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Department of Geography
MICHAEL E. EMCH, Chair
Lawrence E. Band, Stephen S. Birdsall, Michael E. Emch, John Pickles, Stephen J. Walsh.
Associate Professors
Altha J. Cravey, Banu P. Gökariksel, Scott Kirsch, Charles E. Konrad, Aaron Moody, Elizabeth Olson, Conghe Song.
Assistant Professors
Xiaodong Chen, Clark Gray, Elizabeth Havice, Christian Lentz, Nina Martin, Lauren Persha, Alvaro Reyes, Diego Riveros-Iregui, Sara Smith, Gabriela Valdivia, Erika Wise.
Professors Emeriti
John D. Eyre, John W. Florin, Wilbert M. Gesler, Peter J. Robinson, Thomas Whitmore.
Geographers study the evolving character and organization of the earth's surface, the ways in which the interactions of biophysical and human phenomena create distinctive places and regions, and the influence those places and regions have on natural and human events and processes. Within this broad vision, geographers study many issues, including the geography of human activity, the geography of the earth's environmental systems, and the sciences of geographic information, analysis, and visualization.
Human geographers are concerned with the spatial aspects of human existence: how people and their activities are distributed across the globe, how humans use and perceive space, place, regions, and landscapes, and how they create, transform, and sustain the character of places. Students trained in human geography work in many fields, including urban and regional planning, environmental policy, international business, community development, nongovernmental organizations, and education, among others. Human geography at UNCChapel Hill has particular strengths in the study of globalization and development, culture and economy, political economy and political ecology, and social movements in Latin America. Expertise in human geography is represented in the department by Professors Birdsall, Cravey, Emch, Gökariksel, Gray, Havice, Kirsch, Lentz, Martin, Pickles, Reyes, Smith, and Valdivia.
Biophysical and environmental geography is the study of the spatial distributions of biophysical phenomena such as the vegetation, soil, landforms, and weather of an area, and the systems that link them to create the environment at and near the surface of the earth. Environmental geographers are active in the study of climate change, climate and health, drought and flood hazard, deforestation, biodiversity, and water resources. They forecast the weather, manage land and water resources, and analyze and plan for forests, rangelands, and wetlands. Students trained in biophysical and environmental geography work in many fields, including environmental policy, regional planning, sustainability and remediation, nongovernmental organizations, and education, among others. UNCChapel Hill's Department of Geography has particular strengths in the study of water, climate and health, land-cover/land-use change, and biodiversity, particularly in the Galapagos. Expertise in environmental geography is represented in the department by Professors Band, Chen, Konrad, Moody, Riveros-Iregui, Song, Valdivia, Walsh, and Wise. Faculty members in the department also direct the Institute for the Environment, the Center for Galapagos Studies, the Southeast Regional Climate Center, and the Center for Landscape Change and Health.
Both human and biophysical geographers study the interaction of humans and their environment. Indeed, geographers were among the first scientists to note and study human-induced changes to the environment and how these changes affect society. This domain of human societal and environmental interactions is represented by Professors Band, Chen, Emch, Gray, Havice, Kirsch, Moody, Riveros-Iregui, Valdivia, Walsh, and Wise.
Geographers have long been at the forefront of using satellite and other digital imagery (remote sensing) as well as a range of other digital spatial data to understand human and environmental systems, as well as their interactions. These data form the basis for geographic information science (GISci), which is used to analyze and represent geo-referenced and other spatial information about human and
environmental systems. UNCChapel Hill has particular strengths in the use of geographic information systems and GISci to study land-use change, human and environmental health, and global change. Geographers with these skills are employed in a wide variety of fields, including governmental agencies, environmental policy, urban and regional planning, business, and research and educational institutions. The key concern for techniques of data collection, analysis, and spatial representation (remote sensing and GISci) cuts across the topical specialties and is a strength of Professors Band, Emch, Liang, Moody, Song, Valdivia, Walsh, and Wise.
Programs of Study
The degree offered is the bachelor of arts with a major in geography. A minor in geography is also available. The Department of Geography also participates in the Joint Degree Program with the National University of Singapore.
Majoring in Geography: Bachelor of Arts
Core Requirements
GEOG 110 or 111
GEOG 120, 121, or 130
GEOG 370, 391, 392, and 697
Four additional courses, at least three of which must be at the 400-level or above. These may be distributed among, or concentrated within, the following general concentration areas.
Earth Environmental Systems (EES): GEOG 406, 410, 412, 414, 416, 419, 440, 441, 442, 444, or 597
Geographic Information Sciences (GISci): GEOG 477, 491, 541, 577, 591, 592, 594, or 597
Geography of Human Activity (GHA): GEOG 225, 228, 232, 237, 423, 424, 428, 429, 430, 434, 435, 445, 446, 447, 448, 450, 452, 453, 454, 458, 460, 470, or 542
Regional Courses: GEOG 259, 260, 261, 262, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 457, 458, or 464
Additional Requirements
All General Education requirements apply. Although the major requires a total of 10 geography courses (30 credit hours), a maximum of 15 geography courses (45 credit hours) can count toward the 120 hours required to graduate. Students wishing more information should consult the director of undergraduate studies.
Minoring in Geography
To minor in geography a student must pass a minimum of five courses in geography. These consist of any two core courses (GEOG 110, 111, 120, 121, 130, 370, 697) and three elective courses. Elective courses may be any on the departmental list, but students are encouraged to take higher numbered courses. Students wishing more information should consult their academic advisor or the geography director of undergraduate studies.
Honors in Geography
Qualifying students are strongly encouraged to pursue an honors degree. To gain admission to the honors program students must have a cumulative grade point average of 3.3 or higher and a grade point average of 3.4 or higher in geography courses. Honors students take GEOG 691H and 692H (honors readings and research and theses hours) with their honors thesis chair in their senior year. Honors study involves the completion of a substantial piece of original research and the formal presentation of the results in an honors thesis and oral defense. Those who successfully complete the program are awarded their B.A. with either honors or highest honors in geography.
All majors and minors have a primary academic advisor in Steele Building. Students are strongly encouraged to meet regularly with their advisor and review their Tar Heel Tracker each semester. The department's director of undergraduate studies works with current and prospective majors by appointment and during regular office hours (see "Contact Information" below). Departmental academic advising is highly recommended for all majors and is particularly important for those majors who are considering going on to graduate school. Further information on courses, undergraduate research opportunities, the honors program, careers, and graduate schools may be obtained from the department's Web site.
Special Opportunities in Geography
Departmental Involvement
Undergraduate majors are welcomed and encouraged to attend the department's weekly seminar on most Friday afternoons at 3:30 pm. Majors can also apply to become peer advisors in geography; two peer advisors are appointed each year. We host several events each year for undergraduates.
Experiential Education
The department offers three experiential education courses: GEOG 293 Internship, GEOG 419 Field Methods in Physical Geography, and GEOG 452 Mobile Geographies.
Independent Study
Opportunities for independent study and research are available with many of the department's faculty. Students interested in these opportunities take GEOG 296 with the sponsoring faculty member. For more information, contact the individual faculty member or the director of undergraduate studies.
Study Abroad
Experiences with other cultures and environments are important to a sound background in geography, and thus the department strongly encourages a study abroad experience. Geography is one of five departments offering a joint degree in conjunction with the National University of Singapore (NUS). Students in that program will spend one or two years studying geography at NUS, and their diploma will be jointly granted by both universities. The department also participates in a junior-year exchange program with Kings College London. Many other study abroad programs combine well with a major in geography.
Undergraduate Awards
The Andrew McNally Award is given each spring to the outstanding senior major in geography as chosen by a committee of the faculty. We also administer the John D. Eyre travel award and the Burgess McSwain Travel America Fund, which are open to all undergraduates at UNC.
Undergraduate Research
Opportunities for research are available with many of the department's faculty. Students interested in these opportunities take GEOG 296 with a sponsoring faculty member.
The department houses a dedicated PC laboratory for use by geography students.
Graduate School and Career Opportunities
There are a variety of job opportunities for geographers in government, business, industry, and the nonprofit sector, particularly for human and environmental geographers with skills in GISci, remote sensing, and cartography. Private firms, governmental agencies, and environmental organizations also hire geographers for field investigations, locational analysis, land use planning, recreation and tourism planning, and foreign area expertise, among many other endeavors. Many geographers pursue teaching at all levels. For more career information see geography's Web site at geography.unc.edu.
Students with a B.A. with a major in geography are well trained to go on to graduate programs in geography or other disciplines. Majors have entered graduate programs as diverse as city and regional planning, business, medicine, and ecology. For more information about careers in geography, the UNCChapel Hill Department of Geography, degree requirements, and connections to other sites of interest, visit the department's Web site at geography.unc.edu.
Contact Information
For additional information, please consult the manual for geography majors found at the department's Web site (geography.unc.edu). Questions and requests regarding the undergraduate program should be directed to Nell Phillips, Undergraduate Program Administrator, 205 Saunders Hall, (919) 962-8901, email@example.com; or Dr. Aaron Moody, Director of Undergraduate Studies, 211 Saunders Hall, email@example.com.
50 First-Year Seminar: Mountain Environments (3). This course is on understanding the physical geography of mountain environments and the processes that have created them, shaped them, and sustained them.
53 First-Year Seminar: Battle Park: Carolina's Urban Forest (3). An introduction to the study of urban forest landscapes through a series of field experiences in Carolina's Battle Park.
54 First-Year Seminar: Global Change and the Carolinas (3). An examination of the ways in which change in the global physical environment, human induced and natural, might impact the Carolinas.
55 First-Year Seminar: Landscape in Science and Art (3). Explores viewing landscape from the perspective of science and of art, and investigates how an integration of both leads to a better understanding and appreciation of a landscape.
56 First-Year Seminar: Local Places in a Globalizing World (3). An examination of the relationship between globalization and localization in order to think about how we, as individuals and groups, can make a difference in the world.
57 First-Year Seminar: Dogs and People: From Prehistory to the Urbanized Future (3). People developed dogs as a living tool that is being modified to current urban social and demographic needs.
58 First-Year Seminar: Making Myth-Leading Memories: Landscapes of Remembrance (3). This course considers memorial landscapes created to reinforce values symbolized by the person, group, or event memorialized. It looks at how disagreements and cultural changes affect memorial landscape interpretation.
59 First-Year Seminar: Space, Identity, and Power in the Middle East (3). This seminar examines the role traditional and modern spaces play in representations of the Middle East and how Middle Easterners engage these contested spaces to construct their cultural and political identities.
60 First-Year Seminar: What Is Health Care? (3). This course will examine a variety of aspects of health care, including the biomedical system, health care in non-Western countries, alternative practitioners, beliefs about health, health policies, the role of various media, and healthy places. The emphasis is on the social sciences (geography, anthropology, sociology, mainly) of health.
61 First-Year Seminar: Climate Change in the American Southeast (3). Seminar participants, working in small groups, will run climate models and investigate current climate trends, combining the results to create scenarios of future climate for the southeast United States.
62 First-Year Seminar: The Culture of Technology (3). This first-year seminar uses the lens of culture to explore systems of meaning and values, and relations of social power, that are invested in technologies.
63 First-Year Seminar: The Problem with Nature and Its Preservation (3). Alternative conceptualizations of nature in Western culture and how these meanings help create the landscapes in which we live and allow us to evaluate the implications of efforts to preserve nature.
64 First-Year Seminar: Vietnam (3). Explores modern Vietnam and situates the American war in broader spatial and historical context. Draws on fact, fiction, and visual media to introduce a fascinating place, rich in history, and to animate a geographic imagination students can take anywhere.
89 First-Year Seminar: Special Topics (3). Special topics course. Content will vary each semester.
110 Geography of Environmental Systems (3). The laboratory and its parent course focus on the geomorphic, hydrologic, and biogeographical aspects of environmental systems with attention to local examples. No laboratory. (Core)
111 Weather and Climate (3). An introduction to the nature and causes of weather variability and climate change and their impact on human activity. No laboratory. (Core)
115 Maps: Geographic Information from Babylon to Google (3). Introduces the science and art of map making and will lay the conceptual foundation necessary to understand how and why maps are made and used.
120 World Regional Geography (PWAD 120) (3). A survey of the geographic structure of human activity in major world regions and nations. Emphasizes current developments related to population, urbanization, and economic activity. (Core)
121 People and Places (3). This course examines places and the connections between places to build critical understandings of the role of human geographies in global economic, political, social, and cultural systems. (Core)
123 Cultural Geography (3). How population, environment, and human culture as expressed in technology and organization interact over space and time. (GHA)
125 Cultural Landscapes (3). Explores how everyday culture helps create the landscapes and places in which we live and what these landscapes tell us about ourselves.
130 Geographical Issues in the Developing World (3). Population and ecological aspects of problems in the urban, industrial, and agricultural development of developing nations from a geographical perspective. (Core)
210 Global Issues in the 20th Century (ANTH 210, GLBL 210, HIST 210, POLI 210) (3). See GLBL 210 for description.
212 Environmental Conservation and Global Change (3). Survey of environmental change as driven by physical processes and human activity. Problem-solving methods are explored. Focus on issues such as global warming, ozone depletion, deforestation, extinction, pollution, wetland loss. This course will provide significant background in physical geography in the context of today's most pressing environmental concerns and with reference to the societal implications and management strategies. (No lab.) (Core)
225 Space, Place, and Difference (WMST 225) (3). Gender, race, and class are examined in terms of the spatial patterns of everyday life, regional patterns, and global patterns. (GHA)
228 Urban Geography (3). Explores the evolution, patterns, and processes of urbanization and development of cities and city systems. Emphasis on the origin, growth, and spatial distribution of cities and on the internal spatial organization of activities within cities. (GHA)
232 Agriculture, Food, and Society (3). A study of environmental parameters, cultural preferences, technological developments, and spatial economic infrastructure that result in world patterns of food consumption, production, and distribution. (GHA)
237 Natural Resources (3). An analysis of selected biological and mineral resources of the world with particular emphasis on their distribution, utilization, and management policies and on their social and economic implications. (GHA)
253 Introduction to Atmospheric Processes (ENEC 253) (4). Prerequisites, MATH 231 and either CHEM 102 or PHYS 114. Includes one-hour laboratory. Atmospheric processes including radiation, dynamics, and thermodynamics are emphasized. Circulations across a range of temporal and spatial scales are described. Links between environmental problems and the atmosphere are explored.
259 Geography of Latin America (3). An introduction to Latin American geography through an examination of how the region came to be distinct and how social, political, and economic processes continue to define it. (Regional)
260 North America's Landscapes (3). A survey of the cultural and physical landscapes of the United States and Canada. Emphasis on landscape evolution, present distributions, and interactions between people and their environment. (Regional)
261 The South (3). Present-day southern United States, approached historically through a study of its physical, economic, and cultural environment. (Regional)
262 Geography of North Carolina (3). A survey of the cultural, economic, and physical diversity of North Carolina. Emphasizes regional patterns, historical changes, and the appearance of the landscape. (Regional)
263 Environmental Field Studies in Siberia (ENEC 263) (4). See ENEC 263 for description.
264 Conservation of Biodiversity in Theory and Practice (ENEC 261) (3). See ENEC 261 for description.
265 Eastern Asia (ASIA 265) (3). Spatial structure of population, urbanization, agriculture, industrialization, and regional links in China, Japan, and Korea. (Regional)
266 People and Environment in Southeast Asia (3). Sociological, biophysical, and geographical elements are integrated to examine interactions of population and environment in Thailand and neighboring countries. Diverse data sources and perspectives will be used to examine local to global issues. (Regional)
267 South Asia (ASIA 267) (3). Introduces students to the geography of South Asia, including an overview of the physical environment, cultural practices, and economic development. Emphasizes the political geography of South Asia and political and social processes such as nationalism and colonialism that have played a formative role in the region. (Regional)
268 Geography of Africa (3). Focuses on dynamic sociocultural, political, economic, and environmental issues shaping contemporary sub-Saharan Africa to develop an understanding of major drivers of stark physical, environmental, and socioeconomic contrasts across the continent and trajectories for the future. Themes include land use and environmental change, historical legacies, urbanization, economic growth, and trade.
269 Human-Environment Interactions in the Galapagos Islands (3). The social and ecological implications of resource conservation and economic development in a World Heritage Site are examined in the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador.
270 Geography of Contemporary China (3). This course provides a systematic introduction to China as an emerging political and economic power. From a geographic perspective, this course addresses uneven human and physical landscapes, the historical evolution and current status of the natural environment, economic development, and human well-being.
293 Internship (3). Open to junior and senior geography majors. Geography internships combine substantive geographic work experience with an academic project designed to integrate theory and practice. Field work is included.
295 Undergraduate Research in Geography (3). Permission of the instructor. For students who wish to participate in departmental research programs. May be taken twice.
296 Independent Study (121). Permission of the instructor. Special reading and research in geography under the supervision of a selected instructor. Course may not be taken more than twice.
370 Introduction to Geographic Information (3). A survey of geographic data sources including maps, photos, digital images, Census information, and others. Emphasis is on appropriate uses, limitations, and skilled interpretation in physical and human geography applications. (Core)
390 Contemporary Topics in Geography (112). Exploration of topics in contemporary geography.
391 Quantitative Methods in Geography (3). This course provides an introduction to the application of statistical methods to geographic problems and to statistical packages in their solution. Attention given to spatial data analysis and sampling methods.
392 Research Methods in Geography (3). Introduces geographic research methods and develops skills to conduct independent research. Themes include spatial analysis, knowledge production, methodology, theory and evidence, and principles of informed argument. Students gain experience with multiple methods applicable to the study of diverse topics.
406 Atmospheric Processes II (ENEC 406) (4). See ENEC 406 for description.
410 Modeling of Environmental Systems (3). Uses systems theory and computer models to understand ecosystem energy and matter flows, such as energy flow in food webs, terrestrial ecosystem evapotranspiration and productivity, related to climate, vegetation, soils, and hydrology across a range of spatial and temporal scales.
412 Synoptic Meteorology (3). Prerequisite, GEOG 110 or 111. An analysis of synoptic weather patterns and the processes responsible for them. Climatological aspects of these weather patterns are emphasized. (EES)
414 Climate Change (3). An investigation of the physical processes that produce and change climates across space and time. Emphasis is placed on recent and predicted patterns of climate change.
416 Applied Climatology: The Impacts of Climate and Weather on Environmental and Social Systems (3). Applied climatology involves the interdisciplinary application of climate data and techniques to solve a wide range of societal and environmental problems. This projects-based course investigates how climate impacts a range of sectors, including water resources, urban environments, ecosystems, and human health.
419 Field Methods in Physical Geography (3). Involves evaluation of landscapes by examining nature and biophysical elements influencing landscape form and function. Course emphasizes data collection, analysis, and interpretation using GIS and field methods. (EES)
423 Social Geography (3). A study of the spatial components of current social problems, such as poverty, race relations, environmental deterioration and pollution, and crime. (GHA)
424 Geographies of Religion (3). This course considers the theoretical and empirical dimensions of religion from a geographical perspective. The course introduces the key theories linking space, place, and religion and helps students apply these new theoretical tools to examine some of the pressing issues in the contemporary study of religion.
428 Urban Social Geography (3). Studies the changing landscapes of contemporary urbanism. Emphasis on patterns of economic development, housing, and infrastructure in cities in a global context. (GHA)
429 Urban Political Geography: Contested Places and Politics (3). An interdisciplinary exploration of urban social problems, bridging the literature on urban geography with that on urban politics. Students will be required to complete 30 hours of service for an organization that works on an urban social issue.
430 Global Migrations, Local Impacts: Urbanization and Migration in the United States (3). This course explores the relationship between patterns of urban development in the United States and migration, in both historical and contemporary contexts.
434 Cultural Ecology of Agriculture, Urbanization, and Disease (3). Examines the role of the interactions of cultures, environments, and human diseases in the quest for sustainable agriculture by examining the cultural ecology of agriculture systems and their human diseases. (GHA)
435 Environmental Politics (3). This course brings geographical perspectives on place, space, scale, and environmental change to the study of environmental politics. In lectures, texts, and student research, students examine topics including environmental health risks, globalization and urban environments, and the role of science in environmental politics. (GHA)
436 Governance, Institutions, and Global Environmental Change (3). Interdisciplinary course for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Focuses on multiscale environmental issues and related social, institutional, governance, and policy challenges. Examines key concepts and theories involving global environmental change and problem-solving efforts.
440 Earth Surface Processes (GEOL 502) (3). Prerequisite, GEOG 110. This course will focus on the processes of soil formation, erosion, and landform evolution with an emphasis on the interaction of geomorphic processes with surface hydrology and ecosystems. (EES)
441 Introduction to Watershed Systems (3). Prerequisite, ENEC 202, GEOG 110, or GEOL 213. Permission of the instructor for students lacking the prerequisite. Introduction to hydrologic and geomorphic processes and forms in watersheds as applied to problems in flood analysis, water quality, and interactions with ecosystem processes. Covers drainage networks, nested catchments, and distribution and controls of precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and groundwater flow. (EES)
442 River Processes (3). Introduction to landforms and processes associated with flowing water at the earth's surface. Hydrology, sedimentology, and theories of channel formation and drainage basin evolution. (ESS)
444 Landscape Biogeography (3). This course is concerned with the application of biogeographical principles and techniques to the study of natural and human-modified landscapes. It includes local and extraregional case studies. (EES)
445 Medical Geography (3). The human ecology of health is studied by analyzing the cultural/environmental interactions that lie behind world patterns of disease distribution, diffusion, and treatment, and the ways these are being altered by development. (GHA)
446 Geography of Health Care Delivery (3). This course covers basics, including personnel and facility distributions, accessibility, regionalization, and location/allocation modeling; spatial analysis and GIS; and the cultural geography of health care, including humanist and political-economic perspectives. (GHA)
447 Gender in the Middle East (ASIA 447) (3). Examines gender, space, and place relationships in the modern Middle East. Investigates shifting gender geographies of colonialism, nationalism, modernization, and globalization in this region. (GHA)
448 Transnational Geographies of Muslim Societies (3). Examines modern Muslim geographies that are created by transnational flows, connections, and imaginaries that cross national and regional boundaries across the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and beyond.
450 Population, Development, and the Environment (3). Introduction to contemporary and historical changes in human population, international development, and the global environment and how these processes interact, drawing on population geography as an organizing framework.
452 Mobile Geographies: The Political Economy of Migration (3). This course explores the contemporary experience of migrants. Various theoretical approaches are introduced, with the emphasis on a political-economic approach. (GHA)
453 Political Geography (PWAD 453) (3). The geography of politics is explored at the global, the nation-state, and the local scale in separate course units, but the interconnections between these geographical scales are emphasized throughout. (GHA)
454 Historical Geography of the United States (FOLK 454) (3). A study of selected past geographies of the United States with emphasis on the significant geographic changes in population, cultural, and economic conditions through time. (GHA)
457 Rural Latin America: Agriculture, Environment, and Natural Resources (3). Prerequisite, GEOG 259. Permission of the instructor for students lacking the prerequisite. This course explores a systems and cultural-ecological view of agriculture, environment, natural resource, and rural development issues in Latin America. It serves as a complement to GEOG 458 Urban Latin America. (Regional)
458 Urban Latin America: Politics, Economy, and Society (3). Prerequisite, GEOG 259. Permission of the instructor for students lacking the prerequisite. This course examines urban social issues in contemporary Latin America. Cities and their residents will be considered in relation to each other and to North American examples. (Regional)
460 Geographies of Economic Change (3). This course is designed to explore changing geographies of production and consumption in theory and in practice.
464 Europe Today: Transnationalism, Globalisms, and the Geographies of Pan-Europe (3). A survey by topic and country of Europe west of Russia. Those features that make Europe a distinct and important region today are emphasized. (Regional)
470 Political Ecology: Geographical Perspectives (3). Examines foundational concepts and methods and their relevance for understanding nature-society relationships. Discussions on environmental change and conflict and how nature is bound up with relations of power and constructions of identity.
477 Introduction to Remote Sensing of the Environment (3). Prerequisite, GEOG 370. Covers fundamental theory and mechanics of remote sensing, related theoretical aspects of radiation and the environment, and remote-sensing applications relating to terrestrial, atmospheric, and marine environments. Hands-on experience for application and information extraction from satellite-based imagery through biweekly laboratory assignments. Prepares students for GEOG 577. (GISci)
480 Liberation Geographies: The Place, Politics, and Practice of Resistance (3). An examination of the theory and history of resistance in the modern world, including instances of contestation from "foot dragging" to the formation of social movements, and exploring the relationship between place and protest.
481 Ethnographies of Globalization: An Upper-Level Research Design Class (3). Examines critical perspectives on globalization through research interviews conducted by social scientists working on topics ranging from land reform in Brazil to international banking.
491 Introduction to GIS (PLAN 491) (3). Prerequisite, GEOG 370. Permission of the instructor for students lacking the prerequisite. Stresses the spatial analysis and modeling capabilities of organizing data within a geographic information system. (GISci)
541 GIS in Public Health (3). Explores theory and application of geographic information systems (GIS) for public health. The course includes an overview of the principles of GIS in public health and practical experience in its use. (GISci)
542 Neighborhoods and Health (3). This course explores how neighborhood context influences the health of the populations living in them. It includes a survey of neighborhoods and health theory and empirical examples. (GHA)
577 Advanced Remote Sensing (3). Prerequisite, GEOG 370 or 477. Acquisition, processing, and analysis of satellite digital data for the mapping and characterization of land cover types. (GISci)
591 Applied Issues in Geographic Information Systems (PLAN 591) (3). See PLAN 591 for description.
592 Geographic Information Science Programming (3). Prerequisite, GEOG 370 or 491. This course will teach students the elements of GISci software development using major GIS platforms. Students will modularly build a series of applications through the term, culminating in an integrated GIS applications program.
594 Global Positioning Systems and Applications (3). Prerequisite, GEOG 370. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) fundamental theory, application design, post processing, integration of GPS data into GIS and GPS application examples (such as public health, business, etc.) will be introduced.
597 Ecological Modeling (3). Prerequisite, BIOL 561 or STOR 355. Permission of the instructor for students lacking the prerequisite. This course focuses on modeling the terrestrial forest ecosystems processes, including population dynamics, energy, water, nutrients, and carbon flow through the ecosystem. (GISci)
650 Technology and Democracy Workshop (3). Are technological choices open to democratic participation? Through a novel research workshop format, this graduate and undergraduate course explores political and geographical dimensions of technological change around key environmental issuesenergy, water, and waste.
691H Honors (3). Permission of the department. Required of all students aspiring to honors in geography. Directed readings, research, and writing.
692H Honors (3). Prerequisite, GEOG 691H. Required of all students aspiring to honors in geography. Preparation of a senior thesis.
697 Capstone Seminar in Geographic Research (3). A systematic study of the approaches, key concepts, and methods of geography, emphasizing the application of these approaches through hands-on independent research designed and implemented by the students. (Core)


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The latest Eclectic A note card collection is in the shop. I've had a hard time deciding a name for this one, but figured the Thank You Collection is about as creative and to-the-point as I am going to get on this one.
Of course this collection goes back to my love for the abstract and the color combo of pink and black that is so eye-catching to me.
Plus, I've anchored it all with a metallic gold envelope and small gold type. Seriously, the envelopes are almost as good as the cards, which come in a set of three, and like a lot of my cards you can use them to drop a quick thank you in the mail or to add a little kick to your wall collages.
Pick up yours at my Etsy shop and be sure to tell a friend. Woop!

subset: commoncrawl


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MTV Says Hello Brooklyn For The 30th Annual VMAs
MTV's on the Brooklyn bandwagon, y'all! On Monday, the channel officially announced that its VMA show will take place at Brooklyn's Barclays Center this year. Though the blockbuster awards show has taken place in LA for the last 29 years, MTV decided to return to New York because, well, DON'T THEY ALL? BK borough president Marty Markawitz told MTV: "Now, it is only fitting that the first time Brooklyn will ever host a major awards show, we are welcoming the most exciting and talked about spectacle in the music industry…" but will they welcome a Biggie hologram?!! Because that's the type of spectacle we need to see go down during MTVs BK VMAs, premiering August 22. (Via: MTV)
To add some excitement to an otherwise sleepy debut single, Robin Thicke enlisted a bevy of models including Emily Ratajkowsk for the "Blurred Lines" video–and they're topless. In the video, Thicke is joined by Pharell Williams and T.I who dance with the ladies in between their verses in front of a white Terry Richardson-inspired backdrop. Thicke is currently working on his yet-to-be-titled sixth studio album. But will it be better than JT's 20/20?
A Go-To Health Food Sites For Thugs
Shout out to Thug Kitchen for taking all the snobbery out of health food guides. TK is created by an anonymous writer/photographer who snaps original photos of vegan dishes and turns them into memes by including tips on how to recreate the dish with a #Thug twist. If you're a health food lover on a budget, and can't deal with Jourdan Dunn in the kitchen, Thug Kitchen's for you. (Via: Thug Kitchen)
Cara Delevigne Bares All For Interview Magazine
WHOA! Model of the moment, Cara Delevigne dons just over-the-knee-socks, patent leather boots and sex hair for the Peter Lindebergh shot spread featured in Interview magazine's April issue. KATE MOSS, BOW DOWN! (Via: Interview Magazine)


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It's said that the road to hell is paved with good intentions. Like many proposals put forth in the last several years, the Internet sales tax bill (titled the Marketplace Fairness Act) currently working its way through the Senate is loaded with good intentions based on the idea of "fairness." In reality and practice, the bill would end up like many liberal projects: a disaster for small business owners.
Think about those who run a business out of their home, a small shop providing products to a niche market of consumers. When an order comes in, the owner is the sole point of contact: they play the role of cashier, customer service, production and shipping. Despite the truly small nature of their small businesses these individuals would be forced to hire accountants or learn, track and charge the appropriate sales tax for each state in which a customer resides. They are faced with a choice: either spend a significant portion of their profit on an accounting professional, or spend a significant amount of time managing their own finances. A potential third option, only selling products to a select number of states, would be equally destructive for niche businesses that only survive by selling nationwide.
A number of Republican senators, including Mitch McConnell and Marco Rubio, have come out against this bill and are joined by Democratic senators from no-tax states like New Hampshire, Montana and Oregon, despite President Obama's support. Influential groups like the Heritage Foundation and its lobby arm Heritage Action for America are against the bill. Today on the Senate floor McConnell affirmed that the viewpoints on the bill aren't falling along traditionally partisan lines while explaining his opposition:
For me, the issue boils down to that fact that the legislation we're considering would create an enormous compliance burden for a lot of small businesses out there, making them tax collectors for thousands of far-away jurisdictions. Just as importantly, this legislation would increase the tax burden on Kentuckians. And as I've said before, I don't think the people of Kentucky sent me here to help them pay higher taxes. Brick-and-mortar companies complain about the inequity that exists in current law, where their customers have to pay taxes that online shoppers do not. And I am sympathetic to that concern. But by imposing this new Internet Tax, states would suddenly be empowered to force online retailers to simultaneously comply with all the different tax codes of all the states in which their customers reside. That's no small feat. From what I'm told, there are nearly 10,000 state, local, and municipal tax codes nationwide. And while complying with so many codes might not be a big deal for large online retailers, it's a huge burden on the little guys. So small businesses owners are worried, and justifiably so.
While many online-only retailers do enjoy an advantage over "brick-and-mortar" stores who charge sales taxes, the cost of compliance with the tax code is far less cumbersome for stores that only need to comply with the sales tax of the locality in which they operate. If small online business owners are forced to comply with every single state, local and municipal tax code in America, they would be put at a distinct disadvantage, not on a level playing field.


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Ryanair helps to fill BMI Baby gap by adding five new routes to its schedule
Posted: February 01, 2013|
RYANAIR boss Michael O'Leary jetted into East Midlands Airport to announce the addition of five routes to its summer schedule, which the airline claims will sustain 2,300 local jobs.
The airline is adding Spanish routes to Girona and Menorca, along with Marseilles, in France, Poznan, in Poland and Zadar, in Croatia, bringing the total number of Ryanair flights out of the Castle Donington airport to 40.
It reaffirms the Dublin-based carrier's status as the airport's largest airline.
Last year, the airport handled four million passengers. But thanks to Ryanair's announcement, airport bosses believe they will meet projections of carrying 4.2 million passengers this year.
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Ryanair said that the extra routes would sustain jobs.
The airline uses a formula devised by the Airports Council International that calculates for every 1,000 passengers it carries, one job in the region is either created or sustained.
As a result of its expanded services, the airline plans to carry 2.3 million passengers this year, something which Ryanair claims will create or support 2,300 jobs.
Ryanair directly employs 350 people at East Midlands Airport, which support the operations of its seven Boeing 737 aircraft based there.
The expansion plans, which will see the firm operate 326 flights a week from East Midlands, were made by Mr O'Leary, Ryanair's flamboyant chief executive.
He said: "I'm really pleased to announce these new routes. We have a great working relationship with East Midlands Airport and, for us, it is one of our fastest growing bases. It is a well-run and very efficient airport. It is also very proactive.
"An example of this is that some of the routes we have announced were actually suggested to us by the airport itself. They recognised a gap in the market and made us aware of it.
"When BMI Baby went last year it would've been easy for the airport to just roll over. But it knuckled down and Ryanair has taken up the slack – along with a few other airlines that I could not possibly mention!"
Mr O'Leary said that although BMI Baby represented competition, he was genuinely sorry to see it go.
BMI Baby folded after its parent company, International Airlines Group, failed to find a buyer for the Castle Donington-based business.
He said: "It's always nice to see your competitors struggle because the customers realise that we're so great – but you never want to see an airline go under. So, no, I wasn't rubbing my hands when BMI Baby went."
Tim McDermott, general manager of East Midlands Airport, said the airport was delighted with Ryanair's expansion. He said: "It was terrible to lose BMI Baby but we have worked hard to fill the gap it left behind. The reality is that this summer we will now be operating more routes than when BMI Baby was in existence."
Mr O'Leary added that Ryanair was contemplating further expansion at East Midlands later in the year.
He said: "We're already talking about expanding our winter schedule for 2013-14 and further growth for the summer of 2014. But we are rapidly running out of aircraft to meet our growth plans and we will be looking at ordering some more."
Although Mr O'Leary was happy to announce the extra routes, he was angered by a ruling made yesterday by the European Court of Justice, which ordered his airline to pay out compensation to passengers stranded because of the 2010 volcano eruption in Iceland.
The court said that airlines face an obligation to provide care, even in "extraordinary circumstances" such as the eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano, which left millions of passengers stranded because it was too dangerous to fly through the ash clouds.
The court gave its opinion after one Irish passenger was stranded in southern Portugal for a week during the crisis and demanded compensation of almost 1,130 euros (£970).
Ryanair said it paid out 26.1 million euros (£22 million) to stranded passengers but it refused many claims, citing their "excessive" cost. The court said passengers can claim "reasonable" costs.
Ryanair had argued the eruption of the volcano was so extraordinary that normal rules should not apply.
But the judges' ruling – now binding across the EU – said such events "constitute 'extraordinary circumstances' which do not release air carriers from their obligation to provide care".
Mr O'Leary said: "It's stupid. The UK Government decided to close UK air space so it should pay the compensation. Say you're stuck in traffic in your Toyota on the M25, you don't expect to get compensation from the car manufacturer for that.
"When they closed the air space, the travel insurance companies escaped liability by claiming it was an act of God. But this ruling now makes the airlines the insurer of last resort, even in the majority of cases, such air traffic control delays or national strikes in Europe, that are entirely beyond the airline's control."


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Floral Lucite Necklace
Style # 225180
Look incredible in seconds. Our Lucite Necklace must not just be seen, but experienced. Oversized connecting lucite plates adorned with clustered flowers and 3-dimensional gemstones.
- Metal, rhinestones
- Imported
Rated 5 out of 5�by 1 reviewer.
Rated 5 out of 5�by Lindsay Lovely statement necklace! Love this necklace! It's glamorous and very showy. Will dress up any outfit and add the right amount of glam too. I got in the black, clear and I love it! :) February 6, 2014
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Browns cornerback Joe Haden has gotten the Ravens' attention heading into Sunday's game.
Haden told the Cleveland Plain Dealer on Thursday, "These Ravens aren't the Ravens of old. They're still really good, a really talented team, a division opponent, but at the same time, our team is a whole different team. It's a different squad. We still haven't gotten over the hump, but there's no reason why we can't."
Haden was responding to a question about the Ravens' 11-game winning streak against the Browns. That streak is a subject that bothers the Browns, and rightfully so. But the part about not being the Ravens of old is something they can use for motivation, if they choose to. Some believe the Ravens (3-4) don't have the personnel to repeat as Super Bowl champs. The Ravens disagree.
"Everybody saw it," said Ravens right tackle Michael Oher of Haden's quote. "I trust in the guys upstairs. We've got great guys upstairs. If you're in this organization as a player, you're a great player. We're here for a reason. I look for great things for the future of this team, the next nine weeks."
Ravens wide receiver Torrey Smith said he was not offended by Haden's comments.
"I think it's safe to say," Smith said. "It's not the same team. It's not the same guys. If we play the way we're capable of playing, we'll be okay.
"At the end of the day, it doesn't matter how people view you. It's on us to go out there and play and prove it. Last year we won the Super Bowl and no one picked us to win, going from Week 10 on. It doesn't matter what people say, whether it's your opponent, or the media, or whatever. We got to go out there and play ball. Obviously, you don't want to prove them right."
Smith said earlier this season that Haden talks plenty of trash during games, but that the two players are friends. They will have something else to discuss Sunday.


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Home » Tenderloins
Whether you call it beef tenderloin or filet mignon, this hand selected angus beef is tender enough to cut with a fork. That says it all.
Our most popular selection of beef, our Hand Selected Certified Angus grades in the top third of USDA Choice. We guarantee a whole tenderloin of finely marbled beef with excellent flavor at a price you can enjoy as often as you like.
Tenderloin Steak or Filet Mignon, this naturally raised beef is tender enough to cut with a fork. That says it all.
Naturally raised beef tenderloin combines the finest American beef flavor, raised without hormones, antibiotics or animal by-products, with the most tender of cuts. This luxurious, quick-cooking cut is so tender that you can cut it with a butter knife.
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You can indicate the ring size, special gift wrapping or any other request to the designer at checkout.
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DHL Express: 2 - 5 days from dispatch.
The coral ring is handmade in sterling silver, which is plated with a thick layer of 18K yellow gold.
The freshwater pearl is app. 12 mm diameter, with a gently flattened shape.
The ring is custom-made to your ring size.
This unique Coral Pearl Ring is part of a collection inspired by the living sculptures of corals.
In this unique ring a large white freshwater pearl is gently held by a coral made of 18k gold plated sterling silver.
The pearl is set with a pin and firmly held by the structure of the coral.
This ring, made with top level goldsmith work, is absolutely comfortable because of the top quality polishing and finishing work. The shape is designed to be stable and gentle on the finger.
It is sent beautifully gift-wrapped.
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|Jeff Klinkenberg, right, and Miami Herald photographer Tim Chapman.
Jeff Klinkenberg, Florida's best storyteller, turns in another great one this weekend for the readers of the St. Petersburg Times.
Klink has written a story about Ted Cross, a guy who takes pictures of birds.
But as with all of Jeff's stories, describing Ted Cross as just a bird photographer is like saying the stealth bomber is just an airplane.
After Harvard, he practiced law, built a business, raised a family, wrote books, edited magazines and became wealthy. He knew important people, Wall Street brokers and influential lawyers, big-shot authors and fashion models. Richard Nixon, dedicated Republican, listened to him, a lifelong Democrat, talk about black capitalism.Read Jeff's story here.


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DYE Paintball Espana & Portugal
Monday, August 23rd, 2010
I see we are getting closer to 1000 fans on the DYE Paintball Espana & Portugal Facebook page. As promised we will be giving away another 2010 Lisbon Benfica Playing Jersey. Printed with Name/Number of your choice………..
So just like before, Please "Suggest to Friends" to the left and select every fan of paintball that you have on your friends list. Then post up on this thread with how many friends you suggested. A winner will then be selected at random and contacted when we hit 1000.
Thanks guys and good luck!


text: UAH's first graduate with BFA in graphic design planned to go elsewhere, glad she didn't JUN 18, 2013 | Diana LaChance UAH graphic design major Katie Hale poses in front of her art show submission, What Do We Know?, which won the Evans Best in Show Award. José A. Betancourt | UAH Katie Hale never intended to go to The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH). "I grew up around here and went to Sparkman High School, and no one who lives here wants to stay here and go to school!" she says with a laugh. "You want to leave the nest. So I was dead set on going somewhere else." But after she received a four-year scholarship for academic excellence, her parents were able to talk her into attending UAH. "They were like, we don't want you to graduate with debt," she says. Turns out her parents were right. Not only has Hale been able to graduate debt-free with a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree, but she now looks back on her time at UAH with nothing but fond memories. "I wouldn't have traded it for anything," she says. "The Art Department here is the most nurturing and best department! The professors go beyond being teachers; they know your work, they're there to talk to you, and they email you all the time." Hale was one of two spring graduates to receive the newly established BFA degree, and the very first to receive one with a concentration in graphic design. But because the program hadn't been in place at the time she started, Hale ended up having to add an extra year to her academic career. For most people, that would be a source of frustration. But not for Hale. "It was the degree I wanted," she says with equanimity. "And in this last year, I've really come into my own. At first you want to make things that look pretty. But as you evolve, you become a conceptual thinker and make more meaningful things." Case in point, Hale's two award-winning entries in last semester's UAH Annual Juried Art Show, which this year was judged by Dr. Jinsook Kim, a professor of graphic design at Jacksonville State University. Her first submission, What Do We Know?, garnered the Evans Best in Show Award. The award comes with a $1000 prize and is sponsored by Dr. Dorla Evans, a professor of finance at UAH, and her husband Steve Evans; both are long-time advocates of the arts. Featuring graphic representations of six "Fates of the Universe," What Do We Know? centers on a tiny metal ring mounted on a small square. Inside the ring is a scrap of paper with a quote from poet William Blake's "Auguries of Innocence": We are led to believe a lie / When we see not thro' the eye "I was thinking about these theories of how the universe would end and how, as a society, we're obsessed with apocalyptic things," she says. "So my piece had to do with how people are connected and how these scientists come up with these big grand theories they pass off as fact." And the poetic excerpt? That, she says, is satirical. "I thought it fit well. Scientists will tell you what they think will happen, but how much further have we come since they said the earth was flat? You have to find your own truth." Hale's second submission, String Theory, won the Laney 3-D Award, a $100 prize sponsored by Jim Laney, the department's sculpture shop technician. The piece consists of a map overlaid with a string grid, which Hale says represents "how we are all connected on varying levels - emotionally, socially, physically." String Theory, another of Hale's art show submissions, won the Laney 3D Award. José A. Betancourt | UAH But while Hale was pleased with her pieces, she never expected to win, let alone have her work speak to an audience outside of the art community. So she was pleasantly surprised, she says, when she was approached by a fellow student and physics major who seemed to understand the pieces' message. "Art majors are immersed in this weird funky place where we're trained to think like that, but he looked at What Do We Know? and he said, 'You totally nailed it! It's so correct!'" says Hale. "So before I even won anything, I was just on cloud nine that I connected with someone from a totally different mindset." That Hale has been able to give her work such depth while at the same time connecting with people from all walks of life has not gone unnoticed by her professors, says Dr. Lillian Joyce, chair of the Art & Art History Department. "There is not a professor in the department who has not been impressed with Katie's work. In every area she has pursued, she has excelled," says Dr. Joyce. "Katie takes all of her projects past simple ends and obvious solutions. She thinks about projects from many angles and always presents something fresh and intriguing." It's a talent she's nurtured outside the classroom, too. Over the course of her academic career, Hale contributed to several collaborations between the university and the community at large, including a website detailing the use of concentration camp labor to develop the V-2 missile. That has made her something of an "ambassador for our program," says Jill Johnson, an associate professor and painting instructor in the Art & Art History Department. "Whenever she has been involved in a project, we get outstanding comments on her." And not just on her artistic ability, but also on her ability to merge art and technology to better convey the message. Take it from Dr. John Kvach, an assistant professor of history at UAH, who enlisted Hale to create a website for a project memorializing the Civil War in Madison County. "Katie emerged as a creative leader who not only developed the website but who also helped overcome complex technological hurdles," says Kvach. "Her creativity and intuitiveness will keep her busy after she graduates from UAH." It's a rare combination of skills, one that dates back to when "social media first started," she says. "In high school, I used to do graphic design stuff, like writing my own code and designing websites. I just Googled it and learned." At first you want to make things that look pretty. But as you evolve, you become a conceptual thinker and make more meaningful things. The appeal, she says, was being able to express oneself on the Internet in a way that retained one's individuality. And during an internship with local graphic design house Rooster Tail Designs during her senior year at UAH, she was able to help professional clients do just that. "It was satisfying to help someone pursue their dream and come into their own," she says. "Clients were excited about getting their logo and design. You sit down and talk to them and you find out they know more about what they want than they even realize." As for what's next, Hale says she would like to continue down the path she is on. "Graphic design is what I've known, so I think I want to go work for some corporations for a while and see what it's like to do for a living," she says. And if that doesn't work out - "if I really hate it and it's just completely soul wrenching," she says - then she will consider graduate school. Only not a high-pressure art school, she says, but rather a nurturing one similar to UAH. "I really enjoyed the experience I had here. Our department was like a small family, and you wouldn't expect that at a technically focused school," she says. "So I think going into a place where you don't expect this grand thing that's been built up, I think it's a good thing." Of course, she could always ask her parents what to do. After all, they were right on two counts about her coming to UAH - not only did she love it here, but she was also able to afford the high-quality education she received. But Hale says about the only advice she's getting from them since moving back home is to clean up her stuff. "I think I took over our dining room - it ceased to be our dining room," she says with a laugh. "My mom's like we need to find you a place!" Learn More UAH College of Liberal Arts UAH Art & Art History Department Contact Diana LaChance 256.824.6878 email@example.com SHARE Related News {{article.title}} Popular Stories {{article.title}}


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A world of underwater fun and 4D adventures for the whole family
Imagination ZoneIn Imagination Zone you will find lots of fun and activities for children and families who love letting their imagination soar.
Atlantis by SEA LIFE – get close to sharks and sunken treasureGrab your hat and swimming goggles, and go on a diving expedition to Atlantis with the cool LEGO® divers. But beware! The treasure is guarded by live sharks!
CRABZILLA: Meet the biggest crabs in Denmark – if you dare!Take a deep breath and get ready for a genuine monster of an experience. Atlantis by SEA LIFETM has landed the hugest Japanese giant crabs in Denmark, and they are waiting to greet you with their 2-metre claw-span. Put your head into the glass dome to get up close and personal with these giants of the sea. We dare you!
LEGO Studios – Scandinavia's biggest 4D cinemaAt LEGO Studios you can see films that engage all your senses. Scandinavia's biggest 4D cinema is equipped with technologically advanced lighting and sound. Put on your 3D glasses and experience a truly wonderful world. We are proud to present:
• LEGO® LEGENDS OF CHIMA™ – only in LEGOLAND®
• Clutch Powers – the thrilling 4D action film, which you can only see in LEGOLAND• LEGO Racers – get behind the wheel of a lightning fast race car.
Please note: not suitable for children less than 3 years old.
The Music Fountain – an interactive music fountainClose to LEGO Studios you will find an interactive fountain. If you are quick on your feet, you can make the instruments in the Music Fountain play melodies!
Eating and shoppingImagination Zone has two ice cream shops: DUPLO® Ice and Slush Ice Paradise. If you're hungry for something more filling, you can enjoy a meal at Burger House or Fresh n' Green. And for tasty souvenirs of your day in LEGOLAND, you are sure to find something at Candy Corner.
Food and beverages• Burger House• Fresh n' Green• DUPLO Ice • Slush Ice Paradise
Did you know that 3D technology involves superimposing two pictures on top of each other? Each eye registers a picture, and the polarised 3D glasses enable the brain to form a complete, three dimensional picture. And you see only one!
Did you know that it took 230,000 LEGO bricks to build the models of the 4 LEGO submarines, 15 LEGO divers and the skeleton on the floor of Atlantis? The largest submarine is 4.4 metres long.
Did you know that it's the seahorse males that give birth? And that Atlantis by SEA LIFE has succeeded in getting sea horses to breed, which is very extremely rare in captivity.
• The screen is 6.5 metres tall and 11 metres wide• The loudspeakers have 32,000 W output power – 2000 W are normally enough for an indoor music event• 8 huge wind cannons that resemble jet plane motors have been installed to create "wind"• 200 projectors are coordinated to go on and off with the action and music• 25 km of cables and wire were required to make LEGO STUDIOS function.
• Atlantis contains 600,000 litres of water, of which the large Ocean Aquarium alone contains 530,000 litres • 20 tons of salt were used to make the water as salty as sea water• The water recycles once an hour, corresponding to 10,000 litres per minute.
Miniland is the heart of LEGOLAND®. Here, you can see the world in miniature and enjoy famous buildings, capital cities, villages and exciting areas, built of 20 million LEGO® bricks.
Read more about the Miniland area.
LEGOREDO® Town is the Wild West area in calm and peaceful LEGOLAND®. Here, the smell of gun smoke blends with the delicious aroma of spare ribs from the Saloon and campfire bread as only Chief Longears can bake it. Read more about LEGOREDO Town.
Imagination Zone is the place where you can set your imagination free and experience the world in new ways – in Scandinavia's biggest 4D cinema, or from the bottom of the sea. Read more about the Imagination Zone
If you like action and excitement, put on your tropical helmet and make your way to Adventure Land, where big kids ride one of the coolest roller coasters in LEGOLAND. And go on the wildest treasure hunt in THE TEMPLE. Read more about Adventure Land.
KNIGHTS' KINGDOMTM welcomes all knights and princesses to a command performance at the King's Castle, where The Dragon roars in the dungeon! Read more about KNIGHTS' KINGDOM
DUPLO® Land is a colourful play paradise filled with fun and activities for little kids. Here, tiny tots can roam safely at will, as they play, explore and discover. Read more about DUPLO Land
Grab your pirate gear and take a voyage to Pirate Land where there are pirates, sea monsters and wild, wet water battles for daring pirates of all ages! Aaarrrgh! Read more about Pirate Land.
Bring the whole family on a wild adventure in our gigantic Polar Land. Get ready to enjoy the biggest attraction LEGOLAND has ever built: the cool Polar X-plorer rollercoaster. This ride has a unique 5-metre drop that will turn your blood to ice. Learn more about Polar Land.
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Review By Mike Chambers - November 8, 2007
PERFORMANCE AT 1680x1050
Performance testing began with the resolution of 1680x1050, which is native to most 22" widescreen LCD monitors. These monitors generally range in price from $200-$300.
With the horsepower behind the GeForce 8800 Series, older titles like Doom 3 and Far Cry are tested with 8x antialiasing. Here, the MSI NX8800GT delivered outstanding performance even though the GeForce 8800 GTX had a 20% higher average frame rate. The biggest advantage was 24%, which occurred when supersampling transparency antialiasing (SSTAA) was enabled in Far Cry. Notice the performance hit in Far Cry when moving from multisampling transparency antialiasing (MSTAA) to SSTAA.
On the other hand, the NX8800GT outperformed the GeForce 8800 GTX in Dark Messiah, which is based on Valve's Source engine and matched the performance of the GeForce 8800 GTX in the role-playing title Gothic 3.
In most cases, the performance of the MSI NX8800GT was close to the GeForce 8800 GTX in the following tests, which were conducted with either 4x or 8x antialiasing enabled. The results in Oblivion, which also made use of high dynamic range (HDR) along with maximum quality in-game settings, were impressive.
Again, note the effect on performance when MSTAA is compared to SSTAA in Oblivion.
Next Page: Performance at 1920x1200
Last Updated on November 8, 2007


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A Professor's Wife
"A baby changes everything"
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Pregnant woman in NYC 101
My husband and I celebrated our 7 year wedding anniversary in NYC this past weekend, knowing beforehand that the trip could potentially wear this 6+ month pregnant lady down big time. I expected no special treatment from tourists or locals, fully anticipating a Saturday and Sunday full of getting knocked around, bumped into, yelled at […] [Read More]
Hair, travel, and verification frustration
A big bag of random for you: I've been putting off a trip to see Richie at Rumors because I have no idea what to do with this hair. I'll forego my usual spring blond for now, because it's time consuming, not to mention pricey (helloooo baby and house?) to maintain. So that leaves me […] [Read More]


text: If that was an archive.org version of his site, then yes, they'd be under the "Inventions" section. You want to read, and in the following order: "The Silver Fox." "Return of the Silver Fox." "A View of the Stars." "The Silver Fox Strikes Again." "The Elusive Silver Fox." Also worth reading, but unrelated: "The Good Old Days" and "Surely You Can't Be Serious: The Life and Times of a Rounding Error."


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Buc-ee's travel stop mecca to open May 7
Store brings jobs, gas pumps, Beaver Nuggets
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Where is it from?
- A User Melbourne, Australia
- A User Melbourne, Australia
- B User South Yarra, Australia
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Standard Weight - Troy Pound, British Parliamentary Copy No 29, 1844 Reg. No: ST 042515
- Summary:
- Standard Troy pound, Parliamentary Copy of the British Standard Pound, no. 29, 1844. Used as a primary standard for the Colony of Victoria.
The standard pound was placed in the custody of Government Astronomer, Robert Ellery, in 1860.
1 troy pound is approximately 373g.
- Statement Of Significance:
- From its inception the Melbourne Observatory had sets of standard weights and measures, which had been tested in Britain against the Imperial standards. These included the primary standard yard and pound for the Colony of Victoria. Other standards of weight and measure in the colony could be compared to these primary standards.
The British Imperial Standards of 1824 had three measures of weight: troy weight, used for precious metals, avoirdupois weight, used for other purposes, and apothecaries' weight. The troy pound was the primary standard. The troy pound was replaced as the standard by the avoirdupois pound in 1879, and the troy system only used for weights of an ounce or less.
The British Imperial Standards were introduced in 1824, to systematise the varying standards that had been used previously. Unfortunately these standards were destroyed when the British Houses of Parliament burned down in 1834, and new standards had to be established.
Authorised Parliamentary Copies of the British Standard Troy Pound were made in 1844 and distributed to major cities in the United Kingdom and the British colonies. This standard Troy Pound is Parliamentary Copy No 29, made in 1844, and sent to Melbourne. The standard was initially held by the Customs Department, then transferred to Robert Ellery, Government Astronomer in 1860.
This Troy Pound standard was lent for a time to the Melbourne Branch of the Royal Mint in 1875, to test its own standards of weight, essential in the making of coins.
- Acquisition Information:
- Transfer from Victoria: Local Government Department Office of Trade Measurement (formerly Weights & Measures Branch), 1994
|6 cm (Height), 7 cm (Width), 7 cm (Length)
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|observatories, standard weights measures, weights
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|Weights & Measures at Melbourne Observatory, Royal Mint, Melbourne Branch, Melbourne, Victoria, Melbourne Observatory Collection, Domestic & Community Life Collection, Working Life & Trades Collection, Positional Astronomy at Melbourne Observatory, Melbourne Observatory & Standard Time in Victoria, Astrographic Catalogue, Transits of Venus, 1874 & 1882, Buildings at Melbourne Observatory, Star Observations & Personal Equation, Meteorology at Melbourne Observatory, 1863-1908, Melbourne Observatory, 1863-1944, Geodetic Survey of Victoria, 1858-1872, Branch Mints of the Royal Mint, Deputy Masters of the Melbourne Branch of the Royal Mint, Closure of Melbourne Mint, Melbourne Mint during World War II, Establishment of Melbourne Mint, 1872, Melbourne Mint
|Primary Classification:
|Secondary Classification:
|Weights & Measures
|Tertiary Classification:
|standard weights
|Stamped on top of weight: 'VR 1844 1 tb No 29'.
|Victoria: Customs & Excise Department, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 1844-1860
|Melbourne Observatory, South Yarra, Victoria, Australia, 1860-1944
|Royal Mint, Melbourne Branch, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 1875
This item is part of the following themes:
- Weights & Measures at Melbourne Observatory
- Royal Mint, Melbourne Branch, Melbourne, Victoria
- Melbourne Observatory Collection
- Domestic & Community Life Collection
- Working Life & Trades Collection
- Positional Astronomy at Melbourne Observatory
- Melbourne Observatory & Standard Time in Victoria
- Astrographic Catalogue
- Transits of Venus, 1874 & 1882
- Buildings at Melbourne Observatory
- Star Observations & Personal Equation
- Meteorology at Melbourne Observatory, 1863-1908
- Melbourne Observatory, 1863-1944
- Geodetic Survey of Victoria, 1858-1872
- Branch Mints of the Royal Mint
- Deputy Masters of the Melbourne Branch of the Royal Mint
- Closure of Melbourne Mint
- Melbourne Mint during World War II
- Establishment of Melbourne Mint, 1872
- Melbourne Mint
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Updated: 04/19/2013 7:05 PM KSTP.com
(AP) ARLINGTON, Texas - Matt Harrison tried to pitch through lower back soreness his first two starts this season for the Texas Rangers. He then got two epidural injections and a second opinion when he went on the disabled list.
Despite all that, the Rangers' opening-day starter still won't be able to avoid surgery.
General manager Jon Daniels said Friday that Harrison, on the disabled list because of an inflamed nerve in his back, is scheduled for an operation Tuesday to repair a herniated disk. The left-hander likely won't be back in the rotation until after the All-Star break.
"The treatments we tried to do didn't work. It's unfortunate," Harrison said. "I'm trying to stay positive through this and look forward to getting this taken care of and getting this thing back on track and getting back healthy and playing ball again. ... This is pretty much last resort for getting it right `'
An 18-game winner and All-Star last season, Harrison still was having problems after the epidural injections in his back.
"Unfortunately the symptoms are not responding the way we hoped they would," Daniels said. "The percentages with this kind of surgery are very good but we want to get through it and make sure it goes as expected before we put any hard timetable on it."
Harrison, in the first season of a $55 million, five-year contract, never had any back problems before this spring, when he first felt something wrong while running. But he kept pushing through, and symptoms got worse.
Despite stiffness in his back causing numbness and weakness in his left leg, Harrison made his first two starts. He lost both, giving up a pair of two-run homers in the first inning of the second one, and had an 8.44 ERA before going on the disabled list after that last start April 7.
"I thought I could make adjustments and pitch through it. But it just wasn't working. The biggest thing was the weakness in my leg," Harrison said. "The release point was inconsistent every pitch. I just couldn't find any way to make it consistent. I'm not doing the team any favors by trying to pitch through it. So I might as well get it right."
Harrison flew to Los Angeles a week ago for a second opinion. His surgery in Texas will be done by Dr. Drew Dossett.
Daniels said Harrison is "particularly important to us" and that the surgery now is the best thing for him and the team "rather than wait and waste two or three weeks when it doesn't seem like rehab was going to be effective."
The news of Harrison's pending surgery came on the same day that veteran right-hander Colby Lewis, who is recovering from elbow surgery, threw live batting practice. Daniels said Lewis will have one or two more similar sessions before an extended spring game and then a rehabilitation assignment.
Right-hander Justin Grimm allowed two runs over four innings in his first start for Harrison before a rainout wiped out his second scheduled start Wednesday. Grimm is scheduled to pitch Sunday in the series finale against Seattle after rookie right-hander Nick Tepesch (1-1, 3.46 ERA) starts Saturday night.
Daniels said there are no plans to make any changes in the rotation at this point for the Rangers, who haven't lost a series this season.
The only other surgery Harrison has had was in 2009, when he was diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome, which affects the nerves that pass through the shoulder into the neck. He had surgery to remove a rib on the left side of his upper chest and came back strong from that.
Harrison is already focusing on what he will have to do to get back on the mound after the back surgery. He expects a recovery time of two to three months.
"I'm definitely frustrated because I'm not out there and doing what I love to do on an everyday basis. But at the same time, I didn't have any control over what happened," Harrison said. "It's not like I jumped off a roof trying to jump in a pool or doing something stupid. It just happened. So, I try to stay through it. ... Hopefully I can have a speedy recovery and get through this rehab."
(Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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New York
Manhattan Cocktail Classic?
Any other SEers going? Looks like our Michael Neff's Sunday event still has room, but I'm anticipating still being hung over from the Friday gala. I'll be the one in navy sequins scouting for gin.
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
Check out this post for a more thorough explanation, and jump onto our Facebook page or our Twitter feed to keep the conversations going!


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A games table AND a kids desk. This unit has two tops, lift off the one with a variety of board games, plus a table tennis set, to reveal th...
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Children's Gemini Football Table from Mightymast, with 2 footballs and a manual scorer. This football table comes flatpacked and is easy to assemble w...
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Veronica Vasicka is a photographer, musician, DJ and founder of the epic record label and on-line music resource Minimal Wave. As one of the founding members of East Village Radio, she managed the station during its pirate days and began collecting obscure and long forgotten gems that fell somewhere between the Cold Wave, Post Punk and Minimal Synth genres.
Revel in New York is a city and culture guide for curious travelers and locals alike. Through our original videos we introduce you to interesting New Yorkers that range from established artists, chefs, and musicians to the equally charismatic characters operating outside the margins of popular culture.Visit www.revelinnewyork.com for each subjects cultural recommendations in NYC and beyond.


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Catalina Seersucker Crib Set
The gentle color palette of bright white and pale khaki create a soothing look that is sophisticated yet serene.
- Khaki Seersucker padded bumper, piping in Shell and 10" ties in White Twill.
- Tailored duster in Shell with White Twill trim.
- White crib sheet fits a standard crib mattress (approximately 52"x27")
- Items are 100% cotton poplin, bumper has polyester fill
- Machine washable for easy care; tumble dry low
- Made in USA
*To order swatches: choose "Swatch Set" from the dropdown menu above.
Delivery Method: United Parcel Service
Estimated Ship Date: Our bedding is made to order and ships within approximately 4-6 weeks. Swatch Sets are mailed through US Postel Service and should arrive within 4-5 business days.


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Set during the reign of Constantine the Great, as Christianity is introduced to Rome, these feature Claudia, agent of the Empress Helena. There are four books in the series to date (despite what Wikipedia thinks, Domina (2002) is not part of it) with hopefully more to come.
I would highly recommend reading this series in order.
In which we meet Claudia and her supporting cast, from the Emperor of Rome to the local tavern community. When courtesans that have been with the Emperor Constantine are found murdered, branded with the symbol of the newly-legal Christian religion, Claudia has to find the murderer before all of Rome is threatened.
An horrific serial killer returns to stalk the streets as Claudia investigates the murder of one of the previous emperor's cronies – stabbed in the back inside a locked room.


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This week's Closures & Layoffs report from Mark Heschmeyer. I think we forgot to post this for a couple of weeks. But you know where to find them: CoStar.com.
Closures & Layoffs (Mar. 22-28): Mass Layoffs Increasing
By Mark Heschmeyer | March 25, 2009
Read the rest of the report.


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Bruce Telzer
Professor of Biology, Blanche & Frank R. Seaver Professor of Science
Contact Information
R. C. Seaver Biology Building,
Room 22
175 W Sixth Street
Claremont, CA 91711
Ph.D. Yale University
B.A. State University of New York, Buffalo
Professional Experience
Assistant, Associate, and Full Professor of Biology, Pomona College
Postdoctoral Fellow, Princeton University
Postdoctoral Fellow, Yale School of Medicine
Biology 41C: Introduction to Cell Chemistry & Cell Biology
Biology 163: Cell Biology
Research Interests
My research is focused on understanding the basis of intracellular motility, specifically the movements of organelles along microtubule tracks generated by molecular motors. Much of this work involves high resolution, digital imaging of cells or cell extracts in an effort to understand how the motors are regulated.
Selected Publications
Telzer, B.R., and L.T. Haimo. 2001. Chromatophores as tools for the study of organelle transport. Methods Mol. Biol. 161: 201-214.
Hansch, C., B.R. Telzer, and L. Zhang. 1995. Comparative QSAR in toxicology: Examples from teratology and cancer chemotherapy of aniline mustards. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 25: 67-89.


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In my garage is a giant white box. It's an albatross of sorts. It's been sitting in there for months. It's my wedding dress, and for the life of me I can't figure out what to do with it. I got married in 1990 so it's big and poufy – beautiful, but big and poufy nonetheless. I doubt, unless fashion comes WAY back around, that any of my daughters will ask to wear it. I don't know if I'd want them to – I'm not superstitious but ugh.
I keep thinking that maybe I could donate it, but where? My oldest daughter recommended making pillows with it – those would be some gaudy pillows to be sure! I've thought about keeping some of the fabric – it's gorgeous, but truly it'll just end up in a box in the basement with all the other fabric I'm not going to do anything with for the next 15 years. (The number of projects I'm saving for my empty-nest years is staggering!)
There is probably some interesting psychological issue for me keeping it in the garage, haphazardly thrown between the freezer and the bikes. Keeping it is probably the bigger issue – not the throwing. Throwing it anywhere including away would be more understandable in some ways. What am I doing with this silly dress – or maybe I should ask, "What am I going to do with this silly dress?"
I have a box of wedding and marriage memorabilia in the basement. It's full of those sweet things you keep from your wedding day and honeymoon. There are love notes and cards – even ones I received during the months before my husband left. I keep them because I want my children to see that we really loved each other. I hope that's a good idea. The dress won't fit in that box – otherwise I'd probably cram it in.
There are plenty of pictures of me in the dress. That should suffice. I guess I want that blasted dress to mean something it can't anymore. My dress is just a picture of lost hopes and dreams. Betrayal and lies. Wow, that sounds like a made for TV movie, "The Wedding Dress" "Lace and Satin turns to lies and scandal!!!! Watch this weekend at 9 on Lifetime!!!"
I guess in some ways I'm blessed because I don't look at it with any regret. I'm thankful that I had 17+ joyful years of marriage. There is something to be said for blissfully unaware. Marriage wasn't always easy or fun, but I loved being married – maybe that's why I struggle with what to do with the wedding dress. I don't have bad memories – well, not until the end. Ugh…and those memories were about someone very different than the man I walked towards down that church aisle. God is so gracious to give me good memories and a pretty okay perspective about the present. It is ALL Him! I'm so thankful. Otherwise, I'd probably have burned this dress in the middle of the cul-de-sac!
As I write this I'm realizing that it really doesn't symbolize anything good or bad. It's just a dress I wore not anything more. It was lovely and a joy to wear. I'll leave it at that. Maybe there is some dear young bride who would enjoy my beautiful dress? Maybe they can de-pouf it?
I suppose I have my answer. Clean-up day at our house is fast approaching. I think I will add one more thing to the list.
#142 Find a good home for that big white box.
3 responses to "The Big White Box"
Love your perspective! You can feel pain, but let the bitterness go. That is an amazing gift. Thanks for sharing it with us. I think some other bride could enjoy that dress, or maybe even a girl getting ready for her Quinceanera. Those white dresses are often poufy and beautiful!
Love you, sister!
Do donate it to a thrift store, so that it goes to a bride without any history attached, and becomes a big blessing to her.
Or sell it on ebay?
I had to cry when I read all the trials you went through, but God has been sufficient and has comforted you. You will be a stronger person because of the trials and tribulations and by wriing about it, it will console some single Moms who are going through what you are going through. Your children need you and feel happy to have a sweet Mom like you. Don't sweat the small stuff. Your kids need you. I was entertained reading about your life.
You expressed yourself very well. God Bless you.
Love, Aunt BettyCastro


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Ultimate Fireplace
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OFA: 'The Road Weve Traveled' Trailer
The Obama campaign released a trailer to its 17-minute documentary, with a bit of Hollywood flair.
Delivering his best narration since the end of "Apollo 13," actor Tom Hanks asks the audience to recall the difficulties America faced before President Obama took office and the hope that still remains.
"How do we understand this president and his time in office?" Hanks says behind images of Obama's election night celebration. "Do we look at the day's headline, or do we remember what we as country have been through?"
The trailer offers a defense of tackling health care reform and the auto bailout. Top former and current Obama administration officials paint a dramatic image of President Obama's leadership in office.
And beyond key officials like Obama chief strategist David Axelrod and former White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel, Senate candidate Elizabeth Warren also makes an appearance.
"If the auto industry goes down, what happens to America's manufacturing base, what happens to jobs in America, what happens to the whole Midwest?" she says in the video. Warren served as a special advisor for the Consumer Protection Bureau, and is very popular with the Democratic base—a clear sign the campaign is trying to capitalize on that fire.
Vice President Joe Biden also offers his take of Obama's handling of Osama bin Laden, cutting to night-vision video of Navy SEAL helicopters and satellite images of the compound. "We had to make a decision: go or not go," Biden says.
The documentary, which is directed by Davis Guggenheim—the filmmaker behind Al Gore's "An Inconvenient Truth" and the public education-focused "Waiting for Superman" —is set to be released on March 15.


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Shrewsbury Democrats Caucus
Monday, Feb 11, 2013 at 7:00pm
45 Oak St.
Shrewsbury - Registered Democrats in Shrewsbury, organized by the Shrewsbury Democratic Town Committee, will be holding a caucus on Monday, February 11th at 7:00 PM in the Media Center of Oak Middle School (45 Oak Street) to select delegates to the 2013 Massachusetts Democratic State Convention in Lowell.
Participants at the caucus will elect 17 delegates and 3 alternates.
The Convention will be held July 13th at the Tsongas Center in Lowell; the original June date has been changed by the Democratic State Committee as not to coincide with the Special Election for U.S. Senate. Delegates to this year's convention will set the official Platform of the Massachusetts Democratic Party.
The caucus is open to all registered Democrats in Shrewsbury, provided that they were registered as such by December 31st, 2012. Those not elected as Delegate and/or Alternate, who meet the qualifications, may apply to be add-on delegates in a variety of categories; more information is available at www.MassDems.org.
For additional caucus information, contact Shrewsbury Democratic Town Committee Chair Jason Palitsch at


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Crystal clarity and colossal oomph from an affordable, reliable cab.
160W RMS through a huge 15" driver is serious power for any stage monitor, or use it as another main. The Nady FWA-15 Powered Floor Monitor has a 5" x 15" compression piezo horn for sparkling high-end. 3 channel inputs include XLR and 1/4" mic level, balanced XLR and 1/4" line level, plus balanced XLR and dual RCA line level. Each of the channels features input gain control, making it so versatile you could use it for a solo act without a mixer. Line level balanced XLR and unbalanced 1/4" outputs make any kind of chaining a breeze. Master volume, treble, and bass controls; power and clipping LEDs; and on/off switch. The monitors have a durable black carpet cover, reinforced corners, and recessed carry handles. 60Hz to 18kHz response and 87dB S/N ratio. 18"W x 30"H x 21-1/2"D, 53 lbs.