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Mining the Dark Matter of the Cancer Proteome for Novel Biomarkers
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ISSN: 1875-6301 (Online)
ISSN: 1573-3947 (Print)
Volume 11, 4 Issues, 2015
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Current Cancer Therapy Reviews
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Mining the Dark Matter of the Cancer Proteome for Novel Biomarkers
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews,
9(4): 265-277.
Ana Paula Delgado, Pamela Brandao, Sheilin Hamid and Ramaswamy Narayanan
Department of Biological Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431.
The post genome era has ushered us into therapeutic target discovery empowering us to mine the genome using rational approaches. Numerous cancer targets have emerged from the genome project for diagnostics, therapeutics and response to therapy prediction. Among thousands of genes predicted in the human genome, nearly half of them remain uncharacterized. Considerable attention in the last decade has focused on the well-characterized known genes. However, the future of cancer target discovery resides in the uncharacterized or novel genes called the dark matter of the human genome. Realizing the importance of this vast untapped potential, recently the US National Cancer Institute announced a new initiative called "Illuminating the Dark Matter of the Genome for Druggability". This area of cancer research albeit exciting, remains a challenge due to the lack of adequate information about the uncharacterized genes. Amongst the plethora of bioinformatics tools and databases, a streamlined approach remains elusive. In this review, we present a simplified approach to mine directly the cancer proteome for rapid target discovery. Using such an approach, we have created a database of uncharacterized cancer genes and have shown the biomarker and drug target potential for an uncharacterized protein, C1ORF87, as a putative solid tumor target. In view of this protein's association with carcinomas, the C1ORF87 is termed as Carcinoma-Related EF-Hand (CREF) gene. The approaches discussed in this review should aid in lighting the dark matter of the human cancer proteome.
Post genome, druggable genes, uncharacterized genes, C1ORF87, CREF gene.
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Smith - 'Spurs win has built confidence'
Under-18's skipper says youngsters buoyant ahead of Tees-Wear derby.
Sunderland AFC's under-18 captain, Martin Smith, says last weekend's 4-1 win over Barclays U18 Premier League leaders Tottenham Hotspur was the perfect way for the young Black Cats to prepare for this weekend's Tees-Wear derby with Middlesbrough.
The lads played with freedom and confidence and, although it was a real test of character, I was really proud
- Smith on U18s' win at Spurs
Smith, who is a second-year scholar, told safc.com the result at Spurs has built confidence amongst the young group ahead of this weekend's clash with their Teesside neighbours.
"It was great to get back on track," the Redby-born midfielder said. "We played well against Manchester United but lost 3-2 and didn't get our rewards.
"Against Villa we drew 1-1 and perhaps didn't take the chance to win the game, so we went to Spurs knowing it was going to be a big challenge with them being top of the league.
"However, the lads played with freedom and confidence and, although it was a real test of character, I was really proud of the lads."
Smith, who is one of only four under-18 players to feature in all 12 league games this season, has now urged his teammates to build on the win and iron out their inconsistencies.
"That [inconsistency] has been our problem," he added. "It's really important, even though we're young, that we try to become a more consistent team.
"Hopefully that win will help us to play with confidence and belief because we've got a great attitude in the group and we work hard every day.
We've got a great attitude in the group and we work hard every day
- Smith on colleagues
"We know if we play like we did against Manchester United and obviously Tottenham we'll win football matches."
Saturday's local derby provides the young Black Cats with the opportunity to win back-to-back games for only the second time this season.
And Smith, who has captained the side throughout the campaign, is keen to continue showing his leadership skills in the big games.
"I think as captain of the group I have to continue to be the leader and encourage the lads in a game like a local derby," Smith continued.
"My role in the group has changed after being a younger member of the squad last season but I have learnt a lot from the older lads and I think that has helped me this season.
"Hopefully I continue to set a good example and be a good captain because we have a fantastic group of players."

subset: commoncrawl


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North Dakota State UniversityAdministration Phone: +1 (701) 231-8241 Campus address: Memorial Union Physical/delivery address: 1401 Administration Ave., Fargo, ND 58102 Mailing address: NDSU Dept. 5340 / PO Box 6050 / Fargo, ND 58108-6050 Page manager: Memorial Union


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Acme Packet Receives 2012 INTERNET TELEPHONY Product of the Year Award Acme Packet's Net-Net(R) 6300 Session Delivery Platform Recognized for Innovation BEDFORD, MA -- (Marketwire) -- 01/31/13 -- Acme Packet(R) (NASDAQ: APKT), the leader in session delivery networks, today announced that the Net-Net 6300, the newest standard for platforms designed to assure trusted, first-class services for the world's largest and most advanced interactive IP communications networks, has been named a recipient of the 2012 Internet Telephony Product of the Year Award by TMC, a global, integrated media company. Launched in October 2012, the Net-Net 6300 marks the debut of a new generation of session border controller (SBC) platforms designed specifically for emerging mobile services such as Voice over Long-term Evolution (VoLTE), Rich Communications Services (RCS/RCS-e), and high definition (HD) video calling, services that will place unprecedented demands on mobile networks at access and interconnect borders. Quotes: -- "It is with pleasure that we recognize Acme Packet with a Product of the Year Award. The editors of INTERNET TELEPHONY have verified that the Net-Net 6300 displays quality and innovation while providing solutions to real business communications challenges," stated Rich Tehrani, CEO, TMC. "I would like to congratulate the team at Acme Packet for their commitment to advancing IP communication technologies." -- "We are honored to receive this award which recognizes our dedication to the continued advancement of the telecommunications industry," said Pat MeLampy, chief technology officer, Acme Packet. "At Acme Packet, we strive to help our customers, both service providers and enterprises, meet the constant demand for next generation communication services by providing innovative and cutting-edge technology and solutions, and we're grateful that the editors at INTERNET TELEPHONY have recognized this effort." More about Acme Packet's Net-Net 6300: -- 6300 micro-site -- 6300 product announcement More about Acme Packet: -- The Packet -- The Session -- Community -- Twitter -- Facebook -- LinkedIn Tags: Acme Packet, APKT, TMC, 6300 , voice over IP, VoIP, SIP, SBC, Session border controllers About INTERNET TELEPHONY magazine INTERNET TELEPHONY has been the IP Communications Authority since 1998(TM). Beginning with the first issue, INTERNET TELEPHONY magazine has been providing unbiased views of the complicated converged communications space. For more information, please visit www.itmag.com. Follow INTERNET TELEPHONY magazine on Twitter or join our Linked In group. Subscribe or visit www.itmag.com. About TMC TMC is celebrating its 40th anniversary as a global, integrated media company that helps clients build communities in print, in person, and online. TMC publishes the TMC's CUSTOMER Magazine (formerly Customer Interaction Solutions), INTERNET TELEPHONY, Next Gen Mobility, and Cloud Computing magazines. TMCnet.com, which is read by 1.5 million unique visitors each month, is the leading source of news and articles for the communications and technology industries. TMC is the producer of ITEXPO, the world's leading B2B communications event. In addition, TMC runs multiple industry events: Cloud Communications Expo; Cloud4SMB Expo; CVx (ChannelVision Expo); DevCon5; HTML5 Summit; LatinComm Conference & Expo; M2M Evolution Conference & Expo; Mobility Tech Conference & Expo; MSPAlliance MSPWorld; StartupCamp; Video World Conference & Expo and more. For more information about TMC, visit www.tmcnet.com About Acme Packet Acme Packet (NASDAQ: APKT), the leader in session delivery network solutions, enables the trusted, first-class delivery of next-generation voice, video, data and unified communications services and applications across IP networks. Our Net-Net product family fulfills demanding security, service assurance and regulatory requirements in service provider, enterprise and contact center networks. Based in Bedford, Massachusetts, Acme Packet designs and manufactures its products in the USA, selling them through over 309 reseller partners worldwide. More than 1,850 customers in 109 countries have deployed over 20,000 Acme Packet systems, including 89 of the top 100 service providers and 48 of the Fortune 100. For more information visit www.acmepacket.com. Acme Packet, Inc. Safe Harbor Statement Statements contained herein that are not historical fact may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Such forward-looking statements may relate to, the benefits of our products and solutions, including cost savings and flexibility. Such forward-looking statements do not constitute guarantees of future performance and are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated or suggested in any forward-looking statements are contained in the Company's recent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those factors discussed under the caption "Risk Factors" in such filings. For more information about Acme Packet: Media and Industry Analysts: Mike O'Malley Acme Packet +1 781-869-2975 email@example.com Agency Contact: Katelyn Holbrook Version 2.0 Communications +1 617-426-2222 x113 email@example.com
Acme Packet Receives 2012 INTERNET TELEPHONY Product of the Year Award
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Medical Recruiting Brigade - Home
Arriving Soldiers
Educators/Future Soldiers
Our Companies
Welcome to the 1st Medical Recruiting Battalion
Mission Statement
The Patriot Battalion recruits high quality and motivated healthcare professionals within the Northeastern portion of the United States and Europe through aggressive, technologically advanced, and targeted recruiting operations to achieve 100% of the precision mission and provide the US Army with state-of-the-art healthcare providers while focusing on developing future leaders and maintaining the welfare of our Soldiers, Civilians and their Families.
Vision Statement
Provide values based leadership to professionally develop all members of the team. Implement systems, which will make us the premier recruiting unit in USAREC and the center of gravity for integrating the future health care force in support of America's Army.
Mailing Address:
ATTN: (Office & Name)
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4550 Parade Field Lane Suite 5502
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Please forward any questions or comments to
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If you are interested in joining the Army, call 1-800-USA-ARMY,
ext. 181 or visit www.goarmy.com.
If you are interested in the Army Reserve, call 1-800-USA-ARMY,
ext. 182 or visit www.goarmyreserve.com
USAREC | Cadet Command | USATC Fort Jackson | AKO Army Knowledge Online
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Date Last Modified: Tue Oct 29 09:23:29 EDT 2013
The appearance of hyperlinks does not constitute endorsement by the
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For other than authorized activities such as military exchanges and Morale, Welfare and Recreation sites, the
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does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations.
Such links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this DoD Web site.


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Carnival 2013 - Brazil « Read Less
Have you ever heard of Carnival? It's basically mardi gras times a million. Wikipedia says that Carnival is "a festive season which occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February. Carnival typically involves a public celebration or paradecombining some elements of a circus, mask and public street party. People often dress up or masquerade during the celebrations, which mark an overturning of daily life."
I'm going to show you some pictures from some of the biggest Carnivals in the world...first off is Brazil!


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Busty amateurs obsessed with themselves - Smokin hot amateur beauties that is so obsessed with their body.These self shooting hotties need to have their own sites.Take a look at this wild mix guys.


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Scholes originally retired two years ago but was tempted out of it by manager Sir Alex Ferguson, who is retiring himself this summer.
"I am finally hanging up my boots for good," said Scholes.
"Playing football is all I have ever wanted to do, and to have had such a long and successful career at Manchester United, under the greatest manager of all time, has been an honour."


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No. 20 Vanderbilt Sweeps No. 24 Baseball
NASHVILLE -- After falling behind 7-0 in the top of the fourth inning, No. 20 Vanderbilt outscored 24th-ranked Kentucky 9-1 over the final five innings and sophomore Riley Reynolds forced home the walk-off run in the bottom of the ninth with a bases-loaded walk, handing the Wildcats a stunning 9-8 loss and series sweep, on Saturday evening at Charles Hawkins Field.


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Friday, November 15, 2013
Goose Creek Police were called to Pointer Drive at about 10:15 p.m. on Nov. 6 after a man crashed a car into a house, apparently on purpose, and fled the scene.
The damage to the house is listed at $11,000, according to a Goose Creek Police Department incident report.
Officers found a red Honda Accord abandoned on the shoulder of Stephanie Drive. The vehicle had extensive front end damage that appeared fresh, according to the report.
An officer attempted to contact the suspect on his cell phone but could not reach him, according to the report. The crashed vehicle was towed.
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A composite material for positioning in the anatomy to form a selected function therein. The composite may be resorbable over a selected period of time. The composite may allow for selected bone ingrowth as absorption of the composite occurs.
1. A resorbable spinal implant, comprising:
a member including a composite formed of,
a first material comprising a first resorbable material operable to be resorbed into an anatomy, the first material forming a scaffold having a plurality of pores and a plurality of continuous channels defined at least in part by a first sub-plurality of the plurality of pores, the plurality of channels extending through the scaffold; and
a second material that is a resorbable polymer injected into the scaffold to substantially fill at least a sub-plurality of the plurality of continuous channels so that the polymer forms a continuous structure;
wherein the second material is a polymer selected from the group comprising polylactic acids, polyglycolic acids, and combinations thereof, and forms about 55 wt % to about 65 wt % of the member;
wherein the resorbable polymer is resorbed at a rate slower than a rate of resorption of the scaffold such that the resorbable polymer defines a support for bony ingrowth to maintain a selected strength of the member;
wherein the member is operable to be positioned between a first vertebrae and a second vertebrae.
2. The implant of
3. The implant of
4. The implant of
5. The implant of
6. The implant of
a second sub-plurality of the plurality of pores that are only partially filled;
wherein both the first sub-plurality of pores and the second sub-plurality of pores includes continuous pores with interconnecting channels.
7. The implant of
wherein rate of strength decrease of the implant is selected based upon the selected second material.
8. The implant of
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/634,448, filed on Dec. 8, 2004.The disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference.
The present teachings relate generally to materials useful in orthopaedic surgery, including orthopaedic implants composed of resorbable materials.
In general, the human musculoskeletal system is composed of a variety of tissues including bone, ligaments, cartilage, muscle, and tendons. Tissue damage or deformity stemming from trauma, pathological degeneration, or congenital conditions often necessitates surgical intervention to restore function. During these procedures, surgeons can use orthopaedic implants to restore function to the site and facilitate the natural healing process.
Current orthopaedic implants are generally composed of non-reasonable metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. However, in some instances, it may be desirable to have an implant made of resorbable material. These bioresorbable or biodegradable materials are characterized by the ability to be chemically broken down into harmless by-products that are metabolized or excreted by the body. Materials of this type can offer an advantage over conventional non-resorbable implant materials. Bioresorbable implants provide their required function until the tissue is healed, and once their role is complete, the implant is resorbed by the body. The end result is healthy tissue with no signs that an implant was ever present.
Bioresorbable materials are substances well known in the art. This includes resorbable polymers such as poly(lactic acid) [PLA] and poly(glycolic acid) [PGA], and ceramics such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate. Additionally, polymer/ceramic composites have also been used as an implant material. Overall, these materials have been used to fabricate a large range of orthopaedic implants including screws, plates, pins, rods, spacers, and the like. Clinically, these devices have a long history of use that spans a wide variety of surgical procedures. Resorbable devices have been used in applications such as fracture fixation, bone grafting, spinal fusion, soft tissue repair, and deformity correction.
A composite material for positioning in the anatomy to perform a selected function therein is disclosed. The composite may be resorbable over a selected period of time. The composite may allow for selected bone ingrowth as absorption of the composite occurs. Also, the composite may include a first material of a first resorption profile and a second material of a second resorption profile.
According to various embodiments an implantable resorbable material is disclosed. The material can include a first material operable to be resorbed into an anatomy at a first resorption rate and defining a plurality of pores. A second material operable to be resorbed into the anatomy at a second resorption rate can be positioned relative to the first material to substantially fill at least a sub-plurality of the plurality of the pores. The first resorption rate of the first material can be different than the second resorption rate of the second material.
According to various embodiments a method of forming a resorbable implant is disclosed. The method can include selecting a first material including a first resorption rate and selecting a second material having a second resorption rate. A porous structure of the first material can be provided and a composite can be formed with the first material and the second material. The composite can be formed by substantially filling at least a sub-plurality of the plurality of the pores with the second material. An implant can be formed of the composite. The resorption rate of the first material is different than the resorption rate of the second material to allow a bone ingrowth after implantation of the implant.
According to various embodiments a method of forming a resorbable implant is disclosed. The method may include selecting a region of the anatomy to position an implant. In the region of the anatomy selected a force produced, a bone regrowth rate, a length of time that the implant should retain a selected strength, or other properties can be determined. A resorption rate of at least a portion of the implant after implantation can also be determined. A first material can be selected depending at least upon the determined resorption rate. Also, a second material can be selected depending upon at least one of the determined bone regrowth rate, the determined force in the region of the anatomy, the determined length of time that the implant should retain a selected strength, or combinations thereof. An implant can be formed of the first material and the second material.
The composite implant materials provide the ability to allow tissue ingrowth into the implant, improved degradation profiles, improved strength retention, elimination of long term degradation complications, and improved biocompatibility with surrounding tissues. Further advantages and areas of applicability of the present teachings will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and various described embodiments are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the teachings.
The present teachings will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The following description of various embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the teachings, its application, or uses. Although the following various examples may relate to spinal implants, fracture plates, anchors, screws, or the like, other appropriate implants may be formed. Also, although various materials are disclosed for use in various applications, it will be understood that other appropriate materials may also be provided.
An implant 100 (
With reference to
The structure 10 may be formed of natural sources of biocompatible, bioresorbable materials, such as coral. Alternatively, or in addition thereto, various synthetic materials may be used to form the structure 10. These materials may include absorbable ceramics, absorbable polymers, or any other absorbable porous matrix. In various embodiments, the porous material may include the resorbable ceramic sold under the trade name Pro Osteon 500R by Interpore Spine Ltd. (Irvine, Calif., U.S.A.), Calcigen PSI by Biomet (Warsaw, Ind., USA), or OsteoStim by EBI (Parsippanny, N.J., USA). Porous materials useful herein include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,976,736, White et al., issued Dec. 11, 1990; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,376,573 White et al, issued Apr. 23, 2002, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The Pro Osteon 500R material consists of an interconnected or continuous porous calcium carbonate substrate with a thin surface layer of hydroxyapatite. Various other exemplary porous materials may include calcium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate, biphasic calcium phosphate, or any appropriate calcium based ceramic. It will also be understood that the structure 10 may be any appropriate combination and may be formed in any appropriate combination, such as including one material as a coating on another.
Also the structure 10 may be formed from a polymer. A polymer matrix may define a porous structure similar to the structure 10. The material of the polymer matrix may be any appropriate polymer such as a biocompatible, resorbable polymer including those discussed herein. Thus, it will be understood, that the structure 10 may be formed of any appropriate material, including a biocompatible, resorbable ceramic, polymer, composite, etc.
The structure 10 itself may be used for various purposes, such as a bone regeneration scaffold or bone graft replacement. Nevertheless, the physical properties of the structure 10 can be augmented for various reasons. For example, the structure 10 alone may not include a selected physical property, such as a selected compressive strength, tensile strength, torsion strength or the like. Thus, the structure 10 may be augmented to improve its properties allowing for greater use as a surgical device, as discussed herein in various embodiments.
To augment the structure 10, a second material may be added thereto, such as during formation of the structure 10 itself or at a later time. For example, a selected material may be injected into or otherwise provided into a pore 16 defined by the structure 10. The structure 10 can include a channel or plurality of pores 16 that may be a substantially continuous or interconnected pores. The pores 16 may define a plurality of sizes of pores or porous structures. For example, the pores may range from about 0.1 nanometers (nm) to about 1 mm.
The pores 16 define a generally interconnected path or connection throughout the structure 10. Paths or channels can interconnected the pores 16. The interconnected nature of the pores 16 may be referred to as a continuous phase throughout the structure 10 as well. The continuous phase may also be understood to be interconnected pores that are defined by a solid portion of the structure 10. Thus, the channels 16 of the structure 10 are defined by the structure 10 and extend throughout the structure 10. Moreover, the channels 16 generally extend through the structure 10 such that a path can be traced from a first side 10 a of the structure 10 to a second side 10 b of the structure 10 or from an entrance path to an exit path that can enter and exit from any sides or from the same side.
The pores 16 may be connected with other channels 16 to form the interconnected or continuous pores or channels. Also the various channels may interconnected such that more than a single channel or two openings may be interconnected in the structure 10. It will be understood, however, that the pores 16 may be any opening that allows access to the interior of the material 10. For example there may be interstitial spaces defined between the portions that defined the channels interconnecting other pores. These interstice spaces may also be referred to as pores. Therefore, it will be understood that the pores 16 may be any opening that allows access to the interior of the structure 10 and may be filled with a second material, as discussed herein.
The different sized pores or channels may be used with or are specifically applicable to different types of surgical indications. For example, with reference to
It will also be understood that any appropriate number of materials may be provided. Therefore, no only the structure 10 and a polymer 21 may be used. For example, various materials also include those that include therapeutic aspects, such as antimicrobial agents that can be released. Nevertheless, the structure 10 may be filled to any appropriate degree with more than one material.
In addition, the selected polymer 21 may include polylactic acid. For example, a polylactic acid may be provided that includes compositional ratio of about 70:30 poly(L/D,L lactic acid). The specific ratio of various chiral monomers in the polymer is merely exemplary and any appropriate ratio may be used. Nevertheless, herein the 70:30 (L/D,L lactic acid) may be referred to as PLDLLA. Other polymers may include a copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid. It will be understood, however, that any appropriate polymer material may be used to form the composite 20. Other bioresorbable, biocompatible polymers include poly(glycolic acid), poly(carbonate), poly(urethane), poly(amino acids), poly(phosphazenes), poly(hydoxyacids), poly(anhydrides), poly(dioxanone), poly(hydroxybutyrate), poly(caprolactone). Also copolymers of these or other appropriate monomers may be used. Further, as discussed above, the structure 10 may be formed of a matrix including these polymers or copolymers.
The selected polymer that may be used with the structure 10, however, may be injection molded or otherwise fill the pores defined by the structure 10. The polymer 21 may fill the pores of the structure 10 to form a substantially solid structure. Nevertheless, the composite 20 may still include a selected porosity or open channels even when filled with the polymer 21. Also, it may be selected to fill the pores 16 less than completely, therefore leaving an open space in at least a portion of the pores even if they may include some of the fill material. For example, pores having a size of about 0.01 μm to about 10 μm may still remain in the composite 20 after the polymer is injected or fills the larger pores or macro pores of the structure 10. The pores that are generally less than about 10 μm, may be herein referred to as micropores or microporosity. The microporosity, however, is not necessary and may not always be present. For example, with various polymer filling techniques, such as polymerization of a positioned monomer, discussed herein, the microporosity may be substantially less or non-existent in the composite material 20. As is generally understood a polymer is generally formed of a single monomer while a copolymer generally includes at least two types of monomers.
The composite material 20 may also be formed with any other appropriate method. Generally the polymer used to fill the selected porosity is added to the structure 10 or otherwise used to fill the porosity of the structure 10. In one embodiment, injection molding is used to force molten polymer into the macroporosity of a porous ceramic structure 10. This can result in the composite material 20 including approximately 5-10% open microporosity. In addition, vacuum impregnation techniques may be used. In this instance rather than producing a positive pressure on the melted polymer, a relatively low pressure is formed in the structure 10 to pull the polymer 21 into the porosity. Further techniques, include solution embedding where the polymer 21 is dissolved and then cast into the porosity.
Also, in situ polymerization techniques where the polymer may be polymerized within the porosity of the structure 10 can be used to form the composite 20. In this embodiment, the structure 10 is submerged in a reaction mixture of a monomer or plurality of monomers, an initiator, and/or a catalyst and then heated to the reaction temperature. The polymer is then formed in situ within the porosity of the structure 10.
According to various embodiments, the composite 20 can include a duel ceramic. The structure 10 can be formed of a first ceramic including a first property and the channels or pores may be filled with a second ceramic, rather than the polymer 21, including a second property. The different properties can include resorption rates, compressive strengths, torsion strengths, or the like. This can be achieved by casting a ceramic slurry into the porosity of the structure 10. The slurry can undergo a chemical reaction to set into a hardened form or it can be sintered to form a rigid ceramic phase.
Other methods of forming the composite material 20 are related to the use of porous polymer matrices as the structure 10. The ceramic material is cast within a porous, polymer matrix structure that forms the structure 10. A polymer matrix may be formed to include a selected porosity and a ceramic slurry may be positioned in the pores of the matrix. The slurry may then be forced to harden to form a solid or porous ceramic phase within the porosity of the polymer structure 10. Thus, the composite 20 may be formed by positioning the polymer in the structure 10 formed of a porous ceramic or by positioning a ceramic in the structure 10 formed of a porous polymer.
Also, two polymers including different properties can be used to form the composite 20. A first polymer including a first property may be used to form the structure 10 that includes a selected porosity and/or channels. The porosity of the structure 10 can be filled with another polymer with a different property. Again, the properties of the two polymers may include a compressive strength, a resorption rate, a tensile strength, or the like. This can be achieved through injection molding, in situ polymerization, and solution casting techniques.
It will be understood that the structure 20 may be a substantially dual phase or greater composite so that it will react in substantially uniform manner when implanted in the body. The phases can refer to the phase of the structure 10 and the phase of the material positioned in the channels 16 of the structure 10, such as the polymer 21. According to various embodiments, the composite 20 may be about 30 weight percent (wt %) to about 70 wt % polymer fill 21 and about 30 wt % to about 70 wt % structure 10. For example, the composite material 20 may be about 55 wt % to about 65 wt % polymer fill 21 and about 45 wt % to about 55 wt % ceramic structure 10. Nevertheless, the composite 20 may be substantially 100 wt % polymer if the structure 10 is formed from a porous polymer matrix. In this case the composite 20 may be about 30 weight percent (wt %) to about 70 wt % polymer fill and about 30 wt % to about 70 wt % porous polymer matrix. The same applies to a substantially 100% ceramic composite composed of a slow and fast resorbing ceramic.
Both phases, that being the structure phase 10 and the fill phase 21 may be substantially continuous. This means, according to various embodiments, that the fill portion 21 is substantially interconnected throughout the composite 20 and that structure phase 10 is also substantially interconnected. This is can be a result of using an intact structure phase 10 rather than a particle. Though, it will be understood, that an appropriate structure phase 10 may be formed from particles. By filling the porosity of the structure phase 10 with a second material 21, the resulting composite 20 is effectively composed of two or more distinct, intact, and continuous phases. As discussed herein, the different resorption rates of the continuous phases 10, 21 within the composite 20 results in a resorption profile that can include a slowly degrading phase and a quickly degrading phase. The quickly degrading phase can allow for tissue ingrowth as the phase is resorbed whereas the slowly degrading phase provides the implant site with mechanical support. It will be understood that either the structure 10 or the fill 21 may be formed to be the quicker resorbing phase.
The composite 20 is the result of filling the macroporosity of structure 10. However, the microporosity of the structure 10 can be left open. This microporosity found in the ceramic phase of composite 20 may, without being bound by the theory, function in that it allows for the absorption of fluid throughout the composite 20 and the diffusion of degradation products out of the composite. This allows the composite 20 to degrade in an even manner from the inside out, results in a gradual transition of load to the newly regenerating tissue. In instances where acid based polymers such as poly(lactic acid) and poly (glycolic acid) are used as the fill phase within the composite, the microporosity in the ceramic allows the acidic products to leave the implant and be absorbed by the surrounding tissue in a timely manner.
As discussed above, the polymer injected into the structure 10 may fill the macroporosity of the matrix 10 but maintain an open microporosity. The effect of this microporosity and/or continuous phase aspects of the composite on the degradation of a continuous phase composite 20 is shown in
As illustrated in
Examining the composite degradation profile, as illustrated by line 32, the compressive strength of the composite material 20 is substantially linear over its lifetime. That is, that the degradation of the compressive strength of the composite 20 does not include any long periods of maintenance of a single strength, nor a steep drop off at any particular time. A substantially linear decrease in compressive strength over time in the degradative environment, such as an anatomical environment, allows for the gradual loading of healing tissue with additional stresses.
For example, when the implant is used as a bone replacement, it may be desirable to have a substantially continuous increase in stresses relative to the implant. As is known to one skilled in the art, the increase of stresses relative to the bone may increase or enhance bone ingrowth into the area. Particularly, in a resorbable implant, it is desirable to increase or enhance bone ingrowth into the area where the implant has been degraded. As the implant degrades, the stresses are transferred to the surrounding bone, and the new tissue slowly becomes load bearing.
In various embodiments, the composite material 20 has exhibited a linear decrease in strength as shown
With reference to
As illustrated in
With reference to
Further, the image in
In addition to the self-neutralizing ability of the composite, the presence of vascularized bone and residual microporosity also add to the overall biocompatibility of the degrading composite. This tissue and pore system serves as a means to transport degradation products from the site to the bloodstream. The blood vessels within the implant and the microporosity system allow degradation by-products to be cleared from the implant area in a timely manner.
With reference to
In addition, the polymer portion 76 may be composed of 100% PLDLLA. Such an implant can improve the mechanical properties of the device for various applications. For example, the second portion 76 including only the polymer region, may provide a torsional strength that is greater than the torsional strength of the composite portion 74. Therefore, a tool engaging portion or area 78 may be formed in the polymer portion 76 to allow for a greater torsional force to be applied to the implant 70 that may not be satisfied by the composite portion 74.
With reference to
With regard to the fabrication of implant 90, this orientation of polymer 94 and composite 92 can be fabricated by drilling holes within the porous structure 10 and then subjecting the structure 10 to one of the composite fabrication techniques. The addition of the polymer phase 21 to the structure 10 with holes, such as through injection molding, results in filling of the holes in addition to creating the composite. During the machining of the implant, the device 90 can be centered around the central polymer region 94 to define a bore 96 through the implant 70. The resulting implant will have a central polymer bore 94 surrounded by a composite region 92.
The implant 90 may be used for any appropriate purpose, and an engagement portion 98 may be formed on an exterior thereof. The engagement portion 98 may be used to engage various structures, such as bony portions, such that the implant 90 may be an anchor or may define a screw. Further, a tool engaging structure 100 may be defined in the polymer portion 94 for allowing engagement of a tool with the implant 90 for positioning the implant 90 in various anatomical locations. As discussed above, the implant 90 may be used for various purposes, similar to the purposes for the implant 70. Therefore, the implant 90 may be used as a bone anchor, a suture anchor, a soft tissue anchor, fracture screw, or any appropriate portion. Further, the implant 90 may be used for any other appropriate procedure or implant.
Implants, such as the implants 70, 90 according to various embodiments may be formed in many different ways and include different structures. Those described above are merely exemplary in nature and not intended to limit the teachings herein. For example, an implant 70,90 may include an exterior "thin" coat formed around a polymer interior, or vice versa. The thin coat may include a thickness that is substantially less than that of the interior portion, but provide selected properties to the implant. That is, the implant may be formed in any appropriate manner and for various purposes. Also a portion of the polymer may be placed as a seam or flex point in an implant with the composite or other material surrounding it.
Various other types of implants include sheets formed of the composite 20, for example implants that include a surface area greater than a thickness. Additionally, reinforcing ribs or struts composed of polymer can be added to the composite device in order to provide an improvement to the required mechanical properties. Also, tacks, bone fusion devices, bone graft devices, cement restrictors, intramedullary pins, and other implants may be formed from combinations of the composite 20 and polymer regions. Thus, one will understand that the implants described herein are merely exemplary.
With reference to
Additionally, the structure 10 can act as a bone growth scaffold it can also be added to the void 104. This would result in an implant including a central portion of the structure 10 and the composite 20 surrounding it. This would allow the composite 20 to support the surgical site while the graft or structure material 10 can allow for immediate ingrowth.
The cervical spine implant 100 may be formed in any appropriate manner. For example, a block of material formed of the composite 20 may be machined into a shape of the implant 100. Alternatively, the material forming the structure 10 can be machined into the cervical spine implant 100 shape and then filled with the polymer material to create the composite 20. Additionally, the implant 100 may include any appropriate dimensions, such as a selected length, width, height and depth. Further, the implant 100 may be formed to include an angle, such that a first side of the implant 100 may be taller than a second side of the implant 100. Regardless, the spinal implant 100 may be implanted into a the cervical spine, such as to assist in fusing one or more cervical vertebrae.
With reference to
Further, the PLIF implant 120 may include an exterior wall 122 that may define a structure including an interior wall 124 that defines an opening 126 that can be used to contain graft materials. The PLIF implant 120 may therefore be formed to fit or be implanted into a selected portion of the anatomy, such as a spinal fusion procedure. The PLIF implant 120 may be positioned in a selected portion of the spine, such as the thoracic portion, a lumbar portion, or a sacral portion, such as to assist in fusing one or more lumbar vertebrae. The PLIF implant 120 may also include a grasping region 127. The grasping region 127 may be defined as a groove or detent in the implant 120. The grasping region 127 may be grasped with an appropriate instrument, such as a forked instrument, for positioning and holding the implant 120 during implantation or other procedures.
With reference to
Spinal implants, such as the implants 100, 120, and 150, or any appropriate spinal implant may include selected materials to form the implants. As discussed herein the materials may be selected for a selected strength or strength degradation. Also the materials for the implant may be selected for a selected bone ingrowth.
With reference to
Regardless, the implant 170 may define the thread 172 and the driving portion 176 such that the implant 170 may be inserted into a selected portion of the anatomy. Similar to the implants 70, 90 illustrated in
The implant 170 may be formed substantially completely of the composite material 20. It will be understood that the implant 170 or the implants described above according to various embodiments, may be provided for various procedures or purposes. As is generally understood in the art, a graft may be positioned or provided of soft tissue to interconnect a femur and a tibia. The implant 170 may be used to substantially hold the soft tissue portion relative to a selected portion of the anatomy. As discussed above, the composite material forming the implant 170 may be absorbed into the anatomy at a selected rate to allow for bone ingrowth and fixation, such as a generally anatomical fixation, of the soft tissue may be provided.
With reference to
The implant 190 may be used for various purposes, such as fracture fixation, where the implant 190 may be used stabilize bone fragments and to assist in healing of the fracture site. The implant 190 may also be used as a graft retaining plate or structural support during spinal fusion procedures The implant 190 may be formed to include a selected rigidity or strength, as discussed above, for assisting in the bony structure healing. As previously discussed, the implant may or may not contain polymer regions attached to the composite to improve the bending resistance and rigidity of the device or to impart a polymer seam that would provide flexibility. For example, a support portion of the polymer material 21 may be placed or formed along a length or other dimension of the implant 90 to achieve a selected strength or other property.
Additionally, implant 190 in
Similar to the plate 190 in
With reference to
The implant 220 may then be driven into the bone of the soft tissue fixation site. The suture 222 is then used to affix the soft tissue to bone. The implant 220 may be generally driven into a bore formed in the portion of the anatomy including a diameter less than a diameter or dimension of the interference members 228, 230. Therefore, the implant 220 may form an interference fit with a selected portion of the anatomy to hold the suture 222 relative to the selected portion of the anatomy.
With reference to
With reference to implant 250, the device may be used in structural grafting applications in areas such as the foot and ankle, tibia, femur, and pelvis where structural support is desired in addition to bone regeneration. The implant 250 may be filled with a selected material 262 that has been positioned in the open portion 258.
As illustrated above, the continuous phase composite material 20 may be formed in the plurality of configurations for various purposes. Further, as also discussed above, the structure 10 may be formed into a selected shape, orientation, geometry, or the like and then filled with a polymer.
Similarly, it will be understood, that the final implant shape may be established inter-operatively to provide a custom fit to the surgical site. For example, the bone graft wedge of implant 250 illustrated in
The implant 250, whether customized or not, may be used in a procedure such as to replace a selected portion of a bone 260. The implant may be filled with the graft material 262 to fill a void that may have formed in the bone 260. A further plate 266 (see
With reference to
Therefore, it will be understood that the composite 20 illustrated in
Various different material combinations may be used to form the composite 20. The various different combinations of materials may be selected for different purposes and applications, such as where an implant may be positioned in the anatomy. For example, with reference to Table 1, different applications of the implant may include a different selected property. The selected property may be formed or incorporated into the composite material from which an implant may be made depending upon the combination of materials and selected materials used to form the composite 20.
For example a procedure may be selected to include a selected property, such as a compressive strength after a selected time period after implantation. For example, a spinal fusion implant may be selected to include about 1500 N to about 3000 N of compressive strength at least about six months after implantation. This may be selected for various purposes, such as the amount of time generally necessary for bone ingrowth to form a selected fusion. Therefore, a selected material may be chosen for the polymer 21 of the composite 20. For example, the PLDLLA polymer, discussed above, may form about 60% of the composite 20 with about 40% of the composite 20 being the structure 10 formed of the Pro Osteon 500R. Such a combination can achieve a compressive strength of about 1500 N to about 3000 N at about 6 months after implantation. Although other polymers and other structures 10 may be used to achieve similar results.
In other applications, a fast resorption of the composite 20 may be selected. For example, in a fracture healing or repair may be faster than in a fusion. Therefore, an implant that is substantially resorbed after about 3 to about 6 months may be selected. Such an implant may be formed with a copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid. The copolymer can be about 85% lactic acid and about 15% glycolic acid, similar to the material sold as Lacotsorb™ by Biomet, Inc. An implant including such a copolymer as about 60% of the composite while the other about 40% is formed of the Pro Osteon may be used in a fracture situation. For example, the screw 170 may be formed of such a composition for use in an Anterior Cruciate Ligament replacement procedure to provide a selected time when the graft is no longer held with the implant screw 170.
Also the polymer, or slower resorbing material, may be selected based upon inherent properties or ones formed therein. For example, a slower resorbing polymer may generally be one including a higher molecular weight. Thus, the slower the implant should resorb or the longer a selected property, such as compressive strength is needed, the higher the molecular weight may be chosen for the polymer. However, it will also be understood that selected polymers may include properties that may be achieved at lower molecular weights. Also selected strengths of the polymer may be inherent in the polymer itself, rather than a selected molecular weight thereof.
The composite 20 may be formed according a plurality of methods, as discussed above. Although the composite may also be formed to include a selected material contained therein. As discussed above, graft material may be positioned in an implant formed of the composite 20.
With reference to
The blank 356 may then be injected with the polymer, as discussed above. This may create polymer potions 358 that extend from a composite 352, that may be similar to the composite 20. The injection may occur by melting the polymer and injecting it under pressure into the pores and/or channels defined by the blank 356. The composite 352 may then have the exterior polymer portions 358 removed to include substantially only the composite 352.
A fill material 354 may then be inserted into the composite form 352. The fill material 354 may be any appropriate material. For example the fill material 354 may be substantially similar to the material that formed the blank 356. The two portions, including the fill 354 and the composite 352 may then be heated to meld the two together to form the implant 350.
The implant 350 may be similar to the implant 250 that included the graft material. In the implant 350, however, the fill material 354 may be formed into the implant and provided complete for a procedure. Thus, implants may be formed to include voids or pre-filled voids. The fill material 354 may serve the same purpose as the graft material discussed above, such as a void filling or support purposes. Nevertheless, the implant 350 may include the fill material 354 and be manufactured with the fill material 354.
With reference to
After the implant region is selected in block 402 loads may be determined relative to that that the region in block 404. For example, a compressive force, shear force, torsion force, or the like may be determined at the selected region of the anatomy. For example, it may be determined that about 1500-3000 N may be experienced in a spinal region. Although other forces may be determined and may depend upon a patient, the region selected, and other considerations.
Also other forces that the implant may experience can be determined. For example a torsion stress necessary for implantation may be determined. Thus not only forces in the selected region of the anatomy, but other forces may be determined in block 404. Properties of an implant may then be determined in block 406. For example, after the experienced forces are determined in block 404 the forces that the implant may be required to withstand, for various reasons, can be determined. For example, if the force experienced in the spine is about 1000 N it may be selected to form the implant to include a compressive strength of about 3000 N at about 6 months after implantation. Therefore, the loads determined in the anatomical region may be different than those determined as a property of the implant in block 406, but they may be related.
Also, a selected resorption time may be a property selected in block 406. For example, a resorption time of the implant may depend upon selected loads in the region of the anatomy or ingrowth rates at the selected regions, or other selected reasons. Thus the resorption time or profile of the implant may be determined in block 406. In this regard, bond ingrowth in various regions of the body may vary depending on the region, loads encountered, and anatomical condition of the area of interest.
Then implant materials may be determined in block 408. The materials selected may be the appropriate material to form the structure 10 or the appropriate polymer for the polymer fill 21. Although, as discussed above, both can be polymers or both can be ceramic materials. Also, the implant materials may be selected to achieve the selected properties, such as a strength, strength degradation profile, resorption profile, load bearing, etc. As also discussed above the materials selected may be a polymer of a selected molecular weight, a certain co-polymer, etc.
Also in determining the materials in block 408 the form of the implant can be determined when determining the implant materials in block 408, or at any appropriate time. As discussed above the implant may include a composite portion and a non-composite portion. Therefore, to achieve the determined properties of the implant, such designs may also be determined in block 408.
Then the implant can be formed in block 410. The implant may be formed of the materials determined in block 408 and the configuration determined in block 408. The implant may be formed according to any appropriate method and the formation method may also be chosen depending upon a selected property. For example, a polymer may be melted and then injected into a porous structure. Nevertheless, any appropriate method may be used to form the implant in block 410.
The implant formed in block 410 may then be implanted in block 412. As discussed above the implant may be customized by a user prior to implantation or it may be implanted as formed in block 410. Also a graft material may be used with the implant formed in block 410, also as discussed above. Generally, however, after the implant is formed in block 410 it can be implanted in block 412. Then generally the method ends in block 414.
The method 400, however, is merely exemplary and an implant may be formed of the composite 20 according to any appropriate method. The implant formed according to method 400 can include a selected property to achieve selected results after implantation. The selected properties can be achieved by selecting appropriate materials for the composite implant, a selected configuration of the implant, or other appropriate considerations.
Also, regardless of the method chosen the composite may be used to form an implant that includes a selected strength over a selected period of time, yet can still allow ingrowth of bone. The composite material may be formed into an implant where bone may grow into regions that are faster resorbing that other regions. This may be created by including the faster resorbing phase and the slower resorbing phase. The difference in resorption rates may be any appropriate difference, such as about 10% to about 200% different. Regardless, the slower resorbing phase may be selected for a strength quality to achieve a selected strength degradation profile, while the faster responding phase may be selected based upon the bone regrowth rate of the area of interest. This can assist in bone regrowth and in allowing recovery when a resorption may be selected in a load bearing area of the anatomy. This may also be used to achieve a selected strength of the implant for a selected period for any appropriate purpose.
As otherwise understood, the method 400 can be used to select materials and properties of the materials for a selected or unique application. The known or determine bone growth rate of a selected region of the anatomy can be used to assist in determining the materials to be used in forming the implant, the ratios of the materials to be used, or the specific properties of the materials to be used. Also the forces that are experienced in a selected region of the anatomy may be used to select the materials to be used to form an implant. Thus a higher selected strength may be used to select different materials for forming the implant. Therefore, the method 400 may be used to select materials for an implant, select a structure of an implant, or other features of the implant.
The teachings herein are merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the teachings are intended to be within the scope of the teachings. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the teachings.
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TV Info
Episode PremiereJuly 07, 2013
Show Period2011 - now
Production CompanyDreamWorks Television
Cast and Crew
DirectorAdam Kane
ScreenwriterDavid Weddle, Bradley Thompson, John Wirth
Main Cast
- Noah Wyle as Tom Mason
- Moon Bloodgood as Anne Glass
- Will Patton as Captain Weaver
- Drew Roy
- Connor Jessup
- Maxim Knight
- Colin Cunningham
- Mpho Koaho
- Seychelle Gabriel as Lourdes Delgado
- Scarlett Byrne
- Sarah Carter
- Peter Shinkoda
- Catalina Sandino Moreno as Isabella
Additional Cast
Hal finally reveals his internal struggle to everyone, and it doesn't bode well for the Masons. Lourdes experiments with a risky new medical procedure. And Charleston's government sees a massive shift in leadership when a group breaks away on a search and rescue mission.


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Chesapeake And Atlantic Coastal Bays Trust Fund Now Accepting Proposals For State Fiscal Year 2012
Annapolis, MD (March 3, 2010) — The State of Maryland is now accepting
proposals for the 2012 fiscal year, for projects to curb polluted runoff and
move the State toward its 2-year milestones. The deadline is 5:00 p.m., May 28,
2010. The Department of Natural Resources (DNR) will hold two workshops in
March, to cover specific information on what will be in the Chesapeake and
Atlantic Coastal Bays Trust Fund Request for Proposal (RFP), what has changed
from the first round, what a great proposal should include and an overview of
technical resources available.
"This approach differs significantly from our traditional way of doing business related to Bay restoration," said Governor Martin O'Malley. "For the past 25 years, we've spread money and projects around the state with limited success. This new approach recognizes that we do not have the resources to do everything, everywhere, and instead targets the Trust Fund dollars in areas and ways that the science tells us will have the greatest results."
The local government and non-governmental organizations (NGO) applying must pitch projects located in the most effective areas to improve the health of the Chesapeake Bay, Atlantic Coastal Bays and focus on local water quality.
As a part of Maryland's plan to clean up the Chesapeake Bay, the first 2-year milestone consists of a suite of 27 actions to reduce harmful runoff by 3.75 million pounds of nitrogen and 193,000 pounds of phosphorus. Governor O'Malley announced the 2-year milestones last May to accelerate Maryland's on the ground efforts to reach its current nutrient reduction goals by a newly established end date of 2020. The Governor made the announcement at the 26th meeting of the Chesapeake Executive Council, the multi-jurisdictional partnership that coordinates regional Bay restoration programming.
Through this competitive RFP, applicants may apply for funding for projects that improve water quality by reducing nitrogen, phosphorus and/or sediment pollution and that help to achieve the 2-Year Milestone. Expected annual funding amounts range from $1 million to $5 million annually per proposal. Multi-year proposals up to three years are welcomed. These grants provide an opportunity for locally driven initiatives to improve water quality close to home and the Bay.
The workshops will be held on March 19 at the 4-H Center in College Park, and on March 23 at the Wye Research Center in Queenstown. Both workshops start at 10 a.m. and run to 12 p.m. Registration is open and a webinar registration is available for those who cannot attend in person.
For more information regarding the trust fund, Workshops and/or a copy of the RFP, please visit http://www.dnr.maryland.gov/ccp/funding/trust_fund.asp, or contact Jennifer Raulin at 410.260.8745 (firstname.lastname@example.com).
|March 3, 2010
Contact: Josh Davidsburg
The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR), which celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2009, is the state agency responsible for providing natural and living resource-related services to citizens and visitors. DNR manages more than 467,000 acres of public lands and 17,000 miles of waterways, along with Maryland's forests, fisheries, and wildlife for maximum environmental, economic and quality of life benefits. A national leader in land conservation, DNR-managed parks and natural, historic, and cultural resources attract 12 million visitors annually. DNR is the lead agency in Maryland's effort to restore the Chesapeake Bay, the state's number one environmental priority. Learn more at www.dnr.maryland.gov


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GLASGOW, Scotland - CSUN senior Hafsatu Kamara has continued her post-Matador track & field career as she is representing Sierra Leone at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland.
Kamara, who completed her senior year at CSUN in June, is competing for her native Sierra Leone as the games which run from July 24-Aug 3. She opened the competition in the 100 meters on Sunday (July 27) and will also run the 200 meters and the 4x100 relay.
In the 100 meter prelims, Kamara lined up against Olympic and World Championship medalist Blessing Okagbare of Nigeria. Okagbare won the heat in 11.20 to advance to the second round while Kamara was fifth in 12.14.
"I felt like I ran well especially since I was lined up against the potentional 100 meter champion Blessing Okagbare," said Kamara. "Before the Commonwealth Games, CSUN head coach Avery Anderson and I made some progressive changes in my race plan and execution. My 100m race was my opportunity to put those changes to the test and I'm pleased with how I was able to transfer what we've practiced into a high level of performance."
Kamara will open the 200 meters on Wednesday at 9:15 local time (1:15 PDT). She will be in the fifth of sixth 200 meter heats and comes in with a personal-best time of 23.83.
Check back at GoMatadors.com throughout the Commonwealth Games for further updates.
UPDATE (July 30): Kamara finished sixth in heat five of the 200 meters in a time of 25.12.


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2008 archive
» November 10, 2008
Faculty meeting and staff coffee recap: budget, holiday days off and more
At meetings last week with faculty and staff, President Bridges addressed a range of topics. Here's a recap:
College Budget/Trustee Meeting
Campus Holiday Party
Holiday Days Off
Football Reunion
Town-Gown recipient
Amber R. Dobbs-Woodworth, communications operations manager, received the 2008 Town-Gown Award at the Walla Walla Valley Chamber of Commerce annual banquet Wednesday, Nov. 5. President George Bridges presented the award, which each year honors a member of the Whitman faculty or staff whose service to the greater Walla Walla Valley enriches the lives and strengthens the ties between the two communities. President Bridges thanked her for her tireless efforts to help people in need and told her "We need more people like you."
Amber's community service activities include coordinating programs during the holidays to provide for families in need (since 1995) and during the fall (since 1996) to provide back-to-school supplies to children who would otherwise go without them. She has volunteered at the Christian Aid Center and in the Blue Mountain Action Council's adult literacy program, where she won "Volunteer of the Year" award in 2002. Active in the Dayton High School parent association, she was a strong force behind the 2008 graduating class's "safe and sane" graduation party, and her most current efforts include fostering homeless cats and kittens until Purrfect Pets can find them permanent homes.
"I'm overwhelmed to receive such an honor for doing the things that I enjoy. Helping others makes me feel alive," she said.
Library announces changes to Summit borrowing system, effective Dec. 1
Major changes are in store for Summit, the popular library system used by Whitman students, faculty and staff to borrow resources from other academic libraries.
Currently, Summit provides access to more than 28 million items from 34 college and university libraries throughout Oregon and Washington. This fall, the Penrose library staff is working with other members of the Orbis Cascade Alliance to upgrade and improve Summit. When the project is completed in 2009, you'll be able to access more than 107 million items from libraries around the world — with one easy search.
Dalia Corkrum, library director, reports that "Summit services will continue without interruption until the upgrade is completed, but users will want to be aware of several important things during the transition." Among them:
"Penrose Library staff will be on a learning curve as programming is tested and workflows change, and as we implement the new Summit. Your patience and flexibility during this time of change are appreciated," Julie Carter, interim access services coordinator, says. "We're confident that you'll appreciate the enhancements in store for this important service."
Watch The Fountain and e-mail for announcements about new Summit training sessions. For more information about the new Summit, read the Questions and Answers file or ask a library staff member.
Faculty accomplishments
The article Juli Dunn, associate professor of sport studies and head athletic trainer, wrote for the 2007 Whitman Magazine "In Their Words" column was reprinted in Olympic Coach magazine. Dunn's column described her research on how athletes learn. Read the article online here.
Gary Rollefson, associate professor of anthropology and esteemed New East archaeologist, received mention (as did Whitman College by association) in this month's Smithsonian magazine. Prof. Rollefson was called in to offer expert opinion on the work of Klaus Schmidt's work on megaliths in Gobekli Tepe, Turkey.
Pat Henry, Cushing Eells professor of philosophy and literature and foreign literatures, emeritus, wrote an opinion piece that was published in the Nov. 5 Seattle Times. "Wisdom of the monks: a vow of dialogue" tells of Henry's meeting with monks and suggests the presidential candidates do the same. The piece can be read online here.
Horizon Air: bigger planes means allow more time
The staff of Horizon Air has asked the college to notify campus community members that you should plan to get to the airport earlier than you might ordinarily, to help ensure on-time departures — especially for holiday travel. Horizon's new aircraft leaving from WW have twice the capacity as the older ones, but the company has not added staff to process travelers or to handle baggage. This means that more time will be needed to get planes loaded for departure. If you have questions about this, please contact Horizon Air.
Benefits information sessions announced
The Office of Human Resources will host two information sessions on changes to the 2009 medical/dental/vision plan: Tuesday, Nov. 18 at 4 p.m. and Thursday, Nov. 20 at 10 a.m. Both sessions will be held in Maxey Auditorium.
Important note — Open enrollment will take place during the month of December. Materials will be sent out near the end of November.
If you're looking for a way to make veggies more appealing…
This recipe for a healthful cauliflower-potato dish, comes from the Live Well, Work Well Newsletter from Parker, Smith and Feek, Inc.
Bring potatoes to a boil in a large pot with water. Reduce heat and simmer (covered) until tender when pierced with a fork. Drain and mash. Bring 1 1/2 cups water to a boil in another pot and add cauliflower. Reduce heat and simmer (covered) until tender. Drain and cool slightly. Place cauliflower in a blender with milk and butter (you may need to do in several batches), blend, and combine with potatoes. Serves 6-8. For an even healthier twist, use sweet potatoes.
Read the November wellness newsletter here.
Coming Events
All free unless otherwise stated
Tuesday, Nov. 7
Lecture: "Cicero's Communitarian Politics" will be presented by Professor Anthony Long. Annual Kimball Lecture, 4 p.m., Maxey Auditorium
Tuesday, Nov. 11
Lecture: "Going Upstream: Boot Causes of Immigration." 7 p.m., Olin 130.
Tuesday, Nov. 11
Concert: Whitman College Department of Music presents the U.S. Army Jazz Ambassadors. 7:30 p.m., Cordiner Hall.
Wednesday, Nov. 12, through Sunday, Nov. 16
Play: Harper Joy Theatre presents "Perfect Pie" by Canadian playwright Judith Thompson on the Freimann Stage. Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, 8 p.m., Saturday and Sunday, 2 p.m. Call the Box Office at x5180 for tickets. --A rhubarb pie and a cassette tape reunite two childhood friends, estranged for 30 years, who confront the terrifying event that separated them and rediscover the grace of friendship.
Thursday, Nov. 13
Reading: Visiting Writers Reading Series presents Cara Diaconoff. 7 p.m., Kimball Theatre, Hunter Conservatory.
Thursday, Nov. 13
Lecture: "Nabataean Nuances: Filling Gaps in a Trade Empire" will be presented by Gary Rollefson, associate professor of anthropology. Sponsored by the Archaeological Institute of America. 7:30 p.m., Olin 130.
Thursday, Nov. 13
Visiting Educator: Brian Tucker of Geohazards International. 7:30 p.m. Maxey Auditorium.
Thursday, Nov. 13
Recital: Guest cello artists William and Linda Wharton in recital. 7:30 p.m., Chism Recital Hall.
Friday, Nov. 14
Recital: Fridays at Four presents the Whitman Flute Choir. 4 p.m., Kimball Theatre, Hunter Conservatory.
Friday, Nov. 14
Pageant: The seventh annual Mr. Whitman Male Beauty Pageant. Eight senior men will compete for the crown. The competition is a two-hour event, meant to entertain, that includes talent, question and answer session, swim wear and formal wear sections. Proceeds go to charity. 7 p.m., Cordiner Hall. Tickets $5 in advance; $8 at the door.
Friday, Nov. 14, and Sunday, Nov. 16
Movie: "The Secret Lives of Others" (von Donnersmarck, 2006). 7:30 p.m., Kimball Theatre, Hunter Conservatory.
Friday, Nov. 14
Concert: The Whitman Wind Ensemble Concert, Peter Crawford, conductor. 7:30 p.m., Chism Recital Hall, Hall of Music.
Sunday, Nov. 16
Concert: Whitman Symphony Orchestra Fall Concert, Edward Dixon, conductor. 7:30 p.m., Cordiner Hall.
Save the Date — Dec. 11-14
Theatre: Harper Joy Theatre presents "The Shadow" by Yevgheny Shvarts, translated by Elisaveta Fen. From Soviet Russia, this play is a darkly comic fable of innocence and corruption. A young scholar visiting a kingdom where "all they tell you in fairy tales happens every day," longs to marry its princess but is betrayed by his own shadow. Details are online here.
Parting Shot
For this week's Parting Shot, Greg Lehman, photographer/communications officer, takes us back a couple months to cut through the recent dreary, foggy days with a reminder of sun, warmth and color beyond the autumnal palette. This beautiful flower was found in the bed outside Maxey Hall.
The Fountain is published by the Office of Communications. Send news to Editor Lenel Parish at firstname.lastname@example.com. Photos are accepted. Submissions are due by Tuesday at 5 p.m. for the following week's issue. Director of Communications: Ruth Wardwell. Online: www.whitman.edu/fountain
Join the conversation
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Robert Reich: The American public doesn't want or need to hear "representatives" from the so-called right or left. It wants insight into what's best for America.
The Myth of the Sensible Center
Carl Bloice: The "moderate Republican" has gone the way of the typewriter. As the tea party people and their ilk become more racist and reactionary – and their rhetoric more incendiary, each day – the GOP encourages them and endeavors to pull them into its embrace. Meanwhile the "bluedog Democrats" become increasingly irrelevant with each passing day, their bark more in evidence than their bite.


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Ask Andrew W.K.: Can I Turn a Dog Into a Gentleman?
|Ashley Eberbach
Dear Andrew, I've started messing around with a guy, but I'm not sleeping with him. He's the type of guy who likes being single because he enjoys picking up girls. He says it's a confidence booster. But when we're together, he calls me gorgeous and keeps grabbing for my hand to hold it. His friends tell me he's had a crush on me for years. Can I make him change his ways and possibly get a relationship out of this guy? What can I do to help him see that a relationship with me is worth giving up being single?
-- Head Over Heels For the Unattainable
Dear Head Over Heels,
Please don't try and "make him change his ways." It's not right and it usually only succeeds at pushing others away. People have to change because they want to change for their own reasons, not for yours. They have to arrive at those big decisions themselves and not through manipulation or pressure.
I'd also suggest examining why you're specifically interested in someone who seems to have made it clear that he doesn't want a relationship and likes being with other women. Why would you go after someone that doesn't fit what you're looking for? Is it because it's fun to have a challenge? Someone to try and change? Is it a project to occupy yourself with so you don't have to think about other issues in your own life?
People are not projects--they're human beings. Leave him alone and go party with some other guy. Or just yourself.
Your friend,
Andrew W.K.
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Fabregas believes his former club have signed Real Madrid's "second-best player" in Ozil.
Ther Germany international joined Arsenal in a club-record Ł42.4million move on transfer deadline day.
Fabregas told Spanish radio station Cadena Cope: "I was really surprised by Ozil's departure. He seemed to me the second-best player at Madrid, after Cristiano (Ronaldo).
"He'll be great for Arsenal."


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Yeah, so, at this point, I'm seeing these things in my sleep … speaking of which, I need to go get some—sleep, that is; I'm even more exhausted than usual, because I spent two-and-a-half hours stringing up the outdoor Christmas lights this afternoon/evening, and my-oh-my, it sure was brisk out there.
Here's a little tease for you, though: me + Christmas lights + a poorly placed ladder = much hilarity. Story soon to follow.


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The last 40 seconds of Mac DeMarco's 2 (spoiler alert?) feature a one-way conversation. After strumming the last chord of "Still Together", we hear DeMarco set down his strings, lean over and half-whisper to an anonymous companion "Kiki", "Hey, time for bed, you're sleeping/You have a little indentation from the glasses that you fell asleep in."
The last-minute grace note is equal parts cute and winking. Like Real Estate's Days, its stylistic cousin from last year, 2 is certain to incite just as much high acclaim as frustrated backlash to all the acclaim for such technically basic music, and you can bet the farm that the first criticism you'll hear will be a slightly prolonged version of "zzzzz". Also like Days, 2 is one of the most deceptively masterful exhibitions of sedated and sun-soaked guitar rock you'll hear all year.
DeMarco tones down the Elvis-in-lipstick pastiche he wore so prominently on his Captured Tracks debut EP, Rock and Roll Nightclub, instead shifting his focus towards restraint and consistency. 2's subject matter, meanwhile, is as loose and detached as the countless airy guitar riffs that accompany it – DeMarco is equally carefree singing about unemployment in "Freaking Out the Neighborhood" as he is while serenading his favorite cigarette brand in "Ode to Viceroy". Half-asleep though he may sound on 2, DeMarco zeros in on a certain zone that happens to celebrate underachievement, and yet the record itself is far from one. He owns these songs of slackerhood completely, delivering a lean collection of 11 that concisely communicate the nature of the 20-something daydreamer – no more, no less.
Essential Tracks: "Ode to Viceroy", "Robson Girl", and "Sherrill"


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Election candidate profile
The 2012 general election is Tuesday, Nov. 6. We are running profiles from candidates who have filled out our questionnaire. For answers to more questions from this candidate and others, visit Herald-Dispatch.com. Click Elections, then Local Races. If a candidate has submitted his or her profile information and questions, the candidate's name will be a blue hyperlink to that information. Candidates' replies appear as they were submitted and have not been edited.
NAME: Bob Bailey
CANDIDATE FOR: Cabell County Commission
PARTY: Democrat
CITY: Huntington
EDUCATION: Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts in Education Administration Marshall University.
CURRENT OFFICE OR OCCUPATION (INCLUDE SPECIFIC YEARS SERVED): Cabell County Commissioner - 18 years.
OTHER WORK HISTORY: Teacher and Coach at Huntington East High School (13) years; Sheriff of Cabell County (8) years; City Council (8) years; Mayor of Huntington (1) year.
CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS: Elks Club 313; Barboursville Moose Lodge; President of TTA; Vice-President - CCCSO; NAACP; HADCO; Chamber of Commerce; KYOVA; Board of Governors, MCTC; veteran of U.S. Marine Corp.
FAMILY: Two daughters Lisa, 49; Robin, 42.
QUESTION & ANSWER: What do you think about consolidating services with other government agencies?
"I am in favor of consolidating to save taxpayers money. We presently have consolidated the E911 system, the Animal Shelter, and Cabell County Ambulance Services. Our Sheriff's Deputies and Police Departments all work hand in hand for the safety of the public."
OTHER CANDIDATES: Bailey faces Republican Greg Riley in the general election..
CANDIDATES: To add your information to our Election site, email your contact information to Online Editor Andrea Copley-Smith at email@example.com.


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The use of alternative technologies to develop malolactic fermentation in wine
- S. Maicas
- … show all 1 hide
Rent the article at a discountRent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
The development of the malolactic fermentation, bioconversion of L-malic acid to L-lactic acid, is a difficult and time-consuming process that does not always proceed favorably under the natural conditions of wine. Traditional fermentations are used worldwide to produce high-quality wines, although delay or failure is not an unusual outcome. During recent years several technologies have been proposed to induce biological deacidification of wines by using malolactic bacteria, principally Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus sp. These alternative technologies usually involve the use of high densities of cells or enzymes, free or immobilized onto different matrices. Immobilization materials, several types of bioreactors, and the properties of many specific systems are discussed in this review.
- Title
- The use of alternative technologies to develop malolactic fermentation in wine
- Journal
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Volume 56, Issue 1-2 , pp 35-39
- Cover Date
- 2001-07
- 10.1007/s002530100662
- Print ISSN
- 0175-7598
- Online ISSN
- 1432-0614
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- S. Maicas (A1)
- Author Affiliations
- A1. Departament de Biotecnologia, Institut d'Agroquímica i Tecnologia d'Aliments, CSIC, Paterna, P.O. Box 73, Burjassot, València, Spain 46100,


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Wedding Caterers near bristow,va
Other Wedding Vendors near bristow,va:
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|Wedding Rehearsal Dinner (268)
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|Wedding Travel Agents (168)
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0 Vendors Selected. Select up to 5 vendors to compare in one of the following categories: Venues, Bands, Catering, Photography or Videographers.
Saint Germain Catering15 Reviews
Vienna, VA | 703-506-9396
Saint Germain Catering's highly talented team of wedding planners and chefs can take care of all the details for your wedding day and the many...(more)
Maison Culinaire, Inc.8 Reviews
Sterling, VA | 571-203-0111
Maison Culinaire is a full service premiere catering company that strives to be the best. Our offerings are competitive in price, while unequaled...(more)
Contact Us Website
Expires: Oct 31, 2015
If you book your reception for at least 100 people with us within the next 90 days(end of October 2015), we will give you $750 off the final price!ORYou can receive either one of these things for free:~China and silverware~Champagne ~a signature cocktail of your choosing~Hors D' Oeuvres(up to 300 pieces)Let us know what your hearts desire is!
RSVP Catering55 Reviews
It's your party. Let us make it special.
Fairfax, VA | 703-573-8700
RSVP Catering sets the standard for elegant, innovative Washington parties. We use the highest quality ingredients in fresh, new ways to match...(more)
Simply Fresh Events3 Reviews
Poolesville, MD | 240-685-2500
Simply Fresh Events is a fresh food catering company serving clients in central Maryland, northern Virginia, and Washington, DC. We offer...(more)
Rust and Lace2 Reviews
Wedding Division of Geppetto Catering
Riverdale, MD | 301-927-8800
Rust and Lace Wedding Division of Geppetto Catering Farm to Table Menus at Unique Country Venues Farm to table menus, outdoor, country style...(more)
Rocklands Barbeque and Grilling Company67 Reviews
A memorable event at a remarkable price!
Alexandria, VA | 703-778-8000
Rocklands Barbeque and Grilling Company is a unique full-service catering company. Treat your guests to the Rocklands experience of authentic wood...(more)
Contact Us Website
Mention that you found us on Wedding Wire and we'll gussy up your buffet! We'll throw in a decorative tablecloth overlay and battery-operated votives free of charge."
Ridgewells Catering28 Reviews
Fresh Directions in Creative Catering
Bethesda, MD | 301-652-1515
In-the-know couples choose Ridgewells Catering to make their wedding dreams come true. Whether you envision an intimate gathering or a formal...(more)
Savoir Fare Ltd.18 Reviews
Round Hill, VA | 540-338-8300
Savoir Fare Limited is known throughout Northern Virginia as a Catering firm with a uniquely fresh, comfortable approach to fine cuisine. Savoir...(more)
Windows Catering Company101 Reviews
Known as one of the premier off-premise caterers in Washington DC
Alexandria, VA | 703-519-3500
Founded by Henry Dinardo, one of the Top 25 Chefs in America by Food & Wine Magazine, Windows Catering Company is one of Washington D.C.'s premier...(more)
Root and Stem7 Reviews
Falls Church, VA | 703-289-1281
Joseph's review: We arranged, along with my son and his fiancé, for Root and Stem to cater our son's wedding and couldn't be happier... (more)
Caroline Street Cafe & Catering105 Reviews
It's your day.... It's your menu!
Fredericksburg, VA | 540-654-9180
Your wedding day should be as special as you are to your family and friends. Celebrate the day with a great location and food that mirrors your...(more)
TF Caterers5 Reviews
Rockville, MD | 301-251-2005
tf Caterers, an exceptional catering company specializing in international cuisines along with American classics. We offer 'cuisine experiences"...(more)
Purple Onion Catering Company65 Reviews
Let The Purple Onion Catering Company make your wedding day worry free.
Vienna, VA | 703-631-0050
Unique wedding celebrations! Purple Onion works with couples interested in making a statement with their weddings. Our culinary masterminds work...(more)
Putting on the Ritz ,Catering281 Reviews
Laurel, MD | 301-725-4220
Putting on the Ritz Catering has been serving the area for over 20 years with outstanding food, friendly servers and award winning decorators at...(more)
Contact Us Website
Expires: Dec 31, 2015
$6395.00 complete wedding package for parties of 90 to 100 guests Rental of historic Savage Mill Manor House ~ any day with party ending by 4pm Complete brunch meal including all linens and china for your special day Served with a wine and mimosa bar , soft drinks and bottle water also included Wedding cake D.J. ( for parties under 90 subtract $30.00 per guest. )
Helga's Caterers39 Reviews
McLean, VA | 703-556-0780
For over 30 years, Helga's has been creating fine food and great experiences for D.C. Metropolitan area families, businesses, and organizations who...(more)
Range and Reef9 Reviews
Annapolis Area, MD | 240-476-7291
Range and Reef takes the concept of "Personal Chef" catering from inside the kitchen to outside venues for upscale, yet informal, culinary...(more)
Catering by Seasons59 Reviews
A division of La Prima
College Park, MD | 301-477-3515
Catering by Seasons – sophisticated, eco-elegant cuisine Founded on home-grown quality and sustainable business practices with 25 years of...(more)
Celebrations Catering50 Reviews
Thurmont, MD | 301-271-2220
When you're planning a once in a lifetime event with your closest friends and family in attendance high quality food is important, as well as...(more)
Savory Gourmet Catering & Events25 Reviews
Bold | Fresh | Delicious
Gaithersburg, MD | 877-711-3551
Savory Gourmet Catering is full service catering. For your guests, you want the very best. The perfect meal made from freshest ingredients...(more)
Canapés Catering86 Reviews
Ingredients for a memorable affair!
Frederick, MD | 301-663-8220
Congratulations on your engagement! Your wedding should be one of the happiest occasions of your life and Canapés strives to make sure that we do...(more)
Old Blue BBQ14 Reviews
Bringing People Together with Exceptional Barbecue
Arlington, VA | 703-552-4544
Old Blue BBQ strives to bring fresh ideas and flavors to barbeque while using recipes and techniques that highlight our appreciation for the...(more)
Corcoran Caterers51 Reviews
Silver Spring, MD | 301-588-9200
Commitment- that is what drives us. Commitment to excellence, commitment to service - commitment to you, our Customer. When it comes time to plan...(more)
R&R Catering332 Reviews
Springfield, VA | 703-451-2798
More couples choose R&R CATERING to service their special day over any other caterer in the Washington DC area. Our delicious and flavorful...(more)
Equinox Restaurant1 Review
Washington, DC | 202-331-8118
Dining at Equinox is a regional and seasonal experience. Chef Todd Gray has remained true to his roots in the Mid-Atlantic region by showcasing...(more)


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Police Beat
North Yarmouth Police Beat: June 23
There were no arrests or summonses during the period reported.
Fire calls
6/17 at 4:38 p.m. Vehicle accident, Gray and Mill roads.
6/20 at 6:17 p.m. Assist rescue, Doughty Road.
There were three calls for emergency medical service from June 15 through June 21.


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"New Mailbox" malfunctions in iMac mail
When I create a 'new mailbox,' all of my incoming email goes direclty to that newly created mailbox. The system even ignores present 'rules' I have already set up. How can I rectify this annoying problem?
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