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Posts Tagged 'Life'
Counter Culture
May 2, 2013 | by Amie Barrodale and Clancy Martin
"I would have said, You're getting there. Now that you said, 'You nailed it,' we can never go to the Bluebird again."
"I was trying to give him a little encouragement," Clancy said.
"Well, you fucked us."
The first restaurant we liked in Iowa City was the Bluebird. It's also the only decent cappuccino in town. We'd go every morning, order our fried eggs, and get three cappuccinos each. The waitresses had to make the cappuccinos themselves. We ordered so many that some of them began to dislike us. One in particular, whom we called Lower East Side. But all of them tried to get away before we had a chance to say, Could we get another.
All, that is, except for a Swingers-looking guy, slightly pudgy, whom we were convinced was gay until Clancy complimented his signet ring. Read More »
On 'Holiday'
November 30, 2011 | by Josh Lieberman
Here's how it begins. You are in a bookstore on the main drag of a small town. You walk along the mystery and western paperback sections, and then you see a wicker basket overflowing with Life magazines. You idly flip through the stack because you know Life was once an important cultural force but have never seen the magazine in person. The copies of Life are musty and torn, and in the middle of the heap you come across something called Holiday. It has the same heft as Life, more than a foot tall and surprisingly heavy, but in place of a black-and-white photograph on the cover there is a colorful swirling yellow illustration of the sun and the words "California Without Cliches." The magazine is from 1965 and you think it would look good on your coffee table. Also the ads are campy and fun ("San Diego Is a See-Do Vacationland!"), so you buy the magazine—why not, it's only a few bucks—and take it home. You turn on the TV and half watch Seinfeld as you flip through for the ads. Then you come upon "Notes from a Native Daughter," the Joan Didion essay you read in college but don't really remember. You read how California is only five hours from New York by jet but really that is just a delusion: "California is somewhere else." Now you are somewhere else. Seinfeld ends and another Seinfeld begins and you read the entire essay and then discover a piece by Ray Bradbury, your old pal from high school English. You read his rhapsodic paean to Disneyland ("No beatniks here. No Cool people with Cool faces pretending not to care, thus swindling themselves out of life or any chance for life"), and you think that's pretty good, too. You head back to the bookstore to see if they have any more issues of Holiday.
Whenever I mention to someone that I've started collecting old issues of Holiday, the excellent yet forgotten monthly travel magazine that was born after World War II and lived until the late seventies, the response generally falls between bafflement and irritation. "Why would you do that?" people ask, as though I've just admitted to hoarding old shoehorns or something truly sinister.
Staff Picks: Life, Summer, Candy
July 8, 2011 | by The Paris Review
I finally picked up Keith Richards's Life the other week, and it's all I want to read when I have a spare moment. —Thessaly La Force
Over the long weekend, I devoured Bella Pollen's The Summer of the Bear—the story of a family moving to an island in the Hebrides following the death of the father, as well as the unraveling mystery of his life—and found it to be the perfect escape. —Sadie Stein
One of the perks of having a kid is making time for books I otherwise wouldn't make time for, especially the classics. Right now, we're working our way through one of my favorites, Black Beauty. A good excuse to dig out my old Breyer set of Black Beauty, Duchess, Ginger, and Merrylegs. —Nicole Rudick
I spent the holiday with friends in New England, and we played many a round of what I've always called "The Book Game" and Dwight Garner calls "The Paperback Game" and, either way, is about the most entertaining game in existence. (Hint: don't play it with Terry Southern's Candy, which has a seventy-word opening sentence. I speak from experience.) —S. S.
Avi Steinberg on Mike Tyson. —T. L.
Thanks to Maud Newton's nostalgia for the Lone Star state (and my own), I'm making nachos this weekend. —N. R.
If you haven't already, read Jose Antonio Vargas's personal confession of being an undocumented immigrant. "We're not always who you think we are. Some pick your strawberries or care for your children. Some are in high school or college. And some, it turns out, write news articles you might read." —T. L.
Don't let these creepy ads for Children's Hospital scare you away—it really is one of the funniest shows on TV this summer. —Cody Wiewandt
The animal kingdom reacts to the Casey Anthony verdict. —Natalie Jacoby


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I volunteer a lot in my community. It's fun. It's fulfilling and I recommend everyone finds a way to be of service to the people in the world around them–we all need a little extra help sometimes. Recently I gave up one of my major volunteer commitments–something I'd done for years, but thanks to restructuring and a few personality conflicts, it just wasn't a good fit any longer.
Now, I've been told before that I do a lot of stuff (kid stuff, craft stuff, writing stuff, volunteering etc). And I do have a big reason for that. I need to be busy, focused and useful. It makes my heart feel good, and without going too deeply religious, I feel very 'called' to use what I have to make life better for the ones around me. So much good comes from doing for others, loving others, and supporting others as they do the same.
Without this particular venue, I'm a little lost at the moment. I could fill this time slot with a host of different things–but I think I need something pretty new and different, so I'm asking!
How do you volunteer? How do you make a difference in your community and the world around you? Give this girl a lead on doing something good. I love to hear the creative ways people prop each other up–it's what keeps the world going.
Take care, stay warm, watch out for bears,
Stephanie Beck

subset: commoncrawl


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News, trends and ideas we're tracking today.
Posts filtered on Category
Report: Deputy resigns after sex assault allegations
A Harris County sheriff's deputy accused of sexually assaulting a woman has reportedly resigned. [Read More]
Three FM 1960 massage parlors raided in prostitution sting
Law officers raided three massage parlors Thursday afternoon on FM 1960 and workers face charges of operating without a license and prostitution, KHOU-TV reports. [Read More]
Door chime alerts homeowner to intruder
Crime Stoppers will pay up to $5,000 for any information that leads to the filing of felony charges against or the arrest of the suspect. [Read More]
Two bodies found in NW Harris apartment
Harris County sheriff's deputies are investigating the deaths of a man and woman inside a northeast Harris County apartment late Sunday. Deputy Thomas Gilliland, a sheriff's office spokesman, said relatives requested a "welfare check" at 3:30 p.m. Sunday at The Club at Stablechase apartments at 13504 Schroeder near northbound Texas 249. Deputies who responded called […] [Read More]


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1. reaching - noun
· the act of physically reaching or thrusting out
Hypernym(s): motion, movement, move, motility
2. reaching - noun
· accomplishment of an objective
Synonym(s): arrival
Hypernym(s): accomplishment, achievement
3. reach - verb
· reach a destination, either real or abstract; "We hit Detroit by noon"; "The water reached the doorstep"; "We barely made it to the finish line"; "I have to hit the MAC machine before the weekend starts"
Synonym(s): make, attain, hit, arrive_at, gain
4. reach - verb
· reach a point in time, or a certain state or level; "The thermometer hit 100 degrees"; "This car can reach a speed of 140 miles per hour"
Hypernym(s): arrive, get, come
5. reach - verb
· move forward or upward in order to touch; also in a metaphorical sense; "Government reaches out to the people"
Synonym(s): reach_out
Hypernym(s): move
6. reach - verb
· be in or establish communication with; "Our advertisements reach millions"; "He never contacted his children after he emigrated to Australia"
Synonym(s): get_through, get_hold_of, contact
Hypernym(s): communicate, intercommunicate
7. reach - verb
· to gain with effort; "she achieved her goal despite setbacks"
Synonym(s): achieve, accomplish, attain
Hypernym(s): succeed, win, come_through, bring_home_the_bacon, deliver_the_goods
8. reach - verb
· to extend as far as; "The sunlight reached the wall"; "Can he reach?"; "The chair must not touch the wall"
Hypernym(s): be
9. reach - verb
· reach a goal; "make the first team"; "We made it!"; "She may not make the grade"
Synonym(s): make, get_to, progress_to
Hypernym(s): achieve, accomplish, attain, reach
10. reach - verb
· place into the hands or custody of; "hand me the spoon, please"; "Turn the files over to me, please"; "He turned over the prisoner to his lawyers"
Synonym(s): pass, hand, pass_on, turn_over, give
Hypernym(s): transfer
11. reach - verb
· to exert much effort or energy; "straining our ears to hear"
Hypernym(s): tug, labor, labour, push, drive
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Wayne Allen
PDT Staff Writer
On Tuesday in the general election, Scioto County voters chose Jerry Buckler as the Scioto County Court of Common Pleas Domestic Relations Court Judge. Since the election, Buckler is beginning to shape what his court will look like.
He said since the election the support has, "been overwhelming, I'm starting to realize we put forth a strong effort and my whole team worked very hard. Now the hard part is just beginning," Buckler said. "I'm going to have to assemble a team, there are some hiring I'll have to make. All of this has to be done by January 2nd."
He said there were many keys for him to win the election.
"Having been a former teacher and a teacher at Shawnee State and all of the different activities I've done through the county helped me win this election. People got to know me through those activities," Buckler said. "Now the hard part some into play, once you win an election like this, you realize you are going to be responsible for lives. The issues that come before the domestic relations court are very serious and I have to be a reasonable person and make reasonable decisions."
Buckler said once he take office he is going to be a caring and compassionate judge.
"I'm going to rely on my legal training and my unique experiences and background to help me make informed, fair reasonable decisions," Buckler said.
He said among the many things that need to be done before the takes office is closing his private law office and hiring a staff.
"I have a couple of people in mind for positions. I'm planing to circulate an email through the bar association that I will be taking applications for the position of magistrate," Buckler said.
He said his personnel hires have to be done prior to his swearing in.
"I will want all of these positions filled by that time, they will be sworn in the same day I'm sworn in. I would assume my swearing in would be in December. We are working on arranging that as well." Buckler said.
Buckler said he has asked Portsmouth Municipal Court Judge Steven Mowery to swear him into office.
"He's been a mentor of mine, a good friend of mine and he is the judge that I'm assigned to as an assistant city prosecutor," Buckler said.
He said the details of the swearing in will be forthcoming.
Buckler said once in office he plans to hit the ground running.
"I want to help facilitate the limitations of time. Time is the big problem in that court in that a case can be in that court to long. I want to do what ever I can do to help move things along more smoothly," Buckler said. "I also want to give the judge, or me, more difficult cases. As opposed to letting the magistrate handle them."
Buckler said he and his staff will have their hands full from day one.
"I am very hopeful that Judge Willis and his staff will make this transition smooth. It's necessary for that to happen for me to hit the ground running."
Buckler also currently serves as a member of the Valley School Board. Buckler said he will have to resign that position prior to taking office. He has served nine years of the Valley School Board.
"My whole life has been about children and being on that board of education has been very important to me. I will definitely miss that, I've just been entrusted with an even bigger job now and I think I can help children even more," Buckler said.
Wayne Allen may be reached at 740-353-3101, ext. 228, or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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MMA News
McKenzie vs. Riley & Tavares vs. Yang Latest Additions To UFC on FUEL TV 3
First things first, this bout between Brad Tavares and Dongi Yang should deliver some good action. Both men are finishers at heart and this will likely roll over into this upcoming matchup.
Tavares has only had one victory go to decision and holds to his credit four-wins by TKO or KO and two by submission. Dongi on the other hand opened his career with a huge nine-fight finishing streak on the Korean and Japanese circuits which earned him his spot in the UFC.
This is a hard match to call, it's really any man's game in my eyes. Yang is a thick guy with heavy hands and a good ground and pound game and Tavares is also heavy handed with an aggressive attack.
While I frown on anything to do with MMA Math, the two fighters do share one common opponent in Court McGee. Analyzing this fight based on the common opponent you would give the edge to Yang. Even though they both lost to McGee, Yang had more success than Tavares against The Ultimate Fighter winner and took the fight to decision, while Tavares lost via submission in the third round of their Ultimate Fighter semi-finals match.
Tavares stands about two inches taller and holds a one-inch reach advantage over the Korean Top Team fighter, he likely walks around heavier as well, which gives him the obvious size advantage.
Does size help in fights? It absolutely does when fighters are so evenly matched and because of that I am picking Tavares to win by being the bigger man. I don't see either getting finished in this bout, but the fact that these two always look for the kill should really deliver for the fans.
Continue to next page for the "Editors Breakdown and prediction for the second announced fight."
Read More: UFC on FUEL TV, Brad Tavares (News), Dongi Yang (News), Cody McKenzie (News), Aaron Riley (News)
One Response to "McKenzie vs. Riley & Tavares vs. Yang Latest Additions To UFC on FUEL TV 3"
Simpson Out wrestled Tavares? … I guess, be4 that fight I thought Tavares was a chumpski nothing but heavy hands & no gas tank
Ray Sefo is turning his guys into freaks with their TDD! Aaron had nothing to offer he got 90% of his wrestling shut down Tavares couldn't mount much offense, but I'm a huge fan now he looked PHENOMENAL vs such a highly touted wrastler, Yang is in TROUBLE
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The girls have been out of school for a couple weeks now. And we have been spending a lot of time at the pool. I have one of those indestructible cameras and gave it to the girls to play with while swimming in the pool. Here's what I found on the memory card.
One of Syd's friends caught her right after she dove off the diving board.
Syd with her friends Jozlyne (left) and Abby Grace (center). Syd's on the right.
One of Syd's typical cameral poses.
Then Layne and her friend had a turn.
Layne gives it a thumbs up. LOL!
We leave in just a few days for Florida. We are going to spend a couple days at Sea World, a couple days with Jess's dad, and a couple days with my family. I'm excited, Jess is excited, and the girls are excited. I love road trips. It's going to be fun! I'm going to bring my camera. :D
The summer just started. I love summer!


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Doctor Who Section:
Action Figures
Planet Mars
Russia in Space
Space Shuttle
Space Station
Space Women
Star Wars
Main Categories
Wars Poster
Doctor Who books section includes a variety of novels, annual book,
children's books, books on tardis,
dictionary and
Check shipping before ordering.
Selection of Doctor Who to view or buy.
Celebrate the rebirth of the UK's number one family drama
series with this lavish hardback, containing everything
you need to know about the Eleventh Doctor�s first year.
Explore Amy Pond�s home village, Leadworth, read a lost
section from Churchill's memoirs that covers his
adventures with the Doctor, and learn all about the legend
of the Weeping Angels. See how the Constant Warrior
protected the Pandorica for almost 2,000 years, how the
monsters are made and discover the trade secrets of
writing a thrilling Doctor Who script. Plus interviews
with all of the key players and a few secret celebrity
Including contributions from executive producer Steven
Moffat, stars Matt Smith and Karen Gillan, and
scriptwriters Mark Gatiss and Gareth Roberts, among
others, and packed with beautiful original illustrations
and never-before-seen pictures, The Brilliant Book of
Doctor Who is the ultimate companion to the world's most
successful science fiction series.
Featuring the full first
series of Matt Smith starring as the Eleventh Doctor, in
BBC One's hit television show, Doctor Who! With original
comic strips and an exciting new story, as well as puzzles
and features on all your favourite episodes, characters
and aliens. The Official Doctor Who Annual 2011 is a must
for any fan and a true collector's item!
�There are dark tides running through the universe...�
Miggea � a star on the very edge of reality. The cusp
between this universe and the next. A point where
space-time has worn thin, and is in danger of
collapsing... And the venue for the grand finals of the
competition to win the fabled Arrow of Law. The Doctor and
Amy have joined the Terraphiles � a group obsessed with
all aspects of Earth�s history, and dedicated to
re-enacting ancient sporting events. They are determined
to win the Arrow. But just getting to Miggea proves
tricky. Reality is collapsing, ships are disappearing, and
Captain Cornelius and his pirates are looking for easy
pickings. Even when they arrive, the Doctor and Amy�s
troubles won�t be over. They have to find out who is so
desperate to get the Arrow of Law that they will kill for
it. And uncover the traitor on their own team. And win the
contest fair and square. And, of course, they need to save
the universe from total destruction. A thrilling, all-new
adventure featuring the Doctor and Amy, as played by Matt
Smith and Karen Gillan in the spectacular hit series from
BBC Television written by the acclaimed science fiction
and fantasy author Michael Moorcock.
A fantastic
Doctor Who giftbook with its very own exclusive sonic
screwdriver encased in the book. Based on the new BBC One
series of Doctor Who, featuring Matt Smith as the Eleventh
Doctor. Shine the exclusive sonic screwdriver light into
the TARDIS Database to reveal secret facts and messages
hidden within its pages. The ultra-violet light on the
sonic screwdriver reveals extra information in invisible
ink. With facts and stats on one hundred and seventy
aliens, planets and people across the universe, this is an
invaluable guide for anyone travelling through time and
Doctor Who The Visual Dictionary (Dr
Who) [Hardcover] by Neil Corry (Author), Jacqueline
Rayner, Andrew Darling (Author), Kerrie Dougherty, Kerrie
Dougherty, David John, Simon Beecroft (September 2010)
Discover the secrets of the mysterious
time traveller, in Doctor Who The Visual Dictionary A
lavishly illustrated guide to all the characters, aliens,
monsters, locations and technology of all 5 Doctor Who
series plus, get the lowdown on the new Doctor, Matt
Smith. Specially commissioned cross-section artworks
expose the inner workings of the Dalek Emperor�s Flagship
and the Doctor�s sonic screwdriver. New photography
reveals more in-depth details, from the fascinating aliens
to the demise of the Time Lords and all-new characters
including the formidable Donna Noble and the deadly
Toclafane. Perfect for fans of the Doctor everywhere!
Doctor Who: Night of the
Humans [Hardcover] by David Llewellyn (April 2010)
�This is the Gyre � the most
hostile environment in the galaxy...� 250,000 years� worth
of junk floating in deep space, home to the shipwrecked
Sittuun, the carnivorous Sollogs, and worst of all � the
Humans. The Doctor and Amy arrive on this terrifying world
in the middle of an all-out frontier war between Sittuun
and Humans, and the countdown has already started. There�s
a comet in the sky, and it�s on a collision course with
the Gyre... When the Doctor is kidnapped, it�s up to Amy
and �galaxy-famous swashbuckler� Dirk Slipstream to save
the day. But who is Slipstream, exactly? And what is he
really doing here? A thrilling, all new adventure
featuring the Doctor and Amy, as played by Matt Smith and
Karen Gillan in the spectacular hit series from BBC
The Doctor has his TARDIS to get him from place to place
and time to time, but the rest of the Universe relies on
more conventional transport. From the British Space
Programme of the late twentieth century to Earth's Empire
in the far future, from the terrifying Dalek Fleet to
deadly Cyber Ships, this book documents the many starships
and spacestations that the Doctor and his companions have
encountered on their travels. In this
stunningly-illustrated book, Doctor Who historian Justin
Richards documents the amazing story of Earth's ventures
into space, examines the many alien fleets who have paid
Earth a visit, and explores the other starships and
spacestations that the Doctor has encountered on his many
'For a few moments
this afternoon, it rained on the moon...' An astronaut in
full spacesuit appears out of thin air in a busy shopping
centre. Maybe it�s a publicity stunt. A photo shows a
well-dressed woman in a red coat lying dead at the edge of
a crater on the dark side of the moon � beside her beloved
dog �Poochie�. Maybe it�s a hoax. But as the Doctor and
Amy find out, these are just minor events in a sinister
plan to take over every human being on earth. The plot
centres on a secret military base on the moon � that�s
where Amy and the TARDIS are. The Doctor is back on Earth,
and without the TARDIS there�s no way he can get to the
moon to save Amy and defeat the aliens. Or is there? The
Doctor discovers one last great secret that could save
humanity: Apollo 23. A thrilling, all new adventure
featuring the Doctor and Amy, as played by Matt Smith and
Karen Gillan in the spectacular hit series from BBC
Station 7 is where the
Earth Forces send all the equipment captured in their
unceasing war against the Daleks. It's where Dalek
technology is analyzed and examined. It's where the Doctor
and Amy have just arrived. But somehow the Daleks have
found out about Station 7 - and there's something there
that they want back! With the Doctor increasingly worried
about the direction the Station's research is taking, the
commander of Station 7 knows he has only one possible,
desperate defense. Because the last terrible secret of
Station 7 is that they don't only store captured Dalek
technology - it's also a prison. And the only thing that
might stop a Dalek is another Dalek! An epic, full-color
graphic novel featuring the Doctor and Amy, as played by
Matt Smith and Karen Gillan in the spectacular hit series
from BBC Television.
�Let me tell you a story. Long ago, in the frozen Arctic
wastes, an alien army landed. Only now, 10,000 years
later, it isn�t a story. And the army is ready to attack.�
New York � one of the greatest cities on 21st century
Earth... But what�s going on in the Museum? And is that
really a Woolly Mammoth rampaging down Broadway? An
ordinary day becomes a time of terror, as the Doctor and
Amy meet a new and deadly enemy. The vicious Army of the Vykoid are armed to the teeth and determined to enslave
the human race. Even though they�re only seven centimetres
high. With the Vykoid army swarming across Manhattan and
sealing it from the world with a powerful alien force
field, Amy has just 24 hours to find the Doctor and save
the city. If she doesn�t, the people of Manhattan will be
taken to work in the doomed asteroid mines of the Vykoid
home planet. But as time starts to run out, who can she
trust? And how far will she have to go to free New York
from the Forgotten Army? A thrilling, all new adventure
featuring the Doctor and Amy, as played by Matt Smith and
Karen Gillan in the spectacular hit series from BBC
Also try:
Doctor Who Dvd,
Doctor Who Action Figures,
Doctor Who Toys,
Any suggestions or comments on AeroSpaceGuide's Doctor Who Books Page,
click on
Contact Info.
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Space Shop Home Page
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Updated: Tuesday 1st, April, 2014


text: Have a look at gated or zebra. They are both in the ports tree afaik. Zebra has some good info at www.zebra.org . Andrew. -- Andrew Shugg <andrew_(_at_)_neep_(_dot_)_com_(_dot_)_au> http://www.neep.com.au/ "Just remember Basil, there's always someone worse off than yourself." "Oh, really? I'd like to meet him ... I could do with a good laugh." [ Sybil and Basil Fawlty, "Fawlty Towers" ]


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Waxhaw votes to censure Gardner
The Waxhaw Board of Commissioners voted unanimously to censure Mayor Daune Gardner Tuesday.
Robert Parker was the sole speaker during public comments. He said he is a 77-year resident of Waxhaw. He worried for the safety of his grandchildren and other young people who walk, bike or skateboard on town streets.
"You need help. You've got a drinking problem, Ms. Gardner," Parker said. "With all due respect, you need help."
He went on, saying she should "be tarred and feathered" and "run out of town" for the embarrassment caused to the town.
Gardner recused herself and Mayor Pro Tem Erin Kirkpatrick presided over a vote to censure the mayor and to direct staff to have a third party to look into the issues. Both passed by unanimous vote.
Commissioner Michael Stewart commented, saying that everyone should form their opinions once all facts are available. Several weeks ago, the town manager expressed concerns to the board "including but not limited to" the mayor's expenses. The board was in the process of deciding what action to take when Gardner was arrested for DWI.
"The issues will all be combined into the censure process," Stewart said. "Some of those are dereliction of duty, failure to abide by the policies, procedures, codes and laws that she herself signed into action and swore on a Bible to uphold in addition to the laws of the land she has recently broken which we all must follow as responsible citizens of society."
He did not ask her to step down.
"I believe anyone with an ounce of shame, decency, dignity or respect for themselves, the town and the people they represent would have already done so," Stewart said.
The action was not a political ploy, Stewart said, but was the commission's duty to the town's residents.
"The mayor has become a detrimental liability to Waxhaw in more ways than one," Stewart said. "She has done nothing more this term to lead this town and to lead this board than to occasionally wield a gavel."
Commissioner Sean Poccia said he was honored when Gardner asked him to run for town council in 2011.
"I was a little bit in awe," he said.
He put her on a pedestal, he said.
"As I got to know here, I gave her credit for being of the highest ethical standards," he said. "And I was personally devisdated over the last year of seeing how the mayor has conducted herself."
Many residents asked the board to remove Gardner, but that was not possible, Poccia said.
Gardner was visibly upset during commissioners statements but said nothing in her defense. Hours before the commission meeting, Gardner released the following statement:
"As you may know, on 9 June, I was accused of a traffic law violation. Those accusations are being addressed through our legal system as is done for any other citizen of our state and town.
"Please remember that anyone is innocent until proven otherwise. I am and will follow proper, legal process. My lack of response until now is based upon advice most receive in this type of situation and has been intended to allow an objective and fair approach to the circumstances. The system must be allowed to work for me just as it would for any one of you.
"It is within the scope of the responsibilities of the board of commissioners to explore any potential violation of the town's ethics policy. However, any findings, regardless of the situation, should be based on one's performance of official duties and not subjected to hearsay, rumors, innuendo, or libelous or slanderous statements.
"I want to make it clear that I do not intend to leave the position that the citizens of Waxhaw elected me to fulfill. Rest assured that I will continue to perform my duties as your mayor with the same vigor, grace and poise as should be required of any elected official.
"I would like to express my sincere thanks to those who have offered words of encouragement and support and who have spoken up on my behalf because they know my character, accomplishments and vision for the town of Waxhaw."


text:
Mass. Gaming Commission Weighs Opening Southeast Region
The state gambling commission has heard from advocates and opponents of extending an Indian tribe's exclusive right to develop a casino in southeastern Massachusetts.
The commission met Thursday at Bristol Community College in Fall River as it considers opening the region to commercial bidders


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Tuesday, October 16, 2012
Art Central Gallery turns 14 years old this month and will celebrate with a birthday cake during Third Thursdays Art Walk tomorrow evening, October 18. The public is invited to visit the gallery to see all of the new pieces that the artists have created for this big event. 11 painters, one photographer and one jeweler are co-owners of the gallery. They also offer turtle pottery, sweetgrass baskets, carved walking sticks and unique handmade pens.
The featured artist for October is Delaine Walters who paints watercolors, oils and batiks. Art Central is now open late every Thursday evening (until 8 p.m.), up until Christmas.
For a list of updated events at Art Central, including Third Thursday Art Walks, visit www.artcgalleryltd.com or call 843-871-0297. 130 (Short) Central Ave. (just south of Richardson), Summerville, SC 29483.
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» Business
More Chinese firms look abroad to list
Publication Date : 15-01-2013
Golden Wheel's decision to postpone its overseas public listing looks to have paid off for the Chinese developer.
Its initial public offering (IPO) debut in Hong Kong last Thursday netted HK$756 million (US$98 million), boosted by strong investor appetite which allowed the company to price its IPO at the upper end of the indicative price range.
The developer had planned to list by the end of last year but postponed the move amid uncertainty about market demand.This surge in investor interest in China's growth story this year has extended to other markets like the United States, which had earlier been convulsed by a spate of accounting scandals involving listed Chinese firms.
Nasdaq-listed social media firm YY Inc has seen its share price rise over 40 per cent since it went public last November. YY was one of just two Chinese listings in the US last year, capping one of the worst years for Chinese IPOs overseas since 2003.
But things are turning around. Recovering stock markets, along with Beijing's move to ease restrictions on local firms listing abroad, could boost overseas IPOs by Chinese firms in Hong Kong, the US, Europe and Singapore. "With the global economy likely to stabilise in 2013, Chinese IPOs overseas will likely reverse their slump," said market research firm ChinaVenture analyst Li Ling.
Last year, just 71 companies listed overseas, raising a total of 64.6 billion yuan (US$10.3 billion). That is about half the amount raised by 104 firms in 2011. The number is likely to jump this year, although it will be nowhere near the 2010 peak, added Li. That year, a record 110 Chinese firms raised 16 per cent of the global IPO proceeds.
Still, others are expecting a strong showing. "On the global front, China is expected to lead the IPO market for 2013," said Deloitte Singapore's chief of operations for clients and markets Ernest Kan.
Beijing opened the doors for more overseas listings last month by easing the "456" threshold.
Firms no longer need at least 400 million yuan of net assets, US$50 million of financing and 60 million yuan of net profits to qualify. Regulators did so to ease the backlog of well over 800 Chinese firms waiting to list at home.
The queue grew after new IPO approvals were frozen from October last year to avoid further destabilising the Shanghai market - one of the world's worst-performing bourses for most of last year.
Rather than wait at least three years to list at home, some firms with urgent fund-raising needs may look overseas, said Li. Singapore is among the markets that could benefit from this.
"With the relaxation of overseas listing rules, we would expect to see the growth of (Chinese) big-ticket IPOs in Singapore over the next few years," said Dr Kan. In China, industries such as energy and resources, agriculture, manufacturing and real estate are "bound to have sizeable candidates seeking a listing overseas".
"Deloitte has some of these China-based companies in our pipeline, seeking a listing on the Singapore Exchange (SGX)," he added. The firm expects 20 to 30 IPOs on SGX this year, some of which could be from China. One China-based firm that has already indicated plans to list on SGX this year is developer Qingjian Group's Singapore unit. It reportedly hopes to raise S$125 million (US$102 million).
Last year, SGX said it had "four companies with operations in China listed". Said SGX's head of listings Lawrence Wong: "We have been in active dialogue with Chinese companies interested in tapping our international pool of funds."
SGX will be competing against Hong Kong - the top destination for Chinese IPOs last year with some 58 companies raising 63.2 billion yuan there, although the IPO proceeds were 44 per cent lower than in 2011. This year, it is likely to see 80 IPOs - up from 65 last year - with a number from mainland- based firms, according to a forecast by PricewaterhouseCoopers. Just last week, Sinopec Engineering, a unit of a state-owned petroleum giant, reportedly applied for a US$1.5 billion IPO.
The US is seen as another favoured destination.
"China's new-tech sectors are more based on new concepts, rather than profit models (which) the US market is more willing to accept than Hong Kong," said Yiguang International consultancy analyst Huang Meng.
Qianinfo Consulting senior analyst Lin Xiaoli noted that firms "in the new sectors like fast-growing high-tech, education, new energy, health care and life sciences are widely welcomed in the US".
In Europe, where nine Chinese firms went public last year, energy, mining and infrastructure attract interest. But it is getting harder to list in the West, amid fraud scandals at several listed Chinese firms and US regulators' probes of Chinese auditors. Lin said: "Especially in the recent two years, China stocks performed dismally after IPO, bruising US and Europe markets' receptiveness to China listings."
Other markets including Singapore have been hit by corporate governance scandals at Chinese firms. SGX sought to attract larger, quality listings by raising mainboard admission standards from last August.
Still, Li is hopeful rising Chinese stocks like YY and online retailer Vipshop in the US will "ease investors' negativity" and revive interest in new stock offerings. Vipshop, whose stock price has doubled since its listing last March, was the top-performing Internet IPO in the US last year.
Distrust in Chinese stocks will take time to dissipate, acknowledged well-known Chinese venture capitalist Lee Kai-fu, in a recent commentary in financial magazine Caixin. "But in the next year, we will still be able to see (a) gradual return of confidence to the market," he wrote, as long as no new scandals erupt among overseas-listed Chinese companies.
» Other Business
● NEW YORK: Madame Chiang Kai-shek's New York estate up for sale
● JAKARTA: Indonesia AirAsia to increase international flights
● HANOI: Vietnam accuses US of flooding stores with cheap chicken
● MANILA: More Filipinos upbeat about economy, survey shows
● PETALING JAYA: Maybank opens branch in Myanmar
● YANGON: Private airlines offer free cargo services to Myanmar's flooded areas
● PETALING JAYA: Pressure on ringgit remains unabated
● SINGAPORE: Singapore's Marina Square eateries still reeling from rat incident
● LONDON: London is looking to Chinese firms for more IPO business
● SEOUL: Korea tops ratio of underpaid workers in major economies
● SEOUL: Korean pharmaceutical companies lag in research
● MAUI, Hawaii: TPP failure could spell trouble for other trade talks
● SEOUL: Samsung Pay in the offing
● BEIJING: HK bans Taiwan sandwich brand
● SEOUL: Lotte chairman strives to soothe citizens over feud
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● MANILA: Aquino: I can retire now
● NEW YORK: Madame Chiang Kai-shek's New York estate up for sale
● KUALA LUMPUR: Philippines wants South China Sea talks despite China's reluctance
● SINGAPORE: Veteran journalist questions Najib's failure to explain accounts early on
● TAIPEI: Anonymous attacks Taiwan govt and party websites
● PETALING JAYA: Fourth MACC officer hauled up over 1MDB probe
● KUALA LUMPUR: Najib calls for strong 'Third Force' in Asia
● MAUI, Hawaii: TPP failure could spell trouble for other trade talks
● KUALA LUMPUR: Addressing maritime issue will take time, says China
● MANILA: More Filipinos upbeat about economy, survey shows
● BANGKOK: Rejection of draft charter may delay Thai polls to 2017
● SINGAPORE: Keeping Manila on a 'straight path'


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text:
A sonar system and method of use capable of discriminating a direct acoustic signal present at 60 dB or more above the acoustic echo signal.
1. An active sonar system for detecting object(s) in water comprising:
a transmitter capable of continuously transmitting an acoustic signal, comprising a transmit spatial null steering beamforming array, said transmit spatial null steering array forming a transmit spatial null in the direction of said receiver;
a receiver comprising an array of hydrophones having beam forming capability to suppress signals in the direction of the said transmitter, and capable of receiving a reflected acoustic echo of said acoustic signal from said object(s), and a direct acoustic signal from said transmitter;
wherein said receiver is capable of discriminating between said direct acoustic signal and said acoustic echo signal it receives from said object while said transmitter is transmitting; and
whereby said direct acoustic path signal from said transmitter to said receiver is attenuated by both said transmit spatial null and said receive array.
2. The active sonar system of claim wherein said transmitter is continuously transmitting said acoustic signal.
3. The active sonar system of
4. The active sonar system of
5. The active sonar system of
6. The active sonar system of
7. The active sonar system of
8. The active sonar system of
9. The active sonar system of
10. The active sonar system of
11. The active sonar system of
12. The active sonar system of
13. The active sonar system of
14. The active sonar system of
15. The active sonar system of
16. The active sonar system according to
17. The active sonar system according to
18. A method for detecting sonar signals comprising:
transmitting an acoustic signal utilizing a transmit spatial null steering beamforming array;
receiving, utilizing an array of hydrophones having beam forming capability to suppress signals in the direction of the said transmitter during said transmission of said acoustic signal, a reflected acoustic echo of said acoustic signal from object(s), as well as directly receiving said acoustic signal;
processing a signal of said acoustic echo and said direct acoustic signal in a manner to discriminate between said acoustic echo signal and said direct signal x hen said direct acoustic signal is present at 60 dB or more above the acoustic echo signal.
19. The method according to
20. The method according to
21. The method according to
22. A method for detecting sonar signals comprising:
generating an acoustic waveform;
performing waveform shaping;
transmitting said waveform acoustically;
directly receiving said acoustic waveform and reflected echoes of said acoustic waveform;
performing temporal frequency rejection on said received acoustic waveforms;
attenuating said directly received acoustic waveform by both an array of hydrophones having beam forming capability to suppress signals in the direction of the said transmitter and a transmit spatial null in the direction of said receive spatial null steering beamforming array.
23. The method according to
This is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/953,300, filed Sep. 29, 2004 now U.S. Pat No. 7,106,656 which claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. ¶1119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/506,507, filed on 29 Sep. 2003.
The present invention is generally related to Sonars. In particular, it is related to an active sonar system capable of receiving and transmitting sound signals simultaneously.
SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation under water to navigate or to detect objects in or on the water. As Is known in the art, there are two types of sonar: passive and active. Passive sonar seeks to detect an object target by listening for the sound emanating from the object being sought. Active sonar creates a pulse of sound, and then listens for reflections of the pulse from a target object. To determine the distance to the target, elapsed time from emission of a pulse to reception is measured. To determine the directional bearing, several hydrophones are used to measure the relative arrival time to each in a process called beam forming
The ability of a system to detect desired sound, or 'signal', in the presence of interfering sound, (i.e. noise or reverberation) is generally referred to as its 'Recognition Differential' (RD). RD is defined as the Signal-to-Interference ratio at which the system can, with some specific probability (usually taken at 50%), detect the signal while not exceeding a specified probability of false alert. RD is usually expressed in Decibels (dB). The lower the RD, the better the system performs.
It has been shown that the longer the 'look' or processing time, the lower the RD (see for analysis Burdic. W. S., Underwater Acoustic System Analysis, Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs. N.J., 1984). Since passive sonar systems can always be in a listening or 'receive' mode, and generally seek target signature components that are continuously radiating, they are able to use many minutes of processing time and thus to achieve very low RDs. By contrast, conventional active sonar systems typically use short pulse type transmissions and their receive processing time is therefore limited to a very few seconds, or even only fractions of a second. Consequently, active sonar RDs are generally 10 to 30 dB higher than those of passive systems; this is equivalent to one to three orders of magnitude in linear terms.
Conventional active sonars are typically limited to relatively short duration pulse type transmissions for a number of reasons. One reason is that in some environments unwanted reverberation builds up as transmission times Increases; this is particularly relevant to limited bandwidth systems in shallow water environments. A more fundamental reason is that most active sonars systems cannot receive while they are transmitting. Often, this is because they use the same device, (called a 'transducer'), to both transmit and receive, and transducers cannot do both at the same time. Such systems are necessarily 'mono-static', meaning that their transmissions and receptions take place at one location. (Note that the converse is not necessarily true; some mono-static systems use co-located but separate devices for transmission & reception.) Most generally however, the inability to receive while transmitting is because active sonar transmission levels are inevitably so much higher than the levels of the echoes being sought that the acoustic transmit level overloads, or at least effectively 'jams', the receiver being used. This is even true for most so-called bi- or multi-static systems, where transmitting & receiving are done by separate devices located some distance apart.
It would be desirable to have a sonar system that would permit substantially continuous stream of incoming data that would not be limited to highly direction transmitters or high frequencies, particularly in sonar systems dedicated to the detection of targets, such as submarines, which are seeking to escape detection.
In prior art, U.S. Pat. No. 5,150,335 by Hoffman describes a waveform generation and processing technique that could be used to resolve Doppler and range ambiguity using interrupted frequency modulation for continuously transmitting sonar. Hoffman, however, does not address linearity and rejection criteria and therefore fails to teach those elements necessary to effectively to detect echoes while transmitting.
Teel et al., on the other hand, address in U.S. Pat. No. 4,961,174 the need for acoustic isolation from the transmitter and receiver and does so with physical vertical separation requiring a strong acoustic layer not processing rejection as in this approach and is therefore limited to relatively few specific environments (e.g., deeper water applications) and can be avoided by an intelligently operated object such as a submarine. U.S. Pat. No. 6,128,249 by Sullivan discusses a method of continuously transmitting by using sequences of tones each separated sufficiently in frequency to avoid interference. Sullivan like Hoffman does not address linearity and rejection criteria, and the series of tones used by Sullivan fail to permit effective range resolution and reverberation rejection.
In sum, the art fails to show how to effectively discriminate between signals that sonar receives from its own transmitter and echoes from the intended target subject to certain linearity and rejection requirements.
The present invention involves an active sonar system capable of continuously receiving while transmitting. Further provided is a method of operating the sonar system subject to a unique set of linearity and rejection requirements. The system's receiver may discriminate (in bearing, range, and/or frequency) between the signal it receives from its own transmitter and the reflected signals, or echoes, it receives from the intended target(s) even while the system is transmitting. The sonar provides improved differential gains in reverberation and noise and rapid target detection.
One embodiment involves an active sonar system for detecting object(s) in water. The system comprises a transmitter capable of continuously transmitting an acoustic signal; a receiver capable of receiving a reflected acoustic echo of said acoustic signal from said object(s), and a direct acoustic signal from said transmitter. The receiver is capable of discriminating between the direct acoustic signal and the acoustic echo signal it receives from the object while the transmitter is transmitting. The discrimination can occur when the direct acoustic signal is present at 60 dB or more above the acoustic echo signal.
Another embodiment provides a method for detecting sonar signals. The method involves transmitting an acoustic signal. During the transmission of the acoustic signal, a receiver receives a reflected acoustic echo of the acoustic signal from object(s), as well as directly receiving the acoustic signal. A signal of the acoustic echo and the direct acoustic signal are processed in a manner to discriminate between the acoustic echo signal and the direct signal when the direct acoustic signal is present at 60 dB or more above the acoustic echo signal.
Still another embodiment provides method for detecting sonar signals comprising: generating a waveform; performing waveform shaping to avoid signal discontinuities; transmitting the waveform acoustically; directly receiving the acoustic waveform and reflected echoes of the acoustic waveform; performing temporal frequency rejection on the received acoustic waveforms; and optionally performing the step of spatially filtering the received acoustic waveform; and optionally tracking the detected reflected echoes.
The present invention involves an active "receive-while-transmit (RWT)" sonar system capable of continuously receiving while transmitting, and provides a method of operating the sonar system subject to linearity and rejection requirements according to the invention. The system's receiver discriminates (in bearing, range, and/or frequency) between the signal it receives from its own transmitter and the reflected signals, or echoes, it receives from the intended target(s) even while the system is transmitting. This is accomplished by incorporating into the system a receiver having a large dynamic range (the ratio of minimum to maximum input levels over which the receiver's output level remains linearly proportional to the level of the receiver's input), as explained in more detail below.
Ship-board electronics 30 is shown in more detail in
In an aspect of an embodiment shown in
Receiver 20 receives signal directly 80 from its own transmitter 40 as well as echo signal 70 reflected from object 60. The receiver may comprise a vector sensor or an array of vector sensors. The receiver has a dynamic range greater than about 80 dB and is capable of discriminating between the direct acoustic signal and the acoustic echo signal it receives from the object while the transmitter is transmitting. The object may be still or in motion. In an aspect of the invention, the discrimination can occur when the direct acoustic signal is present at 60 dB or more above the acoustic echo signal. The discrimination capability is achieved by temporal frequency filtering and spatial filtering which attenuates the direct signal, as described further below.
An embodiment of the system shown in
In one aspect, for the system receiver 20 to be able to discriminate (in bearing, range, and/or frequency) between the direct signal 80 it receives from its own transmitter 40 and the echoes 70 it receives from the intended target(s) 60 even while the system is transmitting, two conditions must be met: in one aspect, the acoustic level received at the receiver may not exceed (or at least may not significantly exceed) the sum of the receiver's Minimum Detectable Signal dictated by the acceptable sea noise floor plus its Dynamic Range; that is, the received level may not overload the receiver. This aspect will be referred to as the 'linearity' requirement (or leveling) of the invention. Second, the receiver must be capable of sufficiently rejecting, in either or both the bearing and frequency domains, the transmitted signal so that it does not raise detection thresholds in the receiver's search domain. That is, the system must not 'jam' itself in the direction(s) and frequency regimes in which it seeks to obtain an echo from the target. This other aspect may be referred to as the 'rejection' requirement and it can generally be accomplished through a combination of beam/filter shading to attain adequate side lobe control and adaptive/notched filtering to further discriminate against the levels received directly from the transmitter.
The linearity requirement of such embodiment is shown in
where LS—Source Level in Direction of Target
As an exemplary typical system, consider a 2 KHz (2000 Hertz) transmitter array of approximately 20 elements (hydrophones) designed to provide an approximately 225 dB source level, functionally comparable to an array operated with a high dynamic range towed array. Assuming LS=225 dB, DR=120 dB, TN=25 dB, TL=40 dB, NL=50 dB, and the above linearity relationship shows
Hence, the linearity requirement is satisfied. It will be known to those skilled in the art that several of the loss terms used above is conservative. For example, most bi-static or multi-static configurations involve transmission losses of 50 dB to 80 dB vs. the 40 dB value used here, thus negating the need for transmit null steering or baffles. Similarly, as frequency is reduced, sea noise, and therefore Minimum Detectable signal Level is increased, again reducing the need for null transmit steering and/or baffles.
It will also be noted in the example above that a received level of 160 dB while well within the dynamic range of such exemplary system, would also be above the system minimum detectable level of the noise floor. Since the system remains linear, it is now possible to provide a combination of spatial and frequency based "notch filtering" techniques to further reject the transmit signal from interfering with reception.
In addition to the linearity requirement defined above, another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention establishes a requirement for direct signal (80 in
It will be known to those skilled in the art that in any continuous transmission approach, a strong transmission to the receiver will have the adverse effect of masking the reception of target echoes of interest. In a method employing a separate transmitter and receiver, a bi-static scenario inherently exists and the transmitted energy will appear at a fixed time delay or at multiple time delays due to multi-path arrival. With a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FM-CW) transmission the time delay of the return corresponds to a frequency shift of the received waveform. The transmitted energy received directly will be strong relative to the level of the desired reception and frequency sideband leakage becomes a dominant source of noise. This problem can typically be handled by using frequency filtering with extremely low side band response. This linear frequency filtering may optionally be augmented by non-linear adaptive frequency cancellation at the receiver. If the receive sensor contains an array of hydrophones then receive beam-forming may also be used to suppress signals arriving from the direction of the source. This receive beam-forming may use either a conventional linear or an adaptive approach. If the source has sufficient directionality then it may also be possible to steer a null of the source transmission beam in the direction of the receiver. Transmit signal rejection at the receiver can be performed using spatial or frequency domain techniques. Depending on the sensor system either one or both spatial and frequency rejection can be applied.
In another embodiment, the direct signal rejection requirement of the present invention involves a spatial (bearing) component and a frequency (range) component. Thus, defining parameters,
RS—Spatial Side lobe Rejection
NDI—Receiver directionality against noise
RSR—Receiver Spatial Rejection Against Signal
RFR—Receiver Frequency Rejection
then the rejection requirement in terms of an Interference Level (I) requirement is expressed by the equation:
It will be noted that the conventional beam-forming techniques provide spatial rejection where the level of rejection typically is determined by the number of hydrophones available and their spacing. Beyond conventional approaches adaptive techniques that are used to cancel known signals or "anti-jamming" methods can be applied to provide additional direct signal rejection.
It will also be noted that the present invention can readily take advantage of modern high performance digital electronics in which the spatial and frequency notch filtering design methods can readily exceed the rejection requirement. A heterodyned FM approach may be used to translate frequency into range thus turning spatial beam forming & frequency filtering into the range and bearing information provided by conventional active pulsed sonar. This may be accomplished using adaptive noise cancellation techniques and appropriate high rejection side lobe methods (see, e.g., Widrow, B., Steams, S. Adaptive Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1985).
An embodiment of a heterodyned FM approach is shown in
An analysis of a direct signal rejection requirement is provided by applying Equation II to the same analysis used in Equation I above for determining the linearity requirement. Using the values of the previous analysis, namely, LS=225 dB, YN=50 dB, TL=40 dB, NL=50 dB, NDI=25 dB, RS=35 dB, and applying both the spatial and frequency filtering so that RSR=10 dB and RFR=70 dB, Equation II yields:
In another analysis of an application of the present invention, a bi- and multi-static operation at mid-frequencies is provided. In an aspect of the invention, there is disclosed standalone sonar processing capability using off-board sources and fixed sources, such as a sonobouy. The primary difference from the analysis above is that spatial rejection at the receiver is minimized due to the use of a single element sonobuoy although directionality is obtained by processing orthogonal channels in dipole or cardioid mode. Similarly a directional transmission to reduce levels toward the receiver is difficult due to the fact they operate in a field. Therefore, assuming, for this analysis, LS=200, TN=0 dB, NL=40 dB, NDI=5 dB, RS=20 dB, TL=55 due to farther spacing between source and receiver, RSR=10 dB for adaptive spatial processing, and that a reasonably clean frequency transmission and frequency filtering can achieve RSR=85 dB, the interference level from Equation II becomes
In an experiment that was conducted in a lake using the frequency domain rejection technique described above, it was shown that echoes could be received while transmitting even without transmit beamforming or receive array directivity. The experiment involved analyzing data from a single, non-directional hydrophone placed so that it received the maximum, rather than the "nulled" transmission from a low frequency (1 kHz) acoustic source only about 15 meters away.
In an aspect of another embodiment, in order to allow the target signal to be separated from the directly received transmitted signal with frequency filtering, the spectral energy of the transmitted signal is not allowed to leak into the received frequency band. A window is used to taper the onset and termination of transmission segments where abrupt changes in transmission frequency would normally cause transmission energy to spread over a wide frequency band. By smoothly tapering the onset and termination amplitudes of each segment from zero to maximum amplitude the frequency spreading may be controlled. A typical tapering for four transmit segments is shown in
An aspect of a high data rate tracking component 140 of the sonar system shown in
The results that are shown in
Conventional pulsed systems require 12-20 pings (2-5 minutes depending on the range coverage) to make a reliable decision. As would be understood, embodiments of the invention provide near continuous updates of information, with time between measurements reduced by an order of magnitude from pulsed systems, i.e. 10 times as many looks at a target than a pulse system in the same fixed period of time. This information rate gain and the advantages of reduced uncertainty in echo location from ping to ping (track gates) may lead to a 12 dB reduction in detection threshold.
The detection performance gains using continuous transmission over conventional pulsed sonar operating over the same transmission band are due to the increased rate of target information acquired. The improved time to detect for a 10 dB contact at 10 kiloyards moving at 3 knots relative to the receive platform is shown in
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the instant method of active "receive-while-transmit (RWT)" provides substantial performance improvements over the conventional sonar: recognition differential gains of 7 dB in reverberation and 20 dB in noise are achieved along with the advantage of detecting a target 15 times earlier. As is shown in the analysis (for the example of
An embodiment for continuous transmission provides a means of constantly ensonifying a target while simultaneously reducing reverberation energy by varying frequency continuously as a function of time. An aspect of this continuous transmission scheme makes the target look like a constantly-emitting noisy passive acoustic source. Another aspect utilizes the consistency of the target scattering strength received over a broad frequency spectrum and the inconsistencies of backscatter from reverberation as a function of frequency. Still another aspect of this effectively large bandwidth approach provides computational simplicity of the signal processing, flexibility to achieve various levels of time and frequency diversity, detection gains in shallow water reverberation, and rapid assessment of target Doppler at any level for motion discrimination of both the high Doppler target and the slowly moving submerged threat; all culminating in a substantially improved performance over conventional active pulsed transmission sonar systems.
An aspect of an embodiment of the present transmission/reception method provides a combined effect of reverberation suppression obtained by extending the transmit energy over a wide frequency band and the reduced detection time obtained by utilizing persistent information received over time. The latter allows for averaging of the return energy over different frequency bands. The averaging gain of this approach is difficult to realize in conventional pulsed active systems. Furthermore, the broadband approach provides high resolution in range and, due to the continuous nature of reception, range rate (Doppler) is estimated rapidly to provide high fidelity target motion discrimination. For illustrative purposes, this analysis uses a single platform operation, however, the present method is suitable for multiple platform multi-static operation with any receiver platform possessing a passive narrowband detection capability.
An aspect of an embodiment method as applied to the analysis of the slow moving target less than, but not limited to 1 knot, provides modification of the Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FM-CW) principles to work at low frequencies (LF); i.e., the transmitted waveform bandwidth can exceed the center frequency for this underwater acoustic detection problem. The transmission and the receiver processor are designed for a continuous linear frequency sweep over a large bandwidth. The sweep Es continuously repeated (due to a practical limit on total available bandwidth) as illustrated in
The received data shown in
By proper complex processing the saw tooth jump in the real transmission is transparent in the heterodyned output. For a return echo then, without a Doppler shift, the heterodyned output is a narrowband tonal with beat frequency, fb=rτ. The parameter, r, is the known sweep rate and t is the two-way travel time which provides a measure of the target range. The output of the heterodyne process is depicted in
The continuous nature of the transmission reduces the active sonar detection problem to one of detecting a narrowband tonal in nonstationary noise. This allows the leveraging of passive narrowband (PNB) automatic detection and tracking. The nonstationary nature of the noise background in the active situation is due to the time-varying reverberation level. This contrasts with the pure ambient noise limited conditions most often encountered in passive sonar. However, with proper noise estimation and normalization techniques the background may be equalized and PNB techniques applied directly.
An aspect of an embodiment involves bandwidth availability. The latter dictates the tactical range coverage possible and also the amount of reverberation suppression obtainable. The repetition rate, T, and the maximum sweep rate r, for continuous transmission are determined by the system bandwidth, B, and the desired maximum target range coverage. The constraint on the repetition rate is similar to a pulsed active sonar where
The sweep rate may be maximized to obtain the maximum reverberation suppression possible in a fixed amount of receive time and to maximize the time delay (range) resolution. Range resolution is inversely related to the observation time at the receiver, Tr, and the sweep rate used. Therefore the maximum range coverage is determined by the transmitted bandwidth and the sweep rate
An aspect of an embodiment of the present "receive-while-transmit (RWT)" invention provides detection SNR thresholds 7 dB lower In reverberation and 20 dB under Noise limited conditions than those currently achieved by conventional pulsed active systems. These performance gains of "RWT" transmission over a conventional pulsed sonar operating in a reverberation limited and noise limited environment can be obtained by examining the required recognition differential (RD) for each case. RDI accounts for the different processing gain (PG) of each method by removing the gain from the detection index (DI) required to achieve similar detection performance
The detection performance is obtained using the plots shown in
The detection gains against noise are due to the increased energy in the continuous transmission which is reflected in the incoherent averaging gain achievable. The recognition differential in noise for the pulse system reflects the pulse length per sub-pulse Tp so that
Another aspect of significant gain in performance of continuous transmission over conventional pulsed active sonars resulting from the increased rate of target information is the substantially more accurate, and more rapidly obtained target motion estimates as shown in FIG. 9˜ As seen in the same Figure, continuous transmit (curve 330) provides accuracy of target speed to a root-mean-square (rms) level of 0.5 knots (on the vertical axis) in less than 2 minutes (on the horizontal axis) where the pulsed system (curve 340) provides an rms error greater than 2 knots in the 5 minute receive time (345). Due to the accuracy of motion estimation, classification decisions based upon motion clues can be made far more rapidly and with greater accuracy using the methods of the present invention.
Though these numerous details of the disclosed methods and devices are set forth here, such as various parameters, to provide an understanding of the present invention, it will be obvious, however, to those skilled in the art that these specific details need not be employed to practice the present invention. At the same time, it will be evident that the same methods and devices may be employed in other similar situations that are too many to cite, such as the use of the methods cited herein with receivers having single or more multiple hydrophones.
Those skilled in the art will also know that although the continuous transmit concept itself—a subset of the present "Receive While Transmit (RWT)"—is used in a number commercially available Continuous Transmit Frequency Modulated (CTFM) Sonar systems, they cannot operate at certain frequencies (see for example, Skolnik, M. I., Introduction to Radar Systems, McGraw Hill, New York, 1962). Whereas many pulsed SONARS can operate at frequencies below 10 thousand cycles-per-second (10 kHz) current SONAR CTFM modes are confined to much higher frequencies. Operating frequencies for existing CTFM systems range from above thirty thousand (30 kHz) to in excess of three hundred thousand cycles-per-second (300 kHz). Although these high frequencies offer spatial resolution suitable to their purpose it is noted that no low frequency systems exist. This is because existing systems rely on a combination of highly directional transmitters and high in-water absorption loss to avoid overloading their receivers
while transmitting, and high frequency sweep rates to facilitate frequency separation between transmitted signal and returned echoes. All of these conditions require high operating frequencies. Since absorption of sound in the water increases (and therefore operating range decreases) in proportion to the square of the operating frequency (see for example, R. 3. Urick, Pr/nap/es of Underwater Sound, McGraw Hill, New York, 1975) CTFM SONARS are limited to short range applications such as object avoidance or retrieval, and bottom or overhead under Ice mapping. It will therefore be evident to those skilled in the art that modern high dynamic range electronics combined with the disclosed frequency domain filtering techniques overcomes the limitations of the present state of the art and enables a broad range of applications including low frequency long range search sonars such as those used in anti-submarine warfare.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to particular embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and details may be made without departing form the spirit and scope of the invention.
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Bad Lip Reading: The Full Beyonce Performance: 'La Fway'
The short clip of Beyoncé in the latest Bad Lip Reading video was just a taste of the hilarious full version…
The short clip of Beyoncé in the latest Bad Lip Reading video was just a taste of the hilarious full version…
My favorite image of the day: President Obama giving the Hawaiian "shaka" sign as the Punahou Marching Band passes the reviewing stand.
Across the nation wingnut heads are a-poppin' as President Obama's second inauguration parade gets ready to start. The First Lady is rockin' the bangs today, and the President gave a stirring speech, laying out a very progressive-sounding agenda for his second term: Obama's Second Inaugural Speech.
Yep, he threw down the gauntlet, all right, but there's a huge obstacle in the way of climate change action: a Republican Party that is utterly lost in a cloud cuckoo land of anti-science denial.
The Luddites of the right wing have totally convinced themselves that the world's scientists are pulling an evil hoax on them; this delusion is fed and sustained by many millions of dollars worth of anti-science propaganda from a fossil fuel industry that benefits from the status quo. If President Obama is serious about taking action on this all-important issue, he'll have to find a way to either reach these appallingly closed minds, or circumvent their efforts to sabotage him.
On any given day, Pamela Geller's site is overstuffed with hatred and incoherent ranting, but since today marks the second inauguration of the person she hates most, she's in a proper frenzy. Her most recent semi-literate tirade: HITLERIAN PRESS: OBAMA'S 'THE SECOND COMING'!!!!!
See if you can count the grammatical, spelling, punctuation and word usage errors in her crazed Hitler-laced diatribe; it's fun! I'm picturing a row of little empty airplane bottles of gin next to her keyboard.
The Propaganda Ministry, through the Obama Press Chamber, has jumped the shark.
The new issue of Newsweek online (the print is understandably defunct), President Obama's inauguration is deemed "The Second Coming." Clearly the editor of the magazine, the goosestepping Obama Tina Brown has take the Wehrmacht Oath of Loyalty to the Obamessiah.
The writer of the article, Evan Thomas, has imbued the divinity of Christ on Obama before (but I think Muhammad is better suited to Obama, IMO.) Back in June of 2009, naturally on MSNBC, Thomas asserted: "In a way, Obama's standing above the country, above — above the world. He's sort of God. He's going to bring all different sides together."
And we see how Obama has brought different sides together. No President has done more to divide the nation outside of Lincoln but that was to free a nation. Obama means to enslave it. Only the left could paint the epic failure that defines Obama's reign as godly. The big lie, that's what they do.
And the more consistnetly wrong they are, the more accolades and power they get. The more right we are (and I have been proven right time and time again, the marginalized and demonized we are. Truth is the silver bullet to these vampires.
Wow! I'd add little [sic] notes, but they'd have to be after every other word. The constant hatred is eating away at her brain.
And by the way — silver bullets are for werewolves.
Of course, you know what's being said on right wing blogs today about President Obama's second inauguration, and about his wife and daughters, don't you?
Many commenters challenged the story about Barack Obama not attending the American Legion's "Salute to Heroes" ball; here's an email from the American Legion confirming that the story was accurate.
In answer to your inquiry:
The American Legion, as it has on every inauguration evening since 1953, hosted the Salute to Heroes Inaugural Banquet & Ball on January 20th. The quadrennial event is co-sponsored with fourteen veterans service and military service organizations and honors recipients of the Medal of Honor. Forty-seven of these heroes attended this year's event which was held in the Renaissance Washington DC Hotel.
President Obama was invited but did not attend. Vice-President Joe Biden did appear, however, and was very warmly received. The new President's absence was understandable considering the unprecedented logistical challenges presented by the vastly increased number of visitors to this inauguration and the necessary attendant security measures. The American Legion, as an organization, does not feel offended or "snubbed."
Thank you,
Craig Roberts
Media Relations Manager
The American Legion
1608 K Street, NW
Washington, DC 20006
(Hat tip: LGF readers.)
Age of Hooper (The) has lots of interesting photos and video from the inauguration that you won't see in the mainstream media.
Another milestone for our new President: he's the first President in 56 years to snub the American Legion's "Salute to Heroes Inaugural Ball."
The American Legion sponsors the ball, which recognizes recipients of Medal of Honor, the nation's highest military award. It started in 1953 for President Dwight D. Eisenhower's first inauguration.
Event co-sponsors include 13 other veterans service organizations, among them the Military Order of the Purple Heart and the Paralyzed Veterans of America.
Is this a cheap shot? I think so.
President Obama will keep the broken promises made by President Bush to rebuild New Orleans and the Gulf Coast. He and Vice President Biden will take steps to ensure that the federal government will never again allow such catastrophic failures in emergency planning and response to occur.
In the new land of hope, Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton still aren't getting along. As they stood in the foyer preparing to go out on stage, Carter totally snubbed Clinton. Watch the look that passes between Hillary and Bill after Jimmy gives the Clenis the Big Ig.
UPDATE at 1/20/09 1:44:24 pm:
More at ABC News: Political Radar: Carter 'Snubs' Clinton?
President Carter disputes there was any snub and says any suggestion there was is "erroneous." Through a spokesperson at the Carter Center in Atlanta, the former President told ABC News that he had earlier spent a half hour talking to the Clintons and therefore wanted to use the opportunity to say hello to the Bushes while he could. According to the spokesperson, cameras only caught the later encounter.
Relations between the Carters and the Clintons have reportedly been frosty for years, dating back to 1980, when Carter's landslide defeat to Ronald Reagan may have cost Clinton the Arkansas governor's mansion. At least that's what Clinton reportedly believed.
In the 90s Clinton was said to resent some of Carter's freelance diplomacy. Carter, for his part, spared no criticism of Clinton during the Monica Lewinsky scandal.
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Last updated: 2015-06-25 5:21 pm PDT
For my taste, these solos (of some 50s blues guitarists) are exemplary because what is being played seems honest and, in a musical way, a direct extension of the personality of the men who played them. -- January 1977.


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Texas on the Potomac
Washington news with a Texas accent
Posts filtered on Tag
Political Cartoons of the Week: Is Ted Cruz trying to sabotage immigration reform?
>>> Click here for past editions of Political Cartoons of the Week [Read More]
Border congressmen applaud Mexico's release of water but push for more
Texas' five border congressmen are applauding Mexico's release of water to drought-stricken Texas communities and say they hope to push for more coordination between the two countries. "While we're unsure of the impact this water release will have on water security for our communities and where Mexico stands in relation to the terms of the […] [Read More]
The Top Ten: Sheila Jackson Lee, sitting on the aisle and battling Rush Limbaugh
Every month, Texas on the Potomac gives you one final glimpse of our most popular stories. Here are the most viewed stories from February. 1. Rush Limbaugh ridicules Sheila Jackson Lee's 'freed slave' comment, saying 'she's got to be over 110′ years old. After the congresswoman praised Abraham Lincoln for allowing her to be a […] [Read More]
Analyzing Rick Perry's record: Water woes could cost Texas
Fourteen years after Bullock and Brown laid out a road map for securing adequate water resources for the state's booming population, state leaders still have not found a reliable way to finance water development beyond asking voters for authority to issue debt through bonds.
With the population of Texas expected to double by the year 2050, Gov. Rick Perry is fond of saying that people have been "voting with their feet" for the state's conservative governing principles. The additional population, however, has severely strained the state's infrastructure.[Read More]
Offshore drilling bill slated for debate next week
A dispute over whether to give coastal states a greater share of federal royalties for offshore drilling near their shores is expected to flare up during the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee's debate on the bill next Thursday. [Read More]


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Good afternoon..... It's great to be in New York… America's city!
And, it's great to be away from my office at the Pentagon. You see, I have a theory—that every day out of Washington, D.C. adds a week to my life…. Although a visit to New York may only add 3 or 4 days if you factor in the traffic!
Thanks so much to the Navy League of the United States, and particularly the New York Council, for your great support of this important project. I've been saying for many years—the sun never sets on the Navy League.
Thanks to the Governor and his staff, thanks also to Mayor Bloomberg and the New York City Council for their strong support, and thanks to the New York Chamber of Commerce and people across this great state who have embraced this ship….
I know he can't be with us today, but I appreciate John Thain of Merrill Lynch for his service as Chairman of the USS New York Commissioning Committee…. Thanks to all the members of the committee….
And, let me also give a special welcome to the first responders from the New York Police Department, New York Fire Department, and Port Authority of New York and New Jersey….
Everyone in this country has felt a special connection with New York since the September 11th terrorist attacks. On the day the towers fell, all Americans were New Yorkers.
Yesterday, I joined President Bush and Secretary Gates as they dedicated the new 9-11 Memorial adjacent to the Pentagon. The site is a beautiful and lasting tribute to the one-hundred and eighty-four innocent lives lost when terrorists aboard American Airlines Flight 77 deliberately crashed the plane into the building.
That attack and the planes that crashed into the World Trade Center and the field in Somerset County, Pennsylvania killed almost 3,000 people—men, women, and children from more than 60 different countries. And, the only reason the terrorists killed that many was because they didn't know how to kill 30,000, 300,000 or 3 million. But, make no mistake—they would have killed many more if they'd been able to do so.
And, they are still trying. Al Qaeda and other extremist organizations around the world continue to pose a very real threat to freedom. But, long-term they are no match for the strength and determination of the American people and our friends and allies.
A couple of months ago, I visited with hundreds of soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, and Marines in Iraq, Qatar, and Afghanistan. I saw firsthand the meaningful progress we're making in that region. The men and women who wear the cloth of our nation are doing an outstanding job.
Today, our sea services led by the magnificent Navy and Marine Corps team are playing a key role in the war on terror. Over the past two years, Marines have helped dramatically improve conditions in the Anbar Province—once the heartland of the Sunni insurgency. Last week, American commanders formally returned responsibility for Anbar to the Iraqi Army and police force. United States Marines are making tremendous gains in Afghanistan as well.
Across Central Command, there are roughly 15,000 Sailors on the ground—that's more than the number of Sailors at sea in the region. And, they're executing a variety of important missions. In fact, naval officers are commanding 6 of the 24 Provincial Reconstruction Teams in remote, land-locked areas of Afghanistan.
I had the opportunity to talk with CDR Dan Dwyer, the Commander of the Kunar PRT—one of the best PRTs in one of the toughest provinces of Afghanistan. CDR Dwyer has shown that great progress can be accomplished through thoughtful teamwork with his counterparts from State, Agriculture, USAID, and, most importantly, the Afghan people.
In the past seven years, more than 50 million men, women, and children have been liberated in Iraq and Afghanistan. Democracy and economic development are beginning to flourish in expanding areas. And, al Qaeda is losing the war—not just on the battlefield, but in the court of public opinion as well. Muslims around the world understand that the religion of Islam is one of peace and they are rejecting extremists' tactics and tenets.
On that terrible day in September of 2001—for only the second time in our nation's history—the U.S. was attacked on our own soil. The enemy brought their fight to our shores. But, they were not able to defeat us. In fact, our country has emerged stronger than before. And, we are bolstered by the courage and dedication of our Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, Marines, and Coastguardsmen and women.
As Admiral George Anderson, Chief of Naval Operations under President Kennedy, said: "The Navy has both a tradition and a future—and we look with pride and confidence in both directions."
Since 1776, six U.S. Navy ships have borne the name USS New York, including a gondola that fought in the Revolutionary War in the Battle of Valcour Island, a 36-gun frigate that served as flagship in the war against the Barbary Pirates, and a battleship that saw action in World War I and II. Coincidentally, this last ship had its keel laid in New York City on September 11th, 1911, exactly 90 years to the day before the World Trade Center was attacked.
In the future, the newest USS New York will carry on the proud tradition of those past ships and bring our message of peace through strength to the shores of our enemies. The ship, and her sister ships, the USS Arlington and USS Somerset, will also serve as living tributes to those who died at the World Trade Center… at the Pentagon… and in the field in Somerset County, Pennsylvania.
Six years ago, I stood on the deck of the USS Intrepid with, among others, Governor George Pataki; Mr. Tony Fisher, the Chairman & CEO of the Intrepid Museum Foundation; and Retired Rear Admiral Bob Ravitz, Co-Chairman and Executive Director of the USS New York's Commissioning Committee.
At that naming ceremony, Governor Pataki declared: "The USS New York will ensure that all New Yorkers and the world will never forget the evil attacks of September 11th, and the courage and compassion New Yorkers showed in response to terror."
A year later, Dotty and I were in Amite, Louisiana where workers melted seven and a half tons of steel pulled from the rubble of the World Trade Center to form part of the ship's bow. Four years ago, on September 10th, 2004, we participated in the keel-laying of the USS New York at Northrop Grumman Ship Systems in New Orleans, Louisiana. And, earlier this year, Dotty and I were honored to participate in the ship's christening ceremony at Avondale Shipyards in New Orleans.
Dotty was named the ship's sponsor, and so she had the added privilege of smashing the traditional champagne bottle on the ship's bow. The ceremony was made extra special by the victims' family members and the New York City police officers, firefighters, and other first responders who attended.
Next year, the USS New York will be commissioned here in New York. And, she'll join the fleet as hundreds of Sailors and Marines are called to "Man [the] ship and bring her to life!" She'll set sail and represent to the world the strength of our great country. And, the ship and her crew will serve as a reminder to all of the United States' commitment to freedom.
The USS New York's motto calls on us to "Never Forget"….
We will "never forget" what happened, and we make a solemn pledge to "never again" let this happen in America. Freedom for our people will forever remain our constant and the cause of peace our goal.
Thank you for your support of this important endeavor, and thanks for your strong and continued support of the brave men and women who wear the cloth of our nation and their families.
May God bless you, the United States naval forces, and may God continue to bless America!


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Soil & Groundwater Companies in Colorado
Category: Soil & Groundwater ×
Industry: Shipbuilding & Water Transport ×
Location: USA ×
Location: Colorado ×
based in Sundbyberg, SWEDEN
Grindex is a world leader in electrical submersible pump technology for demanding applications such as construction, mining and heavy industry. The pumps are known for their high reliability, durability and dependability. Thanks to the built-in motor protection and the air valve, the pumps can run unsupervised for longer periods, and even run dry for a length of time. ...
Safe Drain™ by Safe Drain Stormwater Holdings Inc.
based in Oakdale, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Safe Drain™ provides storm drain protection and support services to cities, government facilities and companies that, by law are required to prevent chemicals, sediments and other potentially hazardous materials from polluting storm drains. Safe Drain™ continues to research and develop high quality environmental solutions that meet or exceed current government ...
Terragon Environmental Technologies Inc.
based in Montréal, QUEBEC (CANADA)
Terragon develops and commercializes innovative technologies and practices needed to enable habitats to treat their waste locally and safely in order to recover valuable resources to be reused at the site where waste is generated. Terragon researches and engineers highly innovative waste treatment systems which anyone can operate safely, economically and without special ...
NOXERIOR s.r.l.
based in Grosseto, ITALY
NOXERIOR focuses on all aspects of the non-cryogenic on-site generation of nitrogen and oxygen; we help our customers to reduce their expenses for nitrogen and oxygen by offering a customized solution based on either PSA or hollow-fibre membrane technology. The unique and patented technology applied for our NITROSWING® and OXYSWING® modular PSA generators have set market ...
ICT International
based in Armidale, AUSTRALIA
ICT International has been designing, manufacturing and providing monitoring solutions for soil, plant and environmental research since 1982. The success of our instruments stems from our worldwide experience in the application of quantitative technologies to soil moisture monitoring, plant water use and environmental studies.Our systems are at the cutting edge of ...
based in Oakdale, CALIFORNIA (USA)
ContainDrain™ is a Trademark of SPCC Solutions. ContainDrain™ was acquired by Safe Drain™ in early 2015. Safe Drain™ designs, manufactures and installs stainless steel storm drain 100% spill containment inserts.The Safe Drain™ patented family of products are easily installed in virtually any size or shape storm drain enabling the end user to protect their storm drains ...
MPC Containment
based in Chicago, ILLINOIS (USA)
MPC Containment, a division of MPC Group LLC, is the leading fabricator of custom Collapsible Storage Tank Systems for the US Military and for military and commercial applications worldwide. MPC also designs, fabricates, and installs Environmental Solutions including Floating and Fixed Covers, Floating and Fixed Baffles, Geomembrane Liners, Containment Boom and Turbidity ...
Tekran Instruments Corporation
based in Knoxville, TENNESSEE (USA)
Tekran Instruments Corporation is the world's leading manufacturer of advanced systems for ambient and point-source mercury monitoring. With pioneering expertise in cold vapor atomic fluorescence detection, Tekran® has become the trusted source for accurate and reliable measurement of ultra-trace mercury levels. Tekran has provided more ambient and CEM systems than any ...
BBA Pumps
based in Doetinchem, NETHERLANDS
BBA Pumps is a leading manufacturer of portable pump equipment. Our pump solutions offer you lowest cost of ownership and unparalleled reliability. Our dedicated team and world-wide partners offer you excellence in both product and support. We offer 4 dedicated pump designs BA series dewatering and high head pumps, PT series wellpoint piston pumps, B series self priming ...
Scalewatcher North America Inc
based in Oxford, PENNSYLVANIA (USA)
Scalewatcher: An electronic descaler friendly for the environment. Scalewatcher North America seeks confident, out-of-the-box thinking professionals interested in a technology and large ticket sales opportunity, acting as area manager for markets opening in all states. Scalewatcher is the original manufacturer of electronic, descaling technology used throughout Europe, ...


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"When it comes to efficient, profitable production, the men and women of the American work force have a lot to be proud of. But when it comes to being rewarded for the work that they do--the skills they've sharpened, the contributions they make--well, that's a different story. Their paychecks have been frozen, their health coverage is being cut back, they're facing greater global competition and their pensions are more precarious than ever."
EPI's Heidi Shierholz says the job market is the primary way that economic growth reaches most families, and recovery from a recession depends on job growth. Historically, it takes less than 21 months after a recession to regain the prior employment levels.
"Job growth over the business cycle of the 2000s average only 0.6 per cent per year, which is well below what's needed simply to keep up with the ever-expanding population of workers. And by comparison, over the business cycle of the 90s, jobs grew three times that fast."
The State of Working America 2008-2009 suggests there are factors tilting against the bargaining power of American workers--increased global trade, less union membership and more low-skilled immigration. The report says there are fewer social norms guiding employer behavior on pensions and health care arrangements. Ed Mayberry, Houston Public Radio News.