text:
"Jesus said to them, 'My wife...'"
Michael Peppard September 18, 2012 - 11:22pm
Nothing calls to mind my latent fantasies of an Indiana Jones lifestyle more than a new fragmentary Coptic papyrus about Jesus' "wife." I will confess that, as a reader/teacher of Coptic and a papyrologist, this was a pretty awesome afternoon. I was giddy like a child. Please, can someone need me on a plane to Cairo immediately? I have the hat already. And I can get the whip on the way to the airport.[caption id="attachment_20817" align="aligncenter" width="300" caption="Karen L. King"][/caption]The phone didn't ring, so I settled in to assess the new papyrus. After scrutinizing the wonderfully high-resolution photograph offered in Laurie Goodstein's New York Times piece, I would like first to commend Karen King of Harvard for the ways in which she has presented this fragment to the world. Nowhere in her quotations or the manuscript of her forthcoming article does she engage in the kind of grandstanding that would be so tempting in her situation. Does this fragment prove that Jesus was married? In King's sober evaluation:
No, this fragment does not provide evidence that Jesus was married. The comparatively late date of this Coptic papyrus (a fourth century CE copy of a gospel probably written in Greek in the second half of the second century) argues against its value as evidence for the life of the historical Jesus. Nor is there any reliable historical evidence to support the claim that he was not married, even though Christian tradition has long held that position. The oldest and most reliable evidence is entirely silent about Jesus's marital status. The first claims that Jesus was not married are attested only in the late second century CE, so if the Gospel of Jesus's Wife was also composed in the second century CE, it does provide evidence, however, that the whole question about Jesus's marital status arose as part of the debates about sexuality and marriage that took place among early Christians at that time. From the very beginning, Christians disagreed about whether it was better to marry or to be celibate, but it was over a century after Jesus's death before they began using Jesus's marital status to support their different positions. Christian tradition preserved only those voices that claimed Jesus never married, but now the Gospel of Jesus's Wife shows that some Christians claimed Jesus was married, probably already in the late second century.
Next I would like to clarify, for readers unfamiliar with the scholars cited, that a consensus analysis by Karen King (Harvard), Roger Bagnall (NYU), and AnneMarie Luijendijk (Princeton) is not likely to be incorrect. (For example, many papyrologists would say that Roger Bagnall is the most well-respected papyrologist in the world, like a living library of the collected wisdom of the field.) With the added weight of linguist Ariel Shisha-Halevy (Hebrew Univ.), the initial assessments of the fragment are on very solid ground.Regarding the content of the fragment and how it might be situated in historical, literary, and theological context, King's forthcoming article is characteristically astute and balanced. The text deals with the "worthiness" of women to be "disciples," an issue which arises in other noncanonical literature of the 2nd-3rd centuries (e.g., Gospel of Mary and Gospel of Thomas). (A minor quibble with King's transcription on this point is that I do not see traces of a letter after the alpha that ends line 3, which is offered as a possible nu, thus rendering the sentence possibly negated. It's possible that the top layer of fibers have worn off there at the edge, which could only be judged by examining the papyrus in person.) In addition to the question of women's worthiness, the question of Jesus' origin with his mother is also already a subject of the Gospel of Thomas (logion 101), which may be a variation on the topic with which this fragment begins.
The new content, though, for scholars of early Christianity is the undeniable "my wife." The primary text to discuss wife / husband and bride / bridegroom similarly in the period under consideration is the fragmentary and tantalizing Gospel of Philip, a text usually affiliated with the Valentinian school of thought that developed out of Gnosticism. Imagery of Christ as Bridegroom is present in the New Testament, of course, but the Gospel of Philip significantly develops the theme. The symbol of the "bridal chamber" as a sacramental ritual or, more likely in my opinion, a synecdoche for the aggregate rituals of initiation (anointing, baptism, professions of fidelity, eucharistic feast) is best attested in the Gospel of Philip.One point on which I would like to hear King speak further is the issue of whether "wife" in this context is more likely to an unconsummated, spiritual marriage, such as those championed by ascetic literature from the same time period (especially Thomasine literature: Gospel of Thomas and Acts of Thomas). If the best kinds of "wife" and "husband" in these possibly related texts were those living celibately, then is it more likely that this new fragment uses "wife" in a spiritual sense?That would not diminish the interest of the fragment, since then the likely conclusion would be that Jesus was presented as living in a celibate, spiritual marriage with his "wife" as an "image" of the heavenly union of the Savior and Sophia (so Hans-Martin Schenke in his commentary on the Gospel of Philip, Das Philippus-Evangelium, 1997). Perhaps the "image" (eikon) mentioned in the last line of the fragment suggests such a reading.On the other hand, the fragment's initial defense of Jesus' mother, who gave him life, may be referring to his physical mother and not some spiritual, antemortal mother, and in that case, the fragment might be a flesh-and-body-affirming rejoinder to the ascetic and body-rejecting tendencies of many strains of early Christianity (e.g., Gospel of Thomas 101).What a day! More if and when we have it.
Commenting Guidelines
Mr. Peppard, thank you for this very good post. Two questions: Is it clear to you that the answer to the Was-Jesus-married question quoted above is actually the work of Karen King? She is referred to in the third person in a subsequent answer on the Harvard Divinity School page that is linked.The text quoted asserts that there is no reliable historical evidence to support the claim that Jesus was not married and points to the silence of the oldest evidence. Wouldn't the absence of any indication of a wife tend to suggest that there was no wife, given that the gospels and epistles are interested in questions about marriage, and more generally, that these earliest accounts present Jesus' life as a model. Why omit something so fundamental?
Hi Mr. Englert- I was actually wondering the opposite; if marriage is so fundamental, isn't it odd they don't address why Jesus was NOT married? Does the silence itself say anything?
If he had been married, our savior was one terrible spouse. He's never home, never talks about his day, never helps around the house, always out with the guys, puts his career first. "Jesus said to them, 'Take my wife . . . Please!'" I think I prefer the bride of Christ to be the people of God.
Michael,Good post. As in most things the follow-up is the key. If this item is dated in the fourth century, how does it indicate in any way that Jesus had a wife? Why only this piece. Why do we have so little data from this time whereas we have more from the time of Caesar and Cicero? Can you fill in the gaps or are we left with merely the fascination of this papyrus?
Good article on the front page of the NYT this morning with a good photograph by Karen King, who "is the first woman to hold the nation's oldest endowed chair, the Hollis professor of divinity."http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/19/us/historian-says-piece-of-papyrus-ref...
There are translations of words and phrases from the fragment by the picture. (I wonder what he meant by "an image".)------------not [to] me. My mother gave to me li[fe]The disciples said to Jesusdeny. Mary is worthy of itJesus said to them, My wife she will be able to be my discipleLet wicked people swell upAs for me, I dwell with her in order to an image
All this scholarship is fascinating, but i must admit my mind went to some of tghe same classsic references as James Englert's, troping Rodney Dangerfield... I think some cartoons in the edudite Biblical bulletins -- or at lest the New Yorker -- will fill the rest of the reference. "My wife...oy vey..."
As some have noted above, the Jewish culture valued marriage and children. Celibacy was very uncommon. It was one of the tasks of every Jewish family to find a wife for their son when he was between the ages of 17-20. Why would anybody even believe that Jesus was NOT married.Secondly, during his ministry, Jesus was referred to as "Rabbi". A Rabbi was married---not a celibate. St. Paul, in cautioning the early Christians about the End Times (which Paul believed would occur soon), tells them that they, yes can marry---but should prefer to be like him---Paul---unmarried. Paul used himself as the model---not Jesus.Jesus could very well have been a widower at the time he began his ministry, too.
As a frustrated paleographer, I found this post as interesting as anything can get in this life! If I had the money, Michael, you'd be on the first night plane to Cairo so you could could write back and tell us more. I hope Commonweal will continue to cover this interesting find.
Lots of interesting discussion offline this morning already, which I can report on later. But now I'll say that one of the pingbacks for this post contained an utterly shocking line: a blogger for the National Catholic Register concluded his post with:
But if you are looking for definitive proof that Jesus did not have a wife, I think I have it. Jesus is God, so he couldn't possibly have been that stupid.
Some family values! What a bizarre, misogynistic attempt at humor.
Agree, Michael.Reminds me of the little "jokes" that used to appear at the bottom of columns in newspapers. As a child I wondered why some men felt the need to mock women -- as gossips, as wasters of money (on hats, etc.). Trivializing, marginalizing, debasing women is important to weak and lazy men.(I was fortunate to have a dad who was half Quaker. Not afraid of women. He stood up at a PTA meeting in the early 50s to ask why our parochial school offered no sports for the girls. Got nowhere with that, of course.) If Jesus wasn't married, why would the neighbors in Mark 6 have been astonished at him?
David P -- as long as we're being erudite, I think the source attribution is Henny Youngman rather than Rodney Dangerfield. I remember as a kid, who loved jokes and joke books, I saw the cover of a Henny Youngman book with the famous line and a picture of the comedian with his violin. The joke completely escaped me, for many years. The complexities of a text!
I'm really not seeing the news value here. Jesus calls himself a bridegroom in every single Gospel.
"I was fortunate to have a dad who was half Quaker."I take it this means that one of his parents was Quaker? :-)
thank ylou, James...Henny Youngman it is! You are right, of course! "I don't get no respect..."
"I have the hat already. And I can get the whip on the way to the airport."Ooh! I want to be the fellow in Cairo with all the children who sings the snatches of Gilbert and Sullivan! I can grow a beard, and my physique seems to be "rounding" into form. Although, inasmuch as that actor also played Gimli the Dwarf, I may be too tall ...
An isolated image of a few dozen whole and partial old words and the absence of a "FACT:" page like Dan Brown's makes me wonder if the Copts might have had their Aristophanes.
I take it this means that one of his parents was Quaker? :-)Yes, although now that I think of it, he was actually three-fourths Quaker. (Three of his four grandparents were Quakers.) ----I was surprised that Karen King mentioned Dan Brown. (For those who wonder if he plagiarized the book, read the chapter in Wordcrime. See what you think.) http://www.amazon.com/Wordcrime-Solving-Through-Forensic-Linguistics/dp/...
I've always found it odd that the Gospels never mention Jesus' marital status. It would have been unusual for a man of Jesus' age during that time to be unmarried, and both sides of the spectrum--whether he was or wasn't married--are rather important details, both of which are left out. You'd have to think there would have been some buzz about why this Jesus of Nazareth was flying solo, and as Karen King says, it's about "150 years after Jesus died before the question is raised if Jesus had a wife or not" (youtube video released by HDS). Makes me wonder...maybe silence is the loudest kind of noise.
BTW, Bill Donohue weighs in (it's what he does) and berates Karen King a bit too much (it's what he does):http://www.catholicleague.org/inventing-jesus-wife/But Bill said this as a point against King:
"King is known for her fertile imagination. For example, she previously claimed that Mary Magdalene was one of the apostles."
But isn't the Magdalene by tradition known as the Apostle to the Apostles since she brought news of the Resurrection to the others? It has always seemed to me a problematic formulation since it opens a door that officialdom wants to keep close, even if the title were intended in a more ceremonial rather than literal way.
John D'Olimpio: On the point of it being unusual that Jesus was not married -- well, that's not the case. Plenty of Jewish men were not married, and especially devout men like those associated with the Essenes were not married. Jewish scholars like Amy-Jill Levine make this point well. The presumption that he would have been married is again largely about bringing our modern days perspectives to an ancient culture. Again, this isn't proof that he wasn't married. But it's not surpassingly strange at all if he wasn't.
(David, there's a misspelled word in the headline of your new thread.)There were not plenty of Jewish men who were not married, and Jesus was not associated with or interested in the Essenes. (As Amy-Jill Levine makes clear.)Paul's inability to find a wife may have been due to a physical issue, the thorn in the flesh thing he mentioned. (Maybe some male bit was missing, or ambiguous.)
Gerelyn, I saw your reference in another thread to my comment as being misogynistic and coarse. What I thought I was doing was offering a caricature of the picture of Jesus that would emerge from the NT accounts if he had been married. Its a picture that to me doesnt make sense, and I hoped the language I used would indicate the anachronistic note in the endeavor to remake the Jesus of the NT. So Ill give you the coarse though I think broad or sophomoric might be closer. Have to reject the charge of misogyny, at least as betrayed in the comment, but will continue to evaluate the state of my psyche.
For all his orthodoxy, Bill Donohue should look to the "newadvent.org" website and discover that its article on "Mary Magdalene, Saint" describes her as "the Apostle to the Apostles". The original entry appeared in a volume with Imprimatur of October 1, 1910!Well before Vatican II :-)
...and well before baby Donohue arrived on the scene?
Thank you, Joseph! And I do believe that Pope John Paul II also approved and stressed the idea that Mary Magdalene was the "Apostle to the Apostles".As far as Bill Donohue is concerned---he probably learned his religion from a catechism that Pope Pio Nono wrote.
I think that calling Mary Magdalene the apostola apostolorum goes back a long way, but have no idea how far back.As for unmarried Jewish men, how many of the prophets, major and minor, were married? (Amos and Hosea; are there others? and isn't there a theory that Hosea's wife is more metaphorical than flesh and blood? (and, of course, there were some Jewish men who rather overdid marriage, at least from the one-man-and-one-woman point of view). I thought NPR this morning did a pretty good unsensational job on the story, rather better than the BBC America morning news. Neither of them seemed to mention that priestly celibacy for all doesn't go back to Christianity's first millenium (I think I've got that right); and none of them mentioned Peter's mother-in-law, or speculated about his wife. I wonder if the BBC knows that the first pope was a married man.
Gerelyn, I saw your reference in another thread to my comment as being misogynistic and coarse. What I thought I was doing was offering a caricature of the picture of Jesus that would emerge from the NT accounts if he had been married. Its a picture that to me doesnt make sense, and I hoped the language I used would indicate the anachronistic note in the endeavor to remake the Jesus of the NT. So Ill give you the coarse though I think broad or sophomoric might be closer. Have to reject the charge of misogyny, at least as betrayed in the comment, but will continue to evaluate the state of my psyche.>---------Hi, James! (Your comments seemed dated -- geezerish -- to me. I was surprised to see your picture at your firm's web site. You're not a geezer at all.)
So I guess the real question isn't whether or not Jesus was married, but why are the Gospels completely silent on the subject. From what others say here it seems like the existence of a wife would have been mentioned and the lack of one would have been explained. Would those kind of references have once been in the Gospels and maybe edited along the way?
"Pauls inability to find a wife may have been due to a physical issue, the thorn in the flesh thing he mentioned. (Maybe some male bit was missing, or ambiguous.)"Gerelyn!!Now this is nasty. Or do you know something that we don't?
Hi, Bill:Why is it nasty? In a culture where all men married, the one who did not marry mentioned a thorn in his flesh.I think it's strange NOT to wonder if there was some connection. (Maybe an accident at his circumcision.)I've heard some speculate that he was epileptic, that the vision on the road to Damascus was typical of epileptic seizures. What I think is nasty is the surge of woman-hate that this little bit of papyrus has unleashed. I would think women and men would prefer a married Jesus. No one has a problem with his other human activities: being circumcized, being redeemed, studying Torah, learning a trade, learning to swim, wine bibbing, sleeping, eating with sinners, dancing at his siblings' weddings, etc., etc., etc.
Gerelyn, how embar(r)assing! Thanks. Re Mary mags, I know there was a medieval tradition (she was big, as we say, back then, well before Dan Brown) that Jesus appeared to the Magdalene, the women, first, because women would of course blab to everyone so the word would get out that way. Yes, I know...But nice that women were considered the best evangelists. Then again, their testimony would not have been allowed in a law court.
If Jesus were married, I do hope it wasn't to Mary Magdalene. I like to think of her as a religious leader in her own right, not one by marriage. (Like Hillary the US Senator and Secy of State has more cred than did Hillary the wife of Bill)
Jesus must have been married.I mean, Look at all his progeny!All our baby bishops doing Papa's bidding :-)
Michael P. -- Cairo of all places is not a recommended destination this week on a matter of fundamental religious importance and sensitivity, given the way the winds are blowing there. Living Copts are already deeply entangled in lethal conflict over absolute certitudes and are unlikely to have much time to help with paleospeculation on another one. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/andrew-p-klager-phd/in-haste-is-regret-in-...
My favorite snippet of the NY Times article:"The owner took the fragment to the Divinity School in December 2011 and left it with Dr. King. In March, she carried the fragment in her red handbag to New York to show it to two papyrologists: Roger Bagnall, director of the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, at New York University, and AnneMarie Luijendijk, an associate professor of religion at Princeton University."That she carried it in her handbag injects the human interest element. That the bag was red is the sort of detail that discriminating and fashion-forward NY Times subscribers need to know.
There are some who are questioning the authenticity of the papyrus following the disclosure that the symbols immediately following "my wife" are the Coptic equivalent of a parenthetical statement that may be rendered in English something along the lines of "see photo, top right."
David Gibson: Thanks for the response. There seems to be conflicting opinions in this thread regarding the frequency of Jewish marriages--I'll have to look this up more, and give a close read through of Amy-Jill Levine's piece. I was always of the mindset that marriage was common in antiquity, and was not uncommon for rabbis.Still, the fact that Jesus' marital status was never mentioned in scripture presents an interesting omission More to come later...
Gerelyn, I am with you on the misogyny problem in the church. But does it have to extend to everything? Celibacy is not evil in itself and the misplaced value on it has more to do with the stoic influence brought into the church by the Gregory, Basil, Ambrose , Augustine etc. Paul had no problem with marriage. He just recommended the practical solution to an intense life of preaching. And no one had as many women friends as Paul. To question the marriage of Jesus does not make one anti-woman. Your voice is needed because accepting women as being as valuable as men is still not accepted. But to be as inflexible as you seem to be is just as bad as those who see all morality through the prism of abortion.
Will Rogers once said: "All I know is what I read in the papers." I can't remember when I read something in the NY Times that made me smile as much as I did this morning.With all the careful caveats that Karen King rightly injects into this story, I am elated at the prospects of rescuing the discussion of the role of women and marriage in Christianity away from sole purview of Catholic celibate hierarchs.As King indicates, just like there was a strong debate about women's roles and marriage in the primitive Christian church, that debate should be renewed for 21st century Christians. Perhaps, on careful examination, Christians will conclude that looking back, orthodoxy got it wrong.This debate has the potential for a great renewal of faith and practice for the church going forward. If Christians can begin to re-image God for a new millennium consistent with their primitive origins, the Catholic Church may find a way out of the abyss into which it has of late fallen.Mythologist Joseph Campbell once said that the great task or quest for post-modern humans is to re-image God in such a way as to unify the feminine and masculine. Campbell believed that the photograph of "Earthrise" over the lunar landscape by Apollo astronauts was the first meaningful re-imaging of God in centuries. Within the frame of the astronaut's camera, all of humanity was captured [save the photographer] clinging to our MOTHER EARTH.Perhaps, Karen King with this papyrus fragment is just beginning to open a window into new Christian mythology.
While this find is far from a smoking gun in the case of a possible Mrs. Jesus, I think one of the most important effects of this discovery are the debates, and dialogues evident in this thread and others, about the role of women and marriage in early Christianity. Also, it has sparked discussion not only between academics, but between friends and family of mine, broadening the context of their arguments beyond a certain Dan Brown novel. That's always good!Karen King is very careful not to look too much into what this fragment means, but at the very least it shows there were Christian communities in the 2nd C. who believed Jesus had a wife, which would correspond to followers of Clement of Alexandria, who during the same period, believed Jesus did NOT have a wife--a stance which would later adhere to the traditional Christian narrative. As Prof King says in her HDS writeup: "This gospel fragment provides a reason to reconsider what we thought we knew by asking what role claims about Jesus's marital status played historically in early Christian controversies over marriage, celibacy, and family." If this find will help us re-evaluate, and expand on our knowledge of early Christian views of the family and marriage, I believe that is more significant than theorizing if Jesus had a wife--a question I feel cannot be answered adequately just yet (if ever).
Jim Jenkins, I applaud your impulse to read this as a constructive way to open debates about the role of women, and to reimagine some accepted views. But as with the Da Vinci Code saga, I am not sure how far this gets us. The woman in this case, as Mary Magdalene in the DVC, is only important insofar as she is Jesus' wife -- the traditional First Lady role, at best. That doesn't seem to reenvision as much as reiterate traditional gender roles, and solidify the value of a woman as contingent upon the man she is with. I'm with Jean Raber, who commented on another thread that she hopes Mary Mags wasn't married, and not to Jesus. She's pretty cool on her own.
If Jesus were married and had children, might this have other implications? If one holds that he was both human and divine, did he pass some of his divinity on to his children? I don't think that is a completely silly question. I have to say I am amazed how excited people get over something as novel as this. I think this discovery has a lot more to say about marriage and celibacy in the early years of the Church which of course has implications even today.
David, I don't know where you and Jean (?) get the idea that the papyrus is about Mary Magdalene. As we know, there were MANY women named Mary around Jesus. I've seen a good case made that Jesus was not married, but was betrothed to Mary of Bethany. There were various Marys at the foot of the cross. And some make the weird claim that Mary his mother had a sister named Mary. Etc. ----------- Bill M.: So what if I'm inflexible? (An unattractive trait for a woman?) My comments about Jesus and his wife will not change anyone's mind. To pretend to believe what I don't believe would be disrespectful to Jesus and his wife, to their parents, and to all the professors, scholars, authors, etc. who have influenced/formed my thinking. No comparison to abortion. Real people (women) are affected by the abortion battles. No one is affected by the word "wife" on a scrap of papyrus. What if it said Zeus didn't really cheat on Hera? Would anyone care?
That the Magdalene was "an apostle to the apostles" is found in Aquinas's commentary oln John. It surely is older than that.
In logical language the problem is one of reference. Does "My wife" refer to a li534ql wife or the Church? And what are the referents of the other nouns and pronouns in the rest of the text? Because the text in between is missing, there is simply no way of being at all sure.It is obvious that the little piece of papyrus was very carefully removed from a larger piece. It was not roughly torn out. It seems to me that if the larger text from which the little one was taken was clearly about a literal wife, then it would have been much, much more valuable, and the person selling the text would have included those parts. Since he cut out what would settle the matter, I'm inclned to think that the original did not include parts referring to an actual wife of JEsus.Then there is the whole question of why nobody else includes such a reference. That to me is against all the odds if He really had a wife.
I wouldn't fault the BBC for not knowing that Peter was married. Even the Vatican seems unaware of the fact.
"That the Magdalene was an apostle to the apostles is found in Aquinass commentary oln John. It surely is older than that."True. This clearly shows how the forces of patriarchy were so strong that strong truths about women were just shelved into oblivion.
Benedict XVI in a talk on "Women at the service of the Gospel" named and praised many "female figures who played an effective and precious role in spreading the Gospel". He noted the Aquinas-Magdalene link without explaining what made Aquinas's comment beautiful to him: "It was precisely to Mary Magdalene that St Thomas Aquinas reserved the special title, 'Apostle of the Apostles' (apostolorum apostola), dedicating to her this beautiful comment: 'Just as a woman had announced the words of death to the first man, so also a woman was the first to announce to the Apostles the words of life' (Super Ioannem, ed. Cai, 2519)." http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2007/documents/... His talk strikes me as an exceptionally earnest effort to persuade some invisible critic(s) that women really have been valued and important in Christianity in spite of what some may claim or suspect.
About the Author
Michael Peppard is assistant professor of theology at Fordham University, author of The Son of God in the Roman World, and on Twitter @MichaelPeppard.


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Thursday, May 9, 2013
With a pair of sisters leading the way Wednesday, South Aiken handed Ashley Ridge its fourth and final loss of the season.
The Thoroughbreds defeated Ashley Ridge 5-1 in the second round of the Class AAAA girls' soccer playoffs. South Aiken (19-2-1) advances to the third round to host Wando (17-1-1) Friday while Ashley Ridge (14-4) was eliminated from the playoffs.
"South Aiken plays top-ranked opponents all year long so I think they were probably a little bit more prepared for this game," Ashley Ridge coach Mark Weaver said. "There are three other Top 15 teams in their region and that showed tonight. Also they were a little more physical than us but in our fifth year I can't say enough about the way our girls played. That we can play with a team like South Aiken shows how much this team has grown."
Senior Alania Gay and freshman Miranda Gay scored two goals each for South Aiken and Jessica Schifer scored her 40th goal of the season and added two assists. The lone Ashley Ridge goal was scored by sophomore Amelia Clower.
South Aiken didn't have to work that hard to take a 2-0 lead in the first 10 minutes of play.
The Thoroughbreds sent a ball toward the Ashley Ridge goal that looked like a cross but it curved over the heads of the Swamp Fox defenders and into the goal. Less than two minutes later a Swamp Fox defender collided with a driving South Aiken player just inside the penalty box. The center official awarded a penalty kick that Schifer hit for the 2-0 lead.
South Aiken added two more goals to take a 4-0 advantage into the half.
"The tone was set when they scored those early goals," Weaver said. "None of them were just amazing goals or anything, they just found the back of the net and that is the thing about South Aiken is they take advantage of their opportunities. You can't let a good team get up on you like we did tonight but our girls came out in the second half and played them to a 1-1 tie so I'm proud of them for that. They came out and played good soccer."
Freshman Swamp Fox keeper Allyson Manns had a dozen saves on the night but South Aiken starter Morgan Jara didn't yield a single goal. It wasn't until after Jara was pulled that Ashley Ridge scored.
Clower charged the goal with just under seven minutes remaining and put a ball into the left corner of the net to put the Swamp Foxes on the score board.
Ashley Ridge did create other scoring opportunities. The team was awarded multiple corner kicks and had multiple shots sail either wide or high.
In the first half Cassidy Govan put a shot into the net but the play drew an offside call. In the second half Sara Goodwin sank a shot but that play also drew an offside call.
All of the Swamp Foxes' losses this season came to quality opponents – Wando, West Ashley, James Island Charter School and South Aiken.
"The three losses we had in 4-A were all to Top 15 teams," Weaver said. "You can't hang your hat on something like that but I think as a young program coming up we are ready to take that next step. We had an amazing season. To win the region the way we did and play as hard as we did all season, I think we are ready to spring board off that."
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Wednesday, November 27, 2013
The 2013 Atlantic hurricane season, which officially ends on Saturday, Nov. 30, had the fewest number of hurricanes since 1982, thanks in large part to persistent, unfavorable atmospheric conditions over the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and tropical Atlantic Ocean. This year is expected to rank as the sixth-least-active Atlantic hurricane season since 1950, in terms of the collective strength and duration of named storms and hurricanes.
"A combination of conditions acted to offset several climate patterns that historically have produced active hurricane seasons," said Gerry Bell, Ph.D., lead seasonal hurricane forecaster at NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, a division of the National Weather Service. "As a result, we did not see the large numbers of hurricanes that typically accompany these climate patterns."
Thirteen named storms formed in the Atlantic basin this year. Two, Ingrid and Humberto, became hurricanes, but neither became major hurricanes. Although the number of named storms was above the average of 12, the numbers of hurricanes and major hurricanes were well below their averages of six and three, respectively. Major hurricanes are categories 3 and above.
Tropical storm Andrea, the first of the season, was the only named storm to make landfall in the United States this year. Andrea brought tornadoes, heavy rain, and minor flooding to portions of Florida, eastern Georgia and eastern South Carolina, causing one fatality.
The 2013 hurricane season was only the third below-normal season in the last 19 years, since 1995, when the current high-activity era for Atlantic hurricanes began.
"This unexpectedly low activity is linked to an unpredictable atmospheric pattern that prevented the growth of storms by producing exceptionally dry, sinking air and strong vertical wind shear in much of the main hurricane formation region, which spans the tropical Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea," said Bell. "Also detrimental to some tropical cyclones this year were several strong outbreaks of dry and stable air that originated over Africa."
Unlike the U.S., which was largely spared this year, Mexico was battered by eight storms, including three from the Atlantic basin and five from the eastern North Pacific. Of these eight landfalling systems, five struck as tropical storms and three as hurricanes.
NOAA and the U.S. Air Force Reserve flew 45 hurricane hunter aircraft reconnaissance missions over the Atlantic basin this season, totaling 435 hours - the fewest number of flight hours since at least 1966.
NOAA will issue its 2014 Atlantic Hurricane Outlook in late May, prior to the start of the season on June 1.
NOAA's National Weather Service is the primary source of weather data, forecasts and warnings for the United States and its territories. NOAA's National Weather Service operates the most advanced weather and flood warning and forecast system in the world, helping to protect lives and property and enhance the national economy. Working with partners, NOAA's National Weather Service is building a Weather-Ready Nation to support community resilience in the face of increasing vulnerability to extreme weather. Visit the agency online at weather.gov and on Facebook.
NOAA's mission is to understand and predict changes in the Earth's environment, from the depths of the ocean to the surface of the sun, and to conserve and manage our coastal and marine resources.
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Paul Dumas, QED Technologies, Inc., USA
Sunday, 22 June, 17:00 -20:00
Course Level
Advanced Beginner
Course Description
This course provides an overview of how aspheric surfaces are designed, manufactured, and measured. The primary goal of this course is to teach how to determine whether a particular aspheric surface design will be difficult to make and/or test. This will facilitate cost/performance trade off discussions between designers, fabricators, and metrologists.
We will begin with a discussion of what an asphere is and how they benefit optical designs. Next we will explain various asphere geometry characteristics, especially how to evaluate local curvature plots. We will also review flaws of the standard polynomial representation, and how the Forbes polynomials can simplify asphere analysis. Then we will discuss how various specifications (such as figure error and local slope) can influence the difficulty of manufacturing an asphere. Optical assembly tolerances, however, are beyond the scope of this course - we will focus on individual elements (lenses / mirrors).
The latter half of the course will focus on the more common technologies used to generate, polish, and/or measure aspheric surfaces (e.g. diamond turning, glass molding, pad polishing, interferometry). We'll give an overview of a few generic manufacturing processes (e.g. generate-polish-measure). Then we'll review the main strengths and weaknesses of each technology in the context of cost-effective asphere manufacturing.
Benefits and Learning Objectives
This course will enable you to:
This course is designed to give the optical engineer or lens designer an introduction to the technologies and techniques of optical materials, fabrication and testing. This knowledge will help the optical engineer understand which optical specifications/tolerances lead to more cost effective optical components. Topics covered include optical materials, traditional, CNC and novel optical fabrication technologies, surface testing and fabrication tolerances.
Benefits and Learning Objectives
This course will enable you to:


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Nothing but grace
Joseph A. Komonchak December 25, 2013 - 9:31am
Wake up! For you God was made man! "Arise, you who sleep, and rise from the dead, and Christ shall enlighten you" (Eph 5:14). For you, I say, God was made man. You would have been dead for eternity if he had not been born in time. You would never have been freed from sinful flesh if he had not taken on the likeness of sinful flesh (see Rm 8:3). Endless misery [miseria] would have possessed you if this mercy [misericordia] had not been accomplished. You would not have come back to life if he had not taken on your death. You would have faded away if he had not healed you. You would have perished if he had not come. ....
What greater grace of God could shine upon us than this: that, having an only Son, God should make Him a son of man and that in turn He should make a son of man a son of God. Look for some merit; look for a reason; look for the justice: and see whether you find anything but grace. (St. Augustine, Sermon 185, 1 and 3; PL 38, 998, 999)
Commenting Guidelines
Paul IV, Carafa, one of the very worst popes and one of the most influential, edicted in 1555 that since the Jews were punished by God with eternal slavery he would follow the noble example of the Venitians and ensure they were safely locked up in ghettos. The DistinctiveSign was one of the most sinister aspects of the persecution of Jews, since it exposed them to danger, and it was one of the aspects carefully imitated by Mr Hitler. Hans Kung has written abundantly and indignantly on this, bless his heart.
If there is any truth in Arendt's notorious claims about the Jews going meekly to their slaughter, shepherded by their community leaders (topic of a recent tendentious movie), then it was perhaps the centuries of discipline imposed on the Jews in the ghettos that facilitated this. Standing in the Ur-Ghetto in Venice one feels the terror of history: the deep dark gullies in which Jews lived, herded up together in cramped space and locked up at night , speak of segregration, discrimination, refusal to recognize the full humanity of Jews -- all of which brewed up something still more monstrously evil.
It is no defense of ghettoes to point out that a ghetto is not an extermination-camp, and I do not think that the one should be elided into the other.
I thought it was a very nice Christmas message that started this thread.
Beginning of Cum nimis absurdum: (Good fodder for triumphal Catholics.)
Laws and ordinances to be followed by Jews living in the Holy See [decreed by the] Bishop [of Rome, the Pope] Paul, servant of the servants of God, for future recollection.
Since it is completely senseless and inappropriate to be in a situation where Christian piety allows the Jews (whose guilt—all of their own doing—has condemned them to eternal slavery) access to our society and even to live among us; indeed, they are without gratitude to Christians, as, instead of thanks for gracious treatment, they return invective, and among themselves, instead of the slavery, which they deserve, they manage to claim superiority: we, who recently learned that these very Jews have insolently invaded Rome from a number of the Papal States, territories and domains, to the extent that not only have they mingled with Christians (even when close to their churches) and wearing no identifying garments, but to dwell in homes, indeed, even in the more noble [dwellings] of the states, territories and domains in which they lingered, conducting business from their houses and in the streets and dealing in real estate; they even have nurses and housemaids and other Christians as hired servants. And they would dare to perpetrate a wide variety of other dishonorable things, contemptuous of the [very] name Christian. Considering that the Church of Rome tolerates these very Jews (evidence of the true Christian faith) and to this end [we declare]: that they, won over by the piety and kindness of the See, should at long last recognize their erroneous ways, and should lose no time in seeing the true light of the catholic faith, and thus to agree that while they persist in their errors, realizing that they are slaves because of their deeds, whereas Christians have been freed through our Lord God Jesus Christ, and that it is unwarranted for it to appear that the sons of free women serve the sons of maids
I don't think it can be seriously maintained any longer that the ghetto system, whether in Venice of Rome, Warsaw or Cracow, was one of the historical roots of Auschwitz. It is not a matter of identify or eliding but of tracing historical causalities. The modern tragedy that has scarred the conscience of humankind began back then.
Correction: was NOT one of the historical roots
I don't think it can be seriously maintained any longer...
On the contrary, I can seriously maintain it.
Fr. O'Leary: Your latest claim is: "I don't think it can be seriously maintained any longer that the ghetto system, whether in Venice of Rome, Warsaw or Cracow, was [not] one of the historical roots of Auschwitz."
Your earlier claim, to which I objected, was: "Auschwitz was brewed up in the ghettos of the Papal States."
These are not the same claim.
Abe and Bill: Does "Cum nimis absurdum" propose building and operating gas chambers? If so, you haven't sent us the quote.
To repeat: A ghetto is not an extermination camp, and to suggest that they are equivalent is to demean the horror of the extermination camps and to excuse oneself from the labor of trying to understand what happened that the Nazis went from one to the other.
To be aware of the difference between a ghetto and an extermination camp, read Milosz' great poem Campo dei Fiori about th burning of the Warsaw ghetto. There's plenty of guilt to go around.
And the hatred fomented/legislated for centuries was not satiated by the shoah, as we see today in Belgium, Hungary, etc. and on Catholic blogs.
Deacon Sciolino's book, published yesterday on the Feast of the Holy Innocents, is dedicated to the 1.5 million children murdered in the Holocaust.
The Holocaust, the Church, and the Law of Unintended Consequences : How Christian Anti-Judaism Spawned Nazi Anti-Semitism
(The picture on the cover is chilling.)
From the Anthony J. Sciolino page:
Anthony J. Sciolino is a retired Monroe County (New York) Family Court judge, a former member of the Rochester City Council, a graduate of Columbia College and Cornell Law School. He is also an ordained Roman Catholic permanent deacon, with a master's degree in theology from St. Bernard's School of Theology and Ministry.
Judge and his wife Gloria live in the Rochester New York suburb of Pittsford, where in addition to serving in jail ministry, he continues to work as an instructor in an interfaith adult study program entitled, "The Two Thousand Year Road to the Holocaust: An Interfaith Project of the Greater Rochester Community." They are the parents of an adult daughter, Kate.
His book has been awarded a 2013 Independent Publisher Book Award - A Silver Medal in World History.
(A year ago yesterday.)
I suggest that Pius IV and the millions of Catholics who swallowed his Kook-Aid was obviously one of the causal factors leading to Auschwitz (and I do not consider Mark Proska's denial of this to be the fruit of serious reflection). Fr Komonchak agrees, but quarrels with the expression "brewed up". I hope we are not into Duck Dynasty land here, with claims that just as blacks were happy in slavery playing their banjos so Jews enjoyed the ghetto servitude under the Church's benign protection.
OK, Fr Komonchak, instead of "brewed up" let's say "spawned" or "fueled".
"Rage will kindle at the poet's word" (Milosz), but the rage was felt by many decent people over the centuries, and the church turned a deaf ear to them.
Although the Venetian treatment of Jews can be described as a persecution, they fled to Venice from worse place, such as the Papal States. I admire Paolo Sarpi (the "great unmasked of the Trentine council", Milton) for the efficacity and attention with which he ensured that university degreees could be secured by Jews without having to beg papal recognition and that Jewish children forcibly baptized would not be taken away from their parents (a loathsome practice personally enacted by Pius IX who used to hide his little Jewish adoptee under his papal cloak). The Venetians pretended they could find no evidence that such children had been baptized. They were also very clever at being unable to find evidence of heresy, and when it happened that a heretic was condemned, the Doge would somehow forget to sign the required document. Resistance to all that was wrong with the Church of the Inquisition and its antisemitism was unfortunately a rarity in the Catholic world.
Since this is the thread about Christmas, let me insert a tradition I only just learned about: when coming back from midnight Mass on Christmas night my grandfather, like the other farmers in his area, would go to the stable and gave the cattle an extra feeding, in the middle of the night, as a Christmas present. Even the cattle celebrated Christmas!
Some moderator should edit or delete Abe's comment Dec 29 8:51pm. It is not ok.
Abe --
Did you lose close family in the Holocaust?
Let what you say be simply 'Yes' or 'No'; anything more than this comes from evil.
Fr. O'Leary—
While it would have been fair of you to challenge me to make my case, imputing the weakest possible interpretation to an opposing view betrays a lack of confidence in one's own view. I have denied nothing; I have disagreed with you. I believe you make the same mistake in advancing the idea that the ghetto is responsible for the Holocaust. I can concede that, since the Fall, every bad thing man does has unimaginably bad consequences as it ripples through the fabric of the human condition. (How's that for serious reflection?) So, in some cosmological sense, the Bull Abe cited plays a role, especially since it related to the Jews. But you seem so intent on blaming the "institutional" Church wherever possible, your comments lose their punch. I would suggest taking closer aim before you fire—scatter shot is not convincing, and aids the Evil One as it diverts our attention away from where and how he does his best work.
Claire, once again, is correct. The editors of Commonweal have been put to the test.
Let what you say be simply 'Yes' or 'No'; anything more than this comes from evil.
Fr. O'Leary—
While it would have been fair of you to challenge me to make my case, imputing the weakest possible interpretation to an opposing view betrays a lack of confidence in one's own view. I have denied nothing; I have disagreed with you. I believe you make the same mistake in advancing the idea that the ghetto is responsible for the Holocaust. I can concede that, since the Fall, every bad thing man does has unimaginably bad consequences as it ripples through the fabric of the human condition. (How's that for serious reflection?) So, in some cosmological sense, the Bull Abe cited plays a role, especially since it related to the Jews. But you seem so intent on blaming the "institutional" Church wherever possible, your comments lose their punch. I would suggest taking closer aim before you fire—scatter shot is not convincing, and aids the Evil One as it diverts our attention away from where and how he does his best work.
Claire, once again, is correct. The editors of Commonweal have been put to the test.
Sorry, got one of those "you are inhuman" messages and my comment was double posted (not that it's not worth reading twice).
Why am I reminded of the IRA's mantra, "of course we regard every death as a tragedy, and no doubt in our armed struggle mistakes were made"...? The Bull is only the tip of an iceberg, and it made that iceberg bigger and more enduring. Would antisemitism have attained such proportions without 2000 years of our teaching of contempt? Of course not. And Paul IV just gives his usual blunt, dogmatic, and nasty expression to that theological contempt, which translated immediately into persecution. Oh, we so regret such wickedness, it's the fault of fallen nature, etc etc. Not so at all -- we are dealing with a clearly identifiable MAJOR causal factor that cannot be whisked away. History is not a sort of dark room where no rules of cause and effect apply, or only the sort of rules that would apply in a buzzing chaos of erring particles. Your attempt to reduce the issue to a case of universal evil confirms that you have not reflected seriously on it.
Now I am one who "blames the institutional church on every occasion" whereas I am portrayed elsewhere on this site as a clericalist toady who defends the institution on every occasion. Again this is exactly the sort of tactic followed by Sinn Fein terrorist sympathizers. Any criticism becomes a symptom to being a "West Briton"!
So now Abe Rosenzwig had "put the editors of Commonweal to the test"? By expressing his perfectly justified outrage? I have heard enough Catholics, even an archbishop, sneering about "angry Jews" and "Catholic masochists" who bend over backwards to apologize to them to regard your comment with extreme disfavor.
Agree, Joseph O'Leary.
Claire, it's always interesting to see what you consider "ok".
Gerelyn, it's an ad hominem if I ever saw one.
Your comment will likely be edited or deleted if it includes ad hominem attacks; is off-topic; contains inappropriate or offensive language, advertising, copyrighted material, or suspicious information.
Fr. O'Leary—
A teacher once told me to be wary of arguments made with words like "clearly," "of course" and, most especially, words so small in effect that they needed to be capitalized to be heard at all. He termed it "proof by intimidation," and believed it to be evidence of someone lacking confidence in the rightness of their viewt.
I am sorry to hear you regard one of my comments with extreme disfavor. Nevertheless, I believe that to treat any person, or any group of people, as unworthy of correction is to treat them as sub-human. We do them no favor to pass by on the other side of the road.
I suppose you would equally object if I said that the theory of evolution is clearly correct, or that slavery was clearly bad, or that of course JFK was assassinated? This dancing around pins is trollism.
We cannot talk enough about the official church's treatment of the Jews. Thank God we have made tremendous progress since Vatican II. But there is no question that much remains to be done to increase awareness of what Christians have done, before, during and after the Holocaust. We cannot at all condone the past (or present treatment). Yet Vatican II gave us a lot to build on in the future.
You could defend your "argument" if better if you listed the books on the history of antisemitism or of Christian anti-Judaism, which morphed into antisemitism, that you have read, with some comment on your assessment of said books.
I agree Bill, having been nauseated by antisemitic gibberish spewing from Catholic mouths, and by the complacency of so many who want to think the whold issue is past history and fully resolved.
Nostra Aetate par. 4 is a rare conciliar text in that it quotes no preceding magisterial documents but goes right back to Romans 9-11 in search of the right things to say about Judaism. There are some fine follow up documents from the Vatican, which are not as well known as they should be and not much used in Catholic preaching.
Here is a resume of Nostra Aetate 4 by Dermot Lane:
· that 'in God's plan of salvation, the beginning of her [the Church's] faith and election is to be found in the patriarchs, Moses and the prophets';
· that 'the apostles, pillars on which the Church stands, are of Jewish descent, as are many of those early disciples who proclaimed the Gospel of Christ to the world';
· that the Jews remain very dear to God since 'God does not take back the gifts he bestowed or the choice he made';
· that mutual knowledge and esteem should be promoted through biblical and theological studies and fraternal discussions;
· that 'neither all Jews indiscriminately at that time, nor Jews today, can be charged with crimes committed during his passion';
· that 'the Jews should not be spoken of as rejected or accursed as if this followed from holy Scripture';
· that the Church 'deplores all hatreds, persecutions, displays of anti-Semitism levelled at any time or from any source against the Jews.'
At any time or from any source refers also to the Catholic persecution of Jews.
The Pontifical Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews issued Guidelines and Suggestions for implementing the Conciliar Declaration 'Nostra Aetate' (n.4) in 1974, Notes on the correct way to present the Jews and Judaism in preaching and catechesis in 1985, and We Remember: A Reflection on the Shoah in 1998. The Pontifical Biblical Commission contributed The Jewish People and their Sacred Scriptures in the Christian Bible in 2001. Papal gestures such as John Paul II's visits to the Synagogues in Mainz (1980) and Rome (1986), and his placing of a prayer for forgiveness at the Western Wall in 2000, have underscored the message of these documents. There have been ongoing biblical and theological conversations between Jews and Catholics as recommended by the Council, resulting in statements such as 'Dabru Emet' (2002) from the Jewish side, and the Christian response 'A Sacred Obligation' (2002).
But all of this is very, very little.
The Church's attempts to appease the SSPX were strange. The most superficial examination of the various websites of their schools and churches revealed stuff that no normal person, whether Christian, Jewish, Muslim, atheist, etc. would want anything to do with. (Neo-Nazi, neo-Confederate, Holocaust denial, etc., etc., etc.)
Where does that effort stand now, under Francis?
And something occurred to me that I hadn't thought of before. I wonder if one of the underlying reasons for the investigation of American nuns was their early (1960s) recognition of the anti-semitism so prevalent in the Catholic Church. There are members of the hierarchy old enough to remember and resent the dissertations, etc., written by nuns examining anti-semitic references in textbooks, etc.
See, e.g., The New Nuns: Racial Justice and Religious Reform in the 1960s, by Amy L. Hoehlinger, Harvard University Press, 2007. (Notice the sign carried by the first nun in the line on the cover.)
I suppose you would equally object if I said that…slavery was clearly bad,…
But, Father, that's the point now, isn't it? You would never feel the need to say that "slavery was clearly bad" precisely because it's clear that it is.
Not at all clear to Cardinal Avery Dulles, who would probably use the same troll antics if I used "clearly" in an argument with him.
On a substantive point, the article (book chapter) by Dermot A. Lane, republished in December's Japan Mission Journal, takes the story of Jewish-Christian Dialogue up to Benedict XVI, who figures in it as a regressive figure, reversing John Paul II's rejection of a Christian mission to Jews. I want him to continue with Francis, who has a book long dialogue with a Jewish rabbi.
About the Author
Rev. Joseph A. Komonchak, professor emeritus of the School of Theology and Religious Studies at the Catholic University of America, is a retired priest of the Archdiocese of New York.


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Archives & Special Collections
The mission of the SPSU Archives & Special Collections is to collect, arrange, describe, preserve, and provide access to records and materials that document Southern Polytechnic's history, and to provide students, faculty, and staff with a space to use rare or fragile research materials.
The Archives & Special Collections department is located on the second floor of the
L.V. Johnson Library. From the main floor of the library, go up the ramp towards the
Reference Collective/Hive Computer Lab and take the stairs or the elevator to the
second floor. Archives & Special Collections will be to your right at the southwestern
end of the building in Suite 263 (library map).
Archives and Special Collections are closed collections comprised of materials that do not circulate. Materials must be used inside the archives reading
room under staff supervision. Please make an appointment in advance to visit the Archives.


text:
Sunday, June 29, 2014
According to a police report, an employee of a local restaurant got a little drunk one day and decided to help himself to meat and shrimp from the restaurant. He might have gotten away with it had he not been intoxicated, but he didnt make it too far. Other employees found him passed out outside of the restaurant, holding on to the bag of food, the report said.
When police arrived, the man was slumped over leaning on a car. They tried to rouse him and he became uncooperative, the report said.
It was decided that he would be arrested for Breach of Trust and Public Intoxication.
According to the police report, upon looking at the mans criminal history, his charge was upgraded to Property Crime Enhancement for prior convictions of receiving stolen goods and possession of a stolen vehicle.
According to the report, he was searched and subsequently charged for having a 5.2-gram bag of a rock-like substance believed to be drugs.
Moultrie News is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. We expect our readers to engage in lively, yet civil discourse. We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. Responsibility for the statements posted lies with the person submitting the comment, not Moultrie News.
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