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Similar Use Fees & Inspections
You are here:
Safety & Inspections
Determination of Similar Use
Determination of Similar Use
General Information
A Determination of Similar Use is when the
Planning Commission
determines that a proposed use that is not in the zoning ordinance is "similar" to a use that is in the zoning code. The zoning administrator first issues a statement of clarification finding that the use is not sufficiently similar to any other use specifically listed and regulated in the zoning code. Any person proposing such use may then file an application for the Planning Commission to determine if a use is or is not similar to other uses permitted in each district. The Planning Commission is a 21-member citizen board appointed by the Mayor with the consent of the City Council. Their 8-member
Zoning Committee
holds a public hearing and makes a recommendation to the full Planning Commission. All property owners within 350 feet of the subject property and the
Citizen Participation District Council
for the area are notified by mail at least 10 days prior to the public hearing.
The Zoning Committee holds public hearings every other Thursdays. The hearings start at 3:30 p.m. in City Council Chambers on the third floor of the City Hall/ Courthouse.
It is essential that the applicant or their representative attend the hearing.
At the public hearing, the Zoning Committee hears a staff report and recommendation, hears public testimony and makes a recommendation on the request. The Planning Commission receives the recommendation of their Zoning Committee at its next meeting, 8:30 a.m. on the Friday of the following week, when they approve or deny the application. This is a public meeting, but no public testimony can be heard.
Code Requirements
The Planning Commission must make the following findings in determining one use is similar to another.
That the use is similar in character to one or more of the principal uses permitted.
That the traffic generated on such use is similar to one or more of the principal uses permitted.
That the use is not first permitted in a less restrictive zoning district.
That the use is consistent with the comprehensive plan.
The Planning Commission may impose such reasonable conditions and limitations in granting an approval as are determined to be necessary to fulfill the spirit and purpose of the zoning code and to protect adjacent properties.
The Planning Commission may act as the Board of Zoning Appeals and grant
Zoning Variances
in accordance with the variance provisions in the zoning code for proposals that also require a Determination of Similar Use.
Application Requirements
You must submit an application that includes the following:
A completed
Determination of Similar Use Application Form
The required Fee
Please submit the above with:
Department of Planning and Economic Development
Zoning Section
1400 City Hall Annex
25 Fourth Street West
Saint Paul, MN 55102
(651) 266 - 6589
All items to be placed on an agenda must be submitted at least three weeks prior to the hearing date, according to the
Planning Commission Hearing Schedule
. The process for obtaining a Determination of Similar Use takes a minimum of four to six weeks.
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Stewart Demolishes Megyn Kelly And Fox For Freaking Out Over Santa's Race And The War on Christmas™
Source: Josh Feldman / Mediaite
Jon Stewart is really getting tired of Fox News still flogging this War on Christmas™ nonsense, and Thursday night, he said that "shit's getting real." He took on both Gretchen Carlson and Megyn KellyThursday night for freaking out about a Festivus poleand black Santa.
Stewart mocked Fox's "manger danger warnings" before getting to the "crazy" stuff Kelly said about why Santa is white, period. Stewart explained the historical person Santa is based on actually had a darker skin pigmentation. And on the follow-up point that Jesus was white, Stewart said, "You do know Jesus wasn't born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, right?"
To read this article in its entirety visit Mediaite.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Student Spotlight: Emily Witek
Emily Witek
Major: Teacher Preparation
Emily Witek readily admits to being a menace when she was in first grade. But it was the influence of her teacher that changed her attitude about education.
"I was not a fan of school or respecting authority, for that matter," she said. "I don't know how she did it, but my first grade teacher made me see how I could make the most of my days at school and how my attitude would affect my success. She really got me involved in helping her out with classroom tidiness, and I felt my presence was important. I went from rotten egg to teacher's pet but, more importantly, my teacher shaped the way I looked at education and influenced the amount of effort I put in.
"She also made me realize I wanted to do the same thing for a child. I now know I want to be an elementary school teacher and pave the way to success for kids who don't see their potential. I have so much going for me in my life, and some would think it's silly to attribute a lot of that to one of my first teachers, but I honestly believe I wouldn't be the person I am today without her influence in my life."
Witek is currently in the Teacher Preparation program at College of DuPage. She's paying for her own college, and being named a Presidential Scholar -- an impressive award that includes a full-tuition scholarship and enrollment in COD's Honors program and the Phi Theta Kappa Honors Society -- is helping her save for when she transfers. She is planning to earn her bachelor's degree in Elementary Education from the University of Illinois and then getting a job upon graduation.
She knows that this will be a life-long career and is excited about her time at College of DuPage, which is providing opportunities for educational and personal growth.
"Personally, I am learning how to be more and more independent through going to COD. Educationally, I am able to take classes that are actively engaging and challenging. They apply to my major and will transfer to U of I," she said. "It's great being at one of the best community colleges out there."
College of DuPage
425 Fawell Blvd., Glen Ellyn IL
60137 (630) 942-2800
2015 College of DuPage


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By Donna MilesAmerican Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, Dec. 21, 2005 Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to helping Afghanistan continue its road toward security and freedom during a joint news conference today with President Hamid Karzai in Kabul, Afghanistan.
Rumsfeld, who made a surprise visit to Afghanistan today after touring hurricane-devastated areas of Pakistan, told Karzai the United States will continue to stand by Afghanistan, even while making slight troop cuts there.
The visit came two days after the Defense Department announced plans to reduce number of troops serving in Afghanistan, currently at 19,000, by about 2,500 during the next year.
That announcement coincided with a major milestone for Afghanistan: the seating of its democratically elected National Assembly.
"I congratulate the Afghan people and government on this occasion," reporters quoted Rumsfeld as saying in Kabul.
The secretary said the United States and the free world hope Afghanistan will thrive as a peaceful and stable country and promised continued U.S. support to help it do so.
"We will be continuing as an active participant in NATO's role in Afghanistan, as well as our individual role with regard to counterterrorism efforts and training and equipping of Afghan security forces," Rumsfeld said during the news conference in Kabul.
The secretary noted that even after the drawdown, the United States will have more troops in Afghanistan than all over NATO countries, combined.
"We certainly remain committed to our long-term relationship (with Afghanistan)," reporters quoted the secretary as saying. "Together with your security forces and other coalition forces, we will continue to be focused on rooting out the Taliban and al Qaeda that still exist in causing difficulties."
Karzai expressed confidence in the Pentagon decision regarding troop numbers. "Afghanistan has total assurance of the United States that it will remain committed in helping in all spheres of life, including in the matter related to security," he said.
The Afghan president said the troop reductions won't affect the force focused on combating terrorism. "We are assured of the continued United States' support," he said, "so I don't think it will have an impact on the situation on the ground."
Counterterrorism operations remain the main focus of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, Air Force Maj. Todd Vician, a Pentagon spokesman, told the American Forces Press Service.
"Our strategic goals for Afghanistan remain unchanged: to help the Afghan government develop the capacity to defend itself from external aggression and to ensure that its territory is not used as a safe haven by international terrorists," he said.
Working together toward that goal, these forces have removed the Taliban from power, eliminated al Qaeda and terrorist safe havens, and laid the groundwork so the Afghan people could vote for a democratic government, Vician said.
At the same time, the United States is continuing to help the Afghans build a capable and self-sufficient security force, he said. To date, nearly 27,000 Afghan National Army soldiers and almost 55,000 Afghan police have undergone training.
These Afghan forces, as well as other political and economic initiatives under way in Afghanistan, are critical to the country's long-term stability, he said.
Earlier during his trip, while en route to Pakistan, Rumsfeld told reporters traveling with him he doubts that Osama bin Laden, if alive, is still in full command of al Qaeda, news reports said. The secretary said he finds it "interesting that we haven't heard from him in ... close to a year."
"I suspect that in any event, if he's alive and functioning, that he's probably spending a major fraction of his time trying to avoid being caught," reporters quoted Rumsfeld as saying.
"I have trouble believing that he's able to operate sufficiently to be in a position of major command over a worldwide al Qaeda operation, but I could be wrong. We just don't know."


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Upcoming health-related classes, programs and screenings
HUNTINGTON -- A number of health-conscious classes, programs and screenings are scheduled in the Tri-State this week. Some of the activities offered in the area include:
Breastfeeding Class, 6 to 8 p.m. Tuesday, Aug. 28, Cabell Huntington Hospital. Pre-registration required. Call 304-526-BABY (2229).
CAN-CERvive, 5 to 8 p.m. Tuesday, Aug. 28, at Rehabilitation Services Second Floor, Heart Institute at St. Mary's Medical Center. Call 304-526-1372.
Epilepsy Support Group, 5:30 p.m. Tuesday, Aug. 28, in Room G403 on the ground floor of the Marshall University Medical Center. The group is hosted by Cabell Huntington Hospital and the Epilepsy Foundation of Greater Cincinnati. Call 877-804-2241.
Cancer Support Group, 10 a.m. Wednesday, Aug. 29, at the Edwards Comprehensive Cancer Center ground floor. For people with any type of cancer and their loved ones.Call 304-526-2443.
Free Diabetes Screening, 4 p.m. Thursday, Aug. 30, St. Mary's Family Care Center -- Hurricane. The Joslin Diabetes Center education affiliate at St. Mary's will offer free A1C, cholesterol and blood pressure screenings, as well as a foot check and body mass index analysis. Light refreshments will be provided. Call 304-526-8363.
Mobile Mammograms by Our Lady of Bellefonte Hospital, 9 a.m .to 2 p.m. Tuesday, Sept. 4, at Rock Hill High School. By appointment only. Call 606-836-PINK (7465).


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Endangered albatross hatches at Midway Atoll
A short-tailed albatross chick hatched Wednesday at Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge on Eastern Island within the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, federal wildlife officials reported Thursday.
The short-tailed albatross is one of the most endangered seabird species in the world, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands office in Honolulu. The bird features a golden head and regal stature that is much larger than its cousin, the Laysan albatross that nests on Midway by the hundreds of thousands.
"A year ago last fall, the male returned and patiently waited but the female returned too late in the season and did not lay an egg," refuge biologist Pete Leary said in a prepared statement. "We were therefore thrilled when this past fall a remote camera technician sighted the female reuniting with the patiently waiting male that appeared the week before."
Both parents took on the brooding duties, as they have in the past, exchanging places approximately every two weeks, the service said. When away from the nest, the parent, which has an 8.5-foot wingspan, covers thousands of miles between Midway Atoll Refuge and nutrient-rich waters some 1,000 miles to the north to gather food to feed its chick and self.
Midway Atoll Refuge Manager Dan Clark said in the prepared statement that the service is excited, but guardedly optimistic the chick will survive to fledge. The short-tailed albatross will depend on both parents for its growth, however, Clark noted that floating plastic debris intermixed with albatross food sources in the ocean may be swallowed by adults and later fed to chicks, potentially compromising the bird's well-being.
"However, this couple has raised two short-tailed albatross chicks that have survived to the fledging stage so we know this chick has attentive and experienced parents. Along with the hazards of plastic and other human caused impacts they face the risk of death so each successful fledging is cause to celebrate."
The nest site is continuously monitored by refuge staff via a remote camera controlled on nearby Sand Island, the service said.
"For the first time we will be able to post online video clips of the parents caring for the chick," said Ann Bell, refuge visitor services manager.
This is only the third hatching in recorded history of a short-tailed albatross any place other than two small islands near Japan. Two of the chicks hatched at the refuge. The 27-year-old male and 11-year-old female first met six years ago near their current nest site, according to the service.
The pair raised their first chick in 2011, successfully fledging despite large storm waves in January and the March 2011 Japanese tsunami that washed the young bird from its nest site twice before it was able to fly, the service said.
Once the most abundant albatross species in the North Pacific, short-tailed albatross were hunted for feathers and by 1949 were thought to be extinct. A few birds were seen nesting on the Japanese island of Torishima in the early 1950s and protection soon followed, the service said. Thanks to international treaties and the work of Japanese researchers, the short-tailed albatross population is on the road to recovery with more than 2,200 existing on three Pacific islands.
To view a video clip of the chick, visit usfwspacific.tumblr.com/post/72881378762/at-last-the-first-video-of-a-brand-new-rare-and.


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Taskforce to tackle rising North Staffordshire suicide rates
Posted: December 31, 2012|
NEW NHS services are being looked at to try to cut suicide rates in North Staffordshire as increasing numbers of people are killing themselves.
Public health experts, senior police officers and social and psychiatric care leaders have set up a taskforce to tackle the deaths.
It will examine how mental health services can be improved to reach more people before they end their own lives.
A public awareness campaign is to be launched to try to support those who do not show typical signs of being at risk.
Related content
And frontline staff will be trained in how to spot the danger signs among patients.
The drive comes after almost 50 suicide verdicts were recorded at North Staffordshire's Coroner's Court this year.
That compares with 25 in 2011, 36 in 2010 and 21 in 2009.
The Staffordshire Suicide Prevention Strategy is being led by North Staffordshire's two clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) which have the cash to bring in new NHS services.
Early initiatives include:
Identifying people most at risk so they can be given immediate support;
Providing training in suicide awareness to all frontline health and social care staff.
Coroner Ian Smith has already held talks with North Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent CCGs to shares the findings and trends from his inquests.
He said: "I first gave an alert about the rising number of suicide hearings in the summer and sadly that trend has continued with no signs of abating.
"Middle-aged men seem to be by far the biggest group at risk. But I have had cases of men in their 20s with a partner, house, job and everything to live for committing suicide so the challenge is how to get help to them.
"Some of these figures are mirrored nationally and I have been in contact with the CCGs to see if more can be done by commissioning services."
The taskforce is to hold a workshop early in the New Year.
It will also take evidence from national and regional groups working on suicide awareness and prevention.
Most suicide cases this year have involved men aged between 40 and 60 who had lost their jobs or suffered marriage breakdowns in response to the current economic climate.
CCGs communications manager Tamsin Carr said: "We are aware that many people who attempt or commit suicide are not known to mental health services. They may not be aware of their mental distress and the availability of help and support.
"So it is crucial to raise public awareness of local services and the support that is available from the community and voluntary sector."
Anyone in need of help or advice can talk to the Staffordshire Mental Health Hotline on 0808 8002234, the Samaritans on 08457 909090 or the Dove Service on 01782 683155.


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I can't believe these assclowns will be coming into my beloved Bryant Denny Stadium and carrying on these shenanigans.
I can't believe these assclowns will be coming into my beloved Bryant Denny Stadium and carrying on these shenanigans.
demystifying the bonfire cult - an actual sociological study done at A&M with A&M the institution as the subject. the report isn't on the net I don't think, but excerpts here:
just amazing really and in the "truth is stranger than fiction" category.
Wow imagine that a 10 page thread about A&M.
Do you UT fans think tamu and her fans will be lost/bewildered without big brother to look up to?
aggy finally getting some of that national pub it's craved for so long.
http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/443469...lege_football/Most of us know at least someone who is hooked on drama. You probably live a rather routine life — work from 9 to 5, drive home, eat dinner with the family or friends, watch a little TV, maybe go for a bike ride on the weekend. Meanwhile, the guy at the next desk is feuding with his sister-in-law; embroiled in at least two lawsuits; lashing out at business rivals; stirring up Little League politics, and arguing with the local box store because it didn't give him a free extension cord for the power drill he just bought.
That type of individual just has to have drama in his life at all times. He or she feeds off it like an insatiable jungle carnivore feeds off a herd of zebra.
Texas A&M is the guy at the next desk.
I'm still waiting to learn what "Hullabaloo Cannek Cannek" means... .or as Shirley-Q-Liquor says: "Hullabaloo dinesh dinesh"
Aggy just never measured up.
Perpetual inferiority complex:
An embarrassment:
Poooooooor Aggy.
Last edited by washparkhorn; 09-01-2011 at 02:03 AM.
Most SEC fans have no idea about A&M's "customs", just think they are good ol' Texas boys... I wonder how long that lasts...
When in doubt, check with the Ol' Pirate:
Poking fun at the corps of cadets who attend A&M games in uniform, Leach once said, "How come they get to pretend they are soldiers? The thing is, they aren't in the military. I ought to have Mike's Pirate School. The freshmen, all they get is the bandana. When you're a senior, you get the sword and skull and crossbones. For homework, we'll work pirate maneuvers and stuff like that."
I miss Mike Leach!
Mean ol cheerleader boy! Pushing down a "soldier" with a sword like that! What will happen when they try that bull$#@! on one of those inbred coonasses at LSU?
Dear Sweet Lord,
Please let this happen at LSU/Auburn/Alabama! Kman will be a good boy for a whole year, I promise!!! Also, please let it be on my DVR!!
I'll tell you about aggy. Last night I'm in the car running an errand at 5:45. Flipping through the channels, I come across 1370 AM, broadcasting the aggy-SMU pregame show, and I hear a commercial extolling the virtues of something called the Learfield Sports Directors Cup, "the most prestigious award in college athletics", and congratulating aggy on finishing 8th last year.
There's one for D3 also:
http://www.mitathletics.com/genrel/2010-11/NACDACup2011MIT Finishes 11th in Learfield Sports Directors' Cup Rankings
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – For the second year in a row MIT placed 11th among all Division III schools in the National Association of College Directors of Athletics (NACDA) annual Learfield Sports Directors' Cup. The Engineers' Institute-best finish once again registered as the highest performance by the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC).
The Learfield Sports Directors' Cup honors institutions maintaining a broad-based program, achieving success in many sports, both men's and women's, at NCAA Championship events. At the Division III level, the following sports are factored into the calculation of the rankings: baseball, basketball, cross country, fencing, field hockey, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, women's rowing, skiing, soccer, softball, swimming and diving, tennis, indoor and outdoor track and field, women's volleyball, women's water polo, and wrestling.
Below is a breakdown of how MIT's qualifying teams performed in their respective NCAA Championship events.
Our buddy Palooza went over to Tigerdroppings to try to show how awesome aggy is. Hilarity ensues.
$#@!in hell....
I like lsu today.palooza: We are first in Texas TEXAS AGGIES.
LSU: First in what?
palooka: Literally first in the state. First public institution. Texas is not about goth kids wearing tight pants, like that other school in Austin.
LSU: Oh so you hold onto that as if it has some meaning in the larger scheme of your need for validation in the world of the Texas longhorns? Is this what we should expect from your arrival in the SEC?
.....then it was pile on time.....
LSU: Your little video has nothing but black and white footage and bronze statues of yesteryear bi-curious who likely painted their balls with shoe dressing too. And the deep voiced hayseed doesn't add validity or impact. It adds a mental image of Sam Elliott and Dirty Dancing dude providing lame one-liners in an old rundown piece of $#@!e like the Chicken....Their existence is defined by the University of Texas...There's a Spirit alright, and they're all ghosts of 1939 being whispered to by a now plump Jennifer Love-Hewitt. Now, grab your little fat girlfriend and run along until we tell you it's time to hand her over for the SEC initiation facial. Eyes wide open.....
Oh, we get it. You're a self-promoting prick of a school who hides behind "tradition" when you have nothing else to hang your collective uncover hats on. And no matter how hard you try, you're not going to succeed in finding your Baylor over here, Kiddo. You're OUR Baylor now....etc
Last edited by The Smoking_Man; 09-05-2011 at 11:23 PM.
Wow just wow...that's awesome.
Thanks for the link...I'm going to go laugh some more now.
Dumb Aggie.
You can't make this $#@! up.Originally Posted by agswin2001
wow, they are fitting in just great over there....attention whores
Y'all have no idea what is in store for you. Male cheerleaders, jizz jars, constant references to Texas University and Varsity. You may ask us to take them back in a year or so.
Dating back to SWC days, for a 100 years, Aggie has been without a home with a true rival. For a long time, each school had a primary rival where EACH school agreed:
Baylor / TCU
Rice / SMU
Now, people oftentimes have "secondary rivals". Baylor did as well. The problem is that A&M's primary rival didn't match up, Tech / Aggy. Tech loathes A&M, but A&M thinks themselves "better" than Tech, and looked up chain to UT. The problem was even worse for A&M, as UT considered Arkansas their natural "conference" rival for well over 60 years.
For Longhorn fans, for almost 100 years A&M was the third rival . . . behind OU and Arkansas. Yet A&M continually claimed they were #1. The myth that aggy is UT main rival is a myth put forth by the Ags and media members trying to hype the T-Day game.
They aren't.
From texags:
http://texags.com/main/forum.reply.a...724&forum_id=5So.....if you have any employees who attended or graduated from Baylor---
Call them all in to your office
And fire them. No severance. No vacation. No anything.
Get security to monitor their packing and then escort them off of the premises.
A substantial increase in unemployed Baylor sodomites might provide them a clue.
Baylor doesn't run the state of Texas. In the big scheme of things, they are about as important as Angelo State or Stephen F. Austin.
One need not explain why Baylorites and only Baylorites are fired. That's the beauty of being an at-will state.
Lol, being an "at-will" state does not save you from wrongful termination lawsuits. Also, unless you literally have nobody above you in the chain of command that is not an aggy, you will quickly get fired for firing good employees just because they are Baylor grads.
Railway Labor Act/RLA is alive & well in Texas....only applies to railroad & airline employees, & it's federal - but I'm just saying that there's legal exceptions. & wouldn't you think that a civil suit would be in order for an employer that terminates an employee because of his class ring? You'e the pro for sure, & I'll always defer to the folks with a JD on the wall; just seems retarded to think there's no recoverable damages in that scenario.
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Hungry Tourist
Join me on my delicious travels around the world as I explore the strong connection between cuisine and culture – which are so tightly interwoven and define a society. So much of our lives, regardless of our nationality or roots, revolve around food.
Posts filtered on Category
Tea Time at the Empress Hotel
Just like the Passover meal, there is an order to this delectable ritual. "We always start with fresh berries," explained Yosief. Plump juicy strawberries were piled high in a champagne glass topped with a generous dollop of Chantilly cream. Next came the 3-tier silver platter filled with edible eye candy; curried chicken salad and mango finger sandwiches, raisin scones with clotted cream and strawberry jam, salmon and cream cheese pinwheels, tea shortbread, and assorted pastries and sweets. Yosief explained that it is customary to begin this mini-feast on the bottom tier with the finger sandwiches and work your way up to the top level with the bite size pastries and chocolate treats. [Read More]
Homestyle cooking down in the Delta
There's nothing like soul food to comfort the tummy and soothe the soul. And Granny Dee knows how to do it just right. For good home cooking there's only one place to go – and that's Granny Dee's Homestyle Cooking on Cherry Street. In this 1930s style cafe, the ladies make everything from scratch – the old fashioned way, with lots of butter, sugar, salt and cream, not to mention bacon for extra flavor. [Read More]
Seminoles & Swamp Cabbage
"Watch out for the rattlers, and don't step in a cow patty!" Lewis Gopher, a full-blood Seminole shouted, – warning me to watch my every step, be cautious and pay attention where I was walking – this was dangerous territory. We were in the Everglades, surrounded by clusters of saw palmetto hammocks on the Brighton Seminole Reservation near Lake Okeechobee. We packed Lewis's pickup truck with the tools needed for this job – machete, ax and a chain saw. This wasn't wimp's work. [Read More]
Sipping tea in Singapore at Raffles
Singapore has preserved one of its most beloved traditions – Afternoon Tea. For a true taste of colonial times, high tea is a must at the legendary Raffles Hotel, the iconic British colonial landmark.
A turbaned doorman looking more like a maharaja greeted me as I entered Raffles' stunning lobby furnished with fine antiques, rich wooden accents, and gleaming brass chandeliers that transporting me to a bygone era. I strolled through the fragrant – filled grounds with lush tropical gardens sprinkled with fountains, gazebos, verandahs, and breezy arcades[Read More]
Cambodia's "Central Market"
Now, don't be confused, we're not talking about the same HEB Central Market that we know and love in Alamo Heights –this is Sihanoukville, Cambodia's central market, a huge one-stop-shop. In addition to exotic fresh fruits and veggies, many I didn't recognize – just about everything imaginable is for sale here. There's even a beauty shop on the premises with ladies waiting in line to get their hair cut or permed. [Read More]
Fish Heads, Anyone?
Somehow seeing hundreds of stinky fish heads with their golden yellow beady eyes staring at me wasn't an appetizing site. But it is an inexpensive and readily available source of protein and used often as an ingredient for fish soups and stews in coastal Cambodia. [Read More]
Bangkok Breakfast
I must admit it seemed a bit odd eating stir fry tofu for breakfast – almost out of context, but you know, "when in Rome…" So bring on the dim sum, dumplings and the congee (Chinese bland mushy rice porridge). However, even though I'm an adventurous eater, I did pass on some of the weird stuff like the jellyfish. [Read More]
What's cooking in Bangkok?
Bangkok is world renowned for its fine cooking schools – some more formal and structured than others. I opted for an intimate authentic Thai cooking class. Tam Piyawadi Jantrupon's Amita Thai Cooking School is located on the lush grounds of her family's traditional Thai compound situated on the bank of a narrow canal in a residential neighborhood. The only way to get there was by a traditional Thai boat. [Read More]
Moose Cooking 101 in Fairbanks
"I've got a moose head and stuck it in the freezer. It's waiting for you, Michelle," said Dixie Alexander, who just finished removing the meat from the head of a 1,200-pound moose that her brother killed. "I skinned it and took all the meat off the bone and it's ready to cook as soon as you come back. We'll cook it together. I even saved you the tongue; you know that's the best part."
Dixie's got a moose head in the freezer just waiting for me. How can I refuse an invitation like that? [Read More]
Dixie's got a moose head in the freezer just waiting for me. How can I refuse an invitation like that? [Read More]
Show More


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July 30, 2004
RSU Center Provides Business Connections To Spark Economic Growth
In today's business world, the term "networking" brings to mind the complex systems that keep connected computer systems up and running. However, it was the old-fashioned kind of networking – the face-to-face communication variety – that was responsible for turning a product idea into reality and, in the process, creating economic growth for Oklahoma.
When Oklahoma City businessman John Gossett purchased the rights to produce and market SafeLoad ramps – a pickup truck ramp designed to assist in loading ATVs, golf carts and other equipment – he was insistent that his product would be made in Oklahoma. The desire to manufacture their ramps in Oklahoma was a practical one: not only would having a local manufacturer provide jobs for the state's economy, but it would also shave several months from the time needed to bring the project to market.
The problem? Gossett couldn't find an Oklahoma shop that could take on the project. He began working with the Oklahoma Department of Commerce's international division to find a manufacturer in Mexico to produce the ramp when the "old-fashioned" networking began to intervene here in Oklahoma.
Dr. Ray Brown, vice president for the Center for Economic and Community Development at Rogers State University, had heard about SafeLoad's need for a local manufacturer via his connections with the Oklahoma Department of Commerce. Brown and Bill Shortridge, an Oklahoma Alliance for Manufacturing Excellence manufacturing extension agent who is sponsored in Rogers County by RSU, immediately thought of a Catoosa company that might be able to handle SafeLoad's needs.
The two men then met with Roger Cordray, operations manager at Control Components Limited (CCL), who said his company would take on the project. CCL provides job shop subcontracting work for companies needing machining, stamping and fabrication. Brown and Shortridge then arranged for a meeting between SafeLoad and CCL to initiate discussions between the two companies.
After that meeting, CCL engineers worked extensively with Gossett's company for about a year refining the ramp's design so that it would be less expensive to manufacture and ship, while still retaining the structural integrity that allows the 50-pound ramp to hold more than 1,500 pounds.
Constructed of lightweight aluminum, the SafeLoad ramp is installed in place of an existing tailgate on a Chevrolet, Ford or Dodge full-sized pickup without modifications to the truck. When fully extended, the ramp is about 84 inches long and creates a ramp that allows convenient loading of equipment into the truck bed. The ramp can then be converted into a lockable, flow-through tailgate.
The feedback from the ATV industry regarding SafeLoad ramp has been overwhelmingly positive. A product review from ATV Illustrated described the ramp system as "a poster boy for what American-manufactured products should be" and called the product the "safest and most convenient ATV loading ramps we've ever used."
Gossett said CCL's contributions improved the product's design, lowered production costs and slashed shipping costs.
"We couldn't be at the point where we are today without the hard work that Roger and CCL put into this product," Gossett said.
To meet SafeLoad's demands, CCL added three employees dedicated to production, order processing and shipping of their product line. The company can produce about 20 ramps a day per shift, and SafeLoad has ordered more than $700,000 of the ramps during the next two years. Cordray said he expects SafeLoad to be his fifth largest customer by the end of 2005.
Brown said he was thrilled to be able to assist in the link between CCL and SafeLoad because a central purpose of RSU's Center for Economic and Community Development is to facilitate connections within the business community.
"This was a natural extension of our mission at the Center," Brown said. "While we are geared to provide resources to area entrepreneurs and businesses directly, we can also provide indirect benefits through our network of contacts."
Business and community networking has been important to driving business growth for CCL, Cordray said.
"Without a doubt, businesses wanting to expand should take full advantage of the connections through available through programs such as the Center for Economic and Community Development," he said.
For more information on the SafeLoad ramp, visit their web site at www.safeloadramps.com or call toll-free 877-600-7267. For more information about CCL, call (918) 317-4116. For more information about the RSU Center for Economic and Community Development, call (918) 343-7533.


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Why, where and how to join the BTS – Your most common questions answered.
Q: How do I join? How much does it cost?
A: Joining the BTS costs £21.10 including all paypal fees and UK Postage. European and International memberships are higher due to postage costs.
You can join The BTS online at http://www.thebts.co.uk/bts-e-store/bts-memberships
It is also possible to pay by post, and details of the membership form are present at http://www.thebts.co.uk/membership-form/
The BTS attend several events throughout the year including the BTS Exhibition in May, the BTS Lectures in February, the South East Arachnid Show in January and the AES Annual Exhibition in October. New memberships and membership renewals are welcome at these events by visiting the BTS table.
Q: Why join? What benefits do I get?
A: BTS now operates a set membership year that runs from the 1st of June until the 31st of May on an annual basis. This equates to three journals, plus a membership pack and entitles BTS members to help and advice from the BTS Committee, full access to our forums and more:
BTS Members receive three journals per year (Volume issues 2 and 3 in the initial calendar year, and the first issue of the subsequent volume in the following year.) These full colour journals are peer-reviewed and feature a mixture of scientific papers and more light-hearted articles from various authors and enthusiasts within the global tarantula community.
The BTS Journal is widely considered one of the best publications on theraphosid (tarantula) keeping and study in the world. Upon confirmation of current and valid membership, members are also entitled to:
- Discounted entrance fees to the BTS Exhibition and the BTS Lectures
- Members are encouraged to attend the BTS Annual General Meeting and contribute your thoughts and ideas in a welcome environment
- Discounts are available from selected retailers to the invertebrate community. Details of these are published in our journal.
BTS Members have access to a 'members only' area of the BTS website. Currently, the username and password for this are published within the journal and change three times per year. In the members only area, a number of back issues and enhanced articles are available.
Members are encouraged to join the BTS Forum, which is used by experts, tarantula enthusiasts, veteran keepers, breeders and amateurs new to the hobby. Friendly help is always available on the forum.
The BTS Committee are at hand to help with any questions current BTS members have regarding the hobby as well as tips for tarantula keeping (husbandry) and breeding. Contact details can be found within the journal.
Q: I want to join the BTS but it is in the middle of the BTS "Year" (e.g. December.) What will happen?
A: We aim to produce a journal in July (Volume Issue 2), November (Volume Issue 3) and March (Volume Issue 1) of every year. New members will receive the outstanding journals from the BTS membership year along with a membership pack. Once the final journal of the BTS year (first issue of the new volume) is printed, new members may request to be enrolled on the 'next' BTS membership year during order checkout (in the customer notes section of the shopping cart). If in doubt please contact the membership office.
Q: I want to join the BTS. What are the options?
A: Online: The quickest way to join the BTS is online at the BTS E-store. While we use PayPal as a checkout method, you do not require a PayPal account and can pay directly using a credit/debit card. This method is secure. To join in this way you will need to register on the BTS Forum., we need this information on file to send you your journal and keep you updated with any BTS news.
Postal: You can download our from here Please post the completed form with payment to the address on the form. For your security, we recommend postal payment by Cheque or Postal Order ( Cheques and Postal Orders payable to The British Tarantula Society.)
Q: I'm confused I have not been a member for a year but have received a Renewal Form. Why?
A: That's OK. When you join the BTS you receive three 48 page journals throughout your membership. (We have changed this from four, 36 page journals in an effort to save postage costs and again provide you with a better service) . If you join just before a new journal is due you may receive two in a short period of time. We try to send out a journal as soon as you join. The BTS is moving to e-mail reminders for renewals, so it i important you provide us with your current e-mail address when joining.
Q: I was expecting a journal in May. It didn't arrive until August. What happened?
A: The journal has to be put together by the Editor and like all Committee members he produces it on a voluntary basis. Sometimes he runs a little late. Don't worry you will receive all of your journals throughout your membership.
Q: I joined by PayPal last week but have heard nothing. Have I been forgotten?
A: Don't worry we haven't forgotten you. The Membership Administration team also work full time and process applications when we can. Like the Editor we are volunteers and run the BTS as a hobby. We try to process all applications within 28 days depending on our other commitments. If you have joined and are concerned then feel free to drop us an e-mail. We try to answer all e-mails at the weekend. Please be patient as we sometimes have holidays. Also when you join using the new updated BTS store you will receive a link to download the latest issue of the BTS journal, in this journal you will find the codes to the members area where back issues and enhanced articles are available for download.
Q: What are the future plans for the BTS?
A: We are constantly striving to improve the society. We meet regularly to discuss ideas and decide what we can do to make you the best tarantula society in the world. If you have any ideas then we are always pleased to receive e-mails from you.
Kindest regards. BTS Committee
(Last updated, 31st December 2013)
BTS Membership 36 Tennyson Avenue, Biggleswade, Bedfordshire SG18 8QD, United Kingdom
Please e-mail us with any membership queries.


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This team is for people who want to keep alcohol in their diets but still lose weight and get in shape.
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About to hit the big 30. I live in NY, work full time, taking some classes at night. very outgoing. I need to make changes- I am working very hard at it.
28, married, 1 infant, just now getting serious about loosing weight
I'm 37. I work event planning and my social life is killing my diet. I was working out religiously but between, school, work and my busy social life I have been not to the gym. My trainer told me yesterday I am bulking up, but not the good bulking up. That inspired me to get my crap together.
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Blood & Rage, by Michael Burleigh
All Terrorists Are Not the Same
Blood & Rage: A Cultural History of Terrorism
By Michael Burleigh
Harper, 577 pages, $29.99
The task of creating an all-purpose profile of a typical terrorist has proved elusive for the Western law-enforcement and intelligence agencies that have tried to simplify the job of uncovering those most inclined to such activity. The same is true for historians who have sought to provide a comprehensive explanation for the various terrorist movements that have left their imprint on the global landscape during the past 150 years.
However, this daunting challenge has not deterred the British writer Michael Burleigh from attempting to place the vast roster of terrorist movements during this period in a coherent historical context. Burleigh tells us in the preface to his Blood and Rage: A Cultural History of Terrorism that he is more concerned with providing a cultural history than with the theories and ideologies that justify or interpret terrorism. He focuses on the lives and actions of terrorists, on terrorism as a career and a way of life, and on the cultural milieu of terrorists and their organizations.
Identifying a unifying theme in a book so wide-ranging is no easy task, as Blood and Rage touches on everyone from the Irish Fenians, to Russian -Nihilists, to assorted anarchist terrorists, to the Irgun Zvai Leumi of pre-state Israel, to the ANC, to the Palestinian Black September, to the Red Brigades of Italy, the Baader-Meinhof gang of West Germany, the Basque ETA, and finally a 140-page chapter (a book in itself) on the rise of Islamic terrorism in our time. It is tempting to say the book doesn't add up to more than the sum of its parts, but each part is so well written and informative that this lack of an overarching synthesis ought to be overlooked.
Undeterred by the diversity of the cast of characters that he has assembled, Burleigh does take a stab at suggesting a few features common to all terrorists:
The unexpressed goal of bringing about transformative chaos becomes the element in which terrorists are most at home. Destruction and self-destruction briefly compensate for some perceived slight or more abstract grievances that cause their hysterical rage. As endless studies of terrorist grievances reveal they are morally insane, without being clinically psychotic. If that affliction unites most terrorists then their victims usually have one thing in common, regardless of their social class, politics or religious faith. That is a desire to live unexceptionable lives settled amid their family and friends, without some resentful radical loser—who can be a millionaire loser harboring delusions of victimhood—wishing to destroy and maim them so as to realize a world that almost nobody wants.
This attempt to describe what might unify the various terrorist organizations raises more questions than Burleigh has answers. Is the goal of all terrorists to bring about "transformative chaos" as an end in and of itself? If not that, do all terrorists view their activity as some penultimate stage toward the establishment of a renewed political order? In many cases, can it not be more simply understood as a form of guerrilla warfare or as an insurgency occurring by morally questionable means? What, for instance, does anarchist terrorism, a phenomenon based on a philosophy that "regards the state as nothing more that the organization of violence on behalf of vested interests," have in common with a movement that understands the state in theocratic terms? And just what does it mean to suggest that all terrorists are "morally insane"?
Perhaps Burleigh is suggesting that any political order ushered in principally through terrorist means is likely to be as oppressive as the regime it has replaced. That is an entirely plausible hypothesis. At the conclusion of his chapter on Russian revolutionaries and anarchists, he regrets that tsarist Russia's reaction to terrorists and revolutionaries did little "to foster a liberal camp that might have combined an insistence on legality with an unambiguous condemnation of terrorism." As for the terrorists themselves, he tells us that "many of them slipped effortlessly into the apparatus of state terror that Lenin and his Bolshevik comrades established in Russia, beginning with the Cheka and from 1922 onwards the dread GPU."
The example here of Josef Stalin, whose bloody career began with politically motivated extortion and robbery before ultimately moving on to state-ordered mass murder, is highly informative. Moving forward several decades, given the antiliberal theories that justified their violence, in the unlikely event that the Red Brigades or the Baader-Meinhof gang had prevailed in Italy or Germany, a nasty bloodbath would surely have followed. But is this a model to be expected of all terrorists of every stripe once they assume the reins of power?
Burleigh, of course, will have none of the notion that today's terrorist is tomorrow's statesman, or that one man's terrorist is another's freedom fighter. "If you imagine that Osama bin Laden is going to evolve into Nelson Mandela," he says on the opening page, "you need a psychiatrist rather than an historian." As Burleigh's comment suggests, there may well be cultural features that radically distinguish Mandela's African National Congress, which sought to overthrow South Africa's apartheid regime, from other terrorist organizations with less defensible political goals. There are other examples of "reluctant terrorism"—such as the behavior of the Irish Republican Army before the departure of the British from southern Ireland in 1922 and Jewish terrorism directed against the British in Palestine. These -cases, as well as those of assorted anarchist movements, all had methods and beliefs that differ in fundamental respects from today's Islamists. Does the word terrorist as a general description somehow lose its meaning when it is used to describe these disparate phenomena?
Burleigh is not unaware of the problem this last question raises. In his long "Afterthoughts" chapter, he offers a word of caution to those Europeans who think their experience with different terrorist groups is easily transferable to the contemporary fight against Islamist terrorism. Burleigh is scornful of naive politicians and diplomats who think that because they know something about fighting the ETA or the Red Brigades, they have any idea of how to deal with Islamists. Burleigh finds a certain "post-imperial hubris lurking behind attempts to export conflict-resolution studies" to contemporary Islamist terrorism, as when, for instance, Tony Blair's former chief of staff Jonathan Powell suggested that we should negotiate with al-Qaeda on the same basis of his past dealings with the IRA's Gerry Adams.
Military historians are well aware of the perennial problem of planning for and fighting the last war. The problem of learning the wrong lessons from even successful counterterrorist efforts is not limited to politicians and diplomats. Indeed, Burleigh offers the following anecdote to show how you cannot go about fighting Islamist terrorism the same way you might have fought the Provisional IRA:
I am reminded of a story related to me by a senior Mossad officer who had many dealings with the Irish Special Branch in the shape of a giant rugby player with big ears and a collapsed nose. The Mossad man was told that the Irish police already knew about terrorism. He pointed out that the first concern for a Provo terrorist planning an operation was how to get away, a minor concern for jihadis who are seeking martyrdom and paradise. After due reflection on such suicide tactics, the Irish detective conceded: S—, you know what, we'll keep the Provos and you can have Hamas and Hizbollah.
So just what does unify the diverse histories of these terrorists' organizations and personalities? At the end of the day, not much, which is not to say that a series of cultural studies is not valuable. Burleigh successfully shows that the cultural milieu of the terrorist is "invariably morally squalid, when it is not merely criminal." He confesses in his preface that his goal here is to disabuse those who "harbour a sneaking admiration for those who wish to change the world through violence." Indeed, Burleigh impresses upon us the extent to which criminals and thugs, some of whom revel in violence simply because they like fighting, tend to find common cause with the true believers.
If criminal support is one common feature, the support of feckless intellectuals is the other. Blood and Rage is not an intellectual history, and Burleigh spends little time engaging the various theories of terrorism, but each chapter is full of well-deserved contempt for intellectuals who either give warrant for terror or excuse it.
Burleigh describes the 19th-century Russian intelligentsia as "a sub-set of the educated classes, encompassing those who talked about books they had never read, distinguished both by a disavowal of class or occupation, such as bureaucrat or soldier, and by their conformist subscription to such supposedly progressive ideals as atheism, socialism and revolution." The Russian intelligentsia embraced an essentially secularized Christian vision—"a redemptive Populist crusade . . . in which redemptive virtue was ascribed to the lowest of the low, and paradise would dawn after their consciousness had been raised to revolutionary levels."
Burleigh summarizes the dual motives among many who resort to -violence in so-called "wars of national liberation"—which aim to "magnetize public opinion" as well as to usher in a transformed personality:
Methods of fighting which had been peripheral to the vast industrialized clashes of the Second World War become commonplace in the wars of decolonization that succeeded it. Guerilla movements became the norm, with many resorting to terrorism partly to magnetize public opinion, but also because clever men like the psychiatrist-revolutionary Frantz Fanon (or his modish spokesperson Sartre) told them that violence was both bonding and liberating—a new man would emerge upright from the deformed personality created by colonialism. They had less to say about how violence could develop its own psychopathetic momentum, a habit that was impossible to shake off, or how in some left-wing circles it would be invested with a spurious glamour.
Nowhere is Burleigh's contempt for the intelligentsia more evident that in the chapter entitled "Guilty White Kids: The Red Brigades and the Red Army Faction." Burleigh speaks of jaded Italian academics who "discovered an antidote for the accidie and boredom through lai-cized left-wing messianisms and the espousal of violence for other people, an especially despicable trait among left-wing intellectuals." We are introduced to the likes of Antonio Negri, an intellectual celebrity who, along with his admirers, argued that there was little difference between liberal democracy and authoritarian and fascist states:
In order to legitimize [political violence] Negri spouted a lot of claptrap, worthy of his French friends Louis Althusser, Jacques Derrida and Michael Foucault, about the structural or systemic violence inherent in capitalism, while warning such people as judges, executives, managers and policemen that they performed their duties at their own risk.
Terrorists will no doubt always find useful idiots among the intelligentsia. But even in this regard, we might wonder about the strength of historical analogies. Burleigh is correct to point out that "throughout Europe there are left-liberals (and a few pro-Arab 'Camel Corps' right wingers) whose hatred of the United States, and Israel, is so pathologically ingrained that they have become apologists for the most reactionary elements within Islam." Such knee-jerk anti-Americanism and the grip of multiculturalism have much to do with Europe's lack of self-confidence in confronting the rise of radical Islam. But however regrettable, even this is not akin to the overt sympathy New Left intellectuals had for the Red Brigades or the Red Army Faction; Burleigh acknowledges "no significant section of Western elite opinion is sympathetic to contemporary Islamist terrorism, as many were to Marxist-Leninism in the 1930s."
But this is to quibble. Blood and Rage is an indispensable one-stop-shop study of modern terrorist movements. Policymakers and those working in the area of counterterrorism will find here a -historical-reality check for their policies and tactics: don't let your prisons be turned into community colleges where terrorists learn their tradecraft; watch the universities lest they become breeding grounds for radicals and terrorists; interdict the financing of terror through various criminal enterprises and exploit the fault lines between the true believers and the thugs; understand the extent to which terrorists see themselves as a vanguard in front of popular support, and therefore make their defeat inevitable or at least inevitable-seeming to the broader population.
For these reasons, Blood and Rage would be put to good use as a core text for military and intelligence officers studying the challenges of the 21st century. For obvious reasons, it will likely be less well received in academia. But that is more of an indictment of the academy than it is of Burleigh or his fine cultural history of terrorism.


text:
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my dream is to entertain people to wide spectrum.I always wanted to make other laugh and i will work hard untill that day. it's along road ahead but im willing to walk it
Recent Game Medals
To Safety 25 Points Grab Tankman's hand and helicopter away to safety. Medal Stats.
Brain-muffin 25 Points Defeat Hansel's brain. Medal Stats.
Nine-tacle 10 Points Defeat Hansel's tentacled form Medal Stats.
UFOh Noes! 10 Points Defeat Hansel's U.F.O. form. Medal Stats.
Gretel 5 Points Defeat Hansel's first form (both arms) Medal Stats.
300 10 Points Get 300 Points Medal Stats.
500 10 Points Get 500 Points Medal Stats.
1000 25 Points Get 1000 Points Medal Stats.
People Pancakes 5 Points Lure two or more opponents into the trash compactor during any battle in the Scrapyard. Medal Stats.
Master 50 Points Launch 25 miles (132,000ft) Medal Stats.
Total Medals Earned: 42 (From 6 different games.)
Favorite Art
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GTA 5 Has Multiplayer Rated 4.3030 Stars Put the money in the bag! Comedy - Parody Little Cakey (Nom Nom Nom Rated 3.6695 Stars Watch him eat. He just loves a cakey party. Music Video A Moment of Adventure Rated 3.8817 Stars "I'm going on an adventure!"- Pimpo Swaggins Comedy - Parody Link is a dick! Rated 3.4168 Stars Link is a dick! A parody of Zelda! Comedy - Parody
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Toss the Turtle Rated 4.4334 Stars Use cannons, bombs, and jetpacks to get as far as possible! Skill - Toss Pan Man Rated 4.0118 Stars Flip pancakes as the world's tightest cakes flipper! Skill - Other Let's Go Jaywalking Rated 4.0474 Stars Come on, Let's go jaywalking! Get as many people across the street as possible Skill - Avoid


text:
Concert series event postponed
Jan. 23, 2013 @ 11:38 PM
The Henderson Community Concert Association's concert with Ann Fontanella originally scheduled for Friday at the Vance-Granville Community College civic center has been postponed. It will now take place Feb. 10, at 3 p.m.
The change in schedule has been made because of the potential for inclement weather, according to concert organizers. A separate performance for students has also been postponed and a new date and time will be announced.


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I like this new and improved redesign of Lucifene. She's pretty cool. So...will she have a "human" form to use to trick people?
AND I FINALLY got around to sketching your trade! You don't mind if I do a bust shot do you?
Right, right. Satan probably has an Arabic look to him. Curly dark hair and dark skin and all that mess.
Lucifine has a brother? What color will her eyes be? Yellow or Off White?
I'm glad that you're very happy, Jazzie. Sorry, it has been taking me so long trying to get to it, but I've been in an artistic funk for the last couple of months. Good news is that I'm slowly getting my creative juices back.
(No Tempest,you can't have her...)


text:
An X-ray imaging system is provided which includes an X-ray tube including, a cathode for emitting electrons; and a dynamic anode. The dynamic anode receives the electrons from the cathode and generates an X-ray beam that is non-stationary. The dynamic anode rotates between a first position where the X-ray beam is directed at a first location on an object and a second position where the X-ray beam is directed at a second location on the object to generate the non-stationary beam.
1. An X-ray imaging system, comprising:
an X-ray tube including:
a cathode for emitting electrons; and
an anode configured to receive the electrons from the cathode and to generate an X-ray beam;
wherein the anode is rotatable about an axis such that rotation of the anode about the axis induces a sweeping movement of the X-ray beam across an object under examination; and
further wherein the anode is configured to oscillate continuously about the axis between endpoints of oscillation to generate an X-ray fan area.
2. The system of
3. The system of
4. The system of
5. The system of
6. The system of
7. The system of
8. A method for backscatter X-ray imaging, comprising:
in an X-ray tube, emitting electrons from a cathode;
receiving the electrons from the cathode at an anode and generating an X-ray beam emanating from the anode;
rotating the anode about an axis between a first position where the X-ray beam is directed at a first location on an object under examination and a second position where the X-ray beam is directed at a second location on the object, thereby inducing a sweeping movement of the X-ray beam across the object;
oscillating the anode continuously about the axis between endpoints of oscillation to generate an X-ray fan area;
backscattering X-rays in the X-ray beam from the object;
detecting the backscattered X-rays; and
generating an image of the object from the detected backscattered X-rays.
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
This application claims the benefit and priority to provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/746,481, filed on May 4, 2006, and to application, Ser. No. 11/352,118, filed on Feb. 10, 2006, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to X-ray imaging, and more particularly, an X-ray imaging system having a non-stationary anode for improved field of view imaging.
Vacuum tubes including rotating anodes bombarded by energetic electrons are well developed and extensively used, particularly as X-ray tubes where the anode includes a rotating X-ray emitting track bombarded by electrons from a cathode. The anode is rotated so at any instant only a small portion thereof is bombarded by the electrons. Thus, since the energetic electrons are distributed over a relatively large surface area.
However, heretofore using a rotating anode was done merely to keep the anode from becoming too hot. In addition, in the conventional X-ray system, where the X-ray tube may be powered on for long periods of time, the anode may also need to be cooled using a running liquid that removes heat from the anode.
In any event, the rotating anode of a typical X-ray system provides merely a stationary beam; that is to say the X-ray beam is always pointed at one particular location on the target. The use of a rotating anode within the X-ray tube has not, heretofore, been used to expand the imaging field of view, while maintaining low power requirements.
What is needed is an X-ray imaging system that has an expanded imaging field of view, while simultaneously requiring less power.
An improved system and associated method are provided for increasing the field of view of an X-ray imaging system, while maintaining low power requirements. The disclosure provides for increasing the field of view in an X-ray imaging system by using an X-ray tube having a dynamic anode, which provides a non-stationary X-ray beam. The dynamic anodes of the present disclosure, which provides a non-stationary X-ray beam, allows for a more uniform and wider inspection area or field of view (compared to systems using anodes, which provide stationary X-ray beams).
In one aspect, an X-ray imaging system is provided. The system includes an X-ray tube including, a cathode for emitting electrons; and a dynamic anode. The dynamic anode receives the electrons from the cathode and generates an X-ray beam that is non-stationary. The dynamic anode rotates between a first position where the X-ray beam is directed at a first location on an object and a second position where the X-ray beam is directed at a second location on the object to generate the non-stationary beam.
In another aspect, a method is provided for imaging. The method includes providing an X-ray tube having a moveable anode; and moving the moveable anode between a first position where the moveable anode directs an X-ray beam at a first location on an object to a second position where the moveable anode directs an X-ray beam at a second location on the object.
Advantageously, electron bombardment and X-ray generation distributed using dynamic anodes creates less heat, which in turn requires less cooling than a typical X-ray imaging system. By requiring less cooling and a smaller cooling system, the size of the X-ray tube may be reduced allowing for a smaller, portable X-ray imaging system. Furthermore, dynamic anodes may operate at approximately 1/10 the wattage of a conventional X-ray imaging system; this also improves the life of the dynamic anode.
Furthermore, using a dynamic anode may reduce the size of the X-ray tube which may result in a less hazardous X-ray tube that is more environmentally friendly as less radiation is emitted and less of the X-ray beam is lost when compared to a typical X-ray tube with a stationary anode. Smaller X-ray tubes require less shielding so that the resulting X-ray imaging system may be lighter, smaller and more portable. The use of a smaller X-ray tube to radiate objects limits the focus of the emissions, thus less power is lost in the form of heat and X-rays not being used to create an image.
Another advantage of using dynamic anodes is it allows for a larger, more parallel X-ray fan without loss in X-ray photon density or an increase in geometric unsharpness. Geometric unsharpness occurs when an X-ray fan emanating from an anode is too wide. This also results in a reduction of contrast at the edge of the fan. The present disclosure provides for the use of a small focal spot size, which equates to a sharper image and higher resolution.
In certain embodiments the system is compact and lightweight so that it can be easily transported and used within confined spaces or in environments where weight is a consideration, such as inside or underneath aircraft. Because systems and structures in aircraft environments have various orientations and limitations to access, the system is portable and adaptable.
This brief summary has been provided so that the nature of the disclosure may be understood quickly. A more complete understanding of the disclosure can be obtained by reference to the following detailed description of the embodiments thereof in connection with the attached drawings.
The foregoing features and other features of the disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawings of various objects of the disclosure. The illustrated embodiment is intended to illustrate, but not to limit the disclosure. The drawings include the following:
The present system is described herein with reference to two example embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, however, that these embodiments are merely examples. Alternative configurations from those shown in the attached figures may also embody the advantageous characteristics described above. These alternative configurations are within the scope of the present system.
Stationary anode 104 generates the X-ray beam 106, which is emitted out from X-ray tube 102 through window 108. In this example, X-ray beam 106 provides instantaneous coverage 'L' to the extent of cone angle θ. The volume of electron bombardment and X-ray generation required to provide full coverage L of object 110 requires a large amount of power and creates large amounts of heat, which in turn requires a large cooling system. By requiring large amounts of power and a large cooling system, the size of X-ray tube 102 must also be large.
Referring again to
In operation, cathode 302 emits electrons into the vacuum of X-ray tube 202. Dynamic anode 204 collects the electrons to establish a flow of electrical current through X-ray tube 202. Dynamic anode 204 generates an X-ray beam 208 that emits through window 206 in X-ray tube 202 to create an image of object 110 under examination.
In this embodiment, dynamic anode 204, is an anode that is made to move within X-ray tube 202, such that X-ray beam 208 is made to scan across object 110.
For example, referring to
As shown in
As shown in
In another embodiment, an X-ray backscatter system is provided which includes an X-ray tube (vacuum tube) that generates photons, and at least one silicon-based detector or photo-multiplier tube. Generally, photons emerge from the source or anode in a collimated "flying spot" beam that scans vertically. Backscattered photons are collected in the detector(s) and used to generate two-dimensional or three-dimensional images of objects. The angle over which the spot travels is limited by the X-ray fan angle coming off the anode.
An X-ray backscatter Non-Line-of-Sight Reverse Engineering application is the subject of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/352,118, entitled Non-Line Of Sight Reverse Engineering For Modifications Of Structures And Systems, filed on Feb. 10, 2006, the disclosure of which is assigned to the assignee of the present application, and the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
In one embodiment, a rotating collimator 410, having an aperture 412, encircles X-ray tube 402 and rotates around stationary anode 404 such that aperture 412 rotates across the length of window 408. A portion of X-ray beam 406 passes through aperture 412 as aperture 412 rotates across window 408.
In this example, stationary anode 404 X-ray directs beam 406 to the internal side of collimator 410. Beam 406 impinges on collimator 410 to the extent of cone angle θ. As aperture 412 of collimator 410 passes through beam 406 a small portion 416 of beam 406 passes through to provide coverage on object 414. Since most of beam 406 is not used to impinge on to object 414, the power used to generate beam 406 is wasted.
In one operational embodiment, the relative rotation of dynamic anode 502 and of rotating collimator 508 is linked. Accordingly, in this embodiment, aperture 510 can be made to rotate in constant alignment with dynamic anode 502. By linking the relative rotation of anode 502 and collimator 508, X-ray beam 504 may be directed specifically at aperture 510 during the entire imaging operation. Because beam 504 is concentrated directly in the vicinity of aperture 510 during the entire imaging operation, the concentration 512 of beam 504 which actually passes through aperture 510 represents a large percentage of the actual beam 504.
Thus, the efficiency associated with using a more concentrated beam 504 continuously directed at aperture 510 as collimator 508 and anode 502 rotate, allows for using a smaller anode with a less powerful beam. In turn, the smaller anode allows the dimensions of the X-ray tube to also be reduced, because of the lower size and power requirements.
By directing beam 504 continuously at aperture 510 during an imaging operation also allows for complete circumferential beam coverage to cover a larger area of inspection with a larger field of view. Alternatively, X-ray beam 504 may be made to obtain a more concentrated X-ray at a particular location.
Although the system and method of the present disclosure are described with reference to a flying spot X-ray system (backscatter and transmission), those skilled in the art will recognize that the principles and teachings described herein may also be applied to conventional transmission X-ray systems and X-ray tomography systems.
In this embodiment, oscillating anode 602 increases the X-ray photon lobe angle without reducing the total number of photons per square centimeter. X-ray beam 608 is then emitted from oscillating anode 602 generating an X-ray fan area 610, such that X-ray beam 608 is made to sweep across an object continuously to the endpoints of the oscillation.
Beneficially, oscillating anode 602 allows for an instantaneous increase or decrease in the field-of-view (as represented by X-ray fan area 610), depending on the angle of oscillation α, which may be as large as 120�. Oscillating anode 602 is oscillated using any conventional oscillation means, such as an optical gimbal or galvometer provided inside of the X-ray tube.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the principles and teachings described herein may be applied to a variety of structures and/or systems, such as aircraft, spacecraft, ground and ocean-going vehicles, complex facilities such as power generation for both commercial and government applications, power plants, processing plants, refineries, military applications, and transportation systems, including, but not limited to, automobiles, ships, helicopters, and trains. Furthermore, the present disclosure may be used for homeland security, as a personnel inspection system (portal) to look for hidden weapons under clothing or in luggage, borescopic applications, such as inspection work where the area to be inspected is inaccessible by other means and in the medical field or where a 360� field of view is required. The X-ray tube can penetrate very large objects, such as vehicles, by going inside the engine compartment or fuel tank which a normal X-ray imaging system cannot access due to size.
Although exemplary embodiments of the disclosure have been described above by way of example only, it will be understood by those skilled in the field that modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiment without departing from the scope of the disclosure, which is defined by the appended claims.
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How to Worship
Do you find Sunday morning worship to be a delight or dull and dreary? Do you spend the service thinking about all the things you could be doing if you were not at church? Take time today to repent for ...Read More
Expository Preaching
Preaching can be a lonely and intimidating task. If you have a preacher who is faithful to Scripture as he preaches, make sure you take the time to thank him for feeding you the Word of God. Moreover, as we ...Read More
The Form of Worship
Take some time today to consider the liturgy used in your own church. Have its different elements become meaningless to you, things you do without consideration? Or, do you take care to contemplate the significance of the words you speak ...Read More
The Touch of Worship
Paul exhorts us to "greet one another with a holy kiss" (Rom. 16:16). The way in which we can appropriately convey the love of God physically differs from culture to culture. But whether it is a handshake, hug, or kiss, ...Read More
The Taste of Worship
God has graciously given us many different foods, and every time we taste something we should remember the goodness of the Lord and His marvelous provision of our basic sustenance. When we celebrate the Lord's Supper as a church family, ...Read More
The Sound of Worship
Paul confesses the depth of God's ways when concluding his explanation of Israel's salvation (Rom. 11:33). Though we can learn much about the Lord, we also realize how little we know about Him as we plumb the depths of His ...Read More
The Beauty of Worship
Christians often argue about the propriety of artwork in the sanctuary. Whether or not visual images are used in our houses of worship, we can all agree that plainness can be elegant in some ways just as many works of ...Read More
A Reasonable Response
We all know that the remaining presence of sin in our lives makes it impossible to have a perfect desire to please God when we worship. Nonetheless, since we may now approach the Father boldly in Christ (Heb. 10:19–22), we ...Read More
An Honorable Offering
Though we cannot truly separate internal attitudes from external actions, we must note that what the Lord desires most of all is a heart devoted to Him. Our outward actions generally reveal the intent of our hearts, but it is ...Read More
A Sacrifice of Praise
In light of the great sacrifice that Jesus made on our behalf, the appropriate response is one of worship and praise. As we glorify God, we are strengthened; and we testify to the reality that one day, all of creation ...Read More
DevotionalsDaily readings to encourage your heart and mind in the pursuit of God and his glory.
- All
- Angels and Demons
- Atonement
- Basic Reformed Theology
- Irresistible Grace
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- Perseverance of the Saints
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- The Church
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Climb Ski Hiking/Trekking Apparel
STS Tail Straps
Item# BD1636290000ALL1
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Two replacement STS tail straps and clips for all BD STS skins (hardware not included).
- 20% stronger
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Weight Per Pair : 40 g (1.4 oz)
Rated 4 out of 5 by 1 reviewer.
Rated 4 out of 5 by Milo nice that tail kit includes inexpensive replaceable parts The black diamond skins I have use this tail kit and on a recent ski trip, I noticed that cracks were appearing next to one of the notches in the plastic tail. At a glance, it looked like I would need to rivet a new tail kit to the skins. A little research revealed that the plastic tails and metal clips are readily available and quickly swapped out. I bought several so as always to have a spare in my pack. I have had the metal clips fall out and now have heard stories from others of the plastic tails cracking. Everyone with these skins should have this replacement kit, or better yet, they should come with at least one extra plastic tail and metal clip March 18, 2015
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September 6, 2011
Face to Face
Reviewer: Jeffrey M Anderson
Rating (out of five): *** 1/2
If movies are the art form that comes closest to replicating our dreams -- sounds and images dancing before our eyes in the dark -- then, ironically, very few filmmakers have come anywhere near to capturing the elusive rhythm of dreams. David Lynch, Orson Welles, and Luis Bunuel have all succeeded from time to time, and especially Ingmar Bergman. A short nightmare sequence in Wild Strawberries (1957) is quite chilling, and the whole of Persona (1966) has the possibility to move in any direction, at any time.
It's a shame, then, to see Bergman's late-period Face to Face, which is devoted largely to dream sequences and hallucinations, and to realize that it's not very effective. The dreams here feel as if some lesser director were vainly trying to copy Bergman, using surfaces and designs rather than moods or instinct. Thankfully the movie's waking sequences have enough power to get by, and these are mostly thanks to the showcase performance by Bergman's frequent leading lady Liv Ullmann. (Bergman and Ullmann both received Oscar nominations for this film.)
Ullmann plays Dr. Jenny Isaksson, a psychiatrist who begins the film by moving out of her current office. The bare rooms contain little more than a phone, resting on the floor. Jenny moves in with her grandparents, a temporary arrangement meant to last a couple of months until Jenny's husband returns from some extended business trip. She attends a party and meets Dr. Tomas Jacobi (Erland Josephson, who co-starred with Ullmann in eight Bergman films). He flirts with her, and she responds, but refuses to let him sleep with her. She flirts with him some more, and then loses her mind.
She begins to see a creepy old lady with one black eye (death?) lurking around her grandparents' home. Soon after, she finds herself in a full-fledged dream world, but one filled with cinematic symbols rather than emotions. She wears a red cloak/gown. She is warned not to enter a certain door, but enters anyway, etc. She finds herself in a room full of mental patients, all scrambling for her attention. It's all very heavy and literal; it never haunts or has any kind of below-the-belt effect.
Face to Face is a surprising misstep, coming between two Bergman masterpieces. Cries and Whispers (1972) sharply used color and space to match its claustrophobic, emotionally wrenching story of three sisters; and Fanny and Alexander (1983) was one of the director's warmest, most personal films. It seems Face to Face is the awkward transition between these two phases; it shows Bergman thinking too hard, perhaps knowingly searching for something and being unable to find it.
But then there's Ullmann, who would have been in her late 30s here, sublimely beautiful, with constantly searching, thoughtful eyes. Bergman stays close on her face for long portions of this 136-minute movie, and she finds its key: she never acts crazy. She merely acts like she can't understand or believe that these things are happening to her. She tries to navigate the insanity with as much sanity as possible, which puts the viewers on her side. Nevertheless, the material gives her plenty of big moments to build up and break down, which inevitably attracted the attention of the Oscar voters. (She had been nominated once before, for The Emigrants in 1971. In 1976, she lost to Faye Dunaway.) Regardless, her overall grace saves the movie.
Face to Face has been one of the most difficult to see among Bergman's movies (along with Summer with Monika and After the Rehearsal). Now Olive Films has rescued it from the Paramount vaults with a new DVD. According to some reports, the movie was originally shot as a TV miniseries (as was the case with many other major Bergman features), and so the picture is a bit on the soft side, but otherwise it looks luscious. There are no extras. (Apparently, young Lena Olin has a bit part as a shop assistant, if you look fast.)
Posted by maian at September 6, 2011 4:22 PM


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Wood said that neighbors had been seen walking through deep floodwaters to get to neighbors to offer help, bring in groceries, or check on their welfare.
"Everybody's finding ways to help others out," she said.
Wood said one man was driving a bucket loader around, filling in deep washouts on people's driveways so they could get out.
Also, people with access to nearby towns loaned their vehicles to those stranded on the other side of washouts, she added. Reports were heard of people leaving keys in the ignition for townspeople to use in an emergency.
Others were merely calling on folks they knew had medical issues to see if they were okay.
Evelyn Wood, 75, of Garnet Lake Road -- who relies on an oxygen machine -- was among those called. She said mid-morning Sunday that Jean Coulard, president of the Thurman Emergency Squad, called her to make sure she was okay.
The emergency squad headquarters, however, was cut off from most of the townsfolk by washouts on High Street and other roadways. Wood said that for some time, the squad was stranded.
Town officials said that the Thurman Town Hall basement was flooded with about a foot of water, and a sump pump was keeping the water level below a foot deep. The Harris House, which hosts various town functions, also had several feet of water in the basement, and a hallway was flooded, it was reported.
Wood said that at one point Sunday morning, she saw a fish floundering in the roadway by the town hall, and a town empoloyee threw it back into a nearby stream.
Sunday, Wood had been up since 6 a.m. surveying damage and trying to get in touch with people to see if they were okay. She said that she had gone through three sets of boots, and over the last 24 hours, she had gotten her jeans wet up to her hips, wading through floodwaters.
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Dr.Eric A. Hagegorn, Associate Professor of Physics (University of Texas at El Paso)
Since you are going to have to work for close to 40 years, you should try very hard to find a job you not only like, but LOVE! The United States needs STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) professionals, and these are jobs you can love. I will present STEM career outlook information from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and insights into: 1) finding a field you LOVE, 2) surviving studying a challenging field in college, 3) the necessity of graduate school, 4) working in higher education, K-12 education, or industry, and 5) combining seemingly different fields. I'll also throw in some interesting physics demonstrations to keep things lively!
Eric Hagedorn received his B.S. in Physics at the Pennsylvania State University and his M.S. in Physics at the University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee [UWM]. He immediately began teaching at Alverno College in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a women's college with an innovative ability-based curriculum that emphasizes performance assessment over traditional testing. While on Alverno's faculty, he began and completed his Ph.D. in Curriculum & Instruction at UWM, doing research on the design and validation of a measurement instrument related to physics learning. After 10 years at Alverno, Eric left to take a research & evaluation position in the School of Education at UWM. During this time he was also the managing editor of the Journal of Science Teacher Education. After 3 years, he returned to teaching when offered a position in physics education in the Physics Department at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). At UTEP, he is a tenured Associate Professor, Assistant Department Chair, and both Undergraduate and Society of Physics Students Advisor. In 2008, he was the President of the Texas Section of the American Association of Physics Teachers. He is currently PI on a $1.2 million National Science Foundation Noyce Scholarship grant to prepare and retain highly qualified high school science and mathematics teachers.
Dr. Richard Cohoon, Distinguished Professor of Geology (Arkansas Tech University)
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Experience how wildlife biologists track and monitor the health and well being of our wildlife populations
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