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Texas Medicare Part D Drug Plans help Medicare recipients control their prescription drug costs.
Medicare Part D covers most types of prescription drugs in the U.S., with just a few exceptions.
The following types of drugs are among those not covered:
- Drugs for cosmetic purposes or hair growth or fertility
- Barbiturates & Benzodiazepines
- Most prescription vitamins & mineral products
- Drugs for anorexia, weight loss or weight gain
- Drugs for symptomatic cold & cough relief
- Erectile dysfunction drugs
However, Part D drug plans work differently than other types of prescription drug insurance.
It's important to understand the Coverage Gap and how it may affect you. To learn how Texas Medicare Part D drug plans work, please view our Texas Medicare Part D Basics outline.
For 2014, there are approximately 30 Texas Medicare Part D drug plans to choose from.
For help understanding Texas Medicare Part D, please call us or request online help here:
Texas Medicare Part D help


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Managing CO2
Producing, transporting and refining oil products creates CO2 emissions but the majority are emitted when fuels are burned. Viewed from this life-cycle perspective, fuels derived from oil sands emit around 4-18% more CO2 than from the average barrel of conventional crude consumed in the US. We are working to close this gap by improving our energy efficiency and will begin construction on the Quest carbon capture and storage project to store CO2 from our Scotford Upgrader. Quest will be operational by 2015.
Fuels come from a variety of feedstocks and are produced, distributed and used in different ways. This means the total CO2 emissions over their life cycle – known as well-to-wheels – varies. Conventional heavier crudes, for example, are harder to extract than lighter ones. This requires extra energy that results in more emissions. Oil from oil sands produces around 4-18% more CO2 emissions compared to the average barrel of conventional crude consumed in the US. Our calculations indicate that Athabasca Oil Sands Project-produced heavy oil is at the lower end of that range.
Life cycle CO2 emissions from different crudes
Energy efficiency
Fuel derived from oil sands is 5-15% more GHG intensive than fuel derived from conventional oil.
On a well-to-wheels basis, fuel derived from oil sands is 4-18% more GHG intensive than fuel derived from conventional oil.
At our oil sands project in Canada we have taken measures to save energy, for example by installing a co-generation plant at the Muskeg River Mine. The plant recycles energy by capturing waste heat from electricity production and emits less than half the CO2 per unit of electricity than using the local power grid.
Carbon capture and storage
We are leading a project to capture CO2 emissions from our Scotford Upgrader processing plant and store them underground. The upgrader converts the heavy oil from the oil sands into lighter crudes. Starting in 2015 our project, called Quest, will capture over one million tonnes of CO2 per year, equivalent to taking 175,000 cars off the road.
In September 2012, Shell and AOSP partners announced their decision to invest in Quest. The governments of Alberta and Canada will provide CDN $865 million to support the project, over the construction and first 10 years of operation and dependent on Shell achieving agreed performance targets.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Knights Inn Slaton is situated close to the business district and expressway. Celebrated for its comforting ambiance, Knights Inn Slaton is a tremendous
Find great deals on quality hotels & resorts in Slaton Texas, or indulge at one of our luxury resorts. Take advantage of the many amenities that can be included with your stay such as in-room internet access, wifi, room service, fitness center, pool, hot tub, steam room, and shuttle services to and from the airport. Browse our hotels and resorts in Slaton Texas and plan your Slaton Texas vacation today!


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The low budget movie Exhibit A proves you don't need to splash Hollywood millions on the screen to create an effective and entertaining spectacle. This year has seen a number of great additions to this list, and we've listed the best of them here.
Exhibit A tells the timely story of a normal family disintegrating under financial pressure, eventually driven to the unimaginable. All is not as it seems as the King Family go about their day to day lives oblivious of the horror to come. Dad Andy (Bradley Cole) is nursing a secret that ultimately leads to terrible consequences for them all. We witness these chilling events unfold through daughter Judiths (Brittany Ashworth) video camera, which subsequently becomes Exhibit A. Exhibit A is inspired by the many men in real life who are known to their neighbors as devoted husbands and fathers, but for unknowable reasons suddenly decide to take drastic action to protect their loved ones.
True Horror is other people.
Released on http://www.exhibitathemovie.co.uk/
The film is a co-production between Bigger Pictures and Warp Films (Dead Mans Shoes, This is England), both Yorkshire based companies. It was shot in Leeds in the North of England and partly on the Suffolk Coast. It was produced with financial assistance from lottery investors Screen Yorkshire and Screen East and private equity. It was shot in 18 days with minimal crew and the actors doing all their own camera work.
Exhibit A (2009) official trailer from Richard Wood on Vimeo.
Exhibit A is sadly the last film that, stunt co-coordinator, Roy Alon worked on. Roy holds the world record for performing the most stunts in cinema history and his long career included many Bond films and the Indiana Jones Trilogy.
Writer & Director Dom Rotheroe (My Brother Tom – Film Four)
Producer Darren Bender (The Hamburg Cell – Channel 4)
From the start of this film you know that it is all going to rest on the two central performances of Chris and Shifty: and Mays and Ahmed do not disappoint. Mays you will probably recognise from Channel 4s recent sitcom Plus One where he showed his prowess at comedy, and here though he shows he is just as good at drama as he gives Chris the emotional depth needed to make him not only believable but likeable as well. Ahmed was seen as the boyfriend of Jamie Winstone in Charlie Brookers excellent Dead Set where, despite having a minor role, proved his worth. Here he provides Shifty with much humanity, a important factor given that its always difficult for an audience to identify with a drug dealer.
At the core of all of this action is Colin, whose character is built up through a series of strangely touching moments where he reacts to his zombification with confusion, or becomes attached to objects and signs from his past. As the story progresses his family finds him, and try to save him from his cannibalistic fate with some extreme psychology: not a bad plot point to awaken your emotional side after a fair while of mere zombie carnage!
Overall, this is a great concept which plays out remarkably well on such meagre funds. There are a lot of funny and touching moments…
One of the few films that we've seen on the big screen that warrants a second viewing. Moon is an intelligent and sophisticated exercise in sci-fi filmmaking which is brimming with ideas that are refreshingly presented. Director Duncan Jones sets up a great atmosphere and gives you a premise which becomes frighteningly realistic despite its distant setting.
The music and visuals are also amongst the best of the year, it's no surprise that Moon is topping many polls… it's in my top ten for sure.
Its a fairy tale scenario: some anonymous guy or gal picks up a hand-held camera, makes a film on a shoestring budget and thereby obtains fame and fortune. On the very few occasions that this happens the level of excitement amongst audiences and the press tends to reach fever pitch.
Such was the case in 1999 with The Blair Witch Project; ten years later its happened again with Paranormal Activity. The word of mouth quick-fire has transformed Israeli director Oren Pelis $15,000 debut feature into the highest grossing independent film of all time.
After his stint as the director and creative brains behind Lord of The Rings, anything Peter Jackson does is going to be watched with interest. But it seems he also has a talent for spotting talent in others as in Neill Blomkamp hes discovered a director with a creative vision to rival his own. District 9 is a sci-fi masterpiece and a strong contender for the best film of the year.
Its storytelling is not the only place it shines; the action is also exhilarating and exciting with special effects that are utterly seamless.


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Item boilerplate · Boilerplate help · Research: Wowhead WoWDB
- Glyph of Fire Elemental Totem
- Item Level 73
- Major Glyph
- Classes: Shaman
- Requires level 68
- Use: Reduces the cooldown of your Fire Elemental Totem by 5 min.
- Sell Price: 1
This item is created with Inscription; discovered through Northrend Inscription Research.
|1x [Ink of the Sea]
|1x [Resilient Parchment]
This glyph does not allow your elemental pet to be summoned in Arena.
Patches and hotfixes
- Patch 3.3.0 (08-Dec-2009): (undocumented) Now reduces the cooldown of [Fire Elemental Totem] by 5 minutes (old - 10 minutes).
- Patch 3.0.8 (2009-01-20): Reduces the cooldown of your Fire Elemental Totem by 10 min. (Up from 4 min)


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Mozilla released the latest version of Firefox, version 188.8.131.52, this week, saying the update addresses a number of security and stability issues.
Mozilla notified users of 19 flaws in Firefox this week, 11 of which were called critical by the company.
The flaws allowed possible security bypasses, cross-site scripting, address spoofing, exposure of sensitive information, denial of service (DoS) attacks and system access, according to vulnerability monitoring firm Secunia.
Mozilla, in a statement posted Thursday on its website, urged users to upgrade for security reasons.
"Mozilla Corporation is also strongly recommending that Firefox 1.0 users upgrade to this latest release of Firefox 1.5 in order to take advantage of significant security and stability improvements," the company said. "Firefox 1.5 includes an automated update mechanism that ensures users are always up to date with the very latest updates."
Mozilla last issued vulnerability alerts in February over multiple highly critical flaws.
Meanwhile, Opera also released version 8.54 of its web browser this week. The open-source software was updated to address a buffer-overflow issue in handling cascading style sheets, according to the SANS Institute's Internet Storm Center website.
Copyright © SC Magazine, US edition
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Updated Oct 3, 2012 - 1:00 pm
Teen licks NYC subway rail for $1
A teenager in New York City is $1 richer after accepting a dare to lick a handrail at a subway station.
University of Arizona microbiologist Charles P. Gerba told NBC News, "If anyone dares you to lick anything in public, lick a toilet seat. It would be safer to lick a toilet than a handrail on a bus."
Spend that buck wisely, kid.


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Herald-Sun editorial: Week's end
A number of organizations provide ways to help people who need it during the holiday season. Welcome Baby is one of those. Welcome Baby is a Durham County organization that offers support and information to parents. Its Coat and Diaper Drive extends through Jan. 18.
Donations of diapers, as well as coats from newborn to size 8, are needed for the Welcome Baby Giving Closet. The items will be distributed to Durham County families who can benefit from them. The Giving Closet serves about 800 families every year, providing items for babies at no cost to the families. More information can be found at 919-560-7150, and donation locations include the Durham County Cooperative Extension, Durham County main Library, and Durham County Department of Public Health.
Rashawn King is a freshman guard for North Carolina Central University's men's basketball team, but he is a lot more than that.
King, who earns this week's Herald-Sun Grit Award, lives with leukemia. He is a survivor, a walk-on who contributes to the Eagles basketball team despite undergoing required chemotherapy treatments that are expected to end in September. He is even considering trying to walk on to the NCCU football team next year.
King is a graduate of Middle Creek High School in Apex. A business major, King adds depth at the wing position for the Eagles, and serves to inspire through his words and actions.
"He's a very strong individual, as far as what he's been through. So I just look at that as motivation to me to exploit the opportunity that I have at hand and just go hard every day like it's my last," NCCU guard Jeremy Ingram said.
Coach LeVelle Moton said, "Rashawn King has reminded me of what's really important in life, because we get caught up in this rat race of society called winning and losing."
Moton arranged for King to meet LeBron James and Mike Krzyzewski at a preseason NBA game, and James gave King a pair of his game-worn shoes. King had turned down a Make-A-Wish opportunity to see James while in high school, instead opting to provide lunch for all of his classmates in a truly selfless gesture.
Whatever King accomplishes on and off the court in the future, he has already overcome a great deal to get to where he is now.


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Winedale - Buildings & Decorative Arts -
Four-Square Barn
The Four-Square Barn was also part of the original Lewis Farmstead. It is properly called a "transverse crib barn" because it consists of two pairs of corn cribs across from each other. The barn was built by the Lewis family sometime after 1848. Constructed of hand-hewn oak logs with some long cedar beams, it has mortise and tenon joints and half-dovetail corner notching. It is one of the few such barns still in existence in Texas.
The barn was designed to store corn in the cribs and corn tops and hay in the loft above. Animals and equipment were kept in the sheds attached around the perimeter. The barn was restored following the Wagner House restoration and today houses agricultural and cabinet-maker's tools and equipment.


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Courses: Topics in Biophysical Chemistry (CHEMH352D01)
Fall 2007
Two lectures. Survey of spectroscopic methods of probing the structure and function of biopolymers, accompanied by interpretive reading of the literature on topics of current interest, with an emphasis on structure and dynamics of protein folding.
Syllabus: View course syllabus
Prerequisites: Prerequisite: Biology 200a,b or consent of instructor.
Fulfills: NA II
Taught By
Haverford, Link 309
Meeting Times
TTh 10:00-11:30


text:
UK Insurance Quotes - Contact Us
PLEASE NOTE: We are an affiliated company. Should you have any questions or complaints regarding a Post Office service or product, please contact the Post Office directly.
Post Office Contact Details
PO Box 740
Royal Mail and Parcelforce Worldwide
If you need help or information on Royal Mail or Parcelforce Worldwide products and services, or would like to make a complaint, please visit the appropriate website or contact the helpline on the numbers listed below:
Royal Mail
08457 740 740 or if you are deaf or hard of hearing call our Textphone number on 08456 000 606
Lines are open from 8am - 7.30pm Monday to Friday and from 8am - 12noon Saturday.
Parcelforce Worldwide
08708 50 11 50 or if you are deaf or hard of hearing call our Textphone number on 08000 85 58 57.
Lines are open from 8.30am-6pm Monday to Friday and from 8.30am-12.30pm Saturday
Insurance Quote UK Website Contact Details
Our Contact Details:
The full name of our company is Insure UK which is a trading name of Artemis Eight LLP.
Our address is BIG Studios, 1 East Poultry Avenue, London, EC1A 9PT.
Our registered number is OC311651.


text:
Landscape Gardening Services in Ashford
Want to brighten up your garden? Need a local landscaping contractor to transform your business garden? For professional landscaping services in Kent, call PP Landscaping today. Local, fully approved landscapers, we'll produce beautiful results for you and your property. Get your dream garden today - call PP Landscaping.
Looking for a landscaper in Ashford? For a reliable local landscaping contractor, choose PP Landscaping.
Anything is possible with our garden design and landscaping services - get started today!
Call us on 01233 641 214
• Garden design services
• Hard and soft landscaping
• Gorgeous fences and decking
• Water features and ponds
• Garden maintenance and complete makeovers
Landscaping solutions for any property, from digging ponds to laying turf. Call our garden landscapers today.
Order from our range of garden turfs and we'll provide all the turf laying and planting you need.


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Keshya Williams: Are Ohio will, power of attorney legal in Florida?
Q: I recently moved to Florida and have three questions. Is my Ohio will legal and accepted in Florida? Is my Ohio power of attorney legal and accepted in Florida? Can my beneficiary live in Ohio?
A: The terms of the Ohio will and power of attorney are required to be in compliance with the laws of Florida. For example, they have to be properly executed, witnessed and notarized as it states under Florida Statute Chapter 709 Powers of Attorney and 732 Wills if you wish to use the documents under Florida law. It's best to retain an attorney who handles estate planning to review both of the documents to make sure they are in compliance.
Florida law will not dictate who can and cannot be a named beneficiary in a will. Therefore, if your beneficiary lives in Ohio, you may use your discretion as to property, financial gifts and so forth that you wish to bequeath to him. You should know that if the beneficiary is a pet, the law does place restrictions on naming an animal as a beneficiary in a will. Generally, many state laws will permit a testator to leave money and property to a caretaker of a pet in an effort to help care for the animal, but will not allow the gifts to be given directly to the pet because pets are considered to be property and not people.
If you have a legal issue on your mind, write Williams at firstname.lastname@example.com or P.O. Box 5555, Tallahassee, 32314.
Subscribe to TCPalm.com and our Treasure Coast Newspapers
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6180.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 6:30am-10:30am / Sunday: 7am-11am


text: Saw some ginger molasses cookies from Fresh & Easy labeled gluten-free. They state on the label that they publish their latest random batch test results on their web page. Sure enough they use a GLP lab and get the <5 ppm on their last batch from April. I'm impressed by this small company's efforts for the gluten-free community.


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Fans brag about how well-behaved the Duggar kids are considering the number of kids. This observation comes from the fans and not the family. You never hear them arguing with, see them disobeying or crossing their parents. They seemingly behave better than the standard family of two kids. Jim Bob and Michelle never raise their voices to correct on the rare occasion the kids need it. Parents all over ask how do they manage this with so many kids. If you watch the 'discipline outtakes' on TLC, Michelle uses what appears to be kind and gentle techniques. Critics feel they hide some of the harsher discipline techniques given their Fundamentalists backgorund. Are we being shown everything?
Here is an excerpt from The Arkansas Gazette:
The Duggars consider the Bible something of an owner's manual, a how-to for life. They sometimes employ "time outs" to discipline their children, but they also think the Bible teaches parents to spank and even instructs on how to do it. The children and Michelle recite a new Bible passage each morning, and they have actions to go with the words. For instance, when reciting Exodus 20, verses 1-17, the children run a finger along their necks in a quick swipe, as if killing themselves, as they read the passage, "Thou shall not kill."Particular emphasis is stressed on "Spare the rod spoil the child" and "Train up a child in the way he should go." Those who grew up especially in the Southern states are probably familiar with these.Their website gives links to resources and books that endorse corporal punishment but other pages have been removed. The Duggars took down the page on Blanket training because it disturbed viewers. Blanket training is a technique where the baby is placed on a blanket with toys just outside the blanket. If the baby is caught reaching for toys he or she is hit with an object. They make a reference to the S.M. Davis and how he helped their family: www.solvefamilyproblems.com. The Duggars no longer mention the controversial Michael and Debi Pearl who came under fire for their almost abusive techniques. I'm not saying the Duggars use them or anything but hey do make reference. You will just have to research for yourself and draw your own conclusions.
If you watch the show regularly, you may notice discipline slipping. The kids are a bit more active than in the early specials. There could be a few reasons for this. One, the situation with Josie requires the parents gone most of the time so maybe it's way they vent frustrations. Two, cameras are on them. The younger kids are more aware of the camera since they are older and show out a bit which is normal. Three, the producers read comments on message boards and just trying to show some reality and appease the audience. It is good to see kids being kids though I wouldn't condone sliding down stairs or roller skating in the house. Yes over all the Duggar kids behave better than most but they do act out. Corrections are handled well. It is unrealistic to think this many behave all the time. We have to remember this is TV and anything can be edited.


text:
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Index to Printed Music: Collections & Series
The Index to Printed Music: Collections & Series is a tool for finding individual pieces of music printed in standard scholarly editions, as it indexes each individual piece in a collection. Music for specific performing forces is easily retrievable, thus offering detailed repertory for performers, conductors, and directors of ensembles.
Access Locations: New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center
Subjects: Performing Arts; Music
Update Frequency: Quarterly
Print Equivalent: JFM 97-157 and JMF 97-158 Collected editions, historical series & sets & monuments of music : a bibliography, available in the Music Division at The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.
Provider: EBSCO
Format: Web
Output Type: Print, Email, Download


text:
In general, in one aspect, the disclosure describes a network adapter device that can provide a remote host with access to different peripherals connected to the network adapter device. Such peripherals can include, for example, Universal Serial Bus (USB) peripherals and/or consumer electronic peripherals.
1. A network adapter device, comprising:
a processor;
a network interface;
at least one peripheral device interface; and
logic to cause the processor to:
relay data between a peripheral device connected to the network adapter device via one of the least one peripheral device interface and a host accessible via a network accessed via the network interface; and
automatically transmit discovery data for the network adapter to the host.
2. The network adapter device of
encapsulate data received from the peripheral device in a first packet;
transmit the first packet to the host via the network;
de-encapsulate data included in a second packet received from the host via the network; and
transmit the de-encapsulated data to the peripheral device.
3. The device of
4. The device of
5. The device of
6. A method of providing access to a computer peripheral, the method comprising:
receiving, at a device connected to a network, a first block of Universal Serial Bus (USB) data from a locally connected USB peripheral;
encapsulating the first block of USB data within a first set of at least one Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) packet; and
transmitting the first set of at least one TCP/IP packet encapsulating the first block of USB data from the networked device to a remote device over a network.
7. The method of
receiving the first set of at least one TCP/IP packet at the remote device;
de-encapsulating the first block of USB data from the at least one TCP/IP packet; and
processing the USB data at the remote device using a USB stack.
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
receiving a second set of at least one TCP/IP packet from the remote device at the networked device;
de-encapsulating a second block of USB data from the second set of at least one TCP/IP packet; and
transmitting USB data to the peripheral from the networked device.
12. A network adapter device, comprising:
a processor;
a network interface;
at least one interface to a consumer electronics device; and
logic to cause the processor to:
determine one or more characteristics of an attached consumer electronics device; and
transmit the one or more characteristics to a host located on a network via the network interface.
13. The device of
14. The device of
15. The device of
16. The device of
17. The device of
18. The device of
19. The device of
20. The device of
21. A method, comprising:
determining one or more characteristics of a consumer electronics device attached to a network adapter via an consumer electronics interface;
transmitting the one or more characteristics to a host located on a network via a network interface;
generating user interface data based on the one or more characteristics; and
transmitting the user interface data to the consumer electronics device.
22. The method of
23. The method of
24. The method of
25. The method of
26. The method of
27. The method of
receiving data from a remote control; and
transmitting the receive data to the host.
28. The method of
29. A computer program product, disposed on a computer readable medium, for providing access to a computer peripheral, the program including instructions for causing a processor to:
receive a first block of Universal Serial Bus (USB) data from a locally connected USB peripheral;
encapsulate the first block of USB data within a first set of at least one Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) packet; and
transmit the first set of at least one TCP/IP packet encapsulating the first block of USB data from the networked device to a remote device over a network.
30. The program of
receive a second set of at least one TCP/IP packet from the remote device;
de-encapsulate a second block of USB data form the second set of at least one TCP/IP packet; and
transmit USB data to the locally connected USB peripheral from the networked device.
[0001] In many businesses today, networking has become an integral part of operations. Desktop computers and/or laptops are connected to each other through a business network, such as a local area network (LAN), to enable users within the same company to communicate with each other and to share information. In addition, users within the same company are also able to share and use certain devices, such as printers, through the business network. An Internet connection further compliments the business network to provide access to a vast amount of data. Similarly, setting up a home network has recently become more popular. In a home network, multiple personal computers (PCs) are usually connected to each other through a network connection. Multiple users may, for example, play video games against each other or share a printer or an Internet connection through the home network.
[0002] With advancement in computer technology, both hardware-related and software-related, a personal computer (PC) in a home network may have numerous multimedia capabilities, such as playing music and displaying video. With a connection to the Internet, a PC or other computer brings multimedia data and a vast amount of other information to a user. However, even though recent multimedia improvements on the PC have allowed the PC in a home or small network to play music, videos, other types of multimedia and games, the PC has struggled for acceptance in the family room setting. Large consumer electronic (CE) devices, such as a television (TV) and a stereo system, in the family room remain the center of the entertainment experience in most households and small businesses.
[0003]FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system that includes a network adapter.
[0004]FIG. 2 is a schematic of a network adapter.
[0005]FIG. 3 is a diagram of a system that includes a network adapter that provides remote access to Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices.
[0006]FIG. 4 is a schematic of a universal serial bus (USB) network adapter.
[0007]FIG. 5 is a flow-chart of a process to provide remote access to a device.
[0008]FIG. 6 is a diagram of a system that includes a network adapter.
[0009]FIG. 7 is a schematic of a network adapter.
[0010] Reference will now be made to a variety of embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to these sample embodiments. On the contrary, the present invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding. However, the techniques may be practiced without these specific details.
[0011] Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" or "according to an embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
[0012]FIG. 1 shows an example of a system that includes a network 600, a controlling device 500, a network adapter device 100 and a number of peripheral devices 400 a-400 d. The controlling device 500 (e.g., a personal computer (PC)) is connected to the network 600. The network 600 may, for example, be a home network. The network adapter device 100 is also connected to the network 600 and located remotely from the controlling device 500. The peripheral devices 400 a-400 d are connected to the network adapter device 100. In one embodiment, the controlling device 500 and/or the network 600 is further connected to the Internet (not shown). The connection between a peripheral device 400 a-400 d and the network adapter device 100, connection between the network adapter device 100 and the network 600, connection between the network 600 and the controlling device 500, and connection to the Internet may be through a wire or wireless medium.
[0013] In the system, the network adapter 100 provides the controlling device 500 with transparent access to the peripheral devices 400 a-400 d, despite their remote location from the controlling device 500. While the network adapter 100 acts as an intermediate between the peripherals 400 a-400 d and the controlling device 500, the controlling device 500 can interact with the peripherals as if they were connected to the device 500 via a local peripheral bus.
[0014] In one embodiment, the network adapter device 100 includes logic that supports a discovery protocol, such as Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) (Universal Plug and Play Device Architecture, version 1.0, Jun. 13, 2000, from the Universal Plug and Play Forum), to allow the controlling device 500 to discover the network adapter device 100 over the network 600 without user intervention. Alternately, static configurations may be used.
[0015] The peripheral devices 400 a-400 d may include a wide variety of devices, including consumer electronic (CE) devices in addition to traditional computer peripherals (e.g., storage, printers, and so forth). The controlling device 500 and the peripheral devices 400 a-400 d can engage in interactive sessions through the network adapter 100 and the network 600. For example, control signals, computer data or multimedia data may be sent to the controlling device 500 by a peripheral device 400 a-400 d, which in turn may send response data to the peripheral device. Data such as control signals, display signals, and computer instructions, may also be generated by the controlling device 500 and sent to the peripheral device.
[0016] Although only one controlling device 500 and one network adapter device 100 are shown in FIG. 1, there may be more than one controlling device and/or more than one network adapter device connected to the network 600. Further, the network adapter 100 may connect to more or fewer peripherals than the four 400 a-400 d shown.
[0017]FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a network adapter device. The network adapter device 100 includes a processor 110, a communication stack 120, a network interface 130, logic 140, memory 150 and peripheral device interfaces 160 a-160 c. The network interface 130 allows the network adapter device 100 to be connected to a network 600, such as a home network. The communication stack 120 facilitates data transfer through the adapter device 100 to the network interface 130. The peripheral device interfaces 160a-160c are adapted to communicate with peripheral devices 400 a-400 d.
[0018] A controlling device 500, at a remote location on the network, interacts with the peripheral devices connected to the peripheral device interfaces 160 a-160 c via the adapter device 100. The logic 140 (e.g., computer instructions stored in memory 150) handles data received from the controlling device 500 via the network interface 130 and transmission of corresponding data to the correct peripheral devices through the corresponding peripheral device interfaces 160 a-160 c. Likewise, the logic 140 handles data received from the peripheral devices through the peripheral device interfaces 160 a-160 c and transmission of corresponding data to the controlling device 500 via the network interface 130.
[0019] Data transmitted by a peripheral can include data that facilitates in the recognition of the PC peripheral by the PC (e.g., UPnP data). The data may also be in the form of PC peripheral control information, such as administrative data, as well as data ordinarily sent by the PC peripheral to the PC and data ordinarily received by the PC peripheral from the PC when the PC peripheral is directly connected to the PC by a local bus. The PC peripheral may utilize different communication/connection schemes, such as USB, peripheral component interconnect (PCI), serial, parallel and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 1394 (IEEE Standard for a High Performance Serial Bus—Firewire, 1995, from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers).
[0020] The network adapter device 100 may be built with peripheral device interfaces 160 a-160 c capable of receiving PC peripherals with a certain type of communication scheme, such as USB. However, the network adapter device 100 may also be built with the peripheral device interfaces 160 a-160 c capable of receiving multiple communication schemes.
[0021]FIG. 3 shows an exemplary system that utilizes a network adapter device in the form of a USB forwarding device 200 in a home network. In this example, peripheral accessories 410 a-410 d include a USB hard disk 410 a, a USB printer 410 b, a USB mouse 410 c and a USB scanner 410 d. In the embodiment, the controlling device is in the form of a computer 510. The computer 510 is connected to the remotely located peripheral accessories 410 a-410 d through the home network 610 and the USB forwarding device 200. The home network may use a wide variety of wired or wireless schemes including Ethernet (IEEE Standard 802.3-2002, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications, 2002, from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (HomePNA) (HomePNA Specification 3.0, 2002, from the Home Phoneline Networking Alliance), Home Radio Frequency (HomeRF) (HomeRF 2.0 Specification, 2002, from the Home Radio Frequency Working Group, Inc.), IEEE Standard 802.11b (Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band, 1999, from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), IEEE Standard 802.11a (A Very-High-Speed, Highly Scalable Wireless LAN Standard, 1997, from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IEEE 1394 Firewire. While only one USB forwarding device 200 is shown in FIG. 3, a number of USB forwarding devices may be connected to the home network 610.
[0022] As shown, the USB forwarding device 200 can communicate with the controlling device 510 via the home network. The USB forwarding device 200 has the ability to forward USB device connection and control information over the home network 610 to the computer 510, and vice-versa. This data includes information that facilitates in the recognition of the USB accessories 410 a-410 d by the computer 510 over the network 610, information ordinarily sent by the USB accessories 410 a-410 d to the computer 510 and ordinarily received by the USB accessories 410 a-410 d from the computer 510 when the USB accessories 410 a-410 d are connected to the PC 510 by a local USB bus, and administrative information sent between the computer 510 and the USB forwarding device 200. The administrative information may be, for example, data such as the number of USB host interfaces of USB forwarding device 200, whether the forwarding device 200 is being used by other controlling devices 510, and so forth.
[0023]FIG. 4 shows an example of a USB network adapter device. The device 200 includes at least one USB host interface 260, control software 242, USB forwarding software 244, UPnP stack 270, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) stack 220, and home network interface 230. The USB host interface 260 allows data to be transmitted between a USB peripheral accessory and the USB forwarding device 200. Because USB is not a peer-to-peer bus like Ethernet or IEEE 1394, there is a master and a slave. In this case, the USB forwarding device 200 acts as a master, with the USB host interface 260 behaving much like a USB port on a regular PC. The USB forwarding device 200 may have the ability to reject connection of new USB peripheral accessories onto the USB host interface 260, for example, due to power or device limitations.
[0024] In operation, data is received by the USB host interface 260 from a USB peripheral accessory. The USB forwarding device 200 facilitates the computer 510 in recognizing the USB peripheral accessory, for example, by forwarding UPnP data for the peripheral. The device 200 also keeps track of where the peripheral data should be forwarded. For example, the device may store the Internet protocol (IP) address of the controlling device 510. Depending on the type of data being generated by the USB peripheral, the data may be processed with the control software 242 or the USB forwarding software 244. In one embodiment, the USB forwarding software 244 is in the form of a USB bridge driver layer, which understands USB commands and allows forwarding of the USB commands to the computer 510 through the home network 610. For example, the USB forwarding device 200 may encapsulate USB data within one or more TCP/IP packets for transmission to the controlling device 510.
[0025] While the USB forwarding device 200 can transmit USB data blocks to the controlling device, USB forwarding software 244 may perform some operations and respond to some peripheral requests and messages without forwarding such data to the computer 510. For example, USB is often used to distribute power to USB peripheral accessories. Thus, the USB forwarding software 244, or other software in the USB forwarding device 200, may control power monitoring and management without forwarding this information to the computer 510.
[0026] In preparing to forward data, the TCP/IP stack 220 receives the data to be sent to the controlling device 510 and assembles smaller packets to be transmitted over the home network 610. The TCP/IP stack 220 addresses each packet so that it gets to the controlling device 510. If TCP is used, the USB forwarding device 200 delimits the individual USB data payloads in most instances. In other embodiments, other network protocols may be used, including Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) and Apple AppleTalk. The packets are then sent to the home network interface 230 en route to the computer 510. Examples of the home network interface 230 include interfaces for Ethernet with speeds of 10/100/1000 Mps, IEEE 1394 Firewire, IEEE 802.11a or IEEE 802.11b wireless, HomePNA, HomeRF, HomePlug (HomePlug Power Appliance Specification 1.0, 2001, from the HomePlug Power Alliance). The computer's 510 TCP/IP stack can reassemble the forwarded data. After extracting the USB data block from the packets, the computer 510 can process the USB data using its USB device driver stack, or USB software stack.
[0027] Potentially, there may be numerous USB forwarding devices and other types of network adapter devices connected to the network 610, or there may be numerous computers connected to the network 610. Thus, to correctly route information between the computers and peripherals, the forwarding device 200 may track which peripherals are being used by which controlling devices 510. Because the computer 510 may control a number of USB forwarding devices as well as other types of network adapter devices, it may receive many USB data blocks from many USB forwarding devices, or many data blocks from other types of network adapter devices at any given moment. Thus, the computer 510 keeps track of what data came from which network adapter device.
[0028] In instances where multiple USB forwarding devices and multiple PCs are present on a home network, arbitration protocols may be used to determine which PC is granted access to a given remote network adapter device. For example, if a second PC tries to connect to a network adapter device that is already connected to another PC, the connection may be refused. This situation may also be more complex where, for example, the user may configure a device to accept only connections from a single PC in the home. Access may be resolved in several ways. A user may configure access on each PC via a graphic user interface. A user may base access on predefined PC priorities, in which a configuration application is utilized to set a network adapter device to a "first come, first serve" basis or set to a specific PC. If UPnP security is developed in the future, access control mechanisms may be used to ensure the right PC gets access to the devices. A network adapter device, such as a USB forwarding device, may also be configured to respond to a given PC by configuration of a shared token. If the network adapter device does not use UPnP, either the network adapter device or a PC with a forwarding driver is statically configured for access.
[0029] For data flowing to a peripheral, the computer 510 encapsulates the USB data in packets addressed to the forwarding device 200 and sends the packets to the home network 610 through the computer's home network interface. Through the home network 610, the data reaches the home network interface 230 of the USB forwarding device 200. The forwarding device's 200 TCP/IP stack 220 de-encapsulates the USB data and forwards the data to the appropriate peripheral accessory through its USB host interface 260.
[0030] The USB forwarding device 200 may be automatically detectable by the computer 510 through the home network 610. The USB forwarding device 200 may, for example, use a standardized UPnP device class profile, enabling it to report itself as a UPnP device on the home network 610. In a similar fashion, a USB peripheral accessory may also have the UPnP capability. In one embodiment, the UPnP stack 270, in conjunction with the control software 242, serves such purpose. Thus, if the data generated by the USB peripheral accessory is one of the data related to discovery of the peripheral, the data is sent to the controlling software 242. The data is then processed and sent to the UPnP stack 270. Through the TCP/IP stack 220, the home network interface 230 and the home network 610, the data arrives at the computer 510.
[0031] Based on the data received at the computer 510, the operating system, or alternative software, the computer 510 is able to detect the presence of the USB forwarding device 200 on the home network 610 and/or the peripherals connected to the USB forwarding device 200. The operating system, or the alternative software, then loads the appropriate device driver for the detected USB forwarding device 200 and/or the PC peripherals. In one embodiment, the driver may be a UPnP forwarding driver, built to talk to the specific USB forwarding device 200 and/or the peripheral. The driver initiates a connection to the USB forwarding device 200 and wedges into the operating system's USB device driver stack to enable forwarding of USB messages. A remotely attached USB peripheral accessory is enumerated, making it appear as if it was connected to the computer 510 via a local USB bus. This configuration minimizes the need for user configuration and allows the computer 510 to automatically detect the USB forwarding device 200 and/or the PC accessories connected to the USB forwarding device 200 without user intervention. It is noted that some USB forwarding devices may not utilize UPnP or other similar discovery protocol. In such case, the UPnP stack 270 may be eliminated, and either the USB forwarding device 200 and/or the computer 510 with the forwarding driver may be statically configured for access.
[0032] The computer 510 may include software to look at the performance characteristics or network conditions of the home network and allow forwarding only to a few devices. For example, a driver for the forwarding device may evaluate bandwidth, latency or jitter, which may change over time depending on what other network nodes are doing and depending on the degree of interference if a wireless medium is used. The driver may also use a Quality of Service (QoS) mechanism provided by the home network to facilitate high quality connections to remotely attached USB devices. For example, QoS may be used to guarantee delivery of real time audio traffic from a PC to a USB speaker attached to the networked USB forwarding device 200.
[0033]FIG. 5 illustrates a process for sending peripheral data through the network adapter to a controlling device. As shown, the adapter receives 810 the peripheral data (e.g., a USB data block) and encapsulates 820 the data within one or more packets. The adapter sends 830 these packets to the controlling device which subsequently de-encapsulates 840 and processes the USB data.
[0034]FIG. 6 shows an example of a system that uses a network adapter to permit a computer, such as a home PC, to provide a wide range of experiences to, the family room without having to move the PC to the family room location. The system shown includes a TV 420, a personal computer/consumer electronic (PC/CE) network adapter device 300, a home network 620, a controlling device in the form of a computer 520, and the Internet 700. The PC/CE network adapter device 300 communicates on the home network 620. The home network 620 may, for example, be any of the many wired or wireless mediums available, including Ethernet, HomePNA, HomeRF, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 1394 Firewire, etc.
[0035] Through the home network 620, the computer 520 is able to communicate with CE devices (e.g., the TV 420) via a PC/CE network adapter device 300. Thus, the PC/CE network adapter device 300 can bring many capabilities of the computer 520 to a family room CE device, such as a TV 420 and a stereo system. The connection to the Internet 700 provides increased information and entertainment capabilities, which may be explored by using a CE device virtually anywhere in the home. While FIG. 6 depicts a personal computer, the controlling device may take other forms. For example, a residential gateway or a dedicated media server may act as a host for family room applications. The residential gateway, for example, connects DSL or cable to the home network and acts as a firewall while the media sever includes a set top box (STB) that provides service such as video-on-demand or personal video recording capability via the adapter 300.
[0036] A wide variety of information may be transmitted between the PC/CE network adapter device 300 and the hosting computer 520 through the home network 620. The data generally relates to, among others, CE connection information, CE remote display information, CE remote synchronization information and CE remote input command information. For example, the PC/CE network adapter device 300 may receive interactive data in the form of control commands and/or display commands—e.g., clear, draw line, circle, text, picture, movie—from the hosting computer 520 on the home network 620 and render these commands to the TV 420. In one embodiment, pictures are displayed on a picture frame device to create a simple user interface and simple images/animations. To accomplish this feature, a basic set of primitives may, for example, be used. Primitives that may be used include one that resets the TV 420, supports double buffering, draws a fill box, draws an image, places a streaming video at a designated location, and repaints/updates the screen.
[0037] The PC/CE network adapter device 300 may also forward remote control or input commands over the home network 620 to the hosting computer 520. The host 520 can then send corresponding control signals to the target of the input. Depending on the type of CE devices being controlled, different interactive data are transferred between the CE device and the hosting computer 520. For example, if a stereo system is the CE device, then interactive data in the form of audio data, along with display and/or operation commands, may also be transmitted to and from the hosting computer 520. In addition to the TV 420 and the stereo system, a video player device, other audio player device, a recording device, other video display device, an intelligent appliance, a communication device or a wireless device may be connected to the PC/CE network adapter device 300.
[0038] The hosting computer 520 may run software that supports remote control or input commands, as well as other interactive data, from the PC/CE network adapter device 300. The hosting computer 520 further runs software that provides control and/or display commands to the remote CE device. For example, when user input or remote control commands are sent to the hosting computer 520, the computer 520 interprets the user remote control or input commands and forwards the information to the designated computer hosted device application. The hosting computer 520 may, for example, support a programming model for applications that provide specific family room experiences for the remote CE device. In one embodiment, this supporting software on the hosting computer 520 runs in a background mode so that it will not disturb a user currently using the hosting computer 520, other than possibly using spare processing power, storage space, etc. Depending on different environments, one or many PC/CE network adapter devices and one or many computers may be installed in the home/business simultaneously, with all of them connected together via the home network 620. In one embodiment, a user is allowed to optionally configure which computer connects to which adapter. The supporting software ensures that the PC/CE network adapter devices are used in a coordinated fashion. The maximum number of PC/CE network adapter devices may, for example, be limited by the available computer resources and network bandwidth.
[0039] Preferably, the supporting software on the hosting computer 520 is expandable and/or able to be upgraded, providing a plug-in model for adding new services that are installed either locally or over the Internet. The supporting software on the hosting computer 520 that provides the user experience may also leverage any of its other local content and software. For example, Web page filtering, local mail, picture and video storage may be leveraged to provide an even more rich experience. In one embodiment, the supporting software on the hosting computer 520 is remotely managed by a service provider on the Internet. This configuration enables new service-based business models and hides the complexity of setting up and operating the system. Such a model can support subscription or usage-based services. The protocols used to remotely manage software may vary. One example is to use Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI), which lists available services registered within the UDDI repositories and allows a company that wishes to create a custom solution using Web services to bind several Web services residing in a distributed environment. In operation, a user may select on his/her TV screen new services that he/she wants, and protocols such as UDDI ensures that the service arrives in the home.
[0040] Through a combination of the hosting computer 520 and the PC/CE network adapter device 300, a number of rich experiences may be provided to consumers in a family room setting. Examples include using a TV or other CE device to browse the Internet to obtain information, playing media content such as audio and video content distributed from the Internet and cached on the hosting computer 520 or elsewhere on the home network 620, and playing traditional media content from peripherals directly attached to the hosting computer 520, such as a digital versatile disc (DVD) and/or a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) drive/device. Other exemplary experiences include viewing still images from photo albums stored on the hosting computer 520 or elsewhere on the home network, and sharing or reviewing e-mail, pictures, TV show recommendations and ratings, etc. Scenarios that use or display Internet content on the TV 420 via the PC/CE network adapter device 300 not only leverage the hosting computer's browsing and decoding capabilities, but also use the computer 520 as a firewall to protect networked devices inside the home from unauthorized access.
[0041] The hosting computer 520 may also provide personal video recorder (PVR) capabilities, similar to those provided by Replay and TiVO™. For example, the PC/CE network adapter device 300 provides a digitized video stream that is cached/stored on the hosting computer 520, and the hosting computer 520 in turn provides a time delayed video stream playback and implements the normal PVR capabilities. PVR capabilities also include pausing live TV and offering on-screen TV guides, as well as other TV related services. Interactive TV capabilities may also be provided, with the hosting computer 520, for example, providing content that is roughly synchronized to TV shows and collects input that is used to drive the resulting interactive experience. Furthermore, the hosting computer and PC/CE network adapter device combination may allow the display of an integrated interface that allows a user to select and view home automation, control and security settings and status.
[0042] In the embodiment where the CE device is the TV 420, the experiences delivered by the hosting computer 520 may be optimized for the TV environment, such has having large fonts, colors that display well, nice visuals, and a simple menu system suitable for remote control operation. Thus, the experiences hosted on the computer 520 are adaptive to scale to the available capabilities of the home network 620. In addition, depending on the devices connected on the home network 620 and to the hosting computer 520, user experiences like PVR and home automation may or may not be available. It is noted that the hosting computer 520 adjusts accordingly in terms of the experiences that are given to the user.
[0043]FIG. 7 shows an example of a PC/CE network adapter device. The PC/CE network adapter device 300 includes an embedded processor 310, a UPnP stack 320, a network interface 330, display remoting software 340, input remoting software 345, memory 350, and a peripheral device interface in the form of a display output connector 360. The network interface 330 allows the PC/CE network adapter device 300 to be connected to a network, such as a home network. The display remoting software 340 and the input remoting software facilitate data transfer through the PC/CE network adapter device 300 to the network interface 330. The peripheral device interface 360 is adapted to receive a CE device, such as a TV or a stereo system. In one embodiment, graphics processing for graphics display at the CE devices may also be integrated on the PC/CE network adapter device 300.
[0044] A computer, sitting at a remote location on the home network, interacts with the CE device via the PC/CE network adapter device 300. The display remoting software 340 may use content and services on the Internet, the local hard drive and/or other PCs connected to the home network to generate a rich user interface. This user interface is then sent to the PC/CE network adapter device, which then displays it on a CE, such as a TV. Small video and animations may also be synchronized for display. If audio is desired, instead of or in conjunction with a video display, audio remoting software is further included. The input remoting software sends users input commands to the computer for processing. It is noted that the software in the memory 350 changes according to the different CE devices connected to the PC/CE network adapter device 300. Because the computer provides many required resources—e.g., processing, storage, flexibility—and the intelligence to manage the CE devices in the home, the PC/CE network adapter device may be made with low cost and simple setup in mind.
[0045] A CE device may utilize a different communication/connection scheme to communicate with the PC/CE network adapter device 300. Depending on the type of CE device to be connected, the PC/CE network adapter device 300 may provide different peripheral device interfaces to common CE devices using current analog connector connections or digital connector connections. For example, analog connector connections include RCA audio and video connector connections while digital connector connections include USB, serial, parallel, IEEE 1394 Firewire, and Sony/Philips Digital Interface (S/PDIF) connections.
[0046] The UPnP stack 320 allows automatic detection of the PC/CE network adapter device 300, making itself discoverable as a service on the home network without user intervention. In one embodiment, the PC/CE network adapter device 300 further includes a UPnP audio/video stack as well as audio and video encoders and decoders. This configuration may be implemented by software stored in the memory 350, or by the hardware equivalent. The PC/CE network adapter device 300 may also include home automation switching capabilities, with action commands being sent from the computer to the PC/CE network adapter device 300.
[0047] A wide variety of techniques may be used to support PC discovery of a device connected to the adapter 300. For example, after detecting a connected device, the network adapter 300 can transmit device identification or other characteristics (e.g., display size, image encoding type, input mechanism) to the PC. This information may be provided by the connected device and/or as data accessed by the PC upon receipt of information identifying the device. The PC then adapts itself to the target, for example, by selecting appropriately sized fonts, screen layout, or audio menus.
[0048] To fully extend experiences hosted by a computer in a preferred embodiment, the PC/CE network adapter device 300 may also include remote control and local input interfaces. Examples of the interfaces include Infrared (IR), Radio Frequency (RF), Bluetooth (Bluetooth Specification, version 1.1, 2001, from the Bluetooth Special Interest Group), and USB. At a given time, one or more of these interfaces are used to send remote control and input information to the hosting computer for family room experiences. At the hosting computer, the remote control and input information are processed and later utilized to drive user interfaces shown on a TV. In an embodiment where an infrared (IR) interface is supported, the PC/CE network adapter device 300 may be placed on top of the TV and within range of the infrared remote control.
[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the PC/CE functionality as provided by the PC/CE network adapter device 300 is achieved by placing supporting software, including display remoting software and input remoting software, and/or supporting hardware on devices such as a network-enabled game console, Set-Top Box (STB), DVD, TV, or PVR. The STB may, for example, be a WebTV™, Ultimate TV, Tivo™, or Replay.
[0050] In situations where there is more than one PC/CE network adapter device located in a home or a business, a single remote control can operate them by interacting with the hosting computer to provide the needed coordination. In one embodiment, a wireless remote control is used, and the user may assign a room name for each PC/CE network adapter device to a specific button on the remote control, so that he/she can control the operation of any PC/CE network adapter device from anywhere in the house. The remote control may also be equipped with a small, low cost screen for instant feedback to a user. This onboard screen may allow the user to select songs from a play list, or play an interactive family game where hidden choices are required, such as in a poker game. In one implementation, the screen is driven by applications running on the hosting computer.
[0051] In a more advanced version/embodiment of the PC/CE network adapter device, an IR out connector is built in the PC/CE network adapter device. This feature allows the PC/CE network adapter device to operate the TV and other family room equipment just as if the user were using a conventional remote control in the family room. In another embodiment, the PC/CE network adapter device is also equipped with appropriate audio/video input connectors to allow it to accept audio/video sources and digitize the media. The PC/CE network adapter device then sends the digitized media out over the home network to the hosting computer or to any other networked PC/CE network adapter device and the CE device connected thereto. The routing and control of these streams are coordinated and controlled by the hosting computer. For example, a user can use two PC/CE network adapter devices to operate the basement videocassette recorder (VCR) remotely from the family room using a computer-hosted family room user interface. In another scenario, the user selects a song from a play list displayed on the remote control screen, the computer hosted software instructs another PC/CE network adapter device to start a CD-ROM reader which then streams audio over the home network to the PC/CE network adapter device connected to the stereo system closest to the user.
[0052] Although many of the aforementioned embodiments of the present invention are shown to apply and/or described as being applied to a home network, they are not limited to the home environment. Small offices or any other location with wiring/space constraints may use embodiments of the present invention to connect a PC peripheral to a PC over a LAN. In specific embodiments relating to forwarding devices, it is noted that USB is also a power distribution network. The USB forwarding device, or other similar power distribution capable device, is self-powered or powered with an AC adapter, and in turn provides power to the PC accessories or CE devices attached to the host USB connector. Similarly, some network types also provide a power distribution capability—e.g., power over Ethernet or IEEE 1394 Firewire. If power is available over a given network type, it may be used to power a network adapter device and/or its attached peripheral devices within the limitations of the power source.
[0053] Embodiments of the present invention may also be used on a wireless network to make a USB forwarding device, a PC/CE network adapter device, or other types of network adapter devices, wirelessly mobile in a given environment. A wireless network transceiver and the necessary wireless networking layers may be integrated. Any wireless technology that sends IP packets is suitable. In one embodiment, a small wireless forwarding device is attached to a USB PC accessory that is in turn powered by a battery or an alternating current (AC) adapter. Moreover, a forwarding device or a PC/CE network adapter device may be combined with other functionality. For example, embodiments of the present invention may be added to a STB or cable box sitting on top of the TV in the family room, or added to an Internet gateway box.
[0054] While the foregoing description refers to particular embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that the particular embodiments have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings and may be made without departing from the spirit thereof. The accompanying claims are intended to cover such modifications as would fall within the true scope and spirit of the present invention. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
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This huge life size teddy bears will make a tight relationship with kids, plus they wish to value them even while they will grow to be young adults. What was once a comfortable lovable companion in bed will result in many happy playtime memories and become a most appreciated possession that may actually be passed to their own children later on.
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Brown Extra large teddy bear features:
White extra large teddy bear features:
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OCD FY2005: Improving Problem Detection
CDRH is taking steps to increase its ability to identify, analyze, and act on postmarket information to improve the safety and effectiveness of medical devices and radiation-emitting products. In FY 2005 the Center overtook a comprehensive inventory of its postmarket safety programs, made changes to the condition of approval program and in collaboration with the industry and professional association worked to improve adverse event detection and management.
Improving Postmarket Surveillance
Medical Device Postmarket Transformation Initiative
In FY 2005 CDRH overtook a comprehensive inventory of its postmarket safety programs, including recalls, MDR and MedSun. In each of these areas, the Center looked at its successes and challenges in implementing an effective program. The postmarket safety program inventory considered how the Center identifies postmarket problems, assesses the information obtained, and responds to that information through both stakeholder communication and enforcement action. The Center's plan to strengthen its postmarket program focuses on: developing a "culture of collaboration" for postmarket safety within the Center; developing world-class data sources and systems to quickly and accurately collect, analyze, and disseminate information about potential risks; enhancing risk communication efforts; and improving coordination with the FDA field staff. A senior-level team, comprised of CDRH management and outside consultants experienced in medical device safety and product regulation will help guide the Center in this effort.
Improving Coordination of Post-Approval Studies
The post-approval studies program involves the review, design and tracking of clinical studies that are required of manufacturers as a condition of approval of a PMA. In January 2005 CDRH transferred the coordination of the Post-Approval Studies program to the Office of Device Evaluation to the Office of Surveillance and Biometrics. CDRH worked with sponsors design post-approval studies that answer important postmarket questions and are realistic and founded on good science, developed a guidance document for use by sponsors that specifies reporting requirements, and implemented a tracking system to ensure that studies are timely and accurate and provide useful results that are implemented into revised product labeling.
Developing a Medical Device Electronic Adverse Event Reporting System
CDRH is developing an electronic adverse event reporting system that will facilitate processing the reports and reduce operating costs. In FY 2005 CDRH received, processed, analyzed and responded to about 180,000 medical device adverse events reported through CDRH's Medical Device Reporting (MDR) system. This system uncovered many public health issues and problems ranging from orthodontic headgear, hemodialysis systems and hospital beds, to cochlear implants, deep brain stimulators, and diagnostic tests for heart attacks and pregnancy.
Using Targeted Surveillance: The MedSun Network
MedSun is CDRH's response to a section of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act (FDAMA), which required FDA to move from a mandatory program to surveillance reporting by a subset of clinical facilities. The program's principal objective is to increase both the quantity and quality of user facility reporting by recruiting a cadre of well-trained and motivated facilities, and to establish a collaborative effort to better understand medical device use in the clinical environment. By mid-2005 MedSun expanded to approximately 350 health care institutions (mostly hospitals) nationwide.
In addition to enhancing the detection of emerging device problems, the MedSun network acts as a two-way communication channel between the CDRH and the clinical community and serves as a setting for applied clinical research on device issues. To succeed, the effort must train participants in the recognition and reporting of adverse events, assure reporting confidentiality, minimize the burdens of participation, and provide timely feedback on safety information.
FY 2005 efforts within the network, included:
- MedSun's Annual Conference
- a survey on "single-use device" reprocessing
- development of educational materials
- implementation of the Device Safety Exchange Program (highlighting best safety practices and safety solutions)
- monthly newsletters (highlighting device reports, CDRH actions, and other notable safety initiatives by other agencies)
- clinical engineering audio-conferences
- launching a pilot program for CBER.
MedSun's FY 05 Annual Conference attendees participated in a workshop on infusion pump safety, and received training on problem recognition with laboratory devices and with pediatric devices. A survey evaluation of the current status of "single-use device" reprocessing in the MedSun clinical community was completed. Of the 53 sites participating in this survey, none were aware of any increase in tracked infections in their facility or any deaths or serious injuries associated with the use of reprocessed devices. CDRH developed and made available to MedSun sites educational materials addressing problem recognition and reporting for laboratory devices and devices used on the pediatric population. The Center implemented the Device Safety Exchange (DS-X) Program for online sharing of questions and device quality improvement ideas by MedSun reporting sites. The DS-X web site allows participants to submit questions and ideas directly to MedSun staff who review, edit and post them for view by all MedSun sites. Topics addressed this year included, policies and risks associated with cell phones in the hospital environment and cybersecurity.
CDRH also launched a pilot program for CBER. The program will enable CBER to acquire information from MedSun sites on issues involving human cells and tissues. Engineering audio conferences on this development were provided to all MedSun sites.
Detection of Adverse Medical Device Events With Electronic Discharge Records
CDRH began several collaborations with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, which administers several data sets of interest, including the Healthcare Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) of hospital discharge claims and the State Inpatient Databases (SID) of hospital discharge claims. An interagency group used the NIS and SID to study short term health problems among those who had three types of hip prosthesis surgery: total hip replacement, partial hip replacement, and revision of an existing hip prosthesis. Although similar studies have been done with smaller patient groups, this is the first to use a national dataset to make national estimates of the short term outcomes of hip prosthesis surgery. A different team used the NIS data to estimate national numbers of discharges for specific diagnoses of device-related problems. This latter study is the first systematic description of the national burden of adverse medical device events using hospital discharge records. A third project, still in progress, is examining and comparing the data available in NIS and in the CDRH adverse event reports for automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillators.
Active Device Surveillance
CDRH continued the contract with the University of Utah for Phase 2 of a pilot on active surveillance of medical device problems in hospitals. The new direct observation portion of the project is meant to establish a "gold standard" estimate of the number of device-related adverse events occurring in a hospital setting. The methodology is to note problems with device use as comprehensively as possible by directly observing patient care and actively soliciting information on adverse device events from as many sources as feasible. This project builds on the pilot of active surveillance of medical device problems in hospitals.
Data Mining
CDRH is contracting with Lincoln Technologies in using their web-based safety data mining environment called WebVDME to mine device adverse event data. This software has been used at CDER to study age/gender effects, to predict the safety profiles of proposed combination drugs, and to separate contributions of individual drugs to safety problems in poly-therapy situations. This tool may be a way to optimize evaluation resources and enhance CDRH's ability to identify device-related safety concerns. The use of enhanced data mining techniques may improve upon CDRH's current ability to identify adverse event patterns in post-market safety databases.
Minimizing User-Related Hazards
Human Factors and Labeling
Human factors (HF) is the study of how people use technology. It involves the interaction of human abilities, expectations, and limitations, with work environments, and system design. The term "human factors engineering" (HFE) refers to the application of human factors principles to the design of devices and systems. It is often interchanged with the terms "human engineering," "usability engineering," or "ergonomics." The goal of HFE is to design devices that users accept willingly and operate safely in realistic conditions. In medical applications, HFE helps improve human performance and reduce the risks associated with use error.
CDRH's human factors and labeling efforts help minimize use-related hazards, assure that intended users are able to use medical devices safely and effectively, and facilitate reviews of new device submissions. During FY 2005 the Center's human factors and labeling activities included -- performing 84 labeling and 10 human factors reviews, working to apply eLabeling principles to 4 prototypes, and evaluating CDRH's process for incorporating human factors principles into premarket review.
International Programs
Global Harmonization
This fiscal year, CDRH worked with foreign governments to facilitate international harmonization, specifically under the United States/European Community Mutual Recognition Agreement on transatlantic trade and the Global Harmonization Task Force (GHTF).1
The Medical Device Annex of the MRA covers the exchange of quality systems evaluation reports for all medical devices and premarket evaluation reports for selected low to medium risk devices. The Sixth Annual Report of the Medical Devices Annex to the U.S./EC Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA), a joint report by the FDA, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Commission for the European Communities (CEC) was issued December 2004. The report addressed the implementation of the Medical Devices Annex and contained accomplishments from December 1, 2003 to December 1, 2004.
In September 2005 FDA hosted a GHTF Joint Study Group Meeting. A Joint Study Group Meeting was held to facilitate cross-consultation and joint consideration of issues by the study groups and provide a forum to update the members on the activities of all of the study groups.
1 GHTF is an international voluntary group of representatives from national medical device regulatory authorities and the regulated industry. The United States is one of the five founding members of GHTF. Members are from the following three geographical areas: Asia, Europe, and North America. The purpose of the GHTF is to encourage convergence in regulatory practices related to ensuring the safety, effectiveness, performance and quality of medical devices; and promoting technological innovation and facilitating international trade. The primary way in which this is accomplished is via the publication and dissemination of harmonized guidance documents on basic regulatory practices. Study groups are responsible for the drafting of the harmonized guidance documents.


text: Comments by Bridget A. Otto, The Oregonian - OregonLive.com tag:profile.oregonlive.com,2015:botto/1059 2012-05-08T16:56:07Z Movable Type Enterprise 4.29-advance Comment on Remodeling a basement into a mini-apartment (with tips on how to avoid the ER) tag:www.oregonlive.com,2015:/hg/index.ssf//3615.20482931 2012-05-08T16:56:07Z 2012-05-08T16:56:07Z Hi there: This is the Bridget Otto, the reporter on this story. The owners did indeed obtain all the required permits for this project, and there is also proper egress from the basement. botto http://www.oregonlive.com/hg Comment on A Sauvie Island home full of stylish personality looks anything but modular tag:www.oregonlive.com,2015:/hg/index.ssf//3615.18371716 2011-12-12T18:43:48Z 2011-12-12T18:43:48Z Lloydwoody: Your previous comment was not removed; you commented on the secondary story, "The connection with Stillwater and the process." botto http://www.oregonlive.com/hg Comment on Curated Portland Bazaar set for holiday season tag:www.oregonlive.com,2015:/hg/index.ssf//3615.17999456 2011-11-17T18:09:49Z 2011-11-17T18:09:49Z The bazaar is Dec. 10-11. Click on the link to The Portland Bazaar for more information. botto http://www.oregonlive.com/hg Comment on Put down that shovel and Call Before You Dig! tag:www.oregonlive.com,2015:/hg/index.ssf//3615.15277830 2011-05-04T21:26:39Z 2011-05-04T21:26:39Z A check with folks her at NW Natural confirms that 8-1-1 is indeed a free service to anyone needing pipes located before digging. So, please, call before you dig. nwnatural.com/Business/Safety/811CallBeforeYouDig. botto http://www.oregonlive.com/hg Comment on Interior designer Noelle Penn likes to look on the bright side tag:www.oregonlive.com,2015:/hg/index.ssf//3615.15167891 2011-04-25T21:45:09Z 2011-04-25T21:45:09Z Laura: Noelle says she had that color custom made from a piece of fabric, which you can do at nearly any paint store. They can custom match just about anything. On the advice of her painter, she uses either Benjamin botto http://www.oregonlive.com/hg Comment on Four by four: Reviving a 1911 Portland Craftsman takes collaboration tag:www.oregonlive.com,2015:/hg/index.ssf//3615.14401173 2011-02-25T18:16:30Z 2011-02-25T18:16:30Z This is indeed my mistake. In talking with Ben Waechter, the architect on the project, he used the term foursquare as the premise of the plan to restore the spatial orientation of the house. I got "stuck" on the term botto http://www.oregonlive.com/hg Comment on 'Design Star': Oregon-born Emily Henderson wins, gets her own show on HGTV tag:www.oregonlive.com,2015:/movies//2835.11940288 2010-08-24T17:29:50Z 2010-08-24T17:29:50Z Lakeridge High School botto http://www.oregonlive.com/hg Comment on Taking a giant step: Sometimes, moving the staircase is the right solution tag:www.oregonlive.com,2015:/hg/index.ssf//3615.9928683 2010-03-18T00:16:36Z 2010-03-18T00:16:36Z I'm not sure what you are referring to. There is a link to Emerick Architects, who did the work in the pictures, as well as the other firms I spoke with for the article. botto http://www.oregonlive.com/hg Comment on Taking a giant step: Sometimes, moving the staircase is the right solution tag:www.oregonlive.com,2015:/hg/index.ssf//3615.9927816 2010-03-17T22:58:50Z 2010-03-17T22:58:50Z The original doors in the living room were both changed: one was dry-walled over; the other moved down the wall to the left. Then the staircase was established and a new door added to access under the stairs -- to botto http://www.oregonlive.com/hg


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quote: Shea Dixon @Sheadixon: 4-star WR Jazz Ferguson has committed to #LSU. He's the No. 185 overall prospect on the @247Composite http://ow.ly/tN3RS
quote: Jimmy D Smith @JimmyDetail: LSU continues to roll with two big commitments in WR Jazz Ferguson RB David Ducre
LSU Football
LSU Football Recruiting
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Why I cannot buy the book
02 Feb 2010, 23:01
Mohamed (2 posts)
Hello everyone,
I'm just wondering why I cannot buy the eBook version of Augmented Reality A practical guide. I'm trying to purchase the book through PayPal, but every time PayPal gives me a message that the transaction couldn't be made!!!
I really need that book and can't wait to get the printed version, any help would be really appreciated.. Thanks in advance.
02 Feb 2010, 23:13
Mohamed (2 posts)
Sorry for bothering, Just payed directly on the server, I hope that it is secured as they said =S
|You must be logged in to comment


text:
DxO Optics Pro v7.1.23987.101 Elite Multilingual | 232.6 MB
DxO Labs has introduced Optics Pro, the latest dispensation of its image quality enhancement software by a new demosaicing system to more fit deal with RAW data. The recent algorithm uses information from a much wider area when reconstructing image detachment, helping to minimize artefacts which contribute to the 'digital look'. This latest acquit also applies noise reduction during the demosaicing management thus avoiding unnecessary amplification of blare artefacts. DxO Optics Pro adds keep up for the Canon 5D Mark II and the Canon G10, lengthwise with 32 new DxO Optics alteration modules. In addition, this new rendition includes various improvements, including installation of the plug-in version for Adobe Photoshop. DxO Optics Pro and upgrades are useful immediately for Mac and Windows platforms.


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1-year limited warranty
Average Customer Review5.0 (1 review)
Create an online reviewand share your thoughts with other customers
Things I liked:Great looking and very solid. Pop up port is a nice feature. Very accurate for open sights. The lever operates easily and there's virtually no noise.
Things I would have changed:Not much to change, it's already a great gun.
What others should know:I recently got one of the .22 cal rifles that seem to have disappeared from the line-up. The workmanship on that particular rifle was poor. A crooked tip caused the pellets to either splatter out of the barrel, or deflect. The .177 I own is a great, straight shooting gun. A good gun is a good gun.
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These two iOS apps practically manage your time for you
Admit it — you are terrible at time management. Even though you make calendar appointments, stuff falls by the wayside. If you've ever ran into the "uh oh" situation where you wanted to get things done, but totally forgot, we've got a few apps that might help you out. From daily routine to vacation sightseeing, these two can manage your time for you.


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In his six years at the helm, the former international full-back led the Young Lions to four successive European Championship finals.
Pearce's side finished runners-up to Germany in the 2009 edition but things have regressed since and they left this summer's tournament in Israel without a point to their name.
That, coupled with England's group exit two years ago, led to the FA's confirmation today that Pearce will leave when his contract expires at the end of the month.
"I'd like to thank Stuart Pearce for his hard work," chairman David Bernstein said.
"Nobody can doubt his commitment to the job throughout his time as under-21 coach.
"He has done extremely well in qualifying for finals tournaments, but after the disappointment of the past two tournaments, we believe it is time to change coach.
"On behalf of everyone at the FA I'd like to wish Stuart well for the future."
Glenn Hoddle, Michael Appleton and Phil Neville have all been linked to the post, although Gareth Southgate is overwhelming favourite.
The former Middlesbrough boss worked as the FA's head of elite development until last year and on Tuesday evening was 8/11 with bookmakers Sky Bet to succeed Pearce.
With the future in mind, Bernstein added: "It is important the organisation now considers the best approach for the role of under-21 coach and how this works best within the overall England structure before making any new appointment."
The Club England board's decision comes as no major surprise, but will undoubtedly disappoint some of the players.
Danny Rose admitted they let down Pearce in Israel, while captain Jordan Henderson expressed his desire for the former full-back to be kept on.
Andre Wisdom, Connor Wickham and Jack Butland - all eligible for 2015 edition - also backed Pearce, with the latter particularly vocal.
Meanwhile, former senior team manager Steve McClaren wants the FA to follow the likes of Italy and Holland by appointing an experienced head of youth development.
"It is a great period now to reflect," he told Sky Sports. "When you talk about adversity, failure, losing in a big tournament, like the other countries, it is time to reflect.
"It is time to say at the elite end, what is our vision? Where do we want to be in five or 10 years? Competing to win trophies.
"What is our philosophy? How do we do it? So look at the four components - physically, technically, tactically, mentally - and ask what are we lacking?
"Then we need to say 'we need to work on technique, work tactically and on intelligence', but the key thing is players don't develop that without good coaching.
"It is talking about taking coaching all the way back to that level and I know they are working on that at the FA at the present moment with Dan Ashworth, technical director at St George's Park.
"They are doing that at grassroots level but this elite level they need somebody at the top with experience.
"We talked about Arrigo Sacchi with Italy and Louis van Gaal doing that philosophy with Holland - experienced coaches setting the vision, starting the philosophy. It starts at the top and works down.
"Starting at the bottom with the coaches, working up, you'll eventually have a conveyor belt, like the Spanish, of players who can do all four components of the game."
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Some information is missing or invalid below.
Trend Lab Dr. Seuss The Cat in the Hat 3-pc. Storage Bin Set
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Doug is the owner operator of Wild Rockies Landscaping. He has a deep Rolling Thunder heritage. He has groomed our courses, mowed fields, moved dirt, and held back the south hills. In 2007 Doug took part in an epic battle with Clint "the lung" Muhlfeld. He finished second. Doug is super pumped about a new edition to this year's race. He wrote a little piece.
Fall is here folks, there is a crisp nip in the air, and cx'ers are getting the crazy eye. This years Rolling Thunder looks to be more wild, crazy and grass roots than ever before. Here at Rolling Thunder Inc we have a special addition for Thunder 2009. It just so happens a world wide tribute to Michal Jhttp://www.manada.biz/dance.
A Thrilling Thunder
A Thrilling Thunder
Doug Dale
Promoters Note: Right as the ladies race ends Chez-Ice Shryock will lead us in the Thriller Dance.


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Wed April 16, 2014
Labor, environmental groups talk clean energy in Peoria
By Alex Rusciano
"Yes we are decentralizing our energy production. But there's still are a lot of jobs in that. And what we have to do is figure out ways to make the solar panels and wind turbines in Illinois. We know they have to be installed here because they either go on your roof or your farm. And those need to continue to be jobs that support electricians, and carpenters and cement finishers and all that," Koehler says.
The groups also want to see the state spend more money from its Renewable Energy Resources Fund. Officials say that can free up money for residents and businesses looking to install solar panels and other clean energy alternatives.


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Posted 15 February 2011 - 09:49 PM
I think most of this stuff has been seen. But the Statue Captain Jack is new for me.
Posted 16 February 2011 - 03:56 AM
Posted 16 February 2011 - 04:25 AM
CallMePie, on 15 February 2011 - 09:57 PM, said:
Solscud007, on 15 February 2011 - 10:00 PM, said:
"So take a shower a shower and shine your shoes, you got no time to lose, your a young man you must be living. " Best song ever, The General By dispatch--Check it out now!
Most recent MOC: BARC Speeder: http://www.eurobrick...showtopic=77126
Be sure to check out my most recent MOCs,Naboo Starfighter, UCS Swamp Speeder, and the UCS BARC speeder.
I have obsessive compulsive BARC disorder...
KOTBR: http://the-lsw-empir...otion.com/forum
Posted 16 February 2011 - 04:28 AM
I will however take some of the gold from Brickbeard's bounty and pinm it up to look A little mroe like the movie one.
Minifig galleries: The Force Awakens, The hobbit, The lord of the rings
Posted 16 February 2011 - 05:08 AM
New Member? Read This | Questions? Need Help? Ask Here
Site Guidelines | Eurobricks FAQ | Visual User Guide | Tutorials
Posted 16 February 2011 - 07:53 AM
Edited by Dreamweb, 16 February 2011 - 07:54 AM.
Posted 16 February 2011 - 10:49 PM
My flickr
1969 Dodge Charger RT
Posted 16 February 2011 - 11:00 PM
Posted 17 February 2011 - 01:46 PM
Link: 4195 Queen Anne's Revenge
Posted 17 February 2011 - 05:39 PM
Posted 17 February 2011 - 08:55 PM
Hurry up May so I can get rum bottles!!!
Now Playing Died as the scummy Danielle Barrie in: Escape From Isla Paradisa!
"Beware the great sea monster!!!!"My Brickshelf Gallery MOC page ToR Holiday Special!(complete now)
Posted 21 February 2011 - 02:56 AM
Posted 27 February 2011 - 07:48 PM
JeKyll, on 17 February 2011 - 01:46 PM, said:
Link: 4195 Queen Anne's Revenge
Thanks for the link! These are the most detailed QAR pics I have seen yet, as the main Caribbean thread is getting too long to browse easily.
Actually, I am pleasantly surprised at how easily the skulls/bones/white accent pieces can be removed without compromising the underlying design. With a $5 Bricklink order for new flags and some pearl gold elements, this vessel can become a very attractive Spanish
EDIT: Just ordered the parts now. The total was under $5 for 20 pearl gold cones, 10 pearl gold 1x1 round plates, 12 black 1x4 arch bricks, and 8 1x6 black tiles. The skeleton figurehead may be difficult to replace, however.
Edited by voltio, 27 February 2011 - 09:57 PM.
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