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BATON ROUGE, La. (WDSU) — Gov. Bobby Jindal's administration is enlisting outside professional help and revamping the selection process to choose the next company to take over its Medicaid claims processing work.
The added monitoring steps come after the last contract was scrapped, a criminal investigation was launched into its award and Bruce Greenstein, Jindal's former health care secretary, resigned.
The Jindal administration fired Client Network Services Inc. from its $200 million contract, alleging that Greenstein had inappropriate contact with CNSI throughout the bid process. Greenstein has denied wrongdoing.
In rolling out the revised contract selection process, the administration has run into snags.
A first attempt to hire an outside firm to help develop the state's advertisement for a new Medicaid contractor and to evaluate bid proposals turned up only one applicant, deemed unqualified.
Copyright 2013 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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Ohio museum buys McKinley tiara from pawn shop
CANTON, Ohio (AP) — A tiara that once belonged to President William McKinley's wife has gone on display at the McKinley Presidential Library and Museum in northeast Ohio after a hurried fundraising campaign to buy it from a Las Vegas pawn shop.
Relatives who had inherited Ida McKinley's diamond-accented headpiece sold it to the pawn shop featured in the History Channel show "Pawn Stars." When Gold & Silver Pawn co-owner Rick Harrison offered to sell the piece to the Canton museum for $43,000 — the amount he paid for it — the museum quickly scrambled to raise the money with the help of donors in 22 states, including Ohio.
About 200 donors lined up out the door to see the headpiece when it was unveiled at a special party this week, curator Kim Kenney told the Akron Beacon Journal (http://bit.ly/1qqCt8P ).
"Everybody was saying, 'We did this. We got this back,"' Kenney said.
She said it is usually difficult to authenticate jewelry that belonged to presidents' wives, making the tiara special because there is proof of its provenance. The museum had previously borrowed the tiara from the family for special events.
Now it is on public display in its original velvet box, within a special case for extra security.
"I have not tried it on. I will not try it on," Kenney said, smiling. "That's a curatorial no-no."
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subset: commoncrawl


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alabama can win the west
alabama can win the west
alabama can win the west
alabama can win the west
Well I can under stand why people don't like coach Saban if I was them I dont think I would myself.
That because Alabama is going to make the come back I know most of you cant stand that but it going to happen so get over it.
I can see ALabama wining the ESC west with some luck, remember Shula wint 10-2 when no one though we would do anything that year Alabama was pick to win 6 games that year as well.
You for get Alabama is Alabama now with a good coach on hand it going to be hard to stop Alabama.


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I'd like to implement something similar to the top notifications bars on Stack Overflow, where the user is told if they have new messages after they log in. E.g.
Is there either a control or a class that I can use to accomplish something like this?
Does anyone know anything about this?
Yes there is. Showing the number of unread conversations is something we do out of the box - if you take a look in the Utility\HeaderFragments\Core\UserWelcome.ascx file you should see an example of how to do this.
In reply to Alex Crome:
Thanks Alex. Is there a way to do this via the client API instead of using controls? I'd really prefer to have the exact count in my code-behind for other uses.
In reply to Mark Ursino:
Hi. I'm just trying to see if anyone is aware of a way to get the unread message count using the C# client API. I've been looking in CommunityServer.Messages but I haven't found anything yet.
Howdy Mark,
You might find your answer in something like this:
ConversationQuery query = new ConversationQuery();
query.ReadStatus = ConversationReadStatus.Unread;
...whatever other query stuff you need...
Messages.Controls.ConversationQuery queryRunner = new Messages.Controls.ConversationQuery();
queryRunner.QueryImplementation.GetQueryResults<Conversation(query, out int);
In reply to Blake "Howdy" Smith:
Hi Blake,I tried what you gave me an I keep getting a "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." on the queryRunner.QueryImplementation.GetQueryResults line:
CommunityServer.Messages.ConversationQuery query = new CommunityServer.Messages.ConversationQuery();int totalResults;query.ReadStatus = CommunityServer.Messages.ConversationReadStatus.Unread;query.UserId = 2100; // test admin for nowCommunityServer.Messages.Controls.ConversationQuery queryRunner = new CommunityServer.Messages.Controls.ConversationQuery();List<CommunityServer.Messages.Conversation> convos = queryRunner.QueryImplementation.GetQueryResults<CommunityServer.Messages.Conversation>(query, out totalResults);Response.Write(convos.Count); // doesn't workResponse.Write(totalResults); // also doesn't work
Any thoughts? I hope I have the correct namespaces.
Yea, you have the right namespaces, guess that way won't work. My research hasn't found any way to do it in code yet, the control Alex mentioned is all I've seen. I'll take a deeper look when I get some free time.
Hi Blake,
I appreciate the time you're taking looking into it. I have it working right now on the front-end but I'd prefer to be it via code-behind since I use it in a few other places. For now, my solution was to create a UC that outputs just the number of unread messages, nothing else:UnreadMessageCount.ascx
<CSMessage:ConversationList ID="ConversationList" runat="server"> <QueryOverrides runat="server" PageSize="1" ReadStatus="Unread" PagerID="UnreadPager" /> <ItemTemplate> <CSControl:ControlData ID="ControlData1" runat="server" ControlId="UnreadPager" Property="TotalRecords" Text="{0}" /> </ItemTemplate> <NoneTemplate> 0 </NoneTemplate></CSMessage:ConversationList><CSControl:Pager ID="UnreadPager" runat="server" Visible="false" />
So anywhere I need the #, I just call this control on the front-end. Do you see any performance issues with this? Should I OutputCache my control? I'm just afraid so many calls to this for a user will bog the system down. I have a panel at the top of my page that pops down with jQuery and shows your unread message count. It ends up appearing on most of the pages because its a collapsed panel that the user has the ability to flip on. Thanks again and if you find anything with code, please share!
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|Crowne Plaza Hotels Portland hotels are listed below. Search for cheap and discount Crowne Plaza Hotels hotel rates in Portland, OR for your upcoming individual or group travel. We list the best Crowne Plaza Hotels Portland properties so you can review the Portland Crowne Plaza Hotels hotel list below to find the perfect place.
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Hotels in 12484 - Stone Ridge NY
Only hotels in 12484 zip code are listed below. Search for cheap and discount hotel rates in Stone Ridge, NY for your upcoming leisure or conference / group travel. We list the best 12484 hotels and motels so you can review the Stone Ridge hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. Hotels in Ulster county and area code 845 are also listed.
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Goal of the Year: Group 2
Tue, 19-11-2013 10:41
Who do you think deserves the honor of having the title for 2013 GOTY? Vote Now! http://nerevs.us/r351q
Group 2
Juan Agudelo vs. Chicago Fire (Aug. 17)
Kelyn Rowe vs. Montreal Impact (Sept. 8)
Saer Sene vs. Houston Dynamo (Sept. 28)
Diego Fagundez vs. Columbus Crew (Oct. 19)


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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by anonymous on 02/17/2014
the raspberry chicken is the bomb! i love it and i have been going there for twenty years! the service is so so, but i prefer to get takeout.
Posted by AnniHispanni on 07/04/2012
I drive by this place a million times thinking it was one of 3 (!!!) Indian restaurants on the 9th. I discovered it because they are open slightly later than my normal spot, or should I say my old spot. I love this place! They use high quality ingredients and don't over do it on the cornstarch in their sauces. I have ordered both the fried chicken with honey sauce and the snow pea and mushroom chicken and both far exceeded my expectations. All lean white meat chicken! Ditto to the reviewer who mentioned not having to worry about biting into anything funky, haha! Egg rolls are rediculously fresh! No slimy cabbage mess in these bad boys! My advice to Nan King Bistro- don't change a thing and I'll always be a loyal fan.
Posted by Art on 10/04/2011
I've lived in the avenues for 12 years, and Nan King Road Bistro has had the same exact high-quality, fresh, tasty and inexpensive Chinese food every time I've gone there. During that time, they've raised their prices once. The food is unbelievable. The service is a bit slow, so bring a good book or bring friends for conversation - IT IS WORTH IT! You don't want to rush good food, anyway. It is a MUST whenever out-of-town friends visit. Or when you're hungry for great food.
Posted by ALicia on 02/18/2011
The food was fresh and great tasting! I definitely recommend!
Posted by Kelly on 09/10/2010
While I truly cannot speak for the atmosphere and service of Nan King as we have not physically visited the restaurant, we did have food delivered to our home and it was delicious and surprisingly fresh and healthy tasting. Their orange chicken was spectacular, as was their lettuce wraps and four seasons chow mein. We randomly stumbled on this restaurant via menu pages, and we are so happy we discovered a new favorite Chinese restaurant.
Posted by bobito on 08/30/2010
This is for delivery service, not restaurant service. Always fast, fresh and tasty! Nanking Road bistro rocks for eat in if you live in avenues/haight, etc. Nice people and old school sesame chicken! I always recommend....lunch specials are great!
Posted by DR Hermis on 05/19/2010
Do you know how much horrible chinese food we had to consume to find this place...THANK GOD, it's over!! Nan King Road Bistro is the BEST in SF~hands DOWN!! SPRING ROLLS...FRESH HERBS in every BITE~yum yum! Best Chicken Potstickers EVER! The General's Chicken...hard NOT to order it every time!!! Won Ton Chow Mein...whatever it's called is OUT of this WORLD! The Owner is a great guy, comes out to your table, just like a "Chef/Owner" should do! This is a hidden secret, MOST people don't know about it, somebody whispered it to us one day and we drive across town JUST for it!!! 5 STAR & two thumbs UP :o)


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Hue Day Trips
DMZ (Demilitarised Zone) and Vinh Moc
Under the Geneva Accords of 1954, Vietnam was split into North and South along the 17th parallel. The Ben Hai River was…
Royal Tombs
South of Hué are eight splendid royal tombs of the Nguyen emperors, situated among the hills on the banks of the…
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A boat trip on the Perfume River is one of the highlights of a visit to Hué and includes stops to visit some of…
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Pro hockey: Newcomers spur Everblades' rally in win over Greenville
The recent acquisitions have already paid immediate dividends for the Florida Everblades.
Just four days after being acquired in a trade with South Carolina, forward Mathew Pistilli scored twice for the Blades — including the game-tying goal — and Maury Edwards, who joined the team in a deal that sent Taylor Ellington to Cincinnati two days later, assisted in the go-ahead goal by Mathieu Roy to cap off a five-goal rally in the third period as the Blades beat Greenville 6-4.
Aaron Bogosian started off the comeback rally just after the 6:00 minute mark of the third by batting in a loose puck.
Pistilli, the 6-foot-2, 219-pound forward who is in his second stint with Florida, scored on a power play 90 seconds later and would connect on a rebound for the next two scores to tie the game at four.
Roy, assisted by Edwards and David Rutherford, would give the Blades (15-12) the lead with just 70 seconds remaining. Alex Hutchings sealed the Florida victory with an empty-net goal in the final seconds.
Rutherford also found the back of the net a slap shot goal in the first period for his team-leading 14th goal of the season.
Goaltender Rob Madore stopped 24 of the 28 shots he faced by the Road Warriors to pick up the win.
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The laryngology program provides a full range of voice and airway services and offers the latest advances in voice and airway research. We provide medical and surgical voice specialty care, including care of the professional voice, hoarseness, cough, vocal cord paralysis, early laryngeal cancers, speech, vocal cord dysfunction (VCD)/paradoxical vocal fold motion, subglottic and tracheal stenosis, swallowing disorders, treatment for spasmodic dysphonia and other movement voice disorders. Care is provided in coordination with our certified voice therapist. Our voice trained speech language pathologist has special expertise and training in the treatment of injured speaking and singing voices.
Mona A. Abaza MD, MS
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Juliana Litts, MA, CCC-SLP
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All trademarks are registered property of the University. Used by permission only.


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Qantas international flights from Wellington
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Fares are subject to availability and are limited over school holidays, public holidays and peak periods such as sporting events.
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I have no idea whats going on in with Pittsburghs recent drafts, but much like the Steelers getting lucky with Stanfords David DeCastro falling into their grasp another young Stanford athlete took a tumble right to Pittsburgh. In the first round of tonights Major League Baseball First-Year Player Draft the Pirates were probably just as shocked as I was that Mark Appel fell to them with the 8th pick.
Appel was largely regarded to be the first overall pick by many people due to his fastball, slider, and far above average change-up. Why he fell, I have no idea, but I am not going to complain that he fell. While I admit that the Pirates minor league system is sorely lacking talented hitters and position players when you have the opportunity to add another arm like this..... you take it. Imagine the week in a few seasons when our starting pitchers are Gerrit Cole, Jameson Taillon, and Mark Appel. Only a few days ago I would have added the likes of Stetson Allie but that's a post for tomorrow. Although I am still convinced it is to early to bail on Allie because he could make a GREAT closer.
The Pirates followed this pick by taking Outfielder Barrett Barnes from Texas Tech with the 45th pick. I will admit I don't know much about Barnes but from what I am reading elsewhere he is an aggressive player with a decent amount of power in his bat. He looks to be a possible corner outfielder (not a first baseman like we so badly need) but if he develops his bat he will almost certainly find a place in Pittsburgh where power hitters seem to be hard to find.
Here's hoping these two guys make their way through the system quickly and have a positive impact on the Pirates future.


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It's easy to cancel when you know for sure that there's no way it's going to happen (e.g., if you're looking at a half-empty raid, or the heal team has decided to play hooky en masse), but for us the trouble is usually in that ill-defined area between what an undermanned raid can do and what everyone would rather be doing. If you're missing a few DPS for a normal ICC clear, that's not a big deal, particularly if you're using the 10% damage/healing/health buff. However, not having those DPS for heroic attempts (especially for tougher heroic bosses like Sindragosa and Putricide) is basically a death sentence at this point. The question then becomes, is it worth it to clear the content on normal so the night's not a total waste, or do you cancel the raid, bank on better attendance the following night and hold out for a kill that may not even happen?
For us, the answer is usually the latter, and I'm wondering how other people deal with this (apart from recruiting for a bigger bench). While attendance has been always been a thorn in raid leaders' sides, the normal/heroic mechanic in Icecrown content's resulted in the seeming absurdity of postponing a raid when we're missing as few as two heavyweight DPS. Nobody likes to see a raid night wasted, but it's also no fun to look at that Deathbringer's Will that just dropped and think to yourself in agony, "Maybe if we'd waited a day, it could have been the heroic version."


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- Musician's Friend Best Selection, Price & Service. Guaranteed.
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at: 800-449-9128
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A set of six 3/5 size harmonicas.
A set of six Seydel BIG SIXES in the most popular keys: G, A, Bb, C, D, F. A real must-have - the BIG SIX with 6 holes! The BIG SIX is an eye-catcher with great playing features:
• Great sound because of stainless steel reeds also used in Seydel's top-model, the 1847
• With mounting for the provided lanyard
• Packed into a tin-can, that serves as package but also as a resonator for many sound effects
• Sealed wooden comb
The BIG SIX Blues is a standard diatonic harp (holes 1-6 = 12 tones) and is therefore suited best for playing in the second position.
Ordser today for a different frame of reference.
Review Snapshot®by PowerReviews
Reviewed by 1 customer
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Comments about SEYDEL SET of 6 - BIG SIX BLUES Harmonicas:
These harmonicas do sound nice but it did not take long at all until they started plugging and not working for me. I took great care of them and always follow instructions on how to make them last but I just found that they consistently start to break very early. I won't be buying from them again.
Our product catalog varies by country due to manufacturer restrictions. If you change the Ship-To country, some or all of the items in your cart may not ship to the new destination.


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Detailed Toluene Information from Toluene Toxic Tort Lawyers/Attorneys
Toluene is a colorless liquid widely used as raw material in the production of organic compounds and as a solvent (EPA, 1990). It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and, to a lesser degree, through the skin. Toluene is distributed throughout the body, with accumulation in tissues with high lipid content. It is metabolized in the liver, primarily to hippuric acid and benzoyl glucuronide, compounds that are rapidly excreted in the urine (EPA, 1990; ATSDR, 1989).
In humans and animals, the primary effect associated with inhalation exposure to toluene is central nervous system (CNS) depression. Short-term exposure of humans to 100-1500 ppm has elicited CNS effects such as fatigue, confusion, incoordination, and impairments in reaction time, perception, and motor control and function (NTP, 1990). Exposure to concentrations ranging from 10,000-30,000 ppm has resulted in narcosis and deaths (WHO, 1985). Prolonged abuse of toluene or solvent mixtures containing toluene has led to permanent CNS effects. Exposure to high concentrations of toluene (1500 ppm) has produced hearing loss in rats (Pryor et al., 1984). Hepatomegaly and impaired liver and kidney function have been reported in some humans chronically exposed to toluene (Askergren, 1984; Szilard et al., 1978; Greenburg et al., 1942). Toluene vapors may cause eye irritation (Andersen et al., 1983), and prolonged or repeated dermal contact may produce drying of skin and dermatitis (ATSDR, 1989; NIOSH, 1973).
In experimental animals, subchronic inhalation exposure to 2500 ppm toluene resulted in increased liver and kidney weights (rats and mice), increased heart weights (rats), increased lung weights, and centrilobular hypertrophy of the liver (mice) (NTP, 1990). Chronic inhalation exposure to 600 or 1200 ppm for 2 years produced degeneration of olfactory and respiratory epithelia of rats and minimal hyperplasia of bronchial epithelia in mice (NTP, 1990).
Subchronic oral administration of toluene at doses ranging from 312 to 5000 mg/kg/day produced clinical signs of neurotoxicity at 2500 mg/kg in rats and mice. Other effects observed at higher doses in rats included increased relative liver, kidney, and heart weights (females only) and necrosis of the brain and hemorrhage of the urinary bladder (NTP, 1990).
Equivocal evidence shows that exposure to toluene in utero causes an increased risk of CNS abnormalities and developmental delay in humans (Goodwin, 1988; Hersh et al., 1985; Holmberg, 1979). Animal studies, in which toluene was administered by inhalation, showed that exposure results in fetotoxicity and delayed skeletal development but does not cause internal or external malformations in rats (Courtney et al., 1986; Litton Bionetics, 1978). An oral study noted an increased incidence of embryonic deaths, cleft palate, and maternal toxicity in mice administered 1 mL/kg toluene during gestation (Nawrot and Staples, 1979).
An oral reference dose (RfD) of 2 mg/kg/day for subchronic exposure (EPA, 1993) and 0.2 mg/kg/day for chronic exposure (EPA, 1992) to toluene was calculated based on a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 223 mg/kg/day and a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of 446 mg/kg/day from a 13-week subchronic gavage study in rats (NTP, 1990). Increased liver and kidney weights in males were identified as the critical effects. A subchronic (EPA, 1993) and chronic inhalation reference concentration (RfC) of 0.4 mg/m3 (EPA, 1992) was calculated based on results of a battery of neurological tests with occupationally exposed female subjects (Foo et al., 1990).
An increased incidence of hemolymphoreticular neoplasms was reported in rats exposed to 500 mg/kg of toluene by gavage for 2 years (Maltoni et al., 1985); however, results from two long-term inhalation studies (NTP, 1990; Gibson and Hardisty, 1983) indicate that toluene is not carcinogenic at concentrations up to 1200 ppm. Based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines, toluene was assigned to weight-of-evidence group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity (EPA, 1992).
Toluene (C6H5CH3; CAS No. 108-88-3), also known as methylbenzene and phenylmethane, is a colorless liquid with a sweet pungent odor (HSDB, 1992). It has a molecular weight of 92.15, a density of 0.8669 g/mL at 20C, and an octanol/water partition coefficient of 2.79 (Lide, 1991; Mabey et al., 1982). Toluene is isolated by distillation of reformed or pyrolized petroleum and coal tar; however, most of the toluene produced remains as a benzene-toluene-xylene (BTX) mixture for use in gasoline. The primary use of isolated toluene is in the production of benzene and for backblending into gasoline to increase octane ratings (EPA, 1990). Toluene is also used as raw material in the production of benzyl chloride, benzoic acid, phenol, cresols, vinyl toluene, TNT, and toluene diisocyanate (U.S. Air Force, 1989); as a solvent for paints and coatings; and in adhesives, inks, and pharmaceuticals (EPA, 1990).
Inhalation is the primary route of toluene exposure for the general population and for occupationally exposed individuals. Evaporation of gasoline and automobile exhaust is the largest source of toluene in the environment, and industries that use toluene as a solvent are the second largest source (EPA, 1984). Toluene is also a common indoor contaminant due to releases from common household products and from cigarette smoke (ATSDR, 1989). Nonatmospheric releases of toluene are relatively small (e.g., to water and soil) and are estimated to comprise less than 1% of total toluene releases (ATSDR, 1989). In the atmosphere, toluene is degraded by reaction with hydroxyl radicals, with a typical half-life of about 13 hours. It is highly volatile, and volatilization is likely to be the predominant removal process from soil and water. Toluene is also subject to microbial degradation. Because of volatilization and biodegradation, toluene levels in the environment are not expected to increase over time (EPA, 1990; ATSDR, 1989).
Toluene is readily absorbed from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and, to a lesser extent, through the skin. Animal studies suggest that absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is complete. Absorption data for humans and animals indicate that pulmonary absorption is 85-90% during brief exposures but nearer to 50% during extended exposures (< 1 hour). In humans, toluene has been detected in the arterial blood within 10 seconds after initiation of inhalation exposures; exercise greatly increases the absorption of toluene (EPA, 1990). Cutaneous absorption is approximately 1% of that absorbed by the lungs when there is exposure to the vapor; however, dermal absorption of the liquid may be higher. Because toluene evaporates readily, it is unlikely that significant absorption will occur by this route.
Distribution of toluene following absorption occurs throughout the body, with accumulation in adipose tissue, other tissues with high fat content, and highly vascular tissues. High levels of toluene were found in the brain and liver of an individual who had died following an episode of glue sniffing (Paterson and Sarvesvaran, 1983). Autoradiography studies using mice indicate that immediately after inhalation exposure, a high level of radioactivity is present in the body fat, bone marrow, spinal nerves, spinal cord, and white matter of the brain. Radioactivity was also observed in the blood, kidney, and liver but at lower levels (Bergman, 1979). In one individual who died 30 minutes after ingestion of toluene, the liver had the highest concentration of toluene, followed by the pancreas, brain, heart, blood, body fat, and cerebrospinal fluid (Ameno et al., 1989). Since retention time of toluene is usually considered to be less than 24 hours, bioaccumulation of toluene is unlikely (EPA, 1990).
The initial step in toluene metabolism is side-chain hydroxylation to benzyl alcohol by P-450 enzymes in the liver, followed by oxidation to benzaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and subsequently to benzoic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Benzoic acid is then conjugated with glycine to form hippuric acid, the major urinary metabolite. Benzoic acid can also react with glucuronic acid to form benzoyl glucuronide (ATSDR, 1989). Ring hydroxylation to o- and p-cresol is considered a minor metabolic pathway (EPA, 1990).
Toluene excretion in humans and animals is dose-dependent and clearance from the body is rapid. Toluene is primarily excreted in the urine as the metabolite, hippuric acid, which accounts for 60-70% of absorbed toluene. Excretion of hippuric acid is usually complete within 24 hours after exposure. The glucuronide conjugate of benzoic acid excreted in the urine represents
10-20% of absorbed toluene. Elimination of unchanged toluene by the lungs and possibly by the skin may also account for 10-20% of the absorbed dose (EPA, 1990).
3.1.1. Acute Toxicity
188.8.131.52. Human
Ingestion of approximately 60 mL toluene was fatal to a male mental patient, with death occurring within 30 minutes of ingestion (Ameno et al., 1989). Autopsy results showed constriction and necrosis of myocardial fibers, a markedly swollen liver, congestion and hemorrhage of the lungs, and acute tubular necrosis. Severe depression of CNS function was thought to be the probable cause of death.
22.214.171.124 Animal
The acute oral toxicity of toluene in rats appears to be age-dependent. For adult rats, the reported LD50 values range from 5.5 to 7.3 g/kg. For younger adult, 14-day-old, or newborn rats, the LD50 values are 5.3-5.9, 2.6, or <1 g/kg, respectively (EPA, 1990).
3.1.2 Subchronic Toxicity
126.96.36.199 Human
Information on the subchronic oral toxicity of toluene in humans was not available.
126.96.36.199 Animal
F344 and Sprague-Dawley rats administered daily doses of 620 mg/kg by gavage for 4 weeks developed hearing loss that was attributed to damage of the outer hair cells of the inner ear (Sullivan, 1986).
Depressed immune responses were reported in mice exposed to toluene in drinking water. Male mice administered doses of 105 mg/kg/day of toluene for 28 days had decreased thymus weights, mixed lymphocyte culture responses, and antibody plaque-forming cell responses (Hsieh et al., 1989). Mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 immunity were decreased at doses of 22 and 105 mg/kg/day. Other effects included increased levels of neurotransmitters in the brain at doses of 5, 22, or 105 mg/kg/day and increased liver weights at 105 mg/kg/day.
In an National Toxicology Program (NTP) study (1990), F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes were administered toluene in corn oil by gavage at doses of 0, 312, 625, 1250, 2500, or 5000 mg/kg, 5 days/week for 13 weeks. All rats receiving 5000 mg/kg died within the first week, all mice receiving 5000 mg/kg died, and 40% of mice receiving 2500 mg/kg also died. Rats exposed to doses 2500 mg/kg of toluene exhibited prostration, hypoactivity, ataxia, piloerection, lacrimation, excess salivation, and body tremors. In male rats, absolute and relative liver and kidney weights were significantly (p < 0.05) increased at doses 625 mg/kg. In females, absolute and relative liver, kidney, and heart weights were all significantly increased at doses 1250 mg/kg (p < 0.01 for all comparisons except p < 0.05 for absolute kidney and heart weights at 1250 mg/kg). Histopathologic lesions were seen in the liver, kidneys, brain, and urinary bladder of rats. Hepatocellular hypertrophy occurred at 2500 mg/kg. Nephrosis was observed in rats that died, and damage to the tubular epithelium of the kidney occurred in terminally sacrificed rats. In the brain, mineralized foci and necrosis of neuronal cells were observed in male and female rats at 5000 mg/kg and males at 2500 mg/kg. Hemorrhage of the bladder (mucosa and muscularis) was seen in male and female rats at 5000 mg/kg and males at 2500 mg/kg. Signs of toxicity seen in mice receiving 2500 mg/kg included subconvulsive jerking, prostration, impaired grasping reflex, bradypnea, hypothermia, ataxia, and hypoactivity. By week 13, the mean body weight of males given 2500 mg/kg was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of controls. No adverse effects were reported in rats exposed to the lowest dose, 312 mg/kg/day, or in mice exposed to doses < 2500 mg/kg/day.
In an early subchronic gavage study, Wolf et al. (1956) observed no adverse effects in female Wistar rats treated with 0, 118, 354, or 590 mg/kg of toluene in olive oil, 5 days/week for 27-28 weeks (Wolf et al., 1956).
3.1.3 Chronic Toxicity
Information on the chronic oral toxicity of toluene in humans or animals was not available.
3.1.4 Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
220.127.116.11 Human
Information on the developmental and reproductive toxicity of toluene in humans following oral exposure was not available.
18.104.22.168 Animal
Oral administration of a single dose of 2350 mg/kg/day of toluene on gestational days 7-14 had no effect on the number of viable litters of mice and single doses of 1800 or 2350 mg/kg/day did not cause developmental effects (Seidenberg et al., 1986; Smith, 1983).
Kostas and Hotchin (1981) exposed female NYLAR mice to 16, 80, or 400 ppm toluene in drinking water beginning at the mating period and continuing throughout gestation and lactation. Upon weaning, the offspring were exposed to the same drinking water solutions until the time of behavioral testing--45-55 days of age. Rotorod performance was affected in all toluene-exposed groups, but there was an inverse dose-relationship. Decreased open-field activity was seen at 400 ppm. Offspring mortality rate, development of eye or ear openings, and surface-righting response of offspring was not affected.
Nawrot and Staples (1979) administered 0.3, 0.5, or 1.0 mL/kg (260, 433, or 867 mg/kg) of toluene in cottonseed oil by gavage 3 times/day on days 6-15 of gestation or 1.0 mL/kg (867 mg/kg) on days 12-15 of gestation to pregnant CD-1 mice. Increased embryonic lethality was reported in all groups treated with toluene on days 6-15 of gestation. Fetal weight was reduced in the mid- and high-dosed groups, and the incidence of cleft palate was increased in high-dosed fetuses. Maternal toxicity (decreased weight gain) was the only effect noted in mice treated on days 12-15 of gestation.
3.1.5 Reference Dose
22.214.171.124 Subchronic
ORAL RfD: 2 mg/kg/day (U.S. EPA, 1993)
NOAEL: 223 mg/kg/day
LOAEL: 446 mg/kg/day
COMMENTS: The same study, described in Subsect. 22.214.171.124, was used for the derivation of the subchronic and chronic RfD. The dose was adjusted for discontinuous exposure (5 days/week). An uncertainty factor of 100 was applied to account for interspecies extrapolation (10) and intraspecies variability (10).
188.8.131.52 Chronic
ORAL RfD: 0.2 mg/kg/day (U.S. EPA, 1992)
NOAEL: 223 mg/kg/day
LOAEL: 446 mg/kg/day
Study: High
Data Base: Medium
RfD: Medium
COMMENTS: The RfD is based on a gavage study with rats exposed to toluene for 13 weeks, with increased liver and kidney weights as critical effect. The dose was adjusted for discontinuous exposure (5 days/week). An uncertainty factor of 1000 was applied to account for interspecies extrapolation (10), intraspecies variability (10), and for the use of a subchronic study for chronic RfD derivation (10). Confidence in the data base and RfD is rated medium because the available oral studies are all subchronic and because of a lack of reproductive toxicity studies (EPA, 1992).
3.2.1. Acute Toxicity
22.214.171.124. Human
Acute toxicity data of toluene in humans come from experimental exposures, case reports of intentional abuse (glue sniffing), and accidental occupational exposures. The major acute effects of toluene in humans are CNS dysfunction and neurological impairment. Studies reviewed by NTP (1990) showed that individuals developed fatigue, drowsiness, impaired cognitive function, incoordination, and irritation of the eyes and throat after a single exposure to toluene at concentrations ranging from 50 to 1500 ppm for 3-8 hours. These effects increased in severity with increases in concentration and progressed to nausea, staggering gait, confusion, extreme nervousness, muscular fatigue, and insomnia lasting for several days (NTP, 1990). Exposure to concentrations ranging from 10,000 to 30,000 ppm have resulted in narcosis and death (WHO, 1985).
In a controlled exposure study, Andersen et al. (1983) exposed human subjects to 0, 10, 40, or 100 ppm toluene for 6 hours on each of 4 consecutive days. Eye and nose irritation occurred at 100 ppm, without affecting nasal mucous flow or lung function. The subjects frequently reported headaches, dizziness, and a feeling of intoxication. These effects were not reported in the 10- or 40-ppm exposure groups. No effects were seen in performance tests.
188.8.131.52 Animal
LC50 values for 6- to 7-hour exposures are 12,200 ppm for rats and 5300-7000 ppm for mice (EPA, 1990). Central nervous system effects are the primary toxic effects following acute inhalation exposure to toluene. The CNS response is biphasic, with an initial excitable phase followed by depression.
Rats exposed to 10,000 to 15,000 ppm toluene for 60 minutes exhibited an initial increase in locomotor activity; however, at continued exposure, locomotor activity decreased and eventually ceased (Hinman, 1987). Rats exposed to 125, 250, or 500 ppm toluene for 4 hours showed a decline in trained neuromuscular responses 20 hours after exposure (Kishi et al., 1988). Exposure of weanling or young rats to 7550 mg/m3 (2000 ppm), 8 hours/day for 3 days or to 5660 mg/m3 (1500 ppm) for 14 hours resulted in hearing loss (Pryor et al., 1984). Acute exposure of monkeys caused impaired cognitive and motor abilities when exposed to 1000 or 2000 ppm, concentrations that were below those causing overt clinical signs of neurotoxicity such as ataxia and tremors (Taylor and Evans, 1985).
3.2.2. Subchronic Toxicity
126.96.36.199 Human
Echeverria et al. (1989) exposed volunteers to 0, 74, or 151 ppm toluene for 7 hours over 3 days. This exposure sequence was repeated for a total of 42 exposures over a 3-month period. A battery of performance tests showed that visual perception was affected and manual dexterity differed from control values at both exposure levels. However, psychomotor test results were unaffected by toluene exposure. Subjective symptoms such as eye irritation, headache, and somnolence increased with exposure.
Individuals who had abused toluene for at least 1 year reported disturbed behavior; slow thought and speech; illusionary misinterpretations; tactile, auditory, and visual hallucinations; and delusional ideas (Evans and Raistrik, 1987).
188.8.131.52 Animal
Pryor et al. (1984) found irreversible high frequency hearing loss in rats exposed to toluene at concentrations of 1200 ppm, 12 hours/day for 5 weeks. Rats exposed at weaning age exhibited a more pronounced hearing loss than young adult rats.
Ungvary et al. (1980) exposed male and female CFY rats to 1000 mg/m3 (265 ppm) toluene 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 6 months. No adverse effects were seen in males; however, females exhibited increased cytochrome P-450 levels, decreased body weights, and increased liver-to-body weight ratios. Exposure to 3500 mg/m3 (928 ppm) (males only), 8 hours/day, 5 days/week for 6 months produced effects similar to those elicited in females at the lower dose.
In an NTP (1990) study, F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 100, 652, 1250, 2500, or 3000 ppm toluene 6.5 hours/day, 5 days/week for 15 weeks (rats) or 14 weeks (mice). All female rats survived exposure to 3000 ppm, but 8/10 male rats died within 2 weeks at this exposure level. Decreased body weights and increased relative liver, kidney, and heart weights were seen in rats exposed to the two higher concentrations compared with those of controls. All female mice and 5/10 male mice exposed to 3000 ppm and 7/10 female mice exposed to 2500 ppm died during the first 2 weeks. The body weights of all exposed groups were lower than those of controls. Relative liver weights were increased in mice exposed to 625 ppm. Increased relative lung weights were seen at 1250 ppm and increased relative kidney weights at 1250 ppm (females only). Centrilobular atrophy of the liver occurred in all male mice exposed to 2500 ppm and in 70% of male mice exposed to 3000 ppm.
No effects on the kidneys, lungs, spleen, or heart were observed in rats, guinea pigs, dogs, or monkeys continuously exposed to 107 ppm toluene for 90 days (Jenkins et al., 1970). In addition, no treatment-related effects were observed on the brain and spinal cord of dogs and monkeys, and no significant changes were observed in hematological parameters in any of the species tested.
3.2.3. Chronic Toxicity
188.8.131.52 Human
Occupational exposure studies that have investigated the potential neurotoxicity of toluene have not shown severe neurological effects. Rotogravure printers exposed to an estimated 117 ppm toluene for up to 22 years exhibited no clinically significant adverse effects on the nervous system (Juntunen et al., 1985). Occupational studies by Yin et al. (1987) and Lee et al. (1988) reported subjective symptoms such as headaches, sore throats, and dizziness following exposure to approximately 100 ppm toluene. Foo et al. (1990) conducted a cross-sectional study involving 30 female workers employed at an electronic assembly plant where toluene was emitted from glue. The toluene workers were employed for an average of 5.7 years and exposed to time-weighted-average (TWA) air concentrations of 88 ppm (332 mg/m3) toluene; a control group was exposed to 13 ppm (49 mg/m3) (TWA). A battery of eight neurobehavioral tests showed that the exposed group had a poorer performance in 6 of 8 tests administered when compared with the control group.
Cerebellar dysfunction, mental retardation, abnormal encephalograms, brain atrophy, and visual impairment were observed in long-term abusers of pure toluene (6-14 years) (NTP, 1990). Clinical studies of toluene sniffers suggest that ototoxicity as well as vestibular deficits may occur after prolonged inhalation exposure (Winneke, 1992).
Some studies have reported effects on the kidney and liver following inhalation exposure to toluene. Askergren (1984) reported increased protein excretion and increased excretion of erythrocytes and leukocytes/tubular epithelial cells in construction workers exposed to toluene. Renal tubular effects, indicated by metabolic acidosis (hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and hyperchloremia), have been associated with abusers of toluene-containing solvents (NTP, 1990). Krusell et al. (1985), however, indicated that there is no causal relationship between toluene exposure alone and renal injury. Hepatomegaly was observed in airplane painters exposed to 100-1150 ppm toluene in air for up to 5 years (Greenburg et al., 1942) and in 20-50% of workers exposed to toluene at 53-80 ppm for 2-14 years (Szilard et al., 1978).
Although early studies (before the mid-1950s) have associated chronic exposure to toluene with myelotoxic effects, most recent studies generally indicate that toluene does not cause toxic effects in blood and bone marrow. The previously observed hematologic effects are now attributed to concurrent exposure to benzene, a common contaminant of toluene at that time (NTP, 1990; ATSDR, 1989).
22.214.171.124 Animal
F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed by inhalation to 0, 600, or 1200 ppm toluene 6.5 hours/day, 5 days/week for 15 months or 2 years (NTP, 1990). Mean body weights and survival of rats and mice were generally similar to those seen in controls throughout the 2-year study. All rats exhibited nephropathy, with an increased severity in toluene-exposed animals. At 15 months, goblet cell hyperplasia and degeneration of olfactory and respiratory epithelium were increased in exposed rats. At 2 years, erosion of the olfactory epithelium and degeneration of respiratory epithelium were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in males and females at both doses. Mice exposed to 1200 ppm exhibited minimal hyperplasia of the bronchial epithelium. No other biologically important increases in non-neoplastic lesions were seen in exposed mice. The lesions observed in this study were considered mild and are not unusual with solvent exposures.
In an earlier 2-year inhalation bioassay, male and female F344 rats were exposed to 0, 30, 100, or 300 ppm toluene, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week (Gibson and Hardisty, 1983). Except for a dose-related decrease in hematocrit values in females exposed to 100 and 300 ppm and increased corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations in high-dosed females, all clinical chemistry, hematology, and urinalysis values were normal at the termination of the study. No other adverse effects were observed.
3.2.4 Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
22.214.171.124 Human
Evidence for human developmental effects from case reports and occupational exposure studies is equivocal because these studies are confounded by exposure to multiple organic solvents during pregnancy. A retrospective study of 14 women exposed to mixed solvents, including toluene, suggested an increased risk of CNS abnormalities and defects of neural tube closure in children exposed in utero (Holmberg, 1979). In another study, microcephaly, CNS dysfunction, attentional deficits, minor craniofacial and limb abnormalities, developmental delay, and variable growth were observed in three children exposed in utero to toluene as a result of maternal solvent abuse (Hersh et al., 1985). A third study reported growth retardation and dysmorphism in five infants whose mothers were chronic paint sniffers (Goodwin, 1988).
126.96.36.199 Animal
Retarded bone ossification and growth inhibition were observed in fetuses of Charles River rats exposed to 400 ppm toluene, 6 hours/day on days 6-15 of gestation (Litton Bionetics, 1978), but no teratogenic effects were observed in the study. No compound-related effects on sperm or adverse effects on estrous cycle were seen in Fischer 344 rats or B6C3F1 mice exposed to toluene at concentrations ranging from 100 to 3000 ppm, 6.5 hours/day, 5 days/week for 15 weeks (rats) or 14 weeks (mice) (NTP, 1990).
Pregnant CD-1 mice, exposed daily to 200 or 400 ppm toluene for 7 hours during gestational days 7-16, showed a significant increase in dilated renal pelves at 200 ppm but not at 400 ppm (Courtney et al., 1986). At 400 ppm, a significant shift in the fetal rib profile was observed. Both exposure concentrations caused maternal toxicity. Hudak and Ungvary (1978) observed decreased body weights but no malformations in fetuses of CFLP mice continuously exposed by inhalation to 133 ppm toluene on days 6-13 of gestation. Retarded skeletal development resulting in poorly ossified sternebrae, split vertebral centra, and shortened free ribs was reported in CFY rats continuously exposed to 230 or 399 ppm toluene on days 1-8 of development (Hudak and Ungvary, 1978). Fetuses of rats exposed to 399 ppm on days 9-14 of gestation exhibited extra ribs and fused sternebrae. No increases in visceral or external malformations were identified in mice or rats.
Deaths, but no teratogenic effects, were observed in fetuses of New Zealand rabbits continuously exposed to 266 ppm toluene on days 6-20 of gestation (Ungvary and Tatrai, 1985).
3.2.5 Reference Concentration
184.108.40.206 Subchronic
INHALATION RfC: 0.4 mg/m3 (U.S. EPA, 1993)
LOAEL: 332 mg/m3
PRINCIPAL STUDY: Foo et al., 1990
COMMENTS: The chronic inhalation RfC was adopted as the subchronic inhalation RfC. The study is described in Subsect. 126.96.36.199.
188.8.131.52 Chronic
INHALATION RfC: 0.4 mg/m3 (U.S. EPA, 1992)
LOAEL: 332 mg/m3
PRINCIPAL STUDY: Foo et al., 1990
Study: Medium
Data Base: Medium
RfC: Medium
COMMENTS: The chronic RfC was based on results of a battery of neurological tests in occupationally exposed females. Adverse neurological effects at atmospheric concentrations of 332 mg/m3 were considered the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL). An uncertainty factor (UF) of 300 was used to account for intraspecies variability (10), for the use of a LOAEL (10), and for data base deficiencies (3). The data base and RfC were given a medium rating because long-term data in humans are not available for neurotoxicity endpoints and the reproductive/developmental studies in animals were not comprehensive.
3.3.1. Acute Toxicity
188.8.131.52. Human
Eye irritation has been reported in humans following exposure to toluene vapors (Andersen et al., 1983). The liquid splashed in the eyes has caused a transient disturbance of the eyes, with healing complete within 48 hours (Grant, 1986).
184.108.40.206 Animals
The LD50 value reported for New Zealand rabbits following a single dermal application is 14.1 mL/kg (12.2 g/kg); for Wistar rats, the LD50 following an intraperitoneal injection is 1.64 g/kg (EPA, 1990).
Undiluted toluene applied to intact and abraded skin of rabbits for 24 hours produced moderate skin irritation (Guillot et al., 1982). Direct application of toluene to the conjunctiva has resulted in slight to moderately severe irritation of rabbit eyes (ATSDR, 1989).
3.3.2 Subchronic Toxicity
220.127.116.11 Human
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause drying and dermatitis due to the degreasing action of toluene and its removal of protective skin oils (ATSDR, 1989; NIOSH, 1973).
126.96.36.199 Animal
Information on the subchronic toxicity of toluene by other routes of exposure in animals was not available.
3.3.3 Chronic Toxicity
Information on the chronic toxicity of toluene by other routes of exposure in humans or animals was not available.
3.3.4 Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
Information on the developmental or reproductive toxicity of toluene by other routes of exposure in humans or animals was not available.
3.4.1. Oral Exposures
18.104.22.168. Primary Target Organ(s)
1. Central nervous system: Subchronic exposure to toluene caused necrosis and mineralization of brain cells and hearing loss in rats and altered brain levels of neurotransmitters in mice. Pre- and post-natal exposure affected rotorod performance and open-field activity in mice.
2. Kidneys: Subchronic exposure to toluene produced nephrosis, damage to tubular epithelium, and increased kidney weights in rats.
3. Liver: Subchronic exposure to toluene produced increased liver weights in rats and mice and hepatocellular hypertrophy in rats.
4. Reproduction: Embryonic deaths, reduced fetal weights, and cleft palates were observed in mice exposed to toluene during gestation.
184.108.40.206 Other Target Organs
1. Immune system: Depressed immune responses were observed in rats following subchronic exposure to toluene.
2. Urinary bladder: Hemorrhage of the bladder mucosa and muscularis were observed in rats following subchronic exposure to toluene.
3.4.2 Inhalation Exposures
188.8.131.52 Primary Target Organs
1. Central nervous system: Chronic occupational exposure to toluene has resulted in headaches, dizziness, and impaired neurobehavioral performance. Brain dysfunction, abnormal encephalograms, brain atrophy, mental retardation, and visual and hearing impairment have been reported in long-term abusers of toluene. Subchronic exposure of rats produced a high frequency hearing loss.
2. Kidneys: Chronic exposure of workers to toluene has resulted in abnormalities of kidney function. Renal tubular effects have been associated with abuse of toluene-containing solvents. Chronic exposure to toluene has caused nephropathy in rats.
3. Liver: Hepatomegaly has been reported in workers chronically exposed to toluene. Increased liver weights were reported in rats following subchronic exposure to toluene.
4. Respiratory system: Sore throat was one of the symptoms reported in workers chronically exposed to toluene. Chronic exposure of rats has produced lesions in olfactory and respiratory epithelia.
184.108.40.206 Other Target Organs
Reproduction: Equivocal evidence shows that exposure to toluene in utero causes an increased risk of CNS abnormalities and developmental delay in humans. Exposure during gestation has resulted in delayed skeletal maturation in rats and mice.
3.4.3 Other Routes of Exposure
Skin: Repeated or prolonged contact may cause drying and dermatitis.
4.1.1. Human
Information on the carcinogenicity of toluene in humans following oral exposure was not available.
4.1.2 Animal
In a 2-year gavage study, Maltoni et al. (1985) administered 500 mg/kg of toluene, 4 to 5 days/week to 40 male and 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats. At the end of the study, 8% of the treated males and 17.5% of the treated females developed hemolymphoreticular neoplasms compared with 7% of the treated males and 3% of the female controls, respectively.
4.2.1. Human
Svensson et al. (1990) studied a cohort of 1020 rotogravure workers exposed to toluene and employed for a minimum of 3 months in eight plants from 1925 to 1985. The overall incidence of tumors during the time period 1958-1985 was not increased. Among specific tumors, only those of the respiratory tract were significantly increased (16 observed vs 9 expected). However, statistical significance was not attained when only workers with an exposure period of at least 5 years and a latency period of at least 10 years were considered. Results of a retrospective cohort mortality study of 1008 male oil refinery workers exposed to toluene and other chemicals indicated that worker mortality due to all causes of death and to cancer were lower than that for the general population (Wen et al., 1985).
4.2.2 Animal
Two long-term bioassays found no evidence of carcinogenicity in rats and mice following inhalation of toluene. Compared with controls, the incidence of treatment-related neoplastic lesions was not increased in male and female F344 rats exposed to 30, 100, or 300 ppm, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 24 months (Gibson and Hardisty, 1983). Similarly, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity in male and female F344/N rats or male and female B6C3F1 mice exposed to 600 or 1200 ppm toluene, 6.5 hours/day, 5 days/week for 24 months (NTP, 1990).
4.3.1 Human
Information on the carcinogenicity of toluene in humans by other routes of exposure was not available.
4.3.2 Animal
Several studies examined the carcinogenicity of toluene following repeated dermal application in mice. Toluene applied to the shaved skin of male A/He, C3HeB, and SRW mice, three times weekly for life produced no carcinogenic response (Poel, 1963). No skin papillomas or carcinomas were observed in albino mice that received twice weekly dermal applications of toluene for 50 weeks (Coombs et al., 1973). One skin papilloma and one skin carcinoma was reported in a group of mice treated twice weekly for 72 weeks with 1 drop of a 0.2% solution of toluene (Lijinsky and Garcia, 1972). In initiation/promotion studies, toluene was reported to have little or no promoting activity after initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz()anthracene (DMBA) (EPA, 1990). Toluene inhibited skin carcinogenesis in mice in the two-stage model using benzo[a]pyrene or DMBA as tumor initiators and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate as a tumor promoter (Weiss et al., 1986).
Classification--Group D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity (EPA, 1992)
Basis: No human data and inadequate animal data. Toluene did not produce positive results in the majority of genotoxicity assays.
No carcinogenicity slope factors were calculated.
see also:
Uses & Sources Toluene Lawsuit Law Firm: Toluene Major Uses & Sources
Toluene Uses and Sources - Free Lawsuit Evaluation
Danger In Humans Toluene Lawsuit Law Firm: Toluene Danger In Humans
Toluene Danger In Humans - Free Lawsuit Evaluation by Toluene Law Firm
Learn More Toluene - FREE Resource Center
Toluene-: Learn More about Toluene


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Cooking and Baking
Surviving the flood 2010-----Dinner March 30, 2010?
Pretty high water everywhere here---- lucky my school is on a big hill. Kids might have to take alternate route to school tomorrow.
Soooo.. Need something warm and cozy tonight. Red lentil soup with lemon (NYTimes recipe), TJ's Naan, TJ's potato latkes, artichokes. and some kind of arugula salad. Stay dry.
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
Check out this post for a more thorough explanation, and jump onto our Facebook page or our Twitter feed to keep the conversations going!


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Okay, so I am attending The Vibe Awards in 13 days! I have never been to a major awards show in my life so this is really exciting for me. My purpose for being there of course is to Network, network, network!! And that's exactly what I plan on doing...letting them all "Get a taste of the Runway Diva!" in their mouths! I already whet their appetites on Mo'Nique's Fat Chance...now i'm gonna give em' a little taste!! lol Anyway, I have known about this event since forever and I know I need to get my butt together and be on top of my game when I get there. So that means diet and gym....two things I really ain't trying to hear right now. I have been in a "lazy" phase for the past 4 weeks. But now it's countdown time to see if I can take of some "chocolate" weight and get myself together by showtime. Well if today is any indication...a sista is already in trouble!!! Okay, I'm gonna go out and take a walk and try to jump start my motor. Will definitely keep you abreast of my progress.................
Okay it's 6:07pm and I have returned from my walk...which took me right past KFC....riiiighhhht....anyway, I am now home and trying to get up the energy to reorganize my spare room/closet. This is a task that has been ongoing for the last year or two and it's driving me nuts. Too many clothes/no closet space.....sigh..my fiance is trying to help motivate me to no avail and he's getting on my nerves too!!!!! I HATE CHORES AND HOUSEWORK!!!! I really do!!! I gotta get my celebrity on....because I need a housekeeper/maid. ARRRRGGGGGHHHH!!
Monday, October 31, 2005
Countdown to the Vibe Awards! 13 days and counting.....
Posted by Sharon Quinn - The ORIGINAL Runway Diva! at 2:50 PM
Labels: Celebrities, Entertainment
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Nancy O'Dell: Celeb Kids on Their Moms
Seven-year-old Roman dishes on his talk-show-host mommy!
What does your mommy do while you are at school?
"Work hard"
If your mom were an animal, what kind would she be?
"A girl lion because girl lions hunt for food like when Mommy goes shopping."
What is Mommy's favorite TV show?
"Mike and Molly"
My mom says the most important rule is...
"No spitting ever!"
I love my mommy because...
"She's always there when I call for her."
What food does Mom make best?
What makes your mommy laugh?
"I give her a sarcastic look like "Really, Mom, reaaaally!" [Holly: "This look makes me bust up no matter what mood I am in!"]
How tall is your mommy?
"6 feet" [She's actually 5'4".]
My favorite thing to do with my mommy is...
"Snuggling warm"
Nobody is better than [she is at]...
"Singing. She is the best sleepy singer."
Celebrity Parenting Mistakes (& Successes!) >>
Nancy O'Dell Chats with Christina Applegate >>


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Aberdeen Caledonian Thistle Celtic Dundee United Hearts Hibernian Kilmarnock Motherwell Partick Thistle Ross County St Johnstone St Mirren
Birmingham City Blackburn Rovers Blackpool Bolton Wanderers Bournemouth Brentford Brighton & Hove Albion Cardiff City Charlton Athletic Derby County Fulham Huddersfield Town Ipswich Town Leeds United Middlesbrough Millwall Norwich City Nottingham Forest Reading Rotherham United Sheffield Wednesday Watford Wigan Athletic
Liverpool boss Brendan Rodgers on alert as Alex Pearce's Reading contract row goes on
BRENDAN RODGERS is on alert after Brian McDermott admitted there is no end in sight to Alex Pearce's contract deadlock at Reading.
I want him to sign and he has to make a decision, but January is coming
Pearce is out of contract next summer but is still in talks with the Royals. And boss McDermott knows he could lose the Republic of Ireland international in a cut-price January swoop by the Kop boss.
McDermott said: "I want him to sign and he has to make a decision, but January is coming.
"If the two parties can't agree a deal, then what can you do?
"I never get involved in the money side of things. But it's not a case of take it or leave it."


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This event occurs daily, every 1 day(s).
Annual Memorial Day Traditional Archery Shoot will be held May 25 and 26 at the Cook Inlet Archers range on Kerbow Lane in Chugiak. 30 of our 3-D animal targets are set in actual hunting conditions. Traditional archery equipment includes recurve bows, longbows or primitive bows. Register at 9:00 am both days. Registration begins at 9 a.m. each day.
Cost is $25 for one day, $40 for both days for adults and youth (ages 13-18). Family cost for one day is capped @ $40 and both days @ $60. All kids 12 and under shoot free. Prizes awarded according to score. Scoring is optional. (Many of us do not keep score; we just shoot for the fun of it!)
Lunch and whole roast pig potluck dinner on Saturday and lunch on Sunday are all included in price.
Call 354-8589 for more information.
We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of this information. However, you should always call ahead to confirm dates, times, location, and other information.


text: Healthy Recipes Turkey Cutlets With Dried Cherries, Rosemary, and Port Recipe E-mail recipe Print recipe To save this recipe, register now! Quick Info: Servings Quick Meal Contains Wheat/Gluten Contains Dairy Nutritional Info (Per serving): Calories: 371, Saturated Fat: 1g, Sodium: 275mg, Dietary Fiber: 2g, Total Fat: 6g, Carbs: 31g, Cholesterol: 48mg, Protein: 30g Carb Choices: 2 Recipe Source: Prep Time: 15 mins Cook Time: 20 mins Total Time: 35 mins Ingredients 1 cup(s) wine, port, tawny or ruby, or cherry juice 1/2 cup(s) cherries, dried, sweet, pitted 1/2 cup(s) broth, chicken, less sodium 1 tablespoon cornstarch 1 pounds turkey, cutlets, 1/4-inch-thick 1/4 teaspoon salt 1/4 teaspoon pepper, black ground, freshly ground 1/3 cup(s) flour, all-purpose 4 teaspoon oil, olive, extra-virgin, divided 1 teaspoon butter 1/3 cup(s) onion(s), red, chopped 1 tablespoon rosemary, fresh, minced 1/4 cup(s) vinegar balsamic Preparation 1. Combine port (or cherry juice) and dried cherries in a small saucepan. Bring to a boil, reduce heat to low and simmer gently for 5 minutes. Cover and remove from heat. 2. Meanwhile, whisk broth and cornstarch in a small bowl until smooth. Season cutlets on both sides with salt and pepper. Place flour on a large plate and dredge the cutlets, shaking off excess flour. 3. Heat 2 teaspoons oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium heat. Add half the cutlets and cook until golden brown and just cooked through, 2 to 3 minutes per side. Transfer to a platter, cover and keep warm. 4. Add the remaining 2 teaspoons oil to the pan and repeat with the remaining cutlets. Transfer to the platter and cover. 5. Heat butter in the pan over medium heat. Add onion and rosemary and cook, stirring often, until the onion is tender, 3 to 4 minutes. 6. Whisk the cornstarch mixture and stir into the pan along with the cherry mixture and vinegar. 7. Reduce heat to low, return the turkey and any accumulated juices to the pan and cook, turning to coat with sauce, until heated through, 1 to 2 minutes. Serve the turkey topped with the cherry sauce. E-mail recipe Print recipe To save this recipe, register now!


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Full Review
Camp teams up with the Memphis rap star for this hot new remix….
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[EVENT RECAP] DJ Magic's 'Take it to the Streets' Custom Car & Bike Show
Tweet As the summer continues to heat up, some dope events occurred in the Big Apple, as Brooklyn played host to an amazing car and bike show experience. Bloggers and socialites were in attendance at the MCU parking lot in the Coney Island section of [...]
[HOT NEW MUSIC] Drake "Back to Back" (Meek Mill Diss)
Tweet WOW!! Drizzy just took things to a whole new level. Is it over for Meek???
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"I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands, one nation, under God, with Liberty and Justice for all. (Unless it might offend somebody.)"
Last Thursday a three-judge panel of the famously liberal 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled unanimously that administrators at Live Oak High School in the town of Morgan Hill, south of San Francisco, acted properly when five students wearing T-shirts that displayed the U.S. flag were ordered to take them off, wear them inside out, or go home.
The incident occurred nearly four years ago, on "Cinco de Mayo," a holiday celebrated in Mexico in observance of a 19th century victory over an occupying French army. That it took so long for this case to be heard on appeal says something about how overworked the federal court system is. Or, more likely, how inefficiently it performs its stated duty.
Lawyers representing students offended by the school's action want a hearing before the entire 11-member Court. If the panel's ruling is upheld, they plan to take their case to the U.S. Supreme Court.
One of the lawyers in the case, William Becker, said, "It's pretty incredible that the First Amendment rights of students to express their patriotic views has to take the backseat to the rights of students who want to celebrate another nation."
The student body at Live Oak High School is reportedly about 40 percent Hispanic. School administrators said there had been near altercations between rival gangs and that to forestall possible violence it was considered necessary not to offend Hispanic students by displaying the U.S. flag on Cinco de Mayo.
Judge Margaret McKeown, a member of the 9th Circuit panel, wrote that "given the history of prior events at the school, including an altercation on campus, it was reasonable for school officials to proceed as though the threat of a potentially violent disturbance was real."
It apparently didn't occur to school officials or the 9th Circuit that in the face of a "potentially violent disturbance" less radical measures might have been taken to forestall it, rather than the absurdity of forbidding display of the U.S. flag at an American school on a Mexican holiday.
Was there no authority the school could have appealed to? No extra security available to prevent the outbreak of a "potentially violent disturbance"?
For now, the law has come down on the side of those who would answer "no" to the foregoing.
But as Charles Dickens' Mr. Bumble said, "If the law supposes that, the law is a ass - a idiot."
As, unfortunately, it frequently is in the increasingly supine bureaucracies running, into the ground, the nation's schools and courts.
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Recipe Syndicate
A collection of unique recipes from around the globe.
Monthly Archive for March, 2010
Bolo de Banana (Banana Cake)
Bolos are very popular in Brazil and there are hundreds of different types to choose from. The first one that I ever tried was in the city of Salvador in Brazil's Bahia State. I was staying with a friend's aunt who, upon my arrival, was in the midst of preparing for a big party at her house. The woman that was doing most of the cooking for the big event let me try some of the bolo and I was hooked … [Read More]


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Route Grade Votings
Total votes cast 14
Adjacent Routes
12m. Start up Spastic Spider, thread, and move left around the arete onto the wall, thin climbing up this leads to a high and well hidden lower-off on the left. A few medium wires will be found useful at the top on easier ground.
Nice warm up - water worn limestone and really technical. Good climbing not pumpy at all, just thin and technical.
Now has new lower off. R.McConnell


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WVU board to meet in search for interim president
MORGANTOWN, W.Va. (AP) — The West Virginia University Board of Governors is set to meet in its effort to find an interim president.
The board will meet Thursday in Morgantown.
President Jim Clements was named Clemson University's 15th president on Nov. 11.
Last week the board agreed on a process to identify potential candidates for the interim post and authorized a search for a permanent president.
The board also decided the interim president wouldn't be in line to get the job permanently.
The Herald-Dispatch welcomes your comments on this article, but please be civil. Avoid profanity, obscenity, personal attacks, accusations of criminal activity, name-calling or insults to the other posters. Herald-dispatch.com does not control or monitor comments as they are posted, but if you find a comment offensive or uncivil, hover your mouse over the comment and click the X that appears in the upper right of the comment. If you do not want your comment to post to your personal Facebook page, uncheck the box below the comment.


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Disclosed are an intragastric support frame, for implantation within the stomach for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Also disclosed is a tissue anchor deployment system, for attachment to a tissue wall.
1. A tissue anchor deployment system, for advancing through a channel in an endoscope, comprising:
a tubular body, having a sharpened distal end;
a tissue attachment structure within the tubular body; and
a removable sheath surrounding at least the sharpened distal end, for isolating the sharpened distal end from a wall of the channel.
2. An intragastric support frame or implantation in the stomach, comprising:
at least a first and a second inflatable balloon, each having an elongate curved body with a proximal end and a distal end, at least a first and a second inflatable balloon connected together at each of the proximal and distal ends to form a support frame;
wherein the fully assembled and inflated support frame is sufficiently dimensioned to prevent passage through the pyloris.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/568,929 filed May 7, 2004, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to devices and methods for performing gastric surgery, particularly for facilitating gastric surgery using endoscopic methods, as described below.
2. Description of the Related Art
Gastrointestinal sleeve devices for treatment of obesity have been described in prior applications, as have various devices and methods for attachment of a gastrointestinal sleeve device within a patient's digestive tract. The present invention is directed to soft intragastric frames that may be used to house various devices used during surgery. The present invention is also directed to new devices and methods for sewing through an endoscope.
A tissue anchor deployment system, for advancing through a channel in an endoscope, comprising: a tubular body, having a sharpened distal end; a tissue attachment structure within the tubular body; and a removable sheath surrounding at least the sharpened distal end, for isolating the sharpened distal end from a wall of the channel.
An intragastric support frame or implantation in the stomach, comprising: at least a first and a second inflatable balloon, each having an elongate curved body with a proximal end and a distal end, at least a first and a second inflatable balloon connected together at each of the proximal and distal ends to form a support frame; wherein the fully assembled and inflated support frame is sufficiently dimensioned to prevent passage through the pyloris.
An intragastric soft building frame can be formed as a structure made out of balloons using three or four banana-shaped balloons connected at the top and bottom into a frame. They could be assembled together inside the stomach or could be pre-assembled and expanded inside the stomach to form the necessary shape. Suitable connectors can be provided on the appropriate surfaces of the balloons for assembling the building frame together in the desired configuration. The device could be used for parking objects for use during an operation, for example an endoscopic camera, surgical instruments or components, or implantable devices. Alternatively, it could be implanted inside the stomach for short or extended periods of time and could support other structures, which could process or conduct fluid or solid materials through the stomach. It could hold a camera for long-term use. The device provides a light, soft structure. The device could be inflated with a gas, such as air or helium, or with a liquid, such as saline solution. Mucosal contact points should be softened to avoid ischemia due to the weight of the device and any other structures attached to it. The size of the intragastric soft building frame relative to the stomach can be varied based upon on the clinical application and the anatomy of the individual patient. The expanded dimension should be large enough to prevent passage through the pylorus.
The banana-shaped balloons of the building frame can be assembled in a number of different configurations.
The inflatable balloons can be made of silicone, PU, PE, polyolefin, PET or other polymeric material. Materials such as PE and PET could be advantageous as they can be configured to have less distention, deflection and/or deformation and thereby provide improved mechanical support. Mechanical enhancements such as ribs, folds or reinforcing materials such as nylon or Kevlar fibers can also be included to enhance mechanical support. Balloon devices would preferably be inflated in place and would include inflating and/or deflating means. If the inflating/deflating means were removable, a reversible coupling means and/or a valve or inflation port sealing means could also be included. If used to support devices e.g. endoscopic sewing devices, mechanical coupling can optionally be included to interface with devices using the intragastric support. Examples of such couplings include U-shaped channels, rings, hooks, snaps and other means known in the art.
Devices and methods are described for sewing through the biopsy channel of a conventional endoscope, as shown in
Some endoscopic sewing methods use suction to control the depth of needle penetration into tissue. These include the BARD Endocinch and the Wilson Cook SewRight. These methods have two disadvantages. They increase the overall diameter of the endoscope from 11 mm to 15-18 mm depending on the size of the overtube or sewing capsule head. This makes the procedure uncomfortable for the patients and the procedure must be done under heavy sedation or general anesthesia. The other difficulty is that, when suction is applied to a cavity, the subsequent depth of gastric muscle penetrated by the needle is variable. This is in part due to the variable loose attachment of the mucosa and submucosa to the muscle and in part due to some variation in thickness of tissue. Another issue is that the tissue may be sucked into the cavity as two adjacent folds and the needle may run completely or partly between the folds thus failing to penetrate as deeply as is desirable. This seems to be due to large variations in stomach wall thickness, which is confirmed by measurements made of the stomach wall thickness in patients having resections for bleeding gastric ulcers (published in Gastroenterology in 1986). These measurements however were all performed on the wall adjacent to the ulcer, which was the point of interest for the study. Recent measurements of wall thickness with EUS at live surgery suggest that there may not be as much variation in wall thickness in healthy tissue. Nonetheless, wall thickness becomes a significant factor when it is important to sew to the correct depth using flexible endoscopy without knowledge of the gastric wall thickness. Pushing a needle into tissue tends to compress the mucosa and submucosa against the muscle, while suctioning the mucosa into a cavity tends to expand the distance to the serosa. Depending on the outer diameter of the needle and its sharpness and coefficient of friction, there may be some drag as the needle penetrates the tissue, which may increase the distance the needle must travel to penetrate to the serosa. The needle bevel is an important factor in the force required to push through tissue and will also influence the distance the T member of a T-tag fastener delivered through the needle must travel to reach its target. The distance of travel of the pushing rod may also need to be varied if the rod is to be used with the endoscope in both straight and extreme flexion configurations. The sewing method could be used with a T-tag fastener and suture as described herein. New knotting mechanisms and new ways of cutting thread are also disclosed. All of these can be deployed through a 2.8 mm diameter channel of a conventional gastroscope and do not require that the instrument be removed to tie knots or place extra stitches.
One goal of aspects of this invention is to develop new devices and methods for sewing during flexible endoscopy using sutures or fasteners, such as T-tag fasteners. The device includes a needle that can be pushed through tissue. There is an adjustable stop that allows penetration to a predetermined depth. The needle is short and is attached to a flexible shaft in order to allow the needle to be used in a flexed endoscope without restricting the bending radius of the scope, which is important, for example, for use at the cardio-esophageal junction. A method for expanding the stop mechanism is disclosed.
The needle, shown in
The needle can be sheathed in order to protect the biopsy channel as the needle passes through the scope. One embodiment, shown in
The device can preferably include a release mechanism for the T member and suture of a T-tag fastener. A highly flexible wire push rod, such as one formed of NiTi or stainless steel, could be used to eject the T member of the T-tag fastener from the distal end of the needle after it has penetrated the tissue to a predetermined depth. Hydraulic release of the T member would be another option. Alternatively, the T member of the T-tag fastener could be mounted on the end of the catheter to act as a needle for penetrating the tissue. In this embodiment, the T member can include a penetrating point at its distal end. In another embodiment, the catheter could act as the pushing rod or a coaxial pushing rod could be used to separate the T member from the catheter. The suture of the T-tag fastener could pass through the hollow catheter or outside of it.
The handle, which is connected to the needle catheter, is preferably configured to provide precise control over the movement of the needle and the pushing rod or T-tag ejector to carry out the method as described below.
The suture of the T-tag fastener can be tied using conventional methods or the T-tag fastener may optionally include a suture locking mechanism as is known in the art.
By way of example, the sewing method is described below using the embodiment of the sewing device shown in
Method steps:
The flexible endoscope is maneuvered to the target tissue.
The needle catheter is advanced through the biopsy channel of the scope.
The split protective needle sheath opens as the needle emerges from the tip of the scope.
The needle is plunged into the gastric tissue to a depth of 2-3 mm, with the open protective needle sheath acting as a stop to control the depth of needle penetration.
The pusher is advanced to eject the T member of the T-tag fastener from the distal end of the needle just beyond the serosal surface.
The needle catheter is withdrawn into the biopsy channel of the scope and the split protective needle sheath closes.
The suture is secured by tying or by pushing a suture lock onto the suture.
Optionally, the device may be configured to perform the sewing, locking and cutting of the suture in a single action. If the suture is passed through an open locking mechanism over the needle, the suture could be locked by pushing the catheter, sheath and lock forward.
While the present invention has been described herein with respect to the exemplary embodiments and the best mode for practicing the invention, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications, improvements and subcombinations of the various embodiments, adaptations and variations can be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
Citada por
Eventos legales
Imagen original


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Sometimes you need to type in the path of a file or a folder or maybe just a filename. Usually, you go to the Address bar in Windows Explorer, copy the text, and switch to your document and paste it. Of course, if you also need the file's name, you have to start the rename process, copy the name, cancel the rename, then switch to your document and paste it in, too. I don't need to tell you how tedious this is (but I did anyway).
That's why I wrote Path To Clipboard. There are other extensions that do a similar job, but they either do too much (cluttering your menus) or they do too little (only work on one file at a time).
Download Free (32- and 64-bit)
Path To Clipboard copies the path, directory, or name of the selected file to the clipboard. It also copies the paths or names when you select multiple files, folders, and shortcuts. It even follows shortcuts and offers to copy the path, directory, or name of the file the shortcut is pointing to. (Path To Clipboard presents those paths in a separate menu.)
Menu for a single file:
Menu for multiple files:
Path To Clipboard requires Microsoft .NET Framework 4. Path To Clipboard runs on Microsoft® Windows® 7, Vista, XP Home and Professional, Server 2003, and 2000. There is also a 64-bit version.
1.5.122: Fixed stubborn 64-bit setup issue.
1.3.119: Fixed 64-bit setup issue.
1.3.118: Fixed issue with "All Paths" and "All Names" menu commands.
1.3.115: Updated installer.
1.3.100: Fixed issue with jump lists in Windows 7.
1.3.80: Small update for .NET Framework 4. There is still an issue with jump lists in Windows 7.
1.00: Initial release (32-bit and 64-bit).


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Gear Review
Love this wrap sweater
- Gender: Female
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
I purchased the Charcoal in Medium and I love everything about this sweater! I love the graphic design and the way it drapes in the front looks awesome open or wrapped around you when you get chilly. It's thinner material than other cardigans I have but it's definitely perfect for keeping me warm around the house or at the office.
View More Details on Billabong On A Good Path Sweater - Women's


text:
Waste Management: 1 to 1
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Mattresses Waste Management in Orange
Area auto-widened to the state of California - no Waste Managements were found in the city of Orange, CA
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Waste Contractor in Van Nuys, California
"College Hunks Hauling Junk is a hauling company & our mission is to recycle & donate all items hauled away from residential & commercial. We DO NOT use landfills. Our pricing is all inclusive of labor, loading & recycling.
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"RDS RECYCLE AND DISPOSAL SERVICES Is family owned and operated. We offer a wide variety of comprehensive services and benefits that are designed to cater to the specific needs of our customers. Our experienced, professional and amiable staff members are dedicated to ensuring your 100% satisfaction on each and every job. Call today to experience the many benefits that dedication and business integrity can bring.
(602) 388-1754
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Mattresses Waste Management
These contractors collect mattresses in Orange, haul mattresses and dispose of mattresses in Orange. They pick up mattresses, recycle mattresses and remove mattresses in Orange. Other services include Orange mattress collection, Orange mattress removal and Orange mattress disposal. These best contractors in Orange are experienced at collecting mattresses, hauling mattresses and disposing mattresses in Orange. They can help with picking up mattresses in Orange, recycling mattresses and removing mattresses in Orange.
These companies in Orange are referred to as waste management companies and waste disposal companies. But they include an array of waste service providers such as trash collectors, garbage collection companies, recycling companies and junk collectors. The licensing of waste contractors varies by state. Regulations tend to focus around the use of specialized vehicles and equipment or the location and handling of materials.


text:
Universal design is an approach to designing course
instruction, materials, and content to benefit people of all learning styles
without adaptation or retrofitting. Universal design provides equal access to
learning, not simply equal access to information. Universal Design allows the
student to control the method of accessing information while the teacher
monitors the learning process and initiates any beneficial methods.
This section adapted
from the Partnership Grant through Ohio
State University.
Creating Accessible PDFs:


text: ‹Previous Next› ITEM NO. 3386C DESCRIPTION 16" Brushed Nickel Ceiling Fixture, with Frosted Glass diffuser. Recommend 40 watt circline bulb with electronic ballast (bulb included) SHIPPING CODE: C - Custom This is a non-stocked item, but as of last night we have 114 available for sale. If you need more than that, this item has a minimum order quantity of 50 and a turnaround time of approximately 14 weeks. AVAILABILITY SCHEDULE: In Stock Today: 114 Available Within 1-2 Weeks: 114 Available Within 2-4 Weeks: 114 Available Within 4-6 Weeks: 114 Available Within 6-14 Weeks: 114 MINIMUM ORDER: 50 Request Information for 3386C * = Required. *Name: Don't fill this out: *Email: Phone: (Used for contacting you instead of email, if entered.) How Can We Help You? How would you like to Modify this Lamp? DO NOT FILL OUT:


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Site Feedback
Beyond citing sources: copyright issues?
redhead raised an important point about citations (this was originally going to be a reply, but I realised that it didn't answer anything, but raised another question), but I was wondering about the extent to which it's alright to post recipes on this site.
I've noticed many of the recipes say 'adapted from': Does this mean we need to make a minor tweak, and then cite something as 'adapted from'? I tend to be very precise about the recipes I pass along to others, so I have misgivings about this.
So far, I've simply held off from posting recipes, and have stuck with 'recipe x' from Y's book, 'z'. If the source is not necessarily an easy one to find (e.g. out of print), I feel bad doing this. What are the ground rules for posting recipes, apart from accurately citing the source in full?
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
Check out this post for a more thorough explanation, and jump onto our Facebook page or our Twitter feed to keep the conversations going!


text: Artistic License is described as a "mid-tone frosty pink gold [with a Veluxe Pearl finish]." It's a warm, peachy-pink with a golden sheen. It had decent color payoff but is somewhat sheer. It could be softer, more buttery, for a Veluxe Pearl. Urban Decay X is similar. MAC Dynamic Duo 1 #1 has a less pronounced golden sheen. MAC Expensive Pink is more orange, darker. Chanel Intuition #1 is pinker. See comparison swatches.


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Frustrated and frightened.
That's the way many residents in Josephine County feel when they call 9-1-1 and there's no one able to respond. Now they are out of money and down to just a few deputies for the whole county after tax levy's have failed.
The 9-1-1 call says it all.
"911 emergency?" asks the dispatcher.
"My ex-boyfriend is trying to break into my house. I'm not letting him in but he's like, tried to break down the door and he's tried to break into one of the windows," said the caller who cried out for help.
A rural Josephine County woman fearing for her life calls 9-1-1 as her ex-boyfriend Michael Bellah tries to break into her home in the middle of the night last summer.
The woman explains that bellah has a violent past.
"He put me in the hospital a few weeks ago and i have been trying to keep him away," says the caller.
But the Josephine County Sheriff's office isn't able to respond because of thier limited hours and staff. So she's transferred to the Oregon State Police, but again no help. Other than words from the dispatcher.
"Uh, I don't have anybody to send out there. Uou know, obviously, if he comes inside the residence and assaults you, can you ask him to go away?" asks the dispatcher.
The woman replies, I've already asked him. I've already told him I was calling you. He's broken in before, busted down my door, assaulted me."
And that's exactly what he did again. He was arrested later that day by state police and now sits in the state prison in Pendleton.
The unidentified victim's story is similar to a lot of others and lawmakers have had enough.
The Oregon House of Representatives is currently reviewing house-bill 3453 which in a nutshell would give the governor the authority to declare a financial emergency for each county and levy new taxes to pay for public safety.
Something that at least half of Josephine County voters and commissioner Simon Hare do not agree with.
"I'm never for authority being usurped by the state. I think we are best in a position to reflect the will of the people here and I always advocate for local control," said Hare.?
It's unclear how much of mandated tax would be.


text:
Is there a way to use adb directly via bluetooth instaad of always via usb?
Personally, I use ADBWireless (alternate link) with my G1 on CM5 because I had problems with the USB driver working correctly between my computer and my G1. However, I had problems with this app in CM4 (to test against Android 1.6) on my G1. I was able to get it to work on CM4 with Remote ADB.
Note, however, that these connect to the device via ADB via wifi, not Bluetooth.
You'll pull up a command line on your computer and type adb connect xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:5555 (x's being your ip address of the phone over wifi). You'll have to run this in the tools directory of your Android SDK, or you need to add your Android SDK tools directory to your global PATH variable so you can run adb from anywhere.
Your phone will show up as its ip address:port number in the list of devices to push your application to, just as if it was plugged in directly via usb.
I haven't tried this myself, how about trying ADBWireless. It uses Wifi instead of Bluetooth.
I'm using Easy Remote and it works well on Android 2.3.7. You can find downloads and information on its website.


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Latest Office Hours! The Definition of Sanctification
Office Hours kicks off with a new series entitled, "The Pilgrim Life: Conforming to Christ" by talking with Dr. David M. VanDrunen, Robert B. Strimple Professor of Systematic Theology and Christian Ethics, about the God who not only justifies, but also sanctifies.
You can find this latest episode here.
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9 / 9 / 2013
CONTRIBUTORSVFT S. M. Baugh R. Scott Clark Bryan D. Estelle Michael S. Horton Hywel R. Jones Joel E. Kim Robert B. Strimple Joshua J. Van Ee David M. VanDrunen W. Robert Godfrey Kim Riddlebarger J. V. Fesko Iain M. Duguid John G. Bales Dennis E. Johnson Danny Hyde
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May 22, 2013
FRISCO – Three Lamar women's tennis players were honored for their academic achievement on Wednesday as the Southland Conference named Carolina Salas, Natalia Mayagoitia and Alicia Porte to the All-Academic team.
Salas, a senior out of Monterrey, Mexico, was named to the first team after she compiled a 5-4 record at No. 1 singles in conference play, earning a spot on the All-Southland second team in the process. She boasts of a 3.66 grade point average in industrial engineering.
Mayagoitia and Porte each earned spots on the second team. Mayagoitia, who put up a 3.35 GPA in psychology, was honored as such for the second straight season after recording 13 wins from 20 matches. Porte went 9-9 this year and had a 3.75 GPA in accounting. The Marseille, France, native had the second-best GPA on both All-Academic squads.
In all, Lamar was tied with Northwestern State for the most selections to the teams. Andrea Nedorostova of the Lady Demons was named the conference's Student-Athlete of the Year.
The All-Academic teams are voted on by the head coaches, sports information directors and academic/compliance administrators from each SLC member. Student-athletes must possess a 3.0 cumulative GPA, have completed one full academic year the nominating institution and participated in at least 50 percent of the team's competition to qualify for the all-academic squad.


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Mar 242011
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text: Free Replay WAR MMA June 22 Click the link below to proceed. On the following page you will have the option to pay what you want or to click on "Return to Donations Coordinator" and watch for free. The highest donor for the REPLAY gets this pair of SEVEN FIGHTGEAR gloves signed by Nick Diaz! The On-Demand replay is free, but it's up to you to support WAR MMA and its fighters.