text:
The present invention is a novel and improved method and apparatus for transmitting data in a multiple carrier CDMA communication system. In the first implementation of the present invention, the data is encoded and the resulting encoded symbols are divided up and transmitted on different frequencies. The encoded symbols are provided to a symbol repetition means which keeps the symbol rate of data to be transmitted fixed. In a second embodiment, no symbol repetition is provided and variable length Walsh sequences are used to handle data rate variations.
1. A wireless transmitter, comprising:
an encoder for encoding a set of information bits to provide a set of code symbols at a data rate;
a demultiplexer for providing said set of code symbols in first and second code symbol subsets having different code symbol rates to first and second modulators, wherein said data rate is equal to a combined said different code symbol rates, said first and second modulators respectively modulating said first and second code symbol subsets according to first and second code symbol rate formats, respectively, wherein said different code symbol rates have a ratio equal a number other than one, to provide modulated first code symbol subset and second code symbol subset;
a transmission subsystem for said modulated first code symbol subset on a first carrier frequency and said modulated second code symbol subset on a second carrier frequency.
2. The wireless transmitter of
3. The wireless transmitter of
4. The wireless transmitter of
5. The wireless transmitter of
6. The wireless transmitter of
7. A circuit for modulating an information signal, said circuit comprising:
a control processor;
an encoder for error-correction encoding of said information signal according to a format determined by said control processor to produce encoded symbols at a data rate;
a variable ratio demultiplexer for providing said encoded symbols to a plurality of modulators at different data rates, wherein said data rate is equal to a combined said different data rates, wherein a ratio of said different rates equals a number other than one, wherein said ratio is selected in response to a control signal from said control processor.
8. The circuit of
9. The circuit of
10. The circuit of
11. The circuit of
12. A method for modulating an information signal, said method comprising the steps of:
error-correction encoding said information signal to produce encoded symbols at a data rate;
providing said encoded symbols to a plurality of modulators at different data rates, wherein said data rate is equal to a combined said different data rates, wherein a ratio of said different rates equals a number other than one; modulating said encoded symbols in each of said plurality of modulators according to a different modulation format in response to a symbol rate of said encoded symbols.
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
I. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to communications. More particularly, the present invention relates to a novel and improved method and apparatus for maximizing system throughput and increasing signal diversity by dynamically multiplexing signals onto multiple carriers in a spread spectrum communication system.
II. Description of the Related Art
The present invention is concerned with transmitting data at rates which are higher than the maximum data rate of a single CDMA channel. A traditional CDMA channel (as standardized for cellular communication in the United States) is capable of carry digital data at a maximum rate of 9.6 bits per second using a 64 bit Walsh spreading function at 1.2288 MHz.
Many solutions to this problem have been proposed. One solution is to allocate multiple channels to the users and allow those users to transmit and receive data in parallel on the plurality of channels available to them. Two methods for providing multiple CDMA channels for use by a single user are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,005,855, entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING VARIABLE RATE DATA IN A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM USING STATISTICAL MULTIPLEXING", filed Apr. 28, 1997 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,777,990, entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING VARIABLE RATE DATA IN A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM USING NON-ORTHOGONAL OVERFLOW CHANNELS", filed Apr. 16, 1997, both of which are assigned to the assignee of the present invention and are incorporated by reference herein. In addition, frequency diversity can be obtained by transmitting data over multiple spread spectrum channels that are separated from one another in frequency. A method and apparatus for redundantly transmitting data over multiple CDMA channels is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,166,951, entitled "HIGH CAPACITY SPREAD SPECTRUM CHANNEL", which is incorporated by reference herein.
The use of code division multiple access (CDMA) modulation techniques is one of several techniques for facilitating communications in which a large number of system users are present. Other multiple access communication system techniques, such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and AM modulation schemes such as amplitude companded single sideband (ACSSB) are known in the art. However, the spread spectrum modulation technique of CDMA has significant advantages over these other modulation techniques for multiple access communication systems.
The use of CDMA techniques in a multiple access communication system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,901,307, entitled "SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING SATELLITE OR TERRESTRIAL REPEATERS", assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein. The use of CDMA techniques in a multiple access communication system is further disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,103,459, entitled "SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GENERATING SIGNAL WAVEFORMS IN A CDMA CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM", assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein. Code division multiple access communications systems have been standardized in the United States in Telecommunications Industry Association Interim Standard IS-95, entitled "Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System", which is incorporated by reference herein.
The CDMA waveform by its inherent nature of being a wideband signal offers a form of frequency diversity by spreading the signal energy over a wide bandwidth. Therefore, frequency selective fading affects only a small part of the CDMA signal bandwidth. Space or path diversity on the forward/reverse link is obtained by providing multiple signal paths through simultaneous links to/from a mobile user through two or more antennas, cell sectors or cell-sites. Furthermore, path diversity may be obtained by exploiting the multipath environment through spread spectrum processing by allowing a signal arriving with different propagation delays to be received and processed separately. Examples of the utilization of path diversity are illustrated in copending U.S. Pat. No. 5,101,501 entitled "SOFT HANDOFF IN A CDMA CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM", and U.S. Pat. No. 5,109,390 entitled "DIVERSITY RECEIVER IN A CDMA CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM", both assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein.
FIG. 1 illustrates a transmission scheme for a multiple-carrier code division multiple access (CDMA) system in which each carrier carries a fixed fraction of the transmitted data. Variable rate frame of information bits are provided to encoder 2 which encodes the bits in accordance with a convolutional encoding format. The encoded symbols are provided to symbol repetition means 4. Symbol repetition means 4 repeats the encoded symbols so as to provide a fixed rate of symbols out of symbol repetition means 4, regardless of the rate of the information bits.
The repeated symbols are provided to block interleaver 6 rearranges the sequence in which the symbols are to be transmitted. The interleaving process, coupled with the forward error correction, provides time diversity which aids in the reception and error recovery of the transmitted signal in the face of burst errors. The interleaved symbols are provided to data scrambler 12. Data scrambler 12 multiplies each interleaved symbol by (+1 or −1) according to a pseudonoise (PN) sequence. The pseudonoise sequence is provided by passing a long PN sequence generated by long code generator 8 at the chip rate through decimator 10 which selectively provides a subset of the chips of the long code sequence at the rate of the interleaved symbol stream.
The data from data scrambler 12 is provided to demultiplexer (DEMUX) 14. Demultiplexer 14 divides the data stream into three equal sub-streams. The first sub-stream is provided to transmission subsystem 15 a, the second sub-stream to transmission subsystem 15 b and the third sub-stream to transmission subsystem 15 c. The subframes are provided to serial-to-parallel converters (BINARY TO 4 LEVEL) 16 a-16 c. The outputs of serial to parallel converters 16 a-16 c are quaternary symbols (2bits/symbol) to be transmitted in a QPSK modulation format
The signals from serial-to-parallel converters 16 a-16 c are provided to Walsh coders 18 a-18 c. In Walsh coders 18 a-18 c, the signals from converters 16 a-16 c is multiplied by a Walsh sequence consisting of □1 values. The Walsh coded data is provided to QPSK spreaders 20 a-20 c, which spread the data in accordance with two short PN sequences. The short PN sequence spread signals are provided to amplifiers 22 a-22 b which amplify the signals in accordance with a gain factor.
The system described above suffers from a plurality of drawbacks. First, because the data is to be provided in equal sub-streams on each of the carriers, the available numerology is limited to frames with a number of code symbols that will divide evenly by a factor of three. Table 1 below illustrates the limited number of possible rate sets which are available using the transmission system illustrated in FIG. 1.
As illustrated in Table 1, because the symbols are evenly distributed to the three carries, the total data rate is limited by the carrier with the least power available or requiring the highest SNR. That is the total data rate is equal to tree times the data rate of the "worst" link (here the worst means the one requiring the highest SNR or having the least power available). This reduces the system throughput, because the worst link's rate is always chosen as the common rate for all three carriers, which results in under utilization of the channel resource on the two better links.
Second, frequency dependent fading can severely affect one of the frequencies while having a limited effect on the remaining frequencies. This implementation is inflexible and does not allow transmission of a frame to be provided in a way that reduces the effects of the poor channel. Third, because of frequency dependent fading, the fading will typically always affect the same groups of symbols of each frame. Fourth, were the implementation to be superimposed on a speech transmission system there is no good way to balance the loads carried on the different frequencies on a frame by frame basis in the face of variable speech activities in each frame. This results in loss in total system throughput. And fifth, for a system with only three frequency channels, with the implementation described, there is no method of separating the speech and data so as to provide the data on one frequency or set of frequencies and the speech on a different frequency or set of frequencies. This results in a loss of system throughput as mentioned above.
Therefore, there is a need felt for an improved multi-carrier CDMA communication system which offers greater flexibility in numerology and load balancing, better resolution in data rates supported, and which offers superior performance in the face of frequency dependent fading and uneven loading.
To better utilize the channel resource, it's necessary to be able to transmit a different data rate on each carrier according to the channel condition and the available power on each channel. One way of doing this is by changing the ratio of the inverse-multiplexing on to each of the carriers. Instead of distributing the symbols with a ratio of 1:1:1, a more arbitrary ratio can be used together with different repetition schemes as long as the resulting symbol rate on each carrier is a factor of some Walsh function rate. Walsh function rate can be 1228800, 614400, 307200, . . . , 75 for Walsh function length from 1 to 16384.
Given the Walsh function length, if the symbol rate is lower than the Walsh function rate, symbol repetition is used to "match" the rate. The repetition factor can be any number, integer or fractional. It will be understood by one skilled in the art that when repetition is present, the total transmit power can be proportionately reduced to keep the code symbol energy constant. The Walsh function length may or may not be the same on the three carriers, depending on whether we need to save code channels. For example, if the supportable code symbol rate on the three channels are 153600 sps, 30720 sps and 102400 sps (for rate � coding, these correspond to data rates of 76.8 kbps, 15.36 kbps and 51.2 kbps, respectively—the total data rate is 143.36 kbps), then the inverse-multiplexing ratio will be 15:3:10.
If a Walsh function of length 8 is used for all three channels (assuming QPSK modulation with a QPSK symbol rate of 153.6 Ksps), then each code symbol is transmitted twice, ten times, and three times on the three channels, respectively. Additional time diversity can be obtained if the repeated symbols are further interleaved. In an alternative embodiment, different Walsh function lengths are used. For example, Walsh functions for the three channels in the example of above of length 16, 16 and 8 respectively can be used, with each code symbol transmitted once on the first channel, five times on the second, and three times on the third.
The above approach does not affect the encoder since it has to be able to handle the highest data rate anyway. All that is changed is the number of data octets at the encoder input. However, this approach does have an impact on the implementation of the interleaver because the interleaver will have many possible sizes (in terms of number of symbols) if all combinations of data rates on the three channels are allowed. One alternative to the above approach which mitigates this problem is to inverse-multiplex the code symbols out of the encoder to the three carriers directly and perform interleaving of repeated code symbols on each channel separately. This simplifies the numerology and reduces the number of possible interleaver sizes on each channel.
The features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings in which like reference characters identify correspondingly throughout and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a multiple frequency CDMA communication system with fixed rates and carriers;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the transmission system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the receiver system of the present invention; and
FIGS. 4A-C are tables of code channel Walsh symbols in a traditional IS95 CDMA communication system.
Referring to FIG. 2, the first operation to be performed is to determine the amount of data which can be supported on each of the carriers. Three such carriers are illustrated in FIG. 2, though one skilled in the art will realize that the present invention is easily extended to any number of carriers. Control processor 50 based on a set of factors such as the loading on each of the carriers, the amount of data queued for transmission to the mobile station and the priority of the information to be transmitted to the mobile station determines the rate of data transmission on each of the carriers.
After having selected the data rate to be transmitted on each of the carriers, control processor 50 selects a modulation format that is capable of transmitting data at the selected rate. In the exemplary embodiment, different length Walsh sequences are used to modulate the data depending on the rate of the data to be transmitted. The use of different length Walsh sequences selected to modulate the data depending on the rate of the data to be transmitted is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,930,230, filed May 28, 1996, entitled "HIGH RATE DATA WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM", which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein. In an alternative embodiment, the high rate data can be supported by bundling of CDMA channels as described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,005,855 and 5,777,990.
Once the rates which will be supported on each of the carriers is selected then control processor 50 calculates an inverse multiplexing ratio that will determine the amount of each transmission that will be carried on each of the carriers. For example, if the supportable code symbol rate on the three channels are 153600 sps, 30720 sps and 102400 sps (for rate � coding, these correspond to data rates of 76.8 kbps, 15.36 kbps and 51.2 kbps, respectively—the total data rate is 143.36 kbps), then the inverse-multiplexing ratio will be 15:3:10.
In the exemplary embodiment, frames of information bits are provided to frame formatter 52. In the exemplary embodiment, formatter 52 generates and appends to the frame a set of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits. In addition, formatter 52 appends a predetermined set of tail bits. The implementation and design of frame formatters are well known in the art, an example of a typical frame formatter is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,600,754, entitled "METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OF VOCODER DATA FOR THE MASKING OF TRANSMISSION CHANNEL INDUCED ERRORS", which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein.
The formatted data is provided to encoder 54. In the exemplary embodiment, encoder 54 is a convolutional encoder, though the present invention can be extended to other forms of encoding. A signal from control processor 50 indicates to encoder 54 the number of bits to be encoded in this transmission cycle. In the exemplary embodiment, encoder 54 is a rate � convolutional encoder with a constraint length of 9. It should be noted that because of the additional flexibility provided by the present invention, essentially any encoding format can be used.
The encoded symbols from encoder 54 are provided to variable ratio de-multiplexer 56. Variable ratio de-multiplexer 56 provides the encoded symbols to a set of outputs based on a symbol output signal provided by control processor 50. In the exemplary embodiment, there are three carrier frequencies and control processor 50 provides a signal indicative of the number of encoded symbols to be provided on each of the three outputs. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, the present invention is easily extended to an arbitrary number of frequencies.
The encoded symbols provided on each of the outputs of variable ratio de-multiplexer demultiplexer 56 are provided to a corresponding symbol repetition means 58 a-58 c. Symbol repetition means 58 a 14 58 c generate repeated versions of the encoded symbols so that the resultant symbol rate matches with the rate of data supported on that carrier and in particular matches Walsh function rate used on that carrier. The implementation of repetition generators 58 a-58 c is known in the art and an example of such is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,629,955, entitled "Variable Response Filter", which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein. Control processor 50 provides a separate signal to each repetition generator 58 a-58 c indicating the rate of symbols on each carrier or alternatively the amount of repetition to be provided on each carrier. In response to the signal from control processor 50, repetition means 58 a-58 c generate the requisite number of repeated symbols to provide the designated symbol rates. It should be noted that in the preferred embodiment, the amount of repetition is not limited to integer numbers wherein all symbols are repeated the same number of times. A method for providing non-integer repetition is described in detail in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/886,815, filed Mar. 26, 1997, entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HIGH SPEED DATA IN A SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM", which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated by reference herein.
The symbols from repetition generators 58 a-58 c are provided to a corresponding one of interleavers 60 a-60 c which reorders the repeated symbols in accordance with a predetermined interleaver format. Control processor 50 provides an interleaving format signal to each of interleavers 60 a-60 c which indicates one of a predetermined set of interleaving formats. In the exemplary embodiment, the interleaving format is selected from a predetermined set of bit reversal interleaving formats.
The reordered symbols from interleavers 60 a-60 c are provided data scramblers 62 a-62 c. Each of data scramblers 62 a-62 c changes the sign of the data in accordance with a pseudonoise (PN) sequence. Each PN sequence is provided by passing a long PN code generated by long code generator 82 at the chip rate through a decimator 84 a-84 c, which selectively provides ones of the spreading symbols to provide a PN sequence at a rate no each carrier that provided by PN generator 82. Because the symbol rate on may be different from one another, the decimation rate of decimators 84 a-84 c may be different. Decimators 62 a-62 c are sample and hold circuits which sample the PN sequence out of PN generator 82 and continue to output that value for a predetermined period. The implementation of PN generator 82 and decimators 84 a-84 c are well known in the art and are described in detail in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,103,459. Data scramblers 62 a-62 c exclusively-OR the binary symbols from interleavers 60 a-60 c with the decimated pseudonoise binary sequences from decimators 84 a -84 c.
The binary scrambled symbol sequences are provided to serial to parallel converters (BINARY TO 4-LEVEL) 64 a-64 c. Two binary symbols provided to converters 64 a-64 c are mapped to a quaternary constellation with values (�1,�1). The constellation values are provided on two outputs from converters 62 a-62 c. The symbol streams from converters 64 a-643 c are separately provided to Walsh spreaders 66 a-66 c.
There are many methods of providing high speed data in a code division multiple access communication system. In the preferred embodiment, the Walsh sequence length is varied in accordance with the rate of the data to be modulated. Shorter Walsh sequences are used to modulate higher speed data and longer Walsh sequences are used to modulate lower rate data. For example, a 64 bit Walsh sequence can be used to transmit data at 19.2 Ksps. However, a 32 bit Walsh sequence can be used to modulate data at 38.4 Ksps.
A system describing variable length Walsh sequence modulation is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6/173,007, entitled "HIGH DATA RATE SUPPLEMENTAL CHANNEL FOR CDMA TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM", filed Jan. 15, 1997 and incorporated by reference herein. The length of the Walsh sequences used to modulate the data depend on the rate of the data to be transmitted. FIGS. 4A-C illustrate the Walsh functions in a traditional IS-95 CDMA system.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the number of Walsh channels allocated for the high-rate data can be any value 2N where N32 {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. The Walsh codes used by Walsh coders 66 a-66 c are 64/2N symbols long, rather than the 64 symbols used with the IS-95 Walsh codes. In order for the high-rate channel to be orthogonal to the other code channels with 64-symbol Walsh codes, 2N of the possible 64 quaternary-phase channels with 64-symbol Walsh are eliminated from use. Table I provides a list of the possible Walsh codes for each value of N and the corresponding sets of allocated 64-symbol Walsh codes.
The + and − indicate a positive or negative integer value, where the preferred integer is 1. As is apparent, the number of Walsh symbols in each Walsh code varies as N varies, and in all instances is less than the number of symbols in the IS-95 Walsh channel codes. Regardless of the length of the Walsh code, in the described embodiment of the invention the symbols are applied at a rate of 1.2288 Megachips per second (Mcps). Thus, shorter length Walsh codes are repeated more often. Control processor 50 provides a signal to Walsh coding elements 66 a-66 c which indicates the Walsh sequence to be used to spread the data.
Alternative methods for transmitting high rate data in CDMA communication system also include methods generally referred to as channel bundling techniques. The present invention is equally applicable to the channel bundling methods for providing high speed data in a CDMA communication system. One method of providing channel bundled data is to provide a plurality of Walsh channels for use by a signal user. This method is described in detail in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,818,871. An alternative channel bundling technique is to provide the user with use of one Walsh code channel but to differentiate w the signals from one another by means of different scrambling signals as described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,777,990.
The Walsh spread data is provided to PN spreaders 68 a-68 c, which apply a short PN sequence spreading on the output signals. In the exemplary embodiment, the PN spreading is performed by means of a complex multiplication as described in detail in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 6,173,007. Data channels DI and DQ are complex multiplied, as the first real and imaginary terms respectively, with spreading codes PNI and PNQ, as the second real and imaginary terms respectively, yielding in-phase (or real) term XI and quadrature-phase (or imaginary) term XQ. Spreading codes PNI and PNQ are generated by spreading code generators 67 and 69. Spreading codes PNI and PNQ are applied at 1.2288 Mcps. Equation (1) illustrates the complex multiplication performed.
In-phase term XI is then low-pass filtered to a 1.2288 MHz bandwidth (not shown) and upconverted by multiplication with in-phase carrier COS(ωct). Similarly, quadrature-phase term XQ is low-pass filtered to a 1.2288 MHz bandwidth (not shown) and upconverted by multiplication with quadrature-phase carrier SIN(ωct). The upconverted XI and XQ terms are summed yielding forward link signal s(t). The complex multiplication allows quadrature-phase channel set to remain orthogonal to the in-phase channel set and therefore to be provided without adding additional interference to the other channels transmitted over the same path with perfect receiver phase recovery.
The PN spread data is, then, provided to filters 70 a-70 c which spectrally shape the signals for transmission. The filtered signals are provided to gain multipliers 72 a-72 c, which amplify the signals for each carrier. The gain factor is supplied to gain elements 72 a-72 c by control processor 50. In the exemplary embodiment, control processor 50 selects the gain factor for each carrier in accordance with the channel condition and the rate of the information data to be transmitted on that carrier. As is known by one skilled in the art, data that is transmitted with repetition can be transmitted with lower symbol energy than data without repetition.
The amplified signals are provided to an optional switch 74. Switch 74 provides the additional flexibility of channel hopping the data signals onto different carriers. Typically, switch 74 is only used when the number of carriers actually used to transmit the signal is smaller that the total number of possible carriers (3 in the present example).
The data is passed by switch 74 to carrier modulators 76 a-76 c. Each of carrier modulators 76 a-76 c upconvert the data to a different predetermined frequency. The upconverted signals are provided to transmitter 78 where they are combined with other similarly processed signals, filtered and amplified for transmission through antenna 80. In the exemplary embodiment, the amplified frequency upon which each of the signals are transmitted varies with time. This provides additional frequency diversity for the transmitted signals. For example a signal that is currently being transmitted through carrier modulator 76 a will at predetermined time interval be switched so as to be transmitted on a different frequency through carrier modulators 76 a-76 c. In accordance with a signal from control processor 50, switch 74 directs an amplified input signal from gain multiplier 72 a-72 c to an appropriate carrier modulator 76 a-76 c.
Turning to FIG. 3, the receiver system for the present invention is illustrated. The signal received at antenna 100 is passed to receiver (RCVR) 102, which amplifies and filters the signal before providing it to switch 104. The data is provided through switch 104 to an appropriate carrier demodulator 106 a-106 c. It will be understood by one skilled in the art that although the receiver structure is described for the reception of a signal transmitted on three frequencies, the present invention can easily be extended to an arbitrary number of frequencies consecutive to one another or not.
When the carriers on which the data is transmitted are rotated or hopped to provide additional frequency diversity, switch 104 provides the received signal to a selected carrier demodulator 106 a-106 c in response to a control signal from control processor 125. When the carrier frequencies are not hopped or rotated, then switch 104 is unnecessary. Each of carrier demodulators 106 a-106 c Quaternary Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) demodulate the received signal to baseband using a different downconversion frequency to provide a separate I and Q baseband signals.
The downconverted signals from each of carrier demodulators 106 a-106 c are provided to a corresponding PN despreader 108 a-108 c which removes the short code spreading from the downconverted data. The I and Q signals are despread by complex multiplication with a pair of short PN code. The PN despread data is provided to Walsh demodulators 110 a-110 c, which uncover the data in accordance with the assigned code channel sequences. In the exemplary embodiment, Walsh functions are used in the generation and reception of the CDMA signals but other forms of code channel generation are equally applicable. Control processor 125 provides a signal to Walsh demodulators 110 a-110 c indicating the Walsh sequences to be used to uncover the data.
The Walsh despread symbols are provided to parallel-to-serialconverters (4-LEVEL TO BINARY) 112 a-112 c, which map the 2-dimensional signal into a 1-dimensional signal. The symbols are then provided to descramblers 114 a-114 c. Descramblers 114 a-114 c descramble the data in accordance with a decimated long code sequence generated as described with respect to the decimated long code sequences used to scramble the data in FIG. 2.
The descrambled data is provided to de-interleavers (DE-INT) 116 a-116 c. De-interleavers 116 a-116 c reorder the symbols in accordance with selected de-interleaver formats that are provided by control processor 125. In the exemplary embodiment, control processor 125 provides a signal indicative of the size of the deinterleaver and the scheme of de-interleaving to each of de-interleavers 116 a-116 c. In the exemplary embodiment, the de-interleaving scheme is selected from a predetermined set of bit reversal de-interleaving schemes.
The de-interleaved symbols are then provided to symbol combiners 118 a-118 c which coherently combine those repeatedly transmitted symbols. The combined symbols (soft decisions) are then provided to variable ratio multiplexer 120 which reassembles the data stream and provides the reassembled data stream to decoder 122. In the exemplary embodiment decoder 122 is a maximum likelihood decoder, the implementation of which is well known in the art. In the exemplary embodiment, decoder 122 contains a buffer (not shown) which waits until an entire frame of data has been provided to it before beginning the decoding process. The decoded frame is provided to CRC check means 124 which determines whether the CRC bits check and if so provides them to the user otherwise an erasure is declared.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
July 28, 2015
OVERLAND PARK, Kan. Authorities say there is enough evidence to warrant a hate-crimes prosecution in the shooting spree that killed three people at a Jewish community center and Jewish retirement complex near Kansas City.
Frazier Glenn Cross of Aurora, Mo., is jailed in Johnson County, Kan. He has not been formally charged in the killings, but officials said more information about charges was expected Tuesday.
Police say Cross fatally shot two people Sunday afternoon in the parking lot behind the Jewish Community Center of Greater Kansas City, then drove to a retirement community where he shot a third person. He was arrested in an elementary school parking lot.
U.S. Attorney Barry Grissom announced at a news conference that enough evidence had been gathered to justify submitting a hate-crimes case to a grand jury.
To comment, the following rules must be followed:
Comments may be monitored for inappropriate content, but the station is under no legal obligation to do so.
If you believe a comment violates the above rules, please use the Flagging Tool to alert a Moderator.
Flagging does not guarantee removal.
Multiple violations may result in account suspension.
Decisions to suspend or unsuspend accounts are made by Station Moderators.
Questions may be sent to email@example.com. Please provide detailed information.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Online dating is now the second-most common way couples meet, with 30 to 40 percent of singles trying out some 1,500 services, from sites to apps. So if you're single and don't want to be, shunning digital dating is kinda, well, dumb. But to avoid spending all your time clicking aimlessly or going on dates you feel like running (screaming) from, you need a game plan.
These five enterprising, and ultimately triumphant, mate seekers were willing to share theirs. Check out their proven online dating tips for sparking love—one of which might just lead you to your own real-world relationship.
Amy Webb
38, Baltimore, married, used JDate.com
The Strategy: Peek at other women's profiles, and don't settle for less than your perfect guy.
The Process: After a string of awful online dates, Amy took a clever route to improving her own profile, creating several fake male profiles so she could see how the women who came up most often in search results presented themselves. What she found (and copied): Popular women showed some skin in their photos (shoulders or a bit of cleavage) and kept their "About Me" sections short.
Her old profile included detailed descriptions of her work life and what she wanted in a man; her new one was just 100 words, "each carefully selected to optimize my chances of attracting the largest number of men." After the switch, "I was one of the most popular people on the site," says Amy, who wrote a book about her experience called Data: A Love Story.
But she didn't date indiscriminately from there. She agreed to go out only with men who fulfilled most of her 72-trait checklist of what she wanted in a partner. Her dual strategy is how she met Brian, her husband of five years.
The Guy: Before she reengineered her profile, Amy had dates who stuck her with the check and didn't tell her they were married, but Brian is exactly who she was looking for: a bald, Jewish travel fiend. (And yes, she specifically wanted a baldie!)
Joan Brown
33, New York City, engaged, used HowAboutWe.com
The Strategy: Demand to be wined and dined—or at least not simply wined.
The Process: Perhaps the most common way to size up a digital potential is by meeting for a quick drink, but Joan wanted more. She found drink dates uncreative—get-togethers that didn't tell her anything about a potential match's interests. So when a guy proposed seeing a Richard Avedon exhibit at the local museum, Joan jumped at the chance to meet someone who shared her passion for art and fashion. A year and a half later, he got down on one knee and proposed something else.
The Guy: Joan's graduate-student fiancé, Victor, is "the most thoughtful, caring, and kind person," she says. Like Joan, he loves art and avidly keeps up with current events. Besides, he makes her laugh every day. They plan on marrying next March.


text:
Employee Health
Goals of Service:
To provide optimal, occupational health services to employees.
Definition of Practice and Role in Multidisciplinary Care:
We operate in compliance with guidelines established by the Infection Control Committee, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Centers for Disease Control (CDC), and Joint Commission Accredited Health Care Organizations (TJC).
Monday - Friday
A "Needlestick Team" RN, is on call after hours for evaluation of needle sticks and other exposures to blood or body fluids. The Needlestick Team can be reached calling UAB Paging at 934-3411.
Main Office Contact Information:
Postal Address: S123
Spain Wallace Building
620 19th Street South
Birmingham, AL 35249-6508
Phone: 205-934-3675
Fax: 205-975-6900
Campus Address: SW123 Spain Wallace
E-mail Address: email@example.com
Highland's Office Contact Information:
Postal Address: 1201 11th Avenue South
Birmingham, AL 35249
Phone: 205-930-7926
Fax: 205-930-8229
Monday & Wednesday - 7:00AM-10:00AM
Friday 2:00PM-5:00PM


text:
Portfolio Analyzer/Builder: Regions & Sectors
Is your portfolio globally diversified and mainly in the strongest sectors ? - Windows Demo $59.95. Is your trading portfolio globally diversified and weighted in favor of the strongest industry sectors.? If not then you urgently need this new software. CuteTrader Portfolio Builder/Analyzer makes this tedious but vital trading task very simple ! Now with the aid of this powerful yet easy to use software, anyone can trade a robust properly diversified portfolio, which spans the entire globe.
CuteTrader - Portfolio English 23.3 MB
Take control of your risk today and attain success, through balanced global and sector diversification. You can also import analyze and modify your current portfolio. Includes hundreds of tradable international stocks. Download and update the company data for thousands of stocks absolutely FREE!
The program Digital Indicators Generator is a program implementing synthesis algorithm of digital FIR-filter in accordance with Parks-McGlellan algorythm. Forex stocks technical analysis. By user's choise synthesized filter is automatically arranged into indicator's text on a language of one of three systems of technical analysis: Omega ProSuite, MetaStock, MetaTrader. Trader can easily integrate indicators into other systems. Our Guide to Profitable Forex Day Trading covers nearly everything you need to know about entries, stops and exits. Forex market trading. Imagine being able to wait patiently for the entry setup to form,place the trade and select an exit in advance.Wouldn't it be great?. CharTTool is an advanced stock market charting software that instantly allows you to display several technical charts of stocks, mutual funds or indices. Intraday and end-of-day stock charting is supported. Stock charts charting plot. The list of technical indicators includes Bollinger bands, price channels, moving averages, fast and slow stochastic oscillators, relative strength index, MACD, trading volume and others. Forex Control Center helps you know where you are failing in your trading. Most problems traders have with their trading is that they don't know what they are doing good or bad. Forex Control Center brings the control every trader needs and with an easy use that lets you concentrate just in the information. Forex analysis software signals. Discover the power of Forex Control Center and invest your time on improving all those small mistakes that make you to lose pips. Widdly is a tool for technical analysis charting and financial analysis of stocks, indicies, macroeconomical data, currencies, funds and more. Widdly makes downloading and importing data from any given data source an easier task than ever. Technical analysis ta stocks. Widdly is the first free financial analysis tool with a focus on sharing and collaboration between users. Personal Stock Streamer is an advanced real-time portfolio management system that provides investors with up-to-the-minute securities data, research and analysis capabilities. Realtime streaming charts technical. Features include: real-time streaming quotes; multiple portfolios; real-time portfolio value calculation; streaming and historical charts with technical analysis; advanced alerts; multi-currency support; data exchange support; news headlines; advanced extension system. Pitchlet is the final output of Applied Financial Engineering, which can be distributed through many different channels such as email, public websites, private websites, as a standalone desktop presentation and more. Portfolio optimization efficient frontier. With the innovative techniques, financial professionals will be able to graphically present all investment recommendation, strategies, performance results, and attribution analysis to management, vendors, and clients. Stock market trading and investment advice. Learn how to make money by trading stocks the easy way. Stock market college advice. Stock college trains you to trade stocks right to protect your investments. The Elliott Wave Analyzer software package helps identify patterns within price data. Elliott wave theory trading. When it finds an incomplete pattern, it gives you exact odds, or an exact probability, of where the market is about to move. StockTick 2005 is a free stock market ticker and portfolio manager to securely track your stocks and trades. Real time and international quotes included in stock ticker. Stock ticker free market. See why people are saying it is the best stock quote portfolio tracking software program on the market for the past 9 Years! Full featured with no limitations. Use as long as you like. Register to remove ads, otherwise full version. We designed this program for all traders who would like to maintain as large of a database they may desire - without paying excessive data fees to do so. Download yahoo com csv. DataSharks Downloader can automatically obtain current, and/or historical data on over 35,000 different worldwide symbols - all at no cost to you!. StocksAloud is the great new talking program that helps you manage your investments and business interests by tracking companies for you. Specify stock information to be read aloud for quick updates or full updates as well as listen to related news headlines. Stocks quotes financial business. Stock prices, changes, and trading ranges are updated at specified intervals so you can check easy to read summaries, or relax and listen as StocksAloud reads them to you. StockQuoter is a portfolio manager and downloader for intraday, end of day and historical stock quotes. Download free historical stock, currency, index and mutual fund data from yahoo for your lists of tickers. Portfolio manager finance personal. The generated data is compatible with most charting and technical analysis software. No more monthly charges, start today and get your quotes for free. SLInvest is used to evaluate the financial profitability and efficiency of investment projects. In order to determine how profitable this investment is, the investor has to evaluate its profitability in comparison to other possible investment projects. Irr npv nfv analyze. SLInvest allows you to calculate main financial indicators of investment projects (NPV, NFV, IRR), which makes it possible to choose the most optimal and profitable investment. The Portfolio Optimization model calculates the optimal capital weightings for a basket of investments that gives the highest return for the least risk. The unique design of the model enables it to be applied to either financial instrument or business portfolios. Excel portfolio optimisation management. The ability to apply optimization analysis to a portfolio of businesses represents an excellent framework for driving capital allocation, investment, and divestment decisions. Trading system software. IndicesBuilder allows you to design custom indices using your MetaStock files. The index reflects the average open, high, low, close and volume and allows you to view a chart of it and run tests on it in MetaStock. Custom indices metastock design. So it is very easy for you to partition the stock market into sub groups and track each group movement via the analysis of each groupâs custom made index. There is no limit on the number of stocks that can be added to the index. . The ICS Free Financial Toolbar puts financial search, stock quotes, charts, SEC filings, stock news, and financial audio commentary at your fingertips! It installs in Microsoft Internet Explorer in seconds and includes a free popup blocker, Google and Yahoo Search engines. Free toolbar financial stock. You'll have instant access to the finest charts and stock tools on the web, including quotes, interactive charts, volume actives, market movers, "Whispers," company profiles... Trading software combining technical analysis with neural networks and modern signal processing. A large database for stocks, currencies and indices is available for free. Technical analysis trading software. Features: Pick Winning Stocks, Adaptive Noise Suppression, Neural Network Forecasting, Autoselect Models, Trailing Stop-Loss Indicator, Model Combination, Back Testing, Robust Optimization and Robust Parameters, Portfolio Diversification, Predictability Estimation. OptionsOracle is a free tool for stock options strategy analysis. It is a powerful, tool that allows testing of different options strategies using real-time options and stock- market information. Optionsoracle stock trading tool. The tool provides an easy interface to build a stock and options position, and then test it using graphs and analytic analysis tools. Tool to easily follow the stock market using Point and Figure charts. Point figure portfolio buy. Tool to follow the stock market using Point and Figure charts. Get a full set of updated Point and Figure charts every day in your mailbox and select easily which stock to buy and sell with the new Buy the Winner view. Comes with build in portfolio. 100% Free COM, .NET and XML Web service providing 25+ technical indicators which can be used in the construction of technical trading systems. Moreover, by using this API with our included ADO mediator you will be able to iteratively apply these indicators to historical data stored within a DBMS. Trading systems technical analysis. This product also includes: Client Examples (Delphi for .NET, C#, VB.NET), ADO Mediator, ASP.NET Examples, ASP.NET Examples with synthetic ADO.NET. Parity Plus is one of the most powerful Stock Charting and Technical Analysis Programs available on the market. Parity includes over 50 of the most popular indicators for the technical analysis of stocks and commodities. Technical analysis charting parity. The majority of these indicators act as functions that return an array, which can be used as the input to another indicator or within a user defined formula. This makes it easy for you to do "studies on studies". Smartstock is a stock advising software, first of its kind in India. If you're investing in the stock market (or plan to), you can use Smartstock's personalized buy and sell recommendations to increase your investment profits like never before. India stock chart analysis. And because Smartstock uses a powerful, fully researched asset allocation algorithm, you'll minimize your risk too. . Stock Works is Shareholder/Stock Certificate Tracking Software for the Small Business Corporation. If you track stockholders and stock certificates for the small business corporation and your firm (like most) still enters the stock certificate information on paper or spreadsheets, then take a look at Stock Works. Shareholder tracking stockholder certificate. Tracking stockholders and stock certificates has never been easier. TrendMedium is a trading system for stocks and Forex which works as an add-on for Equis MetaStock. The system is based on revolutionary genetic algorithm to create "open ephemeral models" that describes the current stock movements and performances. Metastock forex equis trading. Walk Forward Test helps to find the best performing models and strategies that will work the same way in real life. The generated models are exported to MetaStock and work like other components do. Sell@Market is an implementation every successful trader's rule of thumb - "cut down you losses and let your profits grow". It is a stock monitoring system based on a widely recognized (volatility) adaptive trailing stop. Stock trading online trailing. Whenever Sell@Market detects that it is high time you started selling your stocks, it sends you an email notifications. Remove emotion from trading - give it a try - you will never regret it!. Historical Quotes Downloader is a software which allows you instantly download intraday and daily historical quotes of stocks, mutual funds and indices traded in US or Canada. Historical stock quotes downloader. It produces data output in a customizable ASCII format which makes it compatible with most spreadsheet and charting / technical analysis software packages like MetaStock, Omega TradeStation, Microsoft Excel and others. NYSE, NASDAQ and AMEX exchanges data is available. Track over 200 stock industry sector groups and over 7000 public companies online. Stock group sectors market. With Stock Sector Monitor you can find daily top leading and losing stocks in each industry stock sector, see quotes, percentage change, volume and other quotes information, print reports, access news, charts, company financial data on the web and create and maintain portfolios.


text:
Telvent's ArcFM, a powerful extension of Esri's ArcGIS platform, is a complete enterprise utility solution for editing, modeling, maintenance, and management of facility and land base information for electric, gas, and water/wastewater utilities. ArcFM takes advantage of an industry-standard architecture and programming environments, an easy-to-use interface, and powerful cartographic tools, giving utilities an optimized solution for the entire organization.
The ArcFM Solution allows utility businesses to make use of a single integrated environment to manage and map multiple assets, leveraging all the power of ArcGIS's object-oriented system. ArcFM fits into the overall information technology vision of modern utilities through the use of open databases, industry-standard programming environments and COM architecture. Its unified strategic platform makes it configurable and easily aligned to multiple processes; its scalable architecture, targeting the full range of utility business needs, can be used for a single departmental installation or as a multi-departmental enterprise configuration for creating, managing, and disseminating utility information.
Source: ESRI.


text:
How to Eat Flushing: A One-Day Food Tour of NYC's Greatest Chinatown
When travelers to New York ask me where to eat, I send them to Flushing. When locals ask me about a new restaurant I'm excited about, the answer's often there. But let's say you have just one day to take a whirlwind tour of the neighborhood. What do you need to try? More


text:
DeMorgenzon Chardonnay Dmz
Sku: 1830131
3 day lead-time required to confirm availability Why?
Bright, old gold. Sweet vanilla and hints of almonds on the front of the nose with clean tropical fruit to follow. Delicate oak support. Rich and full in the mouth with layers of full fruit flavours including apricot and white peach and always the vanilla backing. Spicy, brisk finish will lend to a few more years of bottle development.


text:
August 05, 2015
There are many of benefits to joining the Playbill Club®.
Join Now!
See The Phantom of the Opera and save up to $40!
Click here for details.
Contact Us | Advertise: Rates & Media Kit | Privacy Policy
Send questions and comments to the Webmaster
Copyright © 2015 Playbill, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Free Membership
Exclusive Ticket Discounts


text:
Lodging close to Mozarts Wohnhaus are shown in the list below sorted by distance (closest at the top). Browse our hotels/motels to find accommodations near Mozarts Wohnhaus (in Salzburg Austria) for your leisure or corporate trips.
We sell the best motels and hotels close to Mozarts Wohnhaus so you can review the available Salzburg Austria lodging below and book your ideal hotel. Need a room block for a group? Request a Salzburg Austria group hotel deal
Lodging & Accommodations close to Mozarts Wohnhaus
Next 20 Hotels > [1 - 20 of 25]
Next: Show All Available Mozarts Wohnhaus Hotels with Pricing >


text:
€30,000 guide price for the former Garda station in Kiltealy
The former garda station in Kiltealy will go under the hammer at the end of July.
The former garda station in Kiltealy will go under the hammer at the end of July.
Esther Hayden A returning Enniscorthy emigrant has said serious questions need to be asked of Wexford politicians, past and present, about the lack of development in the town.
Gardai have renewed their appeal for information in respect of a missing Enniscorthy pensioner.
The Neville brothers, owners of the Riverside Park Hotel, have expanded their hotel portfolio with the purchase of the four star Heritage Hotel in Portlaoise. The 110 bedroom hotel currently employs 99 people on a full and part time basis.
The July 1 deadline is just around the corner for students who wish to make changes to their CAO application, To help students make the right choice, Waterford Institute of Technology are hosing three innovative and informative live web Q&A sessions.
Esther Hayden Enniscorthy Youthreach has won the award for 'Overall Winner' at the Irish Cancer Society's X-HALE Youth Awards 2015.
An Enniscorthy-based farmer topped the list of single farm payments for the period October 16 2013 to October 15, 2014, receiving €367,648.88, figures released on Saturday reveal.
Esther Hayden An Enniscorthy man won €2,000 during the Crack the Code game on RTE's The Million Euro Challenge game show recently.
David Tucker Enniscorthy Municipal District has unveiled a memorial seat on Vinegar Hill in memory of the late Labour Cllr Pat Cody, former chairman of Enniscorthy Town Council.
Channing House, Upper Row Street,
Co Wexford
Tel: 053 914 0100
Fax: 053 914 0192
The former garda station...News
A returning Enniscorthy emigrant has said serious...News
The Neville brothers, owners of the Riverside Park...News
Gardai have renewed their appeal for information in...News
Enniscorthy Youthreach has won the award for 'Overall...News
An Enniscorthy-based farmer topped the list of single farm payments for the period October 16 2013 to October 15, 2014, receiving...News
An Enniscorthy man won €2,000 during the Crack...News
Enniscorthy Municipal District has unveiled a memorial seat on Vinegar Hill in memory of...News
The ultra modern sports hub in Enniscorthy will be...News
A number of people...News
Two local groups were dancing to a happy beat...News
Coláiste Bríde in Enniscorthy remains one of the...News
Teenage dog handling star Catherine Broaders is Birmingham bound at the weekend with her...News
It's a goal which has the world talking and it was scored in Wexford, but for Newstalk presenter and Wexford man Ivan Yates, it...Sport
The annual registration evening for players with the Rapparees camogie club has been called for Friday, January 16.Sport
'She was Missus Bellefield - she ate, slept and drank the place.'Sport
Community Alert - We continue to urge everybody to be vigilant and watch out for each other. Any suspicious activity can be...Local Notes
Ladies' football - The club are still looking for people to come on board to manage and help out with some of our underage teams.Local Notes
Sliabh Buidhe Rovers - Sliabh Buidhe Rovers A.C. held its the AGM on Friday 16th January. Officers elected are as follows: Chairman:...Local Notes
Price's Eurospar in Bunclody is among a small group of retailers from around the country that have been honoured at the fourth annual Top of the Tree Retail Awards.
Tips on how to trace relatives who fought in the battles...Lifestyle
Gaelscoil Inis Córthaidh invites everyone to sort out their festive shopping locally at the school's Christmas bazaar. The campus in Drumgoold...Lifestyle
The children of Gaelscoil Charman were delighted to...Lifestyle
Twenty years on and Rathnure pantomime society is as...Out & About
Staff, students and past pupils pulled out all the stops to...Out & About
'Grease' was the word at the Riverside Park hotel as Enniscorthy community...Out & About


text:
Chris Coyier shows you how to build a nice little price starburst using only CSS.
View Post
Join the community as a Design Shack member, and you'll be able to:
Equal parts editor, writer, designer, & photographer. Hit me up on Twitter, read my Mac tutorials or check out my photos.
Made by Compact Creative © 2015
Home / Gallery / Articles / About / Advertising


text:
Photos and Review by Oyster.com Investigators
A rich history and a vibrant nightlife scene define this architecturally awesome hotel.
For nearly 150 years, the tall granite building at 215 Charles Street was known as the Charles Street Jail and housed some of Boston's most heinous criminals. In 2007, after a painstaking restoration that preserved elements of the prison design, it reopened as the Liberty Hotel. The result is stunning, with 298 rooms, a 90-foot-tall atrium, winding catwalks, and high, circular windows that flood the lobby with light.
The hotel has fun with the jail theme. Clink. is the name of the restaurant off the lobby; the walls of Alibi, the lounge downstairs, are hung with celebrity mug shots (Sinatra, Morrison, Nolte); instead of a typical "Do Not Disturb" sign, guests hang a "Solitary" key ring on their doorknobs. In places, the hotel has even kept the jail's iron bars and worked them into the decor. The lobby includes an exhibit that chronicles the building's history and details its restoration.
With it's architectural grace and intriguing backstory, the Liberty seems to aspire to greatness. It's certainly as memorable as any place I've ever stayed, but unfortunately the lackluster rooms and other guest features don't quite live up to the promise of the public spaces. That said, the Liberty is that rare Boston hotel where, during a weekend stay, you could choose not to venture off the property and still have all your needs and wants satisfied. The Liberty's bars and restaurants aren't merely stops for people staying at the hotel, but destinations in their own right, drawing a young and trendy crowd -- but perhaps not so much as the new W Boston downtown.
Adequate service, but nothing spectacular
The Liberty's entrance and vestibule are patrolled by friendly, helpful bellmen, but overall the hotel's service was lacking. Checking in took much longer than it should have, as several front-desk employees tended to guests but did not call for reinforcements or offer apologies as time went on (about 10 minutes) and a line formed. When I eventually did check in, nobody offered to help carry my bags.
In Boston's Beacon Hill neighborhood, next to a large hospital
About two blocks from the Charles River, the Liberty sits on the western edge of Beacon Hill, a gorgeous residential neighborhood full of brick Federal-style homes. A quiet area with hidden gardens and more than 40 antique shops, Beacon Hill is a bit less tourist-focused than much of Boston, even though the nearby Acorn Street claims to be the most photographed street in America, and 84 Beacon Street, formerly known as the Bull & Finch Pub, was the inspiration for the show Cheers.
The hotel, alas, is situated a bit outside the scenic part of the neighborhood. Massachusetts General Hospital dominates the area around the Liberty, and there are busy expressways nearby. Still, it's only a short walk to shopping and restaurants on Charles Street.
A pleasant but lackluster balance of classiness and comfort
The jail theme, so prevalent throughout the hotel's public spaces, doesn't really make it into the rooms (except for the "Solitary" key ring you can hang on your doorknob instead of a "Do Not Disturb" sign). That's probably a good thing -- hotel themes have a way of becoming corny when they're overdone -- but unfortunately the result it just a little boring. The rooms are large and modern (standard rooms around 400 square feet), with a minimalist black, gray, and white color scheme. Still, I couldn't help thinking the Liberty could have had a little more fun with its rooms.
That said, comfortable beds, up-to-date technology, and great bathrooms add up to a cozy and contemporary experience. The furnishings are all high quality, and flourishes like dimmers for the lamps and a martini set on a mahogany tray contribute an air of romance. The minibar includes the usual items (candy, nuts, soda, liquor) but also extras like bloody mary and mojito mixes -- and an intimacy kit from a brand called Booty Parlor.
A small fitness center, large business center and an enclosed courtyard
Unlike many hotels, the Liberty's business center is more than just a shadowy nook. Its two computers, printer, and copier, with free Internet access, are situated in the hotel's two-story conference center with meeting rooms and a lounge.
Not especially family-oriented, but not a bad choice either
There's nothing about the Liberty that's particularly unfriendly toward families or children, but the hotel is better suited for romance than a family getaway -- though some kids will undoubtedly be fascinated by the jail theme and there is a kids' menu at the restaurant.
Especially good for repeat visitors
The hotel allows pets. There's a one-time fee, but once you've paid it you don't have to pay again on future stays. The hotel provides free pet blankets, bowls, and treats.
Very clean
A fastidious staff keeps the Liberty spotless.
With two renowned restaurants, the Liberty is a great hotel for foodies.
The Liberty has two restaurants and three bars. Clink., the restaurant just off the lobby, serves American fare. Boston magazine found that, "After plenty of unsteadiness, Clink has matured into an excellent upscale restaurant with a sure-footed chef." Scampo, under the direction of noted chef and Boston native Lydia Shire, serves contemporary Italian food. The restaurant's name, in a nod to the jail theme, means "escape" in Italian. There's a jail-themed cocktail bar, Alibi, and a lobby bar. The hotel's most recent addition -- Catwalk -- is on the second floor rotunda, overlooking the lobby. It was built on the exact site of the original serving the Charles Stree Jail and serves dinner and cocktails, most of which comes off of Clink's menu. An outdoor seating area -- The Yard -- is also available for private events.
A fun, unique place to attach the ball and chain.
Occupying a former jail, the 298-room Liberty Hotel is truly unique, with a playful design that incorporates the incarceration theme in fun ways. The stunning lobby, comfortable rooms and quality on-site restaurants make this hotel a good choice -- but mediocre service and amenities keep it from being a great one.
Don't Forget to Like Us On Facebook! We Love to Be Liked.


text:
Volleyballs, Systems & Gear
Whether you need a full indoor or outdoor volleyball system to host games or practice, or training tools and blockers to develop your skills, eSportsonline offers a variety of volleyball training equipment and gear to help you trump your competition. Also be sure to check out our selection of rubber, soft and beach volleyballs for training, competition and recreation. With low prices and next day shipping, we are your one stop shop for everything volleyball!
Wallyball -- Net Clamp
Wallyball -- Court Hardware
Official Wallyball® Game Kit
Wall Suction Cups
Wallyball Net


text:
I really like this horse a LOT. He is slipper footed behind... and I expect you will have issues with his feet and keeping shoes on him.. but as he is properly shod and his toes shorten and he builds heels, he will do better.
Often people see a roach back as a bad thing. It is not.. it is a strong conformation and preferable to a weak back that will sway with age. His back may make him a bit stiff, but he will be OK. It is a very short back and that is a good thing, tho he may forge at the trot, especially with those long toes. If he does you will need to see if doing rocker toes in front will help.
That throatlatch, in a Thoroughbred is DESIRABLE. It is wide and allows for better air flow.. and less chance of laryingeal collapse and roaring. It is not a fatty throatlatch at all.. just clean and wide. Just what you want.
His hocks could be a bit lower and he could have more muscle in his gaskins but he is in racing form and he will change with a difference in the work he must do and in the change in diet.
Give this boy a shot at letting down and then put a really solid foundation on him. Take your time because this is one that is worth it. This is a really really nice horse. If you don't like him, send him to me.


text:
Give us a call
Feel free to contact us by phone or e-mail!
1 855 967 3267
Wordans, expert in personalization, offers you the chance to customize your Home and office thanks to custom Poster and Canvas printing in USA.
Posters are timeless! First used to advertise the biggest movies to come out – king-Kong, Modern times, The monster of Frankenstein and so on-, then rapidly posters were used to display icons such as Frank Sinatra, Marilyn Monroe, The power rangers or Britney Spears. From a kid bedroom, to cinemas and from the admirer to the collector, there is no distinction. Posters have the power to remind you of your best moments. That is why Wordans offers you the opportunity to create your own poster that can fit in your home as well as at your work place. Create posters of your favorite landscape, your family, friends or artists using our interface. Our posters and canvases are printed in USA.
Product guarantee
Wordans United-States also provides:


text:
Around Town
Get started with Cappex to compare the Waubonsee Community College weather with your hometown!Create an account now!
I created my own club and having the ability and support system to do so is very fulfilling. Waubonsee also has several cool hangout spots all over campus just to chill out.Read More
they have many events and performers that come to waubonsee.Read More
Hang out in the cafeteria. It's where you meet the most people, other than in classes. Doing a sport, some kind of zumba class, some kind of artistic or music class, going to presentations and shows... the whole nine yards. Take advantage of the opportunities you have.Read More
There are tutors available for free for those that wish to advance their studies. Aside from this, there are sport recreations for those that have the time and energy to partake of them.Read More
Join a play production or join movie makers club or any club!Read More
There are numerous clubs for students to join. The college also offers abundant programs for the community.Read More
The student activities center holds some really cool stuff on occasion, and the various groups will hold some events too. But other then that I just go to the library.Read More
There are plenty of clubs to join, of all kinds. Every semester there's a club fair so that students can see what's available on campus, and any student can start a club, as long as they have an adviser and other students who are interested.Read More
With the many activities, clubs, and organizations available there is always something for fun for all fields of interest.Read More
There are plenty of clubs, organizations and sports teams to join if you're looking for fun. Waubonsee also has events now and then such as student performed concerts/shows, etc. Not only that, but off-campus there's a Metra station not far away from the Aurora Campus that you can take right into Chicago and experience all of the museums, food, and entertainment that downtown has to offer!Read More


text: Learn how to build a stylish gingerbread house without a kit. House & Home staffers Hilary Smyth and Michael Penney use icing, Smarties, pretzels and more to decorate a cute and cosy cottage complete with stained-glass candy windows! (Try Lynda Reeves' favourite gingerbread recipe for the walls and roof.) Happy holidays!


text:
Posted at: 04/07/2013 10:02 AM
Updated at: 04/07/2013 6:24 PM
An Albion man is in guarded condition after he was hit by a car early Sunday morning in Clarkson.
The Monroe County Sheriff's Office tells News10NBC they were called to Lake Road in Clarkson around 3 a.m. Sunday morning. When they arrived they found 22-year-old Matthew Adema had been hit by a driver while crossing the road.
Deputies says the driver told them that Adema walked in front of his vehicle and he had no time to avoid him. Investigators also say they noticed a strong odor of alcohol on Adema's breath.
Adema was transported to Strong Memorial Hospital with multiple injuries, including a head injury. He is currently listed in guarded condition.
Deputies say the driver was not intoxicated and was not ticketed.


text:
Visit Our School
WSA Parents
Garden Breeze
Early Childhood
Lower School
Middle School
High School & Alumni
Specialty Subjects
Early Childhood
Parent/Toddler Program
See Inside
scroll down
for General Information about hours and ages served.
Our Waldorf preschool and kindergartens nurture a sense of wonder and curiosity in the young child, while encouraging reverence and joy for the goodness of life. The warmth and beauty of the classrooms and the mixed age groupings provide an opportunity for children to play and learn in a home-like atmosphere. The 3-year olds (participating in a 4 hour/day program) and the 4-year olds are engaged according to their age and abilities, while imitating the mood, gestures and work of the classroom teachers (and their older friends). The 5 and 6-year olds develop the independence and sense of responsibility necessary to become leaders in the class. In the loving and creative atmosphere of the kindergarten, these young children acquire the confidence and discipline they will need for the challenging academic work of grade school.
The kindergarten experience is rich in storytelling, puppetry, song, poetry, cooking, and artistic activities. Crafts, handwork, games, and regular outdoor play encourage the healthy growth of the child's body. Toys, art materials, and classroom aesthetics emphasize natural, simple materials, encouraging the child's imagination. Through play, each child learns a broad range of cognitive, social, and linguistic skills. As in all Waldorf classes, parents are encouraged to minimize exposure to television, videos, and other media that might hinder the free and harmonious growth of the child.
Capacities children will develop in our program:
• Manners
• Gratitude
• Respect
• Care of others
• Listening skills
• Self-control
• Flexible thinking
• Fine motor skills
• Gross motor skills
• Coordination
• Self-care
• Competence
• Wonder
• Good habits
• Rhythm
• Empathy
• Aesthetic appreciation
• Confidence
• Imagination
• Vocabulary
• Story structure (beginning-middle-end)
• Recitation
• Flexible thinking
• One-on-one correspondence
• Counting
• Sorting
• Planning
• Sequencing
• Observational skills
• Sensory stimulation
• Snack preparation
• Nature walks
• Care of environment
Weekly Rhythm
Daily and weekly rhythms provide a familiar environment and support the children as they move wholeheartedly into play and learning. Each day of the week has its own morning activity. These may include watercolor painting, baking bread and churning butter, handworking (finger knitting, beeswax modeling, sewing, seasonal crafts), housekeeping (waxing, polishing, washing, mending), and making vegetable soup.
General Information
Hours of Operation
DECATUR CAMPUS, 827 Kirk Road, Decatur 30030
3-Day Preschool (Mixed Age) - Applicants must be at least 3 years old by August 1 * of year of entry
3-Day Preschool (Monday-Wednesday, 8:30am - 1pm)
(3 year olds attend for the hours of 9am 1pm)
Full 3-Day Preschool (Monday-Wednesday, 8:30am 3:10pm)
(Only students 4 and older can attend the full-day program; an Extended Day option is available until 6pm)
5-Day Kindergarten (Mixed Age) - Applicants must be at least 3 years old by June 1 * of year of entry
There are generally 17 students in this class with a teacher and assistant.
5-Day Preschool/Kindergarten (8:30am - 1pm)
(3 year olds attend for the hours of 9am 1pm)
Full 5-Day Preschool (8:30am 3:10pm)
(Only students 4 and older can attend the full-day program; an Extended Day option is available until 6pm)
* If your child does not meet the age requirement for enrollment, please contact the Enrollment Director to discuss options that might exist to enroll. All students need to be potty-trained in order to enroll on the Decatur Campus.
There are generally 20 students in this class with a teacher and assistant.
Extended Care is available until 6pm each day.
INMAN PARK EARLY CHILDHOOD CENTER CAMPUS, 1015 Edgewood Avenue, NE, Atlanta 30307
2, 3, 4, or 5-day Nursery and Preschool (Mixed Age) - Appropriate applicants are 2 to younger 5 year olds.
The hours are from 9am 1pm for all students; Extended Day is not available.
This program offers flexibility in enrollment. Participants may enroll for 2, 3, 4 or 5 days a week. During the enrollment process, parents will choose which days they wish to have their child(ren) attend, Monday Friday. Children do
need to be potty-trained to enroll at the Inman Park Early Childhood Center.
There are 10 to 12 students present each day with a teacher and an assistant.
Faculty - Kindergarten Teachers
Sondi Eugene
Sondi Eugene was raised in rural New Jersey. She later moved to Louisiana to attend Grambling State University. Sondi received her Waldorf certificate in early childhood education from Sunbridge College in 2004 and she became certified in the Lifeways Early Childhood and Human Development Program in 2009. Sondi has been teaching at WSA since 2000. She helped develop and now teaches the Afternoon kindergarten class, as well as the Morning Garden Program. Sondi enjoys hiking, bike rides, cooking, crafts, and singing. She has two children, both of whom attended WSA since kindergarten and then the Waldorf high school Academe of the Oaks, before enrolling in college.
Annamay Keeney
Annamay was born in California and raised in Illinois. She attended Blackburn College, a small liberal arts school known for its student work program. She studied in Mexico and worked and traveled in Europe. Annamay received her Waldorf certificate in early childhood education from Sunbridge College in 2002. She and her husband are longtime supporters of The Waldorf School of Atlanta (WSA). She created and led the Morning Garden (parent/child) program for six years, and is in her 17th year teaching kindergarten. Annamay has taught handwork and crafts with children in both public and private settings. She and her husband have three children. Her two sons are both engineers and her daughter is studying BioMed at Lynchburg College. Annamay enjoys singing, sewing, embroidering, hiking, gardening, and laughing with her own children and her "school" children.
Annie Sommerville-Hall
Annie Sommerville-Hall has been teaching preschool/kindergarten at WSA since 1993 and taught in our Morning Garden program for several years. Born in New York, and raised in Atlanta, GA, Annie attended Georgia State University and the Southeastern Center for the Arts. She received her Waldorf certificate in Early Childhood Education from Sunbridge College in 1998. Annie has been a teacher of many subjects, including swimming, art, barn management, horseback riding, and beekeeping. Annie taught art at The Friends School of Atlanta and had a Waldorf playgroup in her home prior to joining WSA as a preschool/kindergarten teacher. Annie has been married more than 30 years, and has two daughters, both of whom have graduated from WSA. Her oldest, one of the first graduates of WSA, received her Masters in Theological Studies at Vanderbilt University. Her youngest, a graduate of Academe of the Oaks, the local Waldorf high school is currently at Brenau University studying for a Masters in Occupational Therapy.
Karen Smith
Karen Smith was born in San Francisco but raised in a small town in southern Mississippi. Having older parents who were of retirement age, Karen spent her summers traveling with her family across the country in an R.V., visiting National Parks throughout the West and Midwest. Karen graduated from Mississippi State University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Art, with an emphasis in graphic design. Prior to joining WSA, Karen worked as an art director at Turner Publishing, designing various kinds of books, including an elaborate display edition of the Bible which incorporated artwork from the MIddle Ages. Although Karen received her Waldorf teaching certificate in Early Childhood Education from Sunbridge College in 2004, she has been a kindergarten teacher at WSA since 2001. In seeking worldwide collegiality, Karen created an international Waldorf Early Childhood teacher discussion group on the Internet. The membership of the group continues to grow with over 500 members from 15 countries. Karen likes to cook, make toys, and work in her garden. Karen's husband is a graphic designer by trade and a guitar builder in his spare time. Their oldest daughter and grandson live in Decatur, and their youngest daughter is a WSA graduate and currently a high school student at Academe of the Oaks.
Emily Tremoureux
Emily Tremoureux was born and raised in Nevada City, California, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains . There she attended a Waldorf school founded by her mother. Emily studied in Denmark for a year before attending Vassar College, where she graduated Summa Cum Laude with a B.A. in Education and Drama. She received her Waldorf teaching certificate and M.Ed. degree from Antioch New England Graduate School. After two years of teaching kindergarten at the Rudolf Steiner School in New York City, Emily became the teacher of the first grade class in 2000 at The Waldorf School of Atlanta and graduated the class eight years later. During this time, she served as the school's Faculty Chair for three years, providing leadership to the faculty and the school community. Emily has two children, and enjoys singing and costume design.
Preschool/Kindergarten Assistants
Emily Chestnut
Ashley du Pont
Carmen Hambrick
Jill Hendrix
Lisa Knight
Heidi Parik
Kelly Pins
WSA is accredited by SAIS, SACS and AWSNA
827 Kirk Road | Decatur, GA 30030 | (404) 377-1315


text:
What if Europe was a multinational company and Greece its troubled subsidiary? Prof. Markus Venzin offers a four-step turnaround plan.» Read More
ROME, May 17- Italy will pay out an extra 2 billion euros to pensioners in August to respect a ruling from the constitutional court which overturned part of a landmark 2012 reform, Prime Minister Matteo Renzi said on Sunday. Last month's ruling by the court has posed a major headache for Renzi's government, which has struggled to keep public finances within the...
*Warns market sentiment could turn on Italy. Italy has not posted a single quarter of growth since the middle of 2011.. The 114- page report on Italy's economy contained a 2015 growth forecast of 0.4 percent, but the OECD's head Angel Gurria told reporters at a presentation that the most recent developments had prompted an upward revision.
Italy is still embroiled in financial crisis — but it isn't severe enough to convince the public that reforms are needed, the ex-prime minister said.
Mario Monti, former Prime Minister of Italy, says his successor, Matteo Renzi, is yet to be truly tested as the head of government.
GE boss is due in Paris on Sunday and is expected to meet France's economy minister as he closes in on a deal to buy the power arm of French engineer Alstom
Napolitano rescued Italy in 2011 by replacing Berlusconi with technocrat Mario Monti. Italy's fate once again depends on the man affectionately known as "King George."
Italy's new Prime Minister Enrico Letta won French backing on Wednesday for calls to spur economic growth alongside budget rigor.
Italian bond yields broke below the 4 percent level on Monday and remain at record lows, but analysts warn the country's borrowing rate is poised on a fragile tipping point, after Prime Minister Enrico Letta's maiden speech divided market opinion.
Italy's new Prime Minister Enrico Letta won his first vote of confidence in parliament on Monday after promising to press for a change to the European Union's focus on austerity.
Italian prime minister-designate Enrico Letta could announce a new government on Saturday and go before parliament to spell out its program early next week, political sources said on Friday.
President Giorgio Napolitano has given Enrico Letta, deputy head of the center-left Democratic Party (PD), a mandate to try to form a new government, according to news wires on Wednesday.
The re-election of Italy's president has raised the prospect of an end to the stalemate that followed the general election, with a move to form a government foreseen within days.
Italy's caretaker government announced on Wednesday it was delaying approval of a decree to pay back some 40 billion euros of state debts to private firms.
A new Italian government is still a long way off and the country may be headed for fresh elections, a senior official of Silvio Berlusconi's center-right party said.
Italian parties reacted skeptically on Friday to center-left leader Pier Luigi Bersani's call for a government backed by all political forces, complicating efforts to end the stalemate left by last month's election.
A dramatic anti-austerity vote leaves Italy lying outside the fortress the European Central Bank constructed around the euro zone last September.
Alberto Mingardi, director general at the Bruno Leoni Institute, tells CNBC that Italians voted against un-credible policy proposals and went for the entertainment.
After an election that left no party with a clear majority, Steve Sedgwick asks what is next for Italy.
Hopes of a victory for a pro-reform Italian government helped fuel a stock market rally and support government bonds on Monday in the final stages of voting in the general election.
Marco Cristofori, head of equity department at Centrobanca talks to CNBC about his two investment scenarios for the outcome of the Italian election.


text:
60 Shouts - 81,356 Scrobbles
Hailing from Montreal, Canada, this 5 piece technical death metal act has been building a solid lineup and working on material for the past three years. They've been relentlessly playing shows all over Ontario/Quebec since summer 2010 and released their debut album AVERSIONIST in March 2012 through Galy Records. The band has also been gaining national as well international presence with the release of their music video for their track Revocation, which features Elliot Desgagnes of Beneath The Massacre.
Read more about Depths of Hatred on Last.fm.
User-contributed text is available under the Creative Commons By-SA License and may also be available under the GNU FDL.
Powered by WordPress.com VIP


text:
Event Details
Purchase with a Purpose - Brockton, MA 5.20.2012
Event Date: Sunday, May, 20th, 2012
On Sunday, May 20th, from 11:00am to 4:00pm, Heights Crossing Assisted Living will host "Purchase with a Purpose". Proceeds from all sales will go to the American Parkinson Disease Association. Incredible raffle opportunities will also be available.
Please click here to view the program flyer, where you can find more information on vendors and location.
|Heights Crossing Assisted Living
|35 Christy Place
|Brockton MA 02301


text:
We promise to deliver quality and value in every Levenger product. If you are not 100% satisfied, please let us know and we'll make it right!
Levenger offers a wide variety of quality furniture for your home or office. From comfortable recliners and reading chairs to bookcases, tables and desks, you can find what you need to enhance your reading and working life.
If you have been looking for sale furniture, you may have found that the only sale items available to you are often not the ones you'd choose. That is never the case with sale furniture from Levenger. We start with only the finest pieces, the ones that you'd be proud to showcase in your home or office. Our sale furniture is that same furniture, only at deeply discounted prices. You can rest assured that sale furniture from Levenger meets the same high quality standards as all of our products.
Crafted in beautiful and solid materials, Levenger's sale furniture is sure to last for years to come and always serves an important function. Some customers need extra storage for their books or specific pieces for an office. We ensure all of our sale furniture meets your high expectations so you can be confident in your purchases. Whether you need a stately showcase piece or are looking for a small accessory for a specific room, sale furniture from Levenger should be the first and last place you look. Check out Levenger's selection of sale furniture and you're sure to find just the right item for just the right price.
© Copyright Levenger Company 2015. All Rights Reserved.


text: Happy 296th Birthday New Orleans! Posted 4:57 PM, May 7, 2014, by Deepak Saini FacebookTwitterRedditPinterestLinkedInEmailPrint × Happy 296th Birthday New Orleans! On Wednesday May 7th, New Orleans celebrates her 296th birthday! Like fine wine, she seems to be getting better with age. News With A Twist reporter Deepak Saini collected congratulations from around the city.


text:
Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at English Lads
EnglishLads membership gets you brand new and exclusive sexy naked young 18-24 yo lads showing off their toned bodies in explicit scenes, sucking, fucking, ass play and cum shots.
Str8 fireman Will shows off his body and his hose!
Pixels: 320X240 | Bitrate: 350K
Pixels: 640X480 | Bitrate: 700K


text:
Below is the poem entitled No Way Out which was written by poet
Rucker. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Rick Rucker
No Way Out
By Rick Rucker
As recently as a year ago,
I knew not, which way to go,
From financial ruin, to likely cancer,
I could not seem to forge an answer,
I went to work, all depressed,
My problems, largely unaddressed,
My problems seemed to overwhelm,
I could not seem to grasp the helm,
Then, out of the Blue,
I decided what I would do,
That rather than "going out," sad, and lonely,
I no longer wanted to be "the only,"
Rather than being alone, at the end,
I would rather share the time left, with a friend,
I thought that my search would be a Quest,
But, I found it one of the best,
Times in my Life,
A Mission, with potential, rife,
From that time on,
The funk, that I had been in, had gone!
Like snagging Victory, from Defeat,
I got a bonus, an Angel, sweet,
While it may seem to be remote,
Those Dragons from my Mind, she smote,
The end of my Life, once forecast,
Was incorrect, it would last,
Far longer than my doctor thought it would,
I decided it was due to my Angel, good,
I knew that I could not let her slip away,
I did not want to go alone, into the Fray,
As she had already changed my Fate,
I beseeched her to become my Mate,
She finally acquiesced,
Rather than see me grovel, she thought it best,
In the course of our Romance,
I found that she is a genius at finance,
I thought that money would be a concern of my heirs,
With a longer lifespan, it again was one of my cares,
I am but a silly Man,
So, she put me on a savings plan,
One that will do what is all the Rage,
To have money, 'til The End, at any age!
So, if you want my prescription for a Life, so fine,
Find an Angel, but you cannot have mine!
Her time is already spoken for,
For the next hundred years, or more!


text:
But when I run the hadoop included wordcount example (dfs version), I see the load getting distributed to all the slaves. What is special about ColumnFamilyInputFormat in Cassandra? Do I need to set any other parameters in hadoop config?
Disclaimer: I am NOT using Brisk distro here. Just installed hadoop on top of a stock cassandra distro (on solaris). Wondering if there is something in the config that might point to this issue? Or do I need to switch over to something like Brisk?
Thanks, Vivek


text:
Impact 400W/s LiteTrek Monolight Kit
- Product Details
Notes: This kit does not include a speedring, however it does include a reflector that accepts standard 7" grids (grids not included). This kit comes with a 1/8-PC sync cable only. Alternatively, you may rent additional Pocket Wizards to trigger this light. Pocket Wizards are not included. A minimum of 2 Pocket Wizards with a 1/8th-1/8th sync cable must be rented to wirelessly fire this kit without using the included 1/8-PC sync cable. This kit comes with a battery pack and can be operated without AC power.Rental includes:
The Impact 400W/s LiteTrek Monolight Kit is ideal for on-the-go, lightweight shooting in areas where AC power is not accessible. The battery will fire this monolight approximately 650 times at the highest setting and up to 3,500 times on the lowest setting. The weight of the head and battery together is under 5lbs. The monolight is able to mount easily to a light stand (light stand not included) via a pivoting mounting bracket and also comes with an attachable pistol grip for hand-held directional lighting. The action-stopping capabilities of this monolight (with flash speeds as high as 1/14000th of a second), makes this kit a great option for outdoor sports shooting. This monolight also features a Multi-Mode which allows for continuous flash firing during a single image exposure for a stroboscopic effect.


text:
(Bone Scintigraphy)
Procedure overview
What is a bone scan?
A bone scan is a specialized radiology procedure used to examine the various bones of the skeleton to identify areas of physical and chemical changes in bone. A bone scan may also be used to follow the progress of treatment of certain conditions.
A bone scan is a type of nuclear radiology procedure. This means that a tiny amount of a radioactive substance is used during the procedure to assist in the examination of the bones. The radioactive substance, called a radionuclide, or tracer, will collect within the bone tissue at spots of abnormal physical and chemical change.
The radionuclide emits a type of radiation, called gamma radiation. The gamma radiation is detected by a scanner, which processes the information into a picture of the bones.
The areas where the radionuclide collects are called "hot spots," and may indicate the presence of conditions such as malignant (cancerous) bone tumors, metastatic bone cancer (cancer which has spread from another site, such as the lungs), bone infections, bone trauma not seen on ordinary X-rays, and other conditions of the bone.
Reasons for the procedure
Bone scans are used primarily to detect the spread of metastatic cancer. Because cancer cells multiply rapidly, they will appear as a hot spot on a bone scan. This is due to the increased bone metabolism and bone repair in the area of the cancer cells. Bone scans may also be used to stage the cancer before and after treatment in order to assess the effectiveness of the treatment.
Other reasons for performing a bone scan procedure may include, but are not limited to, the following:
To assess for bone trauma in situations where ordinary X-rays do not reveal trauma
To detect fractures that are difficult to locate
To determine the age of fractures
To detect and/or assess bone infections (osteomyelitis)
To assess unexplained bone pain
To detect conditions such as arthritis, benign bone tumors, Paget's disease (a bone disorder, usually occurring in people over age 50, in which there is chronic inflammation of the bones, leading to thickening and softening of the bones, and curving of the long bones), and avascular necrosis (death of bone tissue not due to infection)
There may be other reasons for your doctor to recommend a bone scan.
Risks of the procedure
The amount of the radionuclide injected into your vein for the procedure is small enough that there is no need for precautions against radioactive exposure. The injection of the tracer may cause some slight discomfort. Allergic reactions to the tracer are rare, but may occur.
Patients who are allergic to or sensitive to medications, contrast dyes, or latex should notify their doctor.
If you are pregnant or suspect that you may be pregnant, you should notify your health care provider due to the risk of injury to the fetus from a bone scan. If you are lactating, or breastfeeding, you should notify your health care provider due to the risk of contaminating breast milk with the tracer.
There may be other risks depending on your specific medical condition. Be sure to discuss any concerns with your doctor prior to the procedure.
Before the procedure
Your doctor will explain the procedure to you and offer you the opportunity to ask questions that you might have about the procedure.
You may be asked to sign a consent form that gives your permission to do the test. Read the form carefully and ask questions if something is not clear.
Generally, no prior preparation, such as fasting or sedation, is required prior to a bone scan.
Notify the radiologist or technologist if you are allergic to or sensitive to medications, contrast dyes, or iodine.
If you are pregnant or suspect you may be pregnant, you should notify your health care provider.
Based on your medical condition, your doctor may request other specific preparation.
During the procedure
A bone scan may be performed on an outpatient basis or as part of your stay in a hospital. Procedures may vary depending on your condition and your doctor's practices.


text:
Metallica with Cliff....
View Single Post
Senior Member
Join Date: Nov 2011
Location: Upstate NY
Posts: 261
Re: Metallica with Cliff....
I do have to agree, but then listening to the newer stuff that they have recorded with Trujillo, I have to somewhat disagree. Death Magnetic, even though it has the "sound" of the new Metallica, is getting back into the roots of what was once legendary Metallica. The Lou Reed album they did was absolutely horrendous, and was primarily a money making scheme. That failed. Miserably. But I think that the youth has returned, in a way, with Rob Trujillo. He has the energy and the passion in playing the music. I think thats what did it. All of those ups and downs, is what drove Metallica to become what they were during the Load/Reload/StAnger phases. But now that Rob is here, and looks like here to stay, there is a renewed type of energy with these guys. Hopefully itll stick around, unlike Red Bull energy, and will start to get back to their thrash roots, and blow us all away.
Ludwig Element 6 piece. Axis X pedals. Kasza cymbals. I play the crap out of my drums.
View Public Profile
Send a private message to blastbeatkeeper
Find all posts by blastbeatkeeper