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Defense of Marriage in Rhode Island: Helpful Web Resource
A great webpage from the Diocese of Providence: "Protecting Marriage in Rhode Island."
Resources include columns by Bishop Thomas Tobin:
And articles by others:
- "Marriage should be strengthened, not redefined" (Fr. John A. Kiley)
- "Civil unions are not the answer" (Rhode Island Catholic editorial)
There is a link for Rhode Islanders to contact their state representative and urge them to protect marriage: "Let's Fix the Economy and Protect, Not Redefine, Marriage"
(Rhode Island is facing a legislative challenge to marriage, and on Wednesday April 24, the State Senate voted in favor of a bill that would redefine marriage to include persons of the same sex. The bill goes back to the House for a vote, and is expected to be sent to the governor for his signature. Pray for Rhode Island!)
Bishop Tobin (Providence): Don't Redefine Marriage in Rhode Island
In addition to Illinois and several other states, Rhode Island too is facing a marriage redefinition challenge. There, a bill that would redefine marriage to include two persons of the same sex was introduced on January 3rd in both the House and the Senate. It is expected that the full House could vote on the bill by the end of January.
In response, Bishop Thomas J. Tobin of Providence has written a column entitled "The General Assembly Should Reject 'Same-Sex Marriage'." In it, he provides a number of reasons why the proposal to redefine marriage in Rhode Island is "immoral and unnecessary."
Among his reasons, Bishop Tobin writes, "Marriage between a man and a woman was designed by God for two specific reasons: to affirm the complementary roles of males and females in a loving relationship, and to provide a stable foundation for the procreation and raising of children." Redefining marriage to include two men or two women means that marriage can no longer do either of those goals.
In addition, writes the bishop, redefining marriage "enshrines into civil law immoral activity." It is also "an untested social experiment with unpredictable long-term outcomes" and it "would pose yet another threat to religious freedom." Bishop Tobin points out that religious exemptions notwithstanding, in locales where marriage is redefined, religious entities "will be obliged to extend their resources, facilities and benefits to individuals who are living in immoral relationships – contrary to sincerely held religious beliefs." He continues, "This is not a hypothetical situation; it's already happening throughout our nation."
Bishop Tobin argues that if the question of marriage must be raised again in Rhode Island (civil union legislation was passed in the summer of 2011, a move denounced by Archbishop Cordileone), then a referendum should be brought to the general public. He also challenges the ideas that redefining marriage constitutes a civil right and that marriage redefinition is inevitable:
It has been said that 'the world is changing' and that we need to get with the times. Well, it's certainly true that the world is changing, but the truth is that not all change is good. It's never good to accept and promote immoral activity; it's never good to experiment dangerously with the long-term well-being of the community; it's never good to impose a politically-correct, socially-fashionable agenda item on the entire community, especially if it challenges the conscience and religious liberty of many, many citizens.
He ends by urging Rhode Island citizens to contact their legislators and urge them not to redefine marriage.
More from Bishop Tobin:
- Five Reasons Not To Redefine Marriage (March 14, 2012)
- Because We Love, We Preach The Truth (Sept. 30, 2010)
- Why You Should Worry About 'Gay Marriage' (Nov 1, 2007)
- Why 'Gay Marriage' Is Wrong (April 20, 2006)
More from Illinois: An In-depth Look at the Defense of Marriage Toolkit
As was said yesterday, Illinois is one of the current battlegrounds for marriage laws. We've already shared some great teaching from Cardinal George of Chicago (a letter to parishioners and an article in the Chicago Catholic paper) and Bishop Paprocki of Springfield in Illinois (a letter to parishioners). Today we'll look at another effort afoot in Illinois to catechize the faithful on the authentic meaning of marriage.
Marriage Toolkit from the Catholic Conference of Illinois [CCI]
Today we have an exclusive interview with a member of the defense of marriage team in Illinois who helped to develop a Marriage Toolkit, about which we've previously posted. Carlos Tejeda, the director of the marriage and family life office in the Diocese of Springfield in Illinois, spoke with Marriage: Unique for a Reason about the new Toolkit and what CCI hopes to accomplish with it.
Carlos said that the Toolkit was developed by a team of people from across the state, all of whom are members of the CCI's defense of marriage department. (Other departments include Catholics for life, education, and social services.) Less than two years old, the defense of marriage department's first major project was the Marriage Toolkit, which has been in the works since the department's inception.
The Toolkit's Aim, and Promotion Strategy
The inspiration for the Toolkit was the realization that helping people understand the truth of marriage is, as Carlos described it, "a difficult task." Taking the successful USCCB Respect Life program as a model, the Marriage Toolkit aims to make that "difficult task" of catechizing about marriage more manageable for priests and laity alike.
According to Carlos, what the CCI hopes to accomplish with the Marriage Toolkit is to get a concrete, usable resource into the hands of parishioners, parish staff, pastors, and even non-Catholics – anyone who desires a resource that can help them articulate the truth of marriage in a difficult cultural setting.
There are a variety of avenues that will be used to promote the Marriage Toolkit. The main channel will be at the parish level, through parish staff and pastors. Carlos said that a long-term goal of the defense of marriage department is to have a designated representative at each parish or parish cluster who can relay information from the CCI to the parish. The Illinois Catholic Advocacy Network, or ICAN, provides another way of promoting the Toolkit. Through ICAN, which is run by the CCI, Illinois residents can receive updates on a variety of issues via text message or email. Monthly mailings to priests and parishes, and a priest gathering in the Spring, provide additional opportunities for sharing the Toolkit. And Carlos said that he is making himself available for presentations to parish staff and other groups to get the word out in a more personal manner.
Specific sections: Q&A and Courage
Speaking of the Toolkit's content, Carlos said that the Q&A section is particularly important. He said that when people read through the questions and answers silently, away from conversation and the adrenaline such a heated topic brings, they can begin to build their confidence about this topic that will aid them when that "teachable moment" arrives. Quoting another member of the defense of marriage department, Carlos said that the long-term goal is for every Catholic to "understand, articulate, and embrace" the Church's teaching on marriage. All three are important, but often a person might be comfortable with only one or two. The questions and answers included in the Toolkit help foster all three: understanding, articulating, and embracing what the Church tells us about marriage.
Carlos also highlighted the section of the Toolkit that identifies Courage as a ministry for persons with same-sex attraction who want to live a life of chastity. He noted that the Church is our Mother, and if a mother has a child with a difficulty, she doesn't just let him be burdened, but instead she helps him. People with same-sex attraction are children of the Church. They need clarity on the Church's teaching, yes, but they also need to be equipped to live out chastity, a call applicable to everyone. In other words, both clarity and pastoral action – truth and charity – are essential.
Finally, Carlos noted that the main task now for the defense of marriage department is to share and implement the Marriage Toolkit. Depending on what the Illinois legislature does with the pending marriage redefinition bill, the context of the Toolkit could change. For example, religious liberty implications of marriage redefinition could be brought more to the forefront. But regardless of political outcomes, the goal of the Marriage Toolkit remains the same: equipping Catholics and all people of good will to understand, articulate, and embrace the timeless teachings of the Church on marriage and sexual difference.
- Read the Catholic Conference of Illinois' Marriage Toolkit [PDF]
- Sign up for the Illinois Catholic Advocacy Network
- Read the letters on marriage by Cardinal George and Bishop Paprocki, read at all masses January 5/6 in Chicago and Springfield in Illinois, respectively
- Read Cardinal George's article: "Legislation creating 'same-sex' marriage: What's at stake?"
Cardinal George and Bishop Paprocki: Don't Redefine Marriage in Illinois
Illinois is one of several states where legislators voiced plans after the November election to seek marriage redefinition in 2013. (Delaware, Rhode Island, and Minnesota are also on the list.) Illinois had passed civil unions legislation in 2010, a law strongly opposed by the Illinois bishops. While as of this morning it appears that a marriage redefinition bill will not be brought to a vote in the current legislative session, it remains a threat. The Catholic leadership in Illinois has responded quickly and vocally to this new challenge. We have already featured here the new Defense of Marriage Toolkit offered by the Catholic Conference of Illinois. And now this weekend, January 5/6, Cardinal Francis George and Bishop Thomas John Paprocki have asked for letters about marriage to be read at all of the parishes in Chicago and Springfield, respectively.
The message their parishioners will hear is crystal clear: marriage's reality, rooted in nature, is the union of one man and one woman. It is a reality that no law can change. If the law does change to remove the gender requirement from marriage, Catholics and all those who hold to the authentic meaning of marriage can expect to face legal difficulties and social stigma.
Cardinal George: "'Same-sex Marriage:' What do Nature and Nature's God Say?"
In his letter, co-signed by all the Chicago auxiliary bishops, Cardinal George emphasizes that marriage is not created by the State or by the Church, but that "marriage comes to us from nature. The human species comes in two complementary sexes, male and female. Their sexual union is called marital." The State cannot change this natural reality of marriage; to try would create a "legal fiction."
The Cardinal also highlights the various pastoral outreaches to persons with same-sex attraction in Chicago, noting that "the Church offers the means to live chastely in all circumstances, as the love of God both obliges and makes possible."
Cardinal George says strongly that if the Illinois legislature passes a marriage redefinition law, "it will be acting against the common good of society. We will all have to pretend to accept something that is contrary to the common sense of the human race." He urges parishioners to visit the website of the Illinois Catholic Conference to stay updated on the latest in the marriage debate and find out how to contact their elected officials.
Bishop Paprocki: Proposed Law Threatens Marriage and Religious Liberty
In his letter, Bishop Paprocki calls attention to the "fraudulent" title of the marriage redefinition bill: "The Religious Freedom and Marriage Fairness Act." In fact, writes the bishop, "the proposed law is…a grave assault upon both religious liberty and marriage." He too emphasizes the natural reality of marriage as the union of a man and a woman: lacking sexual difference, two men or two women "cannot extend a union of hearts by a true bodily union. They cannot turn a friendship into the one-flesh union of marriage. They are not marital."
The bishop stresses that redefining marriage in the law would do just that – redefine marriage. It is not simply "expand[ing] the eligibility roster for marriage," as many claim. More specifically, there are three harmful ideas that would be enshrined in law post-marriage redefinition:
- What essentially makes a marriage is romantic-emotional union
- Children don't need both a mother and father.
- The main purpose of marriage is adult satisfaction.
These three ideas contradict the long-standing consensus that marriage is recognized in civil law precisely because the love between a man and a woman has the capacity to bring a child into the world. As the bishop says, the "love-making acts" of a man and a woman "are life-giving acts." Marriage involves commitment and intimacy, yes, but commitment and intimacy of a life-giving nature. Preserving marriage in civil law does justice to children by recognizing their need to be reared by a father and mother together.
Bishop Paprocki concludes by stating forcefully that the proposed bill is "a lethal attack upon religious liberty." For those who are still skeptical, he points to the fact that Illinois has already seen consequences of laws erosive to marriage. As the bishop notes, after civil unions were passed in 2011, Catholic Charities was forced out of foster care and adoption services in Illinois. He adds that broader religious exemptions are not the answer. "There is no way," he writes, "none whatsoever – for those who believe that marriage is exclusively the union of husband and wife to avoid legal penalties and harsh discriminatory treatment if the bill becomes law. … The only way to protect religious liberty, and to preserve marriage, is to defeat this perilous proposal."
- Illinois residents can find their elected officials' contact information at the Illinois Catholic Conference website.
- Defense of Marriage Toolkit from the Illinois Catholic Conference
- Redefinition of Marriage website from the Illinois Catholic Conference
New Resource: Defense of Marriage Toolkit
The Catholic Conference of Illinois [CCI] has released a valuable new resource for clergy and the laity in their efforts to promote and defend marriage: a Marriage Toolkit entitled "Understanding & Promoting the Catholic Church's Teaching on Marriage" [PDF]. As explained in a press release, "The toolkit is designed to help Catholic individuals and parish communities understand, explain and promote the Catholic Church's teaching to the following questions:
- What is marriage?
- Why is the definition of marriage important?
- Why does the Church endure the repercussions of taking a stance on marriage which is contrary to popular social trends and media advocacy?
- And, most importantly, why should you care about marriage?"
In order to answer these questions, the Toolkit provides an extensive Q&A on the subject, suggestions for further resources (including the Marriage: Unique for a Reason website), tips for homilists and catechists on giving marriage-related homilies and reflections, and information about the apostolate Courage, a ministry for persons with same-sex attraction. All of these components are available as stand-alone hand-outs.
The Toolkit is a joint effort developed by the Defense of Marriage Department of the CCI. Previously in 2009, the CCI produced a pamphlet explaining the link between civil union legislation and full marriage redefinition: "Promotion Civil Unions to Undermine Marriage" [PDF].
We encourage you to check out this valuable new resource. The entire toolkit can be downloaded as a PDF here.
Post-election round-up: Statements from (Arch)bishops and Catholic Conferences: Disappointment, gratitude, resolve
In addition to Archbishop Cordileone's statement expressing disappointment about the results of the four marriage referenda, Archbishops, Bishops, and Catholic Conferences in the four states where voters voted to redefine marriage on Tuesday have released statements. Their words echo Cardinal Dolan's conviction, expressed in a statement released after the election: "We will continue to stand in defense of life, marriage, and our first, most cherished liberty, religious freedom."
Bishop Richard Malone (Buffalo), Apostolic Administrator of Portland, Maine
I am deeply disappointed that a majority of Maine voters have redefined marriage from what we have understood it to be for millennia by civilizations and religions around the world. I am thankful for those who engaged in sincere and civil discourse on this matter of such serious consequence to our society. I am grateful to those who supported and recognize the value of marriage as the union of one man and one woman. I especially want to thank the Catholic faithful who did not abandon Catholic teachings on the nature of marriage.
These past few months have served as a teaching opportunity to explain to parishioners and the wider community about how and why the Church views and values marriage as the union of one man and one woman open to new life.
It has also been an opportunity for learning. I trust that those who voted for such a radical change did so out of concern for our brothers and sisters who struggle with same-sex attraction. Respect and acceptance of all people regardless of sexual orientation is not a point of controversy. It is a teaching of the Church, but so is the authentic meaning and definition of marriage. That is why the Catholic Church will continue its commitment to work for the basic human rights to which all people are entitled, while remaining devoted to preserving and strengthening the precious gift of marriage. (Source: Statement from Bishop Malone Regarding 'Question 1′ Results, Diocese of Portland website)
Archbishop William Lori (Baltimore)
"So much hard work went into this, and I'm very, very grateful to everyone who worked so hard. We will continue to witness to the values of marriage as understood as the union of one man and one woman, as the most sound, secure and loving way to bring children into the world."
The election results on same-sex marriage should serve as a "wake up call" for Catholics, Archbishop Lori said, demonstrating "our need to redouble our efforts to defend marriage, to preach about what marriage is, and to help people understand it as a unique relationship that does not discriminate against anyone, but is for the good of children and for the good of society." (Source: Maria Wiering, "Archbishop Lori calls same-sex marriage passage 'a wake-up call'," The Catholic Review)
Archdiocese of Washington
The Archdiocese of Washington is disappointed and deeply concerned that marriage in the state of Maryland has been redefined as a result of passage of the ballot issue put before voters yesterday. At the heart of the archdiocese's opposition to this law is the Church's unchanging teaching that marriage is a unique, exclusive, lifelong relationship created by God and reserved for one man and one woman. The complementarity of man and woman is intrinsic to the meaning of marriage.
Despite the outcome of this referendum issue, the archdiocese is grateful for the efforts undertaken by those who uphold the traditional meaning of marriage, and will continue to inform and educate its faithful and the members of the wider community about the truth of marriage as the union between one man and one woman. (Source: Statement of the Archdiocese of Washington on Maryland Referenda, Archdiocese of Washington website)
Maryland Catholic Conference
Regrettably, Marylanders decided by the narrowest of margins not to repeal the law that redefines marriage. The ballot language they encountered masked the fact that this law does not simply assign civil benefits to gay and lesbian couples, but drastically dismantles in our state law the fundamental family unit of mother, father and child. The people of Maryland were promised that this law would protect religious institutions and individuals who believe marriage is the union of one man and one woman, and we will remain vigilant in ensuring that those promises are upheld. (Source: "Maryland Upholds DREAM but Fails to Uphold Marriage," Maryland Catholic Conference website)
Minnesota Catholic Conference
The Minnesota Catholic Conference (MCC), the public policy voice of the Catholic Church in Minnesota, is disappointed that Amendment 1 did not pass. Despite this setback, our efforts to promote and defend the cornerstone social institution of marriage will continue.
MCC's support of Amendment 1 was rooted in the complementarity of the sexes, the public significance of their ability to procreate, and the fundamental right of all children to be born into an intact family with a married mother and a father, even though this is not always possible. These basic human truths remain with or without the passage of this amendment.
Our position on the amendment was never "anti" anyone, but "for" marriage. We continue to emphasize that everyone, including those with same-sex attraction, must be treated with charity, dignity, and respect. The Catholic Church welcomes all and remains committed to affirming the irrevocable dignity of all persons created in the image and likeness of God.
We thank the thousands of Minnesotans, particularly our partners in the Minnesota for Marriage coalition, who worked tirelessly to bring about the amendment's passage.
MCC will continue to support and advocate for public policy that best serves all of society, human dignity and the basic rights of children. Marriage needs to be strengthened, not redefined. We look forward to finding ways we can all work together as Minnesotans to strengthen marriage and family life. (Source: MCC Statement on the Defeat of the Marriage Protection Amendment, Minnesota Catholic Conference website)
Archdiocese of St. Paul/Minneapolis
Minnesota's voters have spoken. Although the defeat of the amendment is a very serious concern to us, it will not deter us from continuing to serve this community and the whole state in pursuit of the common good. We are grateful to the thousands of Minnesotans, particularly those who lent their support to Minnesota for Marriage, for their commitment to proactively protect the timeless definition of marriage.
The Church's public advocacy of support for the Minnesota Marriage Protection Amendment has always been rooted in our commitment to advance the common good for human society. This is the same spirit that guides the Church's unwavering pursuit of economic justice, healthcare and immigration reform, and the defense of human life and dignity from conception to natural death.
We proposed, and continue to do so, that the good of society is best served by maintaining the traditional understanding of marriage as a union between one man and one woman. This proposition finds its intelligibility in the order of reason and in the testimony of the Bible.
The Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis will continue to build up this community according to our principles, including giving voice and unwavering defense to the unborn, the poor and forgotten, the abused and the lonely. And we will continue to work to strengthen marriage, and defend it against all forms of its weakening, for the good of all society. We can do nothing less than continue to propose and do our best to live out what we believe. (Source: Statement on the Minnesota Marriage Protection Amendment Vote, Archdiocese of St. Paul/Minneapolis website)
Bishop Joseph Tyson (Yakima):
Bishop Tyson joined the other Roman Catholic bishops in Washington State who expressed their disappointment that "so many voters failed to recognize marriage between a man and a woman as the natural institution for the permanent, faithful covenant of love for a couple, for bringing children into the world, and for nurturing and educating those children. This change in civil law is not in the best interest of children or society."
"I intend to work with the other bishops of the state and in the region to continue to uplift marriage between one man and one woman as the best proposal for everyone in our society," Bishop Tyson said. He noted that despite the election results, the campaign has been an opportunity for the Church to reaffirm its consistent teaching on marriage. "This represents a starting point for a long-term effort to educate Catholics about its meaning and purpose." (Source: Msgr. Robert Siler, "Measure Appears to Have Passed Statewide," Diocese of Yakima website)
Archbishop J. Peter Sartain (Seattle)
It appears that Referendum 74, a measure that redefines marriage in Washington state, has been approved. I am disappointed that so many voters failed to recognize marriage between a man and a woman as the natural institution for the permanent, faithful covenant of love for a couple, for bringing children into the world, and for nurturing and educating those children. This change in civil law is not in the best interest of children or society.
Despite the election results, the campaign has been an opportunity for the Church to reaffirm its consistent teaching on marriage. The campaign to preserve marriage as a union between a man and a woman represents a starting point for a long-term effort to educate Catholics about its meaning and purpose. The Church offers a vision of marriage and family life that enriches our communities and society and we remain committed to that vision while respecting the dignity of all persons.
I thank all those who supported the effort to preserve marriage in Washington, and hope that despite this vote, all people will come to recognize the importance of marriage between a man and a woman for children and society. (Source: Statement from Archbishop Sartain regarding Referendum 74, Archdiocese of Seattle website)
News Release: Archbishop Cordileone Calls for Prayer, Renewed Culture of Marriage
USCCB News Release (Nov. 7, 2012):
- Marriage protection efforts in state referenda not successful
- "Marriage needs to be strengthened…not redefined," Archbishop Cordileone says
- All people called "to build a renewed culture of marriage and the family"
WASHINGTON—In response to the November 6 statewide referenda results in Washington State, Minnesota, Maryland, and Maine regarding marriage, Archbishop Salvatore Cordileone of San Francisco, chairman of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops' Subcommittee for the Promotion and Defense of Marriage, called for renewed efforts to strengthen and protect marriage and family life and expressed gratitude to marriage protection supporters.
"Yesterday, November 6, was a disappointing day for marriage, as the effort to preserve the unique meaning of marriage in the law lost by only a narrow margin in four states, even though vastly outspent by those who promote the redefinition of marriage," Archbishop Cordileone said.
"The meaning of marriage, though, cannot be redefined because it lies within our very nature. No matter what policy, law or judicial decision is put into place, marriage is the only institution that unites a man and a woman to each other and to any children born of their union. It is either this, or it is nothing at all. In view of the fact that every child has a mother and a father, our society either respects the basic right of every child to be raised by his or her mother and father together and so supports the true and unique meaning of marriage for the good of children, or it does not. In a society marked by increasing poverty and family fragmentation, marriage needs to be strengthened, promoted, and defended, not redefined. I hope and pray that political leaders, judges, and all people will seek to honor this foundational and common sense truth of marriage," the archbishop said.
Earlier this year, the Washington State and Maryland legislatures voted in favor of bills to redefine marriage and the governors of these states signed the respective bills into law; however, before these laws could take effect, enough voters in each state signed a petition to put these laws before the voters in yesterday's referenda. In Minnesota, the state legislature in 2011 voted to adopt a marriage protection amendment to the state constitution, which went before the voters yesterday.
In Maine, earlier this year, supporters of marriage redefinition submitted a petition with enough signatures to have a referendum on marriage redefinition in an attempt to counter the 2009 vote of the people that protected the meaning of marriage. In Maryland and Maine, voters yesterday voted in favor of redefining marriage (votes are still being confirmed in Washington State, though it is projected that voters did the same there as well). In Minnesota, voters rejected the proposed state constitutional amendment, though Minnesota still protects marriage as the union of one man and one woman through state statute.
"I extend heartfelt gratitude to all those who dedicated and sacrificed time, energy and resources to protect marriage," Archbishop Cordileone said. "I especially call on all people to pray and to build a renewed culture of marriage and the family. This is a fundamental task on which the future good and stability of our society, and particularly that of our children, rest."
Election Eve: Prayers, reflections, and more
Tomorrow is Election Day. Tomorrow voters in four states will face referendums on marriage: Maryland, Maine, Minnesota, and Washington State. The bishops in those states have been energetically preaching and teaching about the authentic meaning of marriage, as we showed in a recap post two weeks ago. Today, on the eve of the election, we share with you timely prayers, reflections on the importance of protecting marriage for the sake of the common good, and words of wisdom to consider when voting tomorrow.
- Prayer Before An Election (USCCB website)
- Prayer for the Promotion and Protection of Marriage (MUR website)
- Catholics Care. Catholics Vote: Strengthening and Defending Marriage is a Matter of Justice (USCCB website)
- Columns, letters, videos, and more from Bishops in states with a marriage referendum tomorrow (MUR website)
Words of wisdom about marriage and the common good:
"Sexual differences cannot be dismissed as irrelevant to the definition of marriage. Defending the institution of marriage as a social reality is ultimately a question of justice, since it entails safeguarding the good of the entire human community and the rights of parents and children alike." – Pope Benedict XVI, address to U.S. bishops
"Some may suggest that our society's traditional understanding of marriage has already unraveled and that redefining marriage won't harm it further. But this radical redefinition of marriage will irreparably undermine the irreplaceable role that both a mother and father play in the life of a child and relegate their relationship to an arbitrary status among many other family arrangements." – Cardinal Edwin F. O'Brien, Baltimore (emeritus): article, "A radical redefinition of marriage"
"To promote and protect marriage as the union of one man and one woman is itself a matter of justice." "Everyone has a stake in a stable, flourishing, and loving society created and sustained in no small part by marriage between a man and a woman." – Bishop Richard Malone, Buffalo (formerly Portland, Maine): Pastoral letter, "Marriage: Yesterday-Today-Always"
"The obvious and intimate connection between the conjugal act and conception, along with the universally recognized importance of stable marriages for the education and formation of children, removes marriage from the private sphere and places it into the public realm, an institution very much part of the common good and therefore a concern of the state." – Minnesota Bishops, "A Brief Catechesis on Marriage"
"Let us not allow ourselves or others to be fooled by false reasoning. Protecting the definition of marriage as the union of one man and one woman does not make marriage 'discriminatory.' It recognizes marriage between one man and one woman to be unique – unique among all other kinds of human relationships." – Bishop Joseph Tyson, Yakima: "A Pastoral Letter on Marriage and Referendum 74"
As Four States Prepare to Vote on the Definition of Marriage, the Bishops Teach
This November voters in four states will face ballot questions about the definition of marriage. In Maryland and Washington State, voters will have the chance to stop legislation redefining marriage to include two persons of the same sex, while in Maine proponents of the redefinition of marriage are getting a second chance after a 2009 referendum stopped a similar law. Minnesotans, on the other hand, will have the opportunity to enshrine the definition of marriage as a union of one man and one woman in their constitution.
Since the Church teaches that "No human law can abolish the natural and original right of marriage, nor in any way limit the chief and principal purpose of marriage ordained by God's authority from the beginning: 'Increase and multiply,'" (Pope Leo XIII, Rerum Novarum, 12) it is only fitting that the bishops in these states have responded with pastoral teaching.
In Maryland, where Question 6 asks voters whether they are 'for' or 'against' the legislature's attempt to redefine marriage, Cardinal Edwin F. O'Brien, then apostolic administrator of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, wrote a column in the Baltimore Sun, "A radical redefinition of marriage". The Cardinal called marriage a "unique human relationship — the only such one capable of bringing life into the world." We are trying to protect the definition of marriage because it is "what is best for society — not out of some hostility toward our sisters and brothers who are attracted to others of the same sex."
Earlier bishops' columns, as well as handouts prepared by the Maryland Catholic Conference, can be found on the Maryland Catholic Conference's website.
Question 1 in Maine asks voters: "Do you want to allow the State of Maine to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples?" Portland's Bishop Richard J. Malone (now of Buffalo) sent a 26-pages letter to his flock, "Marriage: Yesterday – Today – Always" (PDF). He uses this letter as an opportunity "to reflect with you, through this pastoral letter, upon the greatness and the beauty of marriage—as an original gift of the Lord's creation and, consequently, as a vocation and as the foundational institution of family and society." We looked at highlights from the bishop's letter in an earlier blog post. Bishop Malone also spoke about marriage as the building block of civilization in this video:
Minnesotans will have a chance to adopt Amendment 1 this November, which would amend Minnesota's state constitution to read that "only a union of one man and one woman shall be valid or recognized as a marriage in Minnesota." The state's bishops collectively published A Brief Catechesis on Marriage, where they explain that marriage is "a lifelong commitment between one man and one woman in an enduring bond of love." Bishop John Quinn of Winona testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee (PDF) and Bishop Paul Sirba of Duluth testified before the House of Representatives Civil Law Committee (PDF). Catholics in Crookston received a letter from Bishop Michael J. Hoeppner. In New Ulm, Bishop John M. Levoir produced a video. Archbishop John Nienstedt of St. Paul and Minneapolis gave an interview to the National Catholic Register about the marriage referendum, and wrote a column about why the marriage amendment "deserves our support." Archbishop Nienstedt had earlier produced a video about marriage and the importance of the marriage amendment (below) that was sent to Catholics throughout Minnesota.
The Minnesota Catholic Conference website has a page dedicated to the marriage referendum with many additional articles, handouts, and resources.
Washington State
Referendum 74 in Washington State gives voters a chance to "approve" or "reject" a bill to redefine marriage to include two persons of the same-sex. The state's bishops collectively issued a pastoral statement, Marriage and the Good of Society: A Pastoral statement regarding Referendum 74 (PDF). Archbishop J. Peter Sartain of Seattle and his auxiliary Bishop Eusebio Elizondo, M.Sp.S. sent a letter to the faithful (PDF) this past April. In August, Spokane Bishop Blase J. Cupich published three documents about the definition of marriage: A Letter to Parishioners: Referendum 74, Some Reflections on Referendum 74, and "Believing in Marriage". And in October, Bishop Joseph J. Tyson of Yakima sent A Pastoral Letter on Marriage and Referendum 74 (PDF) to his flock.
Archbishop Sartain (Seattle) and Bishop Cupich (Spokane) have also produced videos about marriage and Referendum 74:
The website of the Washington State Catholic Conference has additional resources, including handouts.
Yakima, Wash. Bishop Writes a Pastoral Letter on Marriage
Bishop Joseph J. Tyson of Yakima, Washington sent a pastoral letter about marriage to his flock this past Sunday. The letter, Marriage and Referendum 74, reflects on the week's Gospel in which Jesus says, "…from the beginning of creation, God made them male and female. For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh…" (Mark 10: 6-8)
The bishop asked that his pastoral letter be read at all Sunday masses this past weekend (October 6/7). Also recommended for distribution were two one-page handouts: "What Every Catholic Needs to Know Before Voting" (a Q&A about Referendum 74) and "Redefining Marriage: What Are the Consequences?"
Voters in Washington State are considering whether to accept a bill passed earlier this year redefining marriage to include two persons of the same sex. Referendum 74 gives voters a chance to accept or reject this change. Last month, we shared videos by the other two bishops in Washington State on the same issue. Both of these bishops, Archbishop Sartain of Seattle and Bishop Cupich of Spokane, have also written pastoral letters encouraging the faithful to defend marriage.
Highlights of Bishop Tyson's Letter
In his letter, Bishop Tyson told his flock that "R-74's conception of marriage is wrong from the start, since it presumes that marriage is simply a matter of what any two consenting adults desire. But this has never been the meaning of marriage, nor has it been the reason why marriage is recognized as essential to the common good."
He also warned of the potential consequences to the Church if the law is allowed to go into effect. "This law will challenge our right to educate about the unique value of children being raised by their own mothers and fathers," he wrote.
"The acceptance of R-74 means that so-called same-sex 'marriage' will replace real marriage – the union of a man and a woman – as the legal frame of reference for all public discourse."
The Church's opposition to redefining marriage has the common good in mind. The letter clarifies that "the starting point for understanding marriage's meaning and public purpose is not the desires of adults but the meaning of the human person and the rights of children to be known and loved by their mothers and fathers. The true good is always what's best."
Bishop Tyson was careful to mention that "some of us have friends and family with same-sex attraction. And we are aware of a painful pattern of unjust discrimination and personal reject[ion]. We love them. We do not want to lose them. We do not want them to feel rejected again."
Toward the end of the letter, he calls for Catholics to go beyond opposing the new law. "We need to find ways to replant our Church's moral proposal for human happiness that flows from marriage as the union of one man and one woman."
Read Bishop Tyson's letter in English or en Español.


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Social Innovation Fund General Fact Sheet
The Social Innovation Fund, a key White House initiative and program of the Corporation for National and Community Service, transforms lives and communities by using limited federal investment as a catalyst to grow community-based nonprofits with evidence of strong results. Throughout the U.S., effective solutions to many of our major problems have been developed and are already achieving strong results. The Social Innovation Fund was founded on the fundamental idea that we can make enormous progress toward overcoming significant challenges by finding and growing the most promising of these solutions.
How Does It Work?
- host open, evidence-based competitions to select nonprofits implementing innovative program models;
- invest in expanding the capabilities and impact of the nonprofits they select; and
- support those nonprofits through rigorous evaluation of their programs.
The Social Innovation Fund has awarded $177.6 million in grants to intermediaries since 2010.
- This funding yielded $423 million in private and other nonfederal commitments.
- The Social Innovation Fund selected 20 grantmaking intermediaries between 2010-2012.
- Intermediaries have so far selected 221 innovative nonprofits working in 37 states and the District of Columbia.
- Grantees are conducting 86 interventions and assessing results through highly rigorous evaluation models, including randomized trials and quasi-experimental designs.
Examples of Social Innovation Fund Programs
|Annual Award*
|Nonprofit Program Description
|Center for Employment Opportunities REDF
|The Center for Employment Opportunities assists recently-released offenders eager to build productive lives in securing immediate transitional jobs, and provides skills training, coaching and job placement support—a combination proven to reduce the chances
of their returning to prison. With their subgrant they are replicating their New York-based program in Oakland, California.
|Integrated Healthcare and Housing Neighborhoods program Corporation for Supportive Housing
|In Hartford, Connecticut, the Integrated Healthcare and Housing Neighborhoods program is transitioning more chronically homeless, frequent users of emergency care into permanent housing and ensuring they receive vital health services that improve their quality of life and save the state thousands of dollars per person each year.
|The Children's Institute, Inc. The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation
|$2 Million
|The Children's Institute in Los Angeles helps very troubled youth, typically involved in the foster care or juvenile justice system, improve their life prospects and avoid violence. Their programs reduce gang involvement, raise academic performance, and improve school attendance.
*Nonprofit grant awards are comprised of both federal and match funding. Awards are also matched 1:1 by the nonprofits receiving funding.

subset: commoncrawl


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The team at Sea Spray were very pleased to read in the Independent on Saturday that the UK will see the first hotel school open in Essex. The school/hotel will recruit 60 students to run the hotel (working alongside professionals) which will give them the chance to gain a degree in hotel management or learn culinary skills. Is this the start of the end of the Fawlty Towers era?
We believe it is certainly some positive news for the hotel industry after the terrible bad press and upset the programme on Channel 4 caused last week about the negative effects of Tripadvisor. Since that programme, Google are taking on the giant review site!
More positive effects of this new hotel school is that by the end of this hands-on experience, students will be able to perform supervisory or junior hotel management roles, having dealt with 'real' customers as students!
This is the first of its kind in our industry and provides the student with the option of a fast-track two-year degree! It has Sea Spray's full support and we believe just want students need in this competitive environment – in addition to contributing to lifting the standards of hotel service in this country. We know where we will be going for new recruits and hopefully one day we will have a school in Brighton!


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Jesus wants you to become like the nameless prostitute. If you do, it will be extraordinary. Read the text below and watch the film.
36When one of the Pharisees invited Jesus to have dinner with him, he went to the Pharisee's house and reclined at the table. 37A woman in that town who lived a sinful life learned that Jesus was eating at the Pharisee's house, so she came there with an alabaster jar of perfume. 38As she stood behind him at his feet weeping, she began to wet his feet with her tears. Then she wiped them with her hair, kissed them and poured perfume on them.
39When the Pharisee who had invited him saw this, he said to himself, 'If this man were a prophet, he would know who is touching him and what kind of woman she is – that she is a sinner.'
40Jesus answered him, 'Simon, I have something to tell you.'
'Tell me, teacher,' he said.
41 'Two people owed money to a certain money-lender. One owed him five hundred denarii,c and the other fifty. 42Neither of them had the money to pay him back, so he forgave the debts of both. Now which of them will love him more?'
43Simon replied, 'I suppose the one who had the bigger debt forgiven.'
'You have judged correctly,' Jesus said.
44Then he turned towards the woman and said to Simon, 'Do you see this woman? I came into your house. You did not give me any water for my feet, but she wet my feet with her tears and wiped them with her hair. 45You did not give me a kiss, but this woman, from the time I entered, has not stopped kissing my feet. 46You did not put oil on my head, but she has poured perfume on my feet. 47Therefore, I tell you, her many sins have been forgiven – as her great love has shown. But whoever has been forgiven little loves little.'
48Then Jesus said to her, 'Your sins are forgiven.'
49The other guests began to say among themselves, 'Who is this who even forgives sins?'
50Jesus said to the woman, 'Your faith has saved you; go in peace.'
Download this video to use offline
Gospel of Luke taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version®, Anglicized, NIV®
Copyright © 1979, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.®
Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.


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Why is Bible engagement down in the digital age? Bible Gateway's Rachel Barach shares some insight.
If parents have carried out their assignment properly, a high school senior should be virtually emancipated, even though he still lives with his parents. – The Strong willed Child
Great peace have those who love Your law, and nothing causes them to stumble. (Psalm 119:165 NKJV)
All devotional content copyright © 2013 by James Dobson, Inc. Used with permission.
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Reports are coming in that between 25 and 30 staff have left Valve in targeted layoffs.
Although Valve's leadership and employees are likely to remain tight-lipped about the reasons for the dismissal, significant redundancies at a studio which has not finished a project recently usually means either financial issues (unlikely) or strategic repositioning.
The story began with a tweet yesterday evening from Jeri Ellsworth, hardware designer extraordinaire. Ellsworth had been involved in the prototyping and design of controllers for Steam's Big Picture Mode, with an eye towards the long-rumored Steam Box. Ellsworth, who joined Valve in 2011 and moved to Bellevue's campus last August, is a self-taught hardware hacker and pinball machine enthusiast. Her departure may mean that Valve's focus will be on coordinating third parties producing for the Xi3 Piston announced at CES – not the Steam Box, but clearly a Steam Box.
Hacking and shredding – Jeri Ellsworth's Commodore 64 Guitar
Since then, reports have come in suggesting that 25-30 other employees have left Valve, with a possible focus on Android development and hardware teams. If true, this may suggest a move away from a focus on internal development for Steam's console plans – or a reskilling for a change of emphasis on the same.
One notable departure, reportedly, is Valve's Director of Business Development, Jason Holtman. Holtman has been associated with much of what makes Valve Valve, most notably the Steam online store, Steamworks and the licensing of the Source engine, and had been at Valve since 2005 – that is, for most of the Age of Steam. So far, however, both numbers and names have yet to be officially confirmed.
Comment has been requested from Valve, but it is unlikely that any immediate statement will be given – if this is a strategic reconfiguration, discussing it in depth would be tantamount to showing cards. One immediate positive is that Valve's employees tend to be highly sought after, and anyone leaving Valve is likely to be in a very good position when looking for new employment. Ellsworth, whose tweet started this story, will no doubt find that toy companies and console hardware producers are eager to talk to her, and may also have some hardware ideas of her own.
UPDATE: Gabe Newell has taken the unusual step of responding to these reports – Valve emailed me, I suspect as one of a very large cc list, this message:
We don't usually talk about personnel matters for a number of reasons. There seems to be an unusual amount of speculation about some recent changes here, so I thought I'd take the unusual step* of addressing them.
No, we aren't cancelling any projects. No, we aren't changing any priorities or projects we've been discussing. No, this isn't about Steam or Linux or hardware or [insert game name here]. We're not going to discuss why anyone in particular is or isn't working here.
Which is much as expected – as a privately held company, Valve not only has no need to explain its staffing decisions or their impact on strategy, but has good reason not to.
* Told you
[Sources: Develop, Gamasutra, others]


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Nindamos was a large fishing village located on the southern shores of Númenor among the marshlands at the mouth of the River Siril. Nindamos was the largest of the many small villages dotted throughout the Hyarnustar region of the island.


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Abstract available in
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Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Jan. 9, 1.968 w, T|NL|N I 3,362,751
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR RECOVERING SHALE OIL AND GAS Filed Feb. 28, 1966 Ihn l PART B Unitecl States atent 3,362,751 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR RECOVERING SHALE GIL AND GAS William Tinlin, 21 Hickory St., Chicago Heights, Ill. 60411 Filed Feb. 28, 1966, Ser. No. 530,423 6 claims. (er. 299-4) This invention relates to a method ofrecovering shale oil 'and gas from shale oil formations through the application of heat under controlled conditions wherein both the hydrocarbon liquids and vapors are recovered. The invention depends in part upon the excavation of a certain configuration or system of tunnels and galleries having prescribed slopes or elevations in -relation yto each other in combination with heat lconveying means, valve means and condenser means whereby substantially 'all hydrocarbon liquids and vapors freed by the heat are recovered.
Attention has I'been direction for sometime ito the recovery of hydrocarbon loil from shale formations by various methods. One approach involves mining the shale, crushing the large aggregate and subjecting the comminute'd shale to retorting in furnaces of various designs and capacities. The necessity of handling the shale adds greatly to the cost. -In situ treatment of shale has been -practiced but has not attracted too much attention because of costs informing tunnels, inefficiency in the application of heat and the apparent necessity of using radditional expedients, such as lpressure, complex |tunnel and shaft systems and extreme direct heat or combustion of the shale strata itself tto obtain the desired Irecovery. The prior art processes have not become practical because of the high costs due to least in part to these yfactors. 1n addition little attention has been directed to recovery of the vapors that result from the in situ application of heat to a shale oil formation.
Now in accordance with this invention these diiculties are overcome by the provision of a method which is characterized lby the use of a simple tunnel and shaft system with tunnels and `galleries having certain slopes and elevations, along with the use of heat conveying and recovery means and provision for the continuous how recovery yof substantially `all of the oil and vapors as such or in the form of additional heat for the process. The process of this invention is also characterized in one `aspect iby `control of the air passing into the :tunnels wherein heat -is being applied to the shale in such a manner as to allo-w complete heat utilization through the application of heat lunder controlled conditions within a system of convecting tunnels and shafts.
Ilt becomes a primary object of this invention to provide a method of recovering oil from shale oil formations in situ.
Another object of this invention is -to provide a system of simple valve-controlled tunnels, shafts and galleries within 1a shale formation to provide for heat circulation and recovery along with condensers and oil sumps in a particular combination for emcient shale oil recovery.
Another object of this invention is ythe provision of an interrelated system of converging heating and return tunnels, vertical vapor shafts and interconnecting galleries with cooperating condenser and sumps, whereby heat applied Ito the shale 'formation passes upwardly and inwardly therethrough a manner t drive out oil and vapors into the heating Itunnel or tunnels toward at least one vapor shaft whereby IVthe oil descends -to a gallery and return tunnel for recovery, and vapors are allowed to ascend the cooler walls for partial condensation and return to the gallery and return tunnel and any uncondensed vapors are trapped in `a condenser at the `top orf the shaft for separate recovery or return thereto.
Another object of this invention is to provide a methice od of in situ oil and gas recovery from an exposed shale formation wh-ich includes `the steps of 1) 'forming at least a pair of lconverging spaced upper and lower tunnels in a vertical face of the exposed shale formation, (2) forming an interconnected gallery between 'the lower tunnels, (3) forming at least one vertical `shaft extending from an upper portion of the shale formation and communicating with the `tunnels and gallery, applying heat to the Iformation through the tunnels from an exrternal, high temperature, heat `source and recovering oil and condensate |by direct dlow from the lower tunnel.
The invention has as one feature the placement of at least one pair of tunnels one above the other such that the top tunnel is sloped downwardly into the formation and the bott-om tunnel is opposite, that is, slopes upwardly into the formation. `By connecting the ,upper and -lower 'tunnels with a vertical shaft, and applying heat to the -tunnel system an effective in situ shale oil recovery system is provided.
A yfeature of this invention is that ithe application of high temperature heat to the shale for-mation in the vicinity of the tunnels causes the lflow of oil and vapors therefrom, the former Ibeing directed by the downward slope of lthe upper tunnel to a vertical vapor shaft and thence ito `a lower gallery and through the oppositely sloped return tunnel to a sump for recovery or use, and the latter being `directed lto said vertical vapor shaft and by the stack effect Itherein to suitable condensing means for recovery.
Another feature of this invention is the provision of air control locks on the inlet ends of said heating and return tunnels whereby the ow of convection air through said system is controlled for maximum heat utilization and oil recovery.
These and other objects of this invention will become apparent or be described as the specification proceeds.
This invention may be illustrated by various embodiments including those illustrated by the drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the vertical face of an exposed shale formation showing two forms (Parts A and B) of tunnel, recovery and heating systems; and
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view also in diagrammatic form taken along lines 2-2 (Part A) of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show diagrammatically a shale formation 10 with cliff face 12 as it may appear after removal or stripping of surface material to expose same for treatment. Referring to FIG. 2, tunnels 14 and 16 are drilled` into the face of the shale formation to a depth of about 50 to 100 feet. Tunnel 14 is sloped downwardly into the formation. The amount of slope is not as important as the presence of sufl'icient slope to cause any liquid oil therein to flow freely inward under the influence of gravity. Similarly tunnel 16 is cut or drilled at a lower elevation into the face 12 at a slight upward slope, again for the purpose of free gravitational outward flow therein. Tunnels 14 and 16 are cut at different elevations into the face 12, that is tunnel 14 is about 30 to 50 feet above tunnel 16. A shaft 1S is drilled into the top of the shale formation 10 to intersect tunnel 14 and terminate at tunnel 16. In the simplest form this invention can be practiced with only two tunnels 14 and 16 in combination with a single shaft 18 as will hereinafter be explained. The tunnel and shaft system shown is made possible by modern continuous drilling equipment such as that shown in my Patent #3,005,627, or that disclosed in my copending applications Ser. Nos. 360,555, filed Apr. 1, 1964, now U.S. Patent No. 3,314,724, and 392,484, iiled Aug. 27, 1964, now U.S. Patent No. 3,314,725.
At the top of shaft 18 there is provided condenser 20 which may be of any suitable type designed and controlled to provide suicient cooling to condense the hydrocar- 3 bon vapors, except the noncondensible gases, issuing from shaft 18. Flue 22 is provided to collect and convey any uncondensibles for separate recovery or use.
Heat source 24 is located on valley floor 26, preferably a few feet below tunnel 16, i.e. 2 to 6 feet, and may cornprise any means for supplying heat to the shale oil formation. Heat source 24 may produce heat in the form of hot gases, or liquids and preferably in the form of superheated stream at a temperature of about 800 degrees F. to 1600 degrees F. With a three stage heater, for example, a temperature as high as 1800 degrees F. can be attained. The heat carrying medium from heat source 24 is conveyed through conduit 28 which extends through tunnel 14 and then, via leg 311 and return line 32 passing through tunnel 16, back to heat source 24.
The open end of tunnel 14 is provided with a valve means indicated at 34 which may comprise any means for opening and closing the entrance to tunnel 14 in a manner so that control of the air flow thereinto is attained. To illustrate a frame member 36 is provided Within Which a sliding door member 38 operates to attain the desired graduated opening and closing thereof. A similar valve means 4d is illustrated in relation to the open end of tunnel 16 by means of frame 42 and sliding door 44. Other equivalent valve means than a sliding door arrangement can be used.
ln order that liquid oil in tunnel 16 is collected there is provided a trough means 46 and sump 48 which later is shown as a sunken tank. Conduit 50 connects between sump 48 and heat source 24 for the purpose of providing a source of fuel for heater 24 Where same is an oil burning furnace.
Tunnels 14 and 16 may be provided with a suitable shoring, not shown, to prevent collapse as the removal of liquids `and gases proceeds within the shale formation surrounding tunnel 14. Galleries connecting the junctures of a series of the tunnels and shafts, one to the other are shown at 54 and 56 (see FIG. l).
In one aspect of this invention one pair of tunnels 14 and 16 can be used with one shaft 1S and one heat source 24. However, in a preferred embodiment one heat source is used with a plurality of tunnels as illustrated in FIG. l wherein corresponding parts to FIG. 2 bear the Same numerals.
In addition, FIG. l shows that the shafts 18 and 18 may be substantially vertical With tunnels 14 (and 14') and 16 (and 16') being similarly aligned (Part A) or may be (as shown in Part B) arranged so that shafts 18 and 18 converge downwardly or are not vertical and tunnels 14 and 14' and 16 and 16 are likewise arranged. In each instance, the tunnels intersect with the shafts at the point of intersection with the galleries 54 and 56.
In order to illustrate this invention the following examples are given:
EXAMPLE I T wo tunnels and one shaft After exposure of shale formation and cliff face 12 by removal of surface rock and other covering, tunnels 14 and 16 are drilled therein using a boring machine which cuts a hole about six feet in diameter. When necessary, suitable shoring means is installed in tunnel 14 las the bore progresses. Shaft 18 is then drilled from the top of the clil to connect the ends of tunnels 14 and 16. Tunnel 14 is cut so that it slopes into the shale formation at the rate of about 1 to 2 inches per foot. Tunnel 16 is cut so that it slopes in the opposite direction, that is, out of the shale formation, and at about the same slope as tunnel 14. With this size tunnel and shaft there is no difliculty in the installation of heat conduit 28 therein and connected back to heat source 24, which may be a three stage furnace capable of producing super heated steam at 800 degrees F. to 1600 degrees F. and as high as 1800 degrees F. Condenser is installed and valve members 34 and 40 are attached over an open ends of tunnels 14 and 16. Trough 46, and sump 4S are installed to provide gravity A flow of oil from tunnel 15. Line 'S0 is connected to sump 4S for auxiliary fuel.
Heat in the form of super-heated steam at about 1200 F. is sent through conduit 28 and valves 34 and 40 are closed. As the heat permeates the shale formation, oil begins to dow therefrom and gravitate into tunnel 14. The backward slope thereof causes this collected oil to ow into shaft 1S, downward into tunnel 16 and out tunnel 16 to sump 48. To hasten the initial heating, valve 34 is closed and valve 40 is opened. As the heating continues, vapors of lower boiling hydrocarbons and uncondensible gas C1 and C3 are collected in shaft 18 and rise to condenser 20 for recovery. Any uncondensible gases are conveyed to a suitable separate recovery system (not shown) by means of olf-gas flue 22. Gradual removal of vapors from the system is controlled so that there is substantially no dow of air into tunnel 16 via valve 40. As removal of oil from the formation lil continues, valve 40 is gradually closed and valve 34 gradually opened to allow more air to enter tunnel 14. This carries heat from conduit 28 and the surrounding partially denuded shale further into the formation and increases over-all recovery. The temperature in the shale will reach about 1000o F. Control of air intake from this point on to maximize the transfer of heat to the shale formation is accomplished by the operation of condenser 20 and ue 22 and manipulation of the values 34 and 40. Finally, the shale around and above tunnel 14 is denuded of oil and begins to crumble and cavitate. Valve 34 can be fully closed to drive the heat from the cavities and crumbled shale into the formation still further. The pocket of denuded shale so created may also be removed to recover the conduit 28 and to expose a new cliff face and the process steps repeated.
EXAMPLE H Four tunnels, two sltczfts and one or more galleries The steps of Example I are repeated and each pair of tunnels is connected at its rearward end with a shaft and a substantially horizontal gallery` As heat is applied, this time in the form of a molten metal, the valves are operated in the same manner as in Example I to control by natural convection the flow of air through tunnels 14 and 14 so as to transfer the heat to the surrounding shale body. The temperature of the shale may rise to about 1800 degrees F. In using a molten metal as the heating medium care lmust be taken not to allow too great a rate of heat transfer on the one hand and freeze-up in the conduit on the other. Oil passes into tunnels 14 and 14', drains into gallery 56 and thence through tunnels 16 and 16 into sump 48.
EXAMPLE III A plurality of tunnels, shafts and galleries The steps of Example II are continued by drilling a plurality of tunnels 14 and 14 into the face of a shale cliff. Interconnecting vertical and slanting shafts are sunk to connect with the extended ends of the tunnels. The interconnecting galleries `are drilled. The conduits, condensers, valves, perforated pipe, heat sources and sumps are installed. Heat is applied to the shale formation for about two days over about 1500 linear feet of cliff face 50 feet high. lOil is continuously recovered in the sumps and condensate from the condensers. At the end of this time the conduits are removed and a fresh cliff face exposed by removal of denuded shale.
From the foregoing examples and description, it is apparent that the process of this invention has several unforeseen advantages. First, the provision of the control of the `air flow helps to retain the heat in the upper tunnel for a sullicient time to drive the heat into the formation by natural convection and aids in regulating the conveyance of oil and vapors from the top tunnels. Secondly, the withdrawal and recovery of vapors is also in the direction of natural convection through the system which further aids and augments heat utilization and oil recovery. Recovery of the vapors immediately as they form prevents further breakdown or cracking and reduces losses due to decomposition. The over-all system mitigates losses and waste of heat and oil and vapors. The rate that oil is taken from any shale hed will be determined by the heat used, by the number of tunnels and shafts and the control of the air allowed to enter the system.
Having thus `described this invention, it should be understood that details thereof may be altered or omitted Without departing from the spirit of the invention as dened by the following claims.
I claim:
1. The method of recovering shale oil and gas from an exposed shale formation which comprises (a) forming at least one pair of vertically spaced tunnels into the face of said formation, the uppermost of said tunnels being inwardly sloped and the lowermost of said tunnels being outwardly sloped,
(b) forming an interconnecting shaft between the top of said formation and said tunnels,
(c) passing a heating medium at a temperature sufi-icient to cause the separation of oils and gases into indirect contact with said shale formation surrounding said spaced tunnels, said heating medium being sent rst through said uppermost tunnel, through said vertical shaft and out through said lowermost tunnel, and
(d) recovering liquefied oil from said tunnels and recovering said gases from said shaft.
2. The method according to claim r1 wherein the air entering the said tunnels is regulated to control the stack eect of said shaft.
3. The method in accordance with claim 1 in which said heating medium is maintained at a temperature within the range from about l800 F. to -about 1600 F. in the said uppermost tunnel and the air flow entering said upper tunnel is regulated to control the stack effect of said shaft.
4. The method in accordance with claim 1 in which a plurality of said tunnels and shafts are formed in said shale formation, interconnecting galleries are formed between the ends of said tunnels and their points of intersection with said shafts, said heating medium is maintained at a temperature sufcient to produce a space temperature of at least about 800 F. within the upper of said tunnels, and said vapors are recovered by condensing the efuent from said shafts.
5. A system for recovering shale oil and gas from a shale oil formation comprising a pair of vertically spaced tunnels in said formation, a shaft interconnecting said tunnels adjacent their inner ends and opening to the top of said formation, a high temperature heat source, conduit means for transmitting heat from said heat source into the upper of said tunnels, said conduit means leading through said shaft to the lower tunnel and thence returning to said heat source, adjustable gate means at the entrance to each tunnel for regulating the volume of air entering thereinto, and means at the top of said shaft for trapping and condensing vapors and gas issuing therefrom.
6. A system for recovering shale oil and gas from a shale oil formation as defined by claim 5 wherein a series of spaced tunnels and shafts are created in said formation to provide a series of pairs of vertically spaced tunnels each pair having -an interconnected shaft, said conduit means leads into each of the upper tunnels, down the respective shaft and out through the respective lower tunnel to return to said heat source, and wherein a sump means is provided for collecting liqueed oil and vapors owing from the lower tunnels.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,269,747 6/191'8 Rogers 166-39` 1,418,097 5/ 1922 Schneiders 299-4 X 1,520,737 12/ 1924 Wright 166--40 X 1,660,818 2/1928 Ranney 299--2 1,919,636 7/1933 K-arrick 299-2 2,481,051 9/1949' Uren.
2,970,826 2/1961 'VVoodrufIr 166-11 X 2,974,937 3/1961 Kiel 166-39 X 3,228,468 1/1966 'Nichols 166-11 X 3,338,306 8/1967 Cook 166-40 STEPHEN I. NOVOSAD, Primary Examiner.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


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Crisis in English church after rejectionBy ALAN COWELL and JOHN F. BURNS
The New York Times | November 22,2012LONDON In a sign of deepening crisis in the Church of England after it rejected the appointment of women as bishops, its spiritual leader said Wednesday that the church had undoubtedly lost a measure of credibility and had a lot of explaining to do to people who found its deliberations opaque.
The archbishop of Canterbury, the Most Rev. Rowan Williams, was speaking after an emergency meeting of bishops called to debate Tuesdays narrow balloting by its General Synod rejecting the ordination of women as bishops, even though female priests account for one third of the Church of Englands clergy members. Female priests hold senior positions like canon and archdeacon, and some had been hoping to secure appointments as bishops by 2014 if the change had been approved.
The vote represented a direct rebuff to Williams reformist efforts during his 10 years as head of the church and a huge setback to a campaign for change that has been debated intensely and often bitterly for the past decade.
More than 70 percent of the 446 synod votes Tuesday were in favor of opening the churchs episcopacy to women. But the synods voting procedures require a two-thirds majority in each of its three houses: bishops, clergy and laity. The bishops approved the change by 44-3, and the clergy by 148-45. The vote among the laity, though, was 132-74, six votes less than the two-thirds needed.
The Church of England is the so-called established church, meaning that it is recognized by law as representing the official religion, enjoys special privileges and is supported by the civil authorities.
Some lawmakers suggested Wednesday that the synod vote would create a crisis of church-state relations since the rejection of female bishops contradicted national laws on gender equality. Prime Minister David Cameron, already at loggerheads with the church over the governments plans to legalize same-sex marriage next year, urged church authorities Wednesday to devise a way out of the impasse.
Im very clear the time is right for women bishops; it was right many years ago, he told Parliament on Wednesday. They need to get on with it, as it were, and get with the program. But you do have to respect the individual institutions and the way they work while giving them a sharp prod.
Addressing the synod Wednesday in unusually unambiguous language, Williams declared, We have, to put it very bluntly, a lot of explaining to do.MORE IN Wire NewsKABUL, Afghanistan The new leader of the Afghan Taliban faces the twin challenges of bringing... Full StoryBOSTON Some U.S. colleges with overseas-study programs wont touch Ukraine. Full StoryWASHINGTON As lawmakers head out of the Capitol for a five-week summer recess, they leave... Full Story
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1472, Orkney, Shetland islands put up as collateral by Norway to Scotland in lieu of dowry for MARGARET OF DENMARK on her marriage with JAMES III, king of Scotland; 1962, JOHN GLENN first American to orbit Earth.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: City mayoral candidates debate campaign issues; Hartford, Conn., woman still missing; Neal Goswami reports attempts to legislate suicide; local woman loses 100 pounds through TOPS program.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1878, JOHN TUNSTALL murdered near Lincoln, New Mexico, by the outlaw JESSE EVANS; in 1930, ELM FARM OLLIE first cow to fly in aircraft, first to be milked airborne; 1955, nuke test WASP; '79, snow in Sahara.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Rutland Herald News Editor Alan J. Keays and staff writer Gordon Dritschilo discuss stories planned for the February 18, 2015, edition of the newspaper: Winter budgets maxed, legal marijuana, Springfield bank job, USPS slowdown
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1249 AD, ANDRE of LONGJUMEAU is dispatched by LOUIS IX of France to meet the KHAGAN, ruler of the Mongol Empire; in 1804, during 1st Barbary War, STEPHEN DECATUR scuttles the pirate-held USS Philadelphia in Tripoli.


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Viewers: in countries Watching now:
Find out how to highlight a cause, express a point of view, and tell a story with Adobe Premiere Pro and some essential documentary editing techniques. This course breaks down the documentary process into a series of stages that correspond to the milestones of a real client project. Starting with existing footage, you'll discover how to identify the key messaging concepts and log the footage. Then find out how to assemble rough and fine-tuned cuts, and layer in motion graphics and a credit roll. The final phase explores color correction and audio mixing, before exporting your final movie.
This course is part of a series that looks at Documentary Editing from the point of view of 3 different editors in 3 different editing applications. For more insight on editing documentary projects, take a look at Documentary Editing with Avid Media Composer and Documentary Editing with Final Cut Pro X.
Along with interviews the other major ingredient for a documentary are observational shots and sequences, also called B-roll. Basically, shots of things happening. We're already in our Metalogging setup, but I want to take a closer look at the B-roll and an easy way to do that is going to be to go full screen with this frame using the Tilde key, and then I also want to switch over to thumbnails. So I basically see all of my B-roll just spread out in front of me, and just by mousing over, I'm able to scroll, see what these shots are all about. So here are some of the things I notice.
First of all, I love intentional shooting, I like to be able to look at a glance and be like that's a shot of, that's a shot of a box, that's a shot of BD walking, this is a shot of a truck pulling out. It may seem like the simplest thing in the world, but one of the important things to learn about shooting B-roll is to be intentional to shoot something on purpose. The second thing I'm noticing, and you have to look a little closer is good variation of framing, I'm talking about wide shots, tight shots, and medium shots, and what I see is in a sequence like this you can't see it right-away, but this stays wide on our chef as he is talking and going through his herbs, and this shot--the B shot--even though it starts wide most of it is tight, and I can see right-away that I'm going to be able to connect this shot with this shot, and it's going to work well.
There is a lot of other places that I see that variation of framing. Nice wide, here, will be good for establishing, and a nice tight, here, on these radishes is going be nice during the Farmers Market scene. Two more things I've noticed and they're really important. One is good shots with people, and I mean candid shots, so I really like this here, because it's our main character named BD, but we have a nice long shot of him doing his thing in a natural way interacting with people and smiling.
So I like that a lot, and then I also like when there's clear sequencing when I can see that things are going to go together in a logical way, and without even scrolling over I already see that in a sequence where things are being picked here and here again with the variation in framing then produce is being packed, and eventually the truck drives away. Right in the early stages evaluating the footage I know that sequences like that are going to be truly valuable in the edit.
As an editor you may not always have complete control about what gets shot in the field. You always want to evaluate the footage you get, pick out the best stuff, give some feedback, and use it as a lesson for those opportunities when you really are out in the field directing your own shoot.
There are currently no FAQs about Documentary Editing with Premiere Pro.
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If you've been reading my "How to Build your own Computer" series of articles, you are already learning HOW to build your own computer. This article focuses on WHY you would want to.
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The $44 million road project that will create a four-lane thoroughfare from Johnson City to Tri-Cities Regional Airport, Blountville, is well under way, and motorists should be on their toes in the construction zone due to continually shifting traffic patterns.
That shifting will continue until the project's scheduled May 31, 2013, completion.
The project begins in Johnson City at North Roan Street where it turns into the Kingsport Highway (Tenn. Highway 36) and intersects with Airport Road, or Tenn. Highway 75. From there, the contractor will progress northward into Sullivan County, turning the current two-lane road into a four lane while also making grading, drainage, paving and safety wall improvements.
New construction will end at the intersection of Tenn. 75 and Tenn. Highway 357 located at the entrance to TCRA, where it will be connected to a short stretch of existing four-lane road just south of the airport.
TCRA Executive Director Patrick Wilson said passengers should allow extra time to get to the airport if traveling on Tenn. 75 between Gray and Blountville.
Wilson posted the following on the TCRA website: "Daily road construction along with temporary slowdowns due to highway expansion work may affect your travel time in that area. Be aware of your flight departure time and try to leave a few minutes early when heading to the Airport. Airlines require passengers to be at the gate at least 30 minutes prior to departure."
Elizabethton's Summers-Taylor Inc. is the project's general contractor, and it was the only company to submit a bid to the Tennessee Department of Transportation. The company is the largest heavy and highway construction contractor in the tri-state region of Northeast Tennessee, Southwest Virginia and Western North Carolina.
"So far, we've come pretty far along with clearing, bulldozing and grading on the west side of (Tenn.) 75," said Rab Summers, Summers-Taylor president. "Most of what we've done is to prepare for the two lanes on that side. Over the next two years there will be portions of the project completed and we will shift periodically to different lanes. I would caution people that as we progress, there will be delays."
Crews this week worked mainly within the first few miles from the project's starting point. Some areas of the hillside are being blasted with explosives to break up the rock, which is being removed by dump trucks. Bulldozers also are at work and other equipment lines both sides of the road preparing to install power and water lines.
This is one of several projects in the works for that area.
The new bridge over the Holston River is just about finished. This was a separate $9.7 million project, though it is along the route to the airport. The old bridge spanning the Holston River on Tenn. 75 near Boone Dam was demolished in early April. It was originally built in 1936, and was brought down after the new five-lane bridge was completed.
In July 2010, after a request by the Johnson City Metropolitan Planning Organization and the urging of state Rep. Dale Ford, R-Jonesborough, TDOT announced federal approval for a proposed project to improve the Interstate 26 interchange at Tenn. 75 in Gray. Construction is expected to begin soon.
The Federal Highway Administration approved a study showing the need for a project to improve access and safety at the interchange. During a three-year period, TDOT found there were 187 crashes in the area of Tenn. 75 and I-26. In addition, the current bridge on Tenn. 75 accommodates two travel lanes and will be over capacity before the 2030 planning horizon.
TDOT plans to widen the bridge on Tenn. 75 over I-26 from two lanes to four lanes with two 12-foot shoulders. The estimated $12 million project also will include a new off ramp from I-26 eastbound and other ramp modifications.


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1979 Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow II Fully Restored in and out in the past few years. Four door Automatic with new Two-Tone exterior paint, Headliner, Carpet,... More
West Coast Classics are proud to present an absolutely exceptional and very collectible example of this 1980 Rolls Royce Silver Shadow II sedan. This... More
1980 Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow II, One Owner since new.... More
I am selling an Original and very solid 1978 Rolls Royce Silver Shadow ll. The car is Saffron Yellow w/ Brown Vinyl Roof, Brown... More
1979 Rolls Royce Silver Shadow II RHD that can be used as a driver. The car is in white with a black top and... More
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[[city]], [[state]] [[zip]]
Date: [[date]]
Time: [[time]]
Organic Dan
Chief Hoperations Officer
In addition to making all the beer, I'm responsible for inspiring my staff and my customers to think of Bison as more than a beer–we are a movement. I lead by example sharing that one need not sacrifice the pleasures of everyday living to be green and sustainable. Oh, yeah, and I pretty much run the company.
If you were a style of beer, what would you be and why?
I'd be my Belgian Dubbel, Raisin' Cain. Like the brew, I am a revolutionary. I have a wonderful dark fruit flavor from all the anti-oxidents I consume, a warming dark malt backbone to compliments the richness of life, and I finish with a blend of bitter and sweet from the entrepreneurial journey of advocating for organics. Organic cane sugar leaves a sweet taste on my lips. I pair well with everything from a street food like a Bahn Mai sandwich with pickled slaw, to a Michelin Chef's Grilled Pork Belly with Cauliflower and Peach remoulade.
What is your favorite Bison beer to swill down?
My IPA is, to me, perfect. It's not too bitter, but I can taste the pungent tangerine from the organic hop farmer's work, the fruity esters from yeast, augmenting the citrus of the organic hops, and the sweetness of the finest organic malts. I make the IPA so I can enjoy two or three and still be a social animal.
What is you favorite beer and food pairing?
Chocolate Stout, roasted onions and potatoes, and a pan seared Free Range Rib Eye Steak….my dry roasty brew has a rich chocolate character, and a silky and smokey aroma is accentuated when paired with grilled meats and veggies.
What does organic craft beer mean to you?
Craft beer is rarely alone. Organic food and beverage is the nexus of three sustainable activities in our modern world: socializing with family & friends; knowing that the agriculture practices produced zero pollution to our rivers and streams that harm waterfowl and fisheries, and the farm workers; and celebrating the farmers and food artisans who take the care to make our lives richer with their handiwork.
And lastly, what is the best part about working for Bison Brewing?
Although the journey to grow my company the last couple years has now taken me out of my brewer's boots everyday (my favorite vocation), it brings me in touch daily with world-class employees, distributors, retailers, consumers, and social media mavens. I look forward to my job everyday because it is different everyday.


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Some owners are still unaware that it was recalled in 2012.
Blending Two Lives
With some fabric, paint and a little TLC, contributing style editor Eddie Ross freshened up furniture that he found at a twice-annual rummage sale in Somerset Hills, New Jersey, benefiting the Visiting Nurse Association. And following our how-to guides, you can do it, too! To find a sale near you, search the Flea Finder at FleaMarkets.com, and then flip through the slideshow to steal a few of Ross's renovation tricks.
A bench with great legs gets modernized with wood stain (we used Minwax Wood Finish in Dark Walnut from Minwax), a super
Family Command Center


text: Prev | Next Purchase this photo Mark Webb/For The Herald-Dispatch Children prepare to battle with squirt guns as Marshall's softball team hosts a camp for children Tuesday, July 16, 2013, at Dot Hicks Field in Huntington. Gallery: Marshall softball hosts summer camp Jul. 16, 2013 @ 09:11 PM Mark Webb/For The Herald-Dispatch Marshall Thundering Herd softball hosted the first of its three summer camps for young players this week at Dot Hicks Field. ()


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Buffalo Sabres NHL Dogear 59FIFTY
Made of 100% Wool, Woven
This 59FIFTY® fitted cap features an embroidered (raised) Buffalo Sabres team logo on the front, stitched New Era® flag at wearer's left side, and embroidered NHL® logo on the rear. Interior includes branded taping and a moisture absorbing sweatband.
- 20141772
- Color:
- LightNavy
- Availability:
- In Stock - Ships 1 business day
International shipping available to Canada - info


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Good way to hide the test results is to pull out of the fight first lol
Good way to hide the test results is to pull out of the fight first lol
Vitor Belfort's lawyer says random NSAC test results 'not relevant'
Totally iffy... But I don't damn a man on iffy...
I'm sure we'll get edited details of the test from Belfort and Co. in due cause :dancingsmile:
Not damming the man on iffy. My apologies if my post gave you or anyone that implication. Just my speculation on the matter. Isn't this what forums are for? To add your opinion on a matter. I don't know for sure if that was his intentions just sayin maybe he knew and didnt want the public to criticize him for it. Maybe he didnt pissed hot. Maybe he didnt sign cause in all reality the only people who need this info is him and the commission. I like vitor and always have (except when I thought he killed Matt linland). Do I think he's a cheat? No not really. I think his skill set alone gives a lot of fighters trouble.
There is a difference between refusing extra testing, and withholding results of an already taken test. A big, mega huge, giganterous difference. It's apples, because it's annoying to go to the store for extra apples when you got enough apples at home, and oranges, when the oranges can be picked up by someone else, and all you have to do is say ok, get them.


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View all calendars is the default. Choose Select a Calendar to view a specific calendar.
2013-3-11T7:00 PMMarch 11, 7:00 PM - 8:57 PM
@ Civic Center Cinema
2013-3-11T1:00 PMMarch 11, 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM
@ Luke Horning Memorial Sk8 Park
Brooms provided by Parks & Recreation. Open to Middle school students and High school students.
2013-3-11T11:00 AMMarch 11, 11:00 AM - 4:00 PM
@ Salmonberry Ski Hill
A Single Rope Tow hill for skiing and snowboard activities. Open to everyone with a Season Pass, if under 10 years, must be accompanied by an adult. Dogs need to be on a leash and no sleds please!
2013-3-11T6:00 AMMarch 11, 6:00 AM - 8:00 AM
@ Valdez Swimming Pool
Get some exercise swimming laps! Lanes lines are used to separate swimmers and reduce their waves. If under 14 years old, must be accompanied by an adult and be proficient enough to swim laps.
2013-3-11T6:30 PMMarch 11, 6:30 PM - 7:30 PM
@ Valdez Swimming Pool
2013-3-11T7:30 PMMarch 11, 7:30 PM - 8:30 PM
@ Valdez Swimming Pool
Fun for all ages! Both pools are open, diving board is open. Deep-end is roped-off from the shallow end, making "lap swimming" difficult. Must be 8 years old or accompanied by an adult.
2013-3-11T9:30 AMMarch 11, 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM
@ Woody Woodman Teen Center


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ABCbodybuilding - View Single Post - Machine-Like: Time To Get Strong and Defy Gravity
Machine-Like: Time To Get Strong and Defy Gravity
View Single Post
is Getting Stronger Everyday
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Tallahssee, FL.
Posts: 679
Originally Posted by
Can you tell me more about this? I've done assistance work on DE days before, just looking to learn other perspectives. Thanks.
Commander, there is nothing wrong with doing assistance work on DE days, I'm just coming from the perspective of a pure powerlifter. When I do assistance work I make sure that it is efficient and effective. I have noticed that when I cut out assistance work on the dynamic days I seem to be stronger and fresher on my strength days (which are 72 hours later). I always ask myself, "Will doing this get me stronger?" Often the answer is no with assistance work on these days, because I believe dynamic work should be all about specificity, so for this reason I usually stick to the main exercise and then move on. Also, since there is a meet coming up for me cutting the assistance work on these days is a good way to limit volume. Just my thoughts, there are times when it could be beneficial, I have just seen improvements without it. I don't think there is a right or wrong answer to using it on these days or not, if you see improvements with an assistance exercise that works then do it, if it isn't effective then cut it out. I probably let you down with my extremely unscientific answer for that I apologize.
Mike Zourdos, Ph.D., CSCS
Assistant Professor
Exercise Science
Florida Atlantic University
USAPL Raw Lifter
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Saturday, December 21, 2013
A U.S.-based, family-run flag manufacturer that has been in operation for more than 100 years is expanding its existing operations in Williamsburg County. Valley Forge Flag Company's $2.5 million investment is expected to generate 100 new jobs for the area. "Our company is committed to manufacturing in the United States and keeping jobs in this country. The State of South Carolina and Williamsburg County have been instrumental in helping to bring those jobs to South Carolina and we are truly appreciative of the long-standing partnership we have cultivated with them. We are proud not only to say that our flags are "Made in the U.S.A," but are equally proud to say that they are "Made in South Carolina." said Scott Liberman, CEO of Valley Forge Flag Company. " Based in Wyomissing, Pa., Valley Forge Flag Company will expand its current operations into an existing 300,000-square-foot facility in Williamsburg County, located at 119 Milliken Road, Kingstree, S.C. The company's philosophy of "proudly made in the U.S.A." means its flags are made entirely of domestic materials in U.S. facilities with U.S. labor. "South Carolina is where companies can find success, whether in an urban environment or in one of our rural communities," said Gov. Nikki Haley. "We're proud to have Valley Forge Flag Company call South Carolina home, and we celebrate the company's decision to invest $2.5 million and create 100 new jobs in Williamsburg County." The company presently employs more than 300 people at its facilities in Pennsylvania and South Carolina. Importantly, the expansion preserves nearly 200 existing South Carolina jobs while adding 100 additional personnel at the new Kingstree facility. "Manufacturing has long been one of South Carolina's economic mainstays," said Secretary of Commerce Bobby Hitt. "Whether we're making cars, planes, tires or flags, the Palmetto State is leading our neighboring states in manufacturing GDP, proving we are leading the manufacturing renaissance." Since January 2011, South Carolina has recruited more than $10 billion in capital investment and more than 28,000 jobs in the manufacturing sector. "The announcement of Valley Forge's expansion of their operations to Kingstree is truly wonderful news," said Sen. Yancey McGill, chairman of the North Eastern Strategic Alliance's executive committee. "This great day signifies the fact that our cooperative spirit and determination will continue to lead us to more successes in economic development. Valley Forge could have located their facility anywhere in the world and they chose to do it in the NESA region. Valley Forge and their decision makers have made a strong statement about the business climate of Kingstree and surrounding Williamsburg County by continuing to build their business here." "We are extremely pleased that Valley Forge Flag has chosen to expand into the Kingstree area of Williamsburg County," said Stanley Pasley, Williamsburg County supervisor and chairman of Williamsburg County Council. "We look forward to an extended relationship that will be mutually beneficial and contribute to the overall prosperity of Williamsburg County. This type of company meets the desires of our strategic plan in multiple ways." The company plans to begin hiring for the new positions in January of 2014. Anyone interested in job opportunities with the company should contact Human Resources at firstname.lastname@example.com. The Coordinating Council for Economic Development approved job development credits for the project. For more information about Valley Forge Flag Company, please visit www.valleyforgeflag.com.
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August 3, 2015
TEXAS CITY An audio recording reveals the captains of the two vessels that collided in the Houston Ship Channel were aware they were perilously close to one another, but still failed to avert a spill that dumped 168,000 gallons of oil into the water.
The recording was released to the Houston Chronicle (http://bit.ly/1ommtpw ) by the U.S. Coast Guard and indicates the captains spoke too late to avoid the March 22 collision in the crowded waterway.
The collision near Texas City closed one of the nation's busiest seaports for several days and sent a stream of dense, sticky oil into the Gulf of Mexico and southward along the Texas coast.
Cleanup efforts continue but the oil has killed dolphins, sea turtles, sea birds and other wildlife.
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