text:
A process is described for preparing continuous strand mat which provides for more uniform density of the mat across the width of the surface on which it was prepared by using gaseous fluid directed mat edges to fold loose strands at the edges under the mat and to align the edges of the mat in a substantially straight line. The gaseous fluid, preferably air, is directed at the conveyor surface on which the mat is formed against the flow of the mat on the conveyor and in a downward direction so that portions of the mat at the sides are lifted by the air as the stray strands are folded under to form the straight edge. A further embodiment includes the formation of an edge on a continuous strand mat having an already formed substantially straight edge, during a needle operation to minimize edge waste during needling.
1. In the manufacture of needled continuous strand mat wherein continuous strands in mat form are moved from a conveying surface through a needling zone in which the strands are entangled to provide mechanical bonding to the strands and integrity to the mat of strands by penetrating the mat repeatedly with rows of barbed needles, the improvement comprising moving the side edges of the mat inwardly as they enter the needling zone, confining the side edges so moved as they pass under the first row of needles in a straight line to form a straight edge to the mat on each side of the mat as the first row of needles penetrate the mat across its width thereof, continuing to confine the edges of the mat in a straight line until a few rows of needles have penetrated the mat across its width, releasing the edges of the mat after the first few rows of needles have penetrated it and continuing to needle the mat across its width throughout the remainder of the needling zone.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the needled continuous strand mat is a glass fiber strand mat.
3. The method of claim 1 in which the edges of the mat are treated to provide edges which are substantially straight immediately before the mat enters the needling zone.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,883,333, a process is described for producing a needled glass strand mat in which continuous glass strands are laid down on a moving conveyor from a plurality of feeders which are traversed across the width of the conveyor. The mat after its formation on the conveyor is passed through a needler to impart mechanical integrity to the mat by puncturing the strand mat with a multiplicity of rapidly reciprocating barbed needles. The mat leaving the needling machine is trimmed at its edges to provide a definite width of mat of given density. Mat prepared in the manner shown in this prior art process has found particular utility in the preparation of stampable, fiber glass reinforced, thermoplastic resin sheets.
In the manufacture of continuous glass strand mat as shown in this process, it is found that the edges of the mat laid down on the conveyor tend to be irregular and of lower density than the major surfaces of the mat on the conveyor. In providing a finished mat of a given width having a uniform density, it is ncessary to trim the mat as it leaves the needler, a procedure which reduces the efficiency of the process to a significant degree since the trim represents waste product. The reciprocating needler also contributes to the reduced efficiency of the process since the mat edges are forced outwardly from the mat path of travel as the needler strikes the mat on its downward stroke during its passage through the needling zone. This action in the needling zone causes the edges of the mat to become thinner than the main body of the mat and these edges must be trimmed away from useful, uniform density mat emerging from the needler.
It is an object of the invention to achieve substantial reduction in waste encountered during the production of continuous strand mat.
Another object of the invention is to improve efficiencies in the manufacture of continuous strand mat which is being needled to provide integrity to the mat.
A further object of the invention is to improve the efficiency of continuous glass strand mat making by reducing edge trim in the process exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 3,883,333.
Thus, in accordance with the instant invention, continuous strand mat, particularly unbonded continuous fiber glass strand mat, which has been formed by depositing a plurality of strands on a moving mat forming surface is treated with gaseous fluid at the edges, on both sides of the mat, as it moves on the forming surface. The gaseous fluid is fed on both sides of the mat as it travels on the forming surface by directing the fluid downwardly and inwardly toward the mat forming surface. The flow of the gaseous fluid is preferably directed at the mat edges at right angles to the flow of the mat on the mat forming surface but may be directed in a direction countercurrent to or slightly co-current to the flow of mat on the conveyor. By directing the gaseous fluid toward the edge of the mat on the forming surface on each side and in a direction downwardly and inwardly of the edge of the mat it is found that the mat edge is lifted slightly from the mat forming surface. At the same time that the mat is lifted, it is also found that the low density edges which are generally formed of strand loops and loosely laying strands are folded under the lifted mat at the point where the fluid is raising the mat and a generally, uniform, straight edge is formed on a continuous basis as the edges of the mat pass the point where the gas is striking the mat forming surface at the downward and inward angles.
In a further embodiment of the invention, mat with substantially straight edges is fed to a needling zone and the edges are forced during their passage into the needling zone inwardly until the first row of needles strike it and then are held in a straight line at the edges until the mat has passed at least five rows of needles. By forcing the mat through the first rows of needles in a straight line an edge which is straight is provided and after those edges pass the first five rows of needles, the tendency for the edge to distort as the remaining rows of needles penetrate the mat is substantially reduced so that edge trim of mat removed from the needling zone is held to a minimum.
While the novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims, a more full and complete understanding of the invention will be had by referring to the description of preferred embodiments as set forth herewith and as may be seen in the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevation of a continuous strand mat making line on which continuous strand mat is formed and needled:
FIG. 2 is an isometric schematic view of the mat making line of FIG. 1 looking upstream from the direction of travel of the mat.
FIG. 3 is a schematic, isometric view of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic, isometric view of the bottom plate of the needling device 40 of FIGS. 1 and 3.
Turning to FIG. 1 there is shown a conveyor 1 which is an endless belt driven by a roll 2 over rolls 3 and 4 and around a tracking roll 5. Strands 6, 7, 8, and 9 are shown being projected in a downward direction onto the conveyor 1. These strands are also moving in a direction across the conveyor surface during the mat making operation which will be discussed more fully in connection with FIGS. 2 and 3. While four strands are shown in the drawing, this is for illustrative purposes only, the number can be greater or lesser. Strands in excess of the four shown may be employed and in fact in one commercial application of the instant invention in mat making, applicants have employed as many as twelve of these strand feeders to lay strand down on the mat conveyor 1.
Mat 10, formed by depositing successive layers of strand 6, 7, 8, and 9 on the moving belt 1 is moved in the direction shown by the arrows on the drawing to the needling device 40. During its passage along the conveyor belt 1 to the needling device mat 10 passes the fluid treating jet 20 which is fed through a fluid inlet line 21, to be treated in accordance with the invention to provide a substantially straight edge. This will be more fully described in discussing FIGS. 2 and 3. After passing jet 20, the mat is passed through an oven (not shown) where it is subjected to drying. The mat is then passed between rolls 2 and 13 and is delivered to the surface of chain 14 which is driven over the surface of a drive roll 15 and an idler roll 16.
Mat 10 after passing over the roll 15 on the surface of chain 14 is then fed to the needler 40 which as indicated by the arrows reciprocates in a vertical direction to move the needles 41 in and out of the mat 10 as it travels through the device 40 to mechanically bond by entanglement the strands which make up the mat 10. Drive roll 45 pulls the mat 10 out of the needler 40 for final trimming.
Turning now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the treatment of mat 10 in accordance with the invention will be described in more detail. As shown in FIG. 2, strands 6, 7, 8, and 9, are being traversed across the mat conveyor 1 as the conveyor 1 moves in the direction indicated by the arrows toward the jets 20 and 22. A pair of guide rails 23 and 24 parallel the conveyor chain 1 and are positioned to slope toward the conveyor 1 downwardly toward its surface so that strands at the edges of the conveyor 1 are caught thereon and will fall back toward the conveyor 1 as it moves through the mat forming area. The strands 6, 7, 8, and 9 being laid down on the conveyor 1 are attenuated from either a fiber glass forming bushing or from a glass fiber forming package. In either event the glass strands are attenuated by pulling them from a bushing or a forming package preferably using belt attenuators as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,158,557 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,883,333. As shown in both of these patents the strands are pulled downwardly and they are also traversed across the mat conveyor 1 to provide the requisite width of mat on the conveyor 1 that is desired. Either of the systems can be employed in the present mat making system to lay down the strands 6, 7, 8, and 9. Other type strand lay down systems may also be employed, if desired. Thus, wheel pullers which reciprocate to accomplish traversing of strand across a conveyor such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,616,143, can be used as can staggered pullers from a stationary position such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,855,634. Regardless of the methods utilized to lay down strand to form mat, the edges tend to be light in density compared to the main body of mat formed and as shown in FIG. 2, the edges on both sides of conveyor 1 have many places where irregular patterns of the strands 6, 7, 8, and 9 indicated as 10a can be seen with the strands in some instances riding on the rails 23 and 24 and on the edges of the conveyor 1. As the mat 10 moves forward, it passes the jet devices 20 and 22 located on each side of the conveyor 1. As shown, the jets 20 and 22 are mounted on brackets 25 and 26 respectively. These brackets 25 and 26 are each mounted on plates 27 and 28 respectively. Plate 27 has slots 29 and 30 provided with screws 31 and 32 so that the bracket 25 can be moved forward or backward in relation to the surface of the conveyor 1. Slots 29 and 30 are sufficiently wide so that the plate 27 can be turned to angle the jet 20 on the bracket 25 from the right angle position shown in the drawing with respect to the moving mat 10 to upstream or downstream positions at lesser angles. Plate 28 similarly is provided with slots 33 and 34 and screws 35 and 36 to accomplish the same flexibility with jet 22 in its positioning in relation to the mat conveyor 1 and mat 10. Jet 20 is supplied with a gaseous fluid through line 21 and jet 22 is supplied through a line 37.
The gaseous fluid treatment zone is defined by the gaseous fluid streams which are provided by the jets 20 and 22 on either side of the mat. While they are shown in the drawing to be positioned directly opposite each other, the jets 20 and 22 could be located in a staggered relationship with respect to each other so long as both are positioned beyond the strand feeding area of the mat conveyor 10 so that they treat the edges of a fully formed mat.
As the mat 10 passes the jets 20 and 22 in the gaseous fluid treatment zone, gaseous fluid is directed downwardly and inwardly of the mat edges. The downward and inward flow of gaseous fluid sweeps the unevenly distributed strands 10a lying on the edges of the conveyor 1 and rails 23 and 24 inwardly toward the dense body of the mat indicated as 10b. In addition, the gaseous fluid is directed to the edges of the mat 10 in sufficient quantity and at velocities so that the dense edge 10b of the mat 10 is lifted slightly off of the surface of the conveyor 1. This dual action i.e., the lifting of the edges 10b of mat 10 and the sweeping of strands 10a toward the mat 10 off of the edge of the conveyor 1 and rails 23 and 24 results in the loose strands 10a being swept into the main body of the mat and the edge 10b being folded to provide substantially straight edge 10c to mat 10 as the mat passes by the gaseous treatment zone.
The jets 20 and 22 in operation are directed preferably at an angle normal to the longitudinal axis of the traveling mat 10. In some instances, it may be found desirable to have the jets 20 and 22 pointing slightly upstream of the path of travel of the main mat 10 and it has been also found that the lifting and folding action can also be accomplished by pointing the jets 20 and 22 slightly downstream. The important consideration, however, regardless of the exact positioning of the jets 20 and 22 with respect the the mat edges of mat 10 is that the gaseous fluid projected from them strikes the conveyor 1 and loose strands 10a in such a way that the edges 10b of mat 10 lift slightly from the surface of mat conveyor 1 while the loose strands 10a are swept under the raised mat. When the adjustment is made to provide this action, the folding of the edges in a substantially straight line occurs to provide the edges 10c.
As can be seen, the jets 20 and 22 point downwardly and while the specific angle of downward pitch from a horizontal plane is not critical it will vary depending upon where the dense portion 10b of the mat 10 lies on the conveyor 1, the number and position of the loose strands 10a on the edges of conveyor 1 and the velocity and volume of air passed through nozzles 20 and 22. As a practical matter, the jets 20 and 22 are pointed downwardly so that the gaseous fluid issuing from them strikes the conveyor 1 in a downward and inward direction close to the dense edges 10b thereof or at the point along the mat length at each edge where it is desired to maintain a substantially straight edge on either side. In practice, the fluid is normally impinged on the surface of conveyor 1 within an inch of the location of the portion of the mat where the dense edge 10b is located. It is important, however, in directing the fluid at the mat edge 10b that a substantial portion of the fluid strikes the surface of the conveyor 1 to close the dense portion 10b of the mat to provide for adequate lift so that the loose strands 10a will tuck underneath the lifted area to provide the even fold to mat 10 and provide edges 10c.
In supplying gaseous fluid to the jets 20 and 22 any gas may be employed such as nitrogen, oxygen, air and the like. As a practical matter, air is the preferred gas and is typically fed to the jets from a suitable compressed air source usually in the range of 20 to 80 psig. The conveyor 1 is preferably a metal mesh chain though the solid belt conveyors may also be employed.
Turning to FIG. 3, the mat making line of FIG. 1 is shown in an isometric view to indicate the passage that the mat takes to reach a further edge control element used in making mat which is being needled after it has been formed with a straight edge 10c as provided by the gaseous treatment systems shown most clearly in FIG. 2, above discussed. Thus as shown in FIG. 3, the strands 6, 7, 8, 9, are deposited on conveyor 1 and the strands reciprocate or traverse the width of conveyor 1 as they are deposited thereon while conveyor 1 continuously moves from left to right in a straight path toward the needler 40.
The mat 10 after passing the gaseous treatment zone defined by the jets 20 and 22 is then passed through the rollers 13 and 2 to the chain 14 driven by roller 15 from which it passes to the needler 40.
The mat 10 entering needler 40 has substantially straight edges on either side thereof. The needler 40 as shown more clearly in FIG. 1 is generally comprised of a needle board 42 which carries on its under surface a plurality of needles 41 arranged in rows across the machine, the rows of needles being sufficient in length to insure that the width of the mat 10 passing through the needling area is penetrated throughout its width by the needles 41. A stripper plate 43 is provided above the mat 10 in the needler 40 and is provided with holes 44 through which the needles 41 pass on the downward stroke of the needle board 42. On the upward stroke of needle board 42 the plate 43 assists in stripping fibers from the needles 41 which as shown in the drawing are barbed in either an upward or downward direction or in both directions depending on the desired result of the needling. A bottom plate 46 is also provided and similarly has rows of holes 47 therein to accommodate needles 41 when the needle board 42 is in a downward stroke. This plate, 46 and associated holes 47, like stripper plate 43 and its associated holes assists in removing fibers from needles 41 when the needles 41 are withdrawn from the holes 47. This stripping of the fibers from the needles it will be understood occurs because the mat 10 is being positively pulled by roll 45 through the needler and loose fibers pushed through holes 47 or pulled into holes 44 are dragged with the main mat 10 from the surfaces of the holes as the mat strands pass by them. A trough 48 is provided in the bottom of the needler 40 to catch loose fibers that fall from the needling zone through the bottom plate 46.
It has been found further that if mat provided with the straight edge, in accordance with the embodiment of the invention hereinbefore described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2 is in a relatively dry state i.e., less than two percent moisture therein and is composed of materials such as glass fibers and synthetic organic materials such as nylon, polyesters, and the like in a continuous strand form that further control of the mat edges can be realized if such mat is to be needled. Thus, as shown in FIG. 3 the continuous strand mat with substantially straight edges is fed to the needling machine 40 to provide mechanical integrity to the continuous strands so that the mat can be physically handled after it is removed from the needler 40. To minimize waste of material in a continuous mat form being fed to such a needler, it is important that the material have a fairly straight edge going into the needling machine and that it be provided with a substantially straight edge as it passes through the needling machine to minimize the amount of edge trim necessary to provide finished mat.
In accordance with a further embodiment of this invention, therefore, and referring in particular to FIG. 4, the straight edge mat 10 fed to the needler is provided in a width slightly in excess of the width that is desired in the final product. This mat 10 is passed between two brackets 50 and 51 which are curved slightly towards the entrance of the needler 40 of FIG. 3. Brackets 50 and 51 are mounted on the bottom plate 46 of the needler 40 and as shown in FIG. 4 are mounted in such a manner that they provide a funnel shaped entrance for the mat 10 as it enters the needling machine 40. This funnel shaped entrance is provided by the slightly forwardly inclined planes 50b on bracket 50 and 51b on bracket 51. The mat in its travel along the planes formed by the angled portion 51b and 50b of brackets 51 and 50 respectively has its edges forced onto the surfaces 51a of bracket 51 and 50a of bracket 50 which define the final width desired for the mat passing through the needling zone. The needling zone is the zone defined by the holes 47 of FIG. 4 which as can be readily appreciated are aligned in rows across the width of the mat 10 passing over them. It has been found especially in the utilization of continuous strand mat made out of fiber glass that there is some criticality with respect to the length of the straight portions 51a and 50a that can be employed in controlling the mat width inside of the needling machine. Thus, in the preferred embodiment of the instant invention, the length of the straight elements 51a and 50a of the brackets 51 and 50 respectively are controlled so that they cover approximately five rows of holes and preferably between the first five and eight rows of holes in the needling machine. When side arms 51a and 50a of the brackets 51 and 50 are elongated to encompass more than eight rows of holes in a needle board containing for example, 38 rows it has been found that the holes downstream of the elements 51a and 50a plug up with loose strands formed during the needling operation itself to an undesirable degree causing frequent shutdowns for cleaning. Yet, suprisingly it has been found that in the short distance utilized, i.e., normally the first three to five inches of travel across the needling zone per se that a straight edge mat can be maintained despite the weight of the needle board striking the mat 10 on the downward stroke of the needling operation. Previous to employing the initial guiding system for edge control of mat entering the needling machine, it was found that the weight of the needle board 42 was such in a fiber glass needled mat operation that the straight edge formed in accordance with the the first embodiment of the invention described herein before was distorted by the reciprocation of that board to provide thin edges to the mat during its travel through the needling machine. By recourse to the instant embodiment of the invention, substantially, all of mat fed to the needling machine is utilized as final product because the excessive edge fed to the machine is compressed during passage along the inclined planes formed by elements 51b and 50b. The initial maintenance of a straight, defined edge for the first several rows of the needling machine is sufficient to provide integration of the edges by the first few rows of needles so that the mat travelling through the remaining portion of the needler remains in a straight edge condition. This occurs because the mat has been mechanically bonded throughout its width by the first few rows of needles. The mat emerging from this needler requires little or no edge trimming and in commercial practice has been found to require less than a half an inch edge trim on either side of the finished mat which normally is over 100" in width.
The edge control system of the instant invention has been utilized by the applicants in forming glass fiber continuous strand mat and has contributed in both embodiments to the formation of a needled fiber glass mat with extremely low waste being experienced in trimming light-weight edges from the edges of mat formed in this manner. Thus, in a typical application of the instant invention to provide a needled fiber glass continuous strand mat, glass strands were reciprocated across the surface of a conveyor such as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 & 3. The glass fiber strands were laid down on the mat conveyor 1 at speeds of 1250 ft. per minute and as they traveled to the surface of the conveyor 1 the strands were reciprocated across the conveyor and back in an eight second cycle using a feeding and traversing system similar to that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,883,333. The conveyor 1 was moving continuously toward the needler 40 at a speed of about 9.2 feet per minute. The continuous glass strands fed to the mat surface contained moisture at a level of between 6 to 8 percent by weight. The mat 10 laid down on the mat conveyor 1 had a width prior to reaching the gaseous treatment zone of about 120 inches including the ragged edges of strand formed in placing the strands on the conveyor 1.
The nozzles were placed at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the mat path of travel and were pointed downwardly and inwardly toward the edges of the mat 10 to impinge air from a 60 psig compressed air source on the conveyor 1 on either side thereof to provide a mat width of 102 inches after the strands 10a were swept from the surface of conveyor 1 and mat 10 was lifted to permit folding by the air. The nozzles were pointed downwardly at a 45° angle from horizontal and inwardly toward the edge of the mat on both sides.
As mat 10 passed adjacent to the nozzles 20 and 22, the straight edges 10c were formed by the lifting action of the air on the mat 10 and the folding of the loose strands 10a underneath the lifted mat edges 10b.
The mat 10, with the straight edges 10c provided thereon in the gaseous treatment zone then was dried in an oven, not shown, to a moisture content of between 0.1 to 1 percent prior to entering the needler 40.
The straight edge mat was fed to needler 40 at the entrance thereto provided by brackets 50 and 51. The sloped sections 50b and 51b were sized to accommodate the 102 inch width and the straight section 50a and 51a were sized to reduce this width to 101 inches. The mat 10 passing through the needler was punched with sufficient needles arranged in parallel but staggered rows to provide in the finished mat 170 to 190 penetrations per square inch at a needle board reciprocation of 350 strokes per minute. The mat speed through the needling zone was about 16 feet per minute. The elements 50a and 51a were three inches each in length and bordered the first eight rows of holes 47 of the bottom plate 46.
The mat emerging from the needler 40 was 101 inches wide and was trimmed on each side with a conventional slitter (not shown) to provide a final mat width of 100 inches. As will readily be appreciated by the final trim of one inch from a mat that had a width of 120 inches or more in the forming zone, i.e., the zone where it was fed to the surface of conveyor 1, a minimal loss of material occurred during the mat manufacture.
In the operation of the mat line and needler of FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4, prior to the installation of the instant invention edge trim waste to produce finished mat product was averaging 49 pounds per operating hour. When the invention herein before described was employed to provide the straight edges prior to and during needling mat edge trim waste was reduced dramatically to an average of about 4.3 pounds per operating hour.
The gaseous treatment herein described may be employed on either wet or dry mat. Further while the invention has been described with respect to the formation of needled fiber glass continuous strand mat it can be employed on any continuous strand mat using, for example, continuous strands of synthetic fibers such as nylon, polyester, and the like.
While the continuous strand mats formed in the instant application do not contain any binders on them such as resins sprayed thereon or deposited as solids thereon to provide integrity thereto as commonly practiced in the continuous glass strand mat making art the invention can be employed in mat making operations such as those. For example, it is common practice to deposit resin particles on continuous glass strand mat and to subsequently heat the resins to bond the continuous strands together. In utilizing the instant invention in such an operation, the gaseous treatment should preferably be applied to mat edges prior to bonding the continuous strands to obtain best results. The edge control system used prior to and during the needling of continuous strand mat herein described can of course be employed on either wet or dry mat.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain specific embodiments it is not intended to be so limited except insofar as appears in the accompanying claims.
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August 5, 2015
AUSTIN (AP) - Lieutenant Governor David Dewhurst is questioning claims that Texas bridges are safe after the deadly Minneapolis bridge collapse.
Dewhurst is demanding details about deficient bridges from state transportation officials.
Agency spokesman Mark Cross says the department will comply.
A 2006 report found more than 2,100 Texas bridges had the same "structurally deficient" rating given to the Minnesota span that fell last week.
State officials insist that all 50,000 bridges in Texas are completely safe.
Dewhurst on Friday wrote to Texas Department of Transportation chairman Ric Williamson about his concerns and gave the agency an August 17th deadline.
Dewhurst wants the department to compile a report on: "the number and locations of all structurally deficient bridges, the status of their maintenance contracts and their anticipated date for repair."
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A direct resistance measurement probe for measuring corrosion levels and material loss. The probe includes a hollow body having a resistive element at one end that is exposed to the environment. The probe can have an internal or external power source that is electrically connected to the resistive element. A meter measures the electrical resistance of the resistive element providing data from which corrosion rates may be ascertained. A temperature sensing device measures the temperature of the resistive element. A pressure sensing device measures the pressure of the environment that the resistive element is subjected to. The probe does not use a comparative or ratiometric reference element.
1. A probe for measuring the electrical resistance of a resistive element, for estimating loss of a metal exposed to an environment, comprising:
(a) a sealed hollow body having a first and second end;
(b) a resistive element contained at the first end of the body wherein a surface of the resistive element is exposed to the environment and the resistive element has a similar or identical composition to the exposed metal;
(c) an internal or external power source electrically connected to the resistive element;
(d) a meter for measuring the electrical resistance of the resistive element;
(e) a temperature sensing device for measuring the temperature of the resistive element disposed proximally to the resistive element;
(f) a memory for storing resistance and temperature data;
(g) control means for applying an electric current and potential across the resistive element, receiving the output data of the resistance meter, receiving the output data of the temperature sensing device, and storing said data into the memory wherein the resistance data is associated with the temperature data;
(h) an element carrier at its first end for holding the resistive element in the particular environment;
(i) a probe body releasably attached to the element carrier; and
(j) a carrier plug for insertion into the structure that is being expose to the particular environment at its second end, the carrier plug being fixed to the probe body,
wherein said probe does not use a comparative reference element.
2. The probe of
3. The probe of
4. The probe of
5. The probe of
6. The probe of
7. The probe of
The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring metal loss in industrial process and downhole environments. In particular, the present invention relates to a probe which permits direct measurement of electrical resistance which can provide an estimation of the metal loss at the surface of industrial or process equipment.
In industrial and process environments the corrosion of pipes and vessels poses a major concern. System failure due to corrosion can result in extensive downtime, can result in widespread systemic damage or failure, and can endanger the health and safety of individuals operating the system. Therefore it is beneficial to accurately monitor corrosion and degradation rates to facilitate the replacement or repair of weakened pipes or vessels before structural failure is experienced.
Probes that assess corrosion levels by measuring electrical resistance are well known. Commonly, the probe is comprised of a metal element that is subjected to the corrosive environment inside the pipe or vessel. The element is made from the same material as the pipe or vessel and because it is being subjected to the same environment as the pipe or vessel, corrosion levels on the metal element can be correlated to corrosion levels on the pipe or vessel. The level of corrosion on the metal element is monitored by assessing its electrical resistance and comparing it to the resistance of a reference element, insulated from the corrosive environment. The measurements involve a ratio-metric comparison of the resistivity of the reference element and the exposed element. The metal elements may project into the pipe or vessel, or alternatively they can be inserted such that they are flush with the pipe of vessel wall thereby facilitating the contemporaneous use of cleaning and monitoring equipment pigs.
There are a number of problems associated with the existing probes. The use of ratiometric measurement to compare a corroding element with a reference element is limited in accuracy and resolution. Current probes do not integrate electronics and memory and rely on transmitting readings to an external analysis and storage system by means of cables or wires. The remote nature of the electronics and memory components results in undesired effects that reduce the precision of the readings obtained from the exposed metal element. The remote electronics and memory components increase the complexity and cost of the corrosion detection system and can often be impractical to utilize in the industrial or field setting. Further, with existing probes, integral temperature compensation must be conducted which increases the complexity of accurate data interpretation. This problem is amplified by the introduction of additional thermal effects due to the manufacturing processes utilized. Also the data obtained from current probes is often difficult to read and interpret or reproduce.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a direct resistance measurement corrosion probe that overcomes the existing limitations of the prior art.
The present invention relates to a probe apparatus for measuring the resistance change of a resistive element comprised of a material similar to the equipment subject to metal loss. The present invention integrates sensory electronics and data storage into the probe such that resistance readings are periodically conducted and are either stored in the probe until they are downloaded by the user for offline interpretation and analysis, or alternatively, they are downloaded as real time measurements. Probes of the present invention also include temperature sensors and optional pressure sensors, so that contemporaneous temperature and pressure readings are obtained.
Accordingly, in one aspect of the invention, the invention comprises a probe for measuring the electrical resistance of a resistive element, for estimating loss of a metal exposed to an environment, comprising:
(a) a sealed hollow body having a first and second end;
(b) a resistive element contained at the first end of the body wherein a surface of the resistive element is exposed to the environment and the resistive element has a similar or identical composition to the exposed metal;
(c) an internal or external power source electrically connected to the resistive element;
(d) a meter for measuring the electrical resistance of the resistive element;
(e) a temperature sensing device for measuring the temperature of the resistive element disposed proximally to the resistive element;
(f) a memory for storing resistance and temperature data; and
(g) control means for applying an electric current and potential across the resistive element, receiving the output data of the resistance meter, receiving the output data of the temperature sensing device, and storing said data into the memory wherein the resistance data is associated with the temperature data;
wherein said probe does not use a comparative reference element.
In one embodiment the resistive element is comprised of an electrically conductive metallic element having known dimensions which is compositionally similar or identical to the metal. In one embodiment the probe further comprises a pressure sensor exposed to the environment for measuring the pressure of the particular environment.
In an embodiment, the control means comprises a microchip or a compact electrical circuit comprising a resistance measurement circuit, a temperature measurement circuit, a pressure measurement circuit, which is operatively connected to, or comprises, the memory. In a further embodiment the hollow body comprises, an element carrier at its first end for holding the conductive metal element in the particular environment, a probe body releasably attached to the element carrier and a carrier plug for insertion into the structure that is being exposed to the particular environment at its second end. In another embodiment, the probe body is permanently affixed to the element carrier.
The invention will now be described by means of an exemplary embodiment as shown in the accompanying, simplified, diagrammatic not to scale drawings. In the drawings:
The present invention relates to a probe for monitoring corrosion in a pipe or vessel. The probe directly measures electrical resistivity of an element, which may be correlated to metal loss of the element. For the purposes of the patent application the following words shall the following meanings: The "environment" means either an erosive or corrosive environment that may be causing metal loss of its containing surfaces. In one example, the environment may be the internal cavity of a pipe through which a process fluid or gas travels or a vessel containing fluid or gas. The metal loss may be occurring on the interior pipe walls. In another example, the environment may be the borehole of an oil and gas well; the metal loss may be occurring on the inner surfaces of the well tubing.
The probe (10) may be used in any environment where metal loss is a concern, including oil and gas wells, production and transmission facilities or industrial process settings. Before describing the probe (10) it is pertinent to describe the theoretical basis underlying its use to measure metal loss in an erosive or corrosive environment.
Metallic materials have predictable electrical properties. These properties have a direct relationship with physical dimensions. Application of basic electrical theory allows the electrical resistance of a metallic sample to be estimated as follows:
Equation [1] above determines the electrical resistance (R) as a function of the electrical conductivity (ρ) multiplied by the ratio of the length (L) and average cross sectional area (A). Resistance values typically are in the order of 10–100 milliohms (mΩ). Therefore, through the measurement of electrical resistance, one or more of the physical dimensions of a metallic object can be determined.
Corrosion can be determined by using a conducting element of known dimensions that is exposed on one surface to the corrosive environment. When the element is rectangular in shape, the metal loss on the single surface can be described using the following equation:
Equation [2] shows the determination of the thickness (t) from the resistance (R), which holds true when the length (L) and width (w) of the metallic element remain constant. The logarithmic response of this relationship is non-linear but predictable. Knowing the electrical properties of the element allows the independent variables, length (L) and width (w) to be combined with the electrical conductivity (ρ) and restated as a constant (k) for the sensing device, resulting in equation [3]:
Direct measurement of the resistance (R) allows the metallic element to be used for a life span approaching the complete thickness of the element.
An additional issue relating to the measurement of metal loss is the effect of temperature. All metals experience thermal expansion. This will result in additional changes in the resistivity in a linear fashion as shown in equation [4] below where the length (L) changes by a material specific constant (α) multiplied by the change in temperature (ΔT). This effect alters all three physical properties dimensions and can be compensated for through theoretical calculations, but it is only relevant between two readings where a temperature differential occurs. When the temperature is constant between readings, the thermal effect is nil.
The present invention may now be described having reference to the accompanying Figures. As shown in
The probe (10) has a resistive element (28) located at its first end (36) having one surface of the resistive element (28) being directly exposed to the environment (A). As shown in
The CME (28) may be constructed from a similar or identical metallic material as the instrument that is being monitored, thereby allowing the user to equate metal loss on the CME (28) with metal loss on the instrument. The resistivity of the CME (28) may be measured by electrically exciting the CME (28) with an alternative current square wave signal of a fixed current typically at a frequency between 100 and 300 Hz. In one embodiment, the CME (28) has a starting thickness of 1.27 mm to 1.59 mm (depending on the element configuration) with a minimum detectable resistance change of approximately 3 μΩ, corresponding to a metal loss of approximately 50 pm. This sensitivity provides a significant advantage for the detection of metal loss and permits accurate reading of the CME (28) to degradation levels of up to 90%, thereby providing a high long life expectancy of the probe of up to double existing probes.
The connections to the CME (28) may comprise two conductive paths (not shown) constructed from the same material as the CME (28) that attach to an unexposed surface of the CME (28). The conductive paths may be attached to the CME (28) by any suitable attachment means however, an autogenously welded joint promotes optimal electrical properties. The use of the same material as the CME (28) in the conductive paths, and the use of an autogenous joint eliminates or greatly reduces thermocouple and temperature effects which can impair the accuracy of the probe (10) readings.
The probe (10) has an electrical power source that may be an internal battery (22) as shown in
As shown schematically in
The probe (10) also has a temperature sensing device (30). The temperature sensing device (30) may be a thermocouple, and is preferably disposed immediately adjacent to the unexposed surface of the CME (28). The temperature sensor (30) provides a temperature reading of the CME (28) at the rime that its resistivity is measured. The temperature reading is required if compensation for thermal expansion (or lack thereof) of the CME (28) is to be calculated as discussed above. The probe may also have a pressure sensor (32) that is exposed to the environment in a position proximate to the CME (28). The pressure sensor (32) provides a pressure reading of the environment at the time that the resistivity is of the CME (28) is measured. The pressure level of the environment is a variable that can be accounted for in the metal loss calculations. As shown in
The probe has a memory module (58) for storing resistance, temperature and pressure data. The memory may comprise solid state memory chips as are well known in the art, connected to the measurement modules (52, 53, 54) for recording and storing the resistivity, temperature and pressure readings until such time as this information is offloaded from the probe (10). The memory module (58) may also be configured such that the stored information for each reading also includes information regarding the probe type, the CME type and a time stamp. The probe (10) also has means for downloading information from the memory module (58) to an external data storage and analysis system. As shown in
The probe (10) has a control means for controlling the measurement modules and the memory. The control means may comprise a controller module (56) as shown in
It should be understood that for ease of explanation the various modules have been described as separate units, however the resistance measurement module (52), the temperature measurement module (53) and pressure measurement module (54), the controller module (56), the memory module (58) and the external interface module (60) may comprise circuits contained on a single microchip that is connected to the power source (22), to the sensing devices and to the resistive element (28). The electronics in the probe (10) may be located immediately adjacent to the CME (28) further reducing and eliminating any detrimental thermocouple effects.
In use, a baseline resistance measurement and temperature measurement is taken immediately upon installation of the probe. This reading will be stored in memory and used as a reference point to compare subsequent readings to. The resistance measurements may be converted to a measurement of the thickness of the CME (28), using the formulae detailed above. Temperature adjustments are only necessary if the measurement temperature is different from the baseline temperature used to establish a baseline resistance reading. In
Pressure adjustments are only required when the operating pressure levels equal or exceed the levels required to physically deform the CME. When the pressure of the environment reaches levels such that the CME will physically deform, by either plastic or elastic means, adjustments for pressure are necessary and are undertaken using conventional and accepted practices.
As depicted in
As shown in
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, various modifications, adaptations and variations of the foregoing specific disclosure can be made without departing from the scope of the invention claimed herein. The various features and elements of the described invention may be combined in a manner different from the combinations described or claimed herein, without departing from the scope of the invention.
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Learn how to protect yourself from Internet scams. Read our online fraud prevention tips
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MALTESE PUPS Beautiful Males and Females, Baby Doll Faces. Call: 718-236-2635 OR Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Species: DOG Type: MALTESE
Web Id: 981781
Published in The Star Ledger 8/3. Updated 8/3.
YORKIE PUPPIES Adorable, Toy, Teacup Sizes, Home Raised. Call: 718-259-2295 OR Email: email@example.com Species: DOG Type: YORKIE
Web Id: 981783
Published in The Star Ledger 8/3. Updated 8/3.
Adorable Male English Bulldog mixed with Pug puppies are looking for a loving home! These little pups enjoys lots of belly rubs, love, and affections. Puppies are 11 weeks young, they where given first set of wellness shots they are ready for their new family! PRICE: $399 If interested please give me a call (973) 477-5165 Serious Inquiries! Please No texting or emails. Thank you.
Web Id: NJC14233523
Published on NJ.com 8/2. Updated 8/2.
Black Australian Labradoodle puppies are available both male and female. They are 8 weeks young, first set of wellness shots where given and dewormed. This breed of puppies are loyal, make great companions, and are also great with children! If interested, please give me a call (973)477-5165. PRICE: $499(Serious Inquires Only) Please No Emails or Texting.Thank you!
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AKC LAB Pups, OFA cert . white, cream, to yellow, born 6/15. 4 males & 6 females, taking deposits now, Ready 1st wk in Aug, w/health clearances & 1st shots, Call 973-600-6415 or 973-875-5590
Web Id: 982227
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SHIH-TZU PUPPIES Beautiful Boys & Girls. All Colors & Sizes. Call: 718-236-1515 OR Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Species: DOG Type: SHIH-TZU
Web Id: 981778
Published in The Star Ledger 8/1. Updated 8/3.
AKC Registered. Two year old male, Lilac, medium built, english bulldog available for stud. Produces: blue and chocolate. Puppy deals available to qualify females. Contact info: Ask for Ana or Jose #7322130428 email:firstname.lastname@example.com Type: English Bulldog http://188.8.131.52/ImageLoad/ImageFinal/3319-2-21110826-073015-5.png
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cane corso puppies for sale. please call 732-543-4710.will text you pictures if you like. Species: Dogs Type: cane corso
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German Shepherd Puppies. All European big boned, out of Schutzhund Working Line. AKC Registered, all shots and worming included, parents on site. Must see! Call Bobby 201-230-2285 Species: Dogs Type: German Shepards
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NEW LITTER BORN MAY 19, 2015 New York Boxers has brought happiness and joy with its desirable selection of puppies to people throughout America since 1986. All our puppies are registered and can come with blood line papers (5 generations of ancestry) to support that they are purebred. The puppies have medical records documenting all administered medicines. New York Boxers puppies are always evaluated by a Veterinarian and have a health certificate supporting a clean bill of health. For more peace of mind, I am licensed to work with puppies/dogs by the New York State Department of Agriculture. Let us help guide you in finding the puppy of your dreams. Although still young, I do have other puppies available!!! If you don't see the look you prefer please call...email@example.com you contact me, please let me know you saw my ad on Breeders.net!!!- See more at: http://www.breeders.net/detail.php?id=212982#sthash.Q3rydwm1.dpuf
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|Topic: Wanna Go to Cooperstown
|Buzz Baseball
posted 2/1/12 10:04 PM
Buzz Baseball is a 12u Select Tournament
Team out of Forney/Rockwall area. We are
looking for 2-4 more strong competitive
players to join us on our Travels to All
Star Village in Cooperstown, NY on June
23-June 29, 2012.
This will be a great Experience for
these 12 year olds! They will not only
have a 7 game guaranty, but they will
get to go to the Cooperstown Baseball
Hall of Fame. The players will also be
inducted in the Cooperstown Youth Hall
of Fame and receive a Championship Ring.
We have plans to also do a little Site
Seeing in the Big Apple, NYC.
If interested in joining our Buzz Team
for that Cooperstown Week please let me
know by emailing us at


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Drag Diary #26
As all good gay boys should, it will come as no surprise that we heart RuPaul. You may have noticed we've mentioned her once or twice before. And now, BIG NEWS, she's back (again) with Season 3 of Drag Race.
We won't waste time chatting about this when everything you need to know is just a mouse-click away.
There's an official website crammed with info (and video links that won't play outside the US) but for the time being, lets meet the contestants. *And take some deep calming breaths*


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Welcome to The Angel News Network
We on Earth are birthing into a new, exciting spiritual age which is bringing humankind together into a new world of community, harmony and equality.
Many spiritual messengers from the divine realms are contributing to this new Golden Age: Archangelic Realms, Ascendant Masters, Jeshua, The Mary Energies, Inner Earth Wisdom, and other divine realms.
As Light Workers and Way Showers, Jeff Fasano, Phillip Collins and Joel Anastasi have created the Angel News Network to:
Our goal is to raise human consciousness, as we enter this new age, from a limited understanding of what life on Earth is about to the truth that we are all individual expressions of the Creator. WE ARE ONE.
This journey of rising consciousness is called humankind's ASCENSION.
We are not a religious organization. The information here can be used for your personal development and is intended to help us integrate spiritual sacredness into our lives.
Archangel Michael Speaks:
2015 Outlook
2015 Outlook
|An Angel News Network Message
The Angel News Network Authors and Books
Are you ready to emerge into a new life?
It is time for each of us, if we choose, to begin to live as individual expressions of the Creator.
Our books, training programs and channeled messages capture the teachings of the divine messengers that show us how to fully live our passion and purpose.
They teach us to be vehicles of self-love, to trust that each of us has a divine soul plan, and they invite us to explore the questions:
Who am I? Why am I here? What should I be doing with my life?
These teachings and programs help us discover our gifts, talents and purpose so we may create the life we want and fulfill our spiritual mission.
We wish you to be nurtured by this website. We invite you to read our many channeled messages and browse through the descriptions of our books, training programs and personal services. We are constantly expanding our offerings as new wisdom is received.
Our Gifts
Book Special
The eight ebooks in our library were created to bring universal wisdom from the higher realms to humanity. All the information was communicated directly to our three founders. Click to view.
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Policy and Financial Considerations for Energy from Waste
Thursday 01 November 2012
Stanney Mill Road, Little Stanney, Chester, CH2 4HX
The potential for growth in the UK EfW sector is significant. If new schemes are to be successfully developed and operated, it is essential that those involved have a broad understanding of the waste policy framework within which EfW exists, an in depth knowledge of financial incentives and disincentives, and a grasp of the planning and environmental permitting system. Such an understanding will ensure that new schemes are well conceived, benefits can be accessed and that potential obstacles to progress are identified and dealt with at an early stage.
The second of two one-day courses, this instalment addresses these issues by providing delegates with a thorough grounding in waste policy and financial considerations for EfW schemes, and will include:
- An overview of current waste management policy and practice in the UK
- An overview of key European legislation which impacts on waste management and EfW practices, including the Waste Framework Directive (WFD), Waste Incineration Directive (WID), Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (IPPC), Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (EIA) and Landfill Directive
- An overview of key UK legislation including the Waste Regulations, Permitting Regulations and Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations
- Details of linkages between conversion technologies/feedstocks and financial incentives
- An overview of the of the key financial incentives for EfW schemes including gate fees, Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROCs), Climate Change Levy Exemption Certificates (LECs), Feed in Tariffs (FiTs) and the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI)
- Details of the mechanism behind the Renewables Obligation (RO) and 'banding' for new entrants in the period 2012 - 2017
- Essential evidential requirements for new scheme accreditation with the industry regulator, Ofgem
- A comprehensive review of planning procedures and requirements, with a focus on screening, scoping and preparation of an EIA
- A comprehensive review of environmental permitting procedures and requirements, with a focus on the implementation of WID and IPPC Directive requirements
- An overview of project management and how the various issues discussed during both courses join-up
More information and a registration form can be found here.
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Please join us in welcoming OAA's Director, Mamadou Samba, and meeting our team members. Mingle with DC Government officials, leaders of community organizations, business owners, and members of the African Diaspora. Come share your ideas and suggestions about OAA's #FreshStart.
Please RSVP here
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Ask the DC DMV Director.
Find a pool or spray park near you.


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Here's the link if anyone is interested.
There are still a lot of good teams left. You have to register at the forums and just choose from the remaining teams. Once the league is full we will have a 7 day "trade free" period when cap penalties won't be in effect. After that, it's all by the book. The Madden site is in construction and should be up in a week or two. This is a multiple season league so only join if you can make the commitment and be active. AIM is used for trade talks, the draft, ect. So if you don't have it you can download it for free at www.aim.com . It's not a requirement, but is preferred.
If you have any question's, leave em' here or catch me on aim (calmxbomb).


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Special Reports
- Health Care Reform - Get the latest information and updates on how the health care reform law will affect you.
- Annual Report - Review the most recent and previous years' reports from Blue Cross.
- Solid Value for Kansans - Our 2006 community report detailing our purpose and value to the state.
- The Costs of Health Care - Learn what we are doing and what you can do to help control the costs of health care.


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Mount Vernon Nazarene University
Mount Vernon Nazarene University / Course Descriptions / Management Courses (MAN) / aMAN4053 New Venture Creation [3].
aMAN4053 New Venture Creation [3].
This course examines creativity and the process of entrepreneurship, including the generation of potential business opportunities, evaluation of venture potential, development of a new venture team and an entrepreneurial organization, startup, growth, and harvest strategies for entrepreneurial ventures, and marketing of new ventures.
Prerequisite: MAN2003.
Catalog Links


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Ten Rules of Mosh Pit Etiquette
Dave Watt
4. Respect that not everyone is there for the pit
Recognize who does and does not want to be involved. It should be clear from their proximity to the pit and whether or not it seems to invite them or scare them. There's no shame in not wanting to mosh. Not everyone wants to wake covered in bruises or take multiple heels to the kidneys. Always remember that elbowing someone with and without breasts are entirely different things, height differentials drastically change the individual experience, and some people actually want to watch the show for whatever reason.
3. Try to keep tempo and pace with those around you
If you're not prepared for the quick-footed barrage brought on by a band's driving uptempo sections, wait for the slower, heavier sections where you can draw out the aggression in larger bursts. The pace can rise and fall both with the band's compositions and with the makeup of the pit itself. While sporadic increases in speed and intensity will crop up if an audience knows what's coming, often natural lulls occur as the people catch their breath, slowly realizing getting punched in the lungs while running in circles can be physically tiring. It's best to try to pace yourself according to the flow of the pit as a whole, otherwise it's easy to lose control over your own movement.
2. Don't make it or take it personal
Elbows fly everywhere and aren't intended for anyone in particular. Don't get upset if someone accidentally gets you in the breadbasket or whatever. By the same token, don't target anyone explicitly for whatever reason. This is the joy of fighting other human beings without the unnecessary emotions like anger or loathing.
Dave Watt
1. Respect the venue staff
One of the biggest jobs of the bouncers and venue staff is to keep fights out of their club. If a place is being kind enough to allow some contained acts of violence in the context of slam-dancing, the least you can do is show the staff respect. If they're in the pit with you, it's to keep it safe and make sure there are no injuries. Don't agitate or involve them, and if they remove you from the circle, they have a good reason. Getting pissy about being pulled from crowdsurfing and the like is not necessary. Keep it sane and the staff will likely not bother you. They're just trying to keep everything above board.
The 15 Most Ridiculous Band Promo Photos Ever
This Incredible Make-A-Wish Teenager Went to the Gathering of the Juggalos, Got a Lap Dance (NSFW)
Crotching Whiskey at the Justin Bieber Concert and Getting Thrown Out: A Review
The Top Ten Ways to Piss Off Your Bartender at a Music Venue
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Pieper R, Zhang Q, et al.
Proteomic View of Interactions of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli With the Intestinal Environment in Gnotobiotic Piglets.
PloS One. 2013 Sep 01; 8: e66462.[more]
Deatherage Kaiser BL, Li J, et al.
A Multi-Omic View of Host-Pathogen-Commensal Interplay in Salmonella-Mediated Intestinal Infection.
PloS One. 2013 Sep 01; 8: e67155.[more]
Bertrand EM, Keddis R, et al.
Identity and Mechanisms of Alkane-oxidizing Metalloenzymes from Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vents.
Frontiers in Microbiology. 2013 Sep 01; 4: 109.[more]
Veluchamy A, Lin X, et al.
Insights Into the Role of DNA Methylation in Diatoms by Genome-wide Profiling in Phaeodactylum Tricornutum.
Nature Communications. 2013 Sep 01; 4: 2091.[more]
Yonemoto IT, Matteri CW, et al.
Dual Organism Design Cycle Reveals Small Subunit Substitutions That Improve [NiFe] Hydrogenase Hydrogen Evolution.
Journal of Biological Engineering. 2013 Sep 01; 7: 17.[more]
Petersen DC, Libiger O, et al.
Complex Patterns of Genomic Admixture Within Southern Africa.
PLoS Genetics. 2013 Sep 01; 9: e1003309.[more]
Gottlieb A, Müller HG, et al.
Insular Organization of Gene Space in Grass Genomes.
PloS One. 2013 Sep 01; 8: e54101.[more]
Bahl, J., S. Krauss, D. Kuhnert, M. Fourment, G. Raven, S. P. Pryor, L. J. Niles, A. Danner, D. Walker, I. H. Mendenhall, Y. C. Su, V. G. Dugan, R. A. Halpin, T. B. Stockwell, R. J. Webby, D. E. Wentworth, A. J. Drummond, G. J. Smith, R. G. Webster
Influenza a virus migration and persistence in North American wild birds
2013 Aug 29; 9: e1003570.[more]
Chen RH, Zhao XH, et al.
Serum Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D Are Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetic Adults.
Endocrine. 2013 Aug 28;[more]
Du A, Zhou B, et al.
Reaction-Induced Microsyneresis in Oxide-Based Gels: the Assembly of Hierarchical Microsphere Networks.
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids. 2013 Aug 15;[more]


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Find hotels in Uturoa using the list and search tools below. Search for the cheapest discounted hotel and motel rates in or near Uturoa, French Polynesia for your personal leisure or group travel. Discover the most popular Uturoa hotel rooms. Review the Uturoa hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Uturoa hotels.
Uturoa Hotels/Motels & Accommodations
Next: See My Uturoa Hotels with Pricing >


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TABS Group—a leading technology-enabled analytics firm servicing the consumer-products industry—released the results of its 2014 Beauty Consumer Insights Study Dec. 15 with lots of great news as well as excellent advice for what it calls "specialty beauty stores."
J. Paul Skin Care for Men has launched at Nordstrom a patented 2-in-1 shave/travel accessory that combines a high-quality six-blade disposable razor with a dispenser for J. Paul's flagship product: Glide Shave Cream. The razor is being exclusively offered at Nordstrom on a limited basis, first through its Anniversary Sale, which started July 19, and then at all Nordstrom sites in the fall.
The unique razor product, which stores shave cream in its handle, allows for up to three to four shaves before being discarded.
This multipurpose facial-wash formula saves time by clarifying the skin and softening the beard. It lubricates to prevent irritation and improves the appearance of skin's tone and texture. It is designed to provide a precision shave, and its orange peel essential oil ingredient promotes a relaxed and happy disposition. It also boasts vitamins A, C and E, mushroom extract, amino acids, panthenol and safflower seed oil. Visit www.evolution-man.com.
For the first time ever, there will be an educational session on the U.S. multicultural/ethnic market from African-American perspectives at a Cosmoprof North America. Show organizers and Beauty Store Business are presenting "The U.S. Multicultural/Ethnic Beauty Market: African-American Perspectives" roundtable at CPNA 2013 on Monday, July 15, from 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. in Bella Conference Room #1 at the Mandalay Bay Convention Center in Las Vegas.
Crafted in Solingen, Germany, this razor offers a superior finish and a sharp edge for the closest shave. An exceptional quality piece, it utilizes a 5/8-inch round point. Call 800.323.4252 or visit www.frommonline.com.
Customers can use the set to trim mustaches, beards, eyebrow hair, and nose and ear hair. The high-quality Italian scissors feature extra-sharp blades, precision tips and a smooth action to ensure a clean, even cut. The comb is made in France, and features closely-spaced teeth with rounded tips to smooth and define hair without snagging or scratching skin. Call 800.328.3006 or visit www.dencoultra.com.


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Le Beanock the Indoor Hammock
It's a bean bag, no it's a hammock, well it really is a combination called Le Beanock. Just in case you are still in your less formal stage or own a vacation home, this will look great dangling from your rafters.This Indoor Hammock is a comfortable way to relax and float wether indoors enjoying the air conditioning or outside overlooking you favorite scenery. Available in black or natural, and in two sizes 2×1.75 or 1×1.75 meters.


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Abilene Ruff Riders open with victory
The Abilene-Georgia connection looked pretty good Monday night.
Georgia grad Quincy Carter threw four touchdown passes, two each to former Abilene Christian wideouts Jerale Badon and Chris Morris, to lead the Abilene Ruff Riders to a 39-24 win over the Odessa Roughnecks before 3,982 at the Taylor County Coliseum.
It was the season-opening game for both teams and the first win in Abilene franchise history.
"We did some things good on offense," said Carter, who was 18-of-31 for 235 yards. "Early on we were stalling out a little bit but we came out in the second half and put points on the board."
Carter was 3-of-9 before going 37 yards to Badon for the first touchdown in the Abilene team's history. The Ruff Riders played last year in Katy.
Abilene led 17-16 early in the second half when the Ruff Riders scored three straight touchdowns, two set up by big defensive plays.
"The defense played strong all night," coach Gerald Dockery said. "At halftime, I told them, 'Don't let up. Come out on fire.'"
An interception and a fumble recovery gave Abilene a chance to add to its 24-16 lead and Carter cashed in both times. Suddenly a one-point game was a 36-16 lead for the Riders. Abilene's lead grew to 39-16 on Nich Pertuit's second field goal of the game before Odessa scored its only second-half touchdown with 5:12 to play, but the Riders ran out the clock with their ensuing possession.
Morris caught six passes for 83 years and Badon four for 91. Badon only joined the team seven days earlier.
"We got into a rhythm tonight," he said of catching two TD passes from Carter.
The first was the bomb that Badon caught in stride crossing into the end zone.
"I always have the first one, every season since I've been playing," Badon said.
Abilene took a 17-13 lead at halftime when Carter faked a run into the line and kept around right end with 3 seconds remaining. His body never made it into the end zone but he held the ball ahead of him to break the plane.
Carter was 9-of-18 in the half for 113 yards, including the 37-yarder to Badon. The Riders had the edge in yards, 145-93. For the game, it was 292-154 in favor of Abilene.
The game was slowed by 12 penalties in the half, one that wiped out a Riders touchdown on an interception return by Willis Hogan and another that negated a 25-yard scoring pass by Gile, who was 14-of-24 for 116 yards.
Odessa took the second-half kickoff and cut the Riders' lead to 17-16 on Zeke Arevalo's 19-yard field goal. That score stood for just three plays. Carter went deep to Morris for 22 yards and the Riders began to pull away.
Joey Longoria's interception and a personal foul on the Roughnecks put the ball at the Abilene 24 seconds later and Carter went to Badon again for the TD.
Longoria said the Riders defense stared to play the pass over the middle better. On his interception, linebacker Rico Brooks pressured Gile, who threw high to his receiver.
"The game seemed like it was lagging and something like that happens and everyone jumps up," Longoria said.
Conner fumbled the kickoff and Brandon Henry recovered at midfield for the Riders.
Three plays later, Carter hit Morris crossing left and Morris broke through arm tackles to score and give his team a three-TD lead.
The first Ruff Riders points of franchise history were scored by Pertuit, who hit a 24-yard field goal 10:09 into the season.
The game was marred by an injury to Odessa's Steven Kennedy one play into the second quarter. Kennedy was taken from the field on a stretcher with a right leg injury.
Ruff Riders 39, Roughnecks 24
@z-Agate FB - Score By Quarters:Odessa 6 7 3 8--24
Abilene 3 14 19 3--39
First Quarter
ABI- Nich Pertuit 24 FG 4:51
ODE-Jimmy Conner recovers fumble in end zone (kick failed) 0:37
Second Quarter
ABI Jerale Badon 37 pass from Quincy Carter (Pertuit kick) 14:06
ODE Tony Taylor 1 pass from Dennis Gile (Zeke Arevalo kick) 11:39
ABI-Carter 3 run (Pertuit kick) 0:03
Third Quarter
ODE-Arevalo 19 FG 9:00
ABI Chris Morris 22 pass from Carter (Pertuit kick) 7:01
ABI-Badon 26 pass from Carter (kick failed) 4:56
ABI-Morris 12 pass from Carter (kick failed) 2:33
Fourth Quarter
ABI Pertuit 23 FG 8:11
ODE Torrey Day 3 pass from Gile (Eric Taylor pass from Gile) 5
Key stat
0 Turnovers by the Ruff Riders; Odessa had three, two in the second half that led to Abilene scores.
Key number
1 The jersey number of quarterback Quincy Carter, who threw four touchdown passes in his IFL debut, and the number of wins in Abilene franchise history.
Key play
Joey Longoria's third-quarter interception allowed Abilene to march to a touchdown that gave the Rough Riders a two-score lead (30-16).
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World Cafe
3:18 pm
Fri November 15, 2013
Jimmy Webb On World Cafe
By editor
Singer-songwriter and composer Jimmy Webb appears on this special episode of World Cafe, as our Sense of Place: Toronto series continues. The multifaceted musician has written hits for the likes of The Supremes, Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, Art Garfunkel, Linda Ronstadt and Barbra Streisand.
At 21, Webb collected eight Grammy Awards for writing The 5th Dimension's major pop hit "Up, Up, and Away" and Glen Campbell's "By the Time I Get to Phoenix." Here, Webb discusses how he was inspired to write his award-winning songs — and he performs a six-song set that opens with a tune from his new album, Still Within the Sound of My Voice.
Copyright 2013 WXPN-FM. To see more, visit http://www.xpn.org/.


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Spring is upon us, which for men around the house means only one thing: report for duty. There are endless chores to tackle. But there are two types of men who do chores. There are the earnest and effective, those stalwarts who stand as pillars of responsibility. And then there are the rest of us.
You know "us"--the pitiful ones who, instead of mowing the lawn, would rather lay on a day bed with a cold compress pressed to our foreheads. Well, if you want to join our number in repose, here's advice. But be forewarned: you deviate from this advice at your own peril. (And it's been proven effective by some of the least effective men in Westchester and Fairfield counties.)
- Feign injury. It's an old standard, but harder than it sounds to pull off. Gravitate to vague untreatable injuries, but avoid the usual body locations, such as backs (that could arouse suspicion that we're faking it, and suspicion is the unseen enemy of our collective effort to take a load off). Envision a less traveled portion of the body, like necks -- or a faddish diagnosis, though avoid restless leg syndrome, which sounds like just the sort of antic activity we are doing our best to shirk.
- Make your kids do it, but it's not that simple. Passing the buck in a self-evident and contrived fashion ("Do this so I can sit on a vinyl lawn chair") is fated to backfire. It's transparent and, trust me, will be seen as such. But selling the passing of chores as a social engineering project, a way to raise children who exercise more than their video game thumb, works. Fobbing work off on the under-aged? Unseemly and ineffective. But working toward the greater societal good is a can't-miss.
- Dial down your effort at any turn. This is easier said than done. We're a self-consumed society, forever obsessed with our aptitudes and accomplishments. But listen up, buddy: if you want to avoid a springtime spent digging holes for daffodils, you've got to drop that world-beater pose. Remember: a body in motion is asked to stay in motion, but a body at rest—well, who wants to wake the dead?
Please take what I say seriously. From The New York Times to this website, I've written extensively on this timeless topic of shirking housework.
It's simply long been an area of interest and exploration. Everyone has his life's work. Mine seems to be avoiding it.
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« Exit photo gallery
This week in photos, 3/30
Photos from the week of March 25 through March 30.
Rick Santorum bowled a turkey
Saturday the Republican visited famed Lambeau Field, home to the Green Bay Packers — despite the fact he's a Pittsburgh Steelers fan — touted his 14 for 14 shots at a Louisiana gun range on Friday and bowled a "turkey," or three strikes in a row at a Sheboygan bowling alley. Full story here: http://politi.co/GOsCFh (Photo: AP Photo | Date: Mar. 30, 2012)
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text: The Ricochet wiki last edited by turoksonofstone on 04/17/13 05:37AM View full history Origin Rikki Shaefer Rikki ran away from home after an argument about displaying her powers. She began stealing to support herself and befriended Barbaric. The two were captured and sent to the Mutate Manpower Management Service. After learning the institute was using mind control and that Doctor Vulger had no intentions of rehabilitating superhuman prisoners, Rikki and several others escaped. Finding their way to Chicago, Rikki and several others were recruited by Savage Dragon to serve in the CPD. Due to her age, Rikki could not officially serve. She followed Barbaric and the others when they left the department to work on their own as Freak Force. She and Barbaric married and had a daughter. Powers Abilities Rikki is able to "bounce" off most surfaces without injury to herself. Her natural resistance is backed up by a specially designed costume.


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Video:How to Fix a Gas Furnace: Furnace Blower Does Not Turn Offwith Erick Noack
If the blower in your gas furnace won't turn off, it can cause major problems with your home heating system. Here's a video with instructions for fixing a gas furnace where the blower won't turn off.See Transcript
Transcript:How to Fix a Gas Furnace: Furnace Blower Does Not Turn Off
Hi, my name is Erick Noack. I'm an HVAC technician for ABC Plumbing, Heating, Cooling, and Electric. And we're here for About.com. Today I'm going to show you what to look for if the blower motor won't shut off on your gas-fired furnace.
Thermostat Affects Blower in Gas Furnace
So some of the things that you might look for if the furnace fan is running continuously, first of all is the switch on the thermostat. The first thing that you want to check is the fan switch on the thermostat. In this case, it's up here in the display and it says "auto." Now, "auto" means that the fan should only be running to try to heat or cool the home to try to match the thermostat setting. If you see the thermostat fan switch set to "on," or in this case "low," "medium," or "high," then you're going to have continuous fan operation.
Check Filter
Next thing that's important to look at is your filter. If you find a severely clogged filter, it may have caused damage to the limit switch. What the limit switch does is it senses the temperature inside the furnace. If it sees a temperature that's too high, then it shuts off the fire as a safety and only will allow it to come back on once it's cooled sufficiently. If the filter has been clogged for too long, then it may have damaged that switch to the point where it needs to be replaced. In this case, the furnace high limit is a small button type device that's got two wires connected to it. Every furnace is a little bit different. Some of them have more than one limit, and some of the limits look very different. If that limit switch is failed, it's very important to find the source of why it failed and not just replace the switch. It's a very important safety issue. It's best to have an experienced, qualified technician check that out.
How a Filter Affects the Blower in a Gas Furnace
If a filter becomes too clogged, what happens is it restricts the air flow through the furnace, so the furnace is working too hard to move the heat away from the furnace. In some cases, the furnace fan will run continuously until that safety switch closes again. That's an indication that the furnace has overheated, and it needs to be taken care of. When you remove that filter, if it's a disposable filter and pieces tear off of it, they can get caught in the blower wheel. And that can throw that wheel out of balance and make a lot of noise. It's important that a homeowner is aware of the way his system is supposed to operate when everything is normal. So that way when things do change, you can be aware of it and call for service before it becomes a bigger problem. The other important thing is to check and change your filters frequently. This is going to help reduce your energy costs, reduce potential damage to the furnace, and also help to keep the air in your house cleaner.
Thanks for watching. To learn more, visit us on the web at About.com.


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Let's talk Lunch!
Wednesday, 29 October 2014 11:44
Julie McMahon, CHHC Sound Nutrition (612) - 270 - 9344
Let's face it, we are all busy people! We run around all day from the moment we wake up. The key to feeding yourself right is to have a plan....otherwise when the afternoon munchies arrive you will want to grab anything that's handy. Don't get stuck in the "fast food" trap, instead let's talk about having some good ideas, that are quick, convenient and ready to grab.
Read more...
Rare blood cancer has higher incidence in African-Americans
Wednesday, 29 October 2014 11:28
Kathy Gram and Kimberly Alexander
Although it is a rare blood cancer, Multiple Myeloma is an aggressive and rapidly progressive illness that causes certain white blood cells, normally responsible for combating illnesses, to be overproduced. This proliferation of abnormal cells is known as myeloma cells, and can lead to the growth of tumors that may potentially spread to multiple sites in the body.
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Ebola drug safety tests raise ethical issues as NY Times commends Cuba
Wednesday, 29 October 2014 11:24
Oct. 20 (GIN) – Can you test a promising new Ebola drug by giving it to one sample infected group and giving a deactivated placebo to another?
That's the issue dividing medical experts at a World Health Organization meeting this week in Geneva.
Read more...
How breast cancer targets African American women: The importance of screening and what you should know
Wednesday, 29 October 2014 10:27
Dr. Avanti Mehrotra, Medical director of North Memorial's Humphrey Cancer Center
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among African American women and the leading cause of cancer death for African American women aged 45 to 64 years. According to a report from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), breast cancer death rate for women aged 45--64 years was 60% higher for African American women than white women.
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Sweden's environmental leadership
Tuesday, 28 October 2014 15:23
EarthTalk® E - The Environmental Magazine
Dear EarthTalk
: I recently heard that Sweden is the greenest country in the world. Is this true and, if so, by what standards? And where does the U.S. rank?
-- Raul Swain, New York, NY
It's true that Sweden came out on top in the recently released ranking of 60 countries according to sustainability by consulting firm Dual Citizen Inc. in its fourth annual Global Green Economy Index (GGEI). Norway, Costa Rica, Germany and Denmark rounded out the top five. The rankings take into account a wide range of economic indicators and datasets regarding leadership on climate change, encouragement of efficiency sectors, market facilitation and investing in green technology and sustainability, and management of ecosystems and natural capital.
Read more...
It's time for The Plan!
Wednesday, 22 October 2014 11:54
Julie McMahon, CHHC Sound Nutrition LLC (612) 270–9344
The last two weeks I wrote about getting hydrated and dumping the excess sugar in your diet.
This week we are starting to focus on THE PLAN, or what to eat for breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks. When thinking about breakfast it's really important to make sure that you are starting your day with enough protein to give you steady energy and focus. The biggest mistake I see is when people have sugary cereals or juices or too many carbs without protein at the beginning of the day.
Read more...
Toss the sugar...Now we're getting serious!
Wednesday, 22 October 2014 11:50
Julie McMahon, CHHC Sound Nutrition (612) 270–9344
Last week I wrote about getting hydrated! Are you drinking your water? Remember the best time to grab a glass of water is right away when you wake up. Starting this habit will help you to realize when you are thirsty throughout the day!
Read more...
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Toronto, ON (Sports Network) - Luol Deng hit a jumper with 3.3 seconds to play in overtime as Chicago escaped Toronto with a 107-105 victory on Wednesday.
Deng finished the game with 19 points, seven assists and six rebounds while Carlos Boozer had a game-high 36 points with 12 rebounds for the Bulls, who have won three of four.
Alan Anderson had 27 points and five boards while Kyle Lowry gave 26 points, seven assists and five rebounds for the Raptors, who have dropped their past three games.
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NORTHRIDGE, Calif. --- The Cal State Northridge women's tennis team (5-3) defeated CSU Bakersfield 7-0 in a non-conference match in Bakersfield Saturday afternoon. In sweeping the Roadrunners, the Matadors did not lose a single set and lost only two games out of 26 competed in doubles play.
Playing the first of two road matches on consecutive days, CSUN set an early tone with a solid showing in doubles play. Jennifer Sher and Sabrina Man-Son-Hing improved to 5-2 at the No. 1 draw with an 8-0 shutout. Nigora Sirojiddinova and Anna Yang duplicated the shutout at the No. 2 draw and Maria Pistalu and Lorraine Cheung posted an 8-2 decision at the third draw.
In singles action, the Matadors continued to overpower the Roadrunners and did not lose a single set in six matches. Sher lost only one game in her top-seeded victory. Sirojiddinova lost only three games in her second seeded contest and Pistalu won 6-4 and 6-1 in the third draw.
In the bottom half of the draw, Yang won 6-4 and 6-1 at No. 4. Cheung lost only one game in her fifth-seeded match and Amber Walker, who improved to 2-0, duplicated that effort by dropping only game in her sixth-seeded contest.
Sirojiddinova has now won five-straight singles contests. Northridge returns to action Sunday, Mar. 7 with a contest at Fresno State.
Singles competition
1. Jennifer Sher (CSUN) def. Veronica Dimas (CSUB) 6-1, 6-0
2. Nigora Sirojiddinova (CSUN) def. Daniela Dimas (CSUB) 6-3, 6-0
3. Maria Pistalu (CSUN) def. Julian Mannix (CSUB) 6-4, 6-1
4. Anna Yang (CSUN) def. Nelli Buiuklianova (CSUB) 6-4, 6-1
5. Lorianie Cheung (CSUN) def. Nancy Ramirez (CSUB) 6-0, 6-1
6. Amber Walker (CSUN) def. Charlotte Hughes (CSUB) 6-1, 6-0
Doubles competition
1. Jennifer Sher/Sabrina Man-Son-Hing (CSUN) def. Veronica Dimas/Nelli Buiuklianova (CSUB) 8-0
2. Anna Yang/Nigora Sirojiddinova (CSUN) def. Julian Mannix/Daniela Dimas (CSUB) 8-0
3. Maria Pistalu/Lorianie Cheung (CSUN) def. Nancy Ramirez/Charlotte Hughes (CSUB) 8-2


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The lead story today at Jewish Ideas Daily is "Covering the Bases," by Michael Arkush–a report on the February 27 "Night of Jewish Baseball" at the American Jewish Historical Society. At the event, Jane Leavy, author of the highly acclaimed biography of Sandy Koufax, spoke about Koufax as a player and a person, calling him "not just the greatest left-handed pitcher I ever saw" but "the greatest mensch I've ever met in my life." Arkush noted that:
[T]here is no doubt his decision not to pitch in the opening game of the 1965 World Series against the Minnesota Twins because it fell on Yom Kippur has had a profound, and lasting, impact on Jews in this country. "It was OK to stand up and say, 'I am a Jew,' and Jews don't work on Yom Kippur," Leavy said.
Because the pennant races and High Holidays frequently occur during the World Series, the Series have not infrequently presented moral dilemmas for the star Jewish players involved in them. See Baseball and Redemption for the stories involving Hank Greenberg (the Detroit Tigers slugger who sat out Yom Kippur in 1934 during their pennant race), Ron Blomberg (The Sundown Kid), and Shawn Green (who faced the dilemma three times). In the case of Koufax, it is less remembered what happened after he decided not to play in the first game:
Koufax attended synagogue in Minnesota instead of pitching in Game 1 of the '65 Series against the Twins. Don Drysdale pitched that day and gave up seven runs in 2 2-3 innings. When manager Walter Alston came out to pull him from the game, Drysdale cracked, "I bet right now you wish I was Jewish, too."
The Dodgers had won the National League pennant by one game, with a 12-game winning streak at the end of the season, during which Koufax pitched five times in 15 days. He had won four times (with three shutouts), including 13 strikeouts in the pennant-winning game. After he sat out the first game of the 1965 World Series, the Dodgers lost it 8-2. Koufax returned and pitched Game 2–and lost. Then he won Game 5, and then he returned for the deciding Game 7–and pitched a three-hit shutout, giving the Dodgers the Series.
The list of baseball mensches would be incomplete without a lesser-known player: Adam Greenberg, 5' 9", who grew up in a religious family and went to the University of North Carolina to play baseball. After three years in the minors, he became the lead-off hitter for the Chicago Cubs. In 2005, in his first major league at-bat, on the first pitch–with his parents and family watching proudly in the stands–he was hit in the head by a fastball traveling more than 90 miles an hour. He crumpled at the plate in front of the stunned crowd. His season was over, and he never returned to the Cubs.
His next major league at-bat did not occur until seven years later. The story of his return is told in this remarkable short video; if you watch it, you will understand why he belongs on the mensch list with the above baseball greats.
As we approach another baseball season–the season of new beginnings and second chances, leading eventually to the challenges of the fall–it is good to be reminded of the stories of baseball players who taught us lessons only mensches can teach, by example.


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Hotels in 95611 - Citrus Heights CA
Only hotels in 95611 zip code are listed below. Search for cheap and discount hotel rates in Citrus Heights, CA for your upcoming leisure or conference / group travel. We list the best 95611 hotels and motels so you can review the Citrus Heights hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. Hotels in Sacramento county and area code 916 are also listed.
95611 Hotels, Motels & Accommodations
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The State Honor Roll of Asthma and Allergy Policies for schools, www.StateHonorRoll.org, is an annual research project of the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA), sponsored by Mylan Specialty, L.P., to help identify states with the most comprehensive and preferred statewide public policies supporting people with asthma, food allergies, anaphylaxis and related allergic diseases in U.S. elementary, middle and high schools. The goal of this report is to identify state-level progress towards better school-based policies, and to provide a blueprint for advocates nationwide.Get Involved! Review the report, find out where your state stands on policies protecting people with asthma and allergies, see the links to resources below, and take action today!
Eight states and the District of Columbia are named to AAFA's Honor Roll this year. Congratulations to: Connecticut, the District of Columbia, Massachusetts, Mississippi (new), New Jersey, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington and West Virginia (new). Click on the interactive map and the additional resource links below for detailed reports for all 50 states and DC, comprehensive reports for the Honor Roll states, study methodology and more.


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MORE than 100,000 smallholder farmers in Tanzania will benefit after yesterday's announcement of US$4.25 million (about 6bn/-) in projects to strengthen agricultural productivity in the country.
The funding from the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) aims to improve incomes, productivity and access to markets for farmers in the southern highlands covered by the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT) initiative.
Availability of quality seed and inputs as well as poor market access and difficulty securing finance are major inhibitors to agricultural productivity in Tanzania and most of sub-Sahara Africa.
The Netherlands Development Organization (SNV), Rural Urban Development Initiative (RUDI), Women in Social Entrepreneurship (WISE) and Dunduliza Network of Savings And Credit Co-operatives (SACCOs) have worked together to design a series of three year projects to directly tackle these issues.
To enhance farmers' access to improved seed and inputs, the project will facilitate the training of agro-dealers to increase their knowledge and confidence on the improved technologies.
The project will also link agro-dealers and farmers to micro-financiers to make these improved technologies more accessible.
The use of better inputs go hand in hand with improved management practices, and through the project over 90,000 farmers will be trained on practices such as Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM).
ISFM can increase cereal crops yield by up to 300 per cent and legume crop yields by 100 per cent, and involves the use of the strategic use of fertilizers combined with organic soil enhancers. farmers use fertilizers efficiently and in combination with organic soil ameliorating inputs.
To ensure gains made from improved seed and management are not lost when trying to sell the produce, the projects will result in providing farmers with training in post-harvest loss management, access to storage facilities and access to structured markets for rice, maize, beans and soybeans.
AGRA Tanzania Country Head, Dr Mary Mgonja, says the grants announced aim to improve productivity from seeds to access to markets.
"These grants take into consideration the whole value chain: from ensuring farmers have access to improved seeds and other inputs, training in the best soil management practices and output markets which, pay a fair price for their harvests," Dr Mgonja said.
In welcoming AGRA's annoucement, Deputy Permanent Secretary Ministry for Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, Engineer Raphael Daluti said investments such as what was being announcing today, complements existing investments and initiatives occurring in Tanzania.
"This announcement builds on the work we are doing to secure the country's food supply, in our initiatives such as the Agricultural Sector Development Programme (ASDP) and our Input Subsidy Programme," he said.
"But it also adds to the work occurring through SAGCOT, which is helping us achieve a food secure Tanzania," he said. AGRA's Director for Market Access Programme (MAP), Mrs Anne Mbaabu, said the funding will help ensure continued agricultural growth in Tanzania.
The funding will go to projects in several districts in the southern highlands regions of Tanzania, including Ifakara, Kilombero, Kilolo, Kyela, Ludewa, Mbarali, Mbeya, Mbozi, Momba, Namtumbo, Songea and Sumbawanga.


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This outdoor LED pendant light is a smart choice in style and energy-efficiency. The look is simple with a frosted glass cylinder surrounded by a handsome black finish steel frame. Eighteen long-life, super bright LEDs rest within the cylinder, offering added light and security to your outdoor spaces. From the Warburton collection of traditional lantern-style outdoor lighting. From John Timberland®.
John Timberland™ creates beautiful contemporary lighting for today's modern home decor styles. Inspired by cutting-edge European designs, the artisans of John Timberland™ use superior quality materials and techniques to create some of the finest lighting products imaginable. If your home deserves the very best in contemporary lighting, then it deserves John Timberland™.
Shipping and Delivery Information - For item EUX1960 if ordered by 1 pm Pacific Time


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The ASUS Transformer Prime promises to be one helluva quad-core tablet, but it won't depart from the original's main selling point: an optional keyboard dock that "transforms" the tablet into a quasi-laptop. The look of the new keyboard dock hasn't quite yet been revealed, with its only appearance coming on-stage at the slate's AsiaD unveiling. Spy shots of the new dock appeared on a Chinese site. The images were quickly pulled, but the guys over at Netbook Italia managed to snag them before they disappeared from the web. The dock gets a slightly new look, favoring a silver casing with black keys (Macbook, anyone?).
We also get a better look at the design of the Transformer Prime itself. Quite shiny with a brushed aluminum look. ASUS plans to give us the full reveal of the device in the coming weeks.
[via NetbookItalia | Thanks, lau]
Continue reading:
- ASUS said to be working up Android 4.2 update
- Transformer Prime Jelly Bean update now avail
- ASUS Transformer Prime gets port of Open WebO
- Jelly Bean now arriving for ASUS Transformer
TAGS: Asus Transformer Prime