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Design Ideas for Your Cabin Path or Walkway
Replace your existing walkways of dirt or worn routes through the grass with an outdoor walkway that's good for the sole
By Fran Sigurdsson
Published: April 1, 2005
Photo by Victoria Pearson/picturearts/firstlight.ca
When you're at the cabin, do you beat a path for the great outdoors? Whether you're headed for the lake, the backwoods or just the barbeque, you follow a walkway of some kind to get there. Maybe you're so intent on the destination that you don't notice what's underfoot. And that's okay. A path is first and foremost a route of travel.
But the well-heeled path does more than provide access. A good walkway is as pleasing to the eye as it is to the sole.
The right design and materials complement your cabin's architecture and anchor it in its setting. Paths are visual cues that show you how to interpret and enter into the landscape, says Vermont landscape designer and author Gordon Hayward. It doesn't matter if your lot is one-third of an acre or 400 acres. Paths orient the walker and connect the cabin with features on the property.
Photo by Dreamstime.com
Looking forward to summer, imagine friends are staying at the cabin for the first time. They wake early, eager to explore the surroundings. Will they find the right-of-way to the lake, the doe run edged with wild blueberries, the best vantage points for photos?
Think of walkways as outdoor "hallways" linking functional, outdoor rooms: a dining area with table and grill; a space for entertaining with seating and a firepit; a play zone for the kids; a quiet oasis – perhaps with a hot tub or water feature – for relaxing and reading.
Not sure where to begin? Hayward suggests ambling the length and breadth of your property. (Bring a folding chair to decide where to place a bench.) Once you've identified the best spots for walkways, rank them in importance. Primary paths typically lead from the driveway to the front door and from the back door into the yard. Secondary paths meander from primary ones to the side of the cabin and around to the back, or perhaps from the deck to the garden. Tertiary paths veer off from secondary paths to, say, a gazebo overlooking the creek, a berry patch in the woods, or even the compost pile.
Use your hierarchy to decide on walkway width and materials. Primary paths in frequent usage should be welcoming, wide – 3 to 6 feet – and direct. (Why lug gear any farther from the car than you have to?) Make them easy to walk on and as even as possible so users don't need to, literally, watch their step. Stone offers good traction and can be set firmly in place; stay away from gravel and crushed stone that will inevitably be tracked inside. However, loose materials are a good choice for narrower secondary or tertiary paths. These ribbon paths – allow 2 feet for a secondary, a foot or 18 inches for a tertiary – slow the pace to a stroll.
The flowing, rounded corners of the flagstone walkway complement the setting. Leave the straight routes to city sidewalks.
Photo by Roger Wade/Sisson Company
"We have been building walkways for many years and the most common request from our customers is they want it to look natural and inviting," says Joe Dover, president of Georgia-based Classic Pool and Landscape. "The lakeside or mountain homeowners prefer flagstone generally, but sometimes they want pavers. We recommend flagstone for most walkways because it simply looks great in any setting."
Follow the lay of the land to determine how a path should unfold. Straight paths are easiest to build and navigate. But meandering paths invite a walker to slow down and enjoy the surroundings.
Rounded corners are more in keeping with a country place than the right angles of city sidewalks; they also reduce the temptation to blaze shortcuts. But sometimes the site necessitates a zigzag approach. Are there boulders or a pond to skirt? Wind the path around them. Curving paths are intriguing, especially when a tree partially obscures the view ahead. Dover strongly suggests curves to his customers. "Curves in a walkway give character and a natural look and feel."
Is your cabin on a hillside? Tame a steep slope with retaining walls, terraces and steps.
When possible, create a loop so people don't have to backtrack. Because if they pass your blueberry patch twice, they may eat all your berries, leaving you with none for pie. And wouldn't that be a shame?
Wood chips, pine needles, or dirt are fine surfaces for secondary or tertiary walkways.
Photo by Cabin Life, Cabin Living
Materials . . .
For materials, there's a vast array from which to choose. Try to visualize how different textures will look, feel, sound and wear. For a seamless transition from indoors to outdoors, consider running indoor flooring – tile, terra cotta, wood, stone – right over the threshold. Or use the same or similar materials on the cabin's exterior. (Just make sure the materials are appropriate for your climate. Where the ground freezes, terra cotta will crumble, concrete may crack, slate will be slippery. In hot summer areas, tile may absorb too much heat.)
A small property looks more cohesive when all walkways have the same surface. If your lot is big, vary materials to match the setting and add interest. For example, fieldstone leading from the cabin door can morph to crushed stone as it passes by a rock outcropping, then segue to pine needles through a woodland. Incorporate a second material to signal a transition ahead.
Here are our picks for cabin-worthy paths:
When is grass an inviting walkway and not just "lawn"? When it meanders between flowerbeds and leads you to a stairway among the trees.
Photo by Tim Street-Porter/picturearts/firstlight.ca
lasts forever and is maintenance free. Types vary by region, including limestone, sandstone, bluestone and granite. Keep in mind that indigenous stone will blend into your site better than imported. And it will cost less too.
Flagstone. Flat stone of random shape and thickness, it is ideal for a rustic retreat. It makes a beautiful stepping stone path when large stones are laid down single file or a patchwork carpet when stones are fitted together like a jigsaw puzzle. (The wider the gaps between stones, the more casual the effect.) You may be able to unearth enough stone on your own property; quarried stone yields a cleaner, less weathered look. Flagstone can follow the contours of the landscape, enabling you to extend the path around a nearby tree or swing it around a boulder. Note: Stones with concave surfaces will collect water or ice.
Crushed stone and gravel. Makes flexible, colorful walkways that crunch underfoot. Vary the grade and texture from fine to rough to suit the mood and destination of the path. Offers good traction on slopes; needs little maintenance if laid 3 to 4 inches deep. Note: Requires edging to prevent migrating into surrounding areas; may require weeding.
Cut stone. Flat, uniform squares or rectangles measuring up to 4 square feet – looks formal when fitted closely together. But stone slabs can make an informal stepping stone path when staggered across grass or gravel. Combined with small fieldstones, they create a Zen garden effect. The predictable size and shape make planning easy. Note: Cut stone is relatively expensive; slabs are heavy to lay; may crack in harsh winter zones.
River rock. Smooth from tumbling and water erosion, ranges from 3/8-inch pea stone to 10 inches in diameter. These rounded stones are not as easy to step on as flat surfaces. Set larger rocks in a bed of crushed gravel or use as edging; confine smaller pebbles to decorative insets or mosaics set in concrete.
A wood walkway can link multi-level decks.
Photo by John de Visser
is soft and cool to bare feet. Best for secondary paths not subject to heavy traffic, it's inexpensive and fluid in shape. Grass walkways can flow around island flowerbeds and between beds and borders before merging back into the lawn. Or weave a green path through a meadow for a "little house on the prairie" effect. Most grasses do best in full sun; red fescue fares well in partial shade. Note: The dew will soak your sneakers; grass requires watering, mowing and, perhaps, edging. As always, be careful not to fertilize if your grass walkway is near the lake.
is warm and well suited to both coastal cottages and woodland retreats. It can link multi-level decks with the yard, span a creek, or serve as a boardwalk through dunes or marshes. Use only pressure-treated lumber for outdoors. Stain it, if you prefer, or for a natural look, choose lumber treated with colorless preservatives. Concrete block footings reduce the risk of rot. Note: Weather can have a dulling effect. Slippery when wet; in shady areas, you may need to scrub regularly to keep it free of moss and algae.
make a rustic, earthy walkway that's best in shade. Before you tote home bags from a garden center, check if your town or county offers free mulch for the carting. Lumber mills are another good source of bulk mulch. Note: Needs replenishing as it decomposes.
are a natural for a woodland path. Don't let them kill your lawn – rake 'em up and toss on top of bark mulch for a springy path. Note: Slippery on slopes.
paths remind us of childhood days at the cabin. Nothing wrong with trodden earth for racing down to the lake or over to the neighbor's. Just rake or tamp crushed gravel onto the dirt to prevent mud puddles. Note: Dirt can be, well … dirty; erosion can be a problem on slopes.
It is especially critical to provide drainage when laying a walkway on a slope, like this fieldstone path. Excavate to about a foot and backfill with six inches of 1-inch gravel. If drainage is a major concern, add drain tile.
Photo by Roger Wade/Original Lincoln Logs
For some pathway materials you'll need to lay a foundation. Climate, terrain and drainage also dictate whether a foundation is needed. A flagstone path can be laid directly on dirt or sand. But a foundation of crushed gravel will improve drainage. If you live in the northern half of the country, a foundation is helpful to keep a path level and to resist heaving in winter.
To lay a crushed gravel foundation, first pound stakes into the ground and tie strings between them to determine the width and length of the path. If you're laying cut stone or fieldstone, Vermont landscape designer and author Gordon Hayward recommends excavating to about a foot and backfilling with six inches of 1-inch gravel. (If you're cursed with especially poor drainage, add a perforated four-inch drain tile.) Rake the crushed stone level, then cover with landscape cloth. Next, add 2 inches of finely crushed gravel. Top with 2 to 4 inches of sand, depending on the thickness of the surface material. (Ask for crusher dust; it holds small fieldstone in place better than sand.)
On the other hand, a path of crushed stone or gravel should be laid on a 3- to 4-inch base of coarser stone. Add drain tile if necessary. The final path should be about one inch below the grade of the surrounding surface.
For a path of bark mulch, spread the mulch directly on the ground if the soil drains freely, or fill a 3- or 4-inch trench. If the soil is slow-draining, excavate 6 to 8 inches, backfill with 4 inches of gravel, and lay the mulch on top. Pine needle paths will stay springy if they're laid over bark mulch (which retains moisture).
Photo by Evan Sklar/picturearts/firstlight.ca
Landscaping can further define a walkway and create a pleasant atmosphere for those who use it. Some tips:
• Walkways can suggest places for trees, shrubs, and flowers.
• A tree along a path provides shade and a natural place for seating.
• Hedges on either side will enclose a path or screen undesirable views.
• Match plants to the landscape: Irises, lamb's ears, catmint, hostas and ferns soften hard edges of paths in northern climes; mesquite, sage, cacti and juniper echo the canyons and deserts of the Southwest.
• Tuck moss, serpentine thyme, chamomile, ajuga or other low growing plants in gaps between stones.
• Stage containers of annuals or kitchen herbs at the corners.
• If a path borders wetlands, a buffer of native grasses and reeds will look natural and provide shelter for native waterfowl.
• Arbors, arches, gateways and trellises can enhance the walkway, serve as points of entry into a garden, or frame a view.
Photo by Dreamstime.com
If a path is going to be used regularly at night, it should be lit. Inexpensive, easily installed 12-volt fixtures will suffice, but improvements in solar technology make sun-powered lighting an attractive option too. (For winter in northern climates, though, short days and a covering of snow can render solar lights near the ground useless). Place a variety of soft lights along or around the walkway to show the way, including:
Bollard or post-shaped lamps to cast 180- or 360-degree light.
• Hanging lamps for tree branches, gazebo roofs or trellises.
Deck lights that mount on wooden posts or steps.
Well lights that mount in the ground and light trees and structures from underneath.
Shielded spotlights to illuminate a specific area.
The best fixtures also are focal points during the day – a Japanese lantern, a pagoda, a curved metal flower with leaves – and beacons for romantic evening promenades.
Whatever your lighting choice, select shielded lights so you don't interfere with your star gazing or ruin your neighbor's romantic evening. Ask your lighting store salesperson for lights that limit light pollution.
Related Issues
April 2005
Related Articles
Building a Paver Patio
Stone Tile Outdoor Use
Beautify Your Deck
Light Your Patio, Deck & Pathways
In-ground Fire Pits
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KCU offers nine student fellowships each summer from June 1 to July 31. Find out more about fellowship requirements as well as other funding opportunities for students.
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|Econo Lodge Middleboro properties are provided below. Search for cheap and discount Econo Lodge hotel prices in Middleboro, MA for your personal or business trip. We list the best Econo Lodge Middleboro hotels/lodging so you can review the Middleboro Econo Lodge hotel list below to find the perfect place.
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text: Quoting Ewing, Timothy K. (Timothy_(_dot_)_Ewing_(_at_)_celera_(_dot_)_com): > > -----Original Message----- > > From: Chuck Yerkes <chuck+obsd_(_at_)_2003_(_dot_)_snew_(_dot_)_com> > > Quoting Paul Herman (pherman_(_at_)_frenchfries_(_dot_)_net): > > > BACKGROUND > > > ========== > > > The Open Source Tripwire originally supported only Linux. A few > > > > So my running it on SunOS 4 (before Linux existed) was an illusion? > > I've moved forward with aide. > Is it possible that you were using the Academic 1.3.1 version? It's likely that I was using the only version there was before a commercial attempt was made at Tripwire - before Linux was out there (Linux didn't have a network stack for quite some time - until 0.8, afaik). We'd generate the checksum file, PGP sign it and copy it off. periodically the sig would be verified and then the tripwire check would run. Since the checksum and binaries lived on disks that were PINNED read-only, we weren't too concerned about it (or pgp) being altered. We took precautions against it anyhow. Belt. Suspenders. Little man holding up pants.


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← Liz Smith: Warren Beatty: These Days He Just Says NO!
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DURHAM, N.H. – Junior Morgan Thatcher (Brockton, Mass.) and freshman Tori Forrest (Powder Springs, Ga.) registered 16 kills apiece, but the University of New Hampshire volleyball team fell at Albany, 3-1, for its first America East loss of the season Friday night at University Gymnasium.
New Hampshire (12-9, 4-1) snapped a seven-match winning streak, while Albany improved to 8-11 overall and remains perfect in conference play with a 5-0 record. Set scores in the match were 25-16, 20-25, 22-25 and 20-25.
Forrest also racked up 12 digs to earn her second double-double of the season, while freshman Brenna Buckwalter (Evergreen, Colo.) reached double-figures with 10 kills. Senior Jansan Falcusan led all players with 49 assists, while senior Jessie Schnepp (East Longmeadow, Mass.) and sophomore Sam Henke racked up 29 and 24 digs, respectively. Junior Destiny Tolliver (Rochester, Mich.) added a match-high seven blocks defensively.
UNH jumped put to an 8-5 lead to open the first set and then rattled off six straight to move out in front, 14-5. The Wildcats were in control throughout the remainder of the stanza, totaling 15 kills for a .351 hitting percentage en route to a 25-16 victory for the 1-0 lead.
The Great Danes bounced back in the second set as the home side broke away from a slim 6-5 lead with four consecutive points for the 10-5 advantage. After Albany stretched its lead to nine at 20-11, the Wildcats trimmed the deficit to four on three occasions, but could not get closer as the Great Danes held on for the 25-20 win.
The teams were evenly matched at 14-14 in the third set before the Great Danes netted four straight to take the lead at 18-14. UNH would not back down and pulled within two, 23-21, on back-to-back kills by Forrest, but the home side captured the set at 25-22 for the 2-1 advantage.
In the fourth set, Albany padded a slim 11-10 lead with three straight for the 14-10 advantage. Facing a 17-12 deficit, UNH rattled off four consecutive points to pull within one at 17-16. However, UNH could not even the score, as the Great Danes went on to capture the set at 25-20 to seal the victory.
The Wildcats return to action on Saturday, Oct. 13 when they visit Hartford at 6 p.m.


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Rabbit Health Resources
This page contains an index of articles and information about specific health conditions found outside of the House Rabbit Society...read more
Gastrointestinal Stasis: The S...
It's an all too familiar story. "My bunny stopped eating, and then she just died." When we ask for details, we often...read more
Alternative Therapies to Treat...
Introduction Alternative therapies can be very useful in treating rabbits for many acute and chronic conditions. The modalities work...read more
Liver (Hepatic) Disease in Rab...
This article discusses two of the more common liver diseases in rabbits: hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver) and toxic liver damage. Some...read more
Disorders of the Cecum
The healthy functioning of the cecum is critical to the overall health of a rabbit. Gaining an understanding of how this large organ...read more
Intermittent Soft Cecotropes i...
*Please note that it will be helpful to the understanding of this disease if you first read the Care of Rabbits handout in order to...read more
Ileus in Domestic Rabbits
An excellent article on ileus (stasis) by Dana Krempels, Mary Cotter and Gil Stanzione may be found...read more
Natural Nutrition I: The Impor...
For years, I have agonized over what to feed the dogs and cats in our family. Researching and analyzing "premium,"...read more
Eliminating Problems
I am writing for advice and ideas regarding our beautiful 4-year-old female Dutch rabbit named Chi (She is spayed). The veterinarian...read more
Soft Stools
Last September, the day before the due date of my son, our rabbit stopped eating and going to the bathroom. Luckily, we had time...read more


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UT Border Experts Series
Mon, July 19, 2010
July 19 - Cecilia Balli, Anthropology, CMAS, LLILAS
The series, called "Border Voices", will feature faculty experts talking about issues related to immigration reform, border violence and the new Arizona law. We will release three short videos from a different faculty member each week through the November elections. As public debate rages over border and immigration issues, we hope the series can help add some civility and context to a discussion too often marked by vitriol. And we hope to make the faculty available to media covering the issues.
Mexican manhood and border violence
by Christopher Palmer and Christina Murrey
Published: July 19
In this first installment of the "Border Views" video series, Anthropology Professor Cecilia Balli discusses the new models of Mexican manhood and how they contribute to violence.
Balli studies U.S.-Mexican borderlands, gender and violence, and Latino expressive culture. She is an award-winning journalist with Texas Monthly magazine and is working on a nonfiction book about the murder of young women in Juárez.
Watch two more videos with Professor Balli from the first installment of "Border Views":
Video 1: Balli discusses the forces that have brought immigration, violence and enforcement issues to a head this year.
Video 2: Balli discusses how the U.S. and Mexican governments are united — but also divided — over immigration and border enforcement.
About the video series
As Americans continue to debate immigration reform, border enforcement and Arizona's recent legislation, experts from The University of Texas at Austin are offering their viewpoints on these issues through a series of online videos.
Each week, "Border Views" will showcase a different faculty member discussing such topics as the history of illegal immigration, the pros and cons of the Arizona law, the unusual political alliances that have developed around this debate and the media's role in covering it.


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One person, two faiths
Americans have become accustomed to picking and choosing among religious traditions and practices. But some have taken religious pluralism in a deeper and more radical direction.
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Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center
League of American Bicyclists
Canada's Safety Council
Recreational Safety
Government of Canada
Bicycle related injuries. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Disponible en:
. Actualizado noviembre 2006. Accedido septiembre 4, 2008.
Bicycle safety is no accident. US Consumer Product Safety Commission. Disponible en:
. Accedido septiembre 4, 2008.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
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SCAPA Bluegrass, a new school to the KGHS program during 2013-14, submitted this graph as part of their first Improvement Project documentation.
Students at West Hardin MS participated in the Health and Safety Improvement Project at their school.
Students from Virginia Chance School in Louisville earned the KGHS Banner for completing at least six categories in the program.
KEEC launched a Teacher of the Year award during 2012-13. Kelly Scott (right) of Pikeville HS received the first award, pictured here with KEEC Chair and photographer W. Horace Brown, and Executive Director Elizabeth Schmitz.
Empowering students to create healthier, safer, and more environmentally sustainable schools, and communities
Kentucky Green & Healthy Schools (KGHS) is a project-based and student-centered program that empowers students and school staff to move their school toward becoming safer, healthier, and more environmentally sustainable. This inquiry-based program uses the entire school building and grounds as a learning laboratory for students. All grade levels of any public or private schools are invited to join KGHS! To participate, visit Join KGHS.
Through this program, a team of students, teachers, and school administrators (a "Green Team") work together to improve the school facilities in nine different categories. For more information on the different categories of investigation, visit the Program Overview.
By making improvements on campus, students can help the school save energy costs, decrease absenteeism, increase student test scores, and create a more sustainable learning environment.
Schools are recognized for their efforts through awards and attendance at the annual KGHS Summit.
New KGHS Project Form
US Department of Education seeks Green Ribbon Schools Applicants
The Kentucky Environmental Education Council and the Kentucky Department of Education urge all Kentucky Green and Healthy Schools to consider applying for this honor. Application will be available soon at the KY GRS page.


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Catalogue Number: 728-6762
An adult will need to sign for this item.
- Relieve tired, aching & heavy legs & feet
- Alleviates discomfort in the lower legs
- Help maintain leg vein health
Buy on Tesco Direct from:
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Product Details
Using muscle stimulation to activate the muscles in your feet and lower leg, the Revitive Circulation leg therapy leg vein health circulation booster helps to relieve tired, aching legs and feet. Helping to maintain leg vein health, it can increase circulation, reduce swollen feet and ankles and reduce discomfort in the lower legs.
Use the Circulation leg therapy for 30 minutes a day while sitting at a desk or watching TV to leave your legs looking and feeling re-energised.
The Revitive Circulation leg therapy vein health circulation booster is not suitable for use if you are in the earlier stages of pregnancy, by persons fitted with a pacemaker or AICD, or being treated for an existing deep vein thrombosis.
Product specifications
Product specifications
Key Information
|Foot spa
|Manufacturer Warranty Period
|24 months
Additional Information
|What"s in the Box
|Revitive Lv Circuation Booster
|Product Height
|3.2 Centimetre
|Product Width
|35.0 Centimetre
|Product Depth
|35.0 Centimetre
|Product Weight
|1.75 Kilogram


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Posted at: 02/15/2013 10:38 PM
Updated at: 02/15/2013 11:33 PM
University of Rochester men's basketball tops Carnegie Mellon 81-77. John DiBartolomeo scored 38 points and is now fourth all-time in Yellow Jacket scoring. With the win The U of R (21-2) clinches at least a share of the UAA title.
University of Rochester women's basketball tops Carnegie Mellon 72-67. Ally Zywicki scored a career high 24 points. The U of R is now 10-2 in the UAA.


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|The first manual covers the Prontor S, SV, and SVS shutters.
|The second manual is a supplement to the first.
|The seventh manual in the series covers the Prontor Press used in the MP4 and CU5.
POLAROID PACK FILM CAMERAS AND ACCESSORIES - A blog about Polaroid modifications, projects and items of interest to keep the movement alive. Long live INSTANT FILM.
|The first manual covers the Prontor S, SV, and SVS shutters.
|The second manual is a supplement to the first.
|The seventh manual in the series covers the Prontor Press used in the MP4 and CU5.
|Photo by Robert Whitaker
|Photo by Robert Whitaker
|Photo by Robert Whitaker
|Stanley Kubrick, Polaroid, 2001: A Space Odyssey.
|Stacks of 108 packs
|Rows and rows of beautiful 108
|These do not show up that often for pack film, but plenty show up for roll film.
|Simple enough instructions.
|No self-adhesive needed, the picture fits snugly and will not fall out.
|You can see the goo build up. Not the worse I've seen.
|The before cleaning picture.
|Pulling the spring up and down will release it.
|Remove this roller first.
|To remove the second roller just push in the arm to release it.
|Rollers completely removed for easy cleaning.
|let the rollers soak in warm soapy water while you clean the camera.
|Use cotton swabs dipped in the soapy water to clean.
|Get all that goop out of those crevices.
|Rollers wiped clean and dry.
|Start with the roller with the raised ends and put back in the arms.
|Insert the arms back in one side first the other second.
|You will have to push in the second arm slightly to snap it back into place.
|Place the other roller back into position start with the other end and this end will snap back in. Look how clean they are, this is the after picture.
|Insert the springs back into position. Notice the tab in the middle of the spring.
|Note the position on the open end of spring. On the top end you will see a tab that will sit on top (not below) the spring. Now look at the bottom open end it stops against the bracket. Using pliers squeeze the open end and using your other hand push the on other side of spring back in.


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PHEW what a week! Happy Friday to you and thanks for stopping in again for another food filled post. I was unsure as to what to have for dinner on Wednesday night as I was getting ready for work in the morning – when I remembered that I had some lean ground beef in the freezer. Every time I would open the freezer it would make a little chirp to me that it was too cold and wanted to be cooked. I could only take that for so long so finally I took it out to thaw and here we are today.
I was kind of in the mood for a cheeseburger but was unsure because we had no whole wheat buns to go with it and really any toppings outside of mustard and ketchup but I convinced myself…. GO FOR IT!
What a reward…. take a look at this. I topped a few with cheese and left a few without for a leftover treat that you will see next week. I may have even impressed Mrs. Zesty to a whole new level.
- 1 1/2 lbs Lean ground beef
- 2 Cloves garlic ( chopped)
- 1/4 Cup grated Parmesan cheese
- 1 Tbsp. Dried/frozen basil
- Cheddar/marble cheese
- 1 Tsp. Chili powder
- 1 Tsp. Dried Thyme
- 1 Tsp. Salt
- 1 Tsp. Black pepper
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees F
- In a large bowl, add ground beef and all the dry ingredients and mix well together.
- Form patties and place on roasting rack.
- Bake for 35-40 minutes until no longer pink inside the meat ( you can peek if you need to)
- Remove from oven and top with cheese; place back in the oven until melted.
Have you ever tried this frozen basil before. It is amazing. So fresh and so convenient especially in the off season.
Zesty Tip: When baking ground beef, I like to use the roasting pan with slats in it to allow the grease to follow away from the meat. This ensures you are getting the leanest most healthy form of that particular meat.
This little treat goes well with a side of salad or just on it's own between your favorite whole grain bun. Heck I just eat them by itself. Sometimes you can't just beat a homemade cheeseburger. What is your little trick you put in your ground beef/turkey/chicken before cooking it to add that flavor you love?
Around the Blogsphere
Well as I have been wandering around the blogsphere this week…. I have bumped into a couple of wicked recipes that are must try's in my books. Take a look over here and let me know what you think.
- A recipe for stove-top granola by the Hungry Yogini. This will knock your socks off for sure and I cannot wait to try it.
- A somewhat genius idea for salad dressings can be found over at Choosing Raw. This I have to sink my gums into.
- And last but not least… I found two things I love wrapped into one over at Joy's site – Can you believe an Avocado Pound Cake? YUM!
That is all I have for this week. I hope everyone has a decent fun filled friday and a great weekend. Today is the last day you can tell all your friends about the Blog Makeover giveaway so "Let it out" and I will be announcing the poor soul that has to work with me for a makeover on MONDAY!
Take care


text: While BlackBerry 10's camera app doesn't offers a ton of options the Time Shift feature really helps it stand out. Time Shift allows users to quickly capture several photos of the same scene and then choose the best looking one. If, for example, you take a photo of a group of people and one of them blinks, you can tap the offending party's mug and change the frame to one where his or her eyes were open. To do this:


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Vietnamese girl 9x beautiful - Ngoc Trinh
Posted by phim2011 On Monday, January 3, 2011 0 comments
Gentle and charming, "the queen underwear" Ngoc Trinh show her charm body in the new collection.
It can be said Ngoc Trinh is one of the rare cases of Vietnamese girl 9X when deciding sexy pictures sexy looks rather gentle, sweet and to continually appear quite sexy pictures for almost a year.
Stylist: Đo Long
Photographer: Vu Lam
Make up: Phan Dung
Model: Ngoc Trinh
Fashion: Lasenza
Posted by phim2011 at 1:30 AM
Labels: Bikini fashion, Vietnam


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Masters Sunday
(55 images)
Check out the best images from Sunday's fourth round of the Masters at Augusta National Golf Club.
View as:
The Masters - Final Round
AUGUSTA, GA - APRIL 10: Charl Schwartzel of South Africa waves to the gallery at the green jacket presentation after his two-stroke victory at the 2011 Masters Tournament at Augusta National Golf Club on April 10, 2011 in Augusta, Georgia.
Credit: Jamie Squire/Getty Images
Date: Apr 11, 2011
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Flattening toms?
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Platinum Member
Join Date: Nov 2010
Posts: 5,850
Re: Flattening toms?
Originally Posted by
Well, he once missed a tour over back problems
I've read elsewhere that it was a result of sitting too low. But where, I don't recall.
I made it quite clear it IS one topic.
I said:
"I only bring up, because I've heard some drummers say they like flat drum set ups because that's how they learned to play in marching band."
How is that NOT on topic of drum set?
I can't. Neither you can prove a flat set up will lead to physical issues.
Clearly ,speculation, on your part.
In the same token, When someone set their kit up with angled toms,somebody saw it,and copied it,and then,somebody else copied it,and then......
EXACTLY,and by doing so,create a "fashion",just like the first guy to wear a tie die shirt in the late 60's.And after a time,when enough people do the same thing,or wear the same type of cloths...it becomes.......wait for it........FASHION.
And what else happen with anything that is in fashion?Eventually,it will no longer be in fashion.
Why are some people so afraid of that word?
I clearly said that "How does anyone know that drummers won't have physical issues" reguarding a flat set up.This indicated that I don't know,nor do I speculate that it will..
Steve B
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|Tee - Gap
Cardi - Rugged Warehouse
Jeans - LOFTShoes - Vans
This week has become a skirt-less week. It's cold. I'm running out of tights: I sent one pair in a swap, found a run on my solid black tights, I think my count is now at 3 including fishnets . I'm overdo for an order to sockdreams. I made a run by Rugged Warehouse where they have $1.99-$5.99 tights and they were pretty much cleaned out. I hope I can find a few good pairs because winter is just starting and having an all-pants winter does not sound like fun.
I really love the layering of this look. It's not really a going out of the house look, but it's perfect for puttering around the house.


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Pastoral Ministry
Guests, Gregory E. Reynolds | July 8, 2013 | Scripture: | Type: Interviews, Office Hours
Office Hours talks with Rev. Dr. Gregory Edward Reynolds about media ecology and ministry.
Guests, Christopher Gordon | September 4, 2012 | Scripture: 2 Corinthians, New Testament | Type: Morning Devotions Series
An exhortation to seminarians not to lose heart in their training and why this is important for the ministry and understanding the Gospel.
Dennis E. Johnson, Resident Faculty | May 6, 2011 | Scripture: | Type: Interviews, WSC Videos
Dennis Johnson talks about pastoral counseling.
Guests, David W. Hall | April 26, 2012 | Scripture: | Type: Lecture Series, den Dulk Lectures
The pastor is perpetually tempted to try and be the hero of his flock.
Guests, David W. Hall | April 25, 2012 | Scripture: | Type: Lecture Series, den Dulk Lectures
The pastor has much wisdom to gain through the study of church history.


text:
Steve Morrison - pro drum tech (Tommy Lee and others)
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Senior Member
Join Date: Mar 2006
Posts: 130
Re: Steve Morrison - pro drum tech (Tommy Lee)
First let me say that I thought I was going out on a limb when I wrote to Steve and asked if there was anyway my son and I could attend sound check or some other more private event other than the concert at Richmond ( we already had 2nd row seats ). He responded within hours to say he would call me on the day of the show to see if he could work something out. Waiting anxiously all day Saturday we never heard from Steve, as excited as we were we figured he's just a busy man. Immediately after the concert we saw Steve moving trap cases over to the drums, after screaming his name a couple of times he came over to us, apologized for not calling and said he was short on help and asked if we could come up and give him a hand tearing everything down. My son and I put Tommys cymbals and hardware away and I got to put the 32" kick in its case. Wow!
Steve, what you did for us Saturday night may not have meant anything to you, but it meant everything to us!
Thanks, you're a cool guy!
Carl & Corey (Corey said thanks again for the sticks!)
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Senator Bernie Sanders, joined by firefighters and leaders of Vermont's first responder community in Shelburne, announced last week that he has introduced legislation to strengthen support for the thinning ranks of volunteer firefighters.
"Volunteer firefighting has been a tradition in our state and country since the beginning of America, but today for a variety of reasons that institution is in trouble," Sanders (I-Vt.) told a news conference at the volunteer fire department here.
The tradition of emergency responder volunteerism is "in danger of weakening and possibly even dying out," according to the Department of Homeland Security. Nationwide, the ranks of volunteer firefighters have dropped more than 10 percent from their peak in 1984.
Vermont's 5,600 volunteer firefighters and the nation's 800,000 volunteer firefighters and emergency medical service personnel "deserve our strong support," Sanders said. "I want the federal government to be a partner in community efforts to keep our volunteer fire departments fully staffed and ready to respond when needed."
Sanders called for federal assistance to community efforts to recruit and retain volunteer firefighters and other emergency responders. The legislation would direct the secretary of the Department of Homeland Security to establish a program to provide matching funds to state and local governments, or nonprofit associations, in support of volunteer firefighter and EMS incentive programs. The federal government would provide half of the cost of the incentives, which could include retirement benefits, travel and training reimbursement, health insurance assistance, life insurance, tuition and school loan forgiveness, and property tax reductions.
"Some states and local governments already provide these incentives, but, unfortunately, many communities that rely on volunteer firefighters and emergency medical services personnel, particularly in rural and low-income areas, cannot afford these benefits," Sanders said. "This bill aims to support the best of what local fire companies want to do and what they know will work for them to attract and keep volunteers."
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To the Editor:
Recently, The United Way of Stark County and Chesapeake Energy teamed up to offer a Day of Caring in Carroll County that included Carroll County Park District. They organized almost 75 volunteers to improve Bluebird Farm Park and Carroll Community Park. Many projects were completed during the day including painting, ball field maintenance and improvements, gardening, trail maintenance including cutting a new trail at the Bluebird Farm Park.
The volunteers, from area business and agencies, came to work and completed an overwhelming amount of much needed work. Teams of volunteers accomplished projects that would have taken park personnel weeks to accomplish. These acts of kindness, through volunteerism and donations for supplies to support the work are deeply appreciated by the park district and board of park commissioners.
A heartfelt thank you to the United Way, Chesapeake Energy and all those who supported the Day of Caring projects at the Bluebird Farm Park and Carroll Community Park.
Dale A. Alexander, Executive Director
Carroll County Park District
Carrollton, OH
The Free Press Standard invites you to post your thoughts on the story in the box below.
These posts do not reflect the views of the The Free Press Standard or its employees.
©2013 The Free Press Standard
Carrollton Free Press Standard P. O. Box 37, Carrollton, OH 44615


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Chargers fall in Game 2, face regional title showdown
The Northwood Chargers didn't know quite what hit them Saturday, as they blew a five-run lead in the bottom of the sixth inning and lost on a walk-off single with two outs in the seventh.
The news wasn't all bad for Northwood (25-6), which now stands tied 1-1 in its best-of-three East Region 2-A championship series with North Brunswick (16-11).
In fact, the Chargers didn't appear the least bit fazed afterward, cheering in a team postgame huddle in left field when told by Coach Rick Parks: "So what? You lost. So you get to play more baseball on Monday night. Who wouldn't want to play more baseball?"
The decisive Game 3 will be played in Pittsboro on Monday at 6 p.m.
But on Saturday night, the joy was reserved for a disbelieving North Brunswick dugout.
The host Scorpions took the field with the highest of expectations, starting ace righthander Shelton Perkins. Asked before the game what Perkins' won-lost record was, a teammate asked Perkins, then relayed: "8-2, but it'll be 9-2 after tonight."
It didn't turn out that way. Northwood drove Perkins from the game in a four-run fourth inning, adding on to a 1-0 lead the Chargers had taken in the top of the second.
And it didn't look like the Chargers would have any problem holding that lead. No. 2 starter Steven Strong was on the mound and living up to his last name. He faced only two batters over the minimum in his first five innings, allowing one hit, an infield single to Jared Strange leading off the first.
But it all came apart in the sixth. It seemed harmless enough at the time, but Parks would later call it a momentum changer.
Leading off the sixth, Jonathan McKee walked and went to second on a single by Chase Golden. The Northwood runners moved to second and third on a passed ball, and the 5-0 lead seemed certain to expand.
But Adam Lowe grounded to second, was thrown out at first, and first baseman Tyler Barnes caught Golden napping too far off second. His throw to Perkins, who went to shortstop after leaving the mound, got Golden for a double play.
Northwood came up empty when Jordan Riggsbee struck out.
"When we stranded those guys at second and third, they got a lot of momentum," Parks said. "Sometimes it just works that way."
In the bottom half of the sixth, Strong gave up four straight hits including two doubles and Riggsbee's errant throw from left field shaved the lead to 5-3 with none out and a runner on third. Strong got the first out on a pop to short, but then he hit two straight batters to load the bases.
Relief pitcher Garrett Scott came on and gave up a sacrifice fly and a game-tying RBI single by Davon Perkins.
"We came out flat," Barnes said. "But in the sixth, something clicked. I don't know what it was."
Northwood got the potential go-ahead run to second base in the top of the seventh but stranded him there.
Scott gave up a one-out single to Kevon Perkins in the bottom of the inning, Perkins stole second and took third on a passed ball by Northwood catcher Andrew Webster. It appeared for a moment that he might stay there. Scott got Northwood's first strikeout of the night and it was huge — No. 3 hitter Jacob Shuman, who relieved Perkins and got the win.
But cleanup hitter Barnes, 0-for-3 to that point and without having hit the ball out of the infield, hit a soaring fly to deep left over Riggsbee's head and off the fence, scoring Perkins with the winning run.
"I went up there trying to forget all those other at-bats," Barnes said. "I was excited to hit in that situation. I knew one was coming for me, and it did."
NOTES — Having used Strong and undefeated ace Robert Straughn (13-0) in the first two games of the series, Parks will use Clark Streets in Game 3. Streets pitched well in the state quarterfinal win over rival Carrboro that got Northwood to the East Regional championship series. "I feel good about our situation," Parks said.
N. Brunswick 6, Northwood 5
N. Brunswick|000|005|1—6|7|2
Northwood, Steven Strong, Garrett Scott (6) and Andrew Webster; N. Brunswick, Shelton Perkins, Jacob Shumate (4) and Shak Graham. WP—Shumate, LP—Scott. Leading hitters—Northwood, Trevon Hackney 2-2, Dillon Stasko 2-3 (2B, RBI); N. Brunswick, Jared Strange 2-3, Kevon Perkins 2-4 (RBI).
Records—Northwood 25-6, North Brunswick 16-11.


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An implantable infusion reservoir having a resilient foam member in a rigid housing to urge fluid to an implantation site. The foam member compresses upon charging and then expands to maintain a predetermined pressure characteristic within the fluid. The foam replaces the previously used two-phase propellent and eliminates the need for a hermetic metal bellows. The foam may be either closed celled or open celled, with or without a barrier skin. The device can be conformal to any desired shape and employ various metering techniques to deliver accurate quantities of fluid.
1. An implantable infusion system comprising:
a housing;
a reservoir in said housing;
an inlet in said housing for providing access to said reservoir from an external point for charging said reservoir with a fluid to be dispensed;
an outlet providing fluid communication between said reservoir and a remote location for dispensing said fluid;
means interposed between said reservoir and said outlet to meter the flow of said fluid; and
a solid compressible member filling substantially that portion of said reservoir unoccupied by said fluid for providing a force urging said fluid from said reservoir into said outlet by expansion and contracting upon filling said reservoir with fluid.
2. The implantable infusion system of claim 1, wherein said solid compressible member comprises a resilient foam.
3. The implantable infusion system of claim 2, wherein said resilient foam is a closed cell foam.
4. The implantable infusion system of claim 3, wherein said closed cell foam is coated with a solid coating.
5. The implantable infusion system of claim 1, wherein said housing conforms in shape to an implantation site in a body cavity.
6. The implantable infusion system of claim 1, wherein said inlet comprises a penetrable septum.
7. The implantable infusion system of claim 1, wherein said solid compressible member comprises an open cell foam having an impermeable cover thereon.
8. The implantable infusion system of claim 1, wherein said solid compressible member comprises an open cell foam having a separate impermeable cover, and a vent in said housing to expose said solid compressible member to ambient conditions.
9. The implantable infusion system of claim 1 further comprising a diaphragm to compress said solid compressible member in response to fluid pressure during filling.
10. An implantable infusion system comprising:
a hollow housing;
a penetrable septum mounted in said housing for providing access to an interior portion of said housing from an external point for supplying to said housing a fluid to be dispensed;
an outlet catheter establishing fluid communication between said interior portion of said housing and a location for dispensing said fluid; and
a resilient compressible member positioned in said housing and occupying the volume of said interior portion unoccupied by said fluid for providing a force by expansion pressurizing said fluid to expel said fluid from said interior portion into said outlet catheter, said resilient member contacting upon filling said interior portion with fluid.
11. The implantable infusion system of claim 10, wherein said resilient compressible member comprises a resilient foam.
12. The implantable infusion system of claim 11, wherein said resilient foam is a closed cell foam.
13. The implantable infusion system of claim 12 wherein said closed cell foam is coated with a solid coating.
14. The implantable infusion system of claim 10, wherein said resilient compressible member comprises an open cell foam having an impermeable cover thereon.
15. The implantable infusion system of claim 10 further comprising metering means interposed between said housing and said outlet catheter to meter fluid to said outlet catheter.
16. The implantable infusion system of claim 15, wherein said metering means comprises a restriction capillary.
17. The implantable infusion system of claim 15, wherein said metering means comprises an inlet valve, a pressurized volume accumulator and an outlet valve, said inlet and outlet valves operable to alternately fill and discharge said accumulator whereby a metered amount of fluid is delivered to said outlet catheter.
18. The implantable infusion system of claim 15, wherein said metering means comprises a peristaltic pump.
19. The implantable infusion system of claim 10, wherein said housing is shaped to be conformal with a body cavity that is the implantation site.
This invention relates to an implantable positive pressure infusion reservoir. In particular, it relates to an implantable drug infusion reservoir that eliminates the requirement for a bellows and two-phase propellent used as a primary drug storage reservoir.
Implantable drug infusion systems are commercially available. Typical are the Infusaid Model 100 and 400 pump systems. Those systems are based on the technology disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,731,681 which employs a bellows, typically made of titanium for purposes of drug compatibility, as the main drug storage reservoir. Titanium has been chosen in the prior art additionally for its biocompatibility and its hermeticity when welded to other components of the pump. Moreover, systems in use today predicated on the technology of the '681 patent typically use Freon (DuPont trademark) as a two-phase constant pressure media for purposes of providing a delivery pressure tending to bias the bellows in a compressed position.
While such systems have become commercially viable, they are relatively expensive. For example, the titanium bellows per se typically costs between $100-$200. This is the piece part cost and does not include the costs associated with welding, Freon backfill and the like. Thus, the use of a bellows/Freon system and its corresponding material requirements are a major contributing factor in the cost of an implantable drug infusion system.
Additionally, the use of a bellows configuration carries with it inherent size and shape limitations and becomes less volume efficient for bellows having small diameters, long strokes and low spring rate pressures. To date, however, the use of the bellows configuration is the only major commercially viable system.
Other techniques have been proposed in the art such as U.S. Pat. No. 3,840,009. This reservoir concept employs a heat-sealed metallized film bag for containment of a two-phase charging fluid. The bag is then immersed in the drug solution and acts as a compliant reservoir as well as a motive pressure force. In such a system then, the use of the two-phase fluid is also required with the propellent media housed in a flexible member inside a larger volume reservoir.
Such a configuration, while eliminating the bellows may still be expensive to manufacture since environmental concerns have decreased the availability and raised the cost to purchase and store chlorofluorocarbons of the type used for implantable propellents.
Thus, there exists within the technology dealing with implantable drug infusion systems the need for a lower cost reservoir which utilizes less parts yet does not decrease the volumetric efficiency of traditional bellows devices. Moreover, such a system must be compatible with the stringent requirements of implantation into a living body together with drug compatibility over a range of drugs to be infused.
Given the shortcomings in the prior art, it is an object of this invention to provide an implantable drug infusion reservoir which significantly reduces costs, uses a minimum number of parts and is easier to manufacture than prior art systems, yet maintains volumetric efficiency.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide for an implantable drug infusion reservoir that is conformal in shape to a number of different implantation volumes, yet performs with a relatively constant fluid pressure.
These and other objects of this invention are fulfilled by the use of a flexible foam member which acts both as the drug storage reservoir and the pressure motive force to dispel the drug from the reservoir. The foam core replaces the bellows and the Freon charging fluid. Thus, when compared with the existing technology, the use of the foam member significantly reduces not only the cost of parts, but also the cost of manufacture and assembly. In addition, the foam member is generally conformal in shape to the complete interior of the drug storage area, improving volumetric efficiency. While circular or disk members are most common, the foam can be any shape.
The foam itself is sealed so that it will be impermeable to the drug and any gases dissolved in the drug solution. Thus, the foam member may be a closed cell foam or, a closed cell foam having a skin, coating or film. An open cell foam may also be used provided with a skin, coating or film. An open cell foam may also be sealed in a bag or isolated by a flexible diaphragm to provide the necessary impermeability. By utilizing the resilient foam member, the bellows, Freon and a Freon fill tube are eliminated from the drug infusion system. Additionally, the drug reservoir need no longer be hermetic to or compatible with Freon gas. Thus, alternative materials to titanium may be selected. The use of the foam member has an added advantage in that it allows other inert materials to be used as the basic reservoir housing, for instance, low cost plastics.
Moreover, the top cover for the housing which is typically a solid piece containing the septum, filter and needle stop can also be manufactured from materials other than titanium because weld compatibility is no longer required. Complex machining of titanium can be replaced by low-cost plastics injection molding. This is a secondary but significant advantage of utilizing a resilient foam reservoir.
Another advantage in the use of the foam member is that the foam itself deflects uniformly (in all directions) under hydrostatic pressure. The foam can therefore be manufactured in any shape to fill any heretofore wasted voids or spaces inside the housing; the single axis of travel required by the bellows is no longer a design limitation.
In operation, the implantable pump is manufactured with the foam in compression and sealed. By this technique the reservoir is pre-set to a minimum operating pressure condition. A syringe is inserted through the fill septum and pressure applied to dispense its contents. When the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid filling the reservoir reaches the initial compression pressure of the foam, the foam will deflect inwardly on all surfaces and the pump will begin to fill by compression of the foam. The deflection of the foam continues until the syringe is completely emptied or the back-pressure exhibited by the foam equals the hydrostatic pressure of the syringe. The syringe needle is then retracted from the inlet septum and the pump is ready for use. As drug is expelled from the reservoir to the outlet catheter, the foam gradually returns to its initial state and is thus automatically reset for subsequent refill.
This invention will be described in greater detail by referring to the attached drawing and the description of the preferred embodiments which follow.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an implantable drug infusion system utilizing the foam reservoir with different metering techniques;
FIGS. 2a and 2b are sequential cross-sectional operational views showing a different infusion system during reservoir refill;
FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e are cut away cross-sections illustrating various preferred embodiments within the scope of the invention; and
FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c are three dimensional representations of reservoir configurations constructed in specific "physiologic" shapes.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a schematic view of the invention is depicted in use in an implantable infusion system. The implantable reservoir 1 contains a rigid housing 10 forming a sealed compartment containing a drug chamber 12. Within the chamber 12 is inserted a resilient foam member 14 to be described in detail herein. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the foam member 14 is conformal, that is it is cut, cast, or molded so that it occupies substantially the entire volume of the drug chamber 12. An inlet/outlet conduit 18 is located within the housing 10 to provide fluid communication with the drug chamber 12.
Attached to the conduit 18 are basic implantable infusion system elements consisting of refill septum 20, bacteria filter 22, flow metering device 24 (shown by dashed lines and to be described in detail herein), auxilliary bypass septum 26 and outlet catheter 28. These components are well established in the art and are shown only for purposes of illustration of a typical use of the invention. For instance, flow metering device 24 can be a flow restricting capillary 30 (shown attached to the system). It may also be an electronically controlled valve/accumulator/valve assembly 32, consisting of inlet valve 34, pressurized volume accumulator 36 and outlet valve 38. The flow metering component can also be a programmable peristaltic driver 40, consisting of rigid housing 42, rotating pinch roller 44 and peristaltic flow tubing 46. Each of these metering components is well known in the art and practiced commercially within the context of implantable drug infusion systems. The system could also be constructed without auxilliary bypass septum 26 or fashioned for one-time use by eliminating refill septum 20. All of these variations can be freely practiced with the invention herein described.
Comparing the device of FIG. 1 with a prior art drug infusion system, (e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 3,731,681) it is appreciated that by this invention the prior art bellows is eliminated. As such, the cost of manufacture is significantly reduced because the foam member 14 utilizes inexpensive processes of manufacture and assembly. Additionally, the available volume in the drug chamber 12 is maintained or increased since any dead volume associated with sliding clearance and nesting of the bellows is eliminated. The foam member eliminates the requirement for a separate charging fluid chamber as in prior art systems. That is, given the resiliency of the foam member 14, the requirement in the prior art for a separate system or device to provide a compressive force on the bellows is not present. In addition to eliminating the volumetric requirement of the charging fluid chamber, other advantages occur by this system.
First, the drug chamber 12 need not be hermetic or compatible with Freon gas. Thus, the housing 10 need not be titanium as in the prior art. Rather, it can be selected from other materials such as plastic and the like which are inert yet, have reduced costs and lower weight vis-a-vis titanium. Second, Freon and the requirement of a Freon fill tube to initially charge the device are also eliminated in this system. The benefits contribute to lower costs and higher system reliability.
The resilient foam member 14 deflects uniformly under the application of hydrostatic pressure. Thus, the foam can be manufactured in any shape to fill all voids and spaces in the housing 10. FIG. 1 in cross section illustrates the member 14 as occupying substantially the entire drug chamber 12. The operation of a similar device by reference to FIGS. 2a and 2b.
Considering FIG. 2a (in which like numerals are used to identify like components), the foam member 14 is illustrated at its initial, pre-set compression pressure as part of implantable infusion pump 48. That is, the system is manufactured with the foam 14 in partial compression and sealed with barrier skin 16. This defines an initial volume 12 for drug storage. As illustrated in FIG. 2a, the device is implanted under the dermal line 50. A syringe 52, filled with drug solution 53 and incorporating plunger 54 and hollow needle 56, penetrates the dermis 50 and septum 20 to enter fluid antechamber 58. The needle 56 abuts against needle stop 60, preventing entry to the drug chamber 12. Antechamber 58 communicates with drug chamber 12 through flow passages 62.
Within housing 10, an outlet conduit 64 permits passage of drug from chamber 12 through porous bacteria filter 66 and orifice flow restrictor 68 which is constructed of rigid body 70 with orifice channel 72. Flow then exits from orifice 72 barbed connector 74 and flexible catheter 28 to the desired site of delivery.
Referring now to FIG. 2b, upon depression of the plunger 54 in the direction of the arrow 78, the drug solution 53 fills antechamber 58 and passes via flow passages 62 into the drug chamber 12. When the hydrostatic pressure due to filling reaches the initial compression pressure of the foam 14, the foam 14 begins to deflect on all surfaces, commencing the filling operation. This uniform deflection is illustrated by small arrows 80. As the syringe plunger 54 continues to be depressed, the drug chamber 12 fills with the drug 53 until the syringe 52 is emptied or the foam 14 resists further deflection. The syringe needle 56 may then be retracted and the infusion reservoir 1 is ready for use.
Due to the compression of the foam 14, drug chamber 12 is pressurized to a level above that existing at the exit of delivery catheter 28, forcing drug 53 to be expelled through outlet conduit 64, filter 66 restrictor 68 and barbed connector 74. As drug 53 is discharged from drug chamber 12, the compressed foam 14 returns to its initial shape, filling substantially all of the drug chamber 12 until all drug is exhausted and the foam 14 returns to its preset compression position as illustrated in FIG. 2a. Thus, the system has been emptied and is ready for refill in the manner just discussed.
The foam 14 must, in its manufactured shape, exhibit a pressure/volume performance which is acceptable to the flowrate requirements of the intended pump. That is, it must be designed to induce substantially constant pressure or varying degrees of pressure versus volume as required by the particular application. Additionally, the materials to construct foam 14 or barrier skin 16, must be compatible with a variety of solutions to be infused in the body because they come in direct contact with the drug solution 53. The materials of construction in contact with the drug solution must therefore not adversely affect the drug or, visa-versa must not be altered by the drug itself.
Since the foam is in contact with the drug it must meet U.S.P. Class VI criteria. That is, the material must not elute chemicals which will sensitize the body in any manner. That is, the elutents, if any, must be non-pyrogenic, hemocompatible, non-toxic, non-cytotoxic, etc. The same characteristics must also hold true for the barrier skin 16 material and the housing 10 material. Materials satisfactory for the foam 14 include medical grade silicones and polyurethanes. Materials satisfactory for the barrier skin 16 and housing 10 include fluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons such as PVDF ("KYNAR", trade name of the ATOCHEM corporation), CTFE, ECTFE, polysulfones, polyesters such as "MYLAR" (DuPont trade name) and thermoplastic polyesters such as "HYTREL" (DuPont trade name). These materials can also be metallized to produce the required barrier properties using elements such as aluminum or titanium or coated with other gas barriers such as diamond-like carbon coating (DLCC).
Because the system is implanted it must achieve acceptable mechanical performance over time. That is, the foam 14 must have acceptable creep characteristics, stable modulus and a relatively long fatigue life. Both the silicone and polyurethane materials mentioned above exhibit these characteristics. Finally, if a closed cell foam is used in direct contact with drug solutions, the foam must have a relative impermeability of the foam surface and/or cell walls to both gases and vapors so that the pressure/volume characteristics of the foam can be maintained over time.
To accomplish these goals, a variety of foam constructions are preferred as illustrated in FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e. Referring now to FIG. 3a, the reservoir 1 may consist of a closed cell foam 14 inside of the rigid housing 10, forming drug chamber 12 in fluid communication with inlet/outlet conduit 18. Depending on the flow characteristics desired, the closed cells of the foam 14 may contain, for example, air at ambient pressure--giving a very high spring rate foam due to the compression of the gas, or vacuum--giving a spring rate characteristic dependent only upon that of the foam material. Alternatively, the foam 14 may be an open cell foam having an impermeable surface skin 16 as shown in FIG. 3b. The skin 16 may be fashioned by fusing the foam's surface e.g., during the foam casting process or through various other types of application methods including dip coating, spraying, shrinkfitting, heat forming or vapor deposition. In addition, various layers of films and/or coatings may be used to produce specific barrier properties. All of these techniques for processing foams and/or films are well known in the art.
One variation of the open celled foam 14 with skin 16, is displayed in FIG. 3c. Here the skin 16 is formed by two layers of film sealed at the edges to form a hermetic rim 17 "sandwiched" by two opposing sides of the discoid housing 10. To provide fluid continuity between the two sides of the drug chamber 12, a flow passage 13 is created in the walls of the housing 10 and through hermetic rim 17. As in other configurations, the cell volumes within the foam 14 can be filled with gas of a specific type at a specific pressure, or evacuated to give compression characteristics due to the foam material only.
Yet another variation of the reservoir 1 is illustrated in FIG. 3d. Here the foam element 14 is set in a rigid housing 10 that is vented on the foam side via vent hole 11. A barrier skin 16 separates the foam element 14 from the drug chamber 12. The foam element 14 is preferably of the open celled type. Through the vent hole 11 and in combination with the barrier skin 16, the pressure in the drug chamber 12 is made responsive to ambient pressure external to the reservoir 1. The venting technique illustrated in FIG. 3d is useful for maintaining a drug chamber pressure that is independent of changes in ambient pressure, for instance, when a patient with the implanted device travels in a depressurized airplane cabin. By this technique, the device is self compensating for changes in ambient pressure.
Finally, FIG. 3e represents a reservoir embodiment utilizing a diaphragm as the skin element 16. As before, the foam 14 may be open or closed cell and may be gas charged or evacuated.
Due to the uniform geometry and deflection of the foam element 14, a variety of reservoir shapes can be designed to accomodate the intended implant location as illustrated in FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c (where like numbers represent like elements). For instance, FIG. 4a shows a tubular shaped implantable reservoir suited for subcutaneous insertion in the leg or arm. Here only a small incision is required to insert the reservoir and the shape more discreetly and practically conforms to the shape of the limb. FIG. 4b shows a reservoir geometry more amenable to the physiology of a pectoral implant where the reservoir must be large in diameter and thin in height to prevent skin erosion or remain cosmetically appealing. This reservoir is shown with a refill setum 20 as part of the housing 10. The foam element 14 in this reservoir is shown with a barrier skin 16 (illustrated in cut-away cross section). Lastly, FIG. 4c is used to illustrate a non-symmetric housing 10, in this case one that is "kidney shaped". A reservoir of this type may be necessary to conform to a special physiology, for example, around a bone or internal organ or to support a body part or an additional implantable infusion component. All of these shapes are possible because of the inherently uniform deflection of the foam element 14 and the relative ease of forming the foam 14, housing 10 and barrier skin 16 (optional) into a variety of complex geometries. For example, where the device replaces an organ or gland, the shape can replicate the bodily member it replaces to be conformal in the body cavity.
It is therefore apparent that other modifications of this invention can be practiced without departing from the essential scope thereof.
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Week 40
(All weights in pounds and ounces)
Amberjack L 46-0 Austin Curler
Barracuda G 33-6 Ken Bennett
Bluefish L 9-13 Paul Kelly
Cobia G 69-8 Shane Sinclair
Cobia UL 34-0 Scott Rooke
Croaker L 1-1 O.C. Polk
Croaker UL 0-13 J Gornhauser
Dolphin G 63-4 Ryan Glass
Flounder L 8-11 Bill Jones
Flounder UL 6-15 Carl Smith Jr.
Grouper G 48-8 Cantey Smith
Grouper L 15-8 Robert Olsen
Ladyfish L 4-12 Bill Jones
Ladyfish UL 2-10 Eddie Robbins
King mackerel G 36-0 Dylan Suggs
King mackerel L 41-8 David Roberts
Spanish mackerel L 6-5 Bryan Ohning
Spanish mackerel UL 2-9 Steve Joy
Pompano L 3-10 Bill Jones
Sailfish G 50-0 Leslee Gordon
Blacktip shark L 103-6 Trent BoniFay
Lemon shark G 220-3 Nikki Colwell
All other sharks G 101-0 Mark Thawley
Sheepshead G 11-12 Rich Aulner
Sheepshead L 11-14 Jackson Perry
Sheepshead UL 9-10 Lonnie East III
Spadefish G 9-6 Gregory Sandifer
Spadefish L 9-7 Dan Champlin
Spadefish UL 7-0 Ken Bennett
Swordfish G 55-0 Heather Leman
Tripletail L 8-0 Ethan Wahl
Trout L 7-10 Jerry Johnson
Trout UL 10-0 Jason Schall
Trout FR 3-8 Eddie Robbins
Triggerfish G 8-12 Timothy Whiddon
Blackfin tuna G 35-9 Charles Wilson
Blackfin tuna L 15-2 Robert Olsen
Wahoo G 76-8 Andy Parker
Whiting L 1-5 Nick DeLullo
Whiting UL 1-10 J Gornhauser
Saltwater Tackle Categories
General – Over 20-pound test line; Light – Over 8-pound through 20-pound test line; Ultralight – 8-pound test and under. Flyrod – 20-lbs tippet or less.
Largemouth bass UL 4-1 Russ Perkins
Bowfin UL 7-9 James McDonald
Redbreast bream UL 0-11 Rick Thomas
Other bream L 1-4 Bobby McGuire
Other bream UL 1-0 James Medina
Catfish G 44-9 Lonnie East III
Catfish L 45-4 Ben Gwinn
Catfish UL 31-4 Lonnie East III
Crappie L 2-11 Marvin Mims
Crappie UL 3-1 Steve English
Chain pickerel L 3-9 Sheldon Reid
Chain pickerel UL 3-15 Mac Singletary
American shad L 4-4 Lewis Frampton
American shad UL 4-5 Luke Bishop
American shad FR 4-5 Rodney West
Freshwater Tackle Categories
General – Over 14-pound test line; Light – Over 8-pound through 14-pound test line; Ultralight – 8-pound test and under; Flyrod – 20-pound test tippet or less.
Catch and release
Jason Schall 5920
Lewis Lee 5050
Skip Milligan 640
David Murray 390
Jason Bennett 260
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Tags avicii, house, party, rave, remix
Artists Avicii, Nadia Ali, Busta Rhymes
March 06, 2012
A collection of Avicii's greatest remixes and songs, enjoy!
Bangers N' Mash by StereoDreams
Mashups of top songs over the years .
mashup, summer, hip hop, running, dance
Electro Valentines Day by StereoDreams
Memorizing voices and soothing beats for you electro lovers.
valentine's day, sex, house, electronic, female vocalists
Take Me Higher! by StereoDreams
The sickest brand new mashups and remixes of your favorite house and electronic beats.
mashup, best of 2012, party, house, electronic
Maximal Crazy! by StereoDreams
The biggest beats and remixes to fuel your adrenaline .
party, workout, dubstep, electronic, house


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|Country Inns By Carlson Chatham properties are provided below. Search for cheap and discount Country Inns By Carlson hotel rates in Chatham, ON for your business gathering or personal travels. We list the best Country Inns By Carlson Chatham hotels so you can review the Chatham Country Inns By Carlson hotel list below to find the perfect place.
This website will list below Chatham, ON hotels/lodging that have similar star rating to Country Inns By Carlson.
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Hang tight!
Recipe by LisaMB
"Spice from the curry and slightly sweet coconut milk combine to make a wonderfully tasty and tender chicken dish. Serve with basmati rice and a cool cucumber and tomato salad. I created this recipe after a small ethnic restaurant in our neighborhood closed. Their curry chicken and peanuts was wonderful. I was unable to find a similar recipe so through trial and error, this version was born!"
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2 tablespoons
2 tablespoons
vegetable oil
sweet onions, thinly sliced
2 tablespoons
curry powder, or to taste, divided
skinless, boneless chicken breast halves, cut into cubes
1/4 cup
coconut milk, or more if desired
1/4 cup
chopped peanuts
This recipe is wonderful! I'm not really a very good cook and even I couldn't screw this one up. :) I think the level of taste really depends on what kind of curry you use, and you could definitely spice it up with spicier curry. But, as is, it made for a great, light, tasty dinner. The sauce was delicious, I felt like I was in a restaurant. Put it over a bed of jasmine rice and you'd have a great dinner.
This dish was VERY bland and colorless. I believe it needs a lot of tweaking to be a keeper.
13 Ratings
The first time I made this recipe I found it to be bland. I added Cumin and cilantro to taste. I reserved some of the fresh cilantro to sprinkle when I plated the dish, Also gave a sprinkle of fresh coconut as well. Used Jasmatti rice and it was delicious. Went from 3 stars to 5 stars!
I was hoping for a new curry recipe. This is very bland and tasteless. I won't make it again.
This is nice if you're looking for something simple and not overwelming in taste. My boyfriend and I didn't love or hate it, but I probably wont make it again.
Thanks LisaMB. Quick and Easy! I made no changes and it's simply great. Served it with whole grained rice then again with egg noodles and a green veggie for color. My wife loved it!
I loved this with the following changes:
I cooked the onions with (a lot more than it called for) curry and a pinch of salt in a 50-50 mix of peanut and olive oil. While the chicken was cooking in the resulting liquid, the onions were moved to a small glass dish and mixed with about a cup of shredded coconut flakes (I had no coconut milk). When the chicken was nearly ready to reintroduce the onion mixture, I added about a half cup of Smuckers natural peanut butter, stirred to coat, liquifying the pb and thickening the sauce. I returned the onions to the pan, tossed on a healthy sprinkle of garlic powder, a chunk of cinnamon stick, and a fair bit of cayenne pepper for zip, then added some Progresso chix stock to allow for some simmering activity. As an after thought, I tossed in some frozen peas to break up the monotonous curry color (also cooled it down to eat faster!). It thickened up over the next half hour or so and we ate it over rice.
Loved it just the way it is!
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Coconut Curry Chicken and Peanuts
Serving Size: 1/4 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 4
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 339
Calories from Fat: 206
We have over 100 cucumber salads to help you keep your cool.
Meatloaf is the hearty, family-pleasing meal that makes the greatest leftovers ever.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
What's cooking in Pearland, Texas? A sweet-and-savory fusion dish.
See how to make quick-and-easy curried chicken.
Chicken breasts simmer in a spicy tomato and yogurt sauce.


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Disney does it again! One of their top stars, Cheetah Girl Adrienne Bailon, has had nude pics stolen from her laptop. It all started when Bailon was at JFK airport in late October, and noticed her laptop computer was missing from her bell cart. She filed a report with the Port Authority, but later that day her record label received an phone call from a man saying he had her laptop and would return it for $1000. A meeting was set up at JFK with the man, where he was given the money, and in turn gave up Bailon's missing laptop. Except one minor thing was missing, several semi-nude photos of Bailon she had taken as an anniversary present for boyfriend Robert Kardashian.
Also watch these great galleries:
- 2010 World Cup – Argentina vs. Nigeria
- Charlize Theron
- Imogen Thomas in Maxim
- Elizabeth Hurley still has it
- Alessandra Ambrosio beach photoshoot in St Barths
Nice ass…
I'd surely bang it!
She used to be in a singing group called 3LW. She was the hot blond one…apparently with a nice ass.
Nude nude… it's semi-nude xD
looks fake
by the 2010 disney will start to make porn movies due the high demand
Nice little piece of ass…
I'm telling you - some people are letting these girls roam around all horny and shit - where are the guys in all of this????... Someone needs to put an end to this, believe me if I was hitting that, she'd get so much dick - she wouldn't have the time of day to do this silly shit… Except to get water, and sleep…
OHHHHH, by the way: Can you please mention that she's WAAAAAAAAAAAAAY over 18 on the main paige Willy. After I clicked it and realized it was Disney, I got a little paranoid and freacked out.. But than it turned out all good when I found she's over 18…:)
Grantz you pedo - you make me sick, peoplelikeyou should be locked up and castrated. Cunt.
Therese Brockie - you fucking bitch. RELAX!!!!!!
Pay more attention to what I said, Im saying that I clicked and I realized this bitch was from Disney, and the LAAAAAAAST FUCKING thing I wanted to see was a girl from Disney that is too young… But than I found out she's like fucking 24 and than I was oh "GOOOOOOOOOD" - so FUCK YOU!!!!!!!!!! I dont know where you get your ideas from stupid bitch… I wanted Willy to mention that she's way over 18, cause it scared the fuck out of me when I found out she was in Disney…. HAPPY, BITCH???
Nice hairy cunt, Cunt.
I'd let her kiss me
i'd let her do me
remember to read carefully therese.. because you made yourself look like the dumbass cunt you are.
Is that a tattoo of a dead cheetah? Me thinks so.
wtf…shes like 25 or something so we cant be pedos fucking idiot
I think she needs to show her fukin pussy i mean i want her to suck my big dick ok and me to lick her boobs and stick my dick in her pussy and me to lick her pussy!!
one time, i threw up!
yeah, what normal woman doesn't take nude pictures of herself, take a look around. and you get all these fuckin depraved lil nobheads on here talkin shit like 'she needs to show her fukin pussy', i mean, come on shes not doin it for you u fuckin lil dickhead. how about actually try and get some, you're opbviously fuckin virgin geeks that do nuttin but play WOW n daydream about girls.
get a life.
p.s dont really know who she is but shes quite hot, too bad her boyfriend dint get those pics for anniversaryand they're posted for millions to see.
Please some1 find more pictures of her nude. Dat is 1 nice piece of assssssssssss!!!!!!!!


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Perfect little trunk case storage.
Reviewed By Gail E (Riverside, CA) Reviewed for a 2005 Jeep Wrangler —8/21/2014 6:16 PM
It fit perfect in the spot in the back of my jeep. A couple of strips of Velcro to make it stay put and it is great.
Reviewed By george f (MESA, AZ) Reviewed for a 2012 Jeep Wrangler —8/9/2014 8:23 PM
I go camping a lot and pull a trailer.It's nice to know my gear is secure and doesn't move.It gives me the ability to stack another layer of gear to the trailer.I would not travel without it.My buddy liked it so much he bought one.
Reviewed By Ray T (AUBURN, CA) Reviewed for a 2014 Jeep Wrangler —2/24/2014 4:40 PM
Bought the BDU camo one and the quality is excellent! Easy install and because it's MOLLE compatible, my other bags that I bought at surplus hang great! I have have a full med kit that is now hanging right there...along with tools.


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Place of origin: Dusseldorf
Country of origin: Germany
Spring Summer 2014
The summer collection 2014 was inspired by a trip to the coast of southern France.
The looks show the feeling of having a relaxing summer day at the beach club and a hot party night in one of the most recent clubs of the city.
Like this the collection presents a lot of posh party dresses but also long silky dresses, perfectly made for the next summer party.
Soft colours like "Nude", "Mauve" and a fascinating "Metallic Silver" will be surrounded by fresh and intensive "Coral" and "Green" shades.
Wonderful metallic laces and pure silk, exotic flower prints are seen in the collection as well as strong black and white jacquards. Extraordinary materials like leather sequins and sequins that change the colours by touching them are building the highlights in this collection.
Flowing fabrics like soft chiffon and silky satins represents the lightness of summer feeling.
The mix with the soft fabrics and new stretch qualities creates a fine and flexible style.
The spirit of this summer collection is the large numbers of possible combinations to express their own individual style. Upgrade the style with the golden sequin jacket or relax the look with a casual soft knitted jersey coat or a cool leather jacket. This season, the mix with the dress makes the look.


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Accommodations near Round House are provided in the list below sorted in the order of their distance (closest first). Search for cheap and discount hotel rates near Round House (Fremantle Australia) for your leisure or groups trips.
We show the best lodging close to Round House so you can review the discounted Fremantle Australia lodging below and find the perfect hotel. Planning a meeting? Save with a Fremantle Australia group hotel deal
Lodging & Accommodations close by Round House
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Treatment of Reproductive System
As with many other body organs, organs of sexual reproduction must also be given the treatment well. Here are some suggestions you can do related to the treatment of reproductive system:
As with many other body organs, organs of sexual reproduction must also be given the treatment well. Here are some suggestions you can do related to the treatment of reproductive system:
* Strive to always maintain your cleanliness. Try to always dry and not humid, due to wet conditions facilitate the outbreak of infection from outside.
* Always wash hands before touching the vagina
* Bath regularly to wash the vagina with warm water and mild soap.
* Practice the correct way to wipe (with a towel or paper towels and water when cleaning), ie from front to back, so that germs are likely to nest in the rectum does not carry over to the pubic region or your reproductive system, which will cause infection, inflammation and itching stimuli.
* Avoid using towels or other people's washlap to dry vagina.
* Always wear clean underwear made of cotton fabric (100%). Other materials such as nylon, polyester and other synthetic materials for instance, absorbs small, will only make a sultry, hot and makes the vagina become moist. These conditions favored the bacteria and fungus to breed on your reproductive system.
* Do not use a particular chemical cleaning tools because it will damage the acidity of the vagina that serves growing the bacteria or germs that enter. Similarly, not allowed to use deodorant or spray washer fluid (douches), harsh soaps, as well as tissue-colored and perfumed. Stimulation of these substances can cause inflammation of the vagina in intercourse and pussy lips with complaints of itching and vaginal discharge.
* For adolescent boys, circumcision is on the tip of the penis is required to maintain the cleanliness of his penis. Some researchers proved the low incidence of cervical cancer in wives whose husbands were circumcised.
* Maintenance of the reproductive system with a portion of the pubic hair shaved regularly, serves to avoid excessive moisture in the vaginal area, which can cause the growth of a fungus or mite causing discomfort and itching for us.
* Do not use tools help to masturbation, as this could cause tearing of the hymen and infections of the vagina or penis.
It is no less important in the treatment of female reproductive system are:
* At the time of menstruation, blood vessels in the uterus are very susceptible to infection, because the vaginal cleanliness must be maintained because the germ is easy to enter and can cause diseases of the reproductive tract.
* During the menstrual pain may arise at the waist and hip, this is caused by stretching the muscles of the uterus.
* To maintain the cleanliness, the maintenance of the reproductive system, use sanitary napkins during menstruation should be replaced regularly 2-3 times or after a shower and urinate.
* If use of the bandage is removed, should be wrapped before disposal into the trash. For other pads (of fabric) should be before washing, using soap soak first in enclosed spaces.
Now, by knowing the correct treatment of reproductive system, is expected to avoid the various diseases that are not desirable. Is not prevention better than cure?
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Virgil Donati
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Junior Member
Join Date: Sep 2005
Posts: 24
Re: Virgil Donati
Thank's Bernhard for that much needed insight. The fact is some people think that their opinion about what is musical and what groove's is ABSOLUTE! I would like to know when did they get together and decide that their opinion is THE TRUTH! When will some people wake up and figure out that they made up their mind's about what suit's them long ago and anything that does not follow suit is not up to par for them. What absolute arrogance and worse off flat out foolishness. I will say it again it is SOME of those who sit at home and wish they were actually making a REAL mark in the drumming and music world and want to be admired by those relevant that make the outrageous comment's about someone not being able to groove or play music. But it is guy's like Virg, Vinnie, Gadd, Minneman, Smith, Lang, Weckl, Bozzio, Phillip's the list goes on and on who all have tremendous admiration for one another and are actually telling the truth when they give Praise to one another. I myself have been in company of Vinnie, Smith, Horacio, Bozzio, Mangini and other's while watching Virg and have gotten a kick out of them being truly blown away by the Man's playing. And then watching Virg, Smith and Mangini hang while being truly moved by Vinnie's performance. Their humility and respect for eachother is truly moving.
Again for those who have a hard time accepting the truth. Virg is admired, respected and held in HIGH regard(and has been for years) by those who truly have left a lasting and positive mark in the drumming world.
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