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The Future of Higher Education in America
Dr. Mark A. Smith, President of Ohio Christian University, member of the State Board of Education for Ohio, and Chair of the Association of Biblical Higher Education, and Dave Garrison, host of The Faith & Liberty Talk Show, discuss current issues in American higher education. Specifically, Dr. Smith and Dave discuss the benefits of a Christian university education, the causes and remedies for the high cost of a college degree, a Christian's involvement in the political arena, and the future of higher education.
- Roger Kimball's Tenured Radicals
- The Heritage Foundation paper, Accreditation: Removing the Barrier to Higher Education
- Howard Gardner's Mulitple Intelligences, Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education; Harvard Graduate School of Education
- David Dockery's Renewing Minds
Episode 6: The Future of Higher Education in America
Featured Guests
Mark A. Smith, President
Dr. Mark Smith is President of Ohio Christian University. He is in his 10th year and has led a team of experts in growing the University from 380 to more than 4,200 students. He has helped fund 20 million dollars in facilities. Prior to coming to Ohio Christian University, Dr. Smith served as Vice President for Adult and Graduate Studies from 2001 through 2005 at Indiana Wesleyan University, where he previously served as Dean.
Dr. Smith has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Hobe Sound College and a master's degree in college teaching from Northeastern State University.
He attended Kansas University's Graduate School and graduated from West Virginia University with a Doctor of Education degree. Dr. Smith completed Harvard University's Institute of Educational Management for Executive Management.
Dr. Smith has served on numerous educational and political boards and was appointed for a 3 year term to the FIPSE Board which focused on Excellence in Education by President George Bush. He serves on several corporate and private boards, including the Columbus 2020 - Ohio Regional Economic Development Board and the ELEOS Corporate board.
Smith has published numerous articles for professional and education organizations. His publications include the co-authored books: Leading Change in Your World and The Church Leader's MBA, a management manual for church leaders.
Dr. Smith has been married to his wife, Debbie, for 26 years and they have two children. His passion and drive for leadership is the foundation of his professional endeavors and service.


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Environmental Protection and Growth Management Department PERMITTING, LICENSING AND CONSUMER PROTECTION DIVISION 1 N. University Drive, Box #302 • Plantation, Florida 33324 • 954-765-4400 • broward.org/permittingandlicensing Chauffeur's Code of Conduct As an applicant for a Broward County chauffeur's registration, I am acknowledging that I am, and will be governed by the standards of conduct contained in the provisions of Section 221/2 - 9A, Broward County Code of Ordinances. I acknowledge that the standards listed below are some (but not all) of the provisions contained in that section, and I am agreeing that I will conduct myself in accordance with all of the provisions of Section 221/2– 9A, placing a high priority on the standards listed below. 1. I will conduct myself in a professional and courteous manner, and I will maintain a neat appearance, whenever I perform public transportation services. 2. I will always drive safely and use defensive driving techniques for the protection of my passengers and the general driving public. 3. At all times, I will avoid the use of abusive language and the display of discourteous behavior toward passengers. 4. I will NOT talk on my cellular phone while transporting passengers, except in an emergency, and then only for the shortest possible time. 5. As the driver of a taxicab, I must have my chauffeur's registration on display in the vehicle in plain view of passengers whenever I operate that vehicle. 6. As the driver of a luxury limousine, luxury sedan, or transport van, I must have my chauffeur's registration in my possession whenever I operate the vehicle, and I must make the chauffeur's registration available for inspection. 7. I will use the most direct and economical route to a destination unless my passenger(s) instruct me to take another route or agree to my taking another route. 8. As the driver of a taxicab, I will not transport any passenger without turning on the taximeter in the vehicle. I will charge, and collect from, the passenger(s) only the exact amount shown on the taximeter. 9. As a driver of a luxury sedan, luxury limousine, or transport van I shall not solicit passengers for transportation service, or accept passengers for transportation service who have not made advance arrangements for such service. 10. At all times, I will cooperate fully in furnishing information (such as my chauffeur's registration, my driver license, my vehicle registration, or my daily manifest/trip sheet) to a Permitting, Licensing and Consumer Protection Division Inspector, a law enforcement officer, or an employee of any other lawfully authorized body. 11. If asked by a Permitting, Licensing and Consumer Protection Division Inspector, a law enforcement officer, or an employee of any other lawfully authorized body, I will sign any citation issued to me. 12. At no time shall I display hostile, aggressive, or inappropriate behavior toward any employee of the Broward County Permitting, Licensing and Consumer Protection Division, any law enforcement agency, or any other lawfully authorized body.
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subset: commoncrawl


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I'm pretty sure every woman has a sex tape or naked photos of themselves floating around the Internet somewhere. If my mom called and told me we had to talk, I'd slam the phone down before she could cry about a clip of her and Sam the Butcher getting jiggy on 4Chan. Demi Lovato hasn't been right since Barney made her do nasty from me to you kisses with Baby Bop in the playhouse. She inherited an eating disorder from her mom. By nine she was choking out her Oscar Meyer snack packs to keep her junior muffin top at bay. Then came cutting and drugs and worst of all, sex with Wilmer Valderrama. That right there should be enough to make you send back the lunch you already ate. Now, somebody's shopping her sex tape and leaking out pictures that sure do look like her showing all kinds of human like intimacy and some titties. I'd say she made some unfortunate decisions in her life, but that'd just be the drugs talking. Hers, not mine. I think the bigger lesson learned here is that Corey Feldman has been right all along. Hollywood is a bunch of creepy sex fiends and pedophiles and opportunists looking to get over on stage kids either too young or too fucked up to know any better. I'm not blaming Wilmer, he lacks the intellectual capacity to be a conspirator. I'm going to go ahead and blame Demi's mom, for being mental. And also for pushing her daughter into stardom when going to school, meeting cute boys, and maybe going on to be an interior decorator would've perhaps proved healthier. But that's just me being all judgmental while I stare at Demi's tits.
Demi Lovato Topless Pictures Leaked And Here's Why You Should Care
(9) Comments
zuzivumuf 04/05/2014 07:36
I buy almost everything except food and clothing from online auctions most people aren't aware of the almost unbelievable deals that they can get from online auction sites the site that has the best deals is http://ow.ly/vi1pn
I checked with the BBB and was told that it is all legit. How they can sell gift cards, laptops, cameras, and all kinds of goodies that we all want for 50-90% off, I don't know I do know that I bought my son an ipad there for less than $100 and my husband a $250 Low gift
cards for $48Why would I even think about shopping anyþlace else?
Hugh G. Rection 04/05/2014 10:43
She's got more tattoos than a Russian convict.
jblank1074 04/05/2014 11:34
Nice tits…..too many tats.
ysnkys 04/05/2014 17:37
more have leak. they're lq because the hq ones are for sales. http://rainingrares.tumblr.com/tagged/DL
Beylerbey 04/05/2014 19:48
Shouldn't Wilmer be sitting on a pole in his native Paraguay with all the other underrage male prostitutes? What gives?
Shortshanks 04/07/2014 09:39
I like nudes….and the story……
………………………………………….but as far as the "headline" goes ( And Here's Why You Should Care )……………..is that in the follow-up post?
Shortshanks 04/07/2014 09:41
She's 21 !!!!
….not much scandal to see here…..
Admiral 04/07/2014 13:06
Okay, she just got a LOT more interesting.
LovaticTillTheEnd 06/26/2014 16:32
hello idiots. Go ahead and keep drooling men. For here you see a random chick who decided to trick y'alls stupid men minds(and women). Her faith AND bird tattoos are on the wrong arm dummies. // Did you just say that her depression and drug abuse was a crime. Didn't know it made you an alien! Insulting half the world isn't a nice thing. Wouldn't do that. Children, Adults, and teens cut and have depression + over dose. It's not a crime, ok. Sooo NO holding that against her. Wow.. People having sex? Thats a total first O:! Let me know when you never have sex, k? // Messed up? If you mean messed up as in she has a pretty normal life besides being famous? Unless you mean the power of bullies? and depression. I have a depression and I dont see 50 million people talking about me.. SO um stfu? and leave her alone. (ps not a option) How bout we blame people like you. :)
Have a terrible life:)
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Marks & Gardner Gallery
Marks & Gardner Gallery @ Secret Garden is committed to exhibiting quality contemporary art by established and emerging Australian artists. The innovative exhibition program presents exhibitions by contemporary painters, sculptors, printmakers, jewelers and designers, together with focus exhibitions including original illustrations from children's books, and an annual ceramic exhibition.
Open from Wednesday to Sunday 9am – 4pm,
69 Main Western Road, North Tamborine 4272
Phone: 07 5545 4992 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: www.marksandgardner.com
Arthur Hamblin Art Gallery
Cedar Creek Estate on Mount Tamborine is home to beautiful vineyards, restaurants and glow worm caves. The Estate has dedicated an art gallery to award winning artist, Arthur Hamblin. Arthur's paintings capture the heat, colours and the vastness of the outback and his work is collected nationally and internationally.
Open 10am to 4pm 7 days a week
104 - 144 Hartley Road, North Tamborine QLD
Phone: 07 5545 1666 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: www.cedarcreekestate.com.au
The Polish Place - Fine/Folk Gallery
The Gallery is dedicated to Polish art, artifacts, Jewelery, wall hangings, paintings by well-known Polish artists fashioned in oils, water colours, pencil sketches and glass are displayed and are for sale.
333 Main Western Road, Tamborine Mountain QLD 4272
Fax/Phone: (07) 5545 1603 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: www.polishplace.com.au/fine_folk_art_gallery
Hilltop on Tamborine Mountain
Hilltop and Fireworks Gallery is the place to visit to enjoy quality contemporary Indigenous work over a gourmet tea or coffee, crocodile or kangaroo pie, bush tucker scones or homemade light lunch on the balcony with a beautiful coastal view on Tamborine Mountain.
1525 Tamborine-Oxenford Road Wongawallan QLD 4210
Phone: 07 5545 1424 Website: www.accommodationmttamborine.com/aboriginal-art-cafe
P J Art Gallery
P J Art Gallery has now become one of the must see places while visiting the Gold Coast.
Peter J Hill's paintings are distinguished by special observations of his subject which allows him to achieve a realism which reflects a sensitivity and respect for the Rural Countryside as well as The Australian Outback.
136 Long Road, Gallery Walk Eagle Heights, QLD
Phone: 07 5545 0089 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: www.pjart.com.au
Clemart Gallery & Art Supplies
Wayne Clements brings his art to the people and creates his work live on site for all to see, capturing his memories of his travels on canvas, reflecting our times and the world in which we live. His flamboyant style and signature effects result from his humorous approach and enthusiasm, his work intrigues the eye and touches the heart.
Shop 3 159 Long Road , Gallery Walk, Eagle Heights,QLD 4272
Phone: 07 5545 3139
Opening Hours: 7 days 10am - 4pm.
Margaret Goldsmith's Studio & Art Gallery
The Margaret Goldsmith Art Gallery has been operating successfully for the past sixteen years. Margaret's gallery and studio is set amongst beautiful gardens and orchards with a spectacular view to the coast.
Margaret says, "I paint from the heart in an expressionistic style with the aim of simplification and directness."
83 Bateke Road Mt Tamborine QLD 4272
Phone :07 5545 2727 Email : email@example.com
Website: www.margaretgoldsmithartist.com.au
Coffee Plantation & Cafe
The Mount Tamborine Coffee Plantation is a small family owned and operated boutique coffee plantation and roastery specialising in producing high quality gourmet coffee.
If you are in the area, why not take the time to visit the Café Gallery which is located at the plantation.
64 Alpine Terrace Mt Tamborine, Qld 4272
Phone:(07) 5545 3856 Email: email@example.com
Opening hours: 10:00am - 4:00pm Monday to Friday
Gallery Works
Gallery Works specialises in works on paper from a broad range of emerging, established and internationally famous Australian artists. Gallery Works aims to support and encourage emerging and established artists by providing studio facilities and professional guidance for drawing, printmaking and sculpture.
1 Bartle Road Mount Tamborine, Qld 4272
Phone:(07) 5545 4590 Email: email@example.com
Website: www.galleryworks.com.au
Opening hours: 11.00am to 4.00pm Thursday to Monday


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Hundreds of unique traditional and contemporary Star of David necklaces by top Israeli artists. Makes the perfect gift for a wedding, birthday, Bat Mitzvah, or any special occasion.
The Dead Sea Scrolls are among the most important archaeological treasures ever found in the Holy Land.
Whether you're looking for a classic wool tallit, a modern tallit, or even highly fashionable artistic tallit, you will find what you're looking for here!
This gorgeous wall hanging features the Biblical verse from King David's wisdom, Im eshkachech Yerushalayim, tishkach yemini ("If I forget you, O Jerusalem, may my right hand forget itself.") (Psalms 137:5). A beautiful prayer for our times, and a wonderful gift for anybody.
Beautify your home with a breathtaking work of Jewish art! David Fisher's internationally acclaimed masterpieces combine the modern craft of laser cutting technology with a passion for tradition. Guaranteed to transform your walls into a source of meaning and joy.
Covered in highly embossed leatherette, with the page edges painted in gold leaf, the book is a beautiful as it is practical. This book, intended for the entire family, features an array of blessings, dedications, prayers, and hymns for the Sabbath and holidays.
This new treasury of Sabbath favourites will earn an honored place in your home.
The incredible story of Israel's rebirth - this landmark series is the masterpiece of Israeli documentaries and the crowning achievement of Israeli television.
Show your support for the strong alliance of America and Israel, who share the role as the world leading representatives of the values of freedom, democracy and human rights.
This is one of the most unforgettable tastes of Israel. Turkish coffee, popularly and affectionately called "mud" in Israel, is the strong (usually sweet) drink served at coffee houses throughout the Middle East.
Castel Grand Vin - Castel's premium red wine. It is made from a selection of the best vineyards. It is a blend of 70% Cabernet Sauvignon, 22% Merlot and 8% Petit Verdot, Cabernet Franc and Malbec.
This beautiful seven-branched menorah is modeled after the golden menorah that once stood in the Holy Temple of Jerusalem.
The centerpiece of the Passover Seder, the Seder plate holds various ritual Seder items. Choose from a wide variety of elegant traditional designs, including historical replicas, or go for a more modern design by one of Israel's top contemporary artisans. An instant conversation starter!
This wonderful gift set comes beautifully packaged with four special treatments for the body and senses from AHAVA Dead Sea cosmetics!
Item #123009
List Price$29.95
Your Price
You Save$5.00 (17%)
Alc/Vol: 14%
Size: 750 ml
Region: Israel
The Wine
The 2009 Gamla Sangiovese possesses attractive notes of fresh cherries, dried flowers and berry jam along with nuances of oak, spice and chocolate. The wine has good structure and a pleasing finish.
Gamla Sangiovese is ready to enjoy and should age well over five years, if well-stored. We like to drink this Sangiovese along with robustly-flavored foods, such as pasta carbonara, grilled lamb skewers or a good hamburger smothered in sautéed mushrooms. Of course, a good juicy steak is always a winning option.
The Vintage
Except for an unusually warm February and March, cooler-than-average temperatures dominated the season leading up to the 2009 vintage. The weather caused a protracted season which resulted in a long fifteen week harvest. Picking successfully concluded with Sangiovese from the northern Golan at the end of October. May rains during flowering and two spring heat waves reduced yields by about 20%. The low yields and long hang-time combined to produce wines of very good overall quality.
The 2009 Gamla Sangiovese is produced from fruit coming from the El Rom Vineyard in the northern Golan and the Yonaton Vineyard in the central Golan. The wine aged for twelve months in small French oak barrels.
The Analyses
Brix at Harvest 25.5
TA (g/l) 6.3
pH 3.49
The Appellation
The Galilee (or Galil) is the most northern, and generally considered the best, appellation in Israel. The highest quality area within the appellation is the Golan Heights (or simply the Golan), the coldest region in Israel. The vineyards on this volcanic plateau rise from 400 meters (1,300 feet) above sea level to 1,200 meters (3,900 feet) and receive snowfall in the winter. The Golan Heights Winery is located in the town of Katzrin, in the central Golan.
Kosher for Passover
Yarden Cabernet Sauvignon. Vintage 2010
Golan Sion Creek Red. Vintage 2012
Yarden Mount Hermon Red. Vintage 2012
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Owned by JWG Ltd, maintains its offices and warehouse in Jerusalem, Israel.
© 1999-2014 JWG Judaica and Dead Sea Cosmetics


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SO YOU THINK YOU CAN DANCE: Top 20 finalists revealed on SO YOU THINK YOU CAN DANCE will perform live for the first time on Wednesday, July 11 (8:00-10:00 PM) on FOX 50. Pictured bottom L-R: Dareian Kujawa, Amelia Lowe, Chehon Wespi-Tschopp, George Lawrence II and Daniel Baker. Middle row L-R: Janaya French, Nick Bloxsom-Carter, Brandon Mitchell, Alexa Anderson, Amber Jackson, Witney Carson, Matthew Kazmierczak, Eliana Girard and Will Thomas. Top row L-R: Lindsay Arnold, Cole Horibe, Audrey Case, Cyrus Spencer, Janelle Issis and Tiffany Maher.
Credit: Mathieu Young/FOX


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AMCC Recognizes McHale
- Release Date:
- January 23, 2006
- Contact:
- The Office of Sports Information
- (716) 649-7900 ext. 333
HAMBURG, NY – Hilbert College women's basketball player Amanda McHale (Bradford, PA/Archbishop Walsh) was named Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference Player of the Week for the week ending January 22nd.
In a week that saw the Hawks go 2-1 in conference play, McHale averaged 17.0 ppg, 12.7 rpg and 4.3 bpg, and was just one rebound shy of a double-double in all three contests.
McHale started the week on the road at the University of Pitt-Bradford with an 11 point, nine-rebound performance. She would go on to have a monster game versus Mount Aloysius College, racking up 25 points, 17 rebounds and six blocks. The 5'11 sophomore followed that performance with 15 points, 12 rebounds and five blocks the following day against Penn State Altoona.
On the season, McHale currently leads the AMCC in rebounding (10.7 rpg) and blocked shots (2.57 bpg) and ranks second in field goal percentage (.548).
The Hawks (5-9, 4-4) return to action Tuesday night when they travel to Penn State Behrend. The game is scheduled for a 6:00 PM tip-off.
Hilbert College, located in suburban Hamburg, N.Y., south of Buffalo, is a private four-year college founded in 1957 in the Catholic Franciscan tradition. With nearly 1,100 students, Hilbert is a dynamic Western New York college that offers career-focused majors, including one of the top criminal justice programs in the region, and more than 50 minors and concentrations. The college's engaging, student-centered campus community offers numerous leadership, internship, and service learning opportunities from which students launch successful careers while making positive changes in their communities. The Hilbert Blueprint promotes a well-rounded student experience over four years – starting with the Foundations Seminar in the freshman year, followed by Sophomore Service, Junior Symposium, and culminating with the Senior Capstone. Hilbert has expanded its academic offerings with the college's first graduate programs and new Accelerated Degree Programs geared to adult learners.
Upcoming Events
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 14, 2015
- Summer Session A2 Ends
- Aug 21, 2015
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 28, 2015


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Portmead woman 'deeply upset' after wrongly accused for dropping a cigarette end
Posted: March 02, 2014|
A WOMAN has made numerous complaints after being approached by a litter enforcement officer in Swansea and wrongly accused of dropping a cigarette end.
Amanda Roberts, 50, of Portmead, was out shopping in Swansea on December 4 last year.
She went outside to have a cigarette and then said she carefully put the end back into her packet and went into Primark.
Mrs Roberts said: "I was then followed into the shop by who I thought was a police officer and asked if they could have a quick word with me.
Related content
"I was very embarrassed and flustered.
"I then found out he was a litter enforcement officer and he said he was going to issue me with a fine.
"I showed my two cigarette ends in the packet and felt really humiliated as a lot of people were looking."
Mrs Roberts said she was so upset by what had happened she submitted a complaint.
Paul Buttivant, managing director of 3GS who supplies the litter enforcement officers for Swansea Council, said: "3GS is an ethical business where staff are trained to the highest standards. Where there is an honest mistake made, the company has a policy for openness and apologises unreservedly to Mrs. Roberts.
"In this instance an honest mistake has been made and no fixed penalty notice was issued to Mrs. Roberts.
"Mrs Roberts was provided with a Stubby pocket ashtray at the time by the officer in order for her to place her discarded cigarette butts whilst away from any appropriate receptacles that have been provided by the local authority within the city centre."


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JUST SOLD THE BRIX | Capitol Hill 530 Broadway Ave E #510| MLS #480729 $285,000 1 bed | 1 bath Capitol Hill Sold in just 10 days on the market - building currently in an active lawsuit (no financing). Finding a buyer was both a challenge and a major reward for our seller. Live Urban at Brix. 5th floor 1 bed, 1 bath with views! Quality finishes including hardwood … [Read more...]
Just Listed – Top Floor At The Brix
JUST LISTED TOP FLOOR AT THE BRIX 530 Broadway Ave E #611| MLS #474308 $295,000 1 bed | 1 bath Capitol Hill Urban Living at Brix. Top floor 1 bed, 1 bath w/big views! Quality finishes including hardwood floors, high-end appliances, full height-slab granite & luxury finishes throughout. Big windows allow tons of light. Quality building with secure parking, storage … [Read more...]
Your Questions About Seattle Condos, My Answers.
What were Seattle condo buyers and sellers curious about this weekend? Well, I pulled a list search terms people used this weekend that ended up helping them find UCS. See below as I have answered each question (in red): October 18, 2010 08:10:51 when was the olive 8 condos built (2009) October 18, 2010 03:39:39 escala ave (These people were probably … [Read more...]
Brix Down to 5 Units
Schnitzer West is offering a buyer bonus on the 5 remaing homes at the Brix. For more information see the buttons below: … [Read more...]
Exciting New Additions To urbancondospaces.com
This is a fun post for me to write. I have been so excited to share with you some recent updates to the blog. As you will see in the picture below, we have added a category of links titled "UCS Exclusive Sites". I think this is an incredible addition to the site. For the last 2 months, I have been working tirelessly on building individual sites for the major condominiums … [Read more...]
Brix Condos
BRIX CONDOS Developer: Schnitzer N.W. Architect: Mithun Architects DESCRIPTION | BUILDING Brix is a mix of concrete, glass and steel featuring 141 units. There are two distintive types of Brix homes; Broadways Flats and Brownstones/Lofts. The 6 stories of flats that were built on Broadway feature open-one, one and two bedroom plans. The Brownstone units are … [Read more...]
Brix Condos In Capitol Hill Reporting 8 Sales in Less than 2 Weeks
I just received an e-mail from Amanda Loring at Brix Condominiums in Capitol Hill. They have just 11 units left after selling 8 units in less then two weeks. I think this a great example of a project getting serious with pricing; leading to more sales. The tax credit is driving traffic as well. Just 10 days left for buyers looking to take advantage. For more information … [Read more...]
The New Buyer Orientation
I'm off to meet a client/friend at Brix Condos this morning who is closing on her new unit this week. We are actually meeting today for her orientation. For each project the orientation is different. Some will cover just the basics, while others take you through a detailed process highlighting everything that would be pertinent to know as a new homeowner. What I have found … [Read more...]
Brix Condo Update, Seattle
So I toured yesterday at Brix for a client looking to purchase a second home. April did an awesome job getting me up to speed with their progress and the remaining inventory. They have sold a pretty fair number of units over the last few weeks. They have 20 units left and only 2 remaining 2 bedroom units. Both are interior courtyard facing and priced at $389,000 for unit … [Read more...]
Brix and Gallery Sales
Brix and Gallery are reporting some immediate success since they have established new pricing. According to their e-mail blasts, they have sold 5 units at Brix and 4 units at Gallery. I have attached the e-mails for your reference. Is this a part of the Auction buzz or pricing that is finally meeting the expectations of Seattle buyers? … [Read more...]
Gallery and Brix Auction Results
Well, both the Brix and Gallery Auctions are over...phew! It was a great experience attending these events and for the developer who sold and the buyer who purchased, I would say the verdict is still out on who "won". For the buyers it was between 30-32% percent discounts. For the Seller, it will be the percentage of value above the minimum bid. For us, who didn't purchase … [Read more...]
Auction-Brix Condominiums
Brix Condominiums just announced that they will auction off their remaining inventory. See the attached image for more information. If you have never done this before, I would be happy to walk you through the process. E-mail me at firstname.lastname@example.com … [Read more...]
Thinking About Buying Green?
Ever wonder if buying a green home is a sound financial investment? A recent article in the Seattle Times discusses recent statistics and the benefits of buying a green home. It cites a study by GreenWorks Realty which reviewed the NWMLS King County condominium sales from September 2007 - May 2008 and included only new construction built in 2007 and after. The statistics … [Read more...]


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Former Lobo Blake Smith Nets MLS Game Winner
Blake Smith gave the Montreal Impact the victory with his goal in stoppage time
The FishBlog: Excitement Just Around The Corner
The 2013 season is nearing and it's time to catch up on the summer
Lobo Soccer Alum Blake Smith Nets First MLS Goal
Blake Smith tallied the first goal of his MLS career less than three weeks after Devon Sandoval did the same
Smith, Sandoval Selected in MLS SuperDraft
The pair of Lobos are drafted days after participating in the MLS Combine
Lobos Place Eleven on the Academic All-Conference Team
The eleven Lobos on the Academic All-MPSF Team is the most since 2005
Men's Soccer vs. Towson -- Aug. 26, 2011
Men's soccer defeated Towson, 2-0. Giovanni Rollie and Lawrence Robledo each netted a goal in the Lobo victory.
Day 1: Lobo Soccer Arrives in Omaha
Images of the University of New Mexico men's soccer team at the first round of the NCAA Tournament vs. Creighton
2012 - SENIOR SEASON First Team All-MPSF... NSCAA First Team All-Region... Academic All-MPSF... Among the nation's leaders in assists...His 13 assists tied the second-highest single season mark in program history... Recorded one goal and one assist in win at #2 UCLA (8-24-2012).... Recorded at least one point in the team's first eight matches... Tallied two assists in wins versus Denver (10-14-2012) and UNLV (10-19-2012)... Scored game-winning goal in SMU match... Invited to MLS Predraft Combine.
2011 - JUNIOR SEASON First Team All-MPSF... Second Team NSCAA All-Far West Region... First Team Academic All-MPSF... MPSF Player of the Week... Twice named to Top Drawer Soccer's National Team of the Week, once to College Soccer News' National Team of the Week... Named First Team All-Region scholar... Named First Team All-MPSF... Named First Team Academic All-District XV... Led the team in scoring with 10 goals and five assists for 25 points... Started all 22 games for the Lobos... Took 47 shots and put 24 on goal for a .511 SOG%... Logged one game winner against Air Force, scoring both goals.
2010 - SOPHOMORE SEASON Saw the field in twelve contests in 2010, eleven of which he started at the forward or midfield positions... Notched his sole point of the year on an assist in UNM's 2-0 victory at home over Seattle in late October... Tallied 768 minutes in all and put 10 of 24 shots on goal for a .417 SOG%.
2009 - FRESHMAN SEASON Played 13 games for the Lobos in his first season with the program... Recorded 272 minutes... Entered his first collegiate game against Saint Louis on Sept. 1.
HIGH SCHOOL A four-year letterman for head coach David Rogers... High school team won the 2006 Texas 4A State Championship and was a regional quarterfinalist in 2007 and 2008... Named First Team All-District, First Team All-Region and Second Team All-State in 2008... Selected as team captain, Most Valuable Player and Offensive Player of the Year in 2008... Named First Team All-District, District MVP, First Team All-Region, First Team All-State, All-American and SA Player of the Year in 2009... 2008 Cross Country All-District and All-Region... A member of the National Honor Society.
CLUB Plays for the Classic USSF Developmental Academy team... Led spring season in goals.
PERSONAL Born Jan. 17, 1991, Blake is the son of Ron and Karen Smith... Business Administration major... Named to UIL All-Century Boys Soccer Team as a First Team Midfielder in April 2010.


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The Sky Spirit infested by Bilocyte
|Great Spirit of the Sky
|Skyward Sword
|Non-canon Appearances
|Hyrule Warriors
Levias is a wise, whale-like Sky Spirit in Skyward Sword.[1] He has served as the protector of the skies for ages and lives in the Thunderhead.[2][3] Levias has a particular fondness for Pumm's pumpkin soup, which Pumm always offered on a sky isle that had a perpetual rainbow above it, before the Thunderhead engulfed it.[4]
Before the goddess Hylia transferred her soul into the body of a mortal, she appointed Levias as the guardian of the skies.[5] She also left the Sky Spirit a hint as to the location of the Triforce, which was one of the four parts of the "Song of the Hero", a melody that would unlock the final trial for the chosen hero.[6] However, at one point, Levias was corrupted by evil forces and became plagued with parasitic eye-like appendages, possessing him and causing him to attack anyone who comes near.[7]
After learning of Levias from the Headmaster Gaepora, Link speaks to Owlan and learns that although Levias can be found in the Thunderhead, he has become possessed by Bilocyte and will not listen to reason. He tells the young hero to talk to Pumm, who makes annual Pumpkin Soup offerings to Levias.[4] Link uses this knowledge to his advantage and places a basin of Pumpkin Soup in an island of the Thunderhead to lure the beast out of the cloud sea and, with the aid of his Loftwing and the newly-learned technique Spiral Charge, removes the parasites. Upon the removal of the last visible parasite, a Bilocyte occupying Levias' blowhole emerges. Link removes this parasite as well, and upon hearing that Link was searching for the Triforce, Levias informs him of the four parts of the "Song of the Hero" is needed to find the Triforce. Levias then instructs Link to track down the three surface dragons, Faron, Lanayru, and Eldin, to learn their parts of the melody.[6] Once he has done this, Levias imparts the final part of the "Song of the Hero" to Link.[8]
Levias' name is derived from לויתן Leviathan, a mythological monster from Biblical text (Job 41). Fittingly, the modern Hebrew form of the word means "whale."
|Theory Warning
Levias is the second flying whale creature to appear in the series, the first being the Wind Fish in Link's Awakening. Because of this, it has been theorized by some fans that Levias and the Wind Fish may be related, if not the same being.
- ↑ Skyward Sword Site Update Reveals a Mysterious Location, Zelda Eternity.
- ↑ "Surely you're familiar with Levias, the great sky spirit who has guarded our realm for ages? Levias has served as the protector of our skies for a long time, and his knowledge of our world is encyclopedic, to put it mildly." — Gaepora (Skyward Sword)
- ↑ "If I'm correct, Levias is the one inside the thunderhead. But...that's not the Levias that we all know. That's...a monster!" — Owlan (Skyward Sword)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Every year I offer him an entire basin full of my pumpkin soup! But lately a huge thunderhead has been brewing there, and I haven't yet made this year's offering. I tell you, I feel horrible about it!" — Pumm (Skyward Sword)
- ↑ "I am the great spirit they call Levias. Before she passed from this world so long ago, the goddess Hylia appointed me as warden of the skies." — Levias (Skyward Sword)
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Oh, but the goddess did entrust me with a hint as to the Triforce's location. The clue is a song, meant to be played on the harp you hold. It is known as the Song of the Hero. The song is the key to revealing the secret location of the Triforce. The goddess split this song into four parts. She entrusted one part to me and the other three to the dragons of the land." — Levias (Skyward Sword)
- ↑ "It certainly looks like Levias, but last time I approached him, he came rushing at me! And his eyes... They were full of malice." — Owlan (Skyward Sword)
- ↑ "When they've taught you what they know, come to me and I will complete the song with my own voice!" — Levias (Skyward Sword)
|Names in Other Regions
|空の大精霊ナリシャ (Sora no Dai-Seirei Narisha)
|Great Spirit of the Sky: Narisha
|Gran Espíritu de los Cielos: Narisha
|Great Spirit of the Skies: Narisha
|Grand espirit de cieux: Narisha
|Grande spirito celeste, Narisha
Ghirahim · Scaldera · Moldarach · The Imprisoned · Koloktos · Tentalus · Bilocyte · Demise
Stalfos · Lizalfos · Stalmaster · Moldarach · Scervo · Dark Lizalfos · Magmanos · Moldorm · Dreadfuse


text:
Object: Artworks: Original & Reproduction
Image not available. Please contact Te Papa Media Sales and Licensing.
|Artworks: Original & Reproduction
Isaacs, Betty (creating agency), 1920-1960
|Medium summary
|Large format sheets
|paper, ink, watercolour
|works of art, printed ephemera
|Credit line
|Bequest of Judge Julius Isaacs, New York, 1983
|Registration number
Consists of artworks acquired by Betty Isaacs. A number were produced by Julius Isaacs but it appears as well asa number of other artists.
Works include watercolours, etchings, pencil and pen sketches and some reproductions.
Related information
Disclaimer: This information was created from historic documentation, and may not necessarily reflect the best available knowledge about the item. Some collection images are created for identification purposes only and may not be of reproduction quality. Some images are not available due to copyright restrictions. If you have information or questions about objects in the collection, contact us using our enquiry form. You can also find out more about Collections Online.


text:
I have to admit some difficulty in reviewing this book, even though initially I felt that it would be straightforward. Indeed, some features of the book manifest themselves at first glance. It is rich, probably comprehensive, lavishly illustrated, beautifully executed, with a tremendous number of quotations and unabashed use of equations. The author — who unquestionably has an uncommon talent for illustrating and organizing his ideas — made a tremendous effort to convey his extensive knowledge to potential readers. As chance would have it, I even stumbled on a curious morsel that reminded me that my physics notions needed a refresher — more on this later. Writing a book like this had to be an arduous yet intellectually rewarding and deeply satisfying experience for the author. It had to be a man's life's work.
My first impression was confirmed in the Foreword by the author's son, Charles Simonyi,
An exceptional book such as this could have been created only under exceptional circumstances. … in the politically charged atmosphere of the 1960s in Hungary … he (my father) progressively lost his directorship at the Physics Research Institute, his post as department head, and finally his teaching position altogether. … The break in his career at midlife did not drive him to despair; his humanism instead commanded him to work on the subject he had perhaps always wanted to work on: the history of the interplay of science and the humanities. His first notes became a lecture series, first given off campus, in the evenings at the invitation of student organizations. … The success of these lectures gave rise to the present book that he continued to revise and extend until his death in 2001.
This is indeed how it felt: a work of an intellectual giant going after his dream of generously sharing his vast knowledge. My difficulty is of course in being able to adequately relate the worth of the treasure that the book is in a short review. I doubt that even a long review could give the book its due.
I shall only mention that the coverage of the scientific developments in the West is undoubtedly comprehensive. After discussing philosophy of science and historiography, the author notes one of the first documented abstractions, to wit, an image of bison on cave walls, and ends with the Standard Model of quantum mechanics; mentions of quantum chromodynamics, Grand Unified Theory, and TOE (the theory of everything). The point is of course in what is in-between. You can form your own opinion of the quality of the book from the excerpts available online.
One characteristic of the book is abundance of diagrams that represent various ideas in compact, visual format. Here is one example:
For another example, I'll use that morsel of information I mentioned earlier, although it is bound to betray the lack of fluidity in my knowledge of physics, which admittedly has grown stale.
The piece I came across is a mention that Hendric Lorentz — a 1902 Nobel Prize winner and Einstein's precursor — developed his theory of electromagnetic fields (1891) assuming that "the immaterial ether was the carrier of electromagnetic fields, created by resting or moving electric charges." He was naturally aware of Michelson-Morley's experiments performed in 1881 and 1887. What I had to have remembered is that the final nail in the coffin of the until then prevalent theory of ether was hammered in by the Einstein's theory of relativity; and that it took some extra experimentation by Trouton and Noble (1903).
Here is how the development of the special relativity is illustrated in the book:
The diagram may lead us to question the unique contribution to the theory of relativity made by Einstein, and Simonyi addresses this question by quoting first from Einstein and then from Pauli's monograph, Theory of Relativity:
Lorentz and Poincaré had taken Maxwell's equations as the basis for their considerations. … He (Einstein) showed that only the following simple axiom in electrodynamics needed to be assumed: The velocity of light is independent of the motion of the light source.
He then writes,
Einstein was the first to break consciously and decisively with the notions of the absolute space and absolute time and thus to reject the existence of a distinguished reference system K0 and hence also the necessity of the ether, and therefore its existence.
These pronouncements underscore the concept set up in the Introduction that physical theories — very much like mathematics — are to a great extent axiomatic. Simonyi prepares the reader for such a view on physics with a discussion which is summarized in the following diagram:
The author does not subscribe to the view of mathematics being deductive and the rest of sciences inductive endeavors. The physical laws as we know them are abstractions that reflect our experience but also require verification by experimentation. The process of verification confirms or refutes hypotheses that have been arrived at by deductive process from the physical laws.
The process is in fact much more complex, so that the author goes on to explain the step-by-step process of scientific development and provides a more detailed illustration:
In the author's view, "Human culture is a single, unified whole, and it is only for us, the consumers of culture, that the problem arises how its significant elements are to be selected, appropriated, and transmitted." Accordingly, in the next diagram he emphasizes the transmission of cultural legacy rather than of any specific knowledge
In the Introduction the author writes,
There is so much to be found in the history of physics that can make instruction at all levels, from elementary school to university, interesting, indeed exciting: There are amusing anecdotes, to be sure, but also tales of tragic conflicts, entertaining accounts of historical events, and the birth pangs of clarification of concepts and methods — which has a philosophical aspect as well. All of this is highly suited to awaken interest in the student and provide valuable educational experiences. Moreover, the history of physics abounds in examples of lofty ideals and guidelines for ethical behavior.
I wish end this review with a paraphrase: There is so much to be found in this book that make using it at all levels, from elementary school to university, interesting, indeed exciting. In the Preface, the author indicates that one of the book goals was to promote public understanding of science. To this end the book needs to be read and used. I am convinced that those who do read the book will enjoy the experience and end up with a cherished possession.
Alex Bogomolny is a former associate professor of mathematics at University of Iowa. He lives in New Jersey, maintains a popular site Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles, with a server somewhere in Michigan, and blogs at CTK Insights.
The History of Physics and Its Relevance to Our Lives Today
Assessment and Division into Epochs
Elements of the Philosophy of Science
The Dynamism of History
The Classical Heritage
The Greek Inheritance
The Harmonious, Beautiful Order
Matter and Motion: The Aristotelian Synthesis
The Greatest Achievements of the Ancient Sciences
The Twilight of Hellenism
The Stewards of the Heritage
The Thousand-Year Balance Sheet
The Salvage of Ancient Knowledge
The Indian and Arab Worlds
The West Awakens
Medieval Natural Philosophy
The Renaissance and Physics
Demolition and the Construction of a New Foundation
The World in 1600
Numerology and Reality
Galileo and Those Who Stood in His Shadow
The New Philosophy: Doubt Becomes Method
Light, Vacuum, and Matter through the Middle of the Seventeenth Century
After Descartes and before Newton: Huygens
Newton and the Principia: The Newtonian Worldview
The Completion of Classical Physics
Starting Capital for the Eighteenth Century
Worthy Successors: d'Alembert, Euler, and Lagrange
The Century of Light
From Effluvium to the Electromagnetic Field
Heat and Energy
The Structure of Matter and Electricity: The Classical Atom
The Physics of the Twentieth Century
"Clouds on the Horizon of Nineteenth-Century Physics"
The Theory of Relativity
Quantum Theory
Nuclear Structure, Nuclear Energy
Law and Symmetry
Mankind and the Universe


text:
Daily News Archive
Town Bends To Public Pressure on Malathion
Malathion is mobile in soil and can leach into groundwater and surface waters and impact public water supplies. Malaoxon, the breakdown product of malathion, is estimated to be 61 times more toxic to adults than malathion. Malaoxon is also formed during the water treatment process. According to the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) recent Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for Malathion, limited monitoring information indicates that conversion from malathion to malaoxon during the water treatment process may be as high as 100% and the chemical can remain stable for 72 hours, which is within delivery times for some publicly owned treatment works.
Data collected by
the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Bureau of
Pesticides (1997) showed only concentrations of malathion entering the
Hillsboro Water Treatment Plant and, following the treatment process,
only concentrations of malaoxon exiting the plant. Once converted, malaoxon
may remain stable in treated water long enough to be available at the
tap for direct consumption.
Laura Hepting, a
Paonia native now working as special projects coordinator for Beyond
Pesticides, says, "Mosquito spraying is hotly debated in Paonia
– the town is very polarized over the issue. While some people
in the next town over want their property to be included in the spray
zone, others literally head for the hills on the night the truck is
scheduled to pass by their homes. There really needs to be an open dialogue
here and a comprehensive effort to work on effective alternatives to
malathion and adulticiding in general, such as reducing the ample mosquito
breading areas that exist in the North Fork Valley."


text:
45 Shouts - 32,107 Scrobbles
Heavy and mind stucking riffs. That's the best way to define Flaming Moe's music, a 5-piece Brazilian band about 3 decades behind the contemporary phonographic industry and claiming for resistance! Formed in São Paulo / Brazil in the summer of 2003 by highschool friends Guilherme Klaussner (vocals), Mauricio Peruche (guitar), Vitor Rodrigues (bass), Caio Varnier (guitar) e Hugo Sterman (drums), Flaming Moe always swam upstream in the main music scene, playing songs from the Hellacopters, The Atomic Bitchwax, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath intensely and at loud volumes.
Read more about Flaming Moe on Last.fm.
User-contributed text is available under the Creative Commons By-SA License and may also be available under the GNU FDL.
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text:
Could someone give me some advice about mounting DVD ISOs?
Ok, I managed to create an .iso file of a DVD using DVD Decrypter and stored it on my 239 NAS under /multimedia.
So then I created an 'ISO Share' using the above .iso file and sure enough, it popped up on the Windows network.
However, when browsing to this share, I was surprised to see it appear as a *set* of files, i.e. VIDEO_TS and a bunch of .VOB files. I don't know what I was expecting, really, maybe just a share with one file in it that I could pick with a player, bit I can see the logic behind the mounting Ho Hum...
Regardless, what I'd liked to do is play the DVD from the NAS using the share. Which players can play this 'share'? Freeware, if possible, or trial-ware? What do I select in the player, the folder or the VOBS?


text:
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text: So the reason why Windows 7 was claiming it was an illegal copy was because, well, it WAS an illegal copy. The people at the shop that repaired my computer and offered to upgrade my Windows (it had Vista originally) failed to mention that. And charged like it was a legal license too. This is infuriating.


text:
The MFAH has received important works of graphic art since its inception, but it was not until 1991 under the directorship of Peter C. Marzio, a former print curator, that the museum formalized its collection with the founding of the Department of Prints and Drawings. Focusing almost exclusively on art after the Middle Ages in Western Europe and North America, this encyclopedic collection comprises more than 8,600 objects including drawings, watercolors, pastels, collages, paintings on paper, books and manuscripts, and prints and printing equipment.
With the completion of the Audrey Jones Beck Building in 2000, the museum opened the Works on Paper Study Center, the most state-of-the-art study room and storage facility for works on paper in the American Southwest. The department mounts exhibitions based on its own permanent collection and on other public and private collections (Past Exhibitions). Because works on paper are sensitive to light and climate conditions, these exhibitions are on display for only a few months at a time. Most of the works not on display may be examined in the Works on Paper Study Center, by appointment.
The department's early works are chiefly European. Starting with the second half of the 19th century, the collection becomes more balanced between European and American works on paper. It has a strong collection of old master prints including 100 early German woodcuts and engravings, 50 of which are by Albrecht Dürer, and prints by Rembrandt and Jacques Bellange. Rare impressions include works by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Canaletto, and Camille Pissarro; the deluxe edition of Max Klinger's portfolio A Love; and an early impression of Edvard Munch's 1895 Self-Portrait. The department has a substantial American print collection with 1,500 wood engravings by Winslow Homer, Thomas Nast, and Frederic Remington. The core of the contemporary print collection is a large group of works made by American and European artists such as Louise Bourgeois, Enzo Cucchi, Eric Fischl, David Rabinowitch, and James Turrell.
The department also collects master drawings from the 16th century to the present, and has exceptional examples by Edgar Degas, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Paul Klee, Adolphe Menzel, Pablo Picasso, and Odilon Redon. In the mid-1990s, the museum began acquiring significant drawings by Abstract Expressionist painters, including Jackson Pollock, Robert Motherwell, William Baziotes, James Brooks, Arshile Gorky, Adolph Gottlieb, Franz Kline, and Richard Pousette-Dart. Another departmental focus is drawings by 20th-century sculptors, among them Aristide Maillol and David Smith. Since 2000, the museum has also acquired major works on paper by Jasper Johns.
In 1996, the MFAH acquired all of the individual prints, portfolios, and books that the Peter Blum Edition published from its inception in 1980 through 1994. Founded by Peter Blum, an American-born art critic, dealer, and filmmaker, the Peter Blum Edition focuses exclusively on publishing prints by contemporary American and European artists. Blum himself and Blumarts Inc., the parent company of the Peter Blum Edition, also donated all of the related preparatory material (more than 1,000 objects), providing a complete record of many of the print projects. In 2006, the MFAH showcased this important acquisition in the three-part exhibition Singular Multiples: The Peter Blum Edition Archive, 1980–1994, the largest exhibition ever in North America devoted entirely to printmaking.
The Kelseys have donated over 1,300 American prints and research materials to the MFAH. This includes 600 wood engravings by Thomas Nast and 400 works by Winslow Homer. Nearly complete sets of Nast's and Homer's graphic oeuvres, these gifts span the artists' careers and constitute the largest and most thorough collections of their work in any library or museum. In addition to these impressive gifts, the Kelseys have also donated over 300 wood engravings by Frederic Remington.
Co-founders of the Department of Prints and Drawings, Virginia and Ira Jackson donated 110 noteworthy prints to the museum and supported the department's collecting practices. Inspired by an art history course on French printmaking, Virginia began collecting prints when she returned as an adult to graduate school and her husband soon became an equally passionate collaborator. Together, they created an internationally renowned collection of more than 1,000 objects focusing on color lithographs created in Paris from 1890 to 1910, with a particular emphasis on the work of Pierre Bonnard and the Nabis. In addition to masterworks, the Jackson also collected ephemera to present a fully rounded view of avant-garde art in France at the turn of the century.
Virginia and Ira Jackson created an endowment in 1998 to fund an annual lecture at the MFAH on the collecting and connoisseurship of prints and drawings. The Virginia and Ira Jackson Lecture remains the only ongoing program of its type in the country. The free public lecture series is just one of the many contributions these important collectors made to the Museum. Highlights of Past Lectures
MFAH members interested in prints and drawings are invited to join Art + Paper, the patron group for the department of prints and drawings. Art + Paper meets four to five times a year, September through June, for exhibition previews and openings, lectures by internationally renowned art historians and collectors, behind-the-scenes tours, workshops, and visits to artists' studios and private collections. At the final meeting each year, Art + Paper members use their dues to acquire artworks for the MFAH.
The Works on Paper Study Center is available to students, scholars, artists, and other individuals who wish to view works from the museum's collections of photography and prints and drawings. Open by appointment to groups of up to 20, the study center is located in the Beck Building. The Hirsch Library contains a large collection of books about prints and drawings and is open to museum visitors and the general public. Visit the Hirsch Library page for information on library hours and access to the online catalog.


text:
Hazelcast is the leading open source in-memory data grid that delivers resilient scale out computing for a multitude of applications.
Hazelcast Enterprise is a commercially licensed packaging of Hazelcast including Enterprise-class data security, native memory, extended language clients such as C# for Microsoft .NET developers and a host of other premium features.
We offer a commercial license for our management console that helps organizations architect and deploy Hazelcast at scale.


text:
A method, apparatus, and storage medium product are provided for forming a forwarding database, and for using the formed database to more efficiently and quickly route packets of data across a computer network. The forwarding database is arranged into multiple sub-databases. Each sub-database is pointed to by a pointer within a pointer table. When performing a longest-match search of incoming addresses, a longest prefix matching algorithm can be used to find the longest match among specialized "spear prefixes" stored in the pointer table. After the longest spear prefixes are found, the pointer table will direct the next search within a sub-database pointed to by that spear prefix. Another longest-match search can be performed for database prefixes (or simply "prefixes") within the sub-database selected by the pointer. Only the sub-database of interest will, therefore, be searched and all other sub-databases are not accessed. Using a precursor pointer and a sub-database of optimally bounded size and number ensures power consumption be confined only to the sub-database being accessed, and that higher speed lookup operations can be achieved since only the sub-database of interest is being searched.
1. A method of locating a prefix in a forwarding database of N number of prefixes, comprising:
maintaining a pointer table having a set of spear prefixes that point to a respective set of sub-databases;
finding a longest spear prefix match among the spear prefixes within the pointer table;
selecting a sub-database of prefixes from a set of sub-databases pointed to by the longest matching spear prefix within the pointer table; and
finding a longest prefix match among the prefixes within the selected sub-database.
2. The method as recited in
3. The method as recited in
4. The method as recited in
5. The method as recited in
6. The method as recited in
7. The method as recited in
8. The method as recited in
9. The method as recited in
This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/402,887, filed Mar. 28, 2003, entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EFFICIENTLY SEARCHING A FORWARDING DATABASE THAT IS SPLIT INTO A BOUNDED NUMBER OF SUB-DATABASES HAVING A BOUNDED SIZE, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to computer networking. More particularly, the invention relates to a forwarding database of a lookup table that is bifurcated into a pre-determined number of sub-databases of pre-determined size, each of which can be selected using a pointer table that chooses the sub-database of interest by performing a longest matching search on spear prefixes stored in the pointer table.
2. Description of the Related Art
The following descriptions and examples are not admitted to be conventional by virtue of their inclusion within this section.
Computer networking is generally recognized as the communication of packets across an interconnected network of computers. One objective of networking is to quickly forward the packets from a source to a destination. Thus, within the network itself may be one or more forwarding devices, herein interchangeably referred to as gateways, bridges, switches, or routers.
A forwarding device typically includes a lookup table. An incoming address can be compared to prefix entries stored within the lookup table. If a match occurs, then the associated packet of information is sent to an appropriate port of the forwarding device. As links of the network change, routing protocols exchange information among the forwarding devices to change the prefix entries within the corresponding lookup tables. This change will modify not only the prefixes within the lookup table, but also the next-hop identifiers pointed to by those prefixes. Thus, routing through the forwarding devices can be changed dynamically as links go down and come back up in various parts of the Internet or Intranet.
Internet Protocol (IP) addresses associated with a packet generally comprise a network field and a host field. The number of bits dedicated to the network and host fields can change in a class-based Internet addressing architecture. With the advent of a classless addressing architecture, referred to as Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), the boundary between the network field and the host field can vary. In addition to class and classless addressing architectures, there are currently several Internet Protocol versions of IP addressing. For instance, IP version 4 (IPv4) uses a 32-bit addressing prefix, whereas IP version 6 (IPv6) uses a 128-bit addressing prefix. If, for example, IPv4 addressing is used, then the forwarding device might only consider the first 8, 16 or 24 bits of the 32-bit addressing field in determining the next hop.
A popular way to determine the next hop is to use a technique known as longest-matching prefix. In this technique, a 32-bit IP address of, for example, 184.108.40.206 is compared against a prefix entry (hereinafter, "prefix") within the lookup table. The prefix 22.214.171.124/16 has a longer matching prefix than prefix 192.0.0.0/8. This is due primarily to the prefix length in the former being 16 bits, and the prefix length in the latter being only 8 bits. The forwarding device will then consider the first two bytes of 192.2* when determining the next hop address at which to send the packet.
There are many ways to perform a longest-matching prefix comparison. For example, pointers or hashes may be used. A first few bits of a binary sequence can be stored as a pointer within a table. Each pointer entry will not only keep track of the prefixes within that pointer, but also will point to subsequent binary entries needed to complete the longest prefix match. While pointers will point to possibly hundreds of prefixes within sub-databases, many sub-databases are empty or sparse of any matching to incoming addresses. Dividing a database of prefixes using precursor pointers, while heuristic, does not therefore assure that the databases are optimally divided. Moreover, this conventional technique does not provide any worst-case guarantees on a lookup performance.
Another technique used to divide a database may involve use of a tree or trie. There are many different tree configurations. A simple tree is often referred to as a binary tree, with more complex trees being compressed forms of the binary tree. To search for an address within a tree, the search begins at a root node. Extending from the root node, a "1" pointer or a "0" pointer is followed to the next node, or binary bit position, within the tree. If, for example, the address begins with 001*, then the search begins at the root and proceeds downward to each vertex node, beginning along the "0" branch pointer to the next "0" branch pointer, and finally to the "1" branch pointer. The search will continue until a leaf node is reached or a failure occurs. The binary tree can be compressed to enhance the search operation. A Patricia tree is one form of compression used to shorten the length of a branch to having relatively few leaf nodes.
A disadvantage of the techniques mentioned above is that they do not provide any bounds on the size of the sub-database extending out of any pointer. This makes it difficult to provision a given amount of storage on any sub-database, and likewise does not provide any guarantees on power or speed of lookup (beyond the trivial worst-case guarantees on looking up the entire sub-database).
A search could be more optimally implemented if the prefixes within each node or searchable sub-databases are more optimally apportioned. A need, therefore, exists in configuring a special form of searchable database using "spear prefixes" that act as pointers when searched, to point only to the sub-database of interest. The desired apportionment involves placing bounds on the number of prefixes within each sub-database, and bounds on the number of sub-databases within the lookup table. By controlling the number of sub-databases and the sizes of the sub-databases, lookup operations are more deterministic, and worst-case lookup times can be guaranteed. Moreover, the bounded number of sub-databases can be more optimally apportioned to a physical device, such as a memory, with dedicated portions of the memory sized to accommodate a corresponding sub-database. This will lessen the power consumption of the lookup operation since only one sub-database need be accessed during a particular lookup.
The problems outlined above are in large part solved by a system, method, and memory into which sub-databases can be more optimally apportioned. The number of prefixes within a sub-database is preferably limited to no more than t number of prefixes, with t being chosen according to desired speed and power consumption, and usually much less than the total number of prefixes N within the database. Moreover, the number of sub-databases within the database is directly proportional to N and inversely proportional to T, with the number preferably bounded between N/T and (2N/T)+1.
By apportioning the database into sub-databases, only one sub-database need by searched. The sub-database of interest is selected using a pointer unit, which is alternatively known as a splitting engine. The splitting engine includes a pointer table that stores a set of pointers. Each pointer has a corresponding prefix, which is hereinafter referred to as a "spear prefix." The term spear prefix is used to connotes the function of the pointer that is used to spear from a root to a sub-database. Spear prefixes are distinguished from the normal database prefix in that the spear prefixes are special function prefixes uniquely used herein to allow a longest matching spear prefix search to determine the sub-database of interest, as will be described below. For purposes of brevity, the database prefixes associated with N prefixes of the database are hereinafter referred to simply as "prefixes," while the specialized prefixes stored in the pointer table and used by the pointer unit is hereinafter referred to as "spear prefixes."
According to one embodiment, a method is provided. The method is used to form a forwarding database by splitting the database into a number of sub-databases. Given properly bounded sizes and numbers of sub-databases, a set of spear prefix entries and associated pointers can be formed which point to the appropriate sub-database. The pointers not only keep track of the binary string of 1s and 0s from the root node, but also point to the sub-database of interest.
According to another embodiment, another method is provided for locating a prefix in a forwarding database that is split into sub-databases. This method involves using a pointer within, for example, a pointer table and applying a longest match of spear prefixes stored therein. The pointer associated with that longest spear prefix can then be used to point to a selected sub-database within the forwarding database. A longest match of database prefixes (or simply "prefixes") can then be used to determine a longest prefix within the selected sub-database. Finding the longest spear prefix within the pointer table and the longest prefix within the selected sub-database thereby determines the next hop in which to forward the associated packet of data.
According to yet another embodiment, a forwarding device having a computer readable storage medium is contemplated. The storage medium may contain a splitting program, a pointer table, and a lookup table. The splitting program can be called upon by the processor to form a tree having branches extending from a root node to a plurality of leaf nodes. The program can then form a sub-database at each leaf node having fewer than T prefixes, with the cumulative number of prefixes within the leaf nodes and nodes between the root node and the leaf node being N prefixes. During a search operation, the pointer table is accessed and a pointer is obtained during a search for the address. The pointer table will point to only a portion of a lookup table containing the selected sub-database. Thus, the pointer table can be thought of as corresponding to branches of a binary tree used to "spear" into corresponding sub-databases, which can be thought of as the leaf nodes of the binary tree.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
A method, apparatus, and memory product for forming a more efficient forwarding database and using that database to perform a longest-prefix match are described. A forwarding device may more quickly forward packets of data since the longest-match search for the most appropriate prefix in the forwarding database is performed within sub-databases, each having relatively the same size (i.e., number of prefixes). The longest-match search, therefore, occurs only in one sub-database rather than in all sub-databases. The selected sub-database is the result of performing a longest-match search of specialized spear prefixes within a pointer table. The spear prefixes being substantially smaller in number than the database prefixes (or simply "prefixes"), a relatively few binary 1s and 0s need be searched in the pointer table. Once a longest spear prefix match is determined in the pointer table, finding the most appropriate entry in the forwarding database by using only one sub-database substantially accelerates the search process.
The routing function can be performed primarily on the incoming line card (e.g., line card 22 a) and the switching of the packet to the appropriate output port or line card can take place within switching fabric 20. The Destination Address (DA) of the packet can enter line card 22 a via an I/O interface. Each line card typically includes a Media Access Controller (MAC) 24, an Address Resolution Unit (ARU) 26, and a memory device 28. MAC 24 can be configured to accept many different communication protocols, such as CSMA/CD, FDDI, or ATM communication protocols. As packets are read from ingress MAC 24 a, forwarding control information necessary for steering the packet through switching fabric 20 will be prepended and/or appended to those packets.
The ARU 26 at the ingress line card preferably performs the routing function using the longest prefix match comparison technique. The ARU can perform classless or class-based routing functions and can support Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM). Each ARU can be reconfigured as routes are added or deleted from the network using well-known routing protocols, such as RIP, OSPF, or BGP. The memory device 28 can be implemented in various types of Random Access Memory (RAM), such as DRAM, SRAM, or Content-Addressable Memory (CAM), a popular form of masking CAM being Ternary CAM (or TCAM). Memory 28 can contain the lookup tables. If the lookup tables are placed within the line card 22, lookups on the incoming packet can be performed locally, without loading the central processor of the forwarding device 12.
As part of the lookup table, or preceding the lookup table, is pointer unit 32. Pointer unit 32 can include a pointer table having a list of pointers. Each pointer comprises a binary sequence that represents a branch or "spear" to the appropriate unique binary sequence of a corresponding sub-database. For example, one pointer 38 might point to prefix 01*, where * represents a don't care or mask entry. Prefix 01* is a special form of prefix, altogether different from the N number of database prefixes. Prefix 01* is hereinafter referred to as a spear prefix, since it functions to spear into sub-database 34 a, in the example shown. If the incoming address (DA) begins with 0 followed by 1, then pointer 38 will point to sub-database "D", which contains a bounded number of prefixes that begin with binary sequence 01, followed by a bounded range of other binary combinations. Another pointer is shown in
It is appreciated that each of the functional units described in
An appropriate pointer will be selected based on a match of the longest prefix within an earlier set of binary bits of that address. That set of bits represents the spear prefix, and the pointer is selected by matching the longest spear prefix within the set of spear prefixes stored in the pointer table. The selected pointer will point, therefore, to an appropriate sub-database within lookup table 46. Another longest prefix match operation will be undertaken to determine the longest matching prefix within only that sub-database. Once determined, then the longest-matching prefix will point to a corresponding next hop entry. As shown in
In order to bifurcate the forwarding database into bounded sub-databases, an example is provided. In the example shown, the forwarding database may consist of 300 prefixes, alternatively known as N prefixes. Beginning at the null node or root node R of the 300 prefixes, 60 prefixes may begin with 0 in their more significant bit location, and 240 may begin with a binary 1 at the more significant bit location. Thus node A may have 60 prefixes and node B may have 240 prefixes. Since there are no longer any prefixes associated with the root node, the number 300 is canceled by showing an "X" therethrough.
To use a further example, it may be desired to ensure there are no more than 50 prefixes within any sub-database. Therefore, since nodes A and B each contain more than 50 prefixes, both nodes must be further split. Node A prefixes may comprise 12 prefixes associated with the next binary bit having a 0 value and 48 prefixes with the next bit having an associated 1 binary value. Since node D now has no more than T=50 prefixes, node D is said to represent a sub-database and a pointer which points to node D will have a stored binary sequence of 01*. The spear prefixes for node D is therefore 01*, and node D therefore becomes a sub-database since the number of prefixes is less than T and, as will be described below, the number of prefixes is greater than T/2. A masking operation which yields a comparison of 01 at the more significant bit locations will point the address to sub-database D containing 48 prefixes, whereupon an additional longest prefix matching must be performed.
In addition to node A prefixes requiring further bifurcation, node B prefixes must also undergo a split. Eight prefixes may be associated with the next bit value being 0, and 232 prefixes may be associated with the next bit value being 1. Thus, node F must undergo yet further splitting into nodes G and H, as shown. Node G must be further split, as well as node H, since both nodes have more than the maximum number of prefixes (i.e., node G as shown in this example as having 70 prefixes and node H as having 162 prefixes). After further splits, node G produces nodes I and J, where each node may then have fewer than the maximum bounded number of prefixes (i.e., node I is shown having 28 prefixes and node J is shown having 42 prefixes). In order to point to the sub-database at node I and the sub-database at node J, spear prefix pointers must be stored in the pointer table as 1100* and 1101*. Further splitting must occur on node K as shown until nodes are produced having no more than the maximum number of prefix entries, which in this example is 50. Thus, from the 157 prefixes of node K, 34 prefixes can be produced in node O, 38 prefixes in node Q, 42 prefixes in node S, and 43 prefixes in node N.
The nodes that result in prefixes less than the maximum boundary can be thought of as leaf nodes. Thus, the leaf nodes in this example comprise nodes C, D, E, I, J, O, Q, S, N, and L. Not all leaf nodes, however, contain sub-databases. Some leaf nodes may contain a number of prefixes less than a minimum amount. For example, the minimum number of prefixes might be T/2 or, in this example, 25. As shown in
In order to optimize the longest-matching prefix operation, it is desirable that nodes containing prefixes less than a minimum boundary be merged up the binary chain. As shown, the 12 prefixes within node C can be merged upward to node A. Node A, however, does not contain any prefixes since its prefixes were transferred downward to node C and D. Since node A resulting from the merge operation has fewer than the minimum number of allowable prefixes, an additional merge must be undertaken. An upward merge must again be undertaken from node A to the root node, as shown by the second dashed line. The same merging operation occurs from node E to node B, and from node B to the root node R. The prefixes within node L are also shown merged upward by dashed line to node H, node F, and then node B. If the number of prefixes from node E, combined with the number of prefixes from node L were to exceed 25, then the merge operation would cease at node B. Instead, 8 prefixes within node E and 5 prefixes within node L do not combine to exceed 25 and, thus, must be merged upward to root node R, where they are combined with the 12 prefixes from node C. Although the cumulative number of prefixes merged upward to root node R equals the minimum of 25, even if the cumulative number were less than 25, the root node constitutes an exception to the merge operation. Thus, if fewer than 25 prefixes were merged upward into the root node, no further upward merging need take place from the root node having the null pointer.
Resulting from the split and subsequent merge operations, the binary tree 50 of
Turning now to
Once the splitting program has completed the split and merge phases and the pointer table and lookup table are appropriately written to and populated, a lookup operation can proceed. If no match is found in decision block 96, one has to take the precomputed longest-match-so-far stored along with the pointer obtained in block 94.
A lookup begins at step 90 and proceeds by performing a longest-matching prefix search in the pointer table, as shown by step 92. The pointer which results from the longest prefix match will then be chosen to point to a particular sub-database, as shown by step 94. The selected sub-database then undergoes a longest-matching prefix search to determine a prefix that matches the prefix of the incoming address, as shown by step 96. Once a match occurs, then the lookup operation is terminated for that address, as shown by step 98.
The mechanism for performing a longest-matching prefix operation in the pointer table, followed by a longest-matching prefix in the sub-database can result from a masking operation, beginning with a more significant bit position and proceeding down the binary pattern to a lesser significant bit position. The mask length can, therefore, be decimated or reduced until a match occurs. It is contemplated that any form of masking might be used, as well as any well-known longest prefix matching technique, all of which are encompassed in blocks 92 and 96 of
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident to one skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
Various aspects of the subject-matter described herein are set out non-exhaustively in the following numbered clauses:
1. A method of forming a forwarding database, comprising:
The foregoing detailed description has discussed only a few of the many forms that this invention can take. For this reason, the detailed description is intended by way of illustration and not limitation. It is only the following claims, including all equivalents, that are intended to define the scope of this invention.
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Saturday, July 16, 2011
A Final Round Full of Potential
People don't wake up at 2 or 3 in the morning to watch a bunch of golfers they don't care about. That's not what makes the British Open fun. What gets the alarm clocks going is 61-year-old past champions being the low man on the golf course, and a kid dressed in all white rain gear going lower than anyone else.
Sunday will give us all that, plus more. We have Lefty, Dustin, Rickie and Darren. So who to root for? Which is the best storyline?
Personally (and I know my dad is going to hate this), I'm rooting for Darren Clarke. The 42-year-old Northern Irishman (Ed. Note: What the hell are they putting in the Guinness up there? I'm half-expecting McIlroy's dad to contend in the next major.) is just all class, and no bull, and I love everything about him. I love the way he smiles on the golf course, and the fact that he said after the round that winning this would be a "lifetime dream." I like that him and Lucas Glover looked like they were, *gulp*, having fun on the golf course on Saturday. I love that he is just a man, and a man that doesn't try to be something else. Golfers are who they are, and although I don't mind going to the gym and think people should do whatever they want, it's nice to see a guy not mold into the Tiger cookie cutter.
And if isn't Darren, it can gladly be Dustin Johnson. The 27-year-old American posted a 68 on Saturday, and will be in the final group for the third time in his last five majors. He's due for a win, and maybe he can shake off this cold and past memories and just go out and do what seems to be natural to him.
But Rickie Fowler is there as well. He played some beautiful golf during some of the toughest conditions of the day, and is right there three shots back. If he wins, it would be our mate to the European's check of young studs.
I just love the whole leaderboard. I love Glover's mentality, enjoy Miguel Angel Jimenez's grace, appreciate the fighting effort of Phil Mickelson. I'd cheer for Anthony Kim, applaud Thomas Bjorn, and smile for Davis Love III.
It's going to be an exciting finish. Don't forget to set that alarm.
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4 comments:
- Mark said...
Nice write up.
- July 16, 2011 at 12:57 PM
- Mark said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- July 16, 2011 at 12:58 PM
As much as i'd love to see Clarke win, i get the feeling it won't happen. Just like Tom Watson 2 years ago, he will fall at the last hurdle. I'm thinking probably Thomas Bjorn will come outta nowhere.
- July 16, 2011 at 11:36 PM
- friv4school said...
Great! Thanks for sharing the information. That is very helpful for increasing my knowledge in this field.
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- June 15, 2015 at 2:40 AM
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Discs for Road and Cyclocross
Shimano is the latest component manufacturer to show that it's thinking about the future of stopping road and cyclocross bikes. This summer, it will release two new mechanical disc calipers. Both new calipers have a lower-profile shape, and boost performance over previous mountain bike mechanical calipers, the company says.
The BR-CX75 is optimized for muddy conditions often seen on 'cross courses. The brakes will work with any Shimano Super SLR shift and brake levers (105 5700, Ultegra 6700, and Dura-Ace 7900). And the calipers will be compatible with Shimano's RT81 mountain bike disc rotor.
The BR-R515 is offered as a Tiagra-level component that works with Shimano's RT64 rotor, but is designed specifically for road use.
Shimano Goes Low
New Ultegra 6700, 105, and Tiagra rear derailleurs will accommodate lower gears, similar to road drivetrain systems available from SRAM. The Ultegra and 105 models can shift to rear cogs with up to 30 teeth, including new 12-30t Ultegra- and 105-level cassettes. A mid-length-cage 105 derailleur works with 32t cogs. Tiagra also moves to 10-speed, and has two new rear derailleur options: short- and mid-cage, which work with 30t and 32t cassettes, respectively.
Sora Upgrades
Budget-priced Sora, commonly used on comfort and fitness-style bikes, gets updated levers. STI shifters for drop bars will receive a new gear indicator. The thumb shifter is also replaced by a paddle behind the brake lever, similar to Shimano's other STI levers. New flat-bar shifters will work with 2x9 and 3x9 drivetrains. Rear derailleurs are now compatible with 32t rear cogs. And new crank options include 50/34 and 46/34 doubles, as well as a 50/39/30 triple.


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Unknown: There's Proof I'm Me
A man wakes up from a car accident and finds out that someone else has assumed his identity.
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Michelle Obama: South Side Girl
Michelle Obama's family shares their stories about how she was like back then.
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Abduction: "What's my Real Name?"
A young man pursues the truth about his identity after finding his photo on a missing persons website.
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B.o.B for Adidas
The American rapper shares his highest and lowest points in his music career.
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The head of the federal consumer watchdog encouraged credit card companies to disclose credit scores to consumers for free.
Richard Cordray, the director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or CFPB, said in a speech Thursday that more consumers would understand their creditworthiness better if they were exposed more often to their own credit scores.
One way to do that would be for credit card companies to provide credit scores to their cardholders on monthly statements or online. Two-thirds of Americans carry credit cards, he said.
Discover, Barclaycard and First National Bank of Omaha all are giving consumers a free peek at their FICO credit score on their monthly statements through FICO's open access program. These scores also come with factors that are hurting the consumer's credit score, helping to inform consumers about the financial behaviors that can be detrimental to their creditworthiness.
The open access program from FICO is available to all U.S. issuers, but the three banks are the only ones so far taking advantage of it.
Director Cordray also revealed the top three credit reporting complaints that the CFPB received from October 22, 2012 to the first of this month.
- Incorrect information on a credit report.
- Frustration with the credit reporting bureau's investigation into a dispute.
- Difficulty obtaining a credit report or score.
Cordray reminded consumers that they can file a complaint with the CFPB online if they are unsatisfied with the response from a credit bureau. Consumers are also entitled to free credit reports every 12 months from each major bureau -- Equifax, Experian and TransUnion.
Lastly, Cordray said the CFPB issued a bulletin to all companies that provide data to the credit bureaus -- called furnishers -- on how to conduct dispute investigations. The bulletin says furnishers must notify all credit bureaus when they find errors in a report. It also warns against simply deleting disputed items from a consumer's credit file because an investigation may reveal deficiencies in the furnisher's reporting process.
Cordray spoke at the meeting of the Consumer Advisory Board in Washington, D.C.
Do you know what your credit score is? When was the last time you looked at your credit report?
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What is toe pain?
Toe pain is any uncomfortable sensation in the toes. Your toes contain bones (the phalanges), joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels, all of which are subject to injury, infection, or other conditions that cause pain.
Learn More About Toe Pain
Toe pain may last briefly or be constant. You may feel a throbbing, piercing or tingling sensation. Pain-like sensations that are often described as pins and needles, prickling, or burning are called paresthesia. Toe pain may be simply irritating and uncomfortable or so debilitating that you cannot put a shoe on or put any kind of pressure on your foot or toe. Toe pain can arise from a variety of conditions ranging from a bunion to nerve conditions.
In some cases, toe pain can be a symptom of a serious condition, such as an infection or peripheral artery disease. If you are experiencing persistent toe pain or pain with swelling, redness, and warmth of the toe, seek prompt medical care.
What other symptoms might occur with toe pain?
Other symptoms may occur with toe pain depending on the underlying disease, disorder or condition. For example, an infection or inflammation of the toe might be accompanied by redness or warmth of the area.
Symptoms that may occur along with toe painSymptoms that may occur with toe pain include:
Burning feeling
- ... Read more about toe painsymptoms
What causes toe pain?
Many cases of toe pain are due to injury or age-related wear and tear on the skin, muscles, bones, joints, tendons, and ligaments of the toe. Common causes of toe pain include calluses, arthritis and bunions. However, infectious diseases, neurological conditions, and other abnormal processes can also affect the toe. In particular, sores on your toes that do not heal properly may be a sign of po... Read more about toe paincauses


text: With a wet July behind us, we have been introduced to a very hot and humid August. When this happens it is common for residents to see an increase in insects including spiders, roaches, flies and mosquitoes. Although roaches, flies and mosquitoes are annoying little pests they normally do not cause any medical or health issues for humans. Spiders however, can cause many problems. Especially the poisonous ones.


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Fresenius Medical Care North America (FMCNA) operates a network of more than 1,800 dialysis clinics located throughout the US. One of the largest providers of kidney dialysis services, FMCNA offers outpatient and in-home hemodialysis treatments for chronic kidney disease, as well as nutritional counseling and other patient services through its UltraCare – more... business segment. Through other operating businesses, the company markets and sells dialysis machines and related equipment; its Spectra Laboratories offers renal research and laboratory services. FMCNA oversees the North American operations of dialysis giant Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. and accounts for about 65% of its parent's revenue.
Financial Analysis
FMCNA's 2011 revenue was flat, up just a quarter of a percent from 2010 to $8.2 billion. Dialysis care services, which bring in 90% of FMCNA's overall sales, rose slightly that year, primarily due to organic growth. That was offset by a decline in dialysis product sales.
Government programs account for a significant portion of revenues for dialysis services in the US, so FMCNA is keenly attuned to changes in reimbursement policy from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Veterans Administration. Likewise, it is paying close attention to new changes in health care policy
Mergers and Acquisitions
The company's parent struck two acquisition deals in 2012 that will expand the FMCNA network. Early in the year it acquired Liberty Dialysis Holdings, which operates clinics through Liberty Dialysis Inc. and Renal Advantage, for some $1.7 billion. Following the acquisition, FMCNA arranged to divest more than 60 of the clinics from Liberty but will have 200 clinics remaining. The firm also agreed to purchase American Access Care Holdings for $385 million, which will add vascular access centers that provide minimally invasive surgery services for dialysis patients. – less