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Free-flowing, phosphate ester compositions for post addition to detergents are provided which comprise a homogeneous mixture of ethoxylated higher alkyl mono- and di- esters of phosphoric acid and including a mixture of mono- and di- lower alkyl esters of phosphoric acid in combination with finely divided silica having a surface area of over 10 square meters per gram. These compositions are useful additives for detergent compositions to give them a laundry softening capability.
1. A free flowing particulate phosphate ester composition useful as an additive for particulate detergents to impart to them laundry softening properties which comprises a homogeneous mixture of 0.1 to 4 parts of R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)m PO(OM)2 wherein R1 is a higher alkyl of 14 to 20 carbon atoms, m is from 1 to 6 and M is an alkali metal or ammonium, 0.1 to 3 parts of [R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)m ]2 -POOM, 0.1 to 2 parts of R2 OPO(OM)2 wherein R2 is alkyl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms and 0.1 to 1 part of (R2 O)2 POOM, said mixture of phosphate esters having a melting point and/or softening point lower than 45° C. and from 0.1 to 5 parts of finely divided silica, having a surface area of oven ten square meters per gram with the amount of silica present being from 5 to 100% the total amount of the mentioned phosphate esters.
2. A phosphate ester composition according to claim 1, wherein the proportions of R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)m PO(OM)2 to [R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)m ]2 POOM and of R2 OPO(OM)2 to (R2 O)2 -POOM are from 4:1 to 2:3 and the proportion of the total of R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)m PO(OM)2 and [R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)m ]2 --POOM to the total of R2 OPO(OM)2 and (R2 O)2 POOM are from 0:1 to 1:1, and the silica is of an average particle size less than 0.02 micron and has a surface area greater than 50 sq. meters per gram.
3. A phosphate ester composition according to claim 2 which comprises a homogeneous mixture of 0.5 to 2 parts of R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)m PO(OM)2, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of [R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)m ]2 POOM, 0.2 to 1 part of R2 OPO(OM)2 and 0.2 to 0.5 part of (R2 O)2 POOM, R1 is higher alkyl of 16 to 18 carbon atoms, m is 1 to 4, M is sodium and R2 is of 7 to 9 carbon atoms, and the silica is a fumed amorphous silica and is present to the extent of 20 to 70% of the total amount of the mentioned phosphate esters.
4. A free flowing particulate detergent composition comprising 5-40% synthetic organic detergent and 20-70% builder salt therefor in substantially homogeneous particulate form and a phosphate ester composition of claim 1 distributed evenly through the detergent particles, with the particle sizes of the phosphate ester composition and the detergent composition being within the range of 6 to 200 mesh and the proportion of such compositions being from 1:100 to 1:10 ester composition; detergent composition, said synthetic organic detergent being selected from the group consisting of anionic sulfonates, nonionic, amphoteric synthetic organic detergents and soaps.
This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 378,882 filed July 13, 1973 now abandoned.
This invention relates to the conversion of poorly flowing soft or pasty phosphate ester softening additives for particulate detergent compositions to particles which may be added to such compositions to give them a laundry softening capability without adversely affecting flowability of the detergent. More particularly, such conversion is effected by making a homogeneous aqueous mixture of the phosphate ester softener or a mixture of such softeners with finely divided silica and drying such mixture, usually at elevated temperature.
It has recently been discovered that phosphate esters and mixtures thereof, especially if ethoxylated, are useful additives for detergent compositions to impart softening properties to washed laundry or textiles. This has made it possible for detergents to be produced which do not require special addition of softening compositions in the rinse water nor applications of softener to the laundry in an automatic laundry dryer. Thus, by the use of these new compositions a much more convenient application of softener to the laundry may be effected. Other softening materials, such as cationic softeners, including the quaternary ammonium salts, e.g., distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, have been added to detergent compositions in substantial proportions so that some thereof will be deposited on the laundry in the wash cycle in the presence of the detergent, to obviate the need for addition of the softener in the rinse water. Yet, such materials tend to diminish the detergency of the composition and sometimes can cause a yellowing of the wash. On the contrary, the present phosphoric esters improve detergency, do not adversely affect foaming abilities of the composition and do not spot, stain or discolor the wash.
Although possessed of many advantages for detergent composition use many phosphate ester softening additives are often soft or pasty, especially when in mixture or in acid form and this poor physical condition adversely affects the properties of detergent compositions containing them. For example, when spray dried the phosphate esters seem to migrate to the surfaces of the beads and cause them to be "lazy" or poorly flowing. On storage, there is some tendency toward tackiness and caking. Therefore, the spray drying of detergent compositions containing the phosphate ester softening additives has been avoided. While powdered compositions, usually very finely divided, have been fairly satisfactory, with the phosphate esters being distributed throughout the finely divided particles so as to minimize the effects of migration and make them flow better, nevertheless sometimes there can be a tendency to caking or lazy flow in granulated compositions, especially if they are stored for a lengthy period. The present invention overcomes this disadvantages and allows the production of desirably sized particulate detergent compositions containing the phosphate esters in such form that the detergents are attractive in appearance, freely flowing, not tacky and without objectionable tendencies to lump or cake in the box during storage.
In accordance with the present invention a free flowing particulate phosphate ester composition useful as an additive for particulate detergents to impart to them laundry softening properties comprises a homogeneous mixture of 0.1 to 4 parts of R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)m PO(OM)2 wherein R1 is a higher alkyl of 14 to 20 carbon atoms, m from 1 to 6 and M is an alkali metal or ammonium, 0.1 to 3 parts of [R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)m ]2 POOM, said mixture of phosphate esters having a melting point and/or softening point lower than 45° C. and from 0.1 to 5 parts of finely divided silica, with the amount of silica present being from 5 to 100% the total amount of the mentioned phosphate esters. For best flow results the silicas employed are amorphous, preferably pyrogenic silicas of high unit surface areas. Such compositions may be made by mixing the various components in an aqueous medium and drying it, during which procedure acidic phosphate esters may also be neutralized.
The active detersive and softening phosphoric esters are R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)m PO(OM)2, designated (I), wherein R1 is a higher alkyl of 14 to 20 carbon atoms, m is from 1 to 6 and M is an alkali metal or ammonium and [R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)m ]2 POOM (II). Of these compounds it is considered that the diester is more effective as a softener and the monoester is a more powerful detergent. However, the combination appears to be especially useful and both products possess detersive and softening properties. Additionally, although essentially non-foaming they do not interfere with the foaming of anionic detergents with which they may be formulated. In addition to the polyethoxylated esters mentioned, there will usually be present with these, alkyl phosphates of formulas R2 OPO(OM)2 (III) and (R2 O)2 POOM (IV). These help to disperse and solubilize the polyethoxy phosphoric esters and facilitate their manufacture and use. The useful softening detergent in which the fabric softening phosphoric esters are desirably formulated may contain from 0.1 to 5%, preferably 0.5 to 2% of I, 0.1 to 3% preferably 0.5 to 1.5% of II, 0.1 to 2%, preferably 0.2 to 1% of III and 0.1 to 1%, preferably 0.2 to 0.5% of IV. Preferred ratios of I:II and III:IV are 4.1 to 2:3, preferably 2:1 to 1:1, and 9:1 to 1:1, preferably 4:1 to 3:2 for the total of I and II to the total of III and IV. In these compounds R1 is preferably higher alkyl of 16 to 18 carbon atoms, m is preferably 1 or 2 to 4, M is preferably sodium and R2 is preferred to be of about eight carbon atoms and most preferably is 2-ethylhexyl. Acid forms of the phosphoric esters, if employed, will normally be converted to sodium salts during the production of the ester-silica composition by neutralization with a base. Although R2 is usually of about 8 carbon atoms, it may be alkyl of 6 to 10 carbons, preferably of 7 to 9.
The finely divided silica, which apparently functions to sorb the phosphate esters or otherwise to improve their flow properties, is an inert product with a high surface area per unit volume and correspondingly, is of small sorbent particles which may appear under the microscope to be porous. Usually, the very finely divided silicas will have surface areas of at least ten square meters per gram, preferably over 50 sq. m. per gram and sometimes as much as 500 or 1,000 sq. m. per gram. Particles sizes can range from as little as 0.001 micron to 50 microns but will preferably be in the 0.002 to 1 micron range and most preferably 0.002 to 0.1 micron in diameter. Of course, particles of mixed sizes are utilized and the figures can be only averages.
Although some crysatlline silicas may be present, to obtain best sorption the silica should be amorphous. Colloidal silicas in the forms of aerogels and xerogels are useful but it is preferred to employ those which are characterized as fumed or pyrogenic silicas, such as the Cab-O-Sils, of which the types designated M-5 and H-5 are especially useful. Such will normally be of diameters in the range of 2 to 20 millimicrons. Descriptions of methods for the manufacture of such silicas are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,886,414 and 3,391,997. Other useful silicas which may be interchanged with the Cab-O-Sil types, sometimes in partial replacement thereof, are those known as QUSO silicas, manufactured by Philadelphia Quartz Company, and Degussa silicas, such as those sold under identification silica K-322-S. Whatever the specific type of silica employed it is important that it be sorbent, of high volume/weight ratio and that it should be cooperative with the phosphoric ester mixture to sorb it, convert it to particulate form and make it free flowing. Usually, better results in these respects are obtained when the silicas are of particle sizes of 0.002 to 0.1 micron and of area to weight ratios of from 10 square meters per gram to 500 sq. m./g., with best results from using particles of diameters less than 0.02 micron and surface areas over 50 sq. m./g. However, it has been found that when silica is produced in situ, as from soluble silicators in an aqueous medium in which the phosphate esters are dispersed or dissolved, preferably in dissolved salt form, useful sorption of the esters is obtained despite the fact that the silica particles may be somewhat larger, sometimes being as much as 50 to 100 microns in diameter.
Although the individual silica particles may be micron or sub-micron sized they can and usually will be agglomerated or otherwise increased in particle size so as to form visible, dust-free particles, together with phosphoric ester, which may be blended with detergent composition particles to make usable softening laundry detergents in desired particulate form. When the free flowing particulate phosphate ester compositions are made by the preferred methods of this invention, by drying of an aqueous suspension of the mixed esters and silica (or silicate which is converted to silica) the particles will normally be in the 6 to 200 mesh range (3.36 mm. to 74 microns) preferably 6 to 170 mesh (3.36 mm. to 105 microns) and most preferably 8 to 140 mesh (2.38 mm. to 105 microns), U.S. Standard Sieve Series. If particles are outside this range, they may be screened or further agglomerated or reprocessed so that they become about the same size as the detergent composition particles with which they are to be blended. If necessary, oversize particles may be size-reduced and screened.
Although the only required materials in the particulate softening agent composition are the phosphoric esters and the silica, other detergent composition constituents may be present, if desired. However, except for colorants these will not normally be present because the more components in the softener the less freedom there is to formulate detergent compositions of different types since the ratios of the various ingredients present with the softener esters and silica would be fixed.
The proportion of silica to phosphoric ester mixture will normally be as low as possible to make a usefully flowing product. This will depend somewhat on the softening point of the phosphate ester mix but generally will be in the range of 5 to 100% of the content of esters I and II, normally somewhat more when esters III and IV are present. Thus, when the ester mix softening point is less than 45° C. and 0.1 to 4 parts I are present with 0.1 to 3 parts of II the silica content will be from 5 to 100% of the total of I and II. Similarly, when there are also present with I and II other esters III and IV of the types previously described to the extent of 0.1 to 2 parts and 0.1 to 1 part, respectively, the same range of silica contents is useful but to compensate for the additional esters the silica content may be desirably increased by from 10 to 50% (silica weight basis). A preferred proportion of silica, especially when it is fumed amorphous silica of sub-micron particle sizes, e.g., 0.001 to 0.1 micron, utilized with preferred softener compositions comprising 0.5 to 2 parts of I, 0.5 to 1.5 parts II, 0.2 to 1 part of III and 0.2 to 0.5 part of IV, is from 20 to 70%, most preferably 20 to 40% of the total phosphate ester softener content.
The various detergent compositions with which the flowable softening phosphoric esters may be blended include a wide variety of such products, encompassing virtually all the commercial detergents now on the market, which cause a hardening or stiffening to some extent of laundry washed with them. Thus, those based on anionic, nonionic or amphoteric synthetic organic detergents or soaps built with inorganic or organic builder salts may be blended with the free flowing softening particles of this invention. In such detergents the builder content will normally be from 20 to 70% and the active detersive ingredient will be from 5 to 40% with fillers, adjuvants and moisture also being present. Generally the proportion of filler, preferably sodium sulfate, will be from 5 to 50% while moisture will constitute from 2 to 15% and adjuvants from 1 to 10%, except for sodium perborate in bleaching detergents, which may be up to 30% of the detergent beads.
Preferred detergent compositions to be blended with the present softeners are those comprising from 2 to 20% of sodium linear higher (C10-15) alkyl benzene sulfonate and 10 to 50% of a builder salt such as pentasodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium citrate, sodium gluconate, disodium 2-hydroxyethyl iminodiacetate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or other suitable builder salt. In such compositions and with other detergents the proportion of ester composition to detergent composition will usually be in the 1:100 to 1:10 range, preferably 1:50 to 1:7. At such proportions, even if the ratio of silica employed is lower than dried to make prefectly free flowing softener beads the major proportion of freely flowing detergent particles surrounding the softener particles will prevent poor flow, lumping or tackiness in the ultimate product.
The method by which the present compositions are made is important in helping to obtain a desirable homogeneous distribution of the softening compounds and silica. Although it is possible to obtain improvement in flowability of the phosphoric esters by admixing them "dry" with finely divided silica, preferably in a high energy mixer or mixer-grinder such as a micropulverizer, with the softening compound in a liquid state, better penetration of the softener into the silica and greater improvements in flow characteristics result when the phosphoric esters are in solution (or suspension) in an aqueous or other liquid medium of comparatively low surface tension and are admixed with the finely divided silica, preferably in the form of a slurry, which is then dried and size reduced, if necessary. With the 0.1 to 4 parts of I, 0.1 to 3 parts of II and 0.1 to 5 parts finely divided silica, which is 5 to 100% of the total amount of the mentioned phosphate esters, there will usually be present from 0.1 to 100 parts of water. Such a range of moisture contents is also applicable when additional phosphoric esters III and IV are present to the extent of 0.1 to 2 parts and 0.1 to 1 part, respectively. Normally it will be preferable that the moisture content is at least 50 % of the solids content of the composition being mixed and less than 400% thereof. However, sufficient water should be present to form a workable slurry or solution and usually no more water will be employed than necessary to do this because most of it has to be removed in a drying operation.
In a preferred process, 2 to 10 parts of water and about 1 to 3 parts of phosphate ester mixture comprising 0.5 to 2 proportions of I, 0.5 to 1.5 proportions of II, 0.2 to 1 proportion of III and 0.2 to 0.5 proportion of IV, with silica present to the extent of 20 to 70% of the total amount of the mentioned phosphate esters, are mixed in conventional crutching or mixing equipment under vigorous agitation for a period of from 1 to 10 minutes after which it is dried at an elavated temperature. Shorter mixing times may be employed when special micropulverizing or homogenizing equipment is used. Normally, to promote solution, the mixture will be at a elevated temperature, e.g., 40° to 80° C., but this is not essential. After completion of mixing and production of a homogeneous slurry or solution-dispersion, the product may be dried with conventional equipment, such as a drum or tray dryer. Also useful are flash vaporizing dryers and spray dryers. The drying temperature is usually about 80° to 120° C., with drying gas or heat transfer surfaces being from 80° to 300° C. Drying is usually to 2 to 15% moisture content, preferably 3 to 10%. The product made may be screened to the desired particle size ranges previously mentioned or may be size reduced and screened. If too small, conventional agglomeration techniques may be employed to produce the final particles of desired size range distribution.
Instead of initially mixing the high surface area silica and the neutralized phosphoric esters, the acid forms of the esters may be employed and neutralization may be effected in the crutcher or other mixer by employment of the stoichiometric quantity of neutralizing agent. Of the neutralizing agents, sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution is preferred, usually as a 40 to 50% aqueous solution, but other neutralizing agents, such as sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, pentasodium tripolyphosphate, etc., or mixtures thereof may be employed instead, in aqueous solutions. Of course, the corresponding potassium and ammonium hydroxides and salts are useful too but it has been found that the sodium salts are freer flowing and therefore, sodium bases are preferred. Instead of a stoichiometic proportion, especially when pH adjustment in the final product is useful and when pH control may be employed to stabilize the phosphoric esters, an excess or deficiency of base may also be used, usually being ±20% of the stoichiometric proportion.
In place of the very finely divided amorphous silica as a starting material it has been found that a satisfactory free flowing product can be made when the silica is produced in situ. Thus, aqueous sodium silicate solution (Na2 O:SiO2 = 2:1 to 1:3) is mixed with a dispersion of the phosphate ester softeners, in acid forms, in water and the mixture is dried at an elevated temperature, e.g., 60° to 95° C. During the drying, the silicate is converted to silica and the phosphoric esters are neutralized. Care is taken during the mixing operation to maintain especially vigorous mixing to prevent production of large crystals. For the same reason the drying preferred is film drying with film thicknesses of 0.001 to 0.1 cm. Proportions of the various reagents which are desirably employed include from 0.5 to 2 parts of the preferred mixture of phosphoric esters, in acid form, dispersed in from 50 to 200% of the weight thereof of water and admixed with 30 to 90% of the total phosphate ester weight of sodium silicate of a preferred Na2 O:SiO2 ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:2.4, which is in 50 to 500% of its weight of water. Drying temperatures and conditions are the same as those previously described but thin film drying is even more preferable for the in situ method than for that mentioned earlier.
The products made, whether by the addition of silica or in situ generation, improve the flowability of the phosphoric esters. Additionally, the manufacturing technique allows for simultaneous neutralization of the acid forms of such esters; in which they are normally available. Berol TVM-729, manufactured by Berol Aktiebolaget (Sweden) is a useful mixture of such acid forms of the various phosphoric ester softeners.
The flowable softener particles made, especially if produced from Degussa K-322-S or Cab-O-Sil M-5 or H-5 types of finely divided amorphous silicas, are much improved with respect to flowability, being almost like that of the balance of the detergent composition with which they may be incorporated. The particles of softener in such compositions do not exhibit objectionable migration of the softener to the beads' surfaces, do not lump excessively, are not tacky and do not inhibit flow of the detergent. Additionally, the silicas wash out easily from the rinse water and do not deposit on articles or textiles being laundered nor do they interfere with the desirable softening and antistatic properties of the phosphoric ester mixtures.
The following examples illustrate but do not limit the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts are by weight and all temperatures are in ° C.
EXAMPLE 1______________________________________ Kilograms______________________________________ *R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)2 PO(ONa)2 78 *[R1 O(CH2 CH2 O)2 ]2 POONa 60**R2 OPO(ONa)2 35**(R2 O)2 POONa 22 Amorphous silica (pyrogenic Cab-O-Sil 80 M-5, of particle sizes of 2-20 milli- microns and about 100-200 sq. m./g.) Water 225______________________________________ *R1 = mixed higher alkyls of 16 to 18 carbon atoms (65% C16 and 35% C18) **R2 = 2-ethyl-n-hexyl
The phosphoric ester softeners mixture is dissolved in the water at a temperature of 50° C, after which the silica is added over a period of about two minutes with vigorous stirring. While maintaining stirring, the composition is fed to trays on which it is deposited in thin layers so that the films produced on drying are about 0.05 cm. thick. The trays are placed in an oven in which the air temperature is 105° C. and when the mix is dried, are removed therefrom. After cooling to 20° C., the films are removed from the trays, size reduced and screened so as to be of particle sizes in the 8 to 100 mesh range. They are blended with particles of several commercial detergents of similar particle size range in a ratio of one part of the phosphoric ester-silica to 20 parts of the detergent (the detergent is essentially of 10 parts sodium linear dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 20 parts pentasodium tripolyphosphate, 20 parts sodium silicate (Na2 O:SiO2 = 1:2.4), 10 parts water, five parts adjuvants and the balance sodium sulfate). When products with and without the softening composition are utilized to wash cotton towels a noticeable improvement in softening with such compositions present is detectable by consumers.
In variations of the above experiment, when the Cab-O-Sil M-5 is replaced by Degussa silica K-322-S essentially the same results are obtained. In both cases flowability of the final detergent product is improved, compared to similar products in which the softening phosphoric esters are spray dried from a crutcher mix with the rest of the detergent components. Also, improvements are noted in resistance to lumping and tackiness after lengthy storage of the product.
A variation of the above experiment is conducted wherein 50 parts of water are replaced with 70 parts of 46% aqueous sodium hydroxide and the phosphoric esters are employed in their acidic forms in 70:53:31:21 relative proportions. In this procedure the phosphoric acids are dispersed in water and are neutralized by addition of the sodium hydroxide solution over a period of about ten minutes, with good agitation, after which the silica is added, following the procedure previously described. Essentially no differences are noted in the end products, the free flowing ester compositions and the detergents to which they are added, whether the Cab-O-Sil or Degussa silica is used and whether or not neutralization is effected in the mixing of the esters and the silica. Similarly, in the runs described useful products of essentially the same properties are obtainable when drying is by drum drying, flash vaporization drying, tray drying or spray drying. Final analyses of all such products, on an anhydrous basis, is 71.2% of the phosphoric esters and 28.8% of a finely divided silica. For commercial products drying is halted at about the 5% moisture level so as to avoid mass transfer of moisture between the particles, which can promote caking thereof in the boxed detergent.
The neutralization and mixing procedures of Example 1 are repeated, using a laboratory mixer to produce ten kilograms of slurry of the following formula for drying. However, in this case the sodium hydroxide is added initially to the water, followed by the phosphoric ester acids (Berol TVM-729)
______________________________________ Kilograms______________________________________NaOH (46% aqueous) 0.65Berol TVM-729 1.62Water 7.0Silica K-322-S (finely divided, 0.73 amorphous)______________________________________
After making of the neutralized slurry, using water at room temperature, it is dried on a drum dryer to a moisture content of 8%, using low pressure steam to heat the surface of the drum dryer to 90° C. The product is then cooled and pressed through a 40 mesh screen to produce the desired particle sizes. It is a free flowing composition suitable for addition to heavy duty built synthetic organic detergents to improve the softening powers thereof without diminishing flow properties. Similar effects are obtained when Cab-O-Sil H-5 or a QUSO silica of similar particle sizes and porosity is substituted for the Degussa silica.
Utilizing pilot plant equipment, including a Janke-Kunkel turbine homogenizer, five kilograms of phosphoric ester-silica slurry are prepared from 1.13 kg. of mixed phosphoric acid esters of Example 1, in acid form and 1.48 kg. of sodium silicate solution (Na2 O:Si02 = 1:2), as a 44% solution in water, after preliminary mixing of these materials with 1.2 and 1.3 kg. water, respectively. Mixing is at room temperature and neutralization and silica production occur over a period of about ten minutes, during which vigorous agitation is maintained continuously. The slurry produced is dried in a pilot plant drum dryer and some is sprayed in a pilot plant spray dryer. After cooling, the products are screened to desirable 40 mesh size and are found to be free flowing, non-tacky and suitable for incorporation in detergents. Analysis of the products shows that is contains 75% of the neutralized sodium phosphoric ester softener salts, in mixture, and 25% of silica. No hard granules of precipitated silica are noted in the product and when employed with a detergent composition to wash textiles in an automatic washing machine, no objectionable deposition of silica on the materials washed results.
In modifications of this experiment other silicates of different Na2 O:SiO2 ratios (1:1.8; 1:2.8) are employed in stoichiometric proportions to neutralize the phosphoric ester acids and produce the silica sorbent. No problems are encountered in preventing formation of large crystals and the product is of essentially the same characteristics as that made from the 1:2 material. Also, when products of this example are mixed in equal proportions with those of Example 2 and added to a heavy duty built detergent good softening and flow properties result in the product.
The invention has been described with respect to various illustrations and examples thereof but is not to be limited to them because it will be evident to one of skill in the art how modifications may be made, equivalents employed and substitutes utilized without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
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WASHINGTON - With the suspension of the morale-boosting "Operation Dear Abby" and "Any Service Member" mail programs this year, defense officials are proposing other ways Americans can demonstrate their support for the military.
WASHINGTON - Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld will depart for Moscow Nov. 2 to meet with Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov.
WASHINGTON - It takes more than just fighters and bombers to wage a successful air war, a senior DoD official said.
SPRINGFIELD, Va. - "I can tell every soldier, sailor, airman and Marine that it's our job to make sure that what comes from a contractor -- the food you eat, the clothing you wear, the weapon you shoot and the system you operate is quality and it's there on time," said Army Brig. Gen. Ed Harrington.
WASHINGTON - The United States is sensitive to allies' concerns, but it is unlikely to curtail the campaign against terrorism in Afghanistan during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, Pentagon spokeswoman Victoria Clarke said Oct. 30.
WASHINGTON - About 80 percent of the air campaign on Oct. 29 was directed against front-line Taliban and Al Qaeda forces, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld said Oct. 30.
ALEXANDRIA, Va. - Military postal officials have reluctantly ended the "Operation Dear Abby" and "Any Service Member" postal programs due to the anthrax threat.
WASHINGTON - A "modest" number of U.S. troops are on the ground supporting the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld said Oct. 30.
WASHINGTON - Forming a headquarters at the height of an international crisis is not the best way to do business, and the Quadrennial Defense Review suggested changing that situation.
WASHINGTON - DoD spokeswoman Victoria "Torie" Clarke held an impromptu Pentagon press briefing this morning to give reporters "the top line" of what happened in Afghanistan Sunday, what's being focused on today and to run down responses to rumors and speculations.
WASHINGTON - After three weeks of action in Afghanistan, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld said the war on terrorism is going well and there has been measurable progress.
WASHINGTON - Many people believe the military has "its own way of doing things" and will never change. But DoD officials are trying to debunk that thought through a program that gains military officers hands-on experience in civilian corporations.
WASHINGTON - After years of Taliban propaganda, the Afghan people are hearing another voice.
WASHINGTON - Pointing out that the Al Qaeda terrorist network crosses more than 50 countries, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld said the task is to go after it, and the Taliban, "until Americans can go about their lives without fear."
WASHINGTON - The U.S. Postal Service made its special "United We Stand" stamp available Oct. 24 in areas where postal officials thought it would have the most meaning.
WASHINGTON - The dean of Washington National Cathedral came to the Pentagon Oct. 25 to give DoD charities more than $30,000.
WASHINGTON - DoD must make significant changes in the structure of the department to refocus on the homeland defense mission, Army Secretary Thomas White said before the Senate Armed Forces Committee Oct. 25.
WASHINGTON - Lockheed-Martin has won the largest military contract ever, a possible $200 billion competition to build the Joint Strike Fighter.
WASHINGTON - U.S. air forces continued to hammer front-line Taliban positions, Joint Staff spokesman Rear Adm. John D. Stufflebeem told Pentagon reporters Oct. 26.
WASHINGTON - Army Secretary Thomas E. White, wearing his hat as the Defense Department's executive agent for homeland security, today announced DoD is realigning resources to better address ongoing and possible future terrorist threats to the nation.
WASHINGTON - Since the Sept. 11 terrorist strikes in New York and Washington, many Americans have been calling for the military to do more for "homeland defense."
WASHINGTON - Taliban and Al Qaeda leaders in Afghanistan are rolling out some age-old sleight-of-hand and propaganda tricks to hide their forces or to influence public opinion in their favor.
WASHINGTON - Tommy McFall was apprehensive when he walked into DoD's Family (Casualty) Assistance Center in Arlington, Va., two days after American Airlines Flight 77 slammed into the Pentagon.
WASHINGTON - The 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was outdated even before the events of Sept. 11, but the United States won't violate it to test a missile shield, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld said today.
WASHINGTON - Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld answered media reports that said the United States might not get Osama bin Laden.
WASHINGTON - The war against terrorism is a new kind of war requiring different types of tactics, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld has said.
WASHINGTON - In the third week of fighting to oust Al Qaeda terrorists and their Taliban supporters in Afghanistan, a senior DoD official today said the conflict would be a prolonged effort requiring much patience.
WASHINGTON - "We are happy, eager and willing to do what we can to help seek out and destroy the Taliban and Al Qaeda forces," Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld told reporters during an Oct. 22 Pentagon press briefing.
WASHINGTON - New Servicemembers' Group Life Insurance rules effective Nov. 1 provide free coverage for troops' children and low-cost premiums for spousal coverage up to $100,000. But what if service members don't want spousal SGLI coverage?
WASHINGTON - Some active duty and reserve component troops may qualify under federal law for extra duty pays and benefits for their contributions in the war on terrorism.
WASHINGTON - Operation Enduring Freedom troops are being flooded with messages of love, caring, concern, appreciation and encouragement from home and abroad. And they don't have to worry about dealing with suspicious-looking mail.
WASHINGTON - Military mail destined overseas will get through, but it may be delayed, said Navy Capt. Eugene DuCom, deputy commander of the Military Postal Service Agency.
WASHINGTON - Even with the extraordinary care U.S. forces take to avoid hitting civilian targets, accidents happen.
WASHINGTON - U.S. forces are striking Al Qaeda "in its entirety," said Rear Adm. John D. Stufflebeem, deputy director of operations for current readiness and capabilities at the Joint Staff.
WASHINGTON - "Everyone was distraught the day the tragedy happened because it brought back memories of what happened here on April 20, 1999," said Tania Atencio, assistant principal at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colo.
WASHINGTON - Air Force Gen. Richard Myers wasn't in the Pentagon when terrorists attacked it Sept. 11, but the event was still a nightmare for him.
WASHINGTON - B-2 Spirit bomber pilots and support crews are carrying the fight for freedom directly to terrorists in their Afghan lairs, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld told 509th Bomb Wing troops Oct. 19 at Whiteman Air Force Base, Mo.
WASHINGTON - Ground forces, including Army Rangers, operating under U.S. Central Command struck two terrorist sites inside Afghanistan Oct. 19, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff confirmed.
WASHINGTON - Fighting terrorism is the most important thing America's armed forces have been asked to do since World War II, the military's top officer said.
WASHINGTON - Defense Department officials refused during the Pentagon's daily press briefing today to confirm or deny the presence of U.S. Special Forces troops in Afghanistan.
WASHINGTON - The Defense Intelligence Agency awarded the first Defense of Freedom Medals to the families of their civilian employees who died Sept. 11 in the attack on the Pentagon.
WHITEMAN AIR FORCE BASE, Mo. - Amid news reports that U.S. ground troops are aiding anti-Taliban forces in Afghanistan, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld flew to this Missouri air base today to meet B-2 Spirit bomber pilots and support crews.
WASHINGTON - DoD will look at ways to kick- start U.S. production of anthrax vaccine that, up to now, has been manufactured by just one company in Michigan, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld said today.
WASHINGTON - U.S. and allied air strikes against terrorist targets in Afghanistan are having continued effect on terrorists, said Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld.
WASHINGTON - Army Maj. Gen. Sue B. Dueitt was rushing through the Pentagon to attend a funeral at Arlington National Cemetery for a soldier killed in the terrorist attack on the Pentagon when three men stopped her.
WASHINGTON - The U.S. is using power in ways today that military tacticians never thought of before. And it's all aimed at reaching the nation's objectives of destroying the instruments of power the Taliban uses to support Osama bin Laden's Al Qaeda terrorist network, said Navy Rear Adm. John D. Stufflebeem.
WASHINGTON - Men and women in uniform are the true strength of the United States, President George W. Bush told troops and their families Oct. 17.
WASHINGTON - Coalition military forces have dropped "well over 2,000" munitions in more than a week of aerial strikes on Al Qaeda and Taliban sites in Afghanistan, but U.S. military officials caution against using these numbers to "keep score" in the war on terrorism.
ALEXANDRIA, Va. - It started as a way to raise awareness, it continued as a mission to let those in New York and at the Pentagon know that America cares for them.
WASHINGTON - A group of former defense secretaries signed a letter to Congress calling for another round of base closures.
WASHINGTON - In a wide-ranging interview with Arab television, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld today explained the U.S. position in the war on terrorism and directly addressed many concerns many Muslims have about U.S. actions.
WASHINGTON - U.S. military forces dropped another 68,000 humanitarian ration packs into Afghanistan over the weekend, bringing to more than 275,000 the total delivered since military operations began in that country a week ago, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld said today.
WASHINGTON - The United States is the "irreplaceable bulwark" of freedom in the world, the Italian prime minister said at the Pentagon today.
FORT MYER, Va. - President Bush today repeated his Oct. 11 promise that service members will have every resource they need to defeat global terrorism.
WASHINGTON - About 25 U.S. military planes struck Taliban and terrorist targets in Afghanistan yesterday, as the military campaign against global terrorism enters its second week.
WASHINGTON - "Oh, my God, I didn't know that Kevin got killed!" Karen Saunders exclaimed.
WASHINGTON - DoD has suspended its requirement that services track deployment days and pay $100 per day to troops who are deployed more than 400 days in any two-year period.
WASHINGTON - How do you airdrop desperately needed food rations to Afghan refugees without the payload falling into the wrong hands or crushing the recipients?
WASHINGTON - Imagine huge, four-engine American military jets streaking over the embattled skies of Afghanistan ... dropping a payload of food instead of bombs.
WASHINGTON - Military members and DoD civilians who desire to contribute to this year's Combined Federal Campaign can locate appropriate charitable organizations with the click of a computer mouse.
WASHINGTON - DoD aggressively treats drug and alcohol abuse in family members and retirees as well as active duty service members.
WASHINGTON - It feels like a year since September 11 rather than a month. The longest day was September 11 itself.
ARLINGTON, Va. - "Wow"! "Look at the dogs!" Melvina Brown, 5, exclaimed as she rushed to pet a "therapy dog" at DoD's Family (Casualty) Assistance Center here. Her little brother, Robert Russell III, 2, eagerly followed.
WASHINGTON - The huge American flag that hung to the right of the damaged area of the Pentagon was lowered Oct. 11 and folded with full military honors.
ARLINGTON, Va. - Overcome with grief and plagued by the agony of the unknown, Lillian Lightbourn rushed from Rochester, N.Y., to Virginia. Crying and praying all the way, her sole wish was that her sister would be found alive in the rubble of the Pentagon.
WASHINGTON - Men and women, officers and enlisted, military and civilian alike shuddered and wiped away tears as the names of those killed in the terrorist attack on the Pentagon Sept. 11 scrolled along giant screens to the haunting strains of "Amazing Grace" during the Oct. 11 memorial service at the military's scarred headquarters.
WASHINGTON - Defense Department family members were truly "United in Memory" Oct. 11 as they remembered friends and co-workers lost in the attack on the Pentagon one month ago.
WASHINGTON - The Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act will lower military members' mortgage interest to 6 percent -- but only if the loan existed before the member came on active duty.
WASHINGTON - "The United States does not target civilians," Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld said when asked for comment about Taliban charges that the U.S. military was wantonly killing civilians in Afghanistan.
WASHINGTON - As military strikes continue against the Al Qaeda terrorist network and the Taliban in Afghanistan, President Bush made clear that terrorists in other countries also have been targeted.
WASHINGTON - President Bush unveiled the "World's Most Wanted Terrorist List" Oct. 10 during a ceremony at the FBI's J. Edgar Hoover Building here.
WASHINGTON - The Navy will dedicate a memorial at 10:30 a.m. Oct. 12 to the 17 sailors killed a year ago in a terrorist attack on the destroyer USS Cole.
WASHINGTON - The Pentagon will honor its military and civilian personnel killed and wounded during the Sept. 11 terrorist strike on the building.
WASHINGTON - NATO has sent five of its Airborne Warning and Control Systems aircraft from Germany to Oklahoma in a historic first.
WASHINGTON - The war against terrorism has intervened, but the answers to questions posed to Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld during an Aug. 9 Town Hall meeting in the Pentagon have debuted on DefenseLink.
WASHINGTON - U.S. Central Command officials have asked that Afghanistan, its airspace and the seas near it be declared a combat zone, DoD officials said Oct. 9.
WASHINGTON - On Sept. 24, the president launched the first strike in the global war against terrorism by attacking the financial foundations of terrorist operations around the globe. Today, the United States launched the second.
WASHINGTON - U.S. aircraft and Tomahawk cruise missiles hit 85 percent of their 31 targets during the first two days of strikes against the Al Qaeda terrorist network and Taliban support structure inside Afghanistan, DoD officials said today.
RAMSTEIN AIR BASE, Germany - Some Afghans have food today thanks in part to the efforts of roughly 66 soldiers and airmen.
WASHINGTON - National Guard and Reserve members called to active duty are being offered free 30-day membership use of Bally Total Fitness centers nationwide.
RAMSTEIN AIR BASE, Germany - The two U.S. Air Force C-17 Globemaster III transports that delivered about 35,000 Humanitarian Daily Rations over Afghanistan early Oct. 8 marked the first U.S. military airdrop of relief aid to the region and the first operational use of a new airdrop system.
WASHINGTON - Former Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Ridge today became the nation's first director of the newly created Homeland Security Office.
WASHINGTON - All U.S. aircraft participating in attacks on Afghanistan Oct. 7 returned to their bases safely, and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld called the day's missions a success.
WASHINGTON - "Like being a football player at the Super Bowl" is how one Air Force bombardier described being part of the initial wave of offensive strikes in America's war on terrorism.
WASHINGTON - Most civilian police officers, including Tim Hall of Albuquerque, N.M., come to grips with the idea of not always being welcome when they step into people's lives. But Hall is witnessing something uniquely different at his city's airport as a security forces supervisor in the New Mexico Air National Guard.
WASHINGTON - Air strikes against Taliban- held targets in Afghanistan continue, senior DoD officials said early this afternoon at the Pentagon.
WASHINGTON - In addition to attacking the Taliban regime and terrorist facilities in Afghanistan today, U.S. air operations include the delivery of some 37,000 Humanitarian Daily Rations to Afghan refugees.
WASHINGTON - Aircraft and Tomahawk missiles hammered terrorist targets in Afghanistan, DoD officials said in a Pentagon press conference today.
WASHINGTON - America is striking back.
WASHINGTON - Even before the first of 37,000 humanitarian daily rations began floating down to Afghan refugees, the United States was the largest foreign aid donor to the people of Afghanistan.
WASHINGTON - Amir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani of Qatar provided the Defense Department $1 million today to be used to assist families of victims of the Sept. 11 terrorist attack on the Pentagon.
WASHINGTON - Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz told senators that even as the war on terrorism continues, the U.S. military needs to transform to face the threats of the new century.
TASHKENT, Uzbekistan - Uzbekistan agreed Oct. 5 to allow American forces to use an airfield here and to use Uzbek air space.
CAIRO - Egypt has had its share of problems with terrorists.
WASHINGTON - U.S. Deputy Defense Secretary Paul D. Wolfowitz and Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze pledged mutual support in the fight against global terrorism at an Oct. 5 Pentagon news conference.
CAIRO - Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld met today with the Sultan of Oman, Qaboos bin Sa'id Al Sa'id.
WASHINGTON - The Marines will stand up an anti-terrorism brigade Oct. 10 at Camp Lejeune, N.C., Corps officials said Oct. 4.
WASHINGTON - U.S. military forces have been on the move since the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks on the New York World Trade Center and the Pentagon, said a defense official.
RIYADH, Saudi Arabia - U.S. and Saudi officials put on a united front here early Oct. 4 to dispel rumors that Saudi Arabia had denied a U.S. request to launch air strikes from the desert kingdom.
WASHINGTON - President Bush announced today the creation of a $320 million humanitarian assistance package for the people of Afghanistan.
WASHINGTON - "Islam is peace," President Bush said. And the United States is not against the religion of Islam, he stresses, but those who pervert the religion to support terrorism and mass murder.
WASHINGTON - The search for remains in the debris at the Sept. 11 airliner crash site at the Pentagon has ended. The FBI has stopped sifting through debris looking for evidence and remains, however, more than a third of the victims of the terrorist attack are still unaccounted for, according to Defense Department officials.
RIYADH, Saudi Arabia - Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld said he's "been struck" by the support and assistance countries around the world offered immediately after the Sept. 11th terrorist attacks in the United States.
WASHINGTON - Michael J. Aguilar was in the seventh grade when he decided he wanted to be a military pilot and fly combat missions. Only part of his youthful plan came true.
RIYADH, Saudi Arabia - Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld is not visiting the Middle East to negotiate basing or fly-over rights for U.S. troops in the war on terrorism, but to "solidify relationships."
WASHINGTON - In 14 years as the Army's Combined Federal Campaign administrator, Meta Waller raised more than $30 million, DoD officials said.
WASHINGTON - Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld is on a mission to the Middle East, his first trip there since taking office earlier this year.
WASHINGTON - The Pentagon's chief renovation official said Oct. 2 that repairs on the building stemming from the Sept. 11 terrorist attack might take more than three years to complete.
WASHINGTON - Two Pentagon civilian employees have been breaking into safes and moving some "hot paper" in the wake of the Sept. 11 terror attack on the Defense Department's headquarters.
WASHINGTON - A recently completed NATO peacekeeping mission in Macedonia, Task Force Essential Harvest, was a total success, DoD officials said.
WASHINGTON - The size of the U.S. military will remain about the same, but portions will be reconfigured to combat asymmetrical threats, according to the Quadrennial Defense Review released to Congress Sept. 30.
WASHINGTON - The Defense Department is being inundated by e-mail, cards, letters and posters, all filled with an outpouring of sympathy and concern for victims and loved ones of the Sept. 11 terrorist attack on the Pentagon, according to Janice Simms of the Defense Public Inquiry and Analysis Office.
FORT MYER, Va. - "The Ballad of the Green Berets" played as Army Gen. Henry Shelton reviewed the troops for the last time.
ARLINGTON, Va. - TRICARE for Life kicked off on schedule Oct. 1, adding 1.5 million new beneficiaries to the military's healthcare system.
WASHINGTON - They came from across North Carolina to sweat over huge steaming pots of beef stew, fresh green beans and a slew of other culinary delights to feed rescue and recovery workers at the Pentagon.
WASHINGTON - The United States will "disintegrate" the Al Qaeda terrorist network, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld said Sept. 30.
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If President Obama thinks he's got it tough , he might find comfort in this week's release of secret Oval Office recordings of Lyndon B. Johnson.
In the 33 hours of tapes from a 34-day stretch in 1964, Johnson can be heard fretting about the escalating violence in Vietnam, strategizing with Democratic allies about pushing through his domestic agenda, and deftly cajoling his political opponents.
The new recordings cover a heady and harrowing sliver of the Johnson presidency, a five-week period that included the passage of the Civil Rights Act as well as the harrowing case later depicted in the film Mississippi Burning.
But among the most striking elements of these recordings is how Johnson's political headaches seem to echo the ones bedeviling Obama today.
The tapes reveal a Johnson obsessed with finding a suitably impressive diplomat to replace a high-profile ambassador to South Vietnam, Henry Cabot Lodge -- a Republican who was considering challenging him for the presidency and had been Richard Nixon's running mate just four years earlier. After a series of legislative victories, LBJ was suddenly thrown for a loop by an unexpected turn of events, when three civil rights activists went missing deep in the heart of the segregationist South.
And in an eerie echo of Obama's fiscal nightmares, Johnson was flummoxed by Republican lawmakers who vowed to oppose raising the debt ceiling from $315 billion to $324 billion.
"Some things never change," mused Guian McKee, a historian at the University of Virginia's Miller Center and editor of latest volume of Johnson tapes.
Johnson was perplexed by Vietnam — a war he inherited from President Kennedy and one that he didn't want to lose. Similarly, Obama finds himself at crossroads as a commander-in-chief as he tries to end the war in Iraq by the end of this year and begin the drawdown of troops in Afghanistan this summer while responding to the unexpected popular uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa.
President Obama's Lodge could be the outgoing ambassador to Beijing, Jon Huntsman, a former Utah governor who is returning to Washington in a matter of days and is said to be considering taking on Obama in 2012.
And like Johnson, Obama says he's perplexed by talk from Republican lawmakers who say they may vote against raising the debt ceiling. Obama's public statements of disbelief on the subject, however, aren't quite as colorful as some of those made by 36th president in private.
"It's pure demagoguery," Johnson grumbles to the New York Times' James "Scotty" Reston during a June 1964 conversation. "Nothing you can do about it; you've got to have the debt limit.... You talk about blind opposition."
Just as Obama couldn't contain his disdain for news coverage of his birth certificate, Johnson berated the Times' famed correspondent and later columnist Reston for the paper's inaccurate report that the White House was readying to appoint Robert F. Kennedy, another LBJ rival, to the American Embassy in Saigon, now Ho Chi Minh City.
The tapes also reveal Johnson's famous political touch, a talent he honed in the Senate. A skilled parliamentarian, Johnson knew when to caress and when to cajole his opponents.
In one of the most amusing exchanges in the new recordings, Johnson manages in a matter of minutes to flatter and dress down House Minority Leader Charles Halleck, R-Ind., who acknowledges that he's holding up the president's legislative agenda because he doesn't want LBJ to score political points before the Republican National Convention.
"You oughtn't to hold up my poverty bill," Johnson curtly tells Halleck. "That's a good bill, and there's no reason why you ought to keep a majority from beating it. If you can beat it, go and beat it, but you oughtn't to hold it up."
Moments later, Johnson asks Halleck if he wants to go to the upcoming GOP convention without a Civil Rights bill in place. Halleck tells Johnson that "if you scratch me very deep," it might not be the worst idea.
"I wouldn't scratch you at all, because I want to pet you," Johnson smoothly counters in his Texas drawl.
Johnson didn't have the equivalent of Obama's birther problem, but he shows his touchiness on the tapes in response to inquiries from journalists Dan Rather and Helen Thomas about how he was spending his salary, an interest piqued after the now-defunct Washington Star published a story about the Johnson family's considerable wealth.
Annoyed by the press questioning his family finances, Johnson sarcastically suggests that his press secretary, George Reedy, tell Rather: "What do you do with your money? The president lives off of his."
For all his grousing and lamenting about his adversaries, Johnson was as tough on his own team. In the recordings, he lives up to his reputation for being occasionally crude and often outrageously blunt in his criticism -- even of his own party.
In a frank conversation with the late Sen. George Smathers, D-Fla., a confidant, he lays into the Senate Democratic leadership for its inability to derail a Republican amendment to food stamp legislation, leading to the bill he backed getting tied up in House Rules committee for another five weeks.
"George, I'm having a lot of problems, as you all can watch," Johnson said. "I don't want to say I told you, but, we just… we are inept."
To be sure, Obama's situation isn't completely analogous to Johnson's, but the tapes do offer a window into an intense period of multiple domestic and foreign crises that forced Johnson to do the sort of multi-tasking Obama is trying to manage today.
Obama might find some comfort in these tapes. Despite all of Johnson's political headaches, he would go on to a landslide victory over Republican nominee Barry Goldwater that fall.
The bad news, of course, was what came after the election for Johnson.
This article appears in the April 29, 2011 edition of National Journal Daily PM Update.


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So today it's all about:
Kopano from Sweet Evil
This book was one of those cases where I'm pretty sure I was rooting for the wrong guy. Because I completely adored Kopano. He has this incredibly intense background, but he's managed to get away from that and rise above it. Of all the Nephilim, he's the only one who seems to have a handle on controlling his temptation. Plus, he's sweet and patient. And despite his nature, he's actually kind and considerate. He showed some interest in Anna, and I really wish more would have been done with that. I mean, he can't really compare to the son of lust, but he's by far the healthier choice in this situation.
I'm not crazy. I get why someone - especially teens - go for the hot guy who's all temptation and tortured soul. Most time I prefer the bad boy - sometimes that's hard to resist. Generally I would have cheered Kaidan on through the whole book. But, I don't know. Something about Kopano got to me. I think it's that he knows how things are and he's trying to do what's best for everyone else. He's not first on his list of people to take care of. He's there to watch over everyone, keep them in check, and keep them from getting into trouble with the wrong people.
I so hope Kopano gets a bigger role in the next book, because I definitely want to see more of him.


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Full disclosure: I couldn't make it all the way through this Web-borne video from The Candie's Foundation, which touts abstinence for young people and stars Bristol Palin and Mike "The Situation" Sorrentino. I wanted to. I really did. But there were other things pressing for my attention right at that moment, like EVERYTHING ELSE I HAVE EVER SEEN, THOUGHT OR DONE, and besides, I was starting to get the kind of headache that usually indicates the onset of a subdural hematoma, although — to be fair — it may have only been a severe migraine. Nevertheless, and this is really the point I want to make, I learned a few things. Here, as a public service, is what I learned.
1) It is possible to hear the word "situation" so many times in the span of one short video that it loses even the meager amount of meaning left to it after Season 2 of Jersey Shore. (I agree with Steve Krakauer of Mediaite, who notes that "the word 'situation' literally jumps the shark somewhere in the middle of this PSA.") I'm not sure, but I think along about 1:20 Sorrentino may have actually said "Yo, I Situation the Situation of my Situation."
2) The Sitch, who has publicly expressed his desire to become an actor once Jersey Shore blips out of existence, should reconsider, because he is possibly the worst actor who ever lived. His performance in the Candie's video is the most painful 90 seconds of viewing since the Zapruder film. Although I will say this: You have to love the Method specificity of the moment when he refers to Palin getting in trouble with her "situation" and points helpfully toward her lower abdomen.
3) The Candie's Foundation is an actual thing.
4) There are too many levels of irony to parse in the video's short, awful minute and a half. What are we supposed to make of Sitch's outfit, which looks like what SNL's Festrunk Brothers would have worn for a night in the fox bars? Is this supposed to be a distancing device, or a comment on the action, or on the "character" Sorrentino plays? What about the fact that (Krakauer points this out too) Sorrentino's favorite method of contraception seems to be to act so passive-aggressively nuts that his partners tend to flee before the Situation can be Situationed?
5) Bristol Palin seems like a very patient young woman.


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Step 1: First
to double put four spoon fulls ect.
Step 2: Next
its one spoon full of hydrogen poroxide for every
two spoon fulls of baking soda....
Step 3:
liquidy? if liquidy slowly add a little more baking soda till its jest right.
dry? if dry add a little more hydrogen poroxide till just right.
note: you can make it just a little moe wet then shown.
Step 5: For nails
rinse with warm water
soap is not needed for it is its own soap and leaves a fresh clean sent
see my tatorial on how to make your own exfoliating 3 in one hand face and foot shower cream.


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Corvallis 104.3 FM • Hood River 91.9 FM • Portland 90.7 FM
Jo Ann and Dave look at the latest findings on racial profiling released by the Portland Police Bureau. This latest report, which compiles data on stops and motorists, cyclists and pedestrians over the past year, shows that African Americans are still more likely to be stopped by the police than other city residents. The city says the raw data doesn't tell the whole story, but community activists are concerned that "driving, cycling and walking while black" remains a serious problem in the Rose City. Jo Ann and Dave and discuss voter concerns about Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama.
In 1993, KBOO AM News Director Kathleen Stephenson interviewed Susan Dobrof about the Bread and Roses Collective and its creation in 1978.
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Join Commissioner Brown and Char Burnette from BKAT television as they talk about the Central Kitsap Community Campus, the Silvedale branch of Kitsap Regional Library, land use challenges in Central Kitsap and recreational access to salt water.
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Business briefs
Pozen 3Q loss narrows despite higher costs
CHAPEL HILL – The Chapel Hill-based drug development firm Pozen Inc. posted a narrower loss of $4.8 million in the third quarter compared with the same quarter last year, despite higher expenses related to a drug development agreement with Sanofi U.S.
The company signed an agreement with Sanofi for the commercializsation of its two aspirin drug candidates in the United States. Pozen is getting a $15 million payment through the deal, and will be eligible for up to $20 million and other future milestone payments and royalties on product sales.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is reviewing the new drug application for Pozen's aspirin candidates, which were developed for use for the secondary-prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients at-risk for aspirin-induced gastric ulcers.
Pozen's revenues were $2.6 million in the quarter, which included royalties on sales of its drug Vimovo as well as $1.6 million from the Sanofi upfront payment. Its operating expenses were up to $7.4 million, primarily increasing as a result of costs related to the agreement with Sanofi, the company reported.
Winners of 32-hour MetLife 'TechJam' announced
DURHAM – More than 75 software developers and other technology enthusiasts competed Nov. 1-2 in the MetLife TechJam at the Research Triangle Foundation of North Carolina headquarters to develop an electronic health record software solution for veterans.
A panel of judges picked winning solutions from the teams, some of which included IBM Corp. developers and others that had high school students, according to a news release.
Prizes were awarded for the overall best solution, as well as for categories including mobile, data integration and augmentation, user experience, and predictive analysis. The overall winner was the team Infusion.
The MetLife TechJam kicked off as MetLife broke ground on its new global technology hub in Cary. MetLife's move to North Carolina is projected to create a combined 2,600 jobs in Cary and Charlotte by the end of 2015.
'Hackathon' to be held at Duke Nov. 16-17
DURHAM -- More than 400 students from nine universities are expected to take part in a "hackathon" at Duke University Nov. 16 and 17.
The teams will tackle hacking challenges, and the winning solutions/teams will receive prizes, according to a news release. Schools participating in the challenge are from Elon, Georgia, Georgia Tech, Maryland, N.C. State, UNC, Virginia, Virginia Tech and Duke.
The hacking competition begins at 3 p.m. and runs through 3 p.m. Sunday at Duke. Students from all over the nation are invited to network and attend workshops during the two-day event.


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Part bagel, part pretzel. A Pretzel Bagel delivers the best of both types of bread because you can enjoy it as-is (or topped with mustard), like a soft pretzel, or you can split it open and make it into a great sandwich for breakfast or lunch. This homemade recipe is easy to make and should be a big hit with anyone who likes bagels or ... Read More »
Tag Archives: bagels
One Day Foodie Tour of Montreal
Montreal is a fun city for a weekend getaway, packing in plenty of beautiful and historic sites, as well as lots of good food. You could easily spend a week in the city, enjoying the slightly slower pace of life and the many festivals that they host throughout the year, but it isn't always easy to take a long vacation and there are times when ... Read More »
Homemade Bagels
It'll be hard to go back to storebought bagels after these. These homemade bagels were simply delicious, and as though that were not enough, they were both easy and fun to make on top of that. They had a perfectly chewy crust and a tender/chewy inside that stood up well to butter and jam. The bagels also toasted perfectly – and in a bagel, that is just ... Read More »


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William F. Gallager
Drawing of William F. Gallager. Handwritten on back, William F. Gallager; 1926. Here is his wifes obituary found in the Sonoma Index Tribune. Blanche Miller Gallagher - Longtime resident 11.12.04 - ... show more
Drawing of William F. Gallager. Handwritten on back, William F. Gallager; 1926.
Here is his wifes obituary found in the Sonoma Index Tribune.
Blanche Miller Gallagher - Longtime resident
11.12.04 - Blanche Miller Gallagher, 98, of Sonoma, died Nov. 7, 2004, at her home in Sonoma.
Mrs. Gallagher was born June 2, 1906, in Woburn, Mass.
She saw her first stars from her father's arms coming home from a Christmas Eve celebration at the Danish Brotherhood in Woburn. The memory of their brilliance lighting the snow was the beginning of her lifelong joy in the night sky. Days before her death, she was speaking of the beauty and promise of the new moon that would be appearing.
She and her family moved to Martinez in 1918. She worked as a stenographer at the Shell Oil refinery where she was first attracted to a young engineer's voice over the Dictaphone. Throughout their courtship, she kept a photograph of Charles Lindberg, who resembled her shy beau, William Gallagher. They were married Nov. 8, 1930.
Transferred to the Anacortes, Wash., refinery in 1954, they spent 27 years on the shores of Puget Sound, where they learned to catch crabs and hunt for agates. They moved to Sonoma in 1976 to be closer to family.
Not strong enough as a young woman for the heavy work associated with nursing, she spent a lifetime nurturing others, as a sister, mother, grandmother, aunt and friend to all ages.
Her special Bill was taken from her life in 1995, but she remained brave and strong and came to represent what it means to grow old with grace and dignity. "I feel a responsibility to show what it can be like to be 98 years old," she said recently.
Her smile will be remembered by her many friends and family.
Mrs. Gallagher is survived by her sister, Claire Hubbell; sons, Daniel W. Gallagher, of San Francisco, David M. Gallagher, of Hilo, Hawaii; daughter, Beth Cahn, of Point Richmond; grandchildren, Aaron and Deanna Cahn, Andrew and Catherine Cahn, Michael Cahn, Megan Cahn, Kerry Letner; and her longtime caregiver, Ramona Brain.
A memorial Mass will be celebrated at 11 a.m. today at St. Francis Solano Catholic Church. Inurnment in the San Andreas family plot.
Memorial donations may be made to the music department at St. Francis Solano School, 469 Third St. W., Sonoma, CA 95476.
Arrangements by Mission Cremation Service under the direction of Duggan's Mission Chapel.
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The Federal Aviation Authority recently reversed its decision to close several airport towers due to funding issues. On Nov. 10, 2001, our daughter (age 8, at the time) earned her Young Eagles Certificate at Meigs Field, having flown in a C-150 N6297R aircraft piloted by Robert C. Bejra. Her face beamed with delight.
Chicago's then-Mayor Richard M. Daley ordered Meigs Field destroyed on March 31, 2003, in the middle of the night for "security reasons."
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With funding and security being a top priority, what are the possibilities of Chicago re-establishing Meigs Field to its former heyday and a viable productive airport?
Richard J. White


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Jack Russell Terrier Puppy
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Location: Nashville, Tennessee


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Consider the following: Mason Raymond finished tied for fourth in team scoring for the Canucks, just one goal back of Henrik Sedin, two back of Daniel Sedin, and three back of team leader, Alex Burrows. In other words: it was a pretty decent season for him, comparatively speaking. Yet everybody seemed to hate him, and now, in late August, Raymond still finds himself unemployed.
Granted, some of it is Raymond's own doing. From the sounds of it, he was fairly determined to go to Calgary, and when the Flames passed, some of the other interested parties had moved. In addition, he's a bit of a drunk ghost, falling down and disappearing fairly regularly. Teams hate that. They prefer guys that are strong on their feet, as they say, and consistent. Raymond has a lot of good qualities but neither of those can be counted as one of them.
But he's still a pretty good hockey player, as you'll see in these clips. He's got great speed, an effective wristshot, and he plays a 200-foot game. After watching him score 10 times, you might even be open to the idea of him returning to Vancouver at a reduced rate. I totally would.
Raymond's collection of 10 scores begins and ends with goals against the Calgary Flames. Fitting, since he always seems to get up to play them. 10 of his 80 career goals come versus Calgary. This one happens just as Raymond leads the second powerplay unit onto the ice, gliding into the zone just as the Sedins are preparing to leave the ice. Daniel finds him drifting in the high slot, Raymond sees that he has the room to go to his forehand, and he wires the puck through the screen of Blair Jones and into the goal.
Quibble all you want with Raymond's skillset, but there's no disputing that he's fast. He shows it on this goal, flying into the zone at breakneck pace while Alex Burrows controls the puck along the boards. After Burrows goes wide on Luca Sbisa and gets past him, he finds Raymond streaking to the net. The first attempt is stopped, but when the puck jumps like the Mack Daddy made it, Raymond bats it in out of mid-air.
More speed on display from Raymond in his second of the night, as he races to join Jordan Schroeder on a rush and is rewarded for his effort with a skipping saucer pass. Raymond takes it in stride like bad news and then passes it on to Jonas Hiller, beating the goaltender with a wrist shot to make it 5-0.
It's fitting that Raymond gets this goal, because it's the product of basically everyone in the frame succumbing to the slippies. When everyone is falling down, that's when Raymond has an advantage, since if anyone knows how to handle chronic falling in the offensive zone, it's him. It's no surprise, then, that after a scramble in front of the goal, Raymond pounces on the puck and buries it. (Extra credit to Kevin Bieksa, who conveniently takes out half the Wild penalty-kill when he goes over.)
Raymond has been the beneficiary of some nice feeds so far in this entry, but the best one might be this pass, courtesy Kevin Shattenkirk. I mean, he probably didn't intend to set Raymond up for a game-tying gimme in the late stages of a one-goal game, but still. Raymond is in perfect position when Shattenkirk loses control of the puck and winds up putting it right on his stick. And, unlike Shattenkirk, he makes no mistake and ties the game.
Be sure to watch this one from the reverse angle, because it's a whole lot prettier than it looks on first glance. Raymond begins this play, feeding David Booth and then sprinting towards the LA blueline. By the time he gets there, Booth has fed it down the boards to Hansen, who is able to give it right back to Raymond in full flight. Raymond puts it past Jonathan Quick before the LA Kings' goaltender has a clue what's going on. Loveliness.
Another beautiful passing play finished off by Raymond. This time it's an odd-man rush with Jannik Hansen and Andrew Ebbett, the latter of whom does well to slow up just enough to open a passing lane to Raymond on the far side. Raymond gets himself set for the shot, and as Hansen gives him some more space by tying up his man on a beeline for the goal, Raymond sends the puck in the same direction with a blistering one-timer. Thankfully, it gives him no blisters, because he's wearing protective gloves.
This was the lone goal in this game, which meant, with little else to talk about, we gave it a bit more ink in the IWTG than we normally do. Here's what we had to say about it then:
The lone goal in this one came off the stick of Mason Raymond, and I can't say enough about his presence of mind at both the beginning and the end of the play. After the puck deflects off of the boards to Jordan Schroeder, Raymond realizes he might be able to get a partial break and turns on the jets to get behind Jake Muzzin. Then, once he's in alone, he reacts quickly to an attempted pokecheck by Quick, putting the puck five-hole for the goal. Great situational awareness from Raymond.
Not so much from Muzzin. Watch this play a few times and you can see exactly how he gets burned. Drifting out to the neutral zone, marking Raymond, he looks over his left shoulder to see where the puck is and watches it come off the boards towards Schroeder, who could hit Raymond with a pass. Muzzin instantly realizes that if Raymond is smart, he'll be taking off towards the LA end. He looks over his right shoulder to check. Sure enough, Raymond is smart, so Muzzin takes off after him, but after a few strides, he makes the mistake of looking over his left shoulder again to see if Schroeder is going to attempt the pass. This causes him to lose speed, giving Raymond more room. That means that if Schroeder is making the pass, Muzzin is done. Here's that moment, in a screengrab I call, "Jake Muzzin realizes he's screwed".
In other words, Raymond and Schroeder played it well. Muzzin, less so.
This play features some bonus footage of Cam Barker being crappy at defence. Look at him get walked around at the beginning of the clip. It's a wonder this play ends the way it does. But thankfully, Cory Schneider makes the save after Barker blows it, and Raymond is sprung the other way with the Avs on a change. After breaking into the zone at full speed, he makes a couple head-fakes then burns Jean-Sebastien Giguere to give Vancouver the lead.
Over the course of these 10 goals, we've seen all of Raymond's strengths. His finishing ability, his wrist shot, his speed. But here's one that surfaces for the second time in these clips: his hand-eye coordination. This is the second goal he's batted out of mid-air, and he does it here like it's no big thing. Granted, he has a lot of time to track it after Kiprusoff loses sight of it, because the Flames' defence is atrocious — someone should probably be where Raymond is. But still, he does well both to get wood on it and to do so after it drops below the cross-bar.Tags: Every Goal, Every Goal 2012-13, Mason Raymond
Mason's play has certainly been better of late, but you have to wonder what his back injury did to his career from the perspective of being perceived as damaged goods. Back injuries are never good, and sometimes they pop back up again as a problem later on. Combine that with the physicality of hockey, and I dunno. It would be a shame if that's the underlying reason for Mason's unemployment. The Canucks should keep him. I would never have said that two years ago. Or even a year ago. I would trade Mason for Booth in a heartbeat.
It's the usual problem – player wants more cash than team(s) want to pay. Would Van take him back for something like $750k-$1m, probably. Will he take that, probably not. So he's stuck waiting for some kind of injury somewhere that creates cap space to leave enough cash for him.
One year deal to improve his numbers then try again? But would expect as the cap falls there will be more and more players coming off 'old cap' deals who will be unable to get the same money they were used to/want. So take what's on offer or don't play in the NHL?
"After watching him score 10 times, you might even be open to the idea of him returning to Vancouver at a reduced rate. I totally would."
I love the idea of finding value, but this seems to skip past one of the problems with Mason. Where does he fit in the lineup? I thought part of the issue with Mason was: he hasn't been scoring enough (consistently) to be on the 2nd line, not gritty enough for the 3rd line, and not the typical banger type for the 4th line.
Although I guess the 3rd line grit/defensive vs, skill concept has been fading away a bit in recent years…
I would not resign Raymond – what's the point? We have too many guys like him – that are okay – not great not bad. That's fine if we are satisfied with a not great not bad season. We need players with roles – checkers, scorers, fighters, etc. What role would Raymond play? Secondary scorer? I don't think his production is up to it…and his playoff performances are not exactly inspiring or memorable either..unless you count this phantom body check he throw against Kopitar:


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