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Embodiments of the present invention improve the accuracy of measurements and/or in vivo calibrations of a biosensor by (1) using more than one sensor signal value and/or more than one directly sampled and measured value, such as a capillary blood glucose value, and/or by (2) delaying the acquisition of a sensor output value that is compared with a directly sampled and measured value, such as a capillary blood glucose value, during a calibration. In an embodiment of the present invention, the median of a series of measured values, or a median or mean of the medians, may be utilized to provide more consistent and accurate measurement data and/or to compensate for error or artifact.
1. A method of calibrating a biosensor that measures an analyte, comprising:
obtaining a blood analyte concentration;
obtaining a plurality of biosensor output signal values;
applying a median filter to said plurality of biosensor output signal values to obtain a median sensor output value;
comparing said blood analyte concentration with said median sensor output value to obtain a sensor sensitivity value; and
utilizing said sensor sensitivity value to calibrate the signal output of said biosensor.
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18. A system for calibrating a biosensor that measures an analyte, comprising:
an on-skin sensor control unit; and
a biosensor coupled to said on-skin sensor control unit, wherein said on-skin sensor control unit comprises programming instructions configured to receive a blood analyte concentration; to receive a plurality of biosensor output signal values; to apply a median filter to said plurality of biosensor output signal values to obtain a median sensor output value; to compare said blood analyte concentration with said median sensor output value to obtain a sensor sensitivity value; and to utilize said sensor sensitivity value to calibrate the signal output of said biosensor.
19. The system of
20. The system of
21. A method of sensing analyte using a biosensor, comprising:
obtaining a plurality of raw biosensor output signal values;
applying a median filter to said plurality of raw biosensor output signal values to obtain a refined median sensor output value; and
displaying said refined median sensor output value on an electronic monitoring unit coupled to the biosensor.
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30. A system for sensing analyte using a biosensor, comprising:
an on-skin sensor control unit; and
a biosensor coupled to said on-skin sensor control unit, wherein said on-skin sensor control unit comprises programming instructions configured to receive a plurality of raw biosensor output signal values; to apply a median filter to said plurality of raw biosensor output signal values to obtain a refined median sensor output value; and to display said refined median sensor output value on an electronic monitoring unit coupled to the biosensor.
31. The system of
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The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/687,199, filed Jun. 2, 2005, entitled "Use of Multiple Data Points to Perform a First Calibration and Subsequent Calibrations of an Analyte Sensor," the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of medical devices, more specifically, to data acquisition, analyte sensing, and related measurement and calibration methods.
Among the other unpleasant aspects of having the disorder diabetes mellitus is the need to frequently test one's blood glucose concentration. With current technology a diabetic patient must prick his own fingertip or other body part to withdraw blood.
A number of solutions have been directed at easing this discomfort and increasing monitoring and control by using an implantable or insertable sensor, for continuous glucose monitoring. Ease of use is not only an important consideration from the perspective of patient comfort, but also from the perspective of patient health. The easier it is for a patient to take his blood glucose level reading, the more frequently he is likely to do so. In turn, with more frequent measurements, the patient is likely to do a better job at regulating his glucose level and thereby avoiding chronic complications in which body tissue is damaged by toxic glucose levels or acute complications in which the patient is in danger of entering a state of hypoglycemic shock. Moreover, by more frequently measuring his or her glucose levels, the patient will likely form a better understanding of his body's response to the consumption of varying types of food and of varying degrees of physical exertion. The better the patient understands his body's response characteristics the better he will be able to tailor his eating, exercise and insulin injection or ingestion regime. In addition to the frequency of measurement, the accuracy of the measurements that are taken is also of great importance.
Embodiments of the present invention will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. To facilitate this description, like reference numerals designate like structural elements. Embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof wherein like numerals designate like parts throughout, and in which is shown by way of illustration embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of embodiments in accordance with the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Various operations may be described as multiple discrete operations in turn, in a manner that may be helpful in understanding embodiments of the present invention; however, the order of description should not be construed to imply that these operations are order dependent.
The description may use perspective-based descriptions such as up/down, back/front, and top/bottom. Such descriptions are merely used to facilitate the discussion and are not intended to restrict the application of embodiments of the present invention.
For the purposes of the present invention, the phrase "A/B" means A or B. For the purposes of the present invention, the phrase "A and/or B" means "(A), (B), or (A and B)". For the purposes of the present invention, the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" means "(A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B and C)". For the purposes of the present invention, the phrase "(A)B" means "(B) or (AB)" that is, A is an optional element.
The description may use the phrases "in an embodiment," or "in embodiments," which may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," and the like, as used with respect to embodiments of the present invention, are synonymous.
Embodiments of the present invention improve the accuracy of in vivo calibrations of a biosensor by (1) using more than one sensor signal value and/or more than one capillary blood glucose value, and/or by (2) delaying the acquisition of a sensor output value that is compared with a capillary blood glucose value during a calibration. In an embodiment of the present invention, the median of a series of measured values, or a median of the medians or of the means, may be utilized to provide more consistent and accurate measurement data and/or to compensate for error or artifact. A filter may be used in a calibration method, and/or may be used to compensate for error during analyte sensing after calibration.
While the analyte of interest mentioned above and used herein throughout as an exemplary analyte is glucose, embodiments of the present invention may be utilized in conjunction with the measurement of other analytes, for example lactate. Furthermore, by utilizing more than one enzyme in a biosensor, more than one analyte may be measured using the same device, and/or may be calibrated in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to create a calibration, delay of the sensor output may be taken into consideration. In a further embodiment, a calibration method may use a single point or multi-point method, separate from, or in conjunction, with accounting for sensor output delay. In an embodiment, using a timeshift method of calibration for high rate of change glucose values to account for delay in sensor output may improve the accuracy of sensor estimation of glucose compared to calibration without timeshifting.
The use of a multi-point calibration system as opposed to a single point calibration system in accordance with embodiments of the present invention provides some benefits to a user. As more and more data are collected during the period of time that a biosensor is present in a mammal, the abundance of data may provide valuable information that may assist proper calibration of the device.
As an example, assume that a subject obtains capillary fingerstick blood samples twice per day and wears an indwelling glucose sensor for 5 days. After the morning calibration at the beginning of the third day, the subject has had a total of 5 calibration values. Often, these calibration values may be obtained at greatly different glucose concentrations, providing valuable information.
In an embodiment of the present invention, rather than use just one of these blood glucose values (accompanied by a sensor signal obtained a few minutes afterward), one can perform a multi-point calibration, in which all of, or at least a plurality of, the blood glucose and sensor signal pairings may be used. According to an embodiment, a regression line may be calculated that relates all of these data, with sensor signals being plotted on the Y-axis and the capillary blood glucose values being plotted on the X-axis. In an embodiment, a regression line may then be drawn and the slope of that line becomes the sensitivity value used in the calibration. In an embodiment, the sensor signal value at zero glucose may be used as the Y-intercept for the equation of the line (standard linear regression formula: S=mG+b, with S being calculated sensor signal, m being the slope or sensitivity, G being the glucose value and b being the y-intercept (also called the offset or background current)). In an embodiment, values of the sensor signal obtained in vitro prior to implant at zero glucose may be used to provide additional values to estimate the value for b properly.
In an embodiment of the present invention, one may weight more recent calibration values more heavily than earlier values (temporal weighting). Use of the many points in this regard may be valuable, especially because a single point (either from the sensor signal or from the blood analyte measurement) may be fraught with inaccuracy, for example from a glucose meter used or from the sensor itself, or from some other error or artifact. In an embodiment, weighting may be accomplished by obtaining sensitivity values for a plurality of calibrations and then weighting the sensitivities, for example temporally.
The geometry of a biosensor may give rise to a time delay in analyte level measurement as compared to a directly measured sample. Biosensors that are placed in the subcutaneous space measure analytes (such as glucose) in the interstitial fluid (ISF). ISF is a liquid, similar to plasma in composition that bathes cells such as fat cells or adipocytes. An exemplary biosensor may have several membranes or layers applied over an electrode, such as a noble metal electrode. In an embodiment, the outermost membrane may be a permselective membrane whose purpose is to limit the rate of mass transfer of analyte, such as glucose, into the enzyme (sensing) layer, which may lie beneath the permselective membrane, that is, closer to the electrode. In an embodiment, underneath the enzyme layer may be a specificity membrane, whose purpose is to exclude interfering compounds from permeating through to the electrode, while at the same time, allowing hydrogen peroxide to permeate through, and to be oxidized by, the electrode.
Typically, a subcutaneous biosensor must be calibrated in vivo in order to provide for the user an accurate measurement of an analyte, such as glucose. Since ISF is not easily accessible, blood measurements of analyte are typically used for such calibration.
However, for example, there may be a delay between a change in the blood concentration of glucose and the time at which the biosensor registers that change. This delay consists of several factors. First, there may be a delay in the transfer of glucose from the blood capillary into the ISF. This transfer has been estimated to be from less than one minute to over 5 minutes, and these disparities in results are probably due to differences in methods. Second, there may be a delay in the permeation of glucose through the outer membranes that limit mass transport of glucose and allow permeation of oxygen. Third, after the glucose has reached the sensing (enzyme) layer containing glucose oxidase, there may be a short delay during which the glucose and oxygen are converted into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Fourth, there may be a delay during which hydrogen peroxide permeates through a specificity membrane located between the sensing (enzyme-containing) layer and the indicating electrode. Fifth, there may be a mathematical delay that results from the use of software or firmware filters.
In an embodiment, it may be beneficial to apply a median or mean filter to a series of values obtained over, for example, 4-8 minutes. In an embodiment, such a filter may successfully filter out sharp artifact such as that caused by rapid motion of the patient in whom the sensor is implanted. In an embodiment, the delay that such a filter may introduce, in minutes, is equal to (n-1)/2, in which n is the filter length in minutes. Such a filter may be applied during ongoing analyte sensing and/or during calibration.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the measurement time delay may be managed to enhance calibration accuracy. In an embodiment, during the process of calibration, the capillary blood glucose (CBG) value may be compared to a sensor output value in order to arrive at a sensitivity, which may then be used to interpret sensor output values in the future. This process of interpretation yields values derived from sensor readings that estimate glucose concentration.
In an embodiment, calibration accuracy may be improved if the delay, various sources of which are detailed above, is accounted for. One way of performing a calibration is to compare a CBG value with a sensor output value obtained at the same time. This method is flawed, however, because it does not account for the measurement delay. This problem may be especially problematic if the glucose values are changing rapidly.
Note that in
Conversely, if one calibrates during rapidly rising glucose, one will systematically overestimate glucose level. Again, the only time that there will be no error will be when the rate of change is the same as the rate during calibration. A better method according to an embodiment of the present invention is to compare the current CBG value with a sensor output value obtained several minutes in the future, that duration being the same as the delay.
In an embodiment, one method that may be used to account for such a delay would be as follows: Assume that a CBG value is obtained at 6 PM. The sensor's Electronic Monitoring Unit (EMU) is given the CBG value either by the patient entering the CBG value that appeared on the glucose meter or by the glucose meter automatically entering the value into the EMU. At this point, the EMU does not perform a calibration, and instead simply waits for a period of time equal to the duration of the delay, say 5 minutes. Then, at 6:05, the EMU takes the signal (or a filtered reading acquired from a series of signals) from the biosensor and compares the delayed signal(s) with the CBG level obtained earlier. In an embodiment, this comparison may use a simple linear regression equation (using an appropriate background current value at zero glucose) or may use curve fitting equations that typify non-linear relationships between CBG and sensor output.
Accounting for this delay is especially important when the glucose signals are changing rapidly. This concept has been tested in a sample of data obtained from 13 patients with Type 1 diabetes. These sensors were then placed subcutaneously for 5 days. Each sensor acquired a reading of the electrical current output once per minute (1440 times per day) and sent this output value to an electronic monitoring unit. In addition, subjects measured their capillary blood glucose (CBG) at a fingertip 17-22 times per day using a hand held glucose meter (ROCHE ACCUCHEK). The capillary blood was also measured using a highly accurate benchtop machine, the SUPER GL glucose analyzer.
Because there were a large number of CBG values obtained each day, the effect of calibrating during rapidly changing glucose levels could be tested easily. For this particular scenario, the data was examined retrospectively and calibration points were created twice per day, only when glucose level was falling at a very high rate (averaging 2.4 mg/dl per minute).
In an embodiment, calibration may also be carried out by the use of many data pairs other than the most recent. In such a method, the prior history of data may be used in addition to using the present data.
The following table represents an example of a situation in which a multi-point calibration may lead to better accuracy than a single point calibration.
Table 1 represents data from 7 successive calibrations. In all cases except the final calibration, the measured CBG is assumed to be accurate. On the final calibration (#7), there is a 30% error on the measurement of CBG.
In an embodiment, for each successive all point calibration, all of the points may be used to calculate a regression line. Specifically, in an embodiment, the most recent data pair (sensor output and CBG) may be double-weighted, the background current (not shown here) may be double-weighted, and all other data pairs may be single-weighted.
The sensitivities calculated for the first 6 calibrations are very similar regardless of whether one uses the multi-point method or a single-point method (in which only the current data pair is used to make the calibration). Sensitivity values using either method for calibrations 1-6 are very close to 0.09 nA/(mg/dl). However, when there is an errant CBG value (for example, due to improper use of a glucose meter or error of the glucose meter), as in calibration 7, a substantial error may result.
In an embodiment, using a multi-point calibration with the above-mentioned weighting, the sensitivity is calculated as 0.092 nA/(mg/dl). In contrast, using a single-point method with a background current assumed to be 1 nA, the sensitivity at calibration 7 is calculated as 0.077 nA/(mg/dl). In an embodiment, if one applies this errant sensitivity to an unknown, assuming no sensor error, the error would lead to a 15% absolute relative error.
A comparison of the sensitivity values calculated using the above-mentioned data is shown in
In an embodiment of the present invention, another mechanism of using multiple points to arrive at a displayed data point during monitoring/sensing and/or calibration may be to obtain multiple data measurements and then to apply a mean or median filter to those data.
In an embodiment, there be a benefit to using median-based statistics as compared to mean-based statistics in a biosensor characterized by occasional error (artifact).
Row 4 displays the median of 6 raw values obtained each minute, and Row 5 displays the mean value of the 6 raw values obtained each minute. In an embodiment, as may be seen in
In a further example according to an embodiment of the present invention, the table of data below (Table 2) may be provided to illustrate the impact of using median interval values, in particular, using medians of the medians or medians of the means.
As shown in Table 2, the median values and mean values (interval values) shown are repeated every six minutes to provide a larger sample set for the example.
In an embodiment of the present invention, before displaying values on an EMU, an additional computation may be run: a running median of the most recent 5 minute segment (a median of the medians). Such a calculation may be conducted for a variety of previous time periods other than 5 minutes, such as, for example, from 3 to 10 minutes.
In an alternative embodiment, a running median of the means may be calculated, which provides some correction of error found in the means themselves.
Note in Table 2 above, and
In an embodiment, for a calibration, the median of medians may be used, which may better exclude the erroneous data. If the median of the means is used (or mean of means—not shown), the effect of the original artifact may not be fully excluded. Using the data from Table 2, for example, if a calibration is performed at minute 11, 12 or 13, then the calibration value is accurate even if the median of means is used, but if a calibration is performed at minute 8, 9 or 10, then the calibration contains the original error. As shown in Table 2, when the median method (filter) is used, the method correctly classifies the data as hypoglycemic (less than 70 mg/dl) throughout the tracing, but when using the mean, for about 50% of the time, the system misclassifies the values as normoglycemic.
Calibration errors are serious errors because they persist until the next calibration. Error in calibration may be minimized by using all or many of the previous calibrations, and/or by utilizing median values or medians of the medians. In an embodiment, using a moving median of the means may be better than using a moving mean of the means (moving average), but may not be as accurate as using a moving medians of the medians. In utilizing multiple data points, in an embodiment, the more remote calibrations may be underweighted to further improve accuracy.
In an embodiment, using all or most of the measured data points as described above may be better than eliminating one or more data points. For example, even if the highest and lowest of the raw data points are excluded over each minute, artifact may persist. When there is more than one erroneous low value in one minute or more than one erroneous high value in one minute, eliminating the high and/or the low data point will not completely exclude the erroneous values.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a physiological filter may also be applied to a stream of data. A physiological filter is programmed to recognize the acceptable ranges of analyte measurement and/or the acceptable rates of change of such an analyte. For example, it is known that glucose levels in a body do not increase by more than about 6-10 mg/dl per minute due to absorption of carbohydrate from the intenstine after feeding or from conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and subsequent release from the liver into the bloodstream, during a fasting state. In addition, glucose levels in a body generally do not decrease any faster than about 6-10 mg/dl per minute because, to fall, glucose must generally be taken up by muscle cells, fat cells or brain cells and there is limit to the rate of the cellular uptake. Thus, when glucose levels appear to rise or fall faster than the physiological limit, a physiological filter may be used to exclude those values and instead use the limit value of the acceptable range.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a system or apparatus may be provided to implement the methods described herein. In an embodiment, an on-skin sensor control unit may be coupled to a biosensor. The on-skin sensor control unit may include a processor with programming instructions configured to implement the methods of embodiments of the present invention.
Although certain embodiments have been illustrated and described herein for purposes of description of the preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a wide variety of alternate and/or equivalent embodiments or implementations calculated to achieve the same purposes may be substituted for the embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present invention. Those with skill in the art will readily appreciate that embodiments in accordance with the present invention may be implemented in a very wide variety of ways. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, it is manifestly intended that embodiments in accordance with the present invention be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.
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10 Incredible Close-up Images of Our Daily Foods [Picture]
February 13, 2013 | Science | No Comments
An extreme close-up images of our everyday food, those images were taken under scanning electron micrograph.
A few type of foods were examined up close under the microscope. I bet you have not seen these before in your life.
A very different angle of view, it's amazing.
Check them out below.
10 Incredible Close-up Images of Our Daily Foods:
A broccoli floret:
A cauliflower:
A coffee bean:
A coffee granules:
A meat:
A grain of salt:
A strawberry:
A tomatoes:
I think it look more tasty on our naked eye compare to the above images.

subset: commoncrawl


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Now known as KPPI-918-0
This course is designed to permit students to explore in some depth specific issues confronting education and academic institutions. Project teams, working closely with faculty and school staff and leadership, will develop recommendations that address critical challenges in strengthening school performance. Students will receive a solid foundation in the challenges facing the education sector and will acquire consulting capabilities.


text:
1934 Plymouth PE, this vehicle was in the motion picture "Bound for Glory". seller has owned vehicle this deluxe since 1978. engine is rebuilt with... More
This 1934 Plymouth 5 Window Coupe is available in our Louisville KY showroom. In 1934 the Plymouth coupe was considered the best engineered vehicle... More


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European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) score of atrial fibrillation (AF) -related symptoms
You have 3 open access pages left.UK healthcare workers and students can get FREE subscriptions... click here.
European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) score of AF-related symptoms
A simple symptom score (EHRA score) has been recommended recently to quantify
AF-related symptoms. It considers symptoms that are attributable to AF and reverse
or reduce upon restoration of sinus rhythm or with effective rate control (1).
Classification of AF-related symptoms (EHRA score) are as follows:


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Bob's Red Mill, Xanthan Gum, Gluten Free, 8 oz (1/2 lb) 226 g
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Another Great Product
3 people found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer2525129 on Mar 28, 2009
Thanks again for another great product. Bob's Red Mill Xanthan Gum powder was just what I was looking for. This thickens my wild berry syrups just right without having to use corn syrup or chemical additives. Purchase was easy and shipping was quick.
Pat Smith
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Xanthan Gum
2 people found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer3033884 on Jun 08, 2010
Bob's Xanthan Gum is higher quality and less expensive that most other quality brands.
Works for me.
Posted by Reviewer1014305 on Jul 22, 2010
Works well as a thickening agent in my chinese sauces and in regular gravy. It does take some adjustment/experimentation for each use, but it allows me to have what would be essentially forbidden on a low carb diet. It can tend to become very mucous like if too much is used.
A little goes a long way!
Posted by Reviewer1620000 on Jun 28, 2011
Just a pinch of this product, and your smoothies will turn out nice and thick! I keep my bag in the freezer to let stay fresh.
Xanthan Gum.
1 person found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer1623885 on Oct 03, 2012
I use this in my gluten-free baking.


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Construction Management Alum Wants to Help Students Going in the Profession
College isn't just something from the past for Clay Gordon '00. The executive vice president of business development for Nabholz Construction Corp.'s central Arkansas operations can still be found around UALR to support the program that launched his career.
Gordon received a B.S.degree in construction management at UALR. "The degree gave me the tools and knowledge not only about the technical side of our industry but also the business side of our industry, which gave me a great advantage," he said.
Gordon has worked on jobs including UALR's new Engineering and Information Technology building and Magnolia Replacement Hospital. His project management experience at Nabholz includes the U.S. Attorney's Office in Fort Smith; L'Oreal USA in North Little Rock; Wright, Lindsey & Jennings LLP in Little Rock; Mayflower High School; and Arvest Bank in Bryant.
"Shortly after I graduated I wanted to get involved with the Alumni Association and help the college and specifically the construction program for which I owe a lot to for my education," said Gordon. He now serves as president of the University's Alumni Association Construction Management Society and has served on the Construction Management Advisory Council since 2003.
He encourages other construction management alumni to get involved with the Alumni Association Society. "Networking is always good for everyone, and it supports the institution that helped prepare us for our careers," said Gordon.
He has found that the organization also offers the opportunity for current students to meet professionals already in the field. "Although there is a national economic crisis currently, there is still a need for new schools, higher education facilities, hospitals, and infrastructure upgrades. What is also important is our industries need for talented people, especially craftsmen," he added.
A Certified Professional Constructor through the American Institute of Constructors, Gordon is past chairman of the Associated General Contractors Young Executives Council. He is a 2008 Faulkner County Leadership Graduate and serves on the Faulkner County District Board of Junior Achievement and the Faulkner County Boys and Girls Club Board of Directors.
His wife Kelli teaches in Conway Public Schools. They have two daughters, Hannah, 6, and Elizabeth, 4.


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|Thor Heyerdahl School in Norway inaugurated
|Friday, 18 September 2009 06:52
The Thor Heyerdahl School of Advanced and Further Education in Larvik, Norway was inaugurated today (Friday). The 33,400 m2 new school, designed by the Danish architects schmidt hammer lassen, is the largest new school in Norway. Schmidt hammer lassen won the international competition for the school including a 4000 spectator sports arena in 2005. One year later, the company won the competition for a 25,000 m2 school building of City of Westminster College.
School children are normally divided after secondary school, but in Larvik they will be kept together and blended socially and across educations in an open learning environment. The blend of social classes and the mutual inspiration the students of various trades give each other has the purpose of enhancing equality in society.
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|Last Updated on Wednesday, 02 December 2009 16:44


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1963 Chrysler 300 Pacesetter Edition - Built to commemorate the Indianapolis 500 Race! This Convertible is powered by the 413 CID Firepower 360HP V-8... More
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2012 Chrysler 300 Limited Model with a new Bentley T-Rex upper grille & lower grill & 2 side front grilles on order, also T-Rex,... More


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(Written in 2007)
In Early 2005 The University Learning Centre Steering Committee recognized the need for a universal centre to collaborate the existing independent academic support programs across campus. Workshops were held in April 2005 and February 2006 to discuss ideas, followed by a Town Hall Discussion in March 2006. University Council approved the idea in September 2006 followed by PCIP approving the budget in 2006. The wheels were in motion.
The University Learning Centre is headed up by Dr. Jim Greer who is also the director for The Gwenna Moss Centre for Teaching Effectiveness. Collaborative efforts between various groups such as SESD, the Math Help Centre, The Writing Centre, the GMCTE and the Division of Media and Technology helped to realize the goal of Phase I opening in January 2007.
ULC Context
Like many other institutions of higher education in Canada, knowledge creation and dissemination are paramount priorities for the University of Saskatchewan. This University is, and must always be, a learning community – a place where knowledge is valued and learning is encouraged and supported.
The Gwenna Moss Centre for Teaching Effectiveness (GMCTE) laid an important foundation by creating a central focal point within the University to serve the teaching needs of faculty. However, the learning needs of students have been attended to by an overabundance of programs with overlapping mandates and clienteles sponsored at the college, department, and program levels.
A central focus on learning, for both faculty and students, is now available through the new University Learning Centre (ULC). Yet, as we do this, we acknowledge the fine balance that must be struck between creating a central unit addressing cross-campus needs and providing a common resource that collaborates with, coordinates, and supports the diversity of learning-related initiatives in colleges, departments, and service units across the campus.
Research indicates that many students entering university in the first decade of the 21st century have different expectations than those of only a decade ago. For example, students entering in 2006/07 will have been accessing electronic information, manipulating images, and creating media since kindergarten. They are more diverse in experience, culture, and preparedness than students of two or three decades ago. Where faculty may be somewhat amazed at carrying around an entire music collection on an I-Pod, or one's life works on a memory key, our students are often ill equipped, and equally amazed, when faced with the expectation to learn effectively from a three hour lecture supported by chalkboard notes. Complicating this is both the influx of young faculty with high technological expectations and the simultaneous loss of decades of experience as some of our best faculty instructors retire. The current situation is also complicated by the fact that these changes are occurring at a time when, increasingly, our ability to attract and retain high quality students and faculty is being challenged by demographic forces beyond our control.
In recognition of these challenges, universities in Canada and elsewhere are developing programs and initiatives which support and enhance the teaching and learning experience of students, in addition to maintaining and enhancing programs and initiatives directed at faculty and other instructional staff.
At other universities these programs are developed in collaboration with many groups, but a Library presence is usually a unifying feature. Perhaps this is because libraries historically represent a space for learning, a repository of learning resources, and a place to address student needs for intellectual socialization. Libraries, for their part, have also been anxious to participate in a wide variety of crucial learning initiatives partly because their roles are transforming but also because they are able to provide a central place or facility in which students can come together to study, learn, or work.
The University of Saskatchewan has a strong track record of independence in curricular design, program innovation, and instructional methodology and a broad array of pedagogical approaches are applied at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Each of these initiatives, at an individual and unit level, has substantial merit and the ability to create transformational experiences for students. By assembling talent in a centre where experts in instructional design and innovative approaches to teaching and learning reside, and by making this expertise more generally available to the university community, learning is enhanced by using existing resources more effectively.
Through the consultation process followed to date, we have learned that the ULC must become a place for learning – both for students and faculty. It is perceived as an essential tool to ensure a rich educational experience for our students by providing the necessary supports and skills to ensure that they are intellectually stimulated by the learning experience they obtain and equipped to become productive members of society. The ULC is also essential in ensuring that faculty and instructional staff acquire the necessary skills and supports to provide a high quality, stimulating, challenging, educational experience to our students; to learn about and apply new approaches to teaching and curricular design in their course and program offerings; and to exercise the opportunity to engage in research about teaching and learning.
The University Learning Centre: Vision
The ULC is envisioned to be an academic support unit whose mandate is to champion the quality of the educational experience offered by the University and promote student and faculty success in a variety of teaching and learning environments. It will sponsor and encourage initiatives for both student and faculty learning. For students, this means access to programs and initiatives that are both remedial and formative to their educational experience, both within and beyond the classroom. For faculty and other instructional staff, this means access to resources, programs, and support initiatives which are informed by new and emerging practices in teaching and learning.
The ULC will provide facilities, resources, and opportunities for improving the teaching and learning environments and should itself be a resource for the entire University of Saskatchewan community. This will require focus on four broad goals:
- Providing specific programs and services to support learners and instructors;
- Promoting and sharing known methods for learner and instructor success in the university environment and beyond;
- Engaging in new research and development activities related to teaching and learning; and
- Applying emerging innovations to support learner and instructor success and anticipated learning outcomes.
These goals will be realized through activities that serve student learning and personal success; teaching-career development for faculty, sessional lecturers, graduate students, and instructional staff; support and resources for curriculum, program development and innovation; and access to learning resources.
Initially, the ULC will draw together existing programs and services which provide remedial support to students as well as develop a limited number of initiatives which provide opportunities to students to enhance their educational experience. Student success in university, retention in programs, and preparedness for post-university employment will be important goals of the ULC. Because faculty and instructor development in teaching and overall attention to instruction are equally important goals, the ULC will initially draw on the programs and initiatives currently sponsored by the GMCTE but, as it evolves, the ULC will undoubtedly build additional programs and services which address emerging needs of faculty and instructional staff. It is envisaged that every program or major activity of the ULC that has a face-to-face physical presence should also have a "virtual" presence. This includes online help-desks and online resource repositories to support students and instructors.
How the existing academic and service units across campus participate in the ULC's endeavours is critical to the centre's success. While incorporating some of their current activities directly in the ULC is desirable, the more important goals are cooperation and collaboration. For the centre to be truly successful, mechanisms need to be established to enable existing academic and service units to share the best in research, practice, and application. The ULC will need to work effectively with student organizations as well and student involvement in the ongoing development of the ULC is crucial to its success. The ULC must strive to achieve a strong level of cooperation and coordination with the USSU (University of Saskatchewan Students' Union), the GSA (Graduates Students' Association), and the various college and department student societies.
Time Frame
Given the challenge of integrating existing programs, developing new programs, and providing appropriate space to house these activities, the ULC will be developed in three phases. Phase One is planned for January 1, 2007 with successive activities implemented in two further phases. Building on both the Learning Commons currently existing in the Library and on the GMCTE, the ULC will be located in expanded physical space in the Main Library. Phase One of the ULC will be a composite of existing entities (such as the Learning Commons and the GMCTE) along with selected new initiatives. Phase Two will provide additional new programming as well as an increased profile and presence for the ULC. Phase Three is anticipated to provide further programming and innovation including an increased focus on research on teaching and learning.
Programs (Existing and New):
1. Supporting Student Learning and Personal Development
The University Learning Centre for Student Success (ULCSS) will be the center ofthe University Learning Centre's student initiatives. The ULCSS will act as a central coordinating body for all types of learner support programs and initiatives, work in cooperation with existing programs, and initiate new and complementary programs to ensure student success in university and beyond. In so doing, the ULCSS will become the home for a number of programs to support student learning, student retention, student leadership, and student transitions into and out of the University.
Initially, it is envisioned that many existing programs, services, and resources will be drawn together into the ULCSS. For example, the University Writing Centre and the Math Help Desk will move into the ULCSS in January 2007. In addition, the Learning Commons currently located in the Library and the various help desks currently operating in conjunction with it will be collaboratively integrated with the ULCSS. For other services, the ULCSS will act as an 'umbrella' providing opportunities for synergy and collaboration, supporting independent identities within broad University-wide goals. For example, the Aboriginal Student Centre (ASC) will retain its current presence and profile, yet it is anticipated that students would be encouraged to take advantage of the programs and services available at the ULCSS and individual programs offered by the ASC.
While the importance of effective communication in varied forms of literacy (verbal, written, mathematical, visual, and technological) is at the base of a sound education, the ULCSS will assist students to develop a variety of additional skills. Opportunities for skill development will be explored in as many of the following areas as can be managed:
- Study Skills: These are of first stage importance and require some physical space and access to workshop rooms. Services may include writing training, research training, making lecture notes, planning a presentation, citation, study techniques, time management, etc. There is a good deal of overlap between various services: communication and cooperation is crucial. Programs and initiatives in this area could be partially run through the peer learning initiative (described below) but the online resources currently available through SESD should be fully utilized.
- Information Literacy Skills: These are also of first stage importance and will require physical space for workshops. It is possible that initiatives in this area may be an offshoot of study skills, but it will clearly be important to work with the University Library which already have developed online resources. It is possible that curricular design might include a for credit or required course/program based on small assignments: web search, catalogue search, database search, bibliography construction, article analysis, website analysis, etc.
- Technology Skills: These are of second stage importance and may require dedicated physical space. There are a number of technology training opportunities available through ITS and they should continue to be run, but these logically deserve a home in the ULC with the opportunity to provide expanded programming in critical areas.
- Communication Skills: These are also of second stage importance and may also require a physical presence. This is a new service and should encompass written, electronic, and oral communications. It is likely that, programs in this area would be run predominantly on a workshop basis.
To support many of these activities, the ULC will initiate a new program of peer-mentoring/peer-tutoring in academic subjects. This will be a service learning initiative by students for students. Learners in this program will receive tutorial help in specific courses and skills. Mentors/tutors in this program will benefit by gaining experience, obtaining training, and eventually qualifying for a tutor certification credential. The ULC will work with academic units and student groups to establish this new program, anticipated to be piloted beginning in January 2007 and fully operational for the 2007/08 academic year.
This peer-mentoring/peer-tutoring program will be complemented and directed by a larger experiential and community service learning initiative aimed at supporting the community service learning strategy described in the Outreach and Engagement Foundational Document (OEFD) recently approved by University Council and Senate.
Community service learning initiatives provide an opportunity for students and communities to work together through mutually beneficial partnerships to achieve shared goals.
In addition, a direct and close inter-relationship between and among the activities and goals of the ULCSS is anticipated. For example, peer mentors undoubtedly will be involved in the writing centre and math help centre. Pilot projects will be encouraged, such as a pilot in electronic portfolio development for students and a new program in tutor training and certification with organized peer-mentor study groups.
To achieve its goals, the ULCSS will need to find ways to work in cooperation with the many existing support services including those reporting to the Associate Vice-President Student and Enrolment Services such as Disability Services, the International Students Office, the Aboriginal Student Centre, Student Employment Centre, etc as well as other offices such as ESL services, Library Services, which will continue to operate outside the ULC's direct sphere of activity. The best way to coordinate activities between the ULCSS and these other areas in the short term is to ensure there is a coordination role at the Director level, as well as to gain awareness of their services and to provide a referral service (a portal) to the various campus services for students.
2. Supporting Teaching-Career Development for Faculty, Graduate Students, & Instructional Staff
The GMCTE was initiated to support faculty in these areas. Additional resources, expanding the mandate of the GMCTE, and pursuing broader goals enables those engaged in teaching at the University to have better access to resources and to develop a community of practice to ensure their continued professional development as teacher-scholars. Media consulting, technology training, collegial support, course development workshops and academic programming and design will support these developments. The ULC then will house the GMCTE with such an expanded mandate.
3. Supporting Curricular and Program Development and Innovation
A natural progression beyond instructional development is curricular development and program design and innovation. As colleges and departments reflect on new approaches to teaching, the ULC will serve as a centre for exchanging ideas on emerging teaching and learning strategies and encouraging and supporting problem based learning, active learning, setting learning outcomes and assisting with program and curricular revision. Continuing research in techniques, opportunities provided by new technologies, and changing student needs promise increasing latitude in curricular and programmatic approaches. Distributed options, group learning, and complementing core student achievements further push and pull the need for curricular reform. New directions such as problem-based learning, blended learning environments, outcomes-based program assessment, incorporating research into undergraduate curricula, and instruction based on communities of practice are just a few examples of innovations that need to be considered in our local context.
The mandate of the GMCTE will be expanded to provide a new consultancy initiative in innovative instructional design and curriculum/program development. This consultation service will be a key place for departments, colleges, and individual faculty members contemplating curricular or program re-design to discuss ideas, learn about new trends elsewhere, and generally obtain guidance and advice. This service would be undertaken by seconding selected faculty members into the ULC, some on a full time, and some on a part-time basis. Three faculty members, including the Director, will work full time in the GMCTE. They will need to have an academic home in some college for tenure and promotion purposes, but would be fully funded by and permanently seconded to the ULC. For the part-time secondments, colleges would be encouraged (paid) to provide some relief from normal duties to selected faculty members so that they can spend part of their time in the ULC to offer these consultancy services to other faculty and to departments or colleges. This consultancy would also take the form of providing advice, guidance, and greater academic credibility for activities undertaken by the GMCTE. It is envisaged that one or two faculty members per term with one or two course teaching reductions (or equivalent) would be seconded to assist with this activity in the GMCTE.
4. Facilitating Research and Scholarly Work
In order to lead us toward innovation in teaching and learning, it is important for the University to engage in more research related to teaching and learning in higher education. In this regard, the development of capacity for research in university teaching and learning will be encouraged by the ULC. There are pockets of activity across the institution where research in discipline-specific instruction occurs, and where more general research in higher education is conducted. The Centre for Distributed Learning is one example. Offering an umbrella for more general research activity on the subject of university teaching and learning is an important role of the ULC.
5. Supporting Access to Learning Resources
On-line resources in support of teaching and learning are not scarce; in fact there is a problem of resource overload facing learners and teachers. Locating quality resources appropriate to individual needs is a critical problem that needs to be solved. Help desks, both physical and virtual, provide a good means to combat the resource overload problem. We need to further consider best practices in learning management systems and how to make best use of existing opportunities such as PAWS course tools and WebCT. The notion of a "one-stop referral service" for locating useful resources is an appropriate model.
Efforts by the Library (and others) to develop a campus repository of learning objects, efforts by DMT to develop a repository of media artifacts, and efforts by the USSU to develop a repository of student-specific and course-specific resources are important steps in this area. The ULC will act as an advocate for such projects and as a knowledge-broker for linking expertise across the campus in areas related to building repositories of knowledge resources.


text:
Revere Story: A Historic Hotel in Boston
One For the History Books
The vision for Revere Hotel was meticulously orchestrated by world-renowned BBGM Interiors and the hotel's design team. BBGM designers strove to realize the full potential that existed within each space and transform it to embody the character and soul that encompass the Revere brand.
Revere Hotel has developed unique partnerships with a handful of celebrated local brands and organizations. From skoah bath products to uniforms designed by MassArt, the rich flavors of Boston can be found in nearly every facet of our hotel. Learn more about our local partnerships.
As our historic hotel in Boston continues to develop, we anticipate that it will only add to the area's history. If you'd like to come along for the ride as we forge a new path in Boston hospitality, sign up for our newsletter.


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DNR To Host Dr. Martin L. King, Jr. Holiday Program
Annapolis, Md. (January 6, 2011) — The Maryland Department of Natural
Resources (DNR) Office of Fair Practices will hold a 2011 Dr. Martin L. King,
Jr. holiday program at 12 p.m. on January 12. in the Tawes Building, 580 Taylor
Avenue, Annapolis, Md. The public is invited to attend and the event is free of
The keynote speaker will be Garland Nixon, a Natural Resources Police Major who retired after 27 years of service to DNR. He is now an Adjunct Professor of Criminal Justice at Anne Arundel Community College. He also hosts a radio talk-show on WPFW 89.3 FM called "The Raucous Caucus" and cable television show on Montgomery County Cable Channel 16 called "The Edge of Garland Nixon." Nixon will deliver a message on the lifetime contributions and legacy of Dr. Martin L. King, Jr.
Additionally, DNR will share a proclamation from Governor O'Malley, the DNR Office of Fair Practices will give the 2011 Dr. Martin L. King, Jr. Drum-Major for Justice award to DNR employee Vincent O. Leggett for outstanding contributions to Environmental Justice and Civil Rights, and DNR will present the Office of Fair Practices Outstanding Support awards to four DNR employees. For more information, contact Richard Allen at 410-260-8058.
|January 6, 2011
Contact: Josh Davidsburg
The Maryland Department of Natural Resources is the state agency responsible for providing natural and living resource-related services to citizens and visitors. DNR manages nearly one-half million acres of public lands and 17,000 miles of waterways, along with Maryland's forests, fisheries and wildlife for maximum environmental, economic and quality of life benefits. A national leader in land conservation, DNR-managed parks and natural, historic and cultural resources attract 11 million visitors annually. DNR is the lead agency in Maryland's effort to restore the Chesapeake Bay, the state's number one environmental priority. Learn more at www.dnr.maryland.gov


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« Exit photo gallery
Life and career of Norman Schwarzkopf
A U.S. official says retired Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf, who commanded the U.S.-led international coalition that drove Saddam Hussein's forces out of Kuwait in 1991, has died. He was 78.
General Norman Schwarzkopf (left) and Iraqi Lieutenant-General Sultan Hashim Ahmed salute each other following their ceasefire and surrender term meetings during the The Persian Gulf War in Safwan, Iraq March 3, 1991.(Photo: Reuters)
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Sorry, there are no current plans to re-stock this product. Instead, please consider some of our similar products listed below.
The wooden handle leather skipping rope. This is the 10 inch leather skipping rope designed with wooden handles.
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Click to expand
What do you think? Give us your opinion. Anonymous comments allowed.
Reply-106#3 - shlacka (01/01/2010) [-]
Vagina tester would be better, but how would that work out? Mabye if a pimp hired you to check the hoes out. But YOU would pretty much be a whore as well. Plus, I can't see someone with that job being able to mantain a healthy relationship.
Reply+4#10 to #3 - killerangel (01/01/2010) [-]
your a fagget litlte kid \
Reply+75#4 to #3 - yourociroll (01/01/2010) [-]
Are you like 12?? "Vagina tester"? Grow the **** up, That's not even funny.
Reply+22#7 to #4 - patriotpride (01/01/2010) [-]
He might as well be twelve for putting shlacka as him username. That means pussy or dick (I can't remember) in Arabic


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text: Norman Solomon: The huge imbalance of digital power now afflicting the Internet is a crucial subset of what afflicts the entirety of economic relations and political power in the United States. We have a profound, far-reaching fight on our hands, at a crossroads leading toward democracy or corporate monopoly. The future of humanity is at stake..


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Shacobia Barbee is one of two returning starters for the Lady Bulldogs.
Aug 27, 2013
ATHENS, Ga. --- The Georgia Lady Bulldogs' 2013-14 schedule, released on Tuesday, includes 17 home games with 10 weekend dates at Stegeman Coliseum.
The Lady Bulldogs will play 15 games against teams which advanced to postseason competition a year ago. In addition, the schedule also features relatively regular NCAA Tournament participants Ohio State, Georgia Tech and Rutgers, who missed out on the most recent edition of "March Madness."
"It's a very challenging schedule with 15 games against teams that reached the postseason a year ago and three more traditionally strong opponents in Rutgers, Ohio State and Georgia Tech," head coach Andy Landers said. "We definitely have our work cut out for us."
Georgia opens its slate with a six-game home stand spanning 17 days. The Lady Bulldogs host Presbyterian in their season opener on Nov. 10, with additional matchups versus Ohio State (Nov. 17) and Georgia Tech (Nov. 24) also included in the stretch.
Georgia will then trek to Atlanta to compete in Georgia State I on Nov. 29 and Dec. 1 before traveling to Nashville to face Belmont on Dec. 12. A trip to Rutgers on Dec. 21 and a home date with Illinois on Dec. 28 wrap up the Lady Bulldogs' non-conference slate.
The Lady Bulldogs open SEC play at Vanderbilt on Jan. 2 before returning to Athens to host Tennessee on Jan. 5. Georgia also hosts Texas A&M, Ole Miss, Florida and Mississippi State on Sundays. The Lady Bulldogs' three Thursday SEC home dates feature Arkansas, Kentucky and LSU. Game times for all SEC contests will be announced after the league's television schedule is announced.
"Our conference schedule has a very challenging start, but I suppose we have to play everybody sooner or later," Landers said. "We'll prepare and be ready."
Season tickets for Lady Bulldog Basketball are $40 and can be purchased online via georgiadogs.com, over the phone at 1-877-542-1231 or in person at the UGAA Ticket Office at the Butts-Mehre Heritage Hall on Monday-Friday from 8:30-4:30.
Georgia returns two starters and five additional letterwinners from last year's "Elite Eight" squad. The Lady Bulldogs were the only team in the nation to reach the "Sweet 16" and the "Elite Eight" with two freshman starters – Shacobia Barbee and Tiaria Griffin.


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George Zimmerman Verdict Reaction
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: July 14, 2013
Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law Issues Statement on
Saturday's Acquittal in the George Zimmerman Trial
"This verdict represents a tragic miscarriage of justice. We need all Americans to demand immediate actions to advance civil rights in our nation" - Barbara Arnwine, President and Executive Director.
Barbara Arnwine, President and Executive Director of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law Issues the Following Statement in Response to Today's Verdict in the George Zimmerman Trial:
"Saturday's verdict represents a tragic miscarriage of justice. No matter how you look at this situation, if it were not for the actions of Mr. Zimmerman, Trayvon Martin would still be alive with his family today. While there is no doubt that this was a difficult case for the jury, the outcome is deeply disappointing. Yet, there is still the potential for justice to be served through a civil suit brought about by Trayvon Martin's surviving family members, and also through civil rights charges being brought against Mr. Zimmerman by the Department of Justice.
As the Lawyers' Committee stated at the beginning of the trial, it is our hope that Mr. Zimmerman's case will spark a much-needed conversation and effective policies regarding racial profiling, implicit bias and our broken criminal justice system. This trial has been characterized by racial overtones from the beginning and much more work needs to be done to stamp out the ugly face of racism that still prevails in America."
The NAACP has launched a petition for the U.S. Department of Justice to open a civil rights case against George Zimmerman. The petition can be viewed here.
The Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law (Lawyers' Committee), a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization, was formed in 1963 at the request of President John F. Kennedy to involve the private bar in providing legal services to address racial discrimination. We are celebrating our 50th anniversary in 2013 as we continue our quest of "Moving America Toward Justice." The principal mission of the Lawyers' Committee is to secure, through the rule of law, equal justice under law, particularly in the areas of fair housing and fair lending; community development; employment; voting; education and environmental justice. For more information about the Lawyers' Committee, visit www.lawyerscommittee.org.


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Hang tight!
Recipe by Amanda
"Everything you love about carrot cake - the spices, the sweet and nutty flavors, the cream cheese frosting, and of course, the carrots! - is in this fast and simple lunch. I came up with this recipe while brainstorming new ways to use peanut butter (one of the staples of my vegetarian diet.) This grown-up alternative to the standard PBJ is a sandwich that thinks it's dessert!"
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cinnamon-raisin English muffin, halved
baby carrots, shredded
1 pinch
ground nutmeg
1 tablespoon
crunchy peanut butter
1 tablespoon
whipped cream cheese
1/4 cup
clover sprouts
This is my new favorite sandwich in the whole world! I love it!! I also tried using maple nut cream cheese, which is delish with this. Thanks for the awesome idea!
When I saw this recipe my first thought was this is either going to be totally awesome or completely terrible. Verdict: totally awesome! I love that its quick, easy, and healthy! All things that I'm looking for in my recipes lately, and it helps that it's also totally delicious. When I ran out of shredded carrots I tried it with (unsauced) broccoli slaw and it was just as good. It feels weird giving 5 stars to a sandwich, but it really is that good.
6 Ratings
I made this as a thick sandwich, using mayonnaise instead of cream cheese. I also tried this as an open faced sandwich, which I prefer more! Great idea for a breakfast sandwich!
just made my first carrot sandwich and it was delicious! don't say yuck until you try it!
This was very yummy! Something different and my kids (4 1/2 and 2) also really enjoyed!!! A nice alternative to PB&J!
This is my new breakfast sandwich! So delish
Great to see some different vegetarian recipes out there!
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Carrot Cake Sandwich
Serving Size: 1/1 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 1
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 297
Calories from Fat: 132
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|Stevie Allen Hubbard
|Monday, 24 February 2014 08:32
Stevie Allen Hubbard age 53 of Edmonton died Saturday February 22, 2014 at the T.J. Samson Community Hospital in Glasgow. He was the son of the late Albert and Alverta Edwards Hubbard.
He is survived by his wife Kay Hubbard of Edmonton, one brother Terry and wife Kim Hubbard of Edmonton, four sisters Jeaniene and husband Fred Shirley of Glasgow, Marcella and husband Gary Ervin of Greensburg, Teresa and husband Jack Shive of Edmonton, Stella and husband Mark Ballou of Murfreesboro, TN. Several nieces and nephews also survive. Besides his parents he was preceded in death by one son Allen Hubbard.
Funeral services will be 1:00 PM Tuesday at the Butler Funeral Home in Edmonton with burial in the Sulphur Springs Cemetery. Visitation will be Monday from 4:00 PM until 8:00 PM at the funeral home.


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent Inventor Howard A. Mayo, Jr. York, Pa.
Appl. No. 869,038
Filed Oct. 24, 1969 Patented Aug. 24, 1971 Assignee Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company Milwaukee, Wis.
WICKET GATE END SEAL FOR HYDRAULIC MACHINE 1 Claim, 3 Drawing Figs.
US. Cl 415/163, 415/216 Int. Cl F0ld 17/12 Field ofSearch ..4l5/l48l65.
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,776,107 l/l957 Willi 415/164 3,101,926 8/1963 Weber 415/164 FOREIGN PATENTS 10,710/42 9/1942 Japan 415/163 88,257 1/1937 Sweden 415/160 1,317,759 1/1963 France 415/151 Primary Examiner-Henry F. Raduazo Attorneys-John P. Hines, Robert B. Benson and Arthur M.
Streich ABSTRACT: A piston seal is slidably contained in a slot provided in the ends of the wicket gates. Means are provided to urge this piston seal into liquid sealing engagement with the adjacent hydraulic turbine stationary components. These means are preferably in the form of pressurized hydraulic fluid directed to the chamber behind the piston seal.
WICKET GATE END SEAL FOR HYDRAULIC MACHINE This invention pertains in general to wicket gates for hydraulic turbines and more particularly to a means for providing a seal between the end surfaces of the wicket gates and the turbine head cover and bottom ring.
In hydraulic turbines, it is the usual practice to utilize an annular series of movable wicket gates cooperating with the stationary head cover and bottom ring located at the ends of the gates to control the admission of water to the hydraulic turbine runner. The successive wicket gates of the series are ordinarily pivotally adjustable about parallel axes and a slight clearance is usually provided between the ends of each gate andthe adjacent stationary surfaces. When the gates are in closed position, the adjacent gates coact with each other to shut off the major portion of the water flow. However, the working clearances at the ends of the gates allow considerable water to leak from the supply into the runner chamber.
' Seals have been provided between the stationary surfaces and the ends of the wicket gates in an effort to control this leakage. However, as pressures have increased, more efficient sealing has become necessary; and it is the main object of this invention to provide an improved seal between the stationary surfaces and the ends of the wicket gates.
A further object of the subject invention is to provide a seal means between the turbine stationary components and the ends of the wicket gates which includes a piston seal slidably contained in either the stationary component or wicket gate and which is urged by pressurized hydraulic fluid into sealing engagement with the opposite member.
A further object of the subject invention is to provide a wicket gate end seal wherein a piston seal is slidably contained in a slot in the end of the wicket gates and is urged into sealing engagement with the stationary water passageway surfaces of the turbine head cover and bottom ring.
These and other objects of the subject invention will become more fully apparent as the following description is read in light of the attached drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view showing I two wicket gates in the open position;
. bine generally designated 7. The wicket gates are pivotally supported at one or both ends to the concrete foundation by means of trunnions 8 and define an annulus about the turbine runner (not shown). Each wicket gate has a general air foil configuration having a leading edge 9 and a trailing edge 11. When in the closed position the leading edge of one wicket gate contacts the trailing edge of the adjacent wicket gate ef-.
fecting a seal along the contacting vertical surfaces.
Annularstationary components 12, herein shown as sideplates, are providedin the concrete foundation adjacent opposite ends of the wicket gates. In the preferred embodiment of this invention as best shown in FIG. 2, a stepped shoulder 13 is provided at each end of each wicket gate. A plate 14 is rigidly connected to the ends of wicket gates by any conventional means such as screws 16 covering the laterally open end of the shoulder. This plate 14 and the shoulder 13 define a slot 17 in the end of each wicket gate. A piston seal 18 is slidably contained in each slot. The seal is preferably constructed of a metallic substance such as stainless steel and extends from the trailing edge 11 around the leading edge 9 beyond the point of vertical contact between adjacent gates. The piston seal and the walls of the slot 17 define a pressure fluid chamber 19 therebetween. It should be understood that if a trunnion is not employed at both gate ends, the slot 17 would preferably be machined in the gate end surface. A pressure fluid supply pipe or conduit 21 is connected to a passageway provided in the wicket gate trunnions 8. This passageway 22 is connected in fluid communication with the pressure fluid chamber 19. Pressurized fluid can then be provided through the conduit 21 into the chamber 19 to urge the piston seal l8 into liquid sealing engagement with the sideplates 12. Because the trunnions pass through the sideplates when the wicket gates are rotated, a portion of the piston seal will be always engaged with the sideplates to ensure that the piston seal does not slip out of the slot 17.
With this arrangement, is a very effective and complete seal can be provided between the ends of the wicket gates and the sideplates. Because the seals are in the wicket gates themselves rather than in the sideplates the seals are not exposed to abrasive material that flows over the sideplates when the gates are open. Also, with the seals in the gates rather than the sideplates, smaller pieces are machined and assembled thereby simplifying these operations. Furthermore, with the preferred embodiment disclosed, the seals can be applied to existing units without requiring the machining of major components of the turbine which may not in some instances be thick enough to accommodate the seals.
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. In combination with a hydraulic machine including a plurality of wicket gates having at least one trunnion pivotally supported in stationary machine components located adjacent to opposite ends of the gates, means providing a liquid seal between said stationary components and said gate ends comprising: walls defining a groove in at least one end of said gates from the leading to trailing edge thereof, said groove being open to the end and one face of said gates; a plate releasably connected to the face of said gates and overlying said groove,
- said plate and the walls of said groove defining a fluid chamber having one open end overlying the adjacent stationary component when the gates are in a closed position; said means including a seal piston slidably contained within said chamber and replacable when said plate is removed; and fluid conduit means in fluid communication with said chamber to direct pressure fluid thereto for urging said piston seal into liquid sealing engagement with one of the stationary components.
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Important Global Message
The Miami-Dade County Portal will be undergoing maintenance starting at 11 p.m. Saturday, May 3 and for all of Sunday, May 4. Intermittent outages may be experienced. We apologize for any inconvenience.
Thank you for your patience as we improve our online services.
Public Works and Waste Management
The Miami-Dade County Public Works and Waste Management Department provides waste collection and recycling services to more than 300,000 households in unincorporated Miami-Dade County and eight municipalities, including Aventura, Cutler Bay, Doral, Miami Gardens, Miami Lakes, Palmetto Bay, Pinecrest and Sunny Isles Beach.
The department engineers, constructs and maintains the County's roads, bridges, canals, sidewalks, street signs, pavement markings, traffic signals, street lights and stormwater drainage facilities. It maintains landscapes along the public rights-of-way of Miami-Dade County and also provides a mosquito control program.
Venetian Causeway project underway; west bridge closed to traffic
The demolition and replacement of the Venetian Causeway's west bascule bridge requires the closure of the bridge to vehicular, cycling and pedestrian traffic. Work started June 1, and is expected to last nine months.
Anyone traveling to and from Miami Beach should use the MacArthur or Julia Tuttle Causeways.
The east bascule bridge is closed to marine traffic to ensure vehicular traffic will be able to access and depart from the Venetian Causeway.
- See the project postcard
Next home composting workshop set for August 8
Home composting of yard waste and select kitchen waste takes materials that could wind up in a landfill and converts it into compost, a useful product for our South Florida gardens. Anything that was a plant can be composted.
The next workshop, taking place August 8 in Palmetto Bay, will teach attendees proper techniques and management.
Public hearing held on proposed increase to special taxing districts' non-ad valorem assessments
Miami-Dade County residents living in certain special taxing districts may see a proposed rate increase to non-ad valorem assessments. They include:
- Lighting taxing districts
- Security guard taxing districts
- Multipurpose / maintenance taxing districts
For more information, call 305-375-5514.
Keeping your recycling cart happy
Get a refresher on what to recycle to keep your cart happy.
- Read more about what you can and cannot recycle
Next phase of Miami Avenue Bridge project underway
The next phase of the Miami Avenue Bridge improvement project includes the installation of bicycle-friendly grating and other related work focused on the northbound lanes of the bridge.
The project is anticipated to be completed in December.
Construction work will take place Monday through Friday from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. Night and weekend activity is also possible.
How recycling makes a difference
Thanks to your enthusiastic participation, Miami-Dade County's single-stream recycling program is having quite a positive impact on our environment. Take a look at our Recycling Happy Facts and learn more about how your recycling efforts are making a difference!
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Aberdeen Caledonian Thistle Celtic Dundee United Hearts Hibernian Kilmarnock Motherwell Partick Thistle Ross County St Johnstone St Mirren
Birmingham City Blackburn Rovers Blackpool Bolton Wanderers Bournemouth Brentford Brighton & Hove Albion Cardiff City Charlton Athletic Derby County Fulham Huddersfield Town Ipswich Town Leeds United Middlesbrough Millwall Norwich City Nottingham Forest Reading Rotherham United Sheffield Wednesday Watford Wigan Athletic
WATCH: Arsenal ace Oxlade-Chamberlain angers Liverpool's Sturridge by copying his dance!
DANIEL STURRIDGE was left fuming with Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain yesterday - because he copied his dance!
The pair are currently preparing for the World Cup at a training camp in Portugal.
The Ox is chilling on a balcony with Raheem Sterling and Jordan Henderson when Sturridge emerges with his camera phone - and he didn't like what he saw.
Oxlade-Chamberlain breaks into Sturridge's trademark goal celebration to the amusement of Sterling and Henderson.
But the England and Liverpool striker hit back and told the Ox: "I'm not happy man!"
The Three Lions squad are in Portugal to get accustomed to the heat of playing in Brazil.


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Bixby Public Schools, Title VII Program serves students who have a 506 form on file. This program helps meet the educational and cultural academic needs of the Native American students who attend Bixby schools.
Anyone who is interested in becoming involved with the Title VII program is encouraged to attend a Parent-Teacher Committee meeting. Meetings are held quarterly, on the second Tuesday of the month.
The Indian Education office is located on the Bixby High School campus, 601 S. Riverview. The contact person is Tina Francis, Indian Education Coordinator, 918-366-2353 or her email address is firstname.lastname@example.com.
A 506 form is provided for your Convenience. Please fill-out and return to Bixby Public Schools, 109 N. Armstrong, Bixby, OK 74008. Please put to the attention of Tina Francis.
506 Form
Title VII May 12, 2015 Agenda
Grant Review--Meeting will 501 S. Riverview (behind 9th Grade Center)
918-366-2353 for any questions.


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KINGSPORT — A Kingsport motorist has been arrested after allegedly approaching a public works crew — which he perceived to be blocking his way on a city street — and saying he was "going to start busting some heads."
When later confronted by police the man reportedly warned, "You will have to kill me to take me back to jail," adding that a worker had threatened him with a shovel. He was ultimately arrested without incident and charged with aggravated assault, due to arming himself with a tool during the confrontation with workers.
A report at the Kingsport Police Department says the incident began at approximately 10:10 Tuesday morning. City employees were using a backhoe to clean ditches along a narrow section of Stapleton Drive, temporarily blocking the roadway.


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Zenit St. Petersburg taught Torpedo Moscow a harsh lesson about the reality of life in the Russian Premier League by thrashing the newcomers 8-1 at the Petrovsky Stadium.
Torpedo suffered a 4-1 defeat across the capital at CSKA Moscow on the opening day but Andre Villas-Boas' Zenit had more sinister plans for the side that won the promotion play-off last season.
Igor Smolnikov (26), Jose Salomon Rondon (33) and Hulk (36 penalty) made it a first half to forget for Moscow and there was more to come after the break.
Rondon (47) and Hulk (54) converted braces before Oleg Shatov (62) and substitute Aleksandr Kerzhakov (72 pen and 78) completed the rout.
Dmitri Aidov scored a consolation goal from the penalty spot with four minutes remaining but it was far too little, too late.
The result keeps Zenit in a share of the lead with CSKA, who were 1-0 winners at Mordovia Saransk thanks to a 79th-minute penalty from Seydou Doumbia. Terek Grozny are third in the table after a 1-1 draw with Rubin Kazan.
Ailton opened the scoring on 58 minutes but Sardar Azmoun earned Rubin their first point with an equaliser three minutes from time.


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Boil Order Issued
A boil order has been ordered by the New Brunswick Minister of Health for the municipalities of Grand Falls, and Drummond. According to K-93 radio, residents are asked to please boil water destined for consummation or preparation of milk formulas or juice. Boiling for use in cooking or dental hygiene is recommended for one full minute. Unless advised by the health department other domestic use should be fine. Residents can take showers and bathe, but must refrain from swallowing the water.. Dishes and clothes can be washed with tap water, by hand or machine, unless advised otherwise by the health minister.
Category: News


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Media Advisory
Salazar to Make Fourth Trip to Alaska as Secretary of the Interior
Will Visit North Slope, NPR-A, Anchorage as part of three-day swing
Contact: Blake Androff (202) 208-6416
WASHINGTON, DC – Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar is scheduled to make his fourth trip to Alaska in the coming days as part of the Obama Administration's ongoing commitment to the state and its people.
On August 11 and 12, Salazar will tour the North Slope and the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska where he is expected to discuss issues regarding resource development and public lands management with local elected leaders and stakeholders.
On Monday, August 13, Salazar will hold a press conference in Anchorage to wrap-up his three-day visit. Salazar will be joined by Bureau of Land Management Acting Director Mike Pool.
|Secretary Salazar Media Availability on Alaska Visit
|Monday, August 13, 2012
10:00 a.m. AKDT
|Ken Salazar, Secretary of the Interior
Mike Pool, Acting Director, BLM
|Department of the Interior Office
1689 C Street, Suite 100
Anchorage, AK 99501
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Salazar to Mark Completion of First Wind Farm on Public Lands in Nevada, Deliver Keynote at National Clean Energy Summit
Salazar to Mark Completion of First Wind Farm on Public Lands in Nevada, Deliver Keynote at National Clean Energy Summit


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Window Genie is committed to customer satisfaction & professionalism in the Louisville area & surrounding communities. With world class training and service standards, you will feel safe knowing our uniformed technicians will take great pride in caring for your home or office. Every Window Genie franchise is locally owned and operated. Your local Window Genie carries full insurance, is bonded and uses only the best equipment and materials available in today's market.
Window Cleaning | Window Tinting | Pressure Washing | Gutter Cleaning
If you're like most Louisville homeowners, you don't clean windows.Window cleaning is time consuming and often times difficult or dangerous to do. With our 3-step cleaning process, the streak-free window cleaning is done for you. No drips, no ladders! Be sure to ask about our Window Care™ program where you receive discounts on frequency and keep your windows clean year-round.
Many of our customers in the Louisville area have chosen to enhance their view, protect their floors and furniture from fading while adding an extra layer of security to their homes with window film. Window Genie offers some of today's most recognized brands that can do almost anything to your windows. Whether you're looking for a colored tint, a natural look or a high-performance window film, we have a product to fit your need. We're fully insured, and consultations are always free.
A build-up of dirt, grime and mildew can be detrimental to the look and value of your home. A dirty house is not only unsightly but permanent damage can occur without proper maintenance. Whether you're looking to clean your home's siding, concrete driveway, sidewalk, wood or composite deck, you're in good hands as Window Genie of Louisville sets the standard for pressure washing services. Not only will we thoroughly clean your home with commercial-grade equipment and cleaners, these surfaces will stay cleaner, longer. Window Genie is committed to delivering the best in professionalism and customer satisfaction.
You can feel safe knowing all Window Genie technicians have been thoroughly trained, are bonded and insured for your safety and peace of mind. Pick up the phone today and put the Genie to work for you!


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The Iceman The true story of Richard Kuklinski, will be made into a movie the notorious contract killer and as family man. Another film about Kuklinski, based on Philip Carlo's book The Ice Man: Confessions of a Mafia Contract Killer, is in development.In the Past HBO ran The Iceman – Confessions of a Mafia Hitman (2002) and The Iceman Tapes: Conversations with a Killer (1992) documentaries on , Richard Kuklinski.
James Franco as Robert "Mr. Softee" Pronge Michael Shannon as Richard Kuklinski


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TORONTO - Three things we learned Wednesday night in the Red Sox' 5-2 loss to the Blue Jays:
1) It's not easy being John Farrell these days.
Farrell is managing a team that is already hopelessly out of playoff contention and that harsh reality hangs over the club like a black cloud.
When Farrell uses Junichi Tazawa for the fourth time in five days, social media - and the media covering the team - scream that he's putting a pitcher in jeopardy for a game that doesn't have any real consequence.
It's the same when it comes to using Koji Uehara, who's enduring a rough stretch.
But Farrell is still charged with winning games - even if the team is all but eliminated from the race - and having a competitive team on the field.
He can't simply throw in the towel the rest of the way and act - and manage - as of these games don't matter. Because they do - to him, to his players and for many fans.
To act otherwise, to disregard their significance, is to invite disaster in the final month and infecting the organization with an indifference that could impact the team's ability to compete down the road - when the games really WILL mean something.
2) The loss of Andrew Miller is felt more and more each day.
Most of the post-deadline attention understandably focused on what losing three veteran starters (Jon Lester, John Lackey and Jake Peavy) would mean for the Red Sox over the final two months.
But not having Miller in the bullpen has created some fallout, too.
On Wednesday night, Farrell wanted a lefty in the seventh after starter Joe Kelly allowed a leadoff double to Edwin Encarnacion. Farrell called on Tommy Layne.
Layne allowed a single to Dioner Navarro and the inning unraveled from there.
If Miller were still here, Farrell would have another option to match up against lefties. Moreover, Miller would present another set-up option in high-leverage, late-inning situations.
Alas, Miller is gone, forcing Farrell to rely on largely unproven lefties for matchups, to say nothing of using Tazawa four times in the span of five days while the team played a series of close games.
3) The Red Sox aren't done looking at Cuban players.
Exactly a week after they reached an agreement for $72.5 million with Rusney Castillo, the Sox will have scouts in attendance Friday when two more Cubans display their talents.
First baseman Jozzen Cuesta, 25, and left-hander Misael Siverio will hold a showcase in Jupiter, Florida, and the Sox will be represented.
Cuesta is an intriguing option for the Sox since he's a power-hitting first baseman and the Sox are thin on power at the position.
Whether they'd be willing to sink another big investment into an unknown player is unclear.
Still, the success of Yasiel Puig, Yeonis Cespedes and Jose Abreu - to say nothing of the interest generated by Castillo - has ensured that we have only just begun to see the flood of players from Cuba seeking big league riches.
The Red Sox' big-market resources similarly guarantee that they'll be players for such talent - when they're interested.


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Welcome to the Paradise Inn.
Find great deals on quality hotels & resorts in Paradise Cove California, or indulge at one of our luxury resorts. Take advantage of the many amenities that can be included with your stay such as in-room internet access, wifi, room service, fitness center, pool, hot tub, steam room, and shuttle services to and from the airport. Browse our hotels and resorts in Paradise Cove California and plan your Paradise Cove California vacation today!


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Video: Shaved Ice at Wooly's Ice
It's hot and all you want is something to cool you down that won't weigh you down. Enter Wooly's Ice. Danny Che, David Sat, and Kenneth Sa are the founders of Wooly's Ice, a Taiwanese and Hawaiian shaved ice stand currently at the South Street Seaport. More


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>Crescent City California News, Sports, & Weather | The Triplicate
RSS feed of all adsRSS feed for: Garage Sales
CALL BY 10 A.M. to get your ad in the next day's paper! 464-2141 Del Norte Triplicate ...
Crescent City, 140 Victory Ln., Sat., 8/1, 8am-2pm. TVs, chest, antiques, clothes, & lots of everything. ...
FREE MAPS! Our Map of Del Norte County is available. Pick yours up today at the Triplicate and let us help you with your garage sale travels. ...
Reach all of Crescent City and Del Norte County with your items to sell.
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The Gamecocks picked up commitment number three today when Goose Creek linebacker/defensive end Gerald Turner decided to commitment to South Carolina.
Turner was in town today for the Gamecocks' scrimmage this morning and decided to go ahead and commit to the Gamecocks. Turner was being recruiting by South Carolina, Clemson and North Carolina before choosing the Gamecocks.
According to TheBigSpur.com, Turner is going to be used in a role similar to what the Gamecocks did with Eric Norwood. Turner has the ability to play linebacker or defensive end in certain formations so he should give USC some versatility in the future when he comes to school. He's got good size already in high school standing 6'1" tall and weighing about 240 pounds.
Turner is a three-star recruit on the 247sports.com database and has an overall rating of 87.
Welcome to the Gamecock family Gerald Turner!


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Accommodations near Foxwoods Casino are listed below ordered by distance (closest at the top). Use our search tools to find cheap hotel rates near Foxwoods Casino (West Miami FL) for your upcoming individual or group travel.
Foxwoods Casino is located at 117 Majorca Ave.
We show the best motels and hotels close to Foxwoods Casino so you can review the West Miami FL lodging options below and discover the perfect hotel. Need 5+ Rooms for a group? Book a West Miami FL group hotel rate
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