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Editorial: Announcement gives glimmer of hope for 'cracker' plant in state
West Virginia lost out last year in its quest to have energy company Shell build a natural-gas "cracker" plant in the Mountain State. The scrambling by Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin and the legislature to persuade the company to build ended in disappointment, but perhaps one official was correct when he described that pursuit as a "warm-up" for efforts to come.
The state now has a petrochemical company acknowledging publicly that it is exploring building a cracker plant in the state and has even purchased an option to buy land where it could be located. That's further along the road to landing a plant than last time, when Pennsylvania eventually was chosen for the Shell pla nt.
Tomblin and officials with the Brazilian company Odebrecht announced together on Thursday in Parkersburg that the company was pursuing the possibility of building a cracker plant in Wood County. Such a plant takes natural gas and breaks it into smaller molecules to create ethylene, which is used in making plastics. The project envisioned by Odebrecht officials would not only include a cracker plant but also three polyethylene plants for the manufacture of plastic produc ts .
Although details were scant as far as a timetable and the level of employment, such a complex no doubt would represent thousands of jobs. Tomblin described the announcement as a "defining moment in the economic development of our state." Let's hope he's correct.
Ever since the advent of horizontal drilling, or fracking, in the past several years, interest and activity in extracting natural gas from the Marcellus Shale formation has grown. The state has tried to take advantage of its location in the Marcellus region to benefit economically with more investment and jobs. The Odebrecht project — to be known as Appalachian Shale Cracker Enterprise, or Ascent — could indeed be the first major prize from that industry for West Virginia.
Odebrecht and state officials note that there is plenty to be done yet before construction of the petrochemical complex begins. Odebrecht has its own steps to follow before deciding the project is a go, then it will have to obtain a variety of permits, which will include an assessment of environmental factors and impacts.
Then, of course, there is the matter of state incentives, which officials acknowledged will play a part in any final decisions. The discussions haven't gotten that far yet, they said, although a law passed last year provides a basis for incentives for a cracker plant. That measure would slash property tax rates for 25 years in exchange of at least $2 billion worth of investment toward a cracker facility.
West Virginia Department of Commerce Secretary Keith Burdette said he is optimistic Ascent will become reality, and the payoffs for the state would be tremendous. One huge benefit, he said, would be to create the beginning of a network to take advantage of regional natural gas developments. "The more that we create, we create an energy, a cluster that makes building the network of support around it so much easier and so much more justifiable," he said.
That's a lofty hope, but the groundwork laid between the state and Odebrecht officials could be the first step in getting there.
The Herald-Dispatch welcomes your comments on this article, but please be civil. Avoid profanity, obscenity, personal attacks, accusations of criminal activity, name-calling or insults to the other posters. Herald-dispatch.com does not control or monitor comments as they are posted, but if you find a comment offensive or uncivil, hover your mouse over the comment and click the X that appears in the upper right of the comment. If you do not want your comment to post to your personal Facebook page, uncheck the box below the comment.


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Dea- day trades are always so zany, especially in a league few people ever keep track of them occurring.
I mean, how many people really knew the D-League did these type of things?
The Erie BayHawks not only drafted Donell Taylor with the second overall pick in Thursday's D-League Draft, but they pulled off a trade in which they got Georgia Tech big man Alade Aminu for a player off their allocation list, forward Rob Kurz of Notre Dame.
Fort Wayne essentially drafted Aminu for Erie so they could trade him to the BayHawks for Kurz, who was in the Cleveland Cavaliers' preseason camp. The Cavaliers waived him last month.
Now Kurz was not on the allocation list the BayHawks released when they released their list of players invited to training camp earlier this week. Only guard Cedric Jackson of Cleveland State was on the list.
The whole things is rather peculiar to say the least, the BayHawks did pull off the deal. With Aminu, the Cavaliers have a rebounder and shot blocker and Taylor does offer stability and experience as he played two seasons for the Washington Wizards.

subset: commoncrawl


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In the Arkansas Tech Department of Agriculture, we believe very strongly in the motto "learning by doing." As part of our efforts to ensure that you have a thorough academic experience, we feel that it is critical that you learn to apply the skills you gather through your course work.
The Department of Agriculture is proud to offer its 300-acre educational and demonstration laboratories for your use. "The Farm," located just minutes from the agriculture building, serves as an excellent extension of the classroom that will allow you to become fully engaged in each of your courses.
The hands-on work that you will perform using the university farm facilities will complement your classroom work in a way that brings the lessons to life.
Our educational and demonstration laboratories include:


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Privacy and Cookies
One unnamed US air carrier experienced five in-flight emergencies and diversions to the nearest airport over the course of one day in April, reports the US FAA in a new safety bulletin that focuses on smoke and fumes on aircraft.
The information for operators (Info), released on 6 October by the FAA's Flight Standards Service, reveals that the agency continues to receive reports about smoke or fumes in the cabin or cockpit on a daily basis, totalling more than 900 reports per year.
One carrier, not named by the FAA, experienced five cockpit smoke events in a single day, all requiring crews to declare emergencies and divert to the nearest airport.
"In many cases the failed system, circuit, component, part, or appliance, etc may overheat and smoke will find its way in to either the cockpit or cabin via the environmental system," says the FAA in the note. "The air carriers and operators that have experienced these problems are required to submit a report to the FAA for smoke/fumes in the aircraft."
The FAA is recommending that carriers, after each smoke incident, "ensure" that the company follows policies, procedures and instructions in accordance with its manuals, including "special emphasis" and separate tracking of each incident during continuing analysis and surveillance system (CASS) meetings.
"Unfortunately, with all the safeguards built into modern aircraft and the operational requirements placed on the air carriers to maintain the aircraft in accordance with the instructions for continued airworthiness (ICA), and the operator's continuous airworthiness maintenance programs (CAMP), smoke/fumes in cabin/cockpits is still a serious problem," says the FAA.
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Flightglobal dashboard | ACAS | MiliCAS | Ascend Fleets | Flightglobal Insight | ICAO | CapStats | Airport charges | Ascend Values | Aviation Exchange | Aircraft Ratings | Helicopter Fleets | Market Commentaries | FlightMaps Analytics | Industry resources
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Designed by Frank Kerdil for PO, the Measuring Lid is a great looking storage solution for your grains with a built in measuring cup that seconds as an airtight lid. Made from the best quality glass—for strength and transparency—the jars included in this set come in three different sizes. A simple, multi-functional design, the accompanying bowl-like lids are marked with measuring units and surrounded by a silicon ring that will help keep your dry goods fresh.
Set includes three differently sized jars with corresponding plastic lids. Jar measurements: small H 6.7" D 4.4", medium H 8.25" D 4.4", large H 10.6" D 4.4".
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B5 & Accutane - My Theory - Inhibit Biotin = Less Acne
Posted 27 September 2006 - 03:56 PM
Posted 27 September 2006 - 04:24 PM
Posted 28 September 2006 - 02:52 PM
1) wash with paula's choice normal to oily cleanser
2) Napca mist from twinlab or the one from nuskin and spray many times to get a good layer of moisture.
3)Avalon organics revitalizing eye gel
4)Cory Minerals (I've found that the secret to cory is to use ur brush to really swirl it around to grind the powder down even finer than it is and then to tap off the excess and start off with thin layers and build.) i also will take a concealer brush and dab it on certain areas that i need to cover up more thickly and then use a bronzer with a big bronzer brush to blend. ( i use estee lauder bronze goddess). i use bronzer all over and this seems to even out everything.
5)Aquaphor for lips.
1)Same PC N/O
2b)some nights I mask with aspirin mixed with milk of magnesia and nuetrogena clear pore cleanser mask in nose and chin area - to make mask i use a small spray bottle with distilled water that i always keep in my bathroom and i take about 8 aspirin in the palm of my hand and spray and mush with my fingers until it is a thick paste. i then add a drop of MOM and put a small amount of neut. clear pore cleanser mask. don't use mask every night.
3)Aubrey organics Vegecol toner
4)Spot treat w/ prosacea gel
5)same on eyes and lips as AM
Posted 30 September 2006 - 01:31 AM
i just wanted to throw a little wrench in ur theory. isn't it possible that taking the biotin threw off another bvitamin that is needed?
One of the things I tried during B5 megadosing was taking a B complex multivitamin. This in itself would give me the required dosage of all the other B vitamins so I don't think that's possible that Biotin caused me to be deficient in a different B vitamin. I found that taking a B complex, despite also megadosing B5 as well caused my oily skin and therefore acne to gradually return which is why I tried taking the vitamins within a B complex seperately and through trial and error found it was only Biotin that caused my oily skin and acne to come back.
I apologise to people who've seen this thread before, but I'm 100% convinced that the way B5 and Accutane both work is they reduce the effects of Biotin which shrinks the sebaceous glands and reduces sebum production. I'm kind of hoping someone with a bit more of a scientific background will read this and take my theory on board and provide a better insight into it, or possibly be in a position to do some research!
Think about it, the quantity of B5 required for reducing oily skin is way more than the body is capable of using so the majority of the stuff ends up excreted in the urine or through sweat, so why do you need to take that much? It's because by taking that much, spaced out evenly over the day, you are ensuring that there is enough B5 in the digestive system to prevent the absorption of Biotin into the blood stream, and when there's no or little Biotin the sebaceous glands shrink and stop producing oil.
Posted 08 October 2006 - 04:08 AM
Posted 19 October 2006 - 05:58 PM
Well, as a result of an e-mail I sent to them, Roche have contacted me and are interested in what I've got to say as they've left me an answerphone message asking me to call them back. I'll be calling them on Monday and letting them know more about my theory so they'll either dismiss it, have already looked into it, or will be interested and investigate it further!
Did you hear anything yet? This is very interesting!
Posted 25 June 2007 - 10:17 AM
Posted 16 March 2008 - 04:51 PM
I read your earlier post on a different forum from 2005:
"I'm going to order all the B vitamins individually in small doses and add them one at a time to try and identify which ones seem to trigger my acne and which ones help with hairloss."
You wrote the first vitamin you tried was Biotin:
"I've started by ordering Biotin in 1000mcg capsule form as that seems to be the most recommended one to take so I'm waiting for that to arrive...
...Well the Biotin arrived and I've been taking 5000mcg a day for the past few days along with the megadose of B5. The first day I didn't notice any changes, but I woke up the following day with oily skin. I persevered and the oily skin continued and I started to get spots again."
Does this mean you only tested the Biotin individually? Did you ever get around to testing any of the other B-vitamins individually to see if they triggered a breakout?
Posted 03 November 2008 - 09:46 AM
I've been taking about 2grams of B5 a day for about 6 years now. It pretty much keeps my skin clear.
Every now and then, I get dermatitis on my hands. Rashes appear on my palms, skin is dry on hands. Usually I stop b5 for a week or so, and these symptoms go away.
I attributed this to the defficiency of other B vitamins, and so I've been taking a multivitamin while not taking b5. I noticed that my acne breaks out when I take multivit. so I started researchin again and that brought me to this thread. My condition could be caused by biotin defficiency.
Now I stopped multivit and got back on b5 and my dermatitis reappeared on my palms.
Anyone has an idea, how to deal with this? If I take b5, I got dermatitis on palms, if I take multivit, I got acne back.
Additionally, anyone has an experience with dermatitis on palms of their hands? Is it caused by biotin deficiency or should I try taking some of the other b-vits (b1, b6) individually?
Posted 03 November 2008 - 12:29 PM
like B2 and B6..they have to the same amount
i found this one to be well balanced
it's basically a B complex with another name...look at the ingredient list n it's the same as B complex or even better
Posted 03 November 2008 - 12:56 PM
The idea that anyone can draw conclusions about the biochemical function of biotin and accutane from doing a GOOGLE SEARCH is simply absurd.
What is known about isotretinoin indicates that its efficacy is related to DNA transcription. I suspect that any relationship between B5 and acne levels have to do with the role of B5 in gluconeogenesis, a biochemical pathway that is related to bacterial growth on the skin.
But people, please...if you don't know what you're talking about, don't attempt to get a science degree by massively overdosing on things like B5. Ten grams a day is just extreme and it's way outside the normal homeostatic value. I don't recommend that ANYONE read anything into these conclusions that some random person made from reading google groups.
Posted 31 December 2008 - 04:17 PM
Posted 31 December 2008 - 06:39 PM
Personally, i'm not going to be going overboard on the biotin, but I have a little (probably around 200 mcg's) daily between the clear 5 and stress b-complex.
BUT, I don't think (personally) that Biotin is what causes any problems. I think that the solution is simply splitting up the biotin or b-complex from the b5 intake (aka don't take them at the same time..more like 1-3 hours apart). The reason for this is that b-5 and the b-complex (and all of the b vitamins like biotin) are both absorbed by the same receptors. When you take both at the same time, those receptors will fight over what vitamins to absorb, therefore reducing the effect of some (and in some peoples cases the b5).
I would just reccomend to split up when you take the b5 and when you take the bcomplex (i've read at least 1 hour apart on one website..though i'd probably go with more to be safe), and this should help you to get the full benefit of both vitamins.
Another way to go would be to take one of the pills (b5 or the bcomplex) in normal form and the other in time released form. Time released pills get absorbed mainly in the small instestine, while normal pills get mainly get absorbed in the stomach. Doing this apparently makes it better because the receptors absorb the vitamin in different places rather then in only one place, so the receptors don't have to battle over what vitamins to absorb.
Posted 01 January 2009 - 11:30 AM
This study for example says that Biotin increases the effects (along with nicotinic acid) of B5. They got results when giving their subjects 15 MG's of Biotin. The amount we are talking about in this thread is probably around 1-5 MG's a day or less. So there are very conflicting things, just try it out and see what happens.
Posted 01 January 2009 - 11:38 AM
Posted 05 August 2009 - 03:55 PM
I took accutante when I was about 17yrs old â 2 courses. After the second course, my acne was pretty much gone but I had some side effects that have stayed with me to this day â I'm now 25.
This post is not about me bashing accutane, not everyone gets side effects and some people would still take it to clear up the acne regardless. I'm just trying to research how I can possibly reverse some of the more negative side effects I've experienced.
Effects that I'm trying couteract are thinning hair, depression, bowel problems and dry eyes - specificially meibomian gland disorder (glands shrink/stop producing oil that coats eyes) causing my eyes to be red and irritated very easily. My hormone and thyroid levels have also been affected.
I've taken b complex but never biotin. So according to your posts it can stimulate/inrease sebum gland production, which is not great for ance but may be good for my dry eyes..
Craigy, when you took it did it actually help your hair grow?
Posted 22 February 2010 - 10:35 AM
Throughout the years, I have inconsistently taken Biotin and Super B-Complex.
From my experience, I feel like taking Biotin 5000mcg alone cleared up my acne. I tried 1000mcg and it's not enough. 5000mcg does the trick. Now when I added Super B-Complex or if I took Super B-Complex alone, my acne would come back.
I initially wanted to try Biotin for hair growth and thickness, and then discovered it cleared up my acne. Whenever I stopped taking Biotin, my acne would come back.
And one more thing...drinking more water and avoiding dairy products prevents acne too. I noticed whenever I don't drink enough water or whenever I eat cheese or any type of dairy product, it causes a pimple to pop up on my face.
Posted 22 February 2010 - 05:10 PM
Pity he hasnt posted again to confirm or deny whether Roche was interested in his grassroots research regarding the suppression of biotin.
I've had persistance acne since I was 13, im 41 now (currently on the last resort - Accutane)
I found Craigys research both interesting and frustrating mainly because my favourite foods and large portion of my daily diet consists of all the foods that contain high levels of Biotin which 'might' explain my persistent acne *shrugs*
Not sure whether to laugh or cry, even if I was willing or HAD to... how does a non wheat, non diary, non meat eater to exist without any the foods below?
Spinach, tomatoes, romaine lettuce, carrots, almonds, chicken eggs, onions, cabbage, cucumber, cauliflower, goat's milk, raspberries, strawberries, halibut, oats, broccoli, sweet potatoes , brown rice, mushrooms, nuts, soybeans, sunflower seeds.......
Roccutane started 11.02.10
Weeks 1,3 - 20 mgs per day
Week 4 - 40 mgs per day
Month 2 - 60 mgs per day
Month 3 - 60 mgs per day
Month 4 - 40 mgs per day (acne free!!!)
Month 5 - 20 mgs per day (acne free!!!)
Month 6 - 10 mgs per day (acne free!!!)
Posted 24 February 2010 - 09:20 AM
But I also know everyone's body is different and may react differently to different foods and substances that are consumed. Like me for instance, I notice a blemish or pimple after eating food with cheese. Oddly enough, Biotin 5000mcg helps keep my acne away. I also know SEVERAL people who break out from Biotin. Using an exfoliating wash every time I wash my face is needed for me too. I can't do those regular acne washes that don't have any scrubbing beads or grains in it.
Posted 24 February 2010 - 09:46 AM
I'd never even imagined my diet had anything to do with my acne until I read Craigy's research (food has never bought me out in spots) but as his research is not authenticated i'll sit on the fence and await additional info.
My Acne arrived with the onset of my Periods and gets worse just before and just after that-time-of-the-month so for me also it's hormonal or if I dont wash my makeup off properly
Edited by Custard, 24 February 2010 - 09:46 AM.
Roccutane started 11.02.10
Weeks 1,3 - 20 mgs per day
Week 4 - 40 mgs per day
Month 2 - 60 mgs per day
Month 3 - 60 mgs per day
Month 4 - 40 mgs per day (acne free!!!)
Month 5 - 20 mgs per day (acne free!!!)
Month 6 - 10 mgs per day (acne free!!!)


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The Huron County Sheriff's Office is continuing its investigation of a man accused of having sexual activity with two 16-year-old girls.
Detective Kayla Zander said the suspect is a 29-year-old Huron County resident who became acquainted with the girls, who are friends, through Facebook. She declined to say when the man met the victims in person.
"He currently has not been arrested," Zander said Thursday.
The Reflector isn't naming the suspect because he hasn't been charged.
While Zander declined to be specific about the sex offense, she said the incident reportedly happened on Seminary Street in Norwalk.
The juveniles' parents reported the allegations to the sheriff's office Feb. 7. Zander said the complaint came in late during third shift and she began investigating the case the following morning.
"Since this (complaint) came out, the individual has two warrants for weapons under disability when a gun was found in his residence during a safety sweep," she said.
Deputy Eric Bardar found the weapon Saturday and logged it into evidence.
Suspects are charged with having weapons under disability if they are found in possession of firearms while they are on probation or parole.
"The gun was stolen out of Clyde. It was tied to a burglary in Clyde," Zander said.


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Serious Rye Bread
I tend to make fluffy rye breads that are destined for sandwiches, but sometimes I really want a dense, chewy rye. This isn't sandwich bread; it's more a bread you'd slice thin with appetizers or toss in a bread basket. It's not a lightweight bread; it's more serious than that. More


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Welcome to Grinnell College, Class of 2019!
Grinnell College is committed to supporting guests with disabilities throughout New Student and Family Orientations. Please call 641-269-3700 if you have a disability that requires accommodation for participation in an event.
New Student Orientation: August 21–26, 2015
We are currently working hard to plan New Student Orientation. Please check back for updates. If you have any questions at this time, please email New Student Orientation.
Students and their families can arrange their travel plans so that they can check in to their residence hall between 1– 5 p.m. on Friday, August 21, before orientation programming begins on Saturday morning at 10 a.m. Students can settle in to their rooms and visit several offices before the end of the business day on Friday. Alternately, a Saturday morning arrival is possible for those who are not able to travel on Friday. Students could check in from 8–10 a.m. on Saturday and visit most campus offices.
There will also be various family orientation sessions and events planned for the evening of Friday, August 21, and during the day on Saturday, August 22. Many families will depart campus after 4 p.m. on Saturday, August 22, when their students become occupied with student-only orientation programming. But, some families will choose to leave on Sunday, August 23, due to traveling a great distance.
For details, view the NSO Family Schedule.
If you plan to attend, please register for the Family Orientation Session.
The first tutorial class (first-years only) is scheduled for 1 p.m. on Sunday, August 23; the first full day of classes (all students) is Thursday, August 27.


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History of the Syrian Church of India
Please note that international orders may be subject to an additional shipping fee. We will contact you if an additional fee is required.
This book contains a detailed recount of the Syriac community in India. The author, Patriarch Ignatius Yacoub III, spent more than twelve years in India, which acquired him a great knowledge about its history and customs. He wrote in detail how India came to Christianity by Thomas the Apostle, and later by the Syriac Orthodox Church, from Edessa, Turkey. The Syriacs established monasteries, churches and schools that enriched the Indian Church abundantly. They also provided them with clergy and liturgical literature. There is a full explanation of how the Portugues colonials, Catholics, persecuted the Syriac Orthodox Church, and brought schisms to it. He likewise wrote about the effect of the Nestorians on the religious conflicts in India. It is sad to know how the Syriac Orthodox Church lost important legacies there, but at the same time, the Indian Maphryono always works in unison with the Patriarchate.
By Ignatious Yacoub III.
Translated by Matti Moosa.
Available in softcover.


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home books & albums leather journals tuscan wrap journals
Tuscan wrap journals
Small Tuscan wrap journals £15.00
Medium Tuscan wrap journals £20.00
Large Tuscan wrap journals £35.00
Tuscan Wrap Leather Journals
The Kiki James Tuscan wrap is an artistic take on the traditional leather journal. Offered in small, medium and large sizes this distinctive notebook is one of our most popular books. Handmade in the UK using the finest Italian bridle leather, this collection of handsome leather journals is available with either lined paper for writing or unlined paper for sketching and free-spirited thinking. Each Tuscan wrap journal can be individually personalised as well as professionally gift-wrapped.


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A letterman jacket is for classy sports fans
As men, we love showing support for our favorite sports team. It's fun to think that the harder we cheer, the better chance our team has of winning, even if we're in front of a television one thousand miles away. The only problem with being a crazy sports fan is that it's easy to subconsciously develop many low-class habits, like drinking when the sun's out. Enter the letterman jacket, which communicates to everyone that you're a crazy fan in a classy manner.
A letterman jacket has many of the features of a fancy jacket. It's mostly leather, it has buttons instead of a zipper, and, drumroll please, it actually has a collar. If you show up to an NFL game wearing a collar, security will believe you when you say that you're supposed to be sitting in your box seats even though you "lost your ticket."
More importantly, the typical gut reaction to a letterman jacket is that it just looks good. We don't have to think about it, we don't have to rationalize it. We all understand, maybe because we associate a letterman jacket with quarterbacks and so leaders, that it has that je ne sais quois that's so important when it comes to style.
Maybe a letterman jacket isn't the classiest piece of outerwear, but when you're hanging out with your typical die-hard sports fans, it will look like you're wearing a Maserati. Most fans just don't realize that wearing a sports jersey anywhere besides an actual sports arena shows that your admiration for grown men has reached emasculating levels. The rule of thumb with jerseys is that if you've reached puberty, you're too old to wear one.
A letterman jacket, on the other hand, can be worn throughout your life as long as it's not your actual letterman jacket from high school. Otherwise, people will think that you're trying to absolve depression by re-living the glory days.


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Jaco Vacation Package | Jaco Surfing Vacation
Welcome to Jaco Beach and best served and renowned party town in the Central Pacific! One of the most popular destinations in Costa Rica for locals, Ex-Pats and tourist from all around the world, you'll always find an activity to entertain yourself from early in the morning to late hours in the evening. Jaco Beach was the first developed tourist destination in the country due to the vicinity with San Jose and for its great surfing conditions throughout the year.
Two hours from the international airport and minutes away from several famous surf spots in the central Pacific coast, Jaco fulfills every traveler needs. It doesn't matter if you are looking for a relaxing vacation with your family or having a blast with your friends, at Jaco you'll have plenty of options to make the most out of your vacation in Costa Rica.
Surfing conditions are perfect for every level of expertise, on the 3km long beach you'll find spots where the local surf schools teach the basics and spots for more experienced surfers. Of course as in all our vacation packages you'll have the advantage of the 4×4 rental during your entire stay. If you already are an experienced surfer it would be a shame not to surf the amazing waves at Playa Hermosa, Escondida, Herradura and Esterillos, all only minutes away from Jaco and famous for being the practice spot of Surfing Champions before their International competitions.
Jaco Vacation Itinerary
- Day 1 to 8: As soon as you land in Costa Rica one of our representatives will be waiting for you at the airport exit. From there he'll escort you to the car rental office where you'll receive your pre paid 4×4, sign the rental contract and purchase additional services. In all our prices we include the mandatory rental insurance, additional insurance coverage, GPS, mobile phone rental, cooler, etc. can be purchased through the rental company.
Pack your bags in the car and start the two hour drive to the Central Pacific. The directions are extremely simple and you can see a detailed video of the route in our Surf Map section. You'll spend the remaining 7 nights at the small distinctive, beach front Hotel Canciones del Mar. Get settled in your comfortable room and start your Jaco Beach vacation!
You won't need to use your car while in Jaco, everything you may need is walking distance from the hotel, but we recommend taking advantage of it to surf Playa Hermosa and Esterillos to the south and Playa Herradura and Escondida to the north. You can't come on a surfing vacation to the Central Pacific of Costa Rica and not surf this spots at least once! At the hotel reception and throughout town you'll find tens of different day tours and activities for every taste, The Crocodile Man Tour, White Water Rafting, Sport Fishing and the adrenaline packed Canopy Tour are only a few of the things you can do while in Costa Rica.
Just a short drive from Playa Jaco you can experience true ecotourism, horseback rides, waterfalls and one of the most important nesting places of the Scarlet Macaw at the Carara National Park (just 9 miles form Jaco). Next to Carara National Park is the Tarcoles River, which has been described by National Geographic as the most crowded crocs river around the world, giving home to more than 25 crocs per square kilometer.
- Day 8: On your last day in Costa Rica you'll have to check out from the Hotel Canciones del Mar 5 hours before you'll flight departure. It will take you approximately two hours to reach the Car Rental offices to return the vehicle and sign all the paper work, from there their free shuttle will escort you to your departure gate just in time to catch your flight back home.
Services Included in the Jaco Beach Vacation:
- Price Per Person in Double Occupancy Green Season $480.48 (Tax included with 4×4 Suzuki Jimmy)
- Price Per Person in Double Occupancy High Season $738.60 (Tax included with 4×4 Suzuki Jimmy)
- Price Per Person in Quadruple Occupancy Green Season $287.11 (Tax included with 4×4 Hyundai Tucson)
- Price Per Person in Quadruple Occupancy High Season $435.25 (Tax included with 4×4 Hyundai Tucson)
- Airport pick up and transfer to the rental office
- Seven nights at Hotel Canciones del Mar in a Garden View Room.
- Breakfast for 7 days at Hotel Canciones del Mar
- 8 Days 4×4 rental with basic mandatory insurance
- 24/7 Emergency Phone Number
Contact Us For Additional Information
Not Included in the Jaco Beach Vacation Package:
Personal expenses, tips and gratuities, additional activities, additional insurance coverage, airport tax (paid at the Airport $26.00 per person) and additional meals not contemplated on the itinerary.
Hotel Canciones del Mar Jaco Beach
Canciones del Mar welcomes you to a little piece of paradise. It is the nicest small distinctive beach front hotel in Jaco.
Canciones del Mar is nestled in a lush tropical garden, surrounded by coconuts, pipas, papayas, bananas and many other tropical fruits and flowers. It is just a few steps to the beach, where you will find excellent surf all year round in warm tropical waters, so leave your wetsuit at home.
A barbecue area is available for all guest as well as the hammocks for those who prefer to swing gently with the songs of the sea. A large free from pool is also available to cool down from the hot summer days in Costa Rica.
Every room offers:
• Air Condition
• Cable TV
• Safety box
• Free Wi-Fi on the property and rooms
• Telephone
The hotel was recently remodeled and a climb up circular stairway brings you to a dreamy roof top bar where you can enjoy delicious tapas and a sip tasty tropical drinks. With a 360 degree view, over the tops of the palm trees, with the beach and the beautiful blue Ocean in front and the tropical jungle and the mountains in the back.
Jaco Beach Surfing Video
Jaco Map
View Costa Rica Surf Map in a larger map


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Below is the poem entitled Seed of Faith which was written by poet
Spooner. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Cathi Spooner
A tiny seed
born of need
Planted deep
within the soil of my heart.
Will it not depart?
This seed of faith
Laid deep;
It's sheath decays,
Lying prey
to all that prowls
without its beckon;
Death to reckon.
This seed of faith;
It's treasures now lay bare,
Deep below;
Darkness surrounds;
All hope is lost;
This tiny seed broken,
Laying bare
the promises within.
With hope yet abandoned,
Evidence appears,
Though barely visible.
Out of death,
New life;
It's journey to begin;
It's purpose to fulfill.
Faith not forsaken
Begins its way;
To unfold,
through darkness,
it's promises within.


text:
SALT LAKE CITY — A program in Salt Lake City seeks to get food and water to those who need it, no matter where they are.
The Burrito Project Salt Lake City is run primarily by Jorge Fierro, who said the initiative is his way to help pay back a city that has given him so much.
The program is run by a small army of volunteers who hit the streets on two wheels to dispense hot food to some of Salt Lake City's most vulnerable residents.
"And God knows there's a lot of people out there who are in need," Fierro said.
Fierro is known to many in the area as the man behind Rico Brand Mexican foods and Frida Bistro in Salt Lake City, but his time in Utah has humble beginnings.
"Truth of the matter is, when I came to Utah in 1985 I didn't speak any English and I didn't know anybody," he said.
Fierro stayed at a rescue mission for a while, but he said he never felt homeless, which is part of why he decided to give back.
"I was never hungry," he said. "I always found someone to feed me, and so it's kind of nice because when that happened to me, it made me feel great. It made me feel like there was hope, so I want to pass that on."
Fierro said he was happy to help when he was approached about using his building and resources for the project.
"So they needed a place where we could make the burritos, where we could get the ingredients," he said. "So we do rice and bean burritos, and we have a group of volunteers coming to make burritos three days a week."
Volunteer Rachel Potts helps make the burritos before hopping on a bike to deliver them.
"I really like being able to give someone a meal, put a smile on someone else's face, make someone's day," she said.
The program is now in its second year, and they distribute roughly 1,000 burritos each week.
Fierro said he is excited the project has taken off, and he said he hopes to see it expand.
"That gives people not only something to eat and fill their tummy, but hope, and that has a lot of value for me, that truly touches me," he said.


text:
Dr. Marty Sharer
- Bachelor of Music: Music Education and Performance, Western Kentucky University
- Master of Music: Percussion Performance, Northwestern University
- Doctor of Music: Percussion Performance, Northwestern University
Dr. Sharer is a versatile music performer, educator, conductor, clinician and adjudicator in the areas of percussion, band and jazz. He was appointed associate director of bands and assistant professor of music at Cal U in fall 2009.
Dr. Sharer previously taught at Campbellsville University in Kentucky, where he served as an assistant professor of music, director of percussions studies, director of the jazz ensemble and assistant director of the marching band. While teaching at Campbellsville University, Dr. Sharer was awarded the Kentucky Fourth District University Teacher of the Year Award. He has also held the position of director of bands at South Medford High School in Medford, Ore., and Warren East High School in Bowling Green, Ky. As a high school band director, his award-winning jazz ensembles were featured at the Sacramento and Medford Jazz Jubilees and performed at the Reno and Lionel Hampton Jazz Festivals.
Dr. Sharer has served as principal percussionist with the Owensboro Symphony Orchestra and section percussionist with the Chicago Civic Orchestra. While a member of the Chicago Civic Orchestra, he performed in the famous Symphony Hall of Chicago under the batons of some of the world's greatest conductors, including Pierre Boulez, Daniel Barenboim, Mstislav Rostropovich and John Adams. He has also performed with the Britt Festival Orchestra, Evansville Philharmonic, Bowling Green Chamber Orchestra, Illinois Symphony, Elmhurst Symphony, Fort Wayne Philharmonic, Peninsula Music Festival, Kenosha Symphony and the Eastern Philharmonic Orchestra.
Dr. Sharer has performed at Percussive Arts Society international conventions, PAS Days of Percussion, College Band Director National Association conventions, music educators state conferences, the Rhythm Sticks Percussion Festival in London, and the Midwest Band and Orchestra Clinic in Chicago. As a recitalist, concerto soloist and chamber musician, Dr. Sharer has performed throughout Europe and the United States. His performances experience also includes studio-recording sessions for motion picture soundtracks, TV commercials, jazz and classical albums. As a percussionist, he has performed in jazz, pop, country and Latin groups, including special performances with William Warfield and LeAnn Rimes.
Academic Department(s)
- Department of Music
Academic Program(s)
- Minor in Music


text:
Starlight #1
Series Info
Latest Issue:
Starlight #6
Digital Edition Includes
- ePub
What is a digital edition? Find more information on digital files & formats and how to read them here.
- Written By: Mark Millar
- Art By: Goran Parlov
- Cover By: John Cassaday
- Cover By: Goran Parlov
Cover Price: $2.99
Digital Price: $1.99
Diamond ID: JAN140531
Published: March 5, 2014
Forty years ago, Duke McQueen was the space hero who saved the universe. But then he came back home, got married, had kids, and grew old. Now his children have left and his wife has passed away, leaving him alone with nothing except his memories...until a call comes from a distant world asking him back for his final and greatest adventure. This issue launches the much-anticipated Millarworld Universe. Get in on the start of something MASSIVE!


text:
Requisition Number: 18961BR
Department: Psychiatry
University Job Title: Nurse Practitioner
Bargaining Unit: None
Job Category: Managerial & Professional
Type of Employment: Part Time
Duration Type: Fixed
If Fixed Duration, Period: 1 year from date of hire
Other Fixed Duration Date: 30-Dec-2013
If Fixed Duration, is continuation possible?: Yes
Salary Grade:
Work Week: Flexible Based on Departmental Needs
Work Location: Medical School Campus
Worksite Address: VAMC
Principal Responsibilities:
1. Examines patients to collect information about their physical condition and establishes a clinical diagnosis.
2. Conducts physicals, provides treatment, formulates a health care plan and counsels patients on various health practices.
3. Encourages compliance with treatments plan through education, assessment of patient understanding and regular patient monitoring.
4. Provides reasonable and prudent medical care, practices appropriate management, and uses sound clinical judgment based on best practice standards and evidenced based medicine.
5. Obtains, compiles, and records patient medical data, including health history, progress notes and results of physical examination.
6. Provides preventive health practices to patients to maintain and improve health and prevent illness.
7. Coordinates patient care including ordering of laboratory tests and radiographic studies.
8. Interprets diagnostic test results for deviations from normal.
9. Prescribes therapy or medication as necessary.
10. May perform other duties as assigned.
Required Education and Experience:
Master's Degree from an accredited advanced Nurse Practitioner program or graduation from a Physician Assistant (PA) Training Program accredited by the American Medical Association Council on Medical Education.
Background Check Requirements: All external candidates for employment will be subject to pre-employment background screening for this position, which may include motor vehicle and credit checks based on the position description and job requirements. All offers are contingent on successful completion of a background check. Please visit www.yale.edu/hronline/careers/screening/faqs.html [1] for additional information on the background check requirements and process.
Weekend Hours Required?: No
Evening Hours Required?: Occasional
Drug Screen: No
Health Screening: No
Yale University is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer. Yale values diversity in its faculty, staff, and students and strongly encourages applications from women and members of underrepresented minority groups.


text:
Monday, Feb. 25
Boston Celtics at Utah Jazz, 9 p.m. (CSN)
Welcome to your discussion forum: Sign in with a Disqus account or your social networking account for your comment to be posted immediately, provided it meets the guidelines. (READ HOW.) Comments made here are the sole responsibility of the person posting them; these comments do not reflect the opinion of The Sentinel and Enterprise. So keep it civil.
(Verena Dobnik/AP)
Diner en Blanc: New York leads world's biggest popup picnic
NEW YORK (AP) — Five thousand people dressed in white got together for the world's largest popup picnic at a location revealed only at the last moment. Full Story
Review: "Tour" a worthy look at artist as reluctant subject
LOS ANGELES (AP) — Many journalists who have written feature profiles of public figures will have experienced that light-bulb moment, once the cautious mutual-assessment phase is concluded and you start digging for the meat, when the subject perhaps casually reveals some illuminating aspect of him- or herself around which the entire article Full Story
Celebrity crushes: Falling in love with Marlon Brando
The magic and the meaning of a teen-age girl's first celebrity crush.


text:
A new Center report, "Are California Kids Eating California Food: Discovering Opportunities for Improving School Meals," examines 12 important California crops and purchasing by six school districts in the forefront of food service innovation. The report shows that the immense bounty of California agriculture creates great opportunities that the schools have yet to take advantage of.
Read the report
© 2004-2015
Center for Ecoliteracy. All rights reserved.


text:
Daily Journal Prompt #100 – And An Invitation April 16, 2012Posted by Patricia Ann McNair in Blog posts, Daily Journal Prompts, Things and Stuff.
Tags: Daily Journal, I'm late, inspiration, Invitation, Writing Prompt
1 comment so far
April 16, 2012: I'm late.
In honor of reaching Daily Journal Prompt #100, I would like to invite you to send me a sample of the writing you have done that was inspired by any of these Daily Prompts so far. You can simply send it as a comment to this (or any) Daily Prompt, and it will be considered for posting. And as always, thanks for reading! -PMc


text:
Advertisement - Continue Reading Below
Video: 2010 Hyundai Tucson
Hyundai's redone Tucson is rather upscale for its class.
Report: Boxster and Cayman Turbo Flat Fours Will Have 240 to 370 HP
All turbo lineup of boxer fours will replace flat-sixes in all but the highest-tier, limited-edition cars.
Rumor: BMW's Next Diesel Engine Will Have FOUR TURBOS
Apparently taking a page from Bugatti, BMW is allegedly adding a fourth turbo to its 3.0-liter diesel inline-six.
2016 Cadillac CTS-V: Instrumented Test Results
"Well balanced, so easy to manage hooligan-style slides."
2016 Cadillac CTS-V: First Drive
It touches 60 in 3.5 seconds and does a quarter-mile in 11.6 at 126.1 mph. But can it dance?
More From New Cars


text:
MMA News
MMA POLL: Should the UFC make teammates fight each other?
With the Georges St-Pierre vs. Carlos Condit match in the works as well as a light-heavyweight title fight between Jon Jones and Rashad Evans we wanted to ask the readers here on BJPENN.COM what you think of these teammate vs. teammate matchups. Sound off in our poll and head back here this Friday when we publish the results!
Read More: GSP vs. Condit, Evans vs. Jones, UFC
56 Responses to "MMA POLL: Should the UFC make teammates fight each other?"
Its a jOb they should be forced to fight but on flip side. It may create boring fights and guys not going for the kill. There are plenty of the guys in the UFC that will fight I don't see this being an issue unless a belt is involved
A good example of a horrible fight between friends was Frank Mir vs Roy Nelson.
uhhhhh an example of a great fight between friends would be Scott Smith vs Pete Sell. Or Rampage Henderson.
plus, gsp fights out of Montreal, and might visit coach greg "point fighter" jackson in new mexico once in a while, so gsp and condit are not really team mates or friends. maybe acquainted? have they even rolled or spared with each other? probably not.
GSP says he has never sparred or trained with Condit. they don't even count as teammates
I don't think team mates should be made to fight because if you train and someone for so long, it would end up being a boring fight if they know each others tendencies. Also, if they have the same trainers and coaches, it could create more problems and we'd see fighters at less than peak performance.
It's basically an individual sport. Yes training together does make you better, but in the end if you're in the same weightclass and you're both good enough to go for the belt it's bound to happen you have to fight eachother at some time in your career.
It's a bit different from tennisplayers or other individual sports, cause well…you're basicaly expected to KO a close friend once the door shuts.
I understand the flip side, but there is a good chance your teammates could be standing in the way of your progress through the rankings. It's a job in the end and if you want to do better and progress you should fight whomever they line up for you. I don't think they should be forced though. If they don't want to fight a guy then they shouldn't have to, but it could end up penalizing them. Jon Jones made the right choice way back when and it has certainly paid off.
nick diaz won that fight!
Whether he won it or not, he still would have lost due to smoking weed just before a fight…AGAIN. He's own undoing.
i think today its much more of a reasonable option then it was years ago… the sport going back wasn't really dominated by huge camps filled with top level fighters. everyone kinda came from their own camp, coaches, training partners, even the infamous jackson's gym was relatively small and unknown boasting only really the likes of rashad, jardine, and a few others. nowadays everyone in the ufc also has a few training partners in the ufc because the sport is dominated by about 5 or 6 huge camps and a few smaller ones. with that landscape it is virtually impossible to keep having contenders without friends/teammates fighting each other. that being said, there is also no reason they shouldnt be able to fight each other. this is NOT a team sport. i was on track n field in highschool and every single meet was competing against people from my team. i know people that wrestled and often had to compete against their teammates at tournaments and invitationals. its competition. get in, fight, be friends again. on top of that with these huge camps there is guaranteed to be enough coaches and training partners for each fighter to utilize and they can just split into teams until the fight and all be friends theres no reason not to be professional about this. and if there isnt enough coaches or training partners the 2 fighters can come to an agreement weather it be via rock paper scissors or something else as to one moving temporarily to a diff camp for the upcoming fight.
jon fitch and josh koshcheck suck ass
I think they should have to fight whoever the UFC matches them with. It might not make the best fight but if you're the number 1 contender and one of your friends/training partners is the champion you've got to take the fight.
In the end everyone who fights in the UFC has the same goal, to be the CHAMP! So a teammate of yours shouldn't stop you from achieving your goal/dream of becoming champ. When your in the cage it's you and the person in-front of you only. Your coaches and teammates aren't the ones throwing the punch and taking the punches. I've heard from a lot of fighters that the reason why they chose to become fighters over other sports was because it was not a team sport and you didn't have to rely on others to perform and win.
A question…
Has the UFC ever actually MADE teammates fight when they really didn't want to?
Bradda if I had for scrap beth for the ufc heavy wieght belt best belive bra I would give her the phalse crack medivak bra if she no drop I give her the 1 2 skip a few come in with the right uppah and garente bra crumble that broad make die dead bra pau hans
Then buss my mace cuz I hard li dat
how is this such a big problem in mma and not in boxing. ya never here a boxer cryin about fighting a "teammate".
ali was larry homes' mentor, and he beat the shit outta ali.
Not if they don't want to.
Yes. If someone has a belt it wouldn't be right to not let someone fight them because they are their team mate. At the end of the day MMA isn't a team sport. There aren't rings or trophies for everyone else, there is one belt, one person holds it. If you want it and your team mate has it, you have to fight them.
Of Course they should Fight, if your partner/friend is the Best and you're Number 2 you have no choice… Look at Pride everyone almost trained with someone they fought eventually because it's a tournament style match ups… They faced each other multiple times… that's why they're almost all friends…
to me its just a sport like eli and peyton play against each other maybe not fighting unless its for a title or title shot or if the fans just want it
Why would anybody want to see two friends fight? I don't mean you gotta hate the other guy your fighting. But what fan wants to see guys fight and their heart is just not in it?
yes they should fight each other …..but mma is a team sport no doubt about it not one single mma fighter fights,trains or corners by his or her self
sure they should, why not?
i really don't think you should be forced to fight your teammates unless you want to. it can ruin friendships.
Hell ya teammates should fight each other MMA is not a team sport. They need to quit being outlet bitches and fight you they are asked to. I'll beat the shit out of my best friend for the right price
with friends like you who needs friends Chris.
Never leave any fight in the hands of the judges,period.tired of hearing who should have won.yes same camp teamates should fight.
I see mma as an individual sport, anyways, sucks for the guys that like this " teammate friend" idea,because for what I've seen, Dana doesn't …
Since when has the UFC forced anyone to fight? If you dont want to fight your friend, dont take the fight, but dont cry when the promotion picks someone who is willing to fight for the prime time slots.
Machida vs Silva for example… will never happen
It's a job, plain and simple. At the end of the day, your work for a company that requires you to fight whoever they match you up with. That's your contract. If your truly friends, fighting each other because it's your jobs, it won't…shouldn't affect your friendship. If it came down to it, I'd fight my brother to get a title shot, and he would me. We'd still be brothers, and he'd still be my best friend. And whoever wins, one would still be in the other's corner.
I think most fighters who say they would never fight their teammate, is because they are afraid they might lose because they know each others style and techniques too well. To me, that's more of a challenge. Any fighter who can over come such challenge and still come out the victor, is a fighter to watch out for.
I hope rory mcdonald vs gsp happens at some point in time.
Nah, let them put on full sparring gear and tap tap each other.
Like I'm sure Condit & GSP will do.
Its competition. They should fight each other to see who is the best. I have to fight my friends to get better. Get over it. If anything it'll make you train harder and leave it out on the line to prove you are better than your friend.
I admit that I have never liked fighting my friends but when working the smaller shows it happens all the time. If anything it makes for better fights since we both know each others weakness and go for it. It also helps when we know we have the other against the ropes we usually don't throw extra punches that are not needed, take for instance the Hendo Bisping fight. That type of show would NEVER happen between team mates.
It's like Eli not wanting to play Peyton in a future Superbowl. Get over it, you're playing and you're fighting. You don't decide what the match ups are, The UFC does because they are paying you and running the show. With that being said, I wanna see Silva (at 205)vs Machida as soon as possible. Jon Jones can beat down Silva later on. ~BobO
I don't think they should be MADE to. If they want to pass up the chance of advancing their carrer then that's up to them. With the respect that a lot of fighters show each other I don't see why one wouldn't. Yeah, I understand that it could make some boring fights as you don't wanna break your friend's arm in the match, but two professional fighters should be able to fight each other in a professional manner. Consider it an advanced full contact sparring match. And now your teammate knows what to work on in practice (or help you work on).
I think they should fight each other, they are professionals after all
no one is MADE to ever fight, if the boss tells you to do something you have two options (depending if what he wants you to do is legal or not) you either do what your boss says, or you quit, that simple enough said on the subject. If you don't want to fight your friends then don't fight for the same organization or get over it.
No not each other, they should be tag-teamates. This is
a concept at the at the cxcpro.com website
Who wants to see a fight with two guys that aren't motivated to go at each other. Not me. I know fighting is business, but if two guys are like brothers to one another, you may get a sparring session instead.
I don't think its necessary to HAVE to fight your friend or team mate, it would put a huge strain on the team that would more often than not end in tears, although this is a professional sport but also not a team sport I wouldn't like to face a friend in the octagon, also chances are the fights wouldn't have 100% commitment from either fighter
Maybe not for a regular match-up, but for a no.1 contender or a title fight then of course. I don't see any fighter turning down a title shot just cause a training partner is the Champ.
all you guys need to train with a team almost every day and then be forced to fight them. its not right. people you train with you are probably around them more than your own family. you team becomes your family and to fight one of them is just fucked up. and coaches dont want to coach 2 fighters to fight each other. and its notlike you want to leave your team just to fight one of your best friends. so all you people who say they should be forced to "i want you to go to your bedroom, take your shoes off, lie down in your bed, take about 20 or 30 minutes, and go fuck yourself"
You'd give up a title shot if one of your friends had the belt? Not likely. I doubt Dana has to force people into fights anyways.
see the question was. should ufc force them that i have a problem with. i got no problem if u wanna fight ur team. and idk what i would do in that situation i would talk to the belt holder and my coach and see what they think and go from there
When have you trained or fought in MMA? I have and I HAVE had to fight my team mates. You would not believe how many friends have to fight one another in the smaller shows. Think about it, a show like rage in the cage goes to bum f#ck egypt and they want 10 fights, they have 5 fights already lined up and are going to fill the other 5 with local talent, and guess what once again you are in BFE so you might have 4 in the same weight class so guess what you either don't fight or you fight a friend. I have had to do it 3 times, each time they were good fights that were finished, twice quickly and the other went half way through the third. ( I won 2 of the 3) after the fight we went out and had a good time together, the next day we started training at the gym together once again. It wasn't personal and in fact my friend is lucky I was the one that fought him 25 seconds in I dropped him and I knew he was out, instead of jumping on him and punching I simply followed him to the ground (to make sure he wasn't faking) I looked up at the ref and he waved it off, had it been another fighter he would have surely ate at least 5 extra punches
They should have to, it wouldnt be fair to tell someone they cant fight for the title just cause thier friend holds the title
I don't think they should be made to fight each other but like in the Fitch vs Kos situation their both top 4 welters so eventually they're gonna have to fight for a title shot.
yes, u wake up as a kid wanting to be the champion,u dont dream about training with your buddies. u dream about being the best at your division or of all time so its really whether you wanna be a real man, which is doing things in life u dont wanna do but have to do to achieve your goals or just be a pussy. Choose one. I choose beating a teammate whether it be ko or sub or dec, and at the end of the day if i was the one to be beat i would wake up a lil confused and a lil pissed off but then id be seeing my buddy wearing the belt, so ya know thats when u gotta be a man again realize u lost and congratulate your friend. Its part of the sport
Ho yupp my name is matt paccarro I take it in the but like a champ I can handle four cocks at once hit me up plz no privates ccalls serious ppl only I want a toughg mma guy to toss my ass around perferably blacks only 8083485686
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text:
A method is provided to remove contaminants that are more dense than water from a contaminated volume of earth, the contaminants pooled above a layer of earth, the method comprising the steps of: providing an essentially horizontal wellbore along the interface between the layer of earth and the contaminants; heating at least a portion of the contaminants in situ from the wellbore; and removing the heated contaminants by heating through the horizontal wellbore. The wellbores preferably include both heaters and provide a conduit for removal of contaminants, and preferably also provide heaters located within the wellbores in addition to those heaters required to vaporize the contaminants to maintain the contaminants in a vapor state until the vapors reach a well head and can be further processed at the surface.
1. A method to remove contaminants that are more dense than water from a contaminated volume of earth, the contaminants pooled above a layer of earth on which the contaminants collect forming an interface between the layer and the contaminants, the method comprising the steps of:
providing an essentially horizontal wellbore along the interface between the layer of earth and the contaminants;
heating at least a portion of the contaminants in situ from the wellbore; and
removing the heated contaminants by heating through the horizontal wellbore.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the heating is accomplished by heating from within the horizontal wellbore.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein a plurality of essentially parallel horizontal wellbores are provided along the interface between the layer of earth and the contaminants.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the essentially horizontal wellbores each provide heat to the formation and serve as conduits to collect vaporized contaminants.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein alternating essentially horizontal wellbores provide heat to the formation and serve as conduits to collect vaporized contaminants.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of removing at least some contaminants in a liquid phase prior to vaporizing the contaminants.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein contaminants are maintained in a vapor phase by supplemental heaters in the essentially horizontal wellbore.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the contaminants have low solubility in water.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the heating is accomplished at least in part by electrical heaters within the horizontal wellbore.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the layer of earth is selected from the group consisting of a clay layer and a silty clay layer.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the contaminants are removed as vapors.
This is a continuation of PCT/EP98/02801, filed May 6, 1998, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/045,896, filed May 7, 1997.
The invention relates to an in situ thermal desorption process for remediation of denser than water contaminants trapped on impermeable earth layers.
Thermal desorption methods to remove volatile contaminants from soils in situ are suggested in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,973,811, 5,076,727, 5,152,341, 5,190,405, 5,193,934, 5,221,827, and 5,271,693. Methods of applying heat include microwave and radio frequency electrical power along with resistance heating between electrodes; injection of hot gases; and conduction of electricity through the soil. Conductive heat transfer from heat injection wells are suggested in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,190,405 and 5,271,693. U.S. Pat. No. 5,271,693 suggests a heat injection well through which vapors are extracted from the formation.
These methods generally rely on maintenance of a low pressure at the surface or at a vapor extraction wellbore to control movement of contaminants from their initial position to a point where they can be recovered. When the contaminants are substantially immiscible with water and are more dense than water, the contaminants tend to sink downward and collect on clay or other impermeable layers. These contaminants are referred to as DNAPLs (dense nonaqueous phase liquids). These layers of clay often lay along old river beds that have been covered by sediment. These clay surfaces are generally covered with depressions (like a muffin tin) which act as traps for the DNAPL. Pools of DNAPL therefore are often thin and scattered along low spots on the layer of clay.
The most common remediation method for such contaminates is to put a well where it is thought that depressions lie in the clay surface, and to pump liquids out of the well until no more contaminants are produced. Old river bed channels or other depressions could therefore be inches away from the point the wellbore is placed, and the contaminants laying in the channel could be unrecoverable. DNAPLs generally contaminate ground water by slowly dissolving in the ground water. Attempts to remove DNAPLs by pumping and treating ground water are very slow because of limited solubility of DNAPLs in water. Such sites therefore must be maintained for extended periods of time. Further, it is not always convenient or possible to put wellbores above each suspected low spot.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method to remove DNAPLs from pools on impermeable layers. It is a further object to provide such a method wherein the contaminates can be removed in a relatively short period of time, and wherein numerous wellbores above pools of DNAPLs are not required.
This and other objects are accomplished by a method to remove contaminants that are more dense than water from a contaminated volume of earth, the contaminants pooled above a layer of earth, the method comprising the steps of: providing an essentially horizontal wellbore along the interface between the layer of earth and the contaminants; heating at least a portion of the contaminants in situ from the wellbore; and removing the heated contaminants by heating through the horizontal wellbore.
The wellbores preferably include both heaters and provide a conduit for removal of contaminants, and preferably also provide heaters located within the wellbores in addition to those heaters required to vaporize the contaminants to maintain the contaminants in a vapor state until the vapors reach a well head and can be further processed at the surface.
FIG. 1 is a vertical profile of a wellbore according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a series of parallel essentially horizontal wellbores according to the present invention.
This invention addresses a problem of contaminants lying along a layer on which DNAPL collects. This may be a soil layer of very low permeability, such as a clay or silty clay, or a permeable layer through which the DNAPL has not penetrated due to insufficient hydraulic head. It has been found that heating these contaminants effectively removes the contaminants economically and within a reasonable time frame.
The present invention is applicable to a wide variety of contaminants. PCBs, mercury, chlorinated solvents, and heavy gas oils, for example, can be removed as liquids or vapors by the present invention. Normal boiling points of these materials are well above temperatures that can be initially achieved in situ. Initially, application of heat results in lowered viscosity of the DNAPL, and therefore increased rate of drainage into the well. At higher temperatures, connate water will vaporize, resulting in steam distillation, removing a further significant amount of DNAPL. After liquid water is vaporized, temperatures will increase more rapidly, resulting in further vaporization of DNAPLs. Vaporization of the DNAPLs results in removal of almost all contaminants even if the DNAPLs are trapped in a pool somewhat below the horizontal wellbore. This eliminates the need to provide a wellbore into every low spot in the interface between the permeable and impermeable layers.
The wellbores of the present invention can be cased and cemented wellbores such as are utilized in the oil industry, but such elaborate wells may not be justified in most applications. Typically wells can be utilize in the present invention that are cased but not cemented. The wellbore may be perforated for collection of vapors according to methods well known in the oil industry.
Heat is imparted to the contaminants by thermal conduction from the wellbore. Wellbore heaters useful for heating the wellbore to provide heat for thermal conduction into the formation are known. Electrical wellbore heaters are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,060,287, incorporated herein by reference. For example, gas fired wellbore heaters are taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,902,270, and 3,181,613, incorporated herein by reference. A preferred gas fired wellbore heater is disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,255,742, incorporated herein by reference.
Heat is applied to the contaminants by conduction, and is preferably applied from a wellbore which also serves as a source of suction to remove contaminant containing vapors from the wellbore. In this preferred embodiment, vaporized contaminants are therefore transported from the formation directly to the wellbore for recovery without the possibility that they are transported to cooler soil where the contaminants could condense, causing an increased concentration of contaminants where condensation occurs.
As heat is applied to the soil, vapor is generated by the heat when the temperature teaches the boiling point of liquids in the region being heated. Generally, liquid water will be present, and the contaminants will be removed by steam distillation as water vaporizes in the soil surrounding the contaminants and passes through the soil to the vapor collection conduits. It is preferred that at least some of the mobile contaminant be removed from the wellbore by pumping prior to heating to a temperature at which vapors are generated in the region near the wellbore. Adding heat lowers the viscosity of the contaminants, and results, at least initially, in increased rates of drainage of the DNAPLs to the wellbore. More preferably, DNAPLs are removed by pumping liquids from wellbore until mostly water is being pumped. One reason for this is that applying heat to the DNAPLs when the DNAPLs saturate the soil in contact with the wellbore may decompose in them to coke. Significant amounts of coke would reduce permeability of the perforations and the soil directly around the wellbore. The presence of an excess of water will supress coke formation on heating.
Electrical resistance heaters are shown, but other heater types could also be provided. Electrical heaters are convenient because they do not require flowlines within the casing, leaving more room for flow of vapors from the contaminated soil.
Additional wellbores equipped to insert heat and/or to remove vapors, referred to as guard wells, are preferably provided in soil surrounding the contaminated zone in order to ensure that contaminants do not move away from the initially contaminated volume. Additional guard wells could also be placed around the contaminated zone to reduce water flow into the heated soil and permit higher temperatures at the location of the contaminants.
Another option to reduce flow of ground water into a contaminated zone that is being heated is to provide a sheet wall, cement, bentonite slurry wall, or other impermeable barrier around the contaminated zone. The impermeable barrier could extend from the surface to at least the top of a relatively impermeable barrier. Typically, the top of the low permable layer on which the DNAPL sits is deep enough for the impermeable barrier.
Stainless steel slotted or perforated liners of about 4 inches diameter are preferred for lining the horizonal boreholes. The wells can be drilled starting from a location about 150 ft away from the edge of the contamination when the contamination is about 30 feet below the surface. For other depths, the distance away is preferably chosen so that the average angle of the well approaching the contamination is between about 15� and about 45�. A nonmagnetic jet source is preferably used for drilling the holes. The nonmagnetic jet source is preferred to avoid interference with a preferred drill steering control that includes a sonde with accelerometer and 3-axis magnetometer within feet of the bit. A gamma ray logging sonde located just behind the drill steering sonde can be used to measure the height above the clay. To do this, first a vertical core is obtained and natural gamma radiation is measured using a core gamma ray logger. Then, based on natural gamma ray intensity of clay relative to sand found from this core, data from the gamma ray sonde can be used to determine the drill bit location above the clay. Lateral steering can be accomplished using a surface magnetic dipole loop source to guide the 3-axis magnetometer located in the drill steering sonde. The strength of the magnetic dipole signal can also be used to indicate the depth of the sonde relative to the surface. Magnetic dipole surface locations are preferably surveyed before drilling commences and the bit can then be guided towards these locations.
Bentonite mud can be used for drilling fluid, contained in a closed loop circulation system. A closed loop system is preferred to contain any contamination that becomes mixed with drilling fluid.
The horizonal wellbores (for example, of about 6 inch diameter) can be cased with, for example, K55 steel and cemented with class G cement in the section from the surface down to the horizontal section. The horizontal section can be, for example, a 4" nominal (4 1/2" OD) 304 stainless steel schedule 10 slotted pipe (0.120" wall-4.26" ID). Each 20 ft joint within the horizontal section can be, for example, fully slotted with 0.032" wide by 2" long vertical slots 15 rows around the pipe. There are therefore preferably 60 slots per foot, resulting in 3.84 square inches of open area per linear foot of well. Natural pack development should be, in most cases, sufficient for the well completion in a sandy soil.
Heaters can be contained in 27/8 inch 304 stainless steel schedule 10 heating pipe sealed at the far end of the horizontal section. The heating element inside the heating pipe consists of 3 mm nichrome wire strung in interlocking steatite insulating beads (available, for example, from Cooperheat Inc., Houston, Tex.). Periodically the beads, can be threaded to a stainless steel strip for conveying the heating element into the pipe. Type K "INCONEL" sheathed thermocouples can be located periodically in holes in the steatite beads for temperature sensing and control. The heating pipe can maintain a temperature at the surface of the pipe of up to 1600� F. if required for heating the slotted liner. The heating pipe is movable and heating elements can be replaced in the heating pipe while still in the well.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a vertical cross section of a horizontal wellbore suitable for practice of the present invention is shown. A horizontal wellbore is cased, in a horizontal section 102 with a perforated casing and in a section leading to the horizontal section with a nonperforated casing. The nonperforated casing is cemented with cement 104 to prevent migration of liquids along the wellbore. A heat tube 103 is within the casing. The heat tube contains heat elements 105 which generate heat by electrical resistance. The horizontal section is placed at an interface between an impermeable clay layer 106 and a pool of DNAPL contaminants 107. The pool of contaminants saturates a lower portion of a permeable sediment 108 above the clay layer. Heat 110 generated by the heating elements is transferred out of the casing and vapors 111 generated within the soil flow into the casing though perforations 112.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a plan view of an exemplary application of the present invention is shown. An area of contamination 201 is trapped on top of an impermeable layer of clay, and is located below a parking lot 202. A significant advantage of using horizontal wellbores is that the well heads may be located with considerable more flexibility than vertical wellbores. In the example shown in FIG. 2, for example, the contaminated region is located underneath a parking lot. With vertical wellbores, the wellheads would have to be located nearly above the contaminated region, or within the parking lot shown. With horizontal wellbores, wellheads 203 can be located remotely, and considerable more flexibility exists as to in which direction from the contamination the wellbores can be placed. The distance between the contaminated region and the wellbores generally must be above a minimum required distance (which varies with the depth of the contamination) but at an expense, can be located farther away from the contamination. Economics can dictate how far above the minimum distance the wellheads are located to the contamination. Horizontal wellbores 204 are shown extending from the wellheads toward the contaminated region. A manifold 205 collects vapors at the wellheads and provides a conduit to route the vapors to a treatment facility 206. Distance 207 between parallel horizontal wellbores can be, for example, between about 3 and about 20 feet. This distance is preferably less than about 10 feet because heat loss to above and below the contamination from the heater becomes excessive if the distance between the wellbore and a location which must be heated from the wellbore becomes too great. How close the weibores are to each other is limited only by a tradeoff between cost of providing the wellbores and wellheads and factors such as the time required to remediate and the total energy cost.
The contaminated volume is shown as underneath an overburden, but if the soil is to be heated to the surface, insulation can be provided above at the surface. Further, if the contaminated volume extends to near the surface, it could be beneficial to provide a vapor seal over the surface to prevent excessive amounts of air from being pulled into the contaminated volume.
Vapors are removed through the horizontal wellbores, and these vapors can then be treated to remove contaminants by methods known in the art. For example, thermal oxidizers can be provided to oxidize the contaminants, and then the remaining vapor stream could be passed through carbon beds to collect residual contaminants and/or the oxidation products of the contaminants. A blower will generally be provided to maintain a low absolute pressure within the wellbore. Lower pressures are beneficial because lower pressures decrease the temperatures at which water and contaminants are vaporized.
Three alternatives for processes to remove PCBs (exemplary of DNAPLs) from under a water table and lying on a clay layer were evaluated by a numerical simulation using a heat and mass transfer model. The first two alternatives are examples of conventional prior art. The third option is exemplary of a preferred embodiment of present invention. The values used in the simulation are based on an existing contaminated site. The pool of PCBs are 100 feet by 200 feet, and at the deepest point, three feet deep. Pressure-temperature-density relationships of the PCB's at this site were based on data from EPA publications. The model includes a vadose zone, a saturated zone, a free- flowing PCB zone and bounding clay layers underneath. Horizontal wells are placed on top of a bounding clay at the base of the PCB pool, along the length of the pool. The set of 10 wells across 100' of PCB pool give rise to a repetitive pattern 10' wide. The horizontal wells can be drilled and completed in about 30 days for an estimated total cost of about $350,000. The access to the area directly above the contamination will be unrestricted during both during and remediation.
Conditions for the simulations are as follows:
Vadose Zone:
Thickness=13 feet
Hydraulic conductivity=2.4 feet/day
Permeability=0.9 Darcy
Hydraulic gradient=0.012
Initial Water saturation=30%
Initial Air saturation=69.8%
Initial PCB saturation=0.1%
Irreducible Water Sat,=30%
Thermal Conductivity
Dry=2.4�10-3 cal/sec/cm/� C.
Wet=3.0�10-3 cal/sec/cm/� C.
Saturated Zone:
Thickness=12.7 feet
Hydraulic conductivity=2.4 feet/day
Permeability=0.9 Darcy
Hydraulic gradient=0.012
Initial Water saturation=94.7%
Initial Air saturation=5%
Initial PCB saturation=13%
Irreducible Water saturation=30%
Thermal Conductivity
Dry=2.4�10-3 cal/sec/cm/� C.
Wet=3.0�10-3 cal/sec/cm/� C.
Free flowing PCB Zone:
Thickness=2.5 feet
Hydraulic conductivity=10 feet/day
Permeability=3.7 Darcy
Hydraulic gradient=0.012
Initial Water saturation=20%
Initial Air saturation=0.1%
Initial PCB saturation=79.9%
Irreducible Water saturation=30%
Irreducible PCB saturation=25%
Thermal Conductivity
Dry=2.4�10-3 cal/sec/cm/� C.
Wet=3.0�10-3 cal/sec/cm/� C.
Option 1
This option involves the use of two 6" OD wells. One well is 200' long and located along the small reservoir dip while the second well is nearly perpendicular to the first and located along the east end of the pool of contaminamts. The contaminants drain into the two wells by gravity drainage and are pumped to the surface for off-site disposal.
Option 2
For this option, a set of ten horizontal wells are used across the 100' (approximately) width of the pool and completed as per the description above of the preferred embodiment. In this example, the proximity of the wells (10' well distance) is used to accelerate production together with a bottom hole pressure of 16 psia which allows for approximately 11 psi across the perforations. The time to achieve residual saturation for this option becomes two to three years. The produced fluids including PCBs and water are collected at the surface and disposed off-site.
Option 3
This alternative again utilizes the 10 horizontal well array; each equipped with a heater in the horizontal section and another heater in the vertical section to prevent condensation of PCB in the vertical section. Produced PCB's are mostly destroyed in situ. The remaining PCBs are kept in the gas phase though up-hole heaters until the produced gases reach a thermal oxidizer on a process trailer at the surface where they are fully destroyed.
In option 3, the example of the preferred embodiment, substantial desaturation of the PCBs is obtained early on due to three effects: the flush production from a suction well operating at 16 psi bottom hole pressure; the rapid flush distillation of PCBs by the water present (30% initial saturation); and the rapid boil-off of PCBs driving all fluids into a very mobile gas phase. As the thermal fronts expand outward these last two effects account for the bulk of the production. Once water is gone, the boiling of PCBs into the gas phase is the main production mechanism which is entirely driven by the rate of heat infectivity into dry soil. Very low residual levels (about 2 ppm) of PCBs are achieved in about 240 days. Anisotropy and other soil imperfections, such as muffin-tin depressions, will result in options 1 and 2 being substantially less effective than the modeling results predict. These imperfections have less effect on option 3 because heat transfer is much less sensitive to soil variability, and the high gas phase mobility circumvents permeability heterogeneity.
Option 3, which involves heating the contaminated soil with an array of ten horizontal wells, also represents the most cost effective way of treating that site.
The table below shows the duration and costs (in millions of US dollars) for the three options described above, along with the present value of the costs (discounted at 5%).
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ DURA- CAPITAL O&M1 TOTAL TOTAL TION COST PV COST PV COST PV COST PCBsOPTION YEARS $ � 10-6 $ � 10-6 $ � 10-6 $ � 10-2 AT END2__________________________________________________________________________1 100 0.3 1.5 1.8 8. 6.62% wt2 2 0.9 1.7 2.6 2.7 5.51% wt3 1 0.9 0.7 1.6 1.6 0.0002% wt__________________________________________________________________________ 1 Operating and maintenance costs present value. 2 PCBs remaining after the DURATION of the remediation.
From the Table it can be seen that Option 3 (the present invention) results in significant savings in costs and also the time required for remediation. Further, remediation is more complete by a dramatic amount. Because Options 1 and 2 rely on drainage, they rely on a smooth interface between the permeable and impermeable surfaces. Because these surfaces are generally not smooth, the estimated recoveries for Options 1 and 2 would not actually be achieved. Because Option 3 heats the entire surface to the boiling point of the PCB, liquid phase drainage to the well is not necessary, and the level of remaining PCBs estimated by the simulation is achievable, even with trapped pools of PCBs on the surface of the clay. Thus, remediation is considerably more reliable and complete, with pockets of contaminants not remaining in low spots between wellbores, using the present invention.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Subpart B--Warning Statements
(a) For the purpose of this section, a foaming detergent bath product is any product intended to be added to a bath for the purpose of producing foam that contains a surface-active agent serving as a detergent or foaming ingredient.
(b) The label of foaming detergent bath products within the meaning of paragraph (a) of this section, except for those products that are labeled as intended for use exclusively by adults, shall bear adequate directions for safe use and the following caution:
Caution --Use only as directed. Excessive use or prolonged exposure may cause irritation to skin and urinary tract. Discontinue use if rash, redness, or itching occurs. Consult your physician if irritation persists. Keep out of reach of children.
(c) In the case of products intended for use by children, the phrase "except under adult supervision" may be added at the end of the last sentence in the caution required by paragraph (b) of this section.
[51 FR 20475, June 5, 1986]
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Opponents of a rock crusher at a Montana Creek Road gravel pit have appealed a Conditional Use Permit issued to Coogan General, LLC last month by the Juneau Planning Commission.
The appeal was filed Wednesday by Peggy and Richard Mattson, who live in the Montana Creek subdivision. Peggy Mattson says they're concerned about how the rock crusher could affect health, safety, traffic, and neighborhood aesthetics.
"Over the past twenty years they've increased the residential density of the neighborhood. We have over 300 homes, with the Community Garden, recreation area all in this area, the gun club," says Mattson. "And putting basically an open pit mine in the residential area doesn't fit into the scheme of things."
The Mattsons live next to Juneau Assembly member Ruth Danner, whose comments to the Planning Commission about the issue last month drew a threat of censure from Mayor Bruce Botelho. Danner is among more than 40 Juneau residents listed as a concerned parties on the appeal.
The Assembly is typically the appeal board for Planning Commission decisions, and the matter has been scheduled for the May 14th Assembly meeting. But City Attorney John Hartle has recommended a hearing officer decide the case. Hartle says Danner's comments on the issue to the Planning Commission and during Assembly meetings hurt the Assembly's chances of hearing the matter fairly and impartially. The attorney estimates a hearing officer could cost the city up to $20,000.
The permit approved by the Planning Commission put more than 20 conditions on Coogan's proposed operations. They include locating the rock crusher at the far north end of the gravel pit, limiting its hours of operation to weekdays between 7 a.m. and 6 p.m., and noise restrictions.
Wayne Coogan of Coogan General declined an interview request at this time.


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Unlocking the Key to Deep Sleep
By Sarah Fenske
Making the Ferguson Commission Matter
By Danny Wicentowski
My Fake Boyfriend Became a Real-Life Crush
By Lindsay Toler
Rep. Jeffrey Pogue Bill Would Ban Unisex Bathrooms
By Danny Wicentowski
Darren Wilson Gives Speech to Nonprofit
By Danny Wicentowski
Angel Stewart and Other Victims of Violence Ask for Mercy
By Jessica Lussenhop
Obama Praises St. Louis' LaunchCode
By Lindsay Toler
By Lindsay Toler
Today, the Black Rep pays Grand Center Inc. a $60,000 "usage fee" from January-June. Because Himes believed the rates the agency offered the Black Rep for the fall were exorbitant, the second-largest theater company in the city vacates its "home" and performs at St. Louis Community College-Forest Park during those months.
Himes says that his company's relationship with Grand Center Inc. "is as good as it's been in a while" -- with the agency helping secure a $100,000 HUD grant for the Black Rep to do a feasibility study of its own on the Sun for a space that would function as an education and technical-support center, with acting and dance studios, a 150-seat black-box theater, rehearsal space for traveling shows, a box office, gallery and retail space, administrative offices, and costume and property shops. Himes acknowledges that Grand Center Inc.'s new role as facilitator "may be progress in that, at least now they're admitting what they are and 'fessing up to what they want" and sees this as an opportunity to move forward. But he feels that the need remains to sometimes retrace the history of the relationship between the Black Rep and Grand Center Inc., because "their revisionist history doesn't remember that they couldn't have raised the funding money to renovate the Grandel if every grant they wrote didn't say, 'We're building a home for the Black Rep.' Every grant. Every proposal."
And Grand Center Inc. couldn't talk about an Arts Annex if there weren't arts organizations housed there. Yet Himes has heard that the rent for the Black Rep's office space is about to increase again: "Why do we have to pay them rent? They don't pay the city rent. It's ludicrous, at any rate. I said, don't pay it."
Ten years after consultant John Bos said it, Tom Reeves, chief credit officer of the eastern region for Mercantile Bank and chairman of Grand Center's board, is still saying it: "We want people to stay longer after the symphony. We want people to stay longer after the Fox and come earlier."
Reeves, in his Mercantile office in downtown Clayton, has papers and building plans strewn about the room in a morass that's pleasing to find in a banker's office. Redevelopment is one of his specialties, and he wants to put into perspective the hard task of rebuilding a neighborhood.
"You have to create a safe environment where people feel comfortable, where there are restaurants, where there are bars, where there are bistros, where there are art galleries, where there are photography studios -- which are all open much later than they are today. You have to feel comfortable walking up and down the alleys. You have to feel comfortable staying out and not just rushing back to your car."
Ten years is not a long time, Reeves says as a kind of Grand Center Inc. mantra. He does not believe that the initial concepts of Gaddes and company were overblown. The renovation of the Sun Theatre, for example "still can happen. Right now there's over $80 million that's invested in Grand Center. I would say that over the next three to four years we can double that. The momentum has built." (That $80 million figure is fuzzy at times. In some of Grand Center Inc.'s material, the sum is $60 million, and Ruwitch ballooned it to $100 million in conversation.)
Reeves turns to KETC as the new model for Grand Center redevelopment: "A critical development was the move of KETC. KETC took a risk. Their board was torn. They could have gone to the county or to (University of Missouri-St. Louis). Michael Hardgrove and Ted Garcia were instrumental in choosing Grand Center. Grand Center worked to demolish a couple of small buildings, clean up the environmental problems and clean the site to be able to deliver it."
With a vigorous capital campaign, the station was able to raise the funds for its state-of-the-art facility on Olive.
But is this a "one-size-fits-all" method for development? An affiliate of the Public Broadcasting System, with significant corporate-underwriting support, is not the same as a midsize nonprofit theater or dance troupe. Just as 10 years ago there was an apparent need for restaurants, bistros and bars in Grand Center, the need for an 1,800-2,000 seat performing-arts facility has been severe. Companies such as Gash/Voigt Dance Theatre, The New Theatre (TNT) and the Metro Theatre Company have been the Bedouin nomads of the local arts scene. TNT, for example, has performed in the New City School, Webster University's Studio III, the International Shoe Building, the Annex Theatre and the Grandel in recent years.
These three groups are in very preliminary discussions about transforming the former Medinah Temple into a performing-arts space that could benefit them and other midsize companies in the community. The groups have spoken with Grand Center's redevelopment committee and have six or seven months to put together a strategic plan. Reeves says he's talked with the groups about fundraising, operating expenses and the need to change their board structure. "What they do, they do well," says Reeves. "They're not real-estate developers. They're not supposed to know about tax credits. Many of their boards are focused on the artistic side and not the financial side. Our goal would be to help point out how these things would be practically implemented. It's nice to have a vision, but you have to have a way to put it together, a real plan on how to raise the money and what the feasibility is of the whole project."
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City : Hotel Lexington
Country : Hotel USA
Star rating : 3 star hotel
The hotel comfort suites The Comfort Suites is located three miles from the Bluegrass Airport and is within walking distance of several shops and restaurants. We offer free high-speed Internet access in every room and serve free continental breakfast every morning. We have an Indoor pool, spa and a 24 hr. exercise room. Refrigerators and microwaves in all the rooms. Pet Accommodation: 40.00 per stay. (source: Hotel.info)


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American Idol
Guess Which Reality TV Contestant Has a "Remember" Tattoo on Her Wrist!
This reality TV contestant has hearing loss in both ears, but you'd never know it from the way she can bust out a tune. Despite having 40 percent loss in one ear, and 2 percent in the other, this songbird is certainly not deficient in the singing department!
A native of Beverly, MA, this beautiful 18-year-old beauty is a huge Jessie J fan and loves to perform the British singer's music. She's also a fabulous songwriter herself, which she demonstrated on national television by performing an original song that fans still can't stop talking about.
In a recent photo shoot, we found out this lovely lady has a "Remember" tattoo on her wrist in simple script. Who or what she was referring to when she paying homage to when she inked herself still remains a mystery. (Although we're trying to discover the answer!)
Already guessed who it is? No? Well click on through our photos below to find out!