"
Ventflow Confirmed For Bloodstock Open Air
British heavy metal outfit Ventflow are the latest band to be added to Bloodstock Open Air festival in Derbyshire this year. The band earned the spot after winning a battle of the bands. Ventlow will be releasing their anticipated debut album, "Terrorsiah" in July of this year.
Ratt To Enter The Studio This Month
Ratt frontman Stephen Pearcy has confirmed that the band will be heading into the studio in a few weeks to record their brand new studio album which will be released later this year. This will be the bands first album of original material for ten years. Stay tuned for further updates.
Suffocation Announces Fan Art Contest
New York's death metal legends Suffocation has announced a contest for fans over the age of 18. The band want fans to submit their interpretation of purgatory in the form of a sketch, drawing, painting, collage, or other visual work created with pencil, ink, pastel, oil and/or other constituents (a contestant's "Entry"). Email your submissions to firstname.lastname@example.com with the subject heading of "Suffocation – Images of Purgatory Contest" followed by your full name, address and home number. The grand prize includes a Suffocation hoodie, a Suffocation beanie, a copy of the new album "Blood Oath", trading cards, an autographed poster, a pair of drumsticks and a guitar pick. Two runners up will win a copy of the album and an autographed poster.
The band has also announced a limited edition package deal for their forthcoming new studio album, "Blood Oath." The offer is exclusive to the Nuclear Blast USA store and includes:
- Black Shirt w/ Cover Print
- Regular Album CD Version
(w/ Two Bonus Tracks not on Blood Red edition)
There is also a special package which is limited to only 1,000 which features:
- Red Shirt w/ Black Art Print
-Autographed Poster
- Red Jewel Case Edition
(w/ Two Bonus Tracks not in Regular Edition)
- 5 Band Member Trading Cards
- Red Suffocation Bag
Ignominious Incarceration Announces U.K. Tour
Extreme metal band Ignominious Incarceration has announced that they will be touring Britain next month along with The Boy Will Drown, Bleed From Within and The Argent Dawn.
Ignominious Incarceration drummer Sam Bailey states: "Masters of Metal tour is a combination of our favourite UK metal bands. Not to mention touring with amazing dudes, we are hitting some of our favourite venues in the country, which means the antics that will take place over this 7 day UK tour will be legendary. Everything will be recorded and documented over our YouTube page, from the pits and gigs to the drinking and antics. You seriously can't miss this tour!"
The tour dates are as follows: More...
Despised Icon Reveals New Album Title
Canadian extreme metal outfit Despised Icon has revealed that their new studio album will be entitled, "Day Of Mourning." They have also announced that they will be releasing the album on September 22nd through Century Media Records. More...
As You Drown Posts New Song "Swallow" Online
Swedish death metal outfit As You Drown has posted another new song online entitled, "Swallow." You can check it out at the official Metal Blade Records Myspace. The song will appear on the bands debut studio album, "Reflection" which is scheduled to be released in earlt July via Metal Blade Records.
Initial Thrash and Burn 2009 Tour Dates Announced
The second annual THRASH & BURN TOUR will be headlined by California metallers DevilDriver, with direct support from New England hardcore outfit Emmure. The North American tour kicks off July 24 in San Diego. The full list of tour dates can be found below. The THRASH & BURN TOUR 2009 will be offering a very special presale starting early next week.
Check out MetalInjection.net for a brand-new THRASH & BURN tour video produced by DevilDriver frontman Dez Fafara.
The THRASH & BURN TOUR 2009 showcases a diverse mix of underground metal bands and features many of today's heaviest hitters and up-and-comers including Despised Icon, MyChildren MyBride, Veil of Maya, For the Fallen Dreams, Oceano, Periphery, and Thy Will Be Done. Several stops on the tour will see the addition of a special guest band, for a total of 10 national acts each night.
DevilDriver frontman Dez Fafara commented on the upcoming tour and his band's headlining slot: "The time could not be better for DEVILDRIVER and THRASH & BURN to come together to support the UNDERGROUND! We are elated to bring our first full headlining tour of major markets and combine it with THRASH & BURN's pick of new, up and coming, heavy bands. Affordable tickets, combined a full package of amazing bands with a wide range of different styles and sounds, will make for an insanely killer time for those who come out to the shows. Raise your glasses; this will be a tour to remember! Hail."
Here are the latest THRASH & BURN 2009 tour dates, with more to be announced:
July 24 – San Diego, CA – Soma
July 25 – West Hollywood, CA – House of Blues
July 26 – Las Vegas, NV – House of Blues
July 27 – Tucson, AZ – Rialto Theatre
July 29 – Odessa, TX – Dos Amigos
July 30 – San Antonio, TX – White Rabbit
July 31 – Corpus Christi, TX – House of Rock
August 1 – Dallas, TX – House of Blues
August 2 – Houston, TX – Java Jazz
August 4 – Jacksonville, FL – Plush
August 5 – St. Petersburg, FL – The State Theatre
August 6 – Atlanta, GA – The Masquerade
August 7 – Raleigh, NC – Lincoln Theatre
August 8 – Allentown, PA – Crocodile Rock
August 9 – Baltimore, MD – Sonar
August 12 – Poughkeepsie, NY – The Chance
August 13 – Rochester, NY – Water Street Music Hall
August 14 – Toronto, ON – The Opera House
August 15 – Worcester, MA – The Palladium
August 16 – Montreal, QC – Club Soda
August 18 – Cleveland, OH – Peabody's
August 19 – Toledo, OH – Headliners
August 20 – Louisville, KY – Headliners Music Hall
August 21 – Mokena, IL – The Pearl Room
August 22 – Detroit, MI – Harpo's Concert Theatre
August 23 – Milwaukee, WI – The Rave
August 28 – Salt Lake City, UT – Club Vegas
Vader And Marduk To Tour Europe
Vader and Marduk will be teaming up to co-headline the Funeral Nation tour in Europe this Autumn. A message from Massive Music Booking & Promotional Agency reads:
"After long days of negotiations and preparations hereby we would like to announce Funeral Nation Tour 2009 - a co-headlining European tour of two well known metal monsters VADER and MARDUK. It's going to be a special event for all black and death metal freaks the more so because the tour will promote bands' newest full length albums. Vader is ready to unleash hell with their brand new monster Necropolis (to be out in August 21 through Nuclear Blast) while Marduk is working on a new opus for Regain Records. Be prepared for a massive panzer attack, ashes, burning ground and total destruction. During this killing trek the co-headliners will be supported by amazing Italian brutal death metal band FLESHGOD APOCALYPSE and one more act (soon to be announced). Funeral Nation Tour 2009 will cover most of European regions except for the UK, Scandinavia, the Balkans and Baltic States. Marduk and Vader are planning to invade these places early 2010!"
The tour dates are as follows: More...
More Bands Added To Black Label Society Tour
Black Label Society leader Zakk Wylde has revealed that Five Finger Death Punch and Seventh Void (featuring members of Type O Negative) will be touring with the band along with Mudvayne and Static-X later this year.
"It's a small world, so everybody knows everybody. I've known the guys since the OZZFest. So we're going to have a fucking blast. (It will be) Static-X, Mudvayne, a couple guys from TYPE O NEGATIVE started their own band (SEVENTH VOID) so they got that thing going on. FIVE FINGER DEATH PUNCH. There's six bands on the fucking bill so we're going to have a good fucking time."
The Rockstar Ramblings: Ozzy & Hookers for Jesus
Ozzy Osbourne is suing the original members of Black Sabbath, claiming all four should share naming rights of the band. I'm assuming Ozzy is referring to Toni Iommi, Geezer Butler, Bill Ward, and Sharon Osbourne…. More...
Threat Signal Posts New Songs Online
Canadian thrash metal outfit Threat Signal has posted some more songs online from their new studio album, "Vigilance." You can check out the songs "The Beginning Of The End" and "Beyond Recognition" at the band's official Myspace. The band has also revealed the tracklisting for the album which is as follows:
"Through My Eyes"
"The Beginning Of The End"
"United We Stand"
"Beyond Recognition"
"Another Source Of Light"
"Hate Machine"
"In Repair"
"Escape From Reality"
"To Remember"
An Interview With Everett Mason of APE
Everett Mason is one busy guy. As singer, songwriter, and guitarist for Canadian metal band Ape, he doesn't get much time for anything besides his music. Add to that the fact that Ape is currently an unsigned band who just released their second album, "Survival of the Fittest," and are busy marketing the album and themselves to the Canadian and U.S. music scenes. Fortunately, Everett took time out recently to chat with me about the unique origin of the band's name, the struggles of self-promotion, and what it's like to be a metal fan and musician. More...
3 Inches Of Blood Reveals New Album Title
Canadian heavy metal outfit 3 Inches Of Blood has revealed that their new studio album will be entitled, "Here Waits Thy Doom." The album will be released later this year through Century Media Records. Stay tuned for further details.
The 69 Eyes Reveals New Album Title
Finnish gothic rock outfit The 69 Eyes has announced that their new studio album, "Back In Blood." The record will be released at the end of August through Nuclear Blast Records. It was produced by Matt Hyde and features a special guest appearances from Ed Mundell of Monster Magnet.
Slayer Announces New Album Title
American thrash metal legends Slayer has announced that the title of their new studio album will be, "World Painted Blood." The record was produced by Greg Fidelman and will be released later this year through Columbia Records.
Gene Simmons Speaks On New KISS Album
In a recent interview with Ohio's QFM96, Gene Simmons spoke a little about the new KISS record and what to expect from the album. Simmons states:
"It's the first studio album in 11 years. You can't force those things - it's in your blood and it's happening. I have to say, this might be the best new record we've done since Destroyer. In fact it has a similar sound; Rock And Roll Over meets Love Gun sounding record. That's coming out in September/Octrober and then we will be doing a 60-city American tour."
Fozzy Posts New Demo Sample Online
Fozzy, the heavy metal band featuring wrestling superstar Chris Jericho and members of Stuck Mojo, has posted a sample of a new song entitled, "Martyr No More" online. You can check it out at their official Myspace. the song will be appearing on the bands forthcoming fourth studio album, "Chasing The Grail" which will be released later this year.
Entombed Planning South American Tour Dates
Entombed has announced their plans to tour South American in November, although no official dates have been set yet. The band issued the following brief statement about the tour:
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Val Plumwood
Val Plumwood (11 August 1939 – 29 February 2008) was an Australian ecofeminist philosopher and activist. She became prominent in the development of radical ecosophy from the early 1970s through the remainder of the 20th century.[1] At the time of her death, she was Australian Research Council Fellow at the Australian National University.
Plumwood was the author of several books, including Feminism and the Mastery of Nature (1993) and Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason (2002).
Plumwood was born Val Morell to a family of poor poultry farmers near Sydney. In the 1960s she studied philosophy at the University of Sydney.[2]
From the 1960s on, Plumwood was active in movements to preserve biodiversity and halt deforestation, and helped establish the trans-discipline known as ecological humanities. She held positions at North Carolina State University, the University of Montana, and the University of Sydney. At the time of her death, she was Australian Research Council Fellow at the Australian National University.
She married twice. She divorced her second husband, philosopher Richard Routley, in 1981. Routley, who died in 1996, changed his name to Richard Sylvan in 1983, and Plumwood changed hers to Plumwood after Plumwood Mountain where her home was. A son and daughter from her first marriage both predeceased her.[3]
Plumwood was found dead on 1 March 2008 and is thought to have died on 29 February. The cause of death was originally thought to be a snakebite or spider bite, but was confirmed to be the result of a stroke.[2][4]
Plumwood's major theoretical works are her 1993 Feminism and the Mastery of Nature and her 2002 Environmental Culture: the Ecological Crisis of Reason. She has elaborated her views in four books and over one hundred papers.[5]
Plumwood critiques what she describes as "the standpoint of mastery," a set of views of the self and its relationship to the other associated with sexism, racism, capitalism, colonialism, and the domination of nature. She draws on feminist theory to analyze this standpoint, which she argues involves "seeing the other as radically separate and inferior, the background to the self as foreground, as one whose existence is secondary, derivative or peripheral to that of the self or center, and whose agency is denied or minimized."[6]
She identifies the human/nature dualism as part of a series of problematic, gendered dualisms, including "human/animal, mind/body... male/female, reason/emotion, [and] civilized/primitive."[6] She argues for abandoning these dualisms, and correspondingly the traditional Western notion of a rational, unitary, Cartesian self, in favor of an ecological ethic based on empathy for the other. In doing so, she rejects not only the "hyperseparation" between the self and the other, and between humanity and nature, involved in the hegemonic view, but also postmodern alternatives based on a respect for absolute difference and deep ecological alternatives based on a merging of the self and the world, in favor of a view that recognizes and grounds ethical responsibility in both the continuities and the divisions between the subject and the object, and between people and the environment.[6]
Plumwood was a vegetarian, her affirmation of the ecological significance of predation notwithstanding, on account of her objection to factory farming.[7] She advocated a "semi-vegetarian" position she labelled Ecological Animalism, in opposition to the animal rights platform of Carol J. Adams, which Plumwood called ontological veganism. She criticised this position on the grounds of its endorsement of human/nature dualism.[8]
Near-death experience[edit]
During a visit to Kakadu National Park in 1985, Plumwood camped at the East Alligator ranger station.[9] While exploring the East Alligator Lagoon and its backwaters in a canoe borrowed from the park service, Plumwood was attacked by a saltwater crocodile.[10]
In her 1996 essay "Being Prey", Plumwood described her near-death experience during the crocodile attack. She was alone on the river and saw what appeared to be a "floating stick" that she soon realized was a crocodile. Before she could get ashore the crocodile attacked her canoe and in her attempt to leap ashore to avoid being capsized, Val was seized by the crocodile. The essay describes the three "death rolls" the crocodile put her through before her escape up a steep mud bank to safety. Despite her severe injuries Plumwood managed to start walking towards the ranger station - when she began to black out she continued on by crawling. When she had not returned to the ranger station by nightfall, one of the rangers went looking for her and heard her shouting for help. Plumwood then had a 13-hour trip to Darwin hospital where she spent a month in intensive care followed by extensive skin grafts.[11]
From this experience, Plumwood gained a perspective that humans are part of the food chain as well, and that our culture's human-centric view is disconnected from the reality that we also are food for animals.[12]
Selected works[edit]
- Plumwood, Val. Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. Routledge, 1993.
- Plumwood, Val. Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason. Routledge, 2002.
- Val Plumwood (Routley) and Richard Routley, The Fight for the Forests: The Takeover of Australian Forests for Pines, Wood Chips and Intensive Forestry, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, 1973.
- Richard Routley and Val Plumwood, "The 'Fight for the Forests' affair," in Brian Martin, C. M. Ann Baker, Clyde Manwell and Cedric Pugh (eds.), Intellectual Suppression: Australian Case Histories, Analysis and Responses (Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1986), pp. 70–73.
- Plumwood V, 2004, " `The fight for the forests' revisited", The William Main Forestry Lecture Series, University of California, Berkeley, CA
- Plumwood, Val, The Fight for the Forests Revisited, paper delivered to Win, Lose or Draw: the Fight for the Forests? A Symposium, Old Canberra House, Australian National University, 14 October 2003. [1]
- Plumwood, Val, "The Eye of the Crocodile", edited by Lorraine Shannon. ANU E Press, Canberra, Australia, 2012. [2]
- ^ Mathews, Freya (1999). "Ecophilosophy in Oz". Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Nature 3 (2).
- ^ a b Val Plumwood (11 August 1939 to 29 February 2008): International Society for Environmental Ethics (ISEE)
- ^ Freya Matthews, "Val Plumwood", The Guardian, 26 March 2008.
- ^ Sydney Morning Herald, 6 March 2008
- ^ Australian National University faculty bio
- ^ a b c Palmer, Joyce (2001). 50 Key Thinkers on the Environment. Routledge. pp. 283–8. ISBN 0-415-14699-2.
- ^ "Being Prey" (p. 7): "I was a vegetarian at the time of my encounter with the crocodile, and remain one today. This is not because I think predation itself is demonic and impure, but because I object to the reduction of animal lives in factory farming systems that treat them as living meat."
- ^ Plumwood, Val (2012). The Eye of the Crocodile. ANU E Press. p. 78. ISBN 9781922144171. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
- ^ Val Plumwood canoe: National Museum of Australia collection highlight
- ^ "Surviving a Crocodile Attack", by Val Plumwood from the book The Ultimate Journey, UTNE Reader, July-August 2000
- ^ "Taken by a crocodile", as told to Michelle Hamer, The Age, 12 January 2004
- ^ "Being Prey"
Further reading[edit]
- An essay on Plumwood's work can be found in 50 Key Thinkers on the Environment (ed. Joy A. Palmer, Routledge 2001, 283-290). Plumwood's environmental theory and activism also features in Martin Mulligan and Stuart Hill Ecological Pioneers (Cambridge University Press 2001, 274-300). Plumwood contributed some strategic thinking to the Environmental Politics' 10th year anniversary issue, "Green Thinking? from Australia" Environmental Politics 10(4) 2001, pp 85–102.
- Prest, James (1997) "Protecting Plumwood Mountain" 41(6)National Parks Journal 17. (National Parks Association NSW). Discusses voluntary conservation agreement made under National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 and Wilderness Act 1987 over land in NSW.
- Hyde, Dominic (2009), "Two In the Bush: The Environmental Philosophy of Val Routley/Plumwood and Richard Routley/Sylvan", Southerly 69: 57-78.
- Hyde, Dominic (2014), "Eco-Logical Lives: the philosophical lives of Richard Routley/Sylvan and Val Routley/Plumwood", The White Horse Press, UK.
External links[edit]
- Val Plumwood & Friends: a blog site set up for friends to share thoughts and information.
- Prey to a Crocodile: an autobiographical account of an incident that, according to Plumwood, changed her life.
- Reply to Janis Birkeland: Plumwood defends her credentials as an ecofeminist.
- Feminism, Nature, and Discursive Ecologies: Review of Feminism and the Mastery of Nature by Stacy Alaimo.
- Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason: Review by Chris Cuomo.

subset: commoncrawl


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Are you interested in joining BEST BUDDIES?
Are interested in joining Best Buddies?
What is Best Buddies: Best Buddies is a nonprofit organization dedicated to creating opportunities for one-to-one friendships for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Founded in 1989 by Anthony Kennedy Shriver, Best Buddies is a vibrant, international organization that has grown from one original chapter to more than 1,500 college, high school and middle school campuses across the country and internationally
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Membership is ongoing all year long.
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In addition to the above degree programs, SPSU also offers certificates in the following areas. The offering department is listed in parentheses. Admissions requirements vary, depending on the certificate.
Apparel Product Development (Industrial Engineering Technology)
Business Administration (Business Administration)
Business Continuity (Information Technology)
Communication Management (English, Technical Communications, and Arts)
Computer Science (Computer Science)
Computer Science Transition Certificate (Computer Science
Content Development (English, Technical Communications, and Arts)
Engineering Sales (ETM or Business Administration)
Instructional Design (English, Technical Communications, and Arts)
Information Security and Assurance (Information Technology)
Information Technology (Information Technology)
Information Technology Transition Certificate (Information Technology)
Land Development (Construction Management)
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Logistics (Industrial Engineering Technology)
Production Design (Industrial Engineering Technology)
Programming (Software Engineering)
Professional Spanish (International Studies)
Project Management: Construction (Construction Management)
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Quality Principles (Industrial Engineering Technology)
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Systems Engineering (Industrial Engineering Technology)
Technical Communication (English, Technical Communications, and Arts)
Visual Communications and Graphics (English, Technical Communications, and Arts)
Other certificates may be available. Check our web site for additional information.


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Sunday Link Love #008
Check out some of my favorite posts from my fellow beauty addicts…
- Tarte's Crown Jewels Gift Set is a "royal bargain" [Makeup and Beauty Blog]
- How-to: Smoldering Eye Makeup [Girls in the Beauty Department]
- How-to: Gifting Strategy by Sephora's Beauty Editors [Beauty and the Blog]
- 5 Multi-tasking miracles in a jar [Beauty Addict]
- Keep your nails in check during the winter [Daily Beauty Reporter]
- Did the Muse love Benefit Ooh La Lift? [Musings of a Muse]
- 10 new ways to wear the classic cat eye [BellaSugar]
Discussion and debate are highly encouraged, and we expect community members to participate respectfully. When asking a question, please check the FAQ section (above) for information about purchasing, price, dupes, and the like. If you have general feedback or need technical support, please contact us.
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text: Browns Set for Vital Draft Amid Owner's Troubles From CantonRep.com Apr 24, 2013 Share Tweet Next ARTICLE » Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories Matt Sullivan/Getty Images 67 Reads 0 Comments Browns owner Jimmy Haslam's first draft will be unlike any in team history. There's no guarantee it won't be his only one. Continue Reading on CantonRep.com »


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GamePron News Episode 13 follows the ups and downs of Australian politics, where gamers Down Under came this close to being treated like adults before having their hopes unceremoniously squashed (for now). A couple of familiar faces make very welcome comebacks – one on an island and one in the desert, The Voxel Agents win big at IGF China and two massive new games are launched on the same day, changing the world as we know it and revamping a classic.
…and then there's the gentleman suing Rockstar Games, claiming they stole his life and turned it into Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas.
Everybody has a voice, but everybody's talking about the same thing. There's a lot of noise out there, but Player Attack aims to cut through the fluff - or, sometimes, fill you in on the fluff you might have missed. We like indie releases, breathtaking concept art, and tie-in book launches. We love cheap thrills, a good soundtrack and finding innovative uses for gaming technology. All of that is reflected on the site, updated each day with stories and details about what is going on in the games industry, always paying attention to stories other outlets ignore.


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Tuesday, July 28, 2015
Ted S. Warren/Associated Press
Friday, April 11
Athletics 4, at Mariners 6
Pitching among a sea of yellow shirts as Safeco Field held "Supreme Court" (pictured), M's starter Felix Hernandez struck out a whopping 11 batters in seven-plus innings, faltering only in the eighth when the Angels scored four runs off of Hernandez and the M's bullpen. Meanwhile, Seattle had a big day on offense with 12 hits, including home runs by catcher Mike Zunino and shortstop Brad Miller.
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Covenant Classical School partners with All God's Children Preschool Academy to offer an after school program for students up to 6th grade. All God's Children Preschool Academy is very fortunate to have a highly qualified and experienced teacher, Mrs. Sandy Goularte. Mrs. Goularte's education is in early childhood and elementary education. She has a true love for children and has worked with children since 1989.
The afterschool program is offered from 2:30pm-6:30pm, Monday through Friday. The children enjoy an afternoon snack and take part in daily Bible devotions. In addition, children will be assisted in daily homework, specially planned activities, and will play outside when the weather permits.
Please contact Mrs. Sandy Goularte directly at firstname.lastname@example.com for more information or to register.


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Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at Boynapped
Boynapped features young lads who are kidnapped, tied-up, gagged, teased and then either left bound or dumped off on the side of the road by their gay seducers.
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Pixels: 320X240 | Bitrate: 350K
Pixels: 640X480 | Bitrate: 700K


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Cooking and Baking
japonica membrillo - 'quince' paste
Maybe I asked this before - but does anyone have a good recipe for quince paste, as in Spain/Portugal/Brazil, but made with the fruit from a japonica bush?
I have tried before and gotten stuff I like but no one else did, because it wasn't sweet enough. Where we live the japonicas don't really get ripe, but this year as with everything else, we have a bumper crop. I have japonica jelly left over from last year so want to do something different. Do I just need to add more sugar to the standard recipe?
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
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Our education system is in turmoil, and I believe there are various reasons for this. One, the new Common Core standards and their rollout has been a disaster.
Using tests scores to evaluate teachers is at best an attempt to make all those who think teaching is easy feel better. Kids are different from year to year, and trying to compare last year's class to the current one is invalid because the product, the kids, are not the same.
A widget is the same from year to year and can be compared to a set of values that can be measured objectively. Kids have to be evaluated year to year and even day to day as their lives are in constant flux.
This simple fact makes comparing last year's test scores to this year's scores an example of futility. Granted, we need a way of evaluating teachers, but this is best done by personal observations by their administrators and peers.


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Houston Dynamo defender Corey Ashe joined Kevin Eschenfelder and Jorge Vargas on CSN Houston's SportsTalk Live on Thursday afternoon.
In the latest episode of Dynamo Weekly, CSN Houston's Sebastian Salazar and Glenn David preview Satuday's match between the Houston Dynamo and New England Revolution.
Tickets for Saturday's match are still available and can be purchased at HoustonDynamo.com/Tickets or by calling (713) 276-GOAL.
Dynamo broadcast Glenn Davis is back on the air tonight with a new episode of Dynamo All-Access. The show will air on Yahoo! Sports Radio 1560 AM from 7-9 p.m.
Guests for the show include Dynamo head coach Dominic Kinnear, midfielder Brad Davis as well as New England Revolution players TBA. In addition, Davis will be talking Dynamo soccer with fellow broadcasters Matt Pedersen and Sebastian Salazar.
The call-in number for the show is 713-439-1560.
Eddie Robinson gets you ready for Saturday's match against the New England Revolution in the latest edition of This Week.
Tickets for this weekend's match can be purchased at HoustonDynamo.com/Tickets or by calling (713) 276-GOAL.
Check out the latest feature from Dynamo TV: All in for Kofi Sarkodie, presented by adidas. The third-year defender out of Akron looks back at Houston's run to the MLS Cup final in 2012 and discusses what the Dynamo need to do to get back to the league's championship game.
Watch highlights from the Houston Dynamo's 2-0 win over the Chicago Fire in Tuesday's MLS Reserve League match.
Go behind-the-scenes (and in the tunnel) from the Houston Dynamo's 1-0 loss to Sporting Kansas City on May 12.
There is no doubt that CSN Houston has done a fantastic job telling the story of the Houston Dynamo. This week, CSNHouston's Tiffany Blackmon took a look at the special bond between two Dynamo players, one vet and one young gun, who are playing big roles in the 2013 campaign. Watch her feature on the relationship between Ricardo Clark and Warren Creavalle.
In this week's Kickin' it with Calen Carr, presented by BMC Software, CSNHouston's Sara Eckert hangs with the Dynamo forward at a local barber shop. The two talk about his rehab from his knee injury, his collection of vinyl records and more.


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Wed April 22, 2009
NAU Student Film Celebrates Poetry
By Gillian Ferris Kohl
Flagstaff, AZ – April is National Poetry Month. So, it's only fitting that tonight, Northern Arizona University will present the debut screening of a new documentary film about poetry. It's called, Spoken Word. It's a collaborative project between two student filmmakers, an Emmy-award-winning director and NAU's creative writing department. Spoken Word not only captures what poetry SOUNDS like, but, also what it LOOKS like. Arizona Public Radio's Gillian Ferris Kohl reports.


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- About Bard
- Admission
- Academics
- Campus Life
- News & Events
Academic Program Affiliation(s): Physics
Academic Expertise: Physics
Area of Specialization: General Physics
Research Interests: Quantum Mechanics; Physics of Music; Nuclear & Particle Physics; Mathematical Physics; Data Analysis
Teaching Interests: Any kind of Physics; Many kinds of Mathematics; First-Year Seminar
Other Interests: History & Philosophy of Science; Wittgenstein; Classical Music; Various forms of popular music
2009-09-09 — Contribution
During my Fall 2009 sabbatical, I am developing courses on the science of alternative energies. i.e. Solar, wind, hydro, ...
Website: http://physics.bard.edu/deady/


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LEDs Magazine recently highlighted an interesting student project involving Shakespeare and LED lighting. Liverpool Hope University student Emma Armstrong took on the enormous task of attempting to recreate lighting conditions on a performing stage during Shakespeare's era using modern lighting technology, that is, light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Armstrong explains that "lighting" in Shakespeare's day mainly consisted of tallow (pig fat) candles used in lanterns and chandeliers. Her objective, then, was to reproduce the range of color, light, and flame using only LEDs. A difficult and time-consuming task, to say the least.
After much research, Armstrong first constructed a lighting environment for a stage using replicas of the chandeliers and lanterns that held the tallow candles. After construction, plays were performed and data catalogued.
Next, she attempted to reproduce the exact same lighting environment using LED light as a base. The performances for this experiment are scheduled to take place in July.
Emma Armstrong is a Master of Arts student at Liverpool Hope University, UK. For more information on the project, please visit www.lightingupshakespeare.wordpress.com or email email@example.com.
Tags: Emma Armstrong, LED lighting, Liverpool Hope University, Shakespeare


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In 'Ami' Interview, Lead Weberman Attorney Speaks Freely About Bloggers and DA
Ami Magazine does it again. Two weeks after DA Hynes gave Ami an exclusive and explosive interview, George Farkas, the lead attorney for Nechemya Weberman spoke to Ami in his first media interview post conviction. Here is some of what he had to say:
I firmly believed when the case started, as I believe now Nechemya Weberman is innocent. Nothing that happened during the trial convinced me otherwise. In 40 years or so of doing this I've been saddled with an innocent client maybe three or four times, and I've represented a lot of people. The pressure on a lawyer who represents an innocent guy is tremendous, because he feels for the soul of the person. A guilty guy deserves representation just as much. But if I know the guy really did it, and I can't convince the jury of a reasonable doubt, I can sleep at night.
I got to know Nechemya. I got to know his family. I saw what happened. I have a number of reasons why I doubted that he did this. Specifically, he never fit the pattern of a child abuser or monster. The entire case began on the say-so of one person, and it ended on the say-so of one person. There wasn't one shred of physical evidence. All there was, was her testimony. There are others from the same family who came up with other allegations once the case started to germinate that were basically nonsense. It was all rumors and innuendo.
Who spread these rumors and innuendos? Bloggers. In a case of such importance, my feeling is that if you want to tell your story, come forward and tell it in court! If you're too afraid, don't tell it to bloggers. I do know that there were allegations made by certain people that we would be ready to defend a moment's notice. If you're talking about a guy who's been doing this to his therapy patients for who knows how long, I would expect an army of victims to come forward, as happened with other cases. It's a pattern. I'd expect to see something physical, something on his computer, some proof that he's a monster, and it's not there.
This was bigger than Weberman. The way [DA Hynes presented] the case, the entire community was put on trial.
Listen, the idea that a Chasidic Jew has the same shot with a jury as anyone else is not true. That's not sour grapes. That's just a fact of life. If an average defendant starts out with a presumption of innocence, it's like a one run lead. A Chasidic Jew is two runs behind even before starting the game. There are preconceptions. There are stories told in a way that make Chasidic Jews look bad, like the story about the separate buses."
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Senate Committee Approves Legislation Assisting Nonprofits with High Energy Costs
The U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources passed a comprehensive energy bill on Thursday titled "The Energy Policy Modernization Act of 2015," which included the…
NY State Announces Selection of 5 Orgs Given Licenses to Manufacture Medical Marijuana
The New York State Department of Health (DOH) announced on Friday its selection of five companies to be issued licenses to manufacture and dispense medical marijuana under New…


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Friday, June 20, 2014
The Old Exchange and Provost Dungeon, the Friends of the Old Exchange and the Charleston Maritime Center are pleased to announce the second annual Charleston Pirate Festival. Last year exceeded expectations; families from all over the Lowcountry and abroad to take advantage of this event. The second annual festival has even more to offer this year. This remains a free, family event and will be held once again on the grounds of the Charleston Maritime Center on Aug. 10 from 11 a.m. until 3 p.m.
Children are invited to submit their poster designs for the Pirate Festival. Three categories will be accepted. First will be the Lil' Buccaneer for ages 5 and under, the First Mate category for ages 6-9 and the Rovers category for ages 10-13. Second and third places in each division will be awarded ribbons, while the first-place selections will receive a prize package. One grand prize winner will have their artwork selected for use in the 2015 third annual Charleston Pirate Festival. Submissions can be sent via email to firstname.lastname@example.com, or by mail to the Old Exchange at 122 East Bay St., Charleston, South Carolina, 29401. Winners will be selected on originality, content and fun. All entries will be on display the day of the festival. All submissions must be received by July 28.
The Charleston Pirate Festival recalls the "Golden Age of Piracy," when Charleston was visited by pirates like Blackbeard and Stede Bonnet. This event will feature pirate-themed activities for families and children alike. Colonial and maritime history booths will be set up by Old Exchange and Provost Dungeon, The Powder Magazine, Colonial Dorchester State Historic Site, Charles Town Landing, The GIbbes Museum of Art, The Children's Museum of the Lowcountry, The United States Coast Guard, The Friends of the Hunley, Caw Caw County Park, South Carolina Aquarium, South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, and the Walled City Task Force.
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Unlocking the Key to Deep Sleep
By Sarah Fenske
Making the Ferguson Commission Matter
By Danny Wicentowski
My Fake Boyfriend Became a Real-Life Crush
By Lindsay Toler
Rep. Jeffrey Pogue Bill Would Ban Unisex Bathrooms
By Danny Wicentowski
Darren Wilson Gives Speech to Nonprofit
By Danny Wicentowski
Angel Stewart and Other Victims of Violence Ask for Mercy
By Jessica Lussenhop
Obama Praises St. Louis' LaunchCode
By Lindsay Toler
By Lindsay Toler
As for the receipt found in his trash, Singleton says the people to whom Malone was taking the gift-wrapped cash claimed Singleton had sold them out to the DEA. Singleton, who says he didn't know Malone had been stopped, was incredulous. When Malone's boss began issuing threats, Singleton says, he demanded proof that the money had been seized. "They were claiming that I was supposed to have set this guy up," he explains. "I'm telling them I don't know what they're talking about. So it got to the point where they want to fax me over a letter. They faxed me over the letter, showed me what they were talking about, and I threw it away."
The DEA also arrested LaKeith Cross, alleging that he and Singleton were "partners in the drug business." Cross remains in federal custody in Chicago, where the case will be tried. In addition to wiretap conversations and accounts from DEA sources, the evidence against Cross includes a DEA search of Cross' mother's house in East St. Louis on September 9, 2003, where agents found more than $140,000 in small bills hidden in the basement and a blue Dodge Caravan with a hidden hydraulic compartment that opened by simultaneously pressing the defrost switch and a button beneath the driver's seat.
Singleton says he and Cross grew up in the same neighborhood and are "close friends," but that Cross was not affiliated with Lock 'Em Down and that Cross is "innocent of what [the DEA] is trying to charge him with."
Cross' attorney, Vanessa Antoniou, declines to comment on Cross' association with L.E.D. She says she is considering whether to file a motion to suppress the searches of Cross' mother's house and the minivan.
Singleton's attorney, Lorilee Miller Gates, says the crimes of which her client is accused happened years ago and notes that the arrest came just before the statute of limitations was to expire. "[The evidence] is all quite old," says Gates. "It smells stale. If it's such a fabulous case, why not bring it when it's fresh?"
If L.E.D. turns out to be little more than an outlet to launder ill-gotten gains, it would hardly be the first operation of its kind. To cite just one example, 26 members of an organization called the Black Mafia Family, which produced the chart-topping rapper Young Jeezy, are currently on trial in Atlanta, accused of running a violent nationwide cocaine syndicate worth $270 million.
The prevailing sentiment in the St. Louis hip-hop community, however, is that at the very least, L.E.D. was a legitimate producer of music.
"I doubt very seriously [that they were a drug front]. They were out there doing a lot of activity concerning the industry and entertainment," says DJ C-Note, who spins at the popular East St. Louis nightspot Club Casino.
Every L.E.D. artist and employee interviewed for this story claims to have been shocked upon learning that Dewanzel Singleton had been arrested.
"Believe you me, if I did [know that was going on], I wouldn't be right here right now," says rapper Dun Deal. "I'd be like, 'Give me a motherfuckin' house.' It's always been about the music with me."
Singleton and several others feel they were targeted specifically because they were involved with the record label, making them a high-profile target for the DEA.
"It's to a point where I regret I even did this with Lock 'Em Down," Singleton says. "Because I actually believe in my heart, had I not been working with Lock 'Em Down, I wouldn't have never heard nothing about this five-year-old charge."
"It was fun doing the music," says L.E.D. founder John Bacon. "It was a lot of fun. You go places, you meet people. I think we was probably having a little too much fun and we got somebody else's attention."
Even though Singleton is the only L.E.D. employee facing charges, all of the company's projects are on hold. For one thing, Singleton's assets are frozen. And last February, when the DEA conducted its searches, almost all of the contracts, equipment and documents pertaining to the label were seized, making it nearly impossible for the partners to continue business as usual.
In the interim, the white-shuttered house that once served as the company's recording studio has been reduced to a charred, hollow shell. Vacant since February, the building has since been twice set afire.
The tour bus, which still sits silently on the same corner in East St. Louis, has been damaged too. Visible through the windshield are dangling red and yellow cords that once powered a TV and DVD player. The vehicle's registration expired in June, and it's unlikely anyone from Lock 'Em Down will be renewing them anytime soon. They'd have a hard time even if they wanted to: The registration and title are still in the name of Martin Caldwell's uncle.
It was Caldwell, Singleton says, who gave him the bus as a gift.
Contact the author [email protected]
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Clocking In
You have clocked in to MySA.com's business news blog about San Antonio and South Texas businesses and business people.
Monthly Archive for April, 2008
Hey Y'all, Tootie Pie is goin' to Atlanta
Tootie Pie Company Inc. of Boerne will makes its debut May 3-4 at the Metropolitan Cooking and Entertaining Show in Atlanta. Food Network stars and authors Paula Deen and sons Jamie and Bobby Deen headline this year's event. Folks familiar with Paula Deen's crunch top applie pie will get to compare it to Tootie's famed […] [Read More]
Xpel reduces loss
Xpel Technologies Corp. reported a loss of $822,524 for the year ended Dec. 31, 2007. That's an improvement over a loss of $1.45 million a year earlier. Revenue for the year increased 73 percent to $5.85 million from a year ealier. Much of that was due to the purchase of Shadow Tinting Ltd. Expenses for […] [Read More]
Clear Channel not FINN-ished with Helsinki
Clear Channel Outdoor has renewed its long-term contract to provide advertising with the city of Helsinki, Finland. Under the contract, Clear Channel will provide street furniture, billboards, digital screens and advertising pillars. It's the second largest advertising contract in the Nordic region outside of Clear Channel Outdoor's contract with the transit system of Stockholm, Sweden. […] [Read More]
Coming soon: A cheap iPhone?
AT&T must be CRRAAAAAZYYY to be giving 'em away at this price!!! Been thinking of buying an Apple iPhone? Once again, there may be reason to delay that purchase. Fortune, quoting an unnamed source, reported that AT&T plans to subsidize $200 of the cost of the next-generation iPhone for customers willing to sign a two-year […] [Read More]
Look who's back
Krier The man who led the Greater San Antonio Chamber of Commerce for two decades is back to accept an award from the local chapter of the International Association of Business Communicators. Joe Krier will be presented with the 2008 Executive Communicator of the Year award at the chapter's 2008 Bronze Quill Awards Banquet at […] [Read More]
USAA handling claims
Tornadoes in Virginia earlier this week have the phones ringing at USAA. The San Antonio-based insurance and finance company has taken about 110 claims for damage to homes following the storms and another 50 for damaged vehicles. As always, Clocking In will keep you apprised of any developments. — Sean M. Wood [Read More]
Financial guide for military spouses
This book seemed a little too important to hold onto until Friday's weekly "Bookshelf" segment. Pioneer Services, a divison of MidCountry Bank, has published a book to help military spouses with their finances titled, appropriately, the "Military Spouse Finance Guide." The military is worried about families having financial problems while their loved ones are deployed. […] [Read More]
Does this guy look familiar?
McMurray He might. His name is John P. McMurray and he is the new chief enterprise risk officer for Washington Mutual. But that's not why you might recognize him. McMurray, it turns out, is a graduate of Trinity University. He also got an MBA from the University of Texas at San Antonio. Now he's in […] [Read More]
AT&T phone work turns up skeleton
Meet AT&T's new CEO: Rod Serling Here's one from straight from the Twilight Zone. Tree trimmers in Oakland Park, Fla., made a strange and horrible discovery when cutting branches so that AT&T crews could service phone lines. That discovery, according to a report in the South Florida Sun Sentinel, was a human skeleton. Homeowner Glenn […] [Read More]
Not your dad's Clear Channel
Clear Channel Radio today launched an online "station" called erockster. The station will have a lot of listener interaction. Signed and unsigned artists will get play. The production and inspriation for the station came from Eric Szmanda. He's Greg Sanders from the CBS TV series "CSI: Crime Scene Investigaton." For whatever that's worth. — Sean […] [Read More]
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Lossless Bootleg Bonanza: Grateful Dead – Morrison, CO (08/11/87)
Grateful Dead
Red Rocks Ampitheatre
Morrison, CO
Download FLAC: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 Part 4, Part 5
Download MP3@320: Part 1, Part 2
Set I
Cold Rain & Snow->
Little Red Rooster
Tons Of Steel
High Time
When I Paint My Masterpiece
When Push Comes To Shove
Let It Grow
Set II
Crazy Fingers->
Samson & Delilah
Ship of Fools
Playin' In The Band->
China Doll->
All Along The Watchtower->
Goin' Down The Road Feelin' Bad->
Around & Around->
Sugar Magnolia
E: Black Muddy River
3 Responses to "Lossless Bootleg Bonanza: Grateful Dead – Morrison, CO (08/11/87)"
Dave Says:
July 12th, 2013 at 7:18 pm
Thanks for the links. Encore tune not in flac download. MP3 Part 2 and Part 3 links the same.
Mat Brewster Says:
July 12th, 2013 at 10:52 pm
Check the earlier parts for the encore. On my disks they fit it in at the end of disk one and I likely didn't fix it when creating the FLACs. If it still isn't there let me know.
Will fix the MP3s shortly. Thanks.
Mat Brewster Says:
July 12th, 2013 at 10:54 pm
Apparently there were only two parts to the MP3s, don't know why I tried to make it three.


text:
A branched radial block copolymer including the reaction product of a dendritic macromolecular initiator, and one or more chain extending monomers.
1. A branched radial block copolymer comprising the reaction product of:
a) a dendritic macromolecular initiator; and
b) one or more chain extending monomers selected from the group consisting of an epoxy compound, an anhydride compound, a cyclic carbonate compound, and mixtures thereof, and a lactone monomer of the formula: ##STR23## wherein R is H, C1 -C8 linear alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, CN, OR, OSiMe3, and n ranges from 1 to 4.
2. The copolymer of claim 1, wherein said lactone monomer is selected from the group consisting of β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone, ε-caprolactone, β-butyrolactone, and mixtures of thereof.
3. The copolymer of claim 1, wherein said lactone monomer comprises 1,5-dioxepan-2-one.
4. The copolymer of claim 1, wherein said lactone monomer comprises pivalolactone.
5. The copolymer of claim 1, wherein said one or more chain extending monomer comprises a lactide monomer.
6. The copolymer of claim 5, wherein said dilactone monomer is selected from the group consisting of a glycolide monomer, a lactide monomer, and mixtures thereof.
7. The copolymer of claim 6 wherein said D-lactide monomer is selected from the group consisting of a D-lactide monomer, a L-lactide monomer, a meso lactide monomer, and mixtures thereof.
8. The copolymer of claim 1, wherein said dendritic macromolecular initiator comprises:
(i) a central core molecule or core polymer having at least one reactive hydroxyl group (A), which hydroxyl group (A) under formation of an initial tree structure is bonded to a reactive carboxyl group (B) in a monomeric chain extender having the two reactive groups (A) and (B), which tree structure is Ax B wherein X is 2 or greater and
(ii) optionally is extended and further branched from the initiator molecule or initiator polymer through an addition of further molecules of a monomeric chain extender by means of bonding with the reactive groups (A) and (B) thereof and
(iii) optionally is further extended through reaction with a chain stopper and wherein the monomeric chain extender has at least one carboxyl group (B) and at least two hydroxyl groups (A) or hydroxyalkyl substituted hydroxyl groups (A).
9. The copolymer of claim 8, wherein said core dendritic initiator molecule or initiator polymer is selected from the group consisting of:
a) an aliphatic, a cycloaliphatic or an aromatic diol
b) a triol
c) a tetrol
d) a sugar alcohol
e) anhydroennea-heptitol or dipentaerythritol
f) an α-alkylglucoside
g) a monofunctional alcohol
h) an alkoxylate polymer having a molecular weight of at most 8000 and being produced by reaction between an alkylene oxide and one or more hydroxyl groups originating from compounds a) through g).
10. The copolymer of claim 9 wherein said core molecule is selected from the group consisting of ditrimethylolpropane, ditrimethylolethane, dipentaerythrithol, pentaerythritol, alkoxylated pentaerythritol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, alkoxylated trimethylolpropane, glycerol, neopentyl glycol, dimethylolpropane, 1,3-dioxane-5,5-dimethanol, sorbitol, mannitol and α-methylglucoside.
11. The copolymer of claim 8 wherein the branched chain extender is selected from the group consisting of:
a) a monofunctional carboxylic acid having at least two hydroxyl groups
b) a monofunctional carboxylic acid having at least two hydroxyl groups wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups are hydroxyalkyl substituted.
12. The copolymer of claim 11 wherein said chain extender is selected from the group consisting of dimethylolpropionic acid, α,α-bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid, α,α,α-tris(hydroxymethyl)-acetic acid, α,α-bis-(hydroxymethyl)valeric acid, α,α-bis(hydroxy)propionic acid and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
13. The copolymer of claim 8 wherein said macromolecule is chain stopped and the chain stopper is selected from the group consisting of:
a) a saturated monofunctional carboxylic acid or a saturated fatty acid or an anhydride thereof
b) an unsaturated fatty acid
c) an unsaturated monofunctional carboxylic acid
d) a diisocyanate or an oligomer thereof
e) an adduct of a reaction product of a diisocyanate or an oligomer thereof
g) an adduct of a reaction product difunctional or a polyfunctional carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof
f) a difunctional or polyfunctional carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof
g) an adduct of a reaction product difunctional or a polyfunctional carboxylic acid or a polyfunctional carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof
h) an aromatic monofunctional carboxylic acid
i) an epihalohydrin
j) a glycidyl ester of a monofunctional carboxylic acid or of a fatty acid, which acid has 1-24 carbon atoms
k) an epoxide of an unsaturated fatty acid with 3-24 carbon atoms.
14. The copolymer of claim 13 wherein said chain stopper is selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, linseed fatty acid, soybean fatty acid, tall oil fatty acid, dehydrated castor fatty acid, capric acid, caprylic acid, trimethylolpropane diallyl ether maleate, metacrylic acid, acrylic acid, benzoic acid, para-tert.butylbenzoic acid, 1-chloro-2,3-epoxy propane, 1,4-dichloro-2,3-epoxy butane and epoxidized soybean fatty acid.
15. The copolymer of claim 8 wherein said macromolecule is chain stopped and wherein the chain extender is dimethylolpropionic acid and the initiator molecule is selected from the group consisting of ditrimethylolpropane, trimethylolpropane, ethoxylated pentaerythritol, pentaerythritol and glycerol.
16. The copolymer of claim 8 wherein said dendritic macromolecule is a constituent in the preparation of a product selected from the group consisting of:
a) an alkyd, an alkyd emulsion, a saturated polyester or an unsaturated polyester,
b) an epoxy resin,
c) a phenolic resin,
d) an amino resin,
e) a polyurethane resin, foam or elastomer,
f) a binder for radiation curing or powder systems,
g) an adhesive,
h) a synthetic lubricant,
i) a microlithographic paint,
j) a composite reinforced with glass, aramid or carbon/graphite fibres,
k) a molding compound based on urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins or phenol-formaldehyde resins,
l) a dental material, and
m) a pore generating material.
The invention relates generally to radial block copolymers. More specifically, the invention relates to highly branched radial block copolymers synthesized by dendritic initiation of aliphatic polyesters.
Macromolecular engineering of complex molecular architectures through the introduction of controlled branching has become an increasingly important theme in polymer science. Accordingly, the synthesis of branched molecular architectures, such as hyperbranched, star, dendritic, and combburst macromolecules, is the goal of many research groups. This interest is driven by the unique mechanical and rheological properties of these nanoscopically tailored materials. Both dendrimers and hyperbranched macromolecules are prepared from AB2 monomers although the different synthetic strategies lead to significantly different structures. Dendrimers are prepared by a stepwise series of reactions using either the divergent growth approach, which starts from a multifunctional core molecule and proceeds radially outward, or the convergent growth approach in which the synthesis starts at the periphery and well-defined dendrons are prepared followed by final coupling to a multifunctional core.
The repetitive nature of dendrimer synthesis, while tedious, does lead to an essentially perfectly branched structure. In contrast, hyperbranched macromolecules are prepared in a single-step polymerization process from ABx monomers, which greatly facilitates their availability but leads to polymers with irregular branching and broad molecular weight distributions are obtained.
Commercially available hyperbranched polyesters, derived from 2,2bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid (bis-MPA), have recently been introduced and are attractive for a number of technological applications. Other of hyperbranched polymers include those disclosed by Hult et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,418,301 which teaches dendritic macromolecules of polyester, the initiator polymer having reactive hydroxyl groups. Sorensen et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,247 also teaches hyperbranched macromolecules of the polyester type having at least one branching chain extender which has at least three reactive sites of which at least one is a hydroxyl or hydroxyl alkyl and at least one is a carboxyl or terminal epoxide group. The nucleus is an epoxide compound having at least one reactive epoxide group.
However, one of the drawbacks of all of these highly branched macromolecules is the inability of the globular, densely packed structures to entangle and to provide suitable mechanical properties. The resulting brittle materials limits the range of applications for which dendrimers or hyperbranched macromolecules are suitable.
As a result, there is a need for hyperbranched polymers which provide the desired mechanical and physical properties.
In order to overcome this and other problems, short linear chains, capable of entanglement, can be attached to the numerous chain ends of the dendritic macromolecules, effectively creating highly branched hybrid dendritic-linear block copolymers. One synthetic method in preparation of the polymer of the invention is to use the numberous chain-end functional groups as initiating sites for the growth of linear arms. The invention uses hyperbranched polyesters as well as their dendrimeric analogs, as multifunctional initiating cores for the synthesis of hybrid dendritic-linear star copolymers. The invention allows easy access to new highly branched macromolecules.
In accordance with a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a branched radial block copolymer comprising the reaction product of a dendritic macromolecular initiator; and one or more chain extending monomers.
In accordance with a preferred aspect of the invention, one or more chain extending monomers comprises a lactone monomer of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is H, C1 -C8 linear alkyl aryl, substituted aryl, CN, OR, OSiMe3, or O2 CR, and n ranges from 1 to 4.
In accordance with a further preferred aspect of the invention, the lactide monomer is selected from the group consisting of a glycolide monomer, a lactide monomer, and mixtures thereof.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic depictions of dendritic polymers.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are graphical depictions of 13 C--NMR data resulting from the Working Example.
The invention concerns the multiple extension of hyperbranched macromolecules with various reactive chain extending monomers through ring opening polymerization. The reaction may take place in any suitable solvent to provide linear macromolecules of longer chain length and much enhanced physical properties.
Generally any number of initiator polymers may be used in accordance with the invention. Distinctive of those polymeric initiators useful in the invention is a high degree of reactive functionality such as hydroxyl, amine, thiol, or other groups that initiate ring opening polymerization.
Generally, the initiator is a hyperbranched or dendritic molecule. Dendritic macromolecules (dendrimers) can generally be described as three dimensional highly branched molecules having a tree-like structure. Dendrimers are highly symmetric, while similar macromolecules designated as hyperbranched may have to a certain degree of asymmetry, yet maintaining the highly branched tree-like structure. Dendrimers can be said to be mosodisperse variations of hyperbranched macromolecules. Hyperbranched and dendritic macromolecules normally consist of a nucleus having one or more reactive sites and a number of surrounding branching layers and optionally a layer of chain terminating molecules. The layers are usually called generations, a designation hereinafter used.
The composition of hyperbranched dendritic or near dentritic macromolecules having two or three generations can be illustrated by below Formulas (I) and (II): ##STR2## wherein
X and Y are nucleons having four and two reactive sites, respectively, and A, B, C, and D are chain extenders having three (A and B) and four (C and D) reactive sites, each extender forming one generation in the macromolecule.
T is a terminating chain stopper forming the third and last generation. T may either be monofunctional or give a suitable terminal functionality, consisting for instance of hydroxyl, thiols, amines or other functional groups that can initiate ring opening polymerization.
Hyperbranched macromolecules of the polyester type provide highly branched, highly functional structure and, in turn, provide great advantages including low viscosity and high compatibility.
The dendritic macromolecule initiator used according to the invention comprises a central initiator molecule or initiator polymer having one or more reactive groups (A), which groups (A) under formation of an initial tree structure are bonded to reactive groups (B) of a monomeric chain extender holding the two reactive groups (A) and (B), which tree structure optionally is extended and further branched from the initiator molecule or initiator polymer by the addition of further molecules of a monomeric chain extender through bonding between the reactive groups (A) and (B) thereof. The tree structure is optionally further extended by reaction with a chain stopper. The macromolecule is characterised in that the reactive groups (A) and (B) are hydroxyl groups (A) and carboxyl groups (B), respectively, and that the chain extender has at least one carboxyl group (B) and at least two hydroxyl groups (A) or hydroxyalkyl substituted hydroxyl groups (A).
Ester functional dendrimers maybe prepared in accordance with Hult et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,418,301, which is incorporated herein by reference, are useful in the invention. Preferred macromolecular initiators include those available from Perstorp, A. B. of Sweden such as those sold under the tradename Boltron.
The monomeric chain extender functions to extend the length of the various linear branches, arms or chains of the macromolecular initiator and may be any compound macromonomer which functions to this end. Useful chain extenders include those lactones, cyclic carbonates, epoxides, and anhydrides, among other cyclic monomers capable of undergoing ring opening polymerization.
Preferably the chain extender is a monomer of molecular weight ranging from about 50 to 1500 and has lactone functionality. One preferred family of chain extenders includes lactones and dilactones such as those found in Tables 1 and 2 below.
TABLE 1______________________________________Lactones______________________________________ R = H; n = 1: β-pl, β-propiolactone R = H; n = 2: γ-BL, γ-butyrolactone R = H; n = 3: δ -VL, δ-valerolactone R = H; n = 4: ε-CL, ε-caprolactone R = CH3 ; n = 1: β -BL, β-butyrolactone - DXO, 1,5-dioxepan-2-one - pivalolactone______________________________________
______________________________________Dilactones______________________________________ glycolide - #STR7## #STR8## - meso-LA, meso-lactide______________________________________
Other representative lactones include those found in Table 3 below.
Other cyclic compounds useful in the ring opening polymerization of the invention include those found below in Table 4.
The invention also comprises a process for preparation of the claimed copolymer. The process is characterised in that the macromolecular initiator has one or more hydroxyl groups which are reacted at a temperature of 100°-150° C., preferably about 110° C., with a chain extender. The reaction product obtained is thereafter may be further reacted with a chain stopper.
The molar ratio between the number of moles used chain extender per mole hydroxyl groups originating from the initiator molecule or initiator polymer is suitably to be found between 1:1 and 2000:1, preferably between 1:1 and 1100:1. In certain cases the ratio is between 1:1 and 500:1 such as between 1:1 and 100:1.
The reaction can be carried out without using any catalyst. An ordinary esterification catalyst is, however, used in many cases and then suitably selected among
a) a Bronstedt acid such as napththalene sulphonic acid, para-toluene sulphonic acid, methane sulphonic acid, trifluoromethane sulphonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid
b) a Lewis acid such as EF3, AlCl3, SnCl4
c) a titanate as tetrabutyl titanate
d) zinc powder or an organozinc compound
e) tin powder or an organotin compound
The polymerization may be completed under bulk polymerization conditions with solvents such as toluene. The resulting polymer may have a molecular weight ranging from about 20,000 to 250,000 Mn or greater, perferably greater than about 60,000 Mn, and more preferably greater than about 100,000 Mn.
The copolymer of the invention may be used in any number of different applications depending upon the properties of the resulting polymer. For example, the copolymer of the invention may be used as a toughener for thermoset resins, a viscosity modifier for linear polymers, or as a suspension or emulsion stabilizer. The copolymers may also be used in various adhesive applications or for hardening paints, forming protective coatings, or as a pore generator for organic thermosets. Other applications include drug delivery vehicles or medical devices such as sutures and biomedical applications, as well as providing micelleular structure for cosmetics.
The following disclosure is an embodiment of the invention which is exemplary and nonlimiting.
Living ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated from the numerous chain end hydroxymethyl groups of the analogous dendrimeric and hyperbranched polyesters derived from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid is described. By controlling the size of the dendritic macromolecule and the molar ratio of ε-caprolactone a variety of highly branched radial block copolymers are obtained Comparison of the results obtained for the dendrimeric and hyperbranched initiators demonstrates that the reactivity of the chain end hydroxymethyl groups in the dendrimer are significantly greater than in the isomeric hyperbranched case.
Toluene was dried by refluxing over sodium and distilled under nitrogen prior to use. The caprolactone (Aldrich) was dried over CaH2 distilled under pressure, and stored under a nitrogen atmosphere. The 2,2'-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid was obtained from Aldrich and used without further purification. The stannous 2-ethyl-hexanoate, Sn(Oct)2, was purchased from Sigma and used without further purification. The hydroxy-terminated hyperbranched polymers were kindly supplied by Perstorp. The corresponding fourth generation dendrimer was prepared by Hult and coworkers according to a literature procedure.
The dendritic and hyperbranched polyesters used as the macroinitiators for the ring opening polymerization of caprolactone were dried by an azeotropic distillation with toluene (3X) and stored in a dry box until used. The caprolactone was added to a previously flamed flask containing the initiator. The flask was heated to 110° C. where the caprolactone dissolved the initiator forming a homogeneous mixture. In some cases a small amount of toluene was required to facilitate the dissolution. Sn(Oct)2 was added and the reaction was maintained at 110° C. for 20 h, the polymers were then dissolved in THF and precipitated into cold methanol.
1 H--NMR and 13 C--NMR spectra were recorded with a Bruker AM 250 (250 MHz) spectrometer. Size exclusion chromatography was carried out on a Waters chromatograph connected to a Waters differential refractometer. Four 5 micron Waters columns (300×7.7 mm) connected in series in order of increasing pore size (100, 1000, 10,000 and 100,000 Å) were used with THF as the solvent
The choice of polymerization reaction for growth of the linear chains from the dendritic polyesters was dictated by the presence of numerous hydroxymethyl groups at the chain ends of both the dendrimeric, 1, and hyperbranched derivatives, 2 (FIG. 1). The living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone from both mono(hydroxymethyl) and bis(hydroxymethyl) groups is a facile process leading to controlled molecular weight, low polydispersity products. The key to this synthesis is the use of catalytic amounts of an organometallic promoter, such as stannous 2-ethylhexanoate, Sn(Oct)2, in order to minimize complexation which deleteriously affects the living nature of the polymerization. It was therefore decided to investigate the synthesis of caprolactones based hybrid star copolymers in which the central, dendritic core is derived from highly branched, bis-MPA derivatives, 1 or 2, and the numerous arms are linear poly(caprolactone) prepared by living ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated from the terminal hydroxymethyl groups.
The materials chosen for study were generations 2-5 of the hydroxy-terminated hyperbranched polyesters (2-Gx) commercially available from Perstorp and the corresponding dendrimer of generation 4. Since the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone is normally performed under bulk conditions the high solubility of the dendrimers and hyperbranched macromolecules greatly facilitates the polymerization and only at very low monomer to initiator ratios (DP<10) was it necessary to add small amounts of toluene to the reaction mixture to dissolve the dendritic initiator as well as plasticize the highly viscous melt. For example, reaction of the hyperbranched polyester, 2-G5 (nominally generation 5), with 1280 equivalents of ε-caprolactone at 110° C. for 20 hours in the presence of 2.0 milli-equivalents of Sn(Oct)2 gave the desired radial block copolymer, 40G5-10, in 93% yield [Mn =210,000; PD.=2.60] (FIG. 1). The number average molecular weight of each arm was determined by 1 H NMR and shown to be 41 which agrees closely to that predicted by the monomer to initiator ratio, 40. By varying this ratio and the size, or generation number of the hyperbranched macromolecule, hybrid materials with molecular weights ranging from 20,000 to 210,000 a.m.u. could be obtained. See Table 3 below:
TABLE 3______________________________________Hydroxy-Functional Hyperbranched Polyester Initiated Poly(caprolactone) Synthesis Initiator Poly(caprolactone),DPSample (polyester Measured <Mn >,GPC < Mw > Entry generation) Target (1 H-NMR) g/mol < Mw >______________________________________4-G2-10 2-G2 10 11 34,000 1.40 4-G2-40 40 35 65,000 1.40 4-G3-10 2-G3 10 10 22,000 1.85 4-G3-40 40 41 86,000 1.84 4-G4-10 2-G4 10 12 33,000 2.00 4-G4-40 40 40 121,000 1.70 4-G5-10 2-G 10 12 48,000 2.40 4-G5-40 40 41 210,000 2.60______________________________________
TABLE 4______________________________________Characteristics of Hyperstar Polymers Initiated from 1 Degree of Polymerization Sample <Mn >g/mol Per Arm <Mw >Entry Target Measureda Target Measuredb <Mn >______________________________________3-6 33,600 31,400 6 5.7 1.18 3-20 96,000 115,200 20 21 1.17______________________________________ a SEC values relative to polystyrene samples. b HNMR from end group analysis.
In a similar fashion, the initiation of ε-caprolactone from the dendrimeric analogs proved to be extremely facile and gave the desired block copolymers with accurate control over molecular weight and polydispersity as seen in Table 4 above. For example, the polymerization of 960 molar equivalents of ε-caprolactone with the fourth generation dendrimer, (1 in FIG. 1) which has 48 hydroxyl groups at the chain ends was carried out in bulk at 110° C. for 20 hours to give the hybrid dendrimer-linear block copolymer, Samples 3-20, in 96% yield [Mn =115,000; PD.=1.18]. GPC analysis of 3-20 showed a single monomodel peak with a polydispersity of 1.18 and the average degree of polymerization per arm or hydroxyl functional group was determined using 1 H NMR. In this case the analysis is greatly facilitated by the symmetrical and highly regular nature of the dendrimeric core and comparison of the integration values for the methylene protons of the linear caprolactone backbone with those for the core moity revealed a degree of polymerization per arm of 21. This compares favorable with the theoretical value of 20 and similar data was generated for a lower molecular weight hybrid dendritic-linear block copolymer, as seen in Samples 3-10, Table 4.
An interesting observation can be made when the polydispersities of the radial star block copolymers prepared from both the dendrimeric and hyperbranched cores are compared. As expected the polydispersities of the dendrimeric derivatives, 3-n, are low and only slightly increased when compared to the starting dendrimer, 2 (FIGS. 1 and 2). In contrast, the polydispersities for the hyperbranched derivatives, 4-Gx-n, are significantly more polydispersed (ca. 2.0-2.5) than would be expected simply based on the increased polydispersity of the starting hyperbranched initiators (ca. 1.3). A possible rationale for this behavior is that while the dendrimeric derivatives have only 1,3-substituted bis(hydroxymethyl) terminal groups, the hyperbranched derivatives, with a much lower degree of branching (ca. 50%), have almost twice as many mono(hydroxymethyl) terminal groups as 1,3-substituted bis(hydroxymethyl) groups. The initiation of ε-caprolactone from mono-hydroxyl species typically gives linear polymers with broader polydispersities (ca. 1.6-1.8) than those obtained from low molecular weight 1,3-substituted bis(hydroxymethyl) derivatives (ca. 1.05-1.20), the presence of considerable amounts of mono-hydroxy initiating sites for 2-Gn, coupled with the possible increased steric hindrance for those sites, leads to much less efficient growth and the observed increase in polydispersity.
To answer this question in greater detail, 13 C NMR was used to investigate the efficiency of initiation from the various terminal initiating sites for both 1 and 2-Gx-n. This study was greatly facilitated by the observation that the 13 C NMR resonance (CDCl3) for the quatenary carbon of the bis-MPA repeating units is very sensitive to the level of substitution. For dendritic, or diacylated units the chemical shift of the quartenary carbon appears at ca. 46 ppm, while the linear, or monoacylated units are observed at ca. 48 ppm, and the terminal or unsubstituted repeat units are found at ca. 50 ppm. For the dendrimeric derivatives comparison of the 13 C NMR spectra for the starting material, 1, with the hybrid star copolymer, 3-20, shows the complete disappearance of the resonance for the terminal repeat units at 50.5 ppm of 1 and the presence of resonances for only diacylated repeat units at 46.3 ppm FIG. 3. This clearly demonstrates that complete initiation is occurring from the chain ends of the fourth generation dendrimer, 1 (FIG. 1), commensurate with previous studies.
In contrast, the 13 C NMR spectra for the starting hyperbranched polyesters, 2Gx, showed the expected three resonances which correlates with the low degree of branching (ca. 50%). While the hybrid copolymers, 4-Gx-n, did show the expected disappearance of the resonance for the terminal repeat units they did not, however show the expected disappearance of the resonance for the linear units FIG. 4. Instead this set of peaks is still present at 48.5 ppm and is only decreased in size relative to the resonances for the dendritic units at 46.3 ppm. These data are shown in FIG. 4 along with the 13 C NMR spectra of 3-20 to facilitate comparison. The complete disappearance of the terminal units coupled with the presence of unreacted linear units suggests that the reactivity of the terminal repeat units are significantly greater that the corresponding linear units, possibly due to a combination of steric and electronic effects. For example, steric factors may not allow the requisite coordination-insertion mechanism to proceed with some of the "buried" hydroxyl groups. Significantly, this result clearly demonstrates that the reactivity of chain end functional groups in dendrimers is different to, and greater than the isomeric hyperbranched macromolecules.
Although this invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, the details thereof are not to be construed as limitations for it will be apparent that various embodiments, changes, and modifications may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and it is understood that such equivalent embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of this invention.
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Chryl Maddocks March 03, 2012
Give something back to the environment and plant a tree this year.
There's no doubt trees have a hugely beneficial effect on the environment. They absorb noise, reduce glare, purify the air, help to filter water and reduce stress. The psychological impact of their tranquil presence is immense. And the effect of trees on bird, animal and plant life is immeasurable.
Native trees and shrubs help retain wildlife corridors for our indigenous species, especially for our bird life, as land clearing in Australia kills more than 5 million birds a year.
''More Trees Please'' is the current message from the Nursery and Garden Industry Australia, which launched its year-long campaign at the National Arboretum in Canberra as part of its Improve Your Plant/Life Balance strategy.
According to the peak body, an average tree in an urban street provides the community with $424 of benefits each year and more than $25,000 in its lifetime. The upsides include energy savings from tree canopy shade, savings to local governments through less storm water and repaving, increased property values and improved air quality.
''Across the world, there is an increasing recognition supported by a growing body of research that indicates an urban forest - all the trees and shrubs in a city and suburbs on private and public land - is really important for our community's health and wellbeing,'' says the organisation's chief executive officer, Robert Prince.
''The benefits [of trees] far outweigh any falling leaves. We also want to encourage home owners, developers and councils to plant the right kinds of trees for their area to get the best growth, minimise any possible disruptions to any services and to maximise their benefits.''
As more than three-quarters of Australians live in capital cities, trees in urban areas are particularly important in countering the ''urban island effect'' of a city's hard surfaces. According to the organisation, trees can help to reduce air temperatures by as much as 7 degrees in summer.
Everyone should plant at least one tree in his or her lifetime, and autumn is a great time to do it. First, consider your aim in planting the tree. Do you need a deciduous tree for shade in summer and sun in winter, or do you want an evergreen tree for screening purposes?
And there is one critical thing you must keep in mind - size. Remember that the small sapling you bring home from the nursery may reach enormous heights. Do some research before you buy and always check the tree's final height and width.
Also check that the tree doesn't have an invasive root system that can cost dollars at a later date. The evergreen alder, figs, willows and poplars are notorious for their roots getting into drains.
Make sure the tree you select will grow well in your climate, so buy from a local nursery.


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Summer Showers
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Summer Showers
Chuvas de Verão | Carlos Diegues, 1978
Brazil | Portuguese with English Subtitles | Format: HDCam | 86 minutes
New retiree Afonso (Jofre Soares) chooses to enjoy a peaceful life in his suburban home. No sooner does he begin to slow down than he gets sucked into issues involving his daughter, his friends and the surrounding neighborhood. All the hubbub seems to revive something in Afonso, but the big change comes in the form of longtime neighbor Isaura (Míriam Pires), who elicits fresh desires, friendship and respect.