text:
A cell element field for data processing, having function cell means for execution of algebraic and/or logic functions and memory cell means for receiving, storing and/or outputting information is described. Function cell-memory cell combinations are formed in which a control connection leads from the function cell means to the memory cell means.
1. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Integrated Circuit, comprising:
a plurality of Programmable Gate Array cell structures;
a plurality of dedicated processing cells comprising hardwired Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs), a function of each of at least some of the dedicated processing cells being individually configurable at runtime;
a plurality of dedicated memory cells that support dual-ported access; and
a configurable interconnect interconnecting said plurality of dedicated processing cells;
the Integrated Circuit is adapted for forming a sequencer structure, by configurably interconnecting at runtime at least one of the dedicated processing cells and at least one of the memory cells, data input being provided to the sequencer structure via an input port from the interconnect and data output being provided from the sequencer structure via an output port to the interconnect; and
the at least one of the memory cells is adapted for:
being split into at least two separated data areas; and
simultaneously transferring data of the at least two separated areas to the at least one of the dedicated processing cells.
2. The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Integrated Circuit of
3. The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Integrated Circuit of
input/output cells implementing complex functions for interfacing with external devices.
4. The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Integrated Circuit of
5. The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Integrated Circuit of
6. The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Integrated Circuit of
7. The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Integrated Circuit of
This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/082,073, filed on Apr. 7, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,602,214 which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/526,595, filed on Jan. 9, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,394,284 which claims benefit of and priority to International Application Serial No. PCT/EP03/38599, filed on Sep. 8, 2003, which claims benefit of and priority to German Patent Application Serial No. DE 102 41 812.8, filed on Sep. 6, 2002, the entire contents of each of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference thereto.
The present invention relates to a cell element field and a method for operating same. The present invention thus relates in particular to reconfigurable data processing architectures.
The term reconfigurable architecture is understood to refer to units (VPUs) having a plurality of elements whose function and/or interconnection is variable during run time. These elements may include arithmetic logic units, FPGA areas, input/output cells, memory cells, analog modules, etc. Units of this type are known by the term VPU, for example. These typically include arithmetic and/or logic and/or analog and/or memory and/or interconnecting modules and/or communicative peripheral modules (IOs), typically referred to as PAES, which are arranged in one or more dimensions and are linked together directly or by one or more bus systems. PAEs are arranged in any configuration, mixture and hierarchy, the system being known as a PAE array or, for short, a PA. A configuring unit may be assigned to the PAE. In addition to VPU units, in principle systolic arrays, neural networks, multiprocessor systems, processors having multiple arithmetic units and/or logic cells, interconnection and network modules such as crossbar circuits, etc., as well as FPGAs, DPGAs, transputers, etc., are also known
It should be pointed out that essential aspects of VPU technology are described in the following protective rights of the same applicant as well as in the particular follow-up applications to the protective rights listed here:
It should be pointed out that the documents listed above are incorporated in particular with regard to particulars and details of the interconnection, configuration, embodiment of architecture elements, trigger methods, etc., for disclosure purposes.
The architecture has considerable advantages in comparison with traditional processor architectures inasmuch as data processing is performed in a manner having a large proportion of parallel and/or vectorial data processing steps. However, the advantages of this architecture in comparison with other processor units, coprocessor units or data processing units in general are not as great when the advantages of interconnection and of the given processor architectonic particulars are no longer achievable to the full extent.
This is the case in particular when data processing steps that are traditionally best mappable on sequencer structures are to be executed. It is desirable to design and use the reconfigurable architecture in such a way that even those data processing steps which are typically particularly suitable for being executed using sequencers are executable particularly rapidly and efficiently.
The object of the present invention is to provide a novel device and a novel method for commercial application.
The method of achieving this object is claimed independently. Preferred embodiments are characterized in the subclaims.
According to a first essential aspect of the present invention, in the case of a cell element field whose function and/or interconnection is reconfigurable in particular during run time without interfering with unreconfigured elements for data processing with coarsely granular function cell elements in particular for execution of algebraic and/or logic functions and memory cell means for receiving, storing and/or outputting information, it is proposed that function cell-memory cell combinations be formed in which a control connection to the memory means is managed by the function cell means. This control connection is for making the address and/or data input/output from the memory controllable through the particular function cell, typically an ALU-PAE. It is thus possible to indicate, for example, whether the next item of information transmitted is to be handled as an address or as data and whether read and/or write access is necessary. This transfer of data from the memory cell, i.e., the memory cell means, which may be a RAM-PAE, for example, to the function cell means, which may be an ALU-PAE, for example, then makes it possible for new commands that are to be executed by the ALU to be loadable into the latter. It should be pointed out that function cell means and memory cell means may be combined by integration into a structural unit. In such a case it is possible to use a single bus connection to input data into the memory cell means and/or the ALU. Suitable input registers and/or output registers may then be provided and, if desired, additional data registers and/or configuration registers different from the former may also be provided as memory cell means.
It should also be pointed out that it is possible to construct a cell element field containing a plurality of different cells and/or cell groups, strips or similar regular patterns being preferably provided with the different cells because these permit a very regular arrangement while facilitating the design equally in terms of hardware design and operation. With such a strip-like arrangement or other regular layout of a small plurality of different cell elements, for example, elements having integrated function cell means-memory cell means combinations, i.e., cells in which function cell means and memory cell means are integrated according to the present invention, are provided centrally in the field, where typically only a few different program steps are to be executed within a sequencer structure because, as has been recognized, this provides very good results for traditional data stream applications, while more complex sequencer structures may be constructed at the edges of the field where, for example, an ALU-PAE which represents a separate unit possibly may be provided in addition to a separate RAM-PAE and optionally a number of I/O-PAEs using, i.e., arranging appropriate control lines or connections thereof because frequently more memory is needed there, e.g., to temporarily store results generated in the field central area of the cell element field and/or for datastreaming, to pre-enter and/or process data needed thereby.
When cells that integrate memory cell means and function cell means are provided, e.g., in the center of the field, a small memory may then be provided there for different commands to be executed by the function cell means such as the ALU. It is possible here in particular to separate the command memory and/or the configuration memory from a data memory, and it is possible to design the function memory to be so large that alternatively, one of several, e.g., two different sequences may be executed. The particular sequence to be executed may occur in response to results generated in the cell and/or control signals such as carry signals, overflow signals, and/or trigger signals arriving from the outside. In this way, this arrangement may also be used for wave reconfiguration methods.
In this way it is possible to construct a sequencer structure in a cell element field by providing a dedicated control connection controlled by function cells in a dedicated manner between function cell and function cell means and memory cell and/or memory cell means with only two elements connected by suitable buses without requiring additional measures and/or design changes otherwise. Data, addresses, program steps, etc., may be stored in the memory cell in a manner known per se from traditional processors. Since both elements, if properly configured, may also be used in another way, this yields a particularly efficient design which is particularly adaptable to sequencer structures as well as vectorial and/or parallelizable structures. Parallelization may thus be supported merely via suitable PAE configurations, i.e., by providing PAEs that operate in two different spatial directions and/or via cell units equipped with data throughput registers.
It is clear here that a plurality of sequencer type structures may be constructed in the reconfigurable cell element field by using only two cells in a cell element field, namely the function cell and the information processing cell. This is advantageous inasmuch as a number of different tasks that are different from one another per se must often be executed in data processing, e.g., in a multitasking-capable operating system. A plurality of such tasks must then be executed effectively and simultaneously in a single cell element field. The advantages of real time applications are obvious. Furthermore it is also possible to operate the individual sequencer structures that are constructed in a cell element field, providing the control connection according to the present invention, at different clock rates, e.g., to lower power consumption by executing lower priority tasks at a slower rate. It is also possible to execute sequencer type program parts in the field in parallel or vectorially in execution of algorithms that are largely parallel per se and vice versa.
Typically, however, it is preferable for sequencer-type structures to be clocked at a higher rate in the cell element field, whether they are sequencer-type structures having an area connected to neighboring cells or buses or whether they are combinations of spatially differentiable separate and separately useable function cell elements such as ALU-PAEs and memory cell elements such as RAM-PAEs. This has the advantage that sequential program parts, which are very difficult to parallelize in any case, may be used in a general data flow processing without any negative effect on the overall data processing. Examples of this include, e.g., a HUFFMANN coding which is executable much better sequentially than in parallel and which also plays an important role for applications such as MPEG4 coding, but in this case the essential other parts of the MPEG4 coding are also easily parallelizable. Parallel data processing is then used for most parts of an algorithm and a sequential processing block is provided therein. An increase in the clock frequency in the sequencer range by a factor of 2 to 4 is typically sufficient.
It should be pointed out that instead of a strip arrangement of different cell elements, another grouping, in particular a multidimensional grouping, may also be selected.
The cell element field having the cells whose function and/or interconnection is configurable may obviously form a processor, a coprocessor and/or a microcontroller and/or a parallel plurality of combinations thereof.
The function cells are typically formed as arithmetic logic units, which may be in particular coarsely granular elements but may also be provided with a fine granular state machine, for example. In a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment, the ALUs are extended ALUs (EALUs) as described in previous patent applications of the present applicant. An extension may include in particular the control line check, command decoder unit, etc., if necessary.
The memory cells may store data and/or information in a volatile and/or nonvolatile form. When information stored in the memory cells, whether program steps, addresses for access to data or data stored in a register-type form, i.e., a heap is stored as volatile data, a complete reconfiguration may take place during run time. Alternatively it is possible to provide nonvolatile memory cells. The nonvolatile memory cells may be provided as an EEPROM area and the like, where a rudimentary BIOS program that is to be executed on boot-up of the system is stored. This permits booting up a data processing system without additional components. A nonvolatile data memory may also be provided if it is decided for reasons of cost and/or space that the same program parts are always to be executed repeatedly, and it is also possible to alternate among such fixed program parts during operation, e.g., in the manner of a wave reconfiguration. The possibilities of providing and using such nonvolatile memories are the object of other protective rights of the present applicant. It is possible to store both volatile and nonvolatile data in the memory cells, e.g., for permanent storage of a BIOS program, and nevertheless be able to use the memory cell for other purposes.
The memory cell is preferably designed to be able to store a sufficient variety of data to be executed and/or program parts to be executed. It should be pointed out here that these program parts may be designed as program steps, each specifying what an individual PAE, in particular the assigned PAE, i.e., in particular the function cell controlling the memory cell, is to do in the next step, and they may also include entire configurations for field areas or other fields. In such a case, it is readily possible for the sequencer structure that has been created to issue a command on the basis of which cell element field areas are reconfigured. The function cell triggering this configuration then operates as a load logic at the same time. It should be pointed out that the configuration of other cells may in turn be accomplished in such a way that sequencer type data processing is performed there and it is in turn possible in these fields to configure and/or reconfigure other cells in the course of program [execution]. This results in an iterative configuration of cell element areas, and nesting of programs having sequencer structures and parallel structures is possible, these structures being nested one inside the other like babushka dolls. It should be pointed out that access to additional cell element fields outside of an individual integrated module is possible through input/output cells in particular, which may massively increase the total computation performance. It is possible in particular when configurations occur in a code part of a sequencer structure configured into a cell element field to perform, if necessary, the configuration requirements on an assigned cell element field which is managed only by the particular sequencer structure and/or such requirements may be issued to a configuration master unit to ensure that there is uniform occupancy of all cell element fields. This therefore results in a quasi-subprogram call by transferring the required configurations to cells or load logics. This is regarded as independently patentable. It should be pointed out that the cells, if they themselves have responsibility for configuration of other cell element field areas, may be provided with FILMO structures and the like implemented in hardware or software to ensure proper reconfiguration. The possibility of writing to memory cells while executing instructions, thereby altering the code, i.e., the program to be executed, should be pointed out. In a particularly preferred variant, however, this type of self-modification (SM) is suppressed by appropriate control via the function cell.
It is possible for the memory cell to send the information stored in it directly or indirectly to a bus leading to the function cell in response to the triggering of the function cell controlling it. Indirect output may be accomplished in particular when the two cells are adjacent and the information requested by the triggering must arrive at the ALU-PAE via a bus segment that is not directly connectable to the output of the memory cell. In such a case the memory cell may output data onto this bus system in particular via backward registers. It is therefore preferable if at least one1 memory cell and/or function cell has such a backward register, which may be situated in the information path between the memory cell and function cell. In such a case, these registers need not necessarily be provided with additional functionalities, although this is readily conceivable, e.g., when data is requested from the memory cell for further processing, corresponding to a traditional LOAD of a typical microprocessor for altering the data even before it is loaded into the PAE, e.g., to implement a LOAD++ command. Data conduction through PAEs having ALUs and the like operating in the reverse direction should be mentioned. 1TN: omitting "von" (eine von Speicherzelle . . .)
The memory cell is preferably situated to receive information from the function cell controlling it, information saving via an input/output cell and/or a cell that does not control the memory cell also being possible. In particular when data is to be written into the memory cell from an input/output cell, it is preferable if this input/output cell (I/O-PAE) is also controlled by the function cell. The address at which information to be written into the memory cell or, if necessary, to also be transmitted directly to the function cell (PAE) is to be read, may also be transferred to the I/O-PAE from the ALU-PAE. In this connection it should be pointed out that this address may be determined via an address translation table, an address translation buffer or an MMU type structure in the I/O-PAE. In such a case, this yields the full functionalities of typical microprocessors. It should also be pointed out that an I/O functionality may also be integrated with a function cell means, a memory cell means and/or a function cell means-memory cell means combination.
In a preferred variant, at least one input-output means is thus assigned to the combination of function cells and memory cells, whether as an integrated function cell and a memory cell combination or as a function cell and/or memory cell combination composed of separate units, the input/output means being used to transmit information to and/or receive information from an external unit, another function cell, function cell memory cell combination and/or memory cells.
The input-output unit is preferably likewise designed for receiving control commands from the function cell and/or the function cell means.
In a preferred variant, the control connection is designed to transmit some and preferably all of the following commands:
This may be accomplished through a corresponding bit width of the control line and an associated decoding at the receivers. The particular required control means and decoding means may be provided inexpensively and with no problems. As it shows, a practically complete sequencer capability of the arrangement is obtained with these commands. It should also be pointed out that a general-purpose processor data processing unit is obtained in this way.
The system is typically selected so that the function cell is the only one able to access the control connection and/or a bus segment, i.e., bus system functioning as the control connection as a master. The result is thus a system in which the control line functions as a command line such as that provided in traditional processors.
The function cell and the memory cell, i.e., I/O cell, are preferably adjacent to one another. The term "adjacent" may be understood preferably as the cells being situated directly side by side. "Directly" means in particular a combination of such cells to form integrated units which are provided repeatedly on the cell element field, i.e., as part of same to form the field. This may mean an integral unit of memory cells and logic cells. Alternatively, they are at least close together. The system of the function cells and memory cells in integrated, i.e., close, proximity to one another thus ensures that there are no latency times, or at least no significant latency times, between triggering and data input of the required information in the function cell, merely because the connections between the cells are too long. This is understood to be "direct." If latency times must be taken into account, pipelining may then also be provided in the sequencer structures. This is particularly important in the case of systems with very high clock rates. It should be pointed out that it is readily possible to provide cell units clocked at a suitably high frequency such as those known in the related art per se which are also able to access suitable memory cells with appropriate speed. In such a case, e.g., when architecture elements that are known per se are used for the function cells, reconfigurability of the function cell element and the corresponding interconnections must be provided. In a particularly preferred variant, the function cells, the information providing cells such as memory cells, I/O cells and the like are arranged multidimensionally, in particular in the manner of a matrix, i.e., on grid points of a multidimensional grid, etc. If there is a regular structure, as is the case there, information, i.e., operands, configurations, trigger signals, etc., is typically supplied to a cell from a first row, while data, trigger signals and other information is dispensed in a row beneath that. In such a case, it is preferable if the cells are situated in one and the same row and the information transfer from the information-providing cell into the required input into the function cell may then take place via a backward register. The possibility of using the registers for pipelining should also be mentioned.
Patent protection is also claimed for a method for operating a cell element field, in particular a multidimensional cell element field having function cells for execution of algebraic and/or logic functions and information-providing cells, in particular memory cells and/or input/output cells for receiving and/or outputting and/or storing information, at least one of the function cells outputting control commands to at least one information-providing cell, information for the function cell being provided there in response to the control commands, and the function cell being designed to perform the additional data processing in response to the information thus provided to thereby process data in the manner of a sequencer at least from time to time.
Sequencer-type data processing is thus made possible in a reconfigurable field by output of the control commands to the memory cell of the sequencer structure. The commands which may be output as control commands by the function cell permit a sequencer type operation such as that known from traditional processors. It should be pointed out that it is readily possible to implement only parts of the aforementioned commands but nevertheless ensure data processing that is completely of the sequencer type.
The present invention is described in greater detail below and as an example on the basis of the drawing, in which:
According to
Cell element field 1 is freely configurable in the interconnection of elements 2, 3, 4, namely without interfering with ongoing operation of cell element parts that are not to be reconfigured. The connections may be configured by switching bus systems 5 as necessary. In addition, the particular functions of function cells 2 are configurable. The function cells are arithmetic logic units extended by certain circuits that permit reconfiguration, e.g., state machines, interface circuit for communication with external load logic 6, etc. Reference is made to the corresponding previous applications of the present applicant.
Cell elements 2, 3 of cell element field 1 are arranged two-dimensionally in rows and columns, one memory cell 3 being situated directly next to a function cell 2 with three memory cell-function cell pairs per row, the function cells and memory cells being interconnected by control connections 4. Function cells and memory cells 2, 3, or the combination thereof have inputs which are connected to the bus system above the row in which the particular cell element is located to receive data therefrom. In addition, cells 2, 3 have outputs which output data to bus system 5 below the row. As explained below, each memory cell 3 is also provided with a backward register (BW) through which data from the bus below a row may be guided through to the bus above the particular row.
Memory cell means 3 preferably has at least three memory areas, namely a data area, a program memory area and a stack area, etc. However, in other variants of the present invention it may be adequate provide only two areas, namely a data memory and a program area memory, each optionally forming part of a memory cell means. It is possible in particular to perform not simply a separation of a memory that is identical in terms of hardware and is homogeneous per se into different areas but instead to provide memory areas that are actually separated physically, i.e., in terms of hardware technology. In particular the memory width and/or depth may also be adapted to the particular requirements. When a memory is designed in such a way that it has a program area and a data area in operation, it is preferable to design this memory, i.e., memory area for simultaneous access to data and program memory areas, e.g., as a dual port memory. It may also be possible to provide closely connected memory areas, in particular within a memory cell means-function cell means combination formed into an integrated area as a pure cache memory into which data from remote memory sites is preloaded for rapid access during data processing.
Except for control connections 4 and the particular circuits within the function cells (ALU in
The first distinguishing features of the cell element field of the present invention are derived from control connection 4 and the corresponding circuit, which are described in greater detail below with reference to
ALU 2 at the same time has additional inputs and outputs 2 a 1, 2 a 2 which may be connected to other bus segments and over which the ALU receives data such as operands and outputs results.
Control connection 4 is permanently under control of the extended circuits of the ALU and represents here a connection over which a plurality of bits may be transferred. The width of control connection 4 is selected so that at least the following control commands may be transmitted to the memory cell: DATA WRITE, DATA READ, ADDRESS POINTER WRITE, ADDRESS POINTER READ, PROGRAM POINTER WRITE, PROGRAM POINTER READ, PROGRAM POINTER INCREMENT, STACK POINTER WRITE, STACK POINTER READ, PUSH, POP. Memory cell 3 at the same time has at least three memory areas, namely a stack area, a heap area and a program area. Each area is assigned its own pointer via which it is determined to which area of the stack, the heap and the program area there will be read or write access in each case.
Bus 5 a is used jointly by units 2 and 3 in time multiplex. This is indicated in
Within RAM cell 3, a circuit 3 d is provided in which the information received via control line 4 and/or control line bus segment 4 is decoded.
The present invention is used as follows:
First, ALU 2 receives configuration information from a central load logic, as is already known in the related art. The transfer of information may take place in a manner known per se using the RDY/ACK protocol and the like. Reference is made to the possibility of providing a FILMO memory, etc., with the load logic to permit a proper configuration of the system.
Simultaneously with the data for configuring ALU 2, a series of data is transmitted from the load logic, representing a program, i.e., program part to be executed in the manner of a sequencer. Reference is made in this regard only as an example to
The program sequence preconfigured in the RAM-PAE by the load logic is executed here. At the same time, command decoding is performed in the ALU-PAE as is necessary per se. This is done with the same circuits per se as those used already for decoding the commands received by the load logic.
At any point in time control line 4 is controlled via the ALU so that the RAM cell always exactly follows the type of memory access specified by the ALU. This ensures that regardless of the time multiplex use of bus elements 5 a, b the elements present in the sequencer structure are instructed at all times whether addresses for data or codes to be retrieved or to be written is on the buses or whether and if so where data is to be written, etc.
The system shown with respect to
According to
The system shown in
It should be pointed out that multiple sequencer structures may be configured into one and the same field at the same time; that function cells, memory cells and, if necessary, input-output cells may optionally be configured for sequencer structures and/or [in] a traditional manner for XPP technology and that it is readily possible for one ALU to output data to another ALU, which configures it as a sequencer and/or makes it part of a cell element field with which a certain configuration is executed. In this way, the load logic may then also become dispensable, if necessary.
According to
According to
Within the function cell means-memory cell means combination, an ALU 53 is provided as well as input registers Ri0 through Ri3 for operand data and trigger signal input registers (not shown). Configuration data registers Rc0 through Rc7 for configuration data, i.e., ALU code data, result data registers Rd0′-R3′ and output registers Ro0 through Ro3 for results, i.e., trigger signals to be output. Registers Rc and Rd for the configuration data, i.e., opcode data, are triggered by ALU 53 via control command lines 4 and supply data over suitable data lines to the ALU and/or receive result data from it. It is also possible to supply information directly from bus 51 and/or input registers Ri directly to the output registers, i.e., bus 52, exactly as information may be supplied from data registers Rd0 not only to the ALU, but also to the output registers. If necessary, connections may be provided between memory areas Rd and Rc, e.g., for implementation of the possibility of self-modifying codes.
Configuration data area Rc0 through Rc7 has a control unit which makes it possible to work in parts of the area, in particular in repeated cycles and/or through jumps. For example, in a first partial configuration, commands in Rc0 through Rc3 may be executed repeatedly, and alternatively configuration commands in Rc4 through Rc7 may be executed, e.g., on receipt of an appropriate different trigger signal over bus line 51. This ensures executability of a wave configuration. It should be pointed out that the configuration commands input are typically only instructions to the ALU but do not define complete bus connections, etc.
The unit described above, illustrated in
To process data sequencer-style in a data flow in the function folding unit designed in this way, data flow graphs and/or areas according to
It should be mentioned in this context that it will be preferable in general to use the system of the present invention in such a way that first a data flow graph and a control flow graph are created for a data processing program using a compiler and then a corresponding partitioning is performed; the pieces obtained by the partitioning may then be executed partially or entirely on sequencer units such as those which may be formed according to the present invention, for example. This more or less achieves data processing in the manner of data flow progressing from one cell to the next, but effects a sequential execution within the cell(s). This is advantageous when the clock frequency is to be increased because of the extremely high computation power of a system to be able to reduce the area and/or number of cells. It should also be pointed out that it is possible to perform this transformation like transition from a purely data flow type of data processing to data flow processing with local sequential parts in such a way that an iterative process is carried out, e.g., in such a manner that first a first partitioning is performed, and if it is then found in the subsequent "rolling up" of the partitioned parts on sequencer units that the resources available on the sequencers or at other sites, for example, are not sufficient, another partitioning taking this into account may be performed and a new "rolling up" may be performed. If extensive use of the function folding units is desired, the number of registers may be increased, if necessary.
It should also be pointed out that the registers in this case may be interpreted as memory cell means or parts thereof. It is apparent that by increasing the memory cell areas, more complex tasks may be arranged in particular in a sequencer fashion but significant parts of important algorithms may be executed with the small sizes indicated and this may be done with high efficiency.
In the present example, the function folding units are preferably formed in such a way that data may be shifted through them without being processed in the ALU. This may be utilized to achieve path balancing in which data packets must be executed via different branches and then recombined without having to use forward registers such as those known from the architecture of the present applicant. At the same time and/or alternatively, it is possible for the direction of data flow not to run strictly in one direction in the cell element field through an appropriate orientation of a few function cell means, memory cell means, or function folding units but instead to have the data flow run in two opposite directions. Thus, for example, in each even row the ALUs receive their input operands from the left side and in each uneven row the ALUs receive their input operands from the right.
If data must be sent repeatedly through the field, such an arrangement is advantageous, e.g., in the case of unrolled looped bodies, etc. The alternating arrangement need not be strict. For certain applications, other geometries may be selected. For example, a different direction of flow may be selected for the middle of the field than at the edges, etc. The arrangement of function cell units of the same direction of flow side by side may be advantageous with respect to the bus connections. It should be pointed out that the arrangement in opposite directions of multiple directional function cells in one field and the resulting improved data processing independently of providing a control line or the like are regarded as inventive.
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By Wayne Davies
This is addressed to the voters of Waitsfield.
On July 30 Waitsfield voters will decide whether we will have a new town office. Voter approval means that a town office will be constructed at the Flemer Farm Stand site with sufficient space to accommodate present and future needs. It will be a public building in a neighborhood of public buildings—a school, a library, fire and ambulance facilities, a health center—and private homes.
It is also a bargain, made so by the $750,000 grant the Town received for construction at that site. A detailed cost estimate developed by Henry Erickson, a professional estimator hired by the select board, places construction costs at $1,138,000. When the grant is taken into account, the local taxpayer cost becomes $388,000. Architects have recommended an additional $66,000 for energy efficiency and paving for a total taxpayer cost of $454,000, still well below the $650,000 bond limit. To put this in perspective, the planned culvert replacement on Tremblay Road is budgeted at $200,000. The impact on property taxes will also be very modest, about $36 annually for a home valued at $250,000, about the cost of two burgers and two beers at the Den. Surely the security of our town records is worth that.
Waitsfield desperately needs new municipal offices. If this bond is defeated, we are literally back to square one. The grant will be gone. There are no other cost-effective alternatives. Renting is not cheaper when a new, purpose-built office can be had for less than $500,000. The Methodist Church is a far more costly proposition, with or without a grant. Mr. Erickson's estimates for that site are $1,709,000 based on architect Bill Maclay's design and $1,577,000 for an alternative design developed by architect Ellen Strauss. In both scenarios, without a grant—and there is no certainty that one can be obtained—the cost to Waitsfield taxpayers would be well over a million dollars more than the Farm Stand site. Any design in any location without the $750,000 head start provided by the grant will cost more.
The Methodist Church is well utilized at present. Architects have determined the structure to be sound. It awaits developers with creativity and ambition willing to seek private investment for its redevelopment. If the church is worth preserving, and most people would agree that it is, then it is worth preserving with funds from private sources—individual, foundation and corporate.
This is not a referendum on historic preservation. It is about the wise use of tax dollars in a town already heavily taxed and facing significant infrastructure expenses over the next several years. The Flemer Farm Stand site meets this criterion.
Please vote yes on July 30.
Davies lives in Waitsfield.

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UPS honors 4 local drivers for 25 years of safe drivingWritten by Duane Ramsey | | firstname.lastname@example.com
Four UPS drivers from the Maumee Distribution Center were among 60 drivers in Ohio and 1,235 worldwide inducted into the Circle of Honor, which recognizes those who have achieved 25 or more years of accident-free driving.
Arlyn Witker of Bradner, David Fisher of Maumee and Gene Baker and Craig Miron of Toledo who work out of the Maumee center were inducted into the honorary group.
The four local drivers received special UPS brown jackets with a Circle of Honor insignia on them during a reception held at the Maumee center.
Miron, a native of Detroit who now lives in Point Place, said he has 26 years of accident-free driving and a total of 36 years driving for UPS. He currently drives semi-trucks with multiple trailers from the Maumee center across the Ohio Turnpike into Pennsylvania.
"In my whole career, I'm most proud of the 26 years of safe driving. It's nice to be recognized for doing my job safely and efficiently," Miron said about the award.
"It helps to know your route but any place can be a trouble spot so you have to be constantly aware at all times," he said.
Baker has been driving a UPS package truck for almost 26 years and delivers in the Sylvania area. The delivery drivers face a different set of traffic issues than the over-the-road drivers, he said.
"UPS gives us a lot of training to keep safety in the forefront," Baker said. "You need to keep your eyes open to know what's going on around your vehicles at all times."
In addition, three drivers from the UPS facility in Fremont, Craig Hilty, Rory Keyes and John Oliver Jr., and Jeffrey Hissong in Findlay were also recognized for the safe-driving honor announced by UPS Feb. 23.
The 1,235 new inductees represent the largest increase in new Circle of Honor members in a single year in the company's history.
Ohio has 268 active Circle of Honor drivers with a combined total of 7,492 years of accident-free driving. Ron Sowder of Springboro, Ohio, is the senior safe driver with 50 years of accident-free driving, which is the best driving record among UPS's 102,000 drivers worldwide.
"I'm very proud of these men and women. To go at least a quarter century without an accident is a testament to the pride they take in their work and to the training they receive," Stanley Deans, president of the UPS Central Region, stated in the press release.
UPS drivers are among the safest on the road, logging more than 3 billion miles a year and averaging less than one accident for every 1 million miles driven, according to the company.
UPS invested $175 million in safety training in 2011 and uses its own comprehensive driving course called "Space and Visibility." All UPS drivers are taught safe driving methods beginning on the first day of classroom training and through its safe driving platform throughout their careers.
Founded in 1907, UPS has a long history of safety and training. It formally established the Circle of Honor in 1955.
Tags: Arlyn Witker, Circle of Honor, Craig Miron, David Fisher, driving safety, Duane Ramsey, Gene Baker, UPS, UPS Maumee Distribution Center


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Our Close to the Heart line of custom birthstone pendants now includes this beautiful Engravable Gold Vermeil 2 Stone Square Tag Pendant. The shining, quality golden sterling silver pendant measures 1 inch across and features space for colorful birthstones of your choosing on the front side. The two stones would make this an ideal couple's necklace or perfect for a mom of two. For the perfect gift, add an engraving on the front or back for just $9 to $14. Select a 16 or 18 inch chain and give a gift she'll cherish for years to come.
Eve's Addiction.com wants you to be a happy customer. We want you to be completely satisfied with the sterling silver jewelry that you receive from us, as we only sell high quality silver and cubic zirconia cz jewelry. We do understand that you may not like your purchase for some reason.
You may return or exchange your jewelry within 60 days of purchase if you are not satisfied with it. The jewelry must be returned in its original condition for a refund or exchange. Engraved, personalized, photo, monogram, name and initial, chocolate and clearance items are not returnable or exchangeable.


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Ask for Help
- RubyMine 3.2.4 is slow… Solution is to update to the latest RubyMine EAP 4.
Interesting Things
Yehuda Katz announces Amber.js (previously known as SproutCore 2.0). "Amber brings a proven MVC architecture to web applications, as well as features that eliminate common boilerplate. If you played with SproutCore and liked the concepts but felt like it was too heavy, give Amber a try." -YK
Updates in active_admin silently fail if you are using it with inherited_resources 1.3.0. Use 1.2.2 instead.


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England's most valuable soccer team has cut a sponsorship deal with Russia.
Manchester United announced today a five-year partnership with Aeroflot. The Moscow based international airline will become the Club's Official Carrier. The partnership marks the team's first commercial venture in Russia where the Red Devils say they have close to 18 million followers. Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed.
Back in April, the Mail reported that Aeroflot, majority-owned by the Russian government, "is to become an unlikely addition to Manchester United's global roster of sponsors in a multi-million-pound contract to be announced this summer." Aeroflot is replacing Turkish Airlines Turkish Airlines. The three-deal with the Turkish carrier, which included a sponsorship at Old Trafford stadium, was reportedly worth about $4 million a year.
The choice of Aeroflot for such a great brand like Manchester United is somewhat surprising. Not because the accident-prone former Soviet airline has had a poor safety record over the years.
But because the deal with Aeroflot means that Manchester United is now in bed with Vladimir Putin, Russia's President. Which begs this question: Did the Glazer family, which controls the publicly traded soccer team as well as the NFL's Tampa Bay Buccaneers, consult with New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft before partnering with Putin?
Kraft says Putin stole his 2004 Super Bowl ring in 2005 when the NFL team owner met Putin at a gathering of business and political leaders at Konstantinovsky Palace near St. Petersburg. Putin, of course, has denied he stole Kraft's ring. Sure.
Shares of Manchester United have increased to $17 from $13 since being floated last August, in line with the S&P 500.


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Custom Greenwich Sofa
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Product Description
The tufted Greenwich Sofa features a classic, traditional design and is offered in a wide variety of custom fabric options. Carefully crafted of high-quality materials, this tufted sofa is sure to remain a part of your decor for years to come. This custom sofa sits on hardwood legs and features a tufted back.
Product Details


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(Gawker) - Former Secretary of State Colin Powell is the latest powerful brand to be hacked. Powell's official Facebook page has been taken over and is being peppered with insults to his old boss George W. Bush as moderators fight to take back control. (The page seems to be down at the moment.)
It's safe to say this social media fail is the biggest fail of Colin Powell's entire career.
Jeep and Burger King were also really victims of hacking.
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Live more life.
Win an exclusive trip-for-two to a special Kia test-driving event in Marbella from May 1st 2012.
A brand new design, superior comfort and innovative technologies – get the most out of life with the new Kia cee'd. Take a 360° tour and see for yourself.
The stunning cee'd 5-door hatchback is a terrific fusion of beauty and functionality – ingeniously conceived in every respect by Kia's award-winning design team led by Chief Designer Peter Schreyer.
The finished result reflects all of this leading expertise: with its meticulous attention to aesthetic prowess and acute awareness of everyday usability hanging in perfect balance.
The cee'd has a completely new concept, born and bred in Europe with the tastes and needs of European drivers and passengers in mind. This design will give you all you want and get you noticed for all the right reasons.
With its low stance, long wheel base and short overhangs, the new cee'd hatchback exterior has all the hallmarks of a sporty coupé – including superb aerodynamics proven by measurable drag reduction.
We've kept the underfloor cover as flat as possible, extended the rear spoiler and introduced a new "character line†on the rear combi lamps. These are just some examples of the special design features aimed specifically at improving drag. And all this focus on aerodynamics has certainly paid off, as shown in the results of 100 hours of wind tunnel testing.
Different from all the rest – that's a sign of good design in our book. That's why we've distinguished the sleek lines and sophis- ticated surfaces of the new Kia cee'd even more with some really striking features.
Take its wedge-shape profile complete with a strong shoulder line and muscular bonnet. Or the striking LED lights at both the front and rear. And there's certainly no overlooking the distinctive, newly evolved Kia grille.
In fact, it's all part of the new Kia cee'd signature look designed in Europe. Eye-catching details that will grab your attention and keep your attraction.
Sit back and take it all in: The ergonomics and elegance inside the cee'd are bound to send your pulse racing – thanks to the undeniably premium feel reflected in every single detail.
The touch-me quality of the surfaces and fabrics and the superior craftsmanship of all the fittings are the work of a dedicated interior design team with European tastes in mind.
Gorgeous design highlights abound here, like the striking asymmetric one-piece front fascia, the stylish instrument panel, sweeping "vertical fin†door handles and extra-comfortable seats, to name just a few labours of love.
It might be a driver's car at heart, but the new Kia cee'd is designed with a deceptively spacious interior to accommodate all passengers comfortably – with plenty of legroom and elbowroom for everyone.
This freedom of movement in all five seats owes much to the smart use of space that in-cludes height-adjustable, ergonomic seats and even a tilt and telescopic steering wheel adjustment dedicated to ensuring the most comfortable driving experience possible. Open up the panoramic sunroof and the sensation of airy spaciousness is complete!
We believe driving should be as easy and enjoyable as possible. That's why we've kitted out the new Kia cee'd with a host of clever technologies that do the hard work for you.
The smart park assist system (SPAS) is a prime example here, making parallel parking nearly effortless. It's clear inside that the cee'd takes your convenience seriously. Just take a look at the driver-focused cockpit – offering intuitive usability at your fingertips, right down to the tiniest details such as the customisable font size of the speedo numbers. You name it, we've thought of it!
Often it's the little things that make all the difference. We've put plenty of thought into little pleasures here to give you a level of comfort you will notice – in both the driver and passenger seats.
The list is long, in fact. Just some of the features designed for your general well-being include the heated steering wheel, the power-assisted driver seat with memory function, advanced climate control and excellent noise, vibration and harshness levels for a quiet life.
If a touch of music is in order, there's an endless choice on offer thanks to the radio CD player with USB and AUX outlets for portable devices.
From shopping trips with bulky loads to family holidays with more luggage than you actually need – sometimes extra space is essential. The new Kia cee'd is built to be as versatile as your lifestyle.
It is fitted with invaluable 60:40 split rear seats for all eventualities and ample boot space, giving you the freedom to transport what you want, when you want. Of course, that's also thanks to its remarkable 380-litre capacity – and there's even practical hooks and nets to keep your belongings safely secured.
Familiar with the term "win-win†situation? Here's a good example for you: Fuel Economy. It's all aimed at saving our planet with lower emissions – and saving you money at the same time. We've invested in green technologies focused on reducing fuel consumption to maximise these benefits, starting by decreasing weight and friction on all engine types for greater fuel efficiency.
Our diesel engine with EcoDynamics™ technology leads the way with CO2 emission levels of 97g/km – one of the lowest of any non-electric car in the compact car segment. You also have the added option of an EcoDynamics™ pack with your Kia cee'd featuring innovative ISG (Start/Stop) technology.
It's your choice! A range of four powerful and efficient engines provides the desired get-up-and-go – with modern gasoline and diesel technology plus the option of direct injection to maximise power.
Two petrol and two diesel engines offer power outputs covering the entire range from 90 to 135 PS. Each of these variants also comes with a choice of manual or automatic six-speed transmissions. To increase fuel efficiency, all engines feature innovative weight-reducing measures and ISG (Start/Stop) technology, which means the engine will automatically switch off whenever the car is idle.
There are clear advantages to both manual and automatic transmissions. We've got some good news for you and it's called dual-clutch transmission, featured in the new Kia cee'd.
It lets you combine a more agile and sporty style of driving – on a Sunday cruise in the country, say – with a more economical mode of driving for those short routine trips back and forth.
Whatever you opt for, you can look forward to some marvellous handling thanks to a new and superior front and rear suspension complete with geometric fine-tuning. That's the cee'd enjoyment factor!
Nighttime, especially in bad weather conditions, can pose extra hazards for motorists on the road. Our Xenon headlights are specifically designed to minimise these potential risks.
More intelligent than your average headlamps, the Xenon headlights feature adaptive forward lighting that follows your steering movements and shines a brighter light into corners as you steer into them. The result: enhanced visibility right ahead of you where it really matters, for a safer night's drive.
We're in the business of transporting the most precious cargo there is – you and your passengers. That's why we're so committed to doing everything we can to make every journey a safe journey.
Just some of our active safety technologies in the new Kia cee'd include a vehicle stability management system with state-of-the-art lane departure warning, plus steering torque to help you stay in control in difficult road conditions, and hill assist control when you start the engine on steep inclines. For added peace of mind, we've also worked hard on ABS logic tuning to achieve superb braking distances.
Your safety is our number one priority. We've acted on this commitment, kitting out the new Kia cee'd 5-door hatchback with a host of advanced safety technologies to ensure maximum protection for all occupants and other road users.
The overall structural build quality of the new Kia cee'd has been fully developed, targeted at obtaining the maximum EuroNCAP safety rating and nothing less. It has been given a completely new body panel design with fully interconnected body torsion parts made from hightensile steel for increased stability, 45% more stiffness and greater shock-absorbance – to achieve the highest possible level of safety for you and your passengers.
Imagine: one major thing less to worry about for the next seven years of your life. That's just what we're offering with our industry-leading warranty for the new Kia cee'd.
It gives you bumper-to-bumper coverage for absolute peace of mind. Why such a great offer? Because the cee'd is built to last and tested to the highest standards of reliability and durability. So although you're covered by the warranty, it's quite possible you'll never have to use it. It is even fully transferable to any subsequent owner while still valid, letting you maximising your car's resale value if you come to sell it.
The new Kia cee'd celebrated its world premiere at the Geneva Motor Show 2012.
Drive off on a special date with a difference that will make your pulse race.
The new Kia cee'd 5-door combines sleek styling with the space and functionality of a five-door hatch.
The stunning exterior design immediately gets your attention, with details like chrome framed windows and muscular lines on the bonnet. Complemented by an ergonomic, driver-oriented control panel and refined interior, with a strong focus on quality of materials.
This technically sophisticated and highly competitive C-segment entry comes with superior comfort features and Kia's industry-leading 7-Year Warranty.
The well-equipped alternative for your family life, work life, social life – all of life! Complete with an evolved design, modern technologies and a superb level of quality.
The cee'd wagon gives you the freedom to transport what you want, when you want – with flexible seating and ample cargo capacity. In fact it has practicality written all over it, with clever details aimed at making life as comfortable as possible. And as carefree – thanks to excellent safety standards and a 7-year warranty.
2013 will see the finishing touch to the cee'd family – with the arrival of the Kia cee'd 3-door.
You can look forward to some even sportier looks. With its lower roofline and long wheel-base, it is set to bring an ultra-stylish and dynamic character all of its own to the range. On top it is fully equipped throughout with the same high standards of comfort, performance and safety as its siblings.


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Two Multi-character Sets Coming to Stores This Fall
Friday, June 09, 2006
Two Simpsons deluxe boxed sets featuring multiple characters from the smash FOX television series will be making their way to store shelves late this fall.
THE ISLAND OF DR. HIBBERT (from "Treehouse of Horror XIII") -- Originally planned for release as multiple characters sold separately, will now be an all-inclusive boxed set. Re-creating a moment from a fan-favorite episode, the box set features Dr. Hibbert, Comic Book Guy, Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa and Maggie in a side-splitting Simpsons-esque tableau -- the family has been turned into animals in this parody of The Island of Dr. Moreau.
LARD LAD -- Captures a hilarious moment from "Treehouse of Horror IV." In the episode, when Homer steals the enormous donut that Lard Lad holds over his head, the massive mascot comes to life and hunts Homer down, demanding justice. This all-inclusive boxed set includes articulated Homer, Lard Lad with removable donut and Springfield cityscape diorama.
The first series of McFarlane's individual Simpsons action figures is planned for release in early 2007. Stay tuned to spawn.com for details as they become available.


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1. Take a movie people love. 2. Design a poster around a single, perfectly evocative icon from that movie. 3. Draft the design in a hip, minimalist style with a cool, composed color palette. Created by artist and architect Cathryn Lavery, this striking digital print is the product of a few precise and creative steps, and one ultimately talented design team at Calm The Ham.
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"This dog looked like he's been photo-shopped with pieces from various dogs and maybe a few other animals," judge Brian Sobel said.
Walle overcame the dominance in recent years by nearly hairless Chihuahuas, Chinese cresteds, or combinations of the two.
Owner Tammie Barbee got the dog when he was three months old.
"People come up to me and say that dog is not right," Barbee said, "but I love him."


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Saturday, November 16, 2013
Encore Dance Theatre branched from The Dance Arts Studio in Mount Pleasant. Encore Dance Theatre is a non-profit organization that enables serious dancers to showcase their talent and skills in community performances in Charleston and its surrounding areas. A Dance Company made up of all local dancers, EDT takes pride in bringing to its audiences the beauty and technical skill of classical ballet as well as contemporary dance in Tap, Jazz, Hip Hop and Lyrical works.
Encore Dance Theatre consists of 40 dancers from ages 7 to 18, some who have been training classically since they were three. "Classical ballet is the backbone of all types dance. It creates the foundation for a controlled, disciplined, poised and graceful dancer," states Melanie Keen, director and president of Encore Dance Theatre. "Being a company member requires year-round training and classes. Our dancers attend summer intensive programs, not only at our studio here in Mount Pleasant, but at other venues in the Charleston area and all over the country. We have also had master classes conducted by instructors such as Davis Robertson, director of the Joffrey Ballet School's Performance Company."
The role of the Sugar Plum Fairy, in the upcoming Holiday Spectacular, is being danced by Caitlin Simpson, a 16-year-old home schooled student, who has attended these master classes. Kevin Nichols, a choreographer for EDT as well as a performer in this year's performance, dancing the roles of the Snow Prince and the Cavalier to the Sugar Plum Fairy, has been classically trained as well. Previous members of the company have attended the USC Conservatory's Summer Program, Joffrey Ballet School's Summer Intensives, as well as the American Ballet Theatre's Summer Intensives held in Alabama and New York.
The choreographers and instructors for Encore Dance Theatre are Melanie Keen, Brittany Miles, Kevin Nichols, Michelle Nichols and Caroline Byrd, who all have credentials to support the level of training required for the dancers at this company level. Keen has studied in New York at the Broadway Dance Center; Miles has studied under Dena Rizzo, tWitch from "So You Think You Can Dance;" and they have all trained under the instruction of Barbara Counts and Cecilia Sprawls, formerly of South Carolina Dance Theatre, Patricia Miller, a former Joffrey Ballet Principal dancer, and Radenko Povlovich, with the Columbia Classical Ballet.
The dancers of Encore Dance Theatre are committed and disciplined young girls and boys who are very enthusiastic about the art of dance. Their amazing performances will shine in the upcoming performance, the "Holiday Spectacular" at the Charleston Music Hall on Friday and Saturday, Nov. 15 and 16 at 7:30 p.m. Performing excerpts from The Nutcracker Suite and other Christmas classics, Encore Dance Theatre will get everyone in the Christmas spirit.
To purchase tickets for the Holiday Spectacular, please visit the website at www.thedanceartsstudio.com or Charleston Music Hall's website at www.charlestonmusichall.com. You may also purchase tickets at The Dance Arts Studio in Northcutt Plaza at 280 W. Coleman Blvd., Ste. C or by calling the studio at 971-6400, or at the door. Advance Tickets are $15; at the door $20.
To learn more about Encore Dance Theatre, its dancers and choreographers please visit them on Facebook.
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I want to apologize. I do have a slight tendency to let my feelings for Ms. Ringwo - Ringwald now color my feelings for her earlier works. I enjoyed/enjoy The Breakfast Club and Sixteen Candles but especially since The Stand I get irritated when I see her. And don't get me started on Tori Spelling.
OK, I feel better. Back to the bashing!


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Thank you for all replies.
I don't understand how to use this forum well, sorry.
This message board is only an archive. Click here to go to the current message board.
Thank you for all replies.
I don't understand how to use this forum well, sorry.
bizzyradio only asked me for the numbers after Needful Things was published. I have some of the earlier ones if anyone's interested.
Carrie 30,000
Salem's Lot 20,00
The Shining 25,000
Rage 75,000
Night Shift 12,000
The Stand (original) 75,000
The Long Walk unknown
The Dead Zone 50,000 or 80,000
Firestarter 100,000
Roadwork unknown
Danse Macabre 60,000
Cujo 150,000 or 350,000
The Running Man unknown
Different Seasons 140,000 or 200,000
Christine 250,000 or 270,000
Pet Sematary 250,000 or 335,000
The Talisman 500,000 or 600,000
Thinner 26,000 or 50,000
Skeleton Crew 500,000
The Bachman Books 15,000 or 25,000
IT 800,000 or 1,000,000
The Eyes of the Dragon (trade edition) 400,000
Misery 900,000 or 1,000,000
The Tommyknockers 1,200,000
Nightmares in the Sky 250,000
The Dark Half 1,200,000 or 1,500,000
The Stand (Complete & Uncut) 400,000
Four Past Midnight 1,200,000 or 1,500,000
and the numbers after Needful Things that John did not show are...
Insomnia 1,300,000 or 1,500,000
Hearts in Atlantis unknown
Dreamcatcher unknown
Everything's Eventual unknown
Faithful unknown
Blaze unknown
11/22/63 unknown
I also gathered these numbers from various sources which may or may not be too accurate.
...Meh...me either, and I'm as sorry as they come...I don't understand how to use this forum well, sorry.
My only differences are:
The Stand (original) 70,000
The Dead Zone 80,000
Cujo 150,000
Different Seasons 200,000
Christine 250,000
Pet Semetary 250,000
Talisman 600,000
Thinner 26,000
Bachman Books 15,000
It 1,000,000
Misery 900,000
The Dark Half 1,200,000
Four Past Midnight 1,000,000
I'd never seen the numbers for Rage or Insomnia before.
It's possible the 25,000 number for The Bachman Books was the number of trade paperbacks done.
My number for The Stand (original) is also 70,000 (mistype).
The number for Rage is shown on http://www.redeem.freeserve.co.uk/Ki...pages/Rage.htm
The number for Insomnia is shown on http://www.stephenkingcollector.com/1st/insomnia.html


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Life at Deloitte
People make Deloitte one of the best places to work. What's great about the people? That's an easy answer. They are exceptional. Each person is unique and valued for that, among the best and brightest in the business, and takes pride in his or her achievements and the success of others.
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Global Mobility, Talent & Rewards
Anticipating tomorrow's complex issues and new strategies is a challenge. Reach new heights with Dbriefs—live webcasts that give you valuable insights on important developments affecting your business.Dbriefs offers live webcasts featuring practical knowledge from Deloitte specialists.
Global InSight
A biweekly newsletter delivering tax and legislative updates for tax and international HR professionals.
Smart moves
Learn more about the growing need for improved global mobility processes, as well as a practical approach on how to help make these improvements happen.


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Naked Lipstick ($22.00) is described as a "nude-pink." It's a warm, medium pink with a luminous sheen. It had mostly opaque color, and it wore well for four hours on me. NARS Bolero is more matte, lighter. MAC Mehr is darker, more matte.
Burberry Tulip Pink is lighter. Bobbi Brown Miami Coral is warmer. See comparison swatches.


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Black & slate or white & silver: Which iPhone 5 color should you get?
This year, like the last few years, one of the biggest decisions you have to make about buying an iPhone 5 is which color will you get? Unlike the new iPod touches, the iPhones are still a two color affair -- black and white. But this year, they're also a two-tone affair, with a metal back plate breaking up the glass on the back. And for the black version, it's a blackout affair, which the aluminum anodized as dark as the glass.
Technically Apple is calling the iPhone 5 color options Black & Slate and White & Silver. So while you still have only two choices of iPhone color, with the iPhone 5 those choices are more extreme than ever before. So here's the story...
Is the White & Silver iPhone 5 more distracting?
TV sets are almost always black for a reason -- when you're watching a show or a movie, or playing a game, you want the TV set to disappear, so you can enjoy what you're doing without noticing a big colored rim around it.
The same goes for iPhone 5. Some people find having a white faceplate very distracting when they're watching videos or gaming, and others just don't like the contrast between the white border and the black screen when the device is off. It's very "panda".
Others aren't bothered by a white border at all and really like the two-tone look of the iPhone when its off. This year, however, you also have something else to consider. Until apps update for widescreen, they'll be letter-boxed or pillar-boxed on the iPhone 5, which means black bars. Those will almost disappear on a black iPhone 5. On a white iPhone 5, not so much...
I've had both a Black & Slate and a White & Silver iPhone 4 and have never been distracted nor irked by either one. If White & Silver catches your eye a little too much, however, you might want to stick with Black & Slate.
Will the White & Silver iPhone 5 discolor?
Rumor has it Apple delayed the launch of the white iPhone 4 in order to improve the UV protection and prevent discoloration. That's just a rumor, however. The white iPhone 4 has been on the market for over a year and a half now and there haven't been any widespread accounts of discoloration, and my own white iPhone 4 looks as white now as it did the day I bought it in 2011.
If you like White & Silver, so far the evidence says you'll be just fine.
Does the Black & Slate iPhone 5 look better?
Black is almost always the most popular color for electronics and electronics accessories. That's why it's so common. It's literally the hot little black number. So it's no wonder the Black & Slate iPhone 5 can't help but impress. That said, some people just love the look of a white phone, whether it's iPhone, BlackBerry, Android, or whatever. They sometimes get shipped in more limited quantities so, rightly or wrongly, there's a perceived air of exclusivity about them.
At the end of the day, you need to buy what you like. White & Silver tends to stand out more and can be more obvious with brightly colored cases. Is that something that appeals to you?
I loved the iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S in white. But the anodized Black & Slate this year really has my attention.
What about two-tone and anodized aluminum on the iPhone 5?
It would be incredibly difficult, if not impossible, to get glass and aluminum to blend together absolutely seamlessly on the back and sides of an iPhone 5, so Apple wisely isn't trying. They're going two tone. Namely Black & Slate and White & Silver.
Like the watch or race car trend, the Black & Slate is blacked out. White & Silver appears brighter and flashier. Think Darth Vader vs. Storm Trooper. Both mix texture and sheen to great effect. Both look hot.
Unless and until a significant flaw shows up in one or the other, you're fine with either.
So which iPhone 5 color should you get?
At the end of the day, the only real answer is get the color you like better. Everything else is manufactured anxiety at this point. Just close your eyes, picture your iPhone in your hand, and carefully look at what color you're picturing.
Then buy that.
iPhone 5 buyers guide
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Black & slate or white & silver: Which iPhone 5 color should you get?
White is more traditional? I completely disagree. What color were all the first iPhones? Black.
Agree! I think that every time I see the promo photo of the black phone and the white ear pods.
i've always like the elegance of white and how it stood out, but now that you mention the whole blackout of certain apps since they're not yet compatible to the 4 inch screen. i am now reconsidering. really appreciate that note, i have t-4 hours to choose and preorder! D:
I closed my eyes and pictured fire engine red! (shrug). But, hey, that's just me. :)
Black all day. That's just clean but, if I were, I'd probably get white to match my iPad. I did the same with my S3, got it in white.
Love it. I think they should dial back their push to differentiate and tighten up the core but overall it's awesome. I just don't care for the gimmick features they put in.
Black and Slate
"nuff said
When I saw the first leaked samples I would've picked the White but the official Black model has a Stealth Bomber type look to it and is a real eye catcher.
One thing I haven't seen mentioned: Bumpers!
I always thought the official Apple bumper was the best case for the iPhone 4/4S, offering adequate protection while still showing off the phone itself. They look great with the white versions too, so if they are offered again it will push me toward the white. Still, that black and slate looks really nice...
The title currently says "Black & Slate or White & Sliver: Which iPhone 5 color should you get?," instead of "silver."
Honestly, I got black last time and so, I would be tempted to get another black iPhone when my time comes, for the same reasons. However, I want us to keep our 4S's as back-up devices, so it might be useful to ... hmm. Even as I type that, I realize that there's no point in getting different colors to differentiate between the newer iPhones and the 4S, as the size difference will tell the tale.
Anyway, I hope that back is anti-slip. These devices are too slippery. I'm not clumsy. My iOS devices have been damaged only when they slipped out of a safe place and fell onto an unsafe place.
I took Black... because as you said, it's a standard color for consumer electronics.
My TV is black, my Apple TV is black, my PC (yes yes, I don't have a Macbook (yet)) is black, Nintendo 3DS is black, PS Vita is black, PSP is black, Kindle is black, PS3 is black, etc...
And when you turn the screen off, it's black, not white, so :)
The only white thing I got is my old Nintendo DS Lite, which got yellowish by aging. So, for me, having a white iPhone would make another alien in the family.
Got the black / slate model. But that white / silver model is pretty cool. Because it's really silver with white bezel and inlays. It's still mostly metallic.
If Apple had made a silver / black phone (bare aluminum with black bezel and black inlays) it would have been awesome. Really would have accentuated the 2-tone design. (At the risk of looking like an Oakland Raiders fan.)
That's the best iPhone 5 idea I've heard so far! I would pick up a silver/black model SO quick...
It's black for me - any other colour, especially white, is at risk - in my hands at least - to become very dirty, very soon. It's a childhood curse - what can I do?
REALLY llike the black look, but how durable is the coating? Would hate to have it in a case only to take it out and find out the the coating rubbed off. Or get a scratch. Seems like the white would not be as noticeable with daily wear and tear. On the other hand, I find that the white looks too much like the 4 / 4S. Lay them both face up and back up 5 feet and the become very similar. Didn't order one, will wait to see them on Friday.
See that was my concern too. I have had other anodized things before and the slightest scratch ruined it. I will say though that having black makes the screen seem to flow across the entire front of the phone.
I currently have a white Iphone, and was planning on getting another white one UNTIL I thought about the black bars with certain apps, and how it would look on the white. So this time around i'm going to get the black one, now looking at them up close the slate on the black looks REALLY good with the black color. I'm not really feeling the white and silver thing.
Plug and Pray! LOL love it!
Lmao! I couldn't agree more. I'm getting sick of commenting on each of the 3 million articles out there that talk about how this phone doesn't match up to the specs of the GSIII. No one seems to realize that no amount of memory or processor speed can compensate for the inherent flaws in the Android OS. iOS just WORKS. That's why most of these articles don't talk about the differences between the two operating systems... because they know Android would lose in a heartbeat! I'm so sick of Android and can't wait to get rid of mine. I have a feeling the iPhone 5 is going to turn me into an Apple fanboy.... lol
agreed. I have an android but hate the OS. WebOS was actually really good, but of course it's no longer out there so Apple is the way to go currently..
Great article Rene. I didn't think of it like this until now. I've always went with white but this year I ordered the black & slate one :)
Nothing personal Rene, but this is the kind of article one would expect to find on CultOfMac or one of the other, more sleazy, page-hit-crazy sites.
An entire article about a subjective choice that ends up with "it's up to you"?? Seriously?
This kind of fluff is only worth doing if you inject it with some humour or other craziness, otherwise you are just filling up column inches. It's fairly obvious that that's exactly what you are doing here and pretty much the only point for the article in the first place.
You might as well have just run a set of pictures of the iPhone 5, it would have been more interesting and probably got as many page hits.
The white and silver color is the one to go with since its an eye turner and every one wants to know which phone it is from afar.
B is for Black. Black means better. I will choose it. It is the most popular color. Apple icon is made of black too.
"I've had both a Black & Slate and a White & Silver iPhone 4 and have never been distracted nor irked by either one. " I'm sure you meant you've had both black & silver and white & silver on the iPhone 4. But yes, I agree that neither are all that distracting.
On another note, doesn't anyone else find the slate a little plasticky-looking or at least that the potential to look a little plasticky? My good friend who worked on all the antennas in the new iPhone said he's getting white because he thought the slate looked a little plasticky. I will probably want to take a look at them before making a decision on either color. I've had a black iPhone since the 3G so I'm leaning towards the white until I see a black one and see if I like that one better.
Also, why is everyone making such a big deal about the black letterboxing? I think developers would want to fix that sooner rather than later. Don't you think?
I'm so glad I read this article! I preordered my iPhone at Best Buy on Friday... and ever since I've been worrying that I should have gotten white instead of black. I even thought about calling and asking if I could change my order, but I was afraid to complicate things considering the preorder mess they had last year. I usually get everything in black too, and I'm usually even deterred from white. White appliances, white electronics, etc... not a fan. However, there's something about the white iPhone 5... it's the first iPhone I've ever liked in white. It manages to look elegant and classy while still being eye-catching and sharp! However, I didn't even realize how out of place it would look with black on the screen. I now feel less anxious about my choice. I'm also hoping that once I actually have the phone in my hands, it will look more appealing. I'm assuming the black looks a little boring on a computer screen but hoping it will be a little more sleek and sexy in person. Fingers crossed!
white for me. Apple normally pays a lot of attention to overall build quality, materials and finish. but anodized aluminum has this nasty tendency of not being too scratch resistant, and the anodized layer can wear off over time. I imagine this would look awful with the black model - while silver stays silver...
white for me. Apple normally pays a lot of attention to overall build quality, materials and finish. but anodized aluminum has this nasty tendency of not being too scratch resistant, and the anodized layer can wear off over time. I imagine this would look awful with the black model - while silver stays silver...
When the anodized black iphone 5 gets scratched on the aluminum back, will it show the color (silvery) of the aluminum?
White is clean, black is mean.
i dont think the color of the boarder around the screen distracts me i been using a white phone for a while now and i have a white iphone 5 and it dont seem to be a problem for me.. if i had a choice i would like a white tv also... black iphone does look nice but i prefer the white better
I had the black one and warranty'd it out for the white one because the black chips off the edges very easily and exposes the silver underneath, the white one may or may not have the same problem but you can't tell because it is all silver. I made the decision assuming my white iphone 5 would hold its value better.
At the end of the article, it is said "Unless and until a significant flaw shows up in one or the other, you're fine with either." Would the issue with the black model being more susceptible to being scratched and pocked and marred even with a case be characterized as a flaw?


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IFTLE 249 Merger Mania or Simple Economics? ; Wide Band Gap Semiconductors and Advanced Cooling
August 04, 2015
IoT, Healthcare and 5G to Drive RF and Microwave
May 07, 2015
How Software Can Impact Your Processes and Maximize Profit
View this paper to learn how Epicor ERP specifically aligns to the business needs of the electronics and high-tech industry, and hear how one electronics organization achieved improved operational controls, better inventory accuracy, and world class tools to meet supply chain requirements with Epicor ERP.July 01, 2015
Three Key Factors to Create Leak-Free Fitting Assemblies for Fluid Processing Applications
Operational efficiency is a critical factor in the fluid processing industry. The synergy of fitting components and assembly technology to achieve this objective is the focus of Fit-LINE, Inc. Applying extensive polymer technology and injection molding expertise, the company has analyzed the design, tooling and manufacturing processes required to create high-performance solutions for demanding high-purity fluid processing applications. Through extensive R&D, testing and evaluation, Fit-LINE has isolated three variables that need to be addressed to ensure leak-free fitting assemblies.June 01, 2015
Silicones Meet the Needs of the Electronics IndustryMore Technology Papers
Remarkable silicones. The combination of their unique ability to maintain physical properties across a wide range of temperature, humidity, and frequency--combined with their flexibility--set them apart. Silicone based adhesives, sealants, potting and encapsulation compounds are used in hundreds of consumer, business, medical, and military electronic systems. In this white paper, learn what makes silicones different from other organic polymers, why their properties remain stable across different temperatures, and how they have played a major role in the rapid innovation of the electronics industry.May 12, 2015
The Path to Future Interconnects
August 6, 2015 at 1:00 p.m. ET
Jon Candelaria, Semiconductor Research Corp.'s director of interconnect and packaging sciences, will summarize a SEMICON West Semiconductor Technology Symposium Session focused on interconnects. He'll describe the challenges for interconnect technology up to the end of the CMOS roadmap, and a few of the alternatives to address them. Next, he'll discuss possible directions beyond the roadmap, as well as interconnectivity requirements and solution paths for emerging applications.
Sponsored By:
Lock-in Thermography for Advanced Assembly Qualification
August 26, 2015 at 1:00 p.m. ETIncreasing IoT business opportunities drive a need for new packaging techniques such as FOWLP, Embedded Component Packaging, etc. Such new assembly techniques allow more components and functionality to be integrated into an ever decreasing package space. In parallel the faster product cycle drives the need for faster production ramp to stay competitive. All these challenges highlight the need for a better methodology to determine root cause of assembly-related defects during the new package process qualification process. We will demonstrate a totally non-destructive fault localization method based on a lock-in thermography with examples in these areas.
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Advanced PackagingMore Webcasts
August 2015 (Date and time TBD)Back-end packaging is increasingly important to semiconductor device form factor, thermal and power performance, and costs. Compounded by the demand for lead-free processing and the soaring cost of gold, the industry is developing new approaches to packaging, including redistribution layers (RDL), through silicon vias (TSV), copper pillars, wafer-level packaging (WLP) and copper wire bonding. Experts will discuss these and other approaches in this webcast.
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SPIE Optics and Photonics
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August 09, 2015 - August 13, 2015
European MEMS Summit
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September 17, 2015 - September 18, 2015
SPIE Photomask Technology 2015
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September 29, 2015 - October 01, 2015
SEMICON Europa 2015
Dresden, Germany
October 06, 2015 - October 08, 2015
International Electron Device Meeting 2015
Washington D.C. United States
December 07, 2015 - December 09, 2015
2015 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things
Milan, Italy
December 14, 2015 - December 16, 2015


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August 2014
20 August, 2014 | (01 hr)
Sign In to access this Webcast
Evolving labor shortages are likely to squeeze corporate profits in the next 15 years as compensation growth picks up and retention rates drop. As in the late 1990's, many businesses may experience a decline in corporate profits despite continued growth in revenues. The impact of labor shortages will vary significantly by occupation and industry.
This webcast will explore the results of an upcoming study which will reveal the economic and business implications of the looming shortages, with a specific focus on hiring, retention, compensation and corporate profits.
Series Host
Rebecca L. Ray, Ph.D.
Executive Vice President, Knowledge Organization and Human Capital Practice Lead
The Conference Board
Rebecca Ray serves as the Executive Vice President, Knowledge Organization for The Conference Board. In this role, she has oversight of the research planning and dissemination process for all three practices areas (Corporate Leadership, Economy &a... Full Bio
Gad Levanon, Ph.D.
Gad Levanon is Managing Director, Economic Outlook & Labor Markets at The Conference Board, where he also leads the labor markets program. He also serves on The Demand Institute™ leadership team.
Levanon created The Conference Board Employme...Full Bio
Amy Lui Abel, PhD
Amy Lui Abel is Managing Director of Human Capital at The Conference Board. She leads research efforts focusing on human capital analytics, leadership development, labor markets, strategic workforce planning, talent management, diversity and inclusion, human resources, and employee engagement.&nb...Full Bio


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Kim Kardashian and Kanye Take On New York Fashion Week, Plus Kim Clears Up Chris Lighty Tweet
What is Fashion week without an appearance from Kimye?
Kanye and his new muse Kim Kardashian was spotted out and about last night as they took in a few runway shows as part of Mercedes Benz New York Fashion Week. Although Kanye opted to wear a denim outfit to both shows, Kim rocked a white Manchesa dress with silver Jimmy Choo pumps to the first show, before switching into a letterman style jacket and skirt combination for the Louise Goldin runway show.
During a recent interview with Bossip, Kim revealed that she's being styled by Kanye's stylist (versus Kanye) and that her new style represents her evolution over the past year:
In regards to the clothes, I kept a stash to the side for a couple months to make sure that I liked the new stylist that he introduced me to. And I introduced his stylist to my stylist so that we could collaborate on a more sophisticated look, on something that kind of reflects my own personality and the change that I have had in my life. I feel like I've matured. I feel like I've grown up over the past year so I wanted a style that reflected that. So of course I was nervous and put all of my stuff in a guest room of mine for two months and once I didn't feel the need to take anything, [I got rid of it]. I liked evolving. I liked growing up a little bit. We are now Ebaying everything with a portion of the proceeds going to Life Change Community church so those auctions are starting now during Fashion Week.
Last week, Kim caused a bit of an uproar on twitter when she sent out a condolence tweet to Chris Lighty while mentioning one of her products:
Such sad news about Chris Lighty. He was an amazing partner in my fragrance LightHouse Beauty & friend. You will be missed!
In response, she told Bossip:
I sent my condolences to him but also explained that I'm not just tweeting it. I know him. I work with him. He owns my company. I didn't name my fragrances. I wasn't trying to promote my fragrance at all. I was just saying, I know him, like I've worked with him and I'm sad for his wife, his children and for that situation.


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Director of Christian Education (DCE)
Christian Educational Leadership Major
Those in the Director of Christian Education program are lifespan educational leaders prepared for team ministry in a congregational setting.
All those in the DCE program complete the Christian educational leadership major on the way to being called and commissioned by The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod. The Christian educational leadership major may also be completed by others who intend to serve in non-LCMS denominations.
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Learn more about the DCE progam and CEL major at Concordia.


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Sunday, December 1, 2013
All of the excitement - and stress - of the holidays are officially upon us. This time of year many are scurrying about, thinking of ways to entertain family and friends while getting all the holiday shopping finished. Mark off those "hard-to-buy-for" friends and family members on your Christmas list by escaping to Irvin-House Vineyards for two Holiday Open Houses to be held on Saturday, Dec. 7 and Saturday, Dec. 14 from noon until 5 p.m. These two events will get you in the holiday spirit and the best part - you get to sip and shop locally and purchase gifts for your friends and family they will truly want.
With each festive event, guests can enjoy live music from the De Gullah Singers, a complimentary glass of homemade hot, spiced wine (for those over 21 years of age), the delicious tastes of the Stono Café and plenty of shopping options provided by local vendors. Bring the whole family or make a trip out alone to enjoy the sounds and sights of the season under the oaks.
Need something for the person who has it all? Guests can choose from custom made gift baskets with themes such as the Bloody Mary Basket or the Moonshine Basket created by the Irvin House Vineyard and the Firefly Distillery. Relax and wine down under the oaks while a customized basket is made to order for you. Shipping options are available.
Visitors are encouraged to bring lawn chairs or a blanket and relax on the expansive lawn. Food will be available for purchase from Stono Cafe' and Irvin~House Vineyards wine may be purchased by the glass or bottle and enjoyed outside. Tastings in the Firefly Vodka distillery and Irvin~House Vineyard winery are only $6 to taste six of 24 flavors of Firefly Spirits and $5 to taste five wines. Patrons will receive complimentary glasses during both tastings. Pets are allowed but must be leashed, and no coolers please. Regular hours at the vineyard are Tuesday - Saturday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Please check ther website for information on special holiday hours and closings.
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