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Other than the fact that Jabba was digitally entered into ANH:SE, why is it he looks smaller, has different eyes, and has a completely different dorsal coloration than when he is in ROTJ?
Other than the fact that Jabba was digitally entered into ANH:SE, why is it he looks smaller, has different eyes, and has a completely different dorsal coloration than when he is in ROTJ?
Someone screwed up. Or they didn't do a thorough job, which explains why Han was moved so as to step on Jabba's tail, but his hand still passes right through Jabba's head at one point.
AC Crispin wrote a trilogy of books about Han's pre-ANH adventures, and it was the first to deal with this question. Apparently Hutts almost triple in size very quickly as they reach middle age, and they often change colors at this point. The Essential Guide to Alien Species goes even further and says their demeanor changes; it includes a quote by Han that explains how Jabba is almost fatherly in ANH:SE and downright nasty in ROTJ.
Of course, Lucas messed that up when Jabba was fat and green in TPM. Various EU stories have said that Jabba has used a man named Heater and an alien named Mosep as decoys, so maybe he used a younger Hutt as a decoy as well.
Tommy, close your eyes.
I remember Heater from the radio drama...but...was he supposed to be a Hutt?
"Two in the box, ready to go, we be fast, and they be slow!"
Check out my art at The Terrace Room!
I don't think Jabba's big change from ANH to ROTJ is that hard to believe... until you factor in Ep 1. In ROTJ, Jabba is a kingpin druglord who never has to move except to eat frogs and smack 3PO around, but in ANH, he's out and about, he's on the move, making his own deals and taking care of business in person, so of course he's going to be slimmer and healthier-looking.
Then Ep 1 adds Jabba in for no reason at all and ruins that whole theory. So, between the size, the power, and the phoney Bib Fortuna, I'm rewriting Ep 1 in my mind to have Jabba and Bib not exist.
Darth Vader is becoming the Mickey Mouse of Star Wars.
"In Brooklyn, a castle, is where dwell I"
The use of a lightsaber does not make one a Jedi, it is the ability to not use it.
Since you can never remove them are you going to change their names in your mind to say... Gabba and Gib?Originally posted by JediTricks
So, between the size, the power, and the phoney Bib Fortuna, I'm rewriting Ep 1 in my mind to have Jabba and Bib not exist.
''You fool, my reach is far greater than the Jedi.Only a Sith can wield the force over such a great distance.'' - Darth Sidious
I think this is a great example of how, if you truly love something...you just have to look the other way sometimes at it's imperfections.
My wife treats me like an ATM machine. She pushes my buttons until I give her money.
"Gabba and Gib" heh heh, or perhaps I'll use the worst gimmick of all, the characters we see in Ep 1 are Jabba's and Bib's fathers who, coincidentaly have the same names.
DC, that'd be more accurate if I did truly loved Ep 1, but I don't.
Darth Vader is becoming the Mickey Mouse of Star Wars.
"In Brooklyn, a castle, is where dwell I"
The use of a lightsaber does not make one a Jedi, it is the ability to not use it.
I have to concur with Darth Cruel on this one. However, in the end you must understand that in the production of Star Wars films a great deal of the "back story" created for those who have to have that kind of thing is largely ignored, forgotten, or in all likelyhood, not even known. Everyone seems to assume that the LucasFilm team is as steeped in the rich retro-history of the Star Wars Universe as they are. If one really delves deeply into this "history" you will find constant and glaring inconsistancies. Why? Because as much of an effort as LucasFilm puts into reviewing new material, no one really pays enough attention to every minute detail (except fans) so many things just fall through the cracks leaving fans to pose questions on forums like this asking why, (I now offer an example based on conjecture and not an actual literary source) if (fill in the blank character) was trained by (fill in the blank character) according to (fill in the blank source) did he shoot at him when he saw him on (fill in the blank planet) in (fill in the blank book). Ultimately there is not a cut and dried continuity and as a result many "facts" suffer.Originally posted by Darth Cruel
I think this is a great example of how, if you truly love something...you just have to look the other way sometimes at it's imperfections.
But in reality, The Special Editions were the first foray into CGI characters that LucasFilm had yet done. Jabba was something of a challenge due to the fact that Lucas truly had NO IDEA in the 70's that Jabba would be a giant slug EVER! Otherwise Han never would have been allowed to walk behind the actor and cause the problem of placement that forced the animators to use the awkward tail step. You assume too much about the origins of Jabba's design. In the 70's, between Star Wars and Empire, Marvel Comics published an adaptation of the movie and launched a monthly series. Twice in the series, Jabba the Hutt appeared in person. He was NOT a slug, he was not a portly human, but instead looked much like an alien seen walking the opposite direction of Luke, Ben, and the droids as they entered the docking bay. We used to refer to him as the true Walrus Man as he had a walrus like face and huge wiskers. On film he looked rather pink, Marvel used the same head and made him yellow in color. In the adaptation of the comic they reproduced (for the first time anywhere) the very interaction between Han and Jabba seen in ANHSE, almost line for line. I'd heard (or read) the line, "Why'd you have to fry poor Greedo", back in 1977. About a year or two later, before Empire, Jabba returned in a story called "Whatever Happened to Jabba the Hutt?" and was aparantly killed!
In the end, the SE version of Jabba just stinks and by TPM, the state of the art in CGI was better (and a better artist was tapped to do the animation and design). Another arguement for why Jabba looked different was that, in his palace, he was in a poorly lit and smokey enviornment. Also, it would not be outside the realm of possibility that Hutts can change color to some degree based on ambiant light and envornment.
LOL! I hear you JT. I can't let that go either. I'll restrict my last message to meaning the Original Trilogy.
My wife treats me like an ATM machine. She pushes my buttons until I give her money.
I think that there is always problems when you go back and add to a flim or a book.I do like the added parts to all the flims and I guess I don't pay to close attention to some details.I just try to take it all in as a whole and place myself in the Star WArs universe somewhere.The rest I put together in my mind[Whats left of it]I find if I spend to much time tring to figure out whats wrong I miss the right.I will admit thats there are holes and things I would have done different,but I didn't do it.I just enjoy it.
"I have a bad feeling about this".
"Just when I remembered what it was,I forgot where I put it."


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Anthony Pettis: I Feel Like I Have the Best Striking in MMA
EXCLUSIVE (Part 2) | Anthony Pettis: I Feel Like I Have the Best Striking in MMA | UFC NEWS MMA News | Mixed Martial Arts | UFC News | BJPenn | MMA Fight | UFC Fights
The whole time I was off this guy was pushing my buttons and calling me out. He was saying I was afraid to fight him and that I was a fighter who tried to hide out behind one of my wins. That was not the case, I was really injured. I had surgery on my shoulder, when you have shoulder surgery you really cant do much, it takes a long time to recover. I had a lot of aggression built up, it kind of sucked that it only lasted about two minutes because I had a lot planned.
Fans, Pettis and Henderson himself have been clamoring for a rematch between the two former WEC Lightweight Champions since the two met at WEC 53 in what the last bout ever to be contested in a WEC cage. Pettis defeated Henderson by the narrowest of margins, many feel he sealed the victory when he landed the Showtime kick in the fifth round. Now that he has dropped to featherweight Henderson-Pettis II will have to wait, but should Bendo defeat Melendez in April and Pettis upset Aldo in August there could be a scenario in which Pettis becomes the second man in UFC history to try and hold two UFC titles simultaneously.
That would be amazing, thats something that has never been done before, said Showtime. You cant look past a guy like Jose Aldo. Im dropping ten pounds and fighting out of my comfort zone. Im fighting the champion for 25 minutes so if you look at it all the odds are stacked against me. Well see what happens, Henderson has to do his thing. Im sure he will, he should win his fight against Gil. I have my work cut out for me with Aldo. Hes a scary dude, but I feel I have a fighting style thats hard for a lot of guys to beat.
Aldo has yet to face a fighter with the stand-up skills comparable to Pettis. For the most part he has faced guys with solid grappling backed up by adequate striking. Mark Hominick probably posed the biggest threat to Aldo on the feet, but itll be a whole new ballgame once he steps in there with Pettis.
I feel like I have one of the best stand-up games in mixed martial arts, Pettis said confidently. Its only getting better, Im 26-years-old and Im always learning something new. Im always adding stuff to my game and evolving as a fighter. I feel like Im one of the best strikers in MMA, I just need the time to prove it. All these other guys have 25 minute fights while my last two fights were four minutes combined. You havent really seen my full potential yet.

subset: commoncrawl


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Starting from scratch, Pivot's engineers went into their new cyclocross endeavor fully focused on designing the ultimate bike in terms of both efficiency and versatility. The Vault's geometry, tube shapes, and intuitive features perfectly illustrate these attributes, as the new bike serves to...
|Wilier Cento1 Air/Shimano Dura-Ace - Ultegra 11 Complete Road Bike - 2014
In case you've been living under a rock, the age of the aero road bike is upon us, which makes Wilier's timing perfect in introducing the Cento1 Air Dura-Ace - Ultegra 11 Complete Road Bike. As the next evolution of the Cento1 SR, you already know that this is a thoroughbred that loves to go fast...
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Wilier puts it, "The spirit of the Gran Turismo is embodied in the soul of the GTS." What the Italian frame manufacturer really means is that its new GTS was developed for riders who want that lively race feel in their road machines, but without the aggressive race fit. To achieve this, Wilier...
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0 Results for 'Bose SoundLink Wireless Mobile Speaker LX'
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The Horse Creek Historical Society will meet on Monday at 7 p.m. in the parish house of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Graniteville. Speakers will be representatives of the Recleim plant that is scheduled to open in 2014. All those interested are welcome to attend.
The City of Aiken's Fifth Annual Hard Labor Day BBQ Cook-Off will be held from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Monday. The menu will feature spare ribs, Boston butts, baked beans and slaw. Tickets are $8 in advance and $10 at the gate, and can be purchased at Aiken Public Safety Headquarters, Aiken City Administration and Finance building and the H. Odell Weeks Activities Center. All proceeds from the cook-off will benefit the United Way of Aiken County. For more information, call public safety at 803-642-7661.
The Aiken Women In Black holds a Vigil for Peace from 4:30 to 6 p.m. on the first and third Monday of each month. Everyone is invited to join the group to witness for peace, in protest against all war and violence. The group stands on Whiskey Road at Hitchcock Drive (the entrance to Aiken Estates), across from The Fresh Market. For information, call Brenda at 803-648-6020 or David at 803-215-3263.
The Heritage Council of North Augusta will host a presentation on the history of Hamburg on Tuesday at 7 p.m. Speakers will be Lauren Virgo, director of the Arts and Heritage Center, and Milledge Murray, exhibits chairman and board member of the AHC and vice president of the heritage council. For more information, call 803-270-9400.
The Pink Ribbonettes, a local support group dedicated to helping breast cancer survivors, those newly diagnosed and their caregivers, will meet on Tuesday from 10:30 a.m. to noon at Millbrook Baptist Church, 1901 Whiskey Road, in the educational building. For more information, call Irene at 803-649-9267 or Dianne at 803-644-3902 or visit www.pinkribbonettes.com.
Mountain Dulcimers of Aiken will meet on Tuesday and Sept. 17 from 6 to 7:30 p.m. at St. John's United Methodist Church, 104 Newberry St. N.W., in the choir room. Enter through the entrance on Chesterfield Street. For more information, call 803-226-9280.
Belles Canto, a vocal ensemble for girls ages 12 to 19, is preparing for its holiday concerts in December and will hold rehearsals on Tuesdays from 5 to 6:30 p.m. beginning Sept. 3. The group is led by voice teacher Diane Haslam. For more information about the group, guidelines for participation or an audition time, email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Auditions for Bound to Sing, Aiken's county-wide boy's choir, will be held on Tuesday from 4 to 5 p.m. in the choir room of Aiken's First Baptist Church. Boys in fourth through seventh grade with unchanged voices, a good ear for music and desire to sing are invited. Choir tuition is $50 per semester. Boys are responsible for attending rehearsals and supplying khaki trousers and a polo shirt. Rehearsals will be held on Tuesdays from 3:50 to 5:15 p.m. beginning Sept. 10. For more information, email email@example.com.
The Aiken Center for the Arts, 122 Laurens St. S.W., will offer Hip Hop Fitness on Tuesdays from 6 to 7:30 p.m. Classes are led by Denise Raymond and are open to students of all levels. To register, visit www.aikencenterforthearts.org or call 803-641-9094.
A lacrosse clinic for boys and girls ages 8 to 18 will be held Tuesday and Wednesday from 6 to 8 p.m. at Citizens Park, 651 Old Airport Road. The cost is $30. Stick and balls will be provided. To register, visit www.Active.com.
The Three Rivers Solid Waste Authority will meet on Wednesday at 6:30 p.m. at the Authority's administrative office at the Regional Landfill in Jackson.
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August 5, 2015
DALLAS -- Cities across Texas are holding marches, parades and encouraging good works on the national holiday honoring slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.
MLK organizers in Austin scheduled a program at King's statue on the University of Texas campus, to be followed by a march to the Texas Capitol. Participants are also encouraged to donate items to a food bank.
Thousands are expected to take part in an MLK march in San Antonio. Two parades in Houston will honor King's legacy.
NFL Hall of Famer Earl Campbell will serve as celebrity grand marshal for an MLK parade and festival in Dallas. Fort Worth is also holding an MLK holiday parade and rally.
Some Texas communities held weekend MLK events, including community service work projects and interfaith services.
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Global Spiritual Life presents Faith Zone. Recipient of the 2014 Inaugural Spirituality and Religion in Higher Education Outstanding Spiritual Initiative Award, Faith Zone is a training workshop designed to promote spiritual and religious literacy and dialogue. NYU students, faculty, and staff members can participate in one of our Fall 2014 trainings to become Faith Zone certified. Faith Zone Trainings (FZT) are a resource for students, faculty and staff on campus who desire innovative and participatory training, contextualized resources, and honest dialogue about religion & spirituality. Based upon the Safe Zone model which is used to educate groups about the LGBTQ community, these FZT sessions take a dual approach that integrates theory and practice. In doing so, FZT engages participants in activities which will increase religious literacy and offer practical tools for learning about religion and spirituality.
Topics covered include reflecting on personal experiences with faith and spirituality, examining the global and local context for various religious traditions represented at NYU, as well as discussing tips for creating a safe and welcoming environment in one's office, residence hall, student group or classroom. Participants will receive a certificate of completion and placard to display verifying the completion of the training.
Click on a date from the list below to reserve your seat. Reservations are required.
You may request a training session if scheduled sessions are full, if you're looking to host Faith Zone along with another event or program, or for larger groups. Three- to four-weeks advance notice is preferred.
The following texts are recommended to those seeking Faith Zone trainings:


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Jimmy Choo shoes are in Italian sizing
A sparkling clutch bag is the perfect way to pep up a little black dress. Cosma is sleek and cylindrical, a shape that feels modern yet classic. This is a bag you will love for years to come.
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Only hotels in Northville are listed below. Find cheap and discounted hotel/motel rates in or nearby Northville, MI for your upcoming personal or group trip. Discover the best Northville, Michigan motel and hotel rooms. Browse the Northville area hotels to find the perfect lodging! Please use the provided map of the Northville hotels. Group booking? Search Northville Group Hotel RatesThe Northville center is about the area of Michigan Forensics Lab and 4 miles from Suburban Collection Showplace.
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Online Services
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Kansas City, United States
Alfresco Kansas City Meet Up
Flying Saucer, 101 East 13th St. Kansas City, MO 64106
Tuesday September 10, from 4:30PM
Join your fellow Kansas City area Alfrescans to discuss the trials, tribulations, and successes of their Alfresco projects. The agenda could change based on who attends and what their interests are. A proposed working agenda is:
- Introductions
- What is Alfresco? What is ECM? (If needed)
- Share your story: How Are You Using Alfresco?
- Discuss goals and objectives for the Meet Up group going forward
- Miscellaneous tidbits: Up-coming events (ComputeMidwest, for example), ARMA
There will be appetizers and drinks at the meeting.


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High quality, budget accommodation ideal for both families and business travellers. Spacious, en suite bedrooms feature tea and coffee making facilities, and Freeview TV in most hotels. Internet acces...More about Premier Inn Basildon (Festival Park)
Expect a warm welcome at this family-owned and managed hotel, situated on the outskirts of Brentwood just off the M25. The stylish bedrooms are divided between the main hotel and a bedroom wing; each ...More about De Rougemont Manor


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NIH-Supported Scientists Examine Adjusting Flu Shot for Tots
Saint Louis University Examines Immune Response in Babies, Toddlers
ST. LOUIS - Saint Louis University is conducting a National Institutes of Health-sponsored clinical trial that studies whether a higher dose flu vaccine given to older children and adults is safe and more effective than the current lower dose given to tots.
|Edwin Anderson, M.D.
"Babies between 6 and 35 months currently receive half of the dose of the flu vaccine that is given to older children and adults. Because there's no medical evidence that babies should receive a smaller dose of vaccine, we're studying what dose of seasonal influenza vaccine works best to protect little ones from flu," said Edwin Anderson, M.D., research professor in the division of infectious diseases at Saint Louis University School of Medicine who is leading the clinical trial for SLU's Center for Vaccine Development.
"It's possible that we're not giving babies a strong enough vaccine because at some point in the past someone just halved the adult dose and made a recommendation... rather than one based in real science."
The study continues research on influenza vaccines in young children begun last year at Saint Louis University and at other Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units (VTEUs) funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
"This year's seasonal influenza vaccine is the same as last year's, which gives us an opportunity to enroll a larger number of young children in our study. Any time you can increase your sample size, you increase the validity of your data," Anderson said.
The study seeks to recruit about 270 children between 6 and 35 months old from sites across the nation. About 30 are expected to be enrolled at Saint Louis University's Center for Vaccine Development, which, like other VTEUs, will test the safety and measure the body's immune response to two strengths of this year's flu vaccine -- 0.25 ml, the current dose, and 0.5 ml.
Anderson said younger children, whose immune systems are less mature than older children and adults, might build up more infection fighting proteins if they are given the full dose of flu vaccine. In addition, because of improvements in the vaccine, health scientists do not expect to see an increase in side effects or safety issues.
"The bottom line is safety," Anderson said. "Through our research, we are making sure the higher strength of vaccine is safe for babies."
Because babies between 6 and 35 months get the flu more frequently than older children and adults, with significantly more doctor visits and hospitalizations, it's critical to find the most effective dose of vaccine for tots, Anderson added.
Influenza may lead to or contribute to ear infections in young children. And with symptoms that usually are worse than those from other viral infections such as the common cold, influenza can be prevented by receiving a flu vaccine, he added.
On the forefront of research in fighting and preventing infectious diseases, Saint Louis University has received federal funding as a Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit for two decades. The Saint Louis University VTEU evaluates new and improved vaccines for diseases such as influenza and novel ways of delivering those vaccines.
Please visit the ClinicalTrials.gov website for more information on this study.
To learn more about the vaccine research being conducted at Saint Louis University, call (314) 977-6333 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.


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$20 is awfully steep. I love the app on my iPhone and iPad, but is the Mac version really worth $20 when compared to TweetDeck?
Tweetbot for Mac developer Todd Thomas and designer Mark Jardine talk process, production, and pricing
Tweetbot for Mac officially hits the Mac App Store today, and thanks to Tweetbot for iOS developer Paul Haddad simultaneously ducking behind him, and throwing him in front of the camera, I had a chance to chat with Tweetbot for Mac developer Todd Thomas about the newest Tapbots creation, and their first for OS X.
We covered everything from the impetuous for Tweetbot for Mac, to the development process, to the price point and the realities of living -- and selling -- in a post-restricted user token world.
To round things out, and get a little more clarity on the design side, I also had a chance to catch up with Tapbots' Mark Jardine over old-school text.
On the Tweetbot -- and Tapbots in general -- aesthetic, which has been iOS only until now, and what it was like translating that to the Mac:
One of my primary goals of Tweetbot for Mac was to keep the same aesthetic going throughout while still feeling like a Mac app. I'm not sure I succeeded, but I tried my best. It's kind of funny because Tapbots started out with very experimental UI ideas and have always been purposefully over-the-edge so to speak. I know it's definitely not for everyone, but it's been a very fun experience. It worked out really well for our utility apps, but pushing our look and feel onto a Twitter client was a huge risk. I'm well aware that many find it too busy, but this is after all a Tapbots app and the brand must live on through each app we do under this company. The funny thing is my design work is traditionally very minimalistic. I'd say to the point of being a bit bland. So it always makes me chuckle when people associate this look with my personal style. I guess I should take that as a compliment to my brand consistency?
Anyways, back to Tweetbot for Mac. Some early designs started out with the light-colored chrome familiar to most Mac apps. But it just didn't feel like Tweetbot to me. One of the big issues with going with a dark interface is by default, OSX apps look horrible with it. Look at Apple's Reminders app over a light background for example. The edges become muddy because the 1px app border just isn't dark enough. So we ended up hacking a few things together to get it to look right. There are a few other issues as a result, but we are working through them.
I knew from the very beginning that I would be taking the iPad app's navigation interface and applying it on the Mac. I think that ties the apps together well. Everything else was really a mix between what worked on the iPhone and what worked on the iPad. If something didn't work right, we'd rethink it all.
The biggest challenge was definitely solving all the problems that come up with this new (to me at least) platform altogether. When I design for the iPad, I miss all the constraints of the iPhone. When I design for the Mac, I miss the constraints of iOS. Having strict boundaries gives me time to focus on ever little detail. The scope of the UI and experience of apps on the Mac is just really large...especially when you start going custom with the UI. This app took us a year to develop and I still feel like there's still so much more to improve. It will get better though and I've learned a lot from this experience.
On the gesture shortcuts in iOS and moving those over to the Mac:
I'll be honest with you. It was Paul and Todd who spent most of the time figuring out the gestures and keyboard shortcuts. I just made sure nothing felt really out of place. Apple's trackpads/magic mice definitely helps make the transition from iOS to Mac a bit smoother.
The hardest decision related to input device differences was with the tweet drawer. Originally we planned on having our signature tweet drawer in the Mac app. But after a few prototypes we quickly learned that it just didn't feel right at all on the Mac. We tried a bunch of different things and ended up settling with the hover action we have now. I'm still not quite sure it's the best solution, but that's the conclusion we ended up with.
If you haven't already, be sure to check out our full Tweetbot for Mac review, and if you like what you see, grab the app via the link below.
- $19.99 - Download now
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
Tweetbot for Mac developer Todd Thomas and designer Mark Jardine talk process, production, and pricing
Twitter has limited their customer base. There's only a finite number of people they can sell to, and then they get cut off. It makes sense to charge a higher price given that Twitter has artificially limited the amount of copies you can sell.
If I can only sell 500,000 copies of my software EVER, then I'm going to charge a higher price than if I can sell an unlimited number of copies of my software.
TweetDeck is operated by Twitter Inc. and is not subject to these limits. (Plus many would argue that if you actually like the aesthetic of TweetDeck, then you most likely will not appreciate's Tweetbot's aesthetic and vice-versa.)
I'm actually glad they're pricing this App as high as they think they can get away with - it's priced me out of the running even though I loved using the Beta - but in doing so I definitely have more respect for the company as a whole and the long-term dedication they put in all their apps. I suspect the price will come down naturally over time, and maybe Twitter will do the right thing and simply try to monetize Access Tokens in place of less-ad revenue rather than simply denying developers & users additional tokens.


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HAZARD – There has been lots of talk in recent years about the increasing coyote population in Eastern Kentucky, but officials in Perry County are also seeing an uptick in calls related to another nuisance animal — wild pigs.
Hazard police officers responded to the latest call Thursday on Argyle Circle, said Lt. Paul Campbell, after what he described as a large feral pig was spotted inside a resident's yard. And this latest report wasn't the first the department has received in recent weeks.
"I think this is maybe the third complaint that I can think of regarding released or feral pigs in the neighborhood," Campbell said.
Campbell isn't sure where the pigs spotted in Hazard are coming from, if they were released or escaped from a pen, but he noted the animal spotted on Thursday was definitely feral and putting it down was the only option available.
"In this case, Fish and Wildlife, they suggested really the only option is attempted capture or putting the animal down, and there was no opportunity for attempted capture on this," Campbell said, though he added officers in another situation were able to capture some animals during a prior call in the same neighborhood just few weeks ago.
Wild pigs are considered non-native nuisance animals and found in localized populations across the state, according to the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife, largely the result of people illegally releasing the animals into the wild to hunt.
Chad Soard, a wildlife biologist with the agency's wild pig program, explained that while in some cases shooting the animals is the best option, it is not necessarily an effective population control method. If the pigs are found in large groups, and only one or two is put down, the others in the group will learn to shy away from humans as much as possible.
"In truth, removing one animal out of the group really does nothing," Soard said. "It's always a good thing if there's a solitary animal in front of you and you can take a safe shot and remove that pig. If they're in a group, you are better off to the hold that trigger."
Recreational hunting can also be counter-productive in terms of population control because it drives the animals to contain most of their activity to the nighttime hours. Coincidentally, while it is legal in Kentucky to hunt wild pigs year round with a license, it is illegal to hunt the animals at night.
And like other wildlife such as whitetail deer, the agency is not looking to manage any populations of wild pigs in the state.
"You can't outpace their reproduction. They're a very smart animal, and this is not an animal we're looking to manage on the landscape," he said. "We are looking to eradicate them. This is an invasive species."
Problems caused by wild pigs can be three-fold, including damage to local agriculture and the native ecosystem. And then there's the disease factor. Forty-five different parasites have been known to be carried by wild pigs, which can in turn be transferred to other animals or even humans. And there also exists the possibility of physical injury considering the animals can reach well over 200 pounds.
"Like any wild animals … they're unpredictable by nature," Soard said. "You always want to give them the respect they deserve and give them their space. Most wild pigs, quite honestly like many things, they don't want to be around us any more than we want to be around them."
Soard said Kentucky's problem with wild pigs isn't as pervasive when compared to other states like Texas and Alabama where much larger populations are found, but the state is looking to be proactive in preventing wild pigs to continue to spread. So far, 28 of Kentucky's 120 counties have reported a confirmed sighting (Perry County was not one of them as of this week), and 17 counties have confirmed breeding populations.
Soard urged anyone who spots a wild pig to report it to Fish and Wildlife immediately, and in some cases the department will be able to assist.
"We want to work with you," he said. "We've got trapping cost-share programs, and sometimes we can help with active control. We're going to do what we can to assist."


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Two Aiken men were detained for shoplifting after they allegedly tried to steal more than $150 in alcohol then led officers on a short foot chase, according to the Aiken Department of Public Safety.
Willie Lee Carter Jr., 22, of Sundy Avenue, was charged with shoplifting, three counts of failure to comply and trespass after notice.
Tremeyne Perry, 18, of Aldrich Street, was charged with shoplifting, possession of marijuana with intent to distribute and failure to comply. Because the incident happened less than a half mile from the USC Aiken campus, Perry was also charged with possession with intent to distribute within a half mile of a school.
Both men were placed in the Aiken County detention center, where they remained on Tuesday afternoon.
The incident happened about 4 p.m. Thursday at the Walmart on Richland Avenue. The two men were seen running from the store after they allegedly tried to steal 47 alcoholic beverages valued at about $157, according to the report.
Perry was apprehended by an officer at the SRP bank nearby, according to the report. Carter continued to flee, disregarding commands to stop, according to the report.
Officers, including an off-duty state trooper, pursued Carter across Richland Avenue and into a wooded area behind the Econo Lodge, according to the report. Officers continued down University Parkway and stopped Carter as he exited the woods near Sports Plus Rehabilitation.
The two men allegedly filled a cart with beer and wine and tried to exit the store without paying, according to the report. When confronted by a loss prevention officer, they fled the scene.
While searching Carter, officers found a large, plastic bag containing three smaller plastic bags, each containing a green, leafy, plant-like substance, according to the report.
Perry was on trespass notice for the Richland Avenue Walmart due to a previous shoplifting incident, according to the report.
Teddy Kulmala covers the crime beat for the Aiken Standard. He is a graduate of Clemson University and hails from Williston.
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1878 7TF $1 Type-One Obv, Reverse of 1878 MS63 PCGS. Vam 100 Top100. PCGS Population (45/36). NGC Census: (0/0)....
Description1878 7TF $1 Type-One Obv, Reverse of 1878 MS63 PCGS. Vam 100 Top100. PCGS Population (45/36). NGC Census: (0/0). (Variety PCGS# 133832, Base PCGS# 7074)
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Partly Cloudy
Wind: 3 mph
Resilience in the wake of a changing climate
By Deb Markowitz, secretary, Vermont Agency of Natural Resources
"This is not the time for illusion or evasion; it is a time for transformation"
- David Orr, 2011
The devastation wrought by Superstorm Sandy last month serves as a sad reminder that climate change is real; and it is having a very real and detrimental impact on our communities, our families and our livelihoods. The economic and human costs of Sandy are staggering. We cannot wait for the next Sandy or Irene, or the next historic blizzard, heat wave, drought or wildfire. We must address the causes of climate change and prepare for its inevitable impacts. We need to plan, and we need to act.
Vermont has an opportunity to lead this effort. Living in small communities, close to the land, we know firsthand that everything is interconnected; vibrant communities, healthy people, well-balanced ecosystems and a strong economy go hand-in-hand. We see that when ecological systems become unbalanced there is a corresponding detrimental impact on our lives and our pocketbooks. We need look no further than our backyard for evidence that this is so: in places where pollution from stormwater runoff has made the waters in Lake Champlain un-swimmable, businesses that rely on visitors to the lake are suffering. Where air quality is poor, increasing numbers of children are experiencing asthma attacks that cause unnecessary suffering and economic hardship as parents miss work and pay thousands of dollars in medical expenses. Where wetlands have been compromised or destroyed, flood damage becomes more severe, impacting lives and seriously impairing already strained budgets.
After witnessing the aftermath of Superstorm Sandy, author Andrew Zolli wrote in a New York Times commentary that we must learn to be resilient – "to imbue our communities, institutions and infrastructure with greater flexibility, intelligence and responsiveness to extreme events." At the same time, we need to take steps now to ensure that our ecosystems can bounce back and adapt to the changes we are experiencing. When we protect our environment we invest in our future resilience.
So let's begin to envision what Vermont would look like as a collection of resilient communities. In each of our cities, towns and villages we can begin to identify our strengths and vulnerabilities. Let's think creatively about the investments we could make today that will help us survive, and even thrive, in the face of unexpected challenges. Let's rethink how we build (or rebuild) our transportation infrastructure; how we get and deliver our energy; where and how we grow our communities and preserve or restore ecosystems; and how we create greater economic opportunities for our neighbors.
These are all issues we are looking at as a part of the work we are doing in Governor Shumlin's Climate Cabinet. However, one thing we know is that, while government has to be part of the solution, a lot of the changes we need to see require all Vermonters to get involved. And many of them have:
The difficulties we face in the wake of Irene and now Sandy serve as stark reminders that the work we are doing to create resilient communities is vitally important. These are changing and challenging times; but one thing we have learned as Vermonters is that by working together we can make a difference for ourselves and for future generations.


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|276 posts found
For a while now I've been curious about the actual world sizes of various MMORPG's, not just subjective perception but concrete figures.
Yes, I know such a comparison between gameworlds has been made earlier, as can be found on this site and others, but to put it bluntly, that comparison and picture is false and a lie.
Not that I know the exact measurements of all the worlds in the games mentioned there, but several of them like LotrO and GW Nightfall are way off the mark, in fact they're so ridiculously wrong that it simply astounds me that all the sites where I found that picture just copied its figures as fact and true, without doing even the slightest factchecking.
So, here's another attempt to true worldsize comparisons with what I could discover so far.
Besides actual ingame size in square miles (or km), 2 other aspects are important to figure size out, and that's crossing distance and run speed.
crossing distance: the time it takes to travel at normal speed from one end of the map to the other end in a straight line without hindrances, as a bird could fly it
=> the most accurate way to figure this out, is to run in a straight line for 0.5-1 min, check on the map what distance you've crossed and then use this and extrapolate it to find the length and width of a map or continent in crossing time.
run speed: this is the actual ingame travel speed, crossing time doesn't mean much when you can travel in 1 MMO twice as fast at normal speed as in another MMO. It's crossing distance and run speed that give an accurate picture.
=> There's 3 ways to figure run speed out:
1. Use a human avatar of average height to get an estimation of size ingame, and then use this to figure out distances ingame (use a corpse or avatar that lies down on the ground, average human = 1.7-1.8m = x pixels etc)
2. Use the measures that are ingame (eg some spells have a range of 25m etc)
3. The most circumvential method, set your screen resolution at the same measurements for several MMORPG's, then take an object in the distance, for example, 2 inch high in all of the MMORPG's, and then measure how long it takes for you to reach it in each MMORPG. This should result in the run speeds in the several MMO's comparative to each other.
Since I'm not the only one who was curious and who did some experiments and since I don't play all these MMORPG's right now myself, I used what I could find on the internet from people who did their tests like described above. If there are people who came up with different figures from their tests, feel free to let me know.
But this is what I found out so far:
World of Warcraft
size: Kalimdor N => S coast and E=>W coast = 10 x 4 miles
Eastern Kingdoms (WoW vanilla) N => S and E => W coast = 9.5 x 3.5 miles
crossing distance: Kalimdor from N => S coast 42 min, from E => W coast 17 min
run speed (source): 14.4 m/h
Comments: source for the size figures can be found here
Lord of the Rings Online
crossing distance: Celondim => Rivendell 45 min
size: the current LotrO world map (where Rohan, Gondor etc is still missing) is 16 x 31 miles
run speed (source): 14.6 m/h
Comments: I couldn't find any accurate size or travel info, so I did a test like described above with the 50 min for Celondim => Rivendell in a straight line as a result. The world map figures are deceptive, if you look here you can see what's actually in use (pre-Mirkwood expansion)
Star Wars Galaxies
size: 10 x 10 miles for each of the 9 planets (or 10x10 km, unclear for now), 15x15x15 km for space zones
Comments: I didn't find any official statements or test results for that figure, but that's the number that has been thrown around on several sites
Guild Wars
crossing distance (source): Tyria world map is from North to South 38.5 min by 45.5 min (E -> W)
(source 2) Cantha is (N->S) 27 min by 35 min (E -> W)
size: Tyria world map is 11 x 13 miles
Cantha is 7.5 x 10 miles
run speed: 16.9 m/h (7.5 m/s)
Comments: the size is derived from the run speed and crossing distance. I've no info about Elona (Nightfall expansion), but here you can see how the 3 continents compare, and it's nowhere near the enormous size figure for the Nightfall expansion as seen in that earlier investigation.
Guild Wars 2
crossing distance: Tyria world map from North to South 38 min by 46 min (E -> W)
Comments: I used the HD video footage, the crossing distance of the human capital (huge circle) from one end to the other is roughly 2 min, extrapolated by measuring the time it took a player to travel a street in a straight line.
crossing distance: worldmap from N => S 25.5 min, from E => W 30.5 min
size: worldmap is (N->S) 4.6 miles by 5.5 miles (E -> W)
run speed: 10.8 m/h
Comments: I used the distance meter ingame to measure the run speed, made some corrections to the distance figures based on more accurate follow up tests using map coordinates
That was all what I could find so far. Darkfall is said to be very large (see for a comparison with WoW's Kalimdor here), EQ had 350 square miles explorable environment at launch (source), of EVE Online it has been stated that it takes 4 hours to cross the universe from one side to the other and Vanguard was said to be as large as Madagascar - which I found hard to believe - but that's all I could find so far.
This thread is a work in progress, if I find more concrete measurements or do some more tests I'll include it here, but if people have found more concrete info and measurements, especially stuff that isn't in this post yet, let me know and post it in this thread.
The purpose is to get the accurate figures of world size of all the current MMORPG's around.
The ACTUAL size of MMORPG worlds: a comparison list between MMO's
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The ACTUAL size of MMORPG worlds: a comparison list between MMO's
Apprentice Member
Joined: 6/01/04
Having played SWG back in the day I think that's accurate - at least I'd imagine running across a map would take roughly the same time as running from the northern tip of Kalimdor to the south.
You have to remember that most of the worlds had a lot of wasteland and wilderness, rather than heavily scultped and filled terrain like themepark MMOs tend to have. This was really necesary for the whole player city thing (and the reason uninstanced player housing would be hard to work in to themeparks.)
Apprentice Member
Joined: 10/20/09
I think the game world "physical" size is really irrelevant if the design of the game arbitrarily breaks the world into tiered regions. Eg. in one area you find lvl 1 squirrels, but over in another spot lvl 2132 squirrels are the norm. This is of course done to support level based tiered progression, but in doing so it makes what might as well be two entirely different worlds. The lvl 1 toon is for all intensive purposes locked out of the lvl 2000+ squirrels area, and the lvl 1 squirrel area has no relevance to the high level character.
Elite Member
Joined: 4/21/06
Let go of my ears, I know what I'm doing!
Slight correction on SWG... that's 10x10 km.
This is determined by the coordinate interface. coordinates are in meters, and you can go +-5,000 x or y.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 6/11/08
I think with my heart and move with my head.-Kongos
Any guesstimates on how big this makes Rift's Telara?
I can not remember winning or losing a single debate on the internet.
Originally posted by lizardbones
Think he would need access to the entire world to figure that out.
Originally posted by rothbard
Ah, but that's another discussion, world and game design and such, but my intention was purely to find out in objective, measurable ways the worldsizes of the various MMORPG's and how they compared to eachother.
Originally posted by Robsolf
Really? Hmm, the links I found all used to say 15-16 km (see source1 and source2)
As the SWG wiki says: 'Each of the original 10 planets are represented by approximately 225 square kilometers (15 km x 15 km maps) of game space.'
So it's puzzling that the wiki is wrong, but if their own ingame map only shows 10km of available area, then that is what it is. I include it in the OP with a 'maybe', until the wiki entry has been clarified.
The ACTUAL size of MMORPG worlds: a comparison list between MMO's
Originally posted by Rockgod99
Not needed. A world map is available, so the only thing needed further is to test ingame, like how long it takes to cross a certain distance in a straight line ingame and then extrapolate.
Rift has next to that the handy feature that the maps show the distance to a quest object or area, so that should make accurately guessing distances and run speeds even easier.
The ACTUAL size of MMORPG worlds: a comparison list between MMO's
Originally posted by MMO.MaverickOriginally posted by Rockgod99
Problem with that is in game you simply can't walk in a straight line to get from one end to the other. We're talking walking distance rigth? How do you Gage zones with multiple levels? Or impassible sections? Basically measuring Te overall size is meaningless honestly. You don't know how long it would take to get around objects if you have no access to them. So basically your telling us how big a world is if it was flat...
Originally posted by Rockgod99
Problem with that is in game you simply can't walk in a straight line to get from one end to the other. We're talking walking distance rigth? How do you Gage zones with multiple levels? Or impassible sections? Basically measuring Te overall size is meaningless honestly. You don't know how long it would take to get around objects if you have no access to them. So basically your telling us how big a world is if it was flat...
Eh, that applies to all the figures above, and that's how all the people tested it in the various MMO's, because that's the only objective measurement.
It's not a 'how long does it take for you to travel from city A to capital B going through mountain passes, circumventing impassable mountains and ravines etc', no it's meant to gauge the size of a world.
Or as I stated in the OP:
crossing distance: the time it takes to travel at normal speed from one end of the map to the other end in a straight line without hindrances, as a bird could fly it
The time it would take you to cross a certain distance at normal speed if you could travel it as a bird, in a straight line with no obstacles that would add to your travel time.
The ACTUAL size of MMORPG worlds: a comparison list between MMO's
Elite Member
Joined: 4/21/06
Let go of my ears, I know what I'm doing!
Originally posted by MMO.Maverick
It is certainly possible that I'm wrong, I haven't played in years; I might be mixing some stuff up with JtL and have them both wrong. But the bit about the interface is correct; it goes by the meter, not yards/miles.
Novice Member
Joined: 1/20/11
Originally posted by MMO.Maverick
The planets are a little over 15 x 15 km, so 10 x 10 miles is abought right.However swg started with 10 planets and currently has 12.
Alright, I did some more testing in Rift, and this is what I came up with:
run speed: 10.8 m/h
For this I used the distance feature ingame where it states how far you are from a location. I ran for 30 seconds, and see what distance I'd traveled.
crossing distance:
worldmap from north => south: corrected to 25.5 min
worldmap from east => west: corrected to 30.5 min
I ran a certain distance in a straight line, checked how long it took, then compared the distance traveled on the worldmap to the overall size of the world.
The run speed and crossing distance led to the following size for the world in miles:
worldmap from north => south: corrected to 4.6 miles
worldmap from east => west: corrected to 5.5 miles
I admit, the final result was a surprise, based on earlier tests I'd thought the world of Rift to be as large as 1 WoW continent or maybe somewhat smaller, but that was before I took the run speed difference into account.
Based on the figures above this is how the actual comparison would look like, when you'd put Rift's regions next to WoW's Kalimdor (I picked Kalimdor, because most people are familiar with the general feel and size of it)
edit: I replaced it with the new picture that's more accurate:
The ACTUAL size of MMORPG worlds: a comparison list between MMO's
Novice Member
Joined: 6/29/06
WoW does have mounts/fast travels so you travel faster in WoW.
I am a bit surprised at the land mass difference though.
Obviously, largest MMO World will be EVE. :P
Gdemami -
Originally posted by jpnz
Someone mentioned it'd take 4 hr of straight flying (no fast jumps) to get from 1 side of EVE's galaxy to the other end of EVE's galaxy, so it sure is in the top-rank sized worlds
I wonder though about Vanguard, that seems to be one of the largest as well in worldsize, and Darkfall from what it looks like has as 2 hour crossing distance from one end of its main continent to the other, making it also one of the more vastly sized MMO worlds.
But regarding Rift, yes, I was surprised as well especially when you put it next to other MMO worlds like WoW, which is of medium worldsize.
The ACTUAL size of MMORPG worlds: a comparison list between MMO's
Novice Member
Joined: 6/29/06
Originally posted by MMO.Maverick
I recall an EVE player wanting to see every system and making a log of his journey. Think it took him 2 months on an un-armed stealth ship. It went 'viral' with many players acknowledging what he was doing as he went through more and more systems.
Is that including WoW's other land mass (when you say medium)? Like outlands, north end and maelstorm?
Gdemami -
Old School
Joined: 3/08/04
Players come for the game, but they stay for the people- Most Devs have forgotten this.
Originally posted by Rockgod99
Yes, indeed.
he is talking about map sizes.
Old School
Joined: 3/08/04
Players come for the game, but they stay for the people- Most Devs have forgotten this.
Originally posted by MMO.Maverick
This is good work.
How big is Aion's world?
It seems it would come out around the same as Rift's? (without the abyss maybe)
Old School
Joined: 3/08/04
Players come for the game, but they stay for the people- Most Devs have forgotten this.
meh double post


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Super Cool Saddlebags for C50by Ross - verified purchaser
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Wednesday, July 17, 2013 (All day) to Thursday, July 18, 2013 (All day)
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Current Students
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Want to work on campus this fall?
Want to get ahead of the competition for Fall jobs?
Participate in the Wright State University Student Employment Virtual Job Fair, July 17 to July 26, 2013.
The Student Employment Virtual Job Fair connects Wright State students seeking on-campus employment with departments that have Fall Semester student employment job openings.
Follow the instructions on each job posting to apply for the job - supervisors often evaluate candidates on how well they follow these first instructions


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Hey all… it's finally summer 2013! And as usual, there are lots of fabulous summer chick lit reads.
Here are several books that were/are being released in June and July 2013. Click on any book cover to read a description.
- Bitsy's Bait & Barbeque by Pamela Morsi
- Brooklyn Girls by Gemma Burgess
- Faking It by Cora Carmack
- Hollywood Strip by Shamron Moore
- Knit Two by Kate Jacobs
- Love Rehab by Jo Piazza
- Motherland by Amy Sohn
- Painted Hands by Jennifer Zobair
- Revenge Wears Prada by Lauren Weisberger
- Shaken & Stirred by Crystal Black Davis
- She Ain't Heavy by Arnine Cumsky Weiss
- Sweet Nothings by Janis Thomas
- What Women Want by Fanny Blake
- Moonpennies by Alanna Rosette
- Animal Cracker by Andi Brown (UK Release)
- Auf'd by Amy Saunders (UK Release)
- Project Runaway by Anne Hendren (UK Release)
As always, I may be adding more books to this post over the next couple of months. If you know of a book that should be listed here, please contact me!


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We are excited that your student is considering Southeast!
No matter where your student is in the college search process, Southeast knows it can be a challenging world for the student and their families to navigate. The links below will help you and your student easily find out why Southeast is the university of first choice.
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Southeast encourages students to complete the Free Application for Financial Student Aid (FAFSA).
Southeast offers a quality education at an affordable price with a variety of payment methods and options.
Completion of the Free Application for Financial Student Aid (FAFSA) may qualify students to receive grants, work study and loans.
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Southeast students enjoy saving at least $600 per year with our textbook rental system.
The University offers students general banking services, ATM service and branch banking services through U.S. Bank, located on the first floor of the University Center in the Southeast Bookstore.
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What can a student study at Southeast? Is there support or tutoring offered if my student needs help? Check out all the areas of study, academic support, and what is expected of students on campus.
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Fall Getaway
October 29, 2014
"He Keeps Me Singing" at LaComedia Dinner Theater
You are cordially invited to attend the OCU's Fall Getaway. Please join us for a day of fun and fellowship with the dinner show at LaComedia.
$69 per person includes:
- Morning refreshments in Leadership Center before departure at 8:30 a.m.
- Motor Coach Transportation
- LaComedia Dinner Theatre
To make it fun for all we request that each guest bring a wrapped item to be donated for auction during the road trip. Proceeds from auction will go to the OCU Scholarship Fund.
Make your reservation online or contact Lois Taylor at 740-420-5918.


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I know--I have been really bad about organizing things close to home. We would love to have an event this summer--a family picnic--sometime around the time of the annual event for people who are unable to make it down to California for the Annual Meeting. That means around the 3rd weekend in June or just after the 4th of July (the weekend of 7/7/07!!) Anyone game to a) come and b) help me organize it? (Norlisa??)
Let me know--otherwise, I will start planning all on my own.
Also--am wondering if we should make it regional--invite Idaho folks, Oregon folks, even those Alaskans... [}:)] Will ask the powers that be about that. I am sure we could recruit a celebrity doctor to join us.
Take care!


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Vermont's first woman in Washington: Coming soon?By Joy Liu
Special to the Times Argus | December 15,2013For Vermont, the Washington delegation remains an old boys club.
While nearly a century has passed since women first gained the right to vote, the Green Mountain State has yet to send its first female to Capitol Hill one of just four states never to have elected a woman to the U.S. Senate or House of Representatives.
Like the other three states yet to break through this glass ceiling Delaware, Iowa, and Mississippi Vermont has a small congressional delegation where incumbents tend to stay for a long time, and open seats are a rarity. Vermont stands in contrast to neighboring New Hampshire, where the entire four-member congressional delegation is female in the wake of the 2012 election, and Maine, where half of the four-person delegation is made up of women.
But, overall, only 18 percent of todays Congress is comprised of women 20 in the 100-member Senate and 78 in the 435-member House. The reasons range from the current realities of campaign fundraising to personal-life priorities and the difficulties of accomplishing change within the legislative process, according to those who closely observe the process of women running for office.
Weve seen women (who have) been detoured in terms of the dirtiness of politics, currently the ineffectiveness of politics, said Kelly Dittmar of Rutgers Universitys Center for American Women and Politics in New Brunswick, New Jersey. If you look at Washington today, you might not see that as a place to get things done. So why would women be motivated?
Vermont can boast of having elected Madeleine Kunin, who in 1984 became only the fourth woman in U.S. history to be elected governor in her own right (as opposed to succeeding her husband). But if Kunin, who left the governorship in 1990, eventually made it to Washington as the No. 2 official in the Education Department during the Clinton administration she never sought election to Congress.
The timing was just not right, she said. There wasnt any (vacancy) it wasnt right politically.
No vacancy means having to challenge an incumbent. More often than not, it remains an uphill battle to dislodge an incumbent: According to a study by the Washington-based Center for Responsive Politics, the reelection rate of incumbent members of Congress has been running at more than 75 percent since 1982.
During the past four decades, Senate seats have come open only twice in the Green Mountain State in 1988, as Kunin was seeking a third term as governor and Republican Robert Stafford was retiring, and in 2006, when Republican-turned-Independent James Jeffords called it quits. In both instances, the states lone U.S. House member Jeffords and Independent Bernard Sanders, respectively were elected to move up and fill the vacant Senate slot.
Today, while all three men in the Vermont delegation are older than 65, none has shown any public sign of contemplating retirement. The states two senators, Democrat Patrick Leahy and Sanders, have more aggregate seniority than the senators from the other 49 states. Leahy, first elected in 1974, is now the longest-serving member of the Senate. Sanders, first elected to the House in 1990 before moving to the Senate 16 years later, has now spent nearly a quarter of a century on Capitol Hill.
Kunin believes that when it comes to running against an incumbent, gender is no longer a question, given that its difficult for any newcomer to raise a tremendous amount of money to win against a long-time serving member.
But others suggest that fundraising remains an obstacle for women contemplating office, whether challenging an incumbent or seeking an open seat.
When we survey women legislators who are potential candidates, they always say that fundraising is a barrier, said Dittmar of the Center for American Women and Politics. Its something that they dont like to do, and they see as a barrier to office.
According to Dittmar, surveys suggest that although men and women raise about the same amount of money in comparable races, fundraising may take more effort for women. In closing the fundraising gap between male and female candidates, help from outside infrastructure is invaluable, she noted.
Several political-action committees such as EMILYs List, which backs Democratic female candidates who support abortion rights have been created to help funnel money to women running for office. Other groups aim to provide women with training in the nuts and bolts of running a campaign.
In Vermont, Kunin heads a group, Emerge Vermont, which provides intensive training to Democratic women about how to run a successful campaign, in the hope that this will ultimately provide them with a springboard to higher office. Emerge Vermont is part of the national organization that started in California and now operates in 14 states.
Vermont would seem to have a head start in this regard, as it already ranks ahead of many other states when it comes to electing women to state and local office. With Gov. Peter Shumlins recent appointment of Democrat Marjorie Ryerson of Randolph Village to an open seat in the Vermont House, women now are a majority in the Democratic Party of that chamber.
Vermont now ranks first nationwide in terms of the percentage of women in the Legislature. At present, 41.1 percent of the Vermont Senate and House are comprised of women, according to statistics compiled by the Center for American Women and Politics. (Colorados legislature is a close second with 41.0 percent; neighboring New Hampshire ranks fifth nationally, with 33.5 percent.)
But in congressional elections, personal factors often come into play for women: Its often harder for women to make the decision to run, as they are more relationally embedded than men, Dittmar said.
Women often do not see politics as either an option or the best route for them in the way men do, she said. Women, most being primary caregivers, consider running for office in Washington a factor that could bring unwanted changes to their families and children.
But what some see as a benefit of having the increasing numbers of women elected to higher office came into focus during the partial shutdown of the federal government in early October.
Sen. Susan Collins, a moderate Republican from Maine, put forth a plan to end the shutdown, and called upon members from the two major parties to come together and legislate responsibly and in good faith. The next day, Sens. Kelly Ayotte, R-N.H., and Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, joined Collins effort. Soon, Collins was leading a bipartisan group of 14 senators, nearly half of them women, in drafting a spending plan.
A few hours before the final vote on Oct. 16, three of the women senators involved physically moved across the Senate aisle, sat next to each, and chatted and laughed. It was a scene one almost never sees in C-SPAN broadcasts of the Senate proceedings, particularly in an era of unrelenting partisanship.
The fact (is) that having less testosterone really makes you less combative and more willing to work across the aisle and want to get the job done, Kunin said. Women dont enjoy confrontation as some men do.
Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., was also in the group of 14 senators. He later told Time magazine that he was proud of the womens effort in ending the shutdown. Imagine what they could do if there were 50 of them, McCain said.
As McCain pictured a more effective Congress formed by more women, Dittmar said womens decisions to run for office are often guided by whether they feel they can be effective.
While mens motivations for running are largely associated with a desire for being in power, women make this decision differently, Dittmar said: They run to make policy changes.
If we continue to see that among the women who run and win, as more women get in, it could be helpful to the environment in Washington, she explained.
As the time has come and little bias remains about having women in federal legislative positions, Kunin, now 80, is confident there will absolutely be a woman representing Vermont on Capitol Hill in the near future.
We will, I expect in five years, see a woman in Congress, Kunin said. There are many talented women serving in the (state) Legislature and some serving in the (state) administration. Many are potential candidates for higher office.MORE IN This Just InBy Kathleen Phalen Tomaselli Full StoryBennington College and Middlebury College both top a list for most entrepreneurial colleges in... Full StoryWas the response to an alleged assault at College of St. Full Story
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One of the cyclists was a little shorter and younger than the others. Just 12 years old, Adam Marino was a student at Maple Avenue Middle School—but since his parents always told him that school was his job, he'd announced that he wanted to bike to school that day. This wasn't terribly surprising, as all the Marinos are avid cyclists. The family had twice pedaled the 363-mile length of the Erie Canal from Buffalo to Albany, as well as the one-day, 40-mile Five Boro Bike Tour in New York City. So when Adam declared his desire to ride to school, his mother, Janette, thought it was great, partly because it demonstrated his continuing resolve to overcome certain medical challenges. Two years earlier, Adam had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, and as an infant, he had been classified as legally blind. The rods and cones in Adam's eyes were underdeveloped at birth but, thanks to early intervention and therapy, he now has corrected vision of 20-200—he plays soccer, medals in Nordic ski races, is an honor-roll student, plays trumpet in the school jazz band, and has been riding a bike since age three. "He may or may not be able to drive someday," Janette says. "He can't read road signs from a distance, but functionally he does very well."
Adam's future independence had been a factor in the family's decision to move to Saratoga Springs, a pleasant, prosperous, compact community of 28,000 with accessible and well-funded elementary schools. "We wanted [him] to be able to hop on a bike, go downtown, and get around on his own," Janette explains. "We didn't want to have to tote him back and forth." Still, when the family arrived in Saratoga in 1999, they'd had a Blind Child Area warning sign installed on their street.
On the outskirts of Saratoga Springs, Maple Avenue is also called U.S. Highway 9, and, before splitting off briefly on its own as it heads downtown, it merges with Broadway, Route 50, and the truck route of NY 29. To reach the school, Janette and Adam took North Broadway, a quiet side street that ends at abandoned, unpaved Glen Mitchell Road—more like a trail than anything else—that leads through a patch of woods. Adam handled it with no problem on his fat-tire bike, and when Janette pointed out a hawk taking off from a tree, mother and son agreed that this was an awesome way to get to school.
Mother Janette, Adam (now 14), and father Clem: avid cyclists, accidental activists.
When they reached the entrance, though, the atmosphere decidedly changed. Maple Avenue's student body of 1,650 is delivered via 39 school buses—and as at thousands of other communities around the country, many parents elect to drive their children. Thus, every weekday morning, scores of idling cars line up behind dozens of buses disgorging waves of kids. Amidst this, Janette and Adam—each of whom was about 5 feet tall—seemed like a pair of diminutive daredevils wading into a tsunami.
As Adam locked his bike to a fence, a radio call came in to the administrative office. "Security told me that two bikes were getting involved with the buses," remembers the school principal, Stuart Byrne. "We hadn't heard from anyone beforehand. My assistant responded and said, 'Where are they?'"
An assistant principal, Robert Loggins, found Janette in front of the school, waiting for a lull in the traffic so she could depart. Adam had already gone inside.
"What are you doing here?" Loggins asked Janette.
Janette thought this an odd question. "It's Bike to Work Day," she said. "Did you ride your bike to school?"
"Bicycling isn't allowed at Maple Avenue School," said Loggins.
Janette did a double take. "You're kidding me," she said. "Right?"
Loggins wasn't smiling. He said that Adam's bike would be placed in the school's boiler room, and Janette should come back and get it later that day in her car.
It should be mentioned that, despite her small physical stature, Janette is not a shrinking violet. In her nearby hometown of Troy, she'd created a community newsletter, started a beautification committee, and run for city council. When she was growing up there, the first thing she'd bought herself, at age 10 (with money earned delivering newspapers), was a bike. She'd later lived for a while in Seattle, where cycling had been her main transportation.
"That's not going to work for me," Janette told Loggins flatly, and proceeded to ask for evidence of the policy in writing.
Principal Byrne was watching the exchange through his office window. "I could tell from the body language that what was going on wasn't good," he remembers.
Byrne and Janette knew each other. Her daughter had gone to school with his son, and the families attended the same church. Byrne was thus aware of the Marinos' cycling experience—but he also knew about the Blind Child Area sign on their street. "Please ask Janette to come see me," he said over the radio.
When Janette arrived in Byrne's office, the principal found her "extremely upset." She insisted that Adam should be able to ride to school any day he wanted, and she refused to come back later by car to pick up him and his bike, saying that she would return as she had planned—to ride home with him at the end of the day.


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New study on CEO-to-worker pay ratio
Michael Peppard May 1, 2013 - 11:32am
One of the most memorable seminars I ever attended as a student was in a political philosophy course, in which one week covered debates about wealth stratification in ideal and real societies. We students were to submit short position papers about what we thought would be the ideal ratio of income inequality in a society. That is, how much gap would be necessary to inspire innovation, excellence, and risk-taking, while also not being so large that it would lead to societal breakdown, unjustifiable poverty, dangerous concentrations of power, or, at worst, armed revolution.[caption id="attachment_26974" align="alignright" width="300"] "No, no, dear. It's only 20 times more than yours."[/caption]As I recall it, the most left-wing students in the class were in the 10-to-1 range (200K income vs. 20 K income), and the more libertarian students rejected the very notion of an ideal ratio ("let the market do its thing, and let the people revolt if necessary"). There were lots of folks in the middle (20-to-1 or even 100-to-1).The real ratios of income inequality in the U.S. have become basically unimaginable since then (as in, I have real trouble imagining the fact that the one Walton family has as much wealth as the bottom 35-40% of our country). Discussion of these ratios has recently focused instead on individual companies. The data is easier to imagine and is, I think, more meaningful, since all the members of a company are, in some sense, working toward common goals and have very clear rewards for working toward them together.Yesterday Bloomberg news put out an excellent story and data infographic of current CEO-to-worker pay ratios. (Fortune did a smaller graphic last year.) In short, the ratio has grown by 1,000% since 1950. Many of us already knew that. What I did not know was that it has even grown since the financial crisis and Great Recession -- up 20% since 2009.The attention-grabbers are the top ratios, with J. C. Penney winning the inequality award at 1,795-to-1. (That's one loaf of bread vs. the Empire State Building, to help you imagine it.) The story profiles a sales employee as contrasted to the ousted C.E.O.But it's the overall picture that is worth pondering. Most real people do in fact retain drive for innovation, excellence, and risk-taking with much lower ratios than companies currently have. I have no doubt some of CostCo's employees are working hard to innovate and excel, even though they only have the "low" ratio of about 50-to-1.For those who often pine for the 1950's, the relatively low income inequality of that era should be remembered as a central aspect of overall stability. And the unprecedented income equality in our own era should be considered a bellwether of further instability.
Commenting Guidelines
Readers may be interested to learn that, a few days ago, RR Reno at First Things posted (from his conservative point of view), some ruminations on the reality of increasing income inequality.http://www.firstthings.com/onthesquare/2013/04/the-triumph-of-capitalism..., Robert T Miller (another economic conservative) posted a reply.http://www.firstthings.com/onthesquare/2013/05/response-to-reno
"Id be interested to know what possible incentive business leaders and high-level administrators would have in dialoguing with people of conscience."Some of them (quite a few, in my experience) are persons of conscience themselves, albeit not always particularly enlightened. I.e. they'd like to do the right thing, or at least like the idea of doing the right thing, but perhaps because they live in a bubble, they don't really understand how the other 9/10 lives and its implications.In addition, there is the question of social solidarity. A lot of business leaders understand the importance of keeping the community more or less on their side. They may see it in their own self-interest to listen.
Bernard, Thanks for laying that out so clearly. The very important point you raise at the end bears repeating: "The very wealthy are simply not entitled to such wealth when so many other people are in need."Wealth, goods of the earth, are for the purpose of meeting needs. We forget that.
JIm P. --I agree with you that many businesspersons are persons of conscience, but they often just don't know not just *how* the other half lives but *how many* people there are in the other half. Another good reason to require economics in the high schools, not just facts and figures but the reasoning behind economic policy, such as it is and isn't.I read just this morning that Amartya Sen, the great economist, was 10 years old before he found out that there were many people in India who were starving. He wasn't a rich Indian, just lower middle-class. It gave him a life-long interest in the causes of starvation, and the non-causes as well. He discovered, for instance, that lack of food is not the problem. The cost of food is typically the problem.
"Given these truisms, I have to say that I cannot see any justification for policies that lead to exorbitant wealth for some (however acquired) in the face of the drastic poverty of others."Well, when you put it that way...When I type the word "exorbitant" into Google, it gives the following synonyms:"excessive - inordinate - extravagant - undue"I ask this in all seriousness: is there such a thing as due wealth - as wealth that is not exorbitant? And if we deem that some class of business owners or professionals or heirs or pop stars or lottery winners has non-exorbitant wealth, must their wealth also be redistributed?Should the wealth of the exorbitantly wealthy only be given to those in drastic poverty? That's actually a pretty small part of the population, percentage-wise.If it turns out that the accumulation of exorbitant wealth isn't a zero-sum game - that its accumulation is only weakly connected, or not at all connected, to the plight of those in drastic poverty, should your statement be revised?If it turns out that redistributing the wealth of the exorbitantly wealthy to the drastically poor doesn't materially improve the plight of the drastically poor, should we then conclude that it is imprudent to redistribute that wealth?
@Jim Pauwels (5/4, 10:17 pm) Some quick (perhaps too quick) answers to your questions:1 - Yes, there's non-exorbitant wealth. No, it doesn't have to be redistributed. (Although perhaps we should check with the poor for their judgments on this matter.)2 - No, excess wealth shouldn't be returned only to those in drastic poverty. It should be returned to all from whom it has illegitimately be taken. (Who that is, and how it's to be done is another conversation.)3- Actually, it turns out that the accumulation of exorbitant wealth isn't a zero-sum game...but in the opposite direction from the one you suggest. There's a considerable and growing body of economic evidence that high degrees of wealth and income inequality generate slower economic growth and greater economic instability. 4 - Yes, but the overwhelming majority of economic evidence points to the contrary conclusion.
"A lot of business leaders understand the importance of keeping the community more or less on their side. They may see it in their own self-interest to listen."Yes, of course that happens occasionally. Nike apparently learned from its sweatshop debacle, though other companies apparently have not (see any sad tale of women dying in garment factory fires in Bangladesh leaving a trail of charred American brand labels in the ruins). Moreover, I wonder whether an American society that is increasingly struggling financially has the will to work up outrage over criminal labor practices. In any case, real moral discussions about labor practices among the captains of industry are generally turned over to PR hacks, of which I was one once upon a time. Wal-Mart distracts attention from its purchase-from-sweatshop practices by claiming that their prices are so low that they've effectively given everybody who shops there a something-percent salary raise. The more a business relies on local labor, the more likely it is to meet local wage and benefit norms to maintain good community relations. But these businesses are in constant jeopardy from large multi-nationals that can set up or purchase from offshore factories where working conditions are out of sight/out of mind.Yes, I agree that some business leaders want to be people of conscience, and that's why they created the bubble in the first place. I see no reason why they'd want to leave that circumscribed world where they're seen as upright pillars of the bubble community to face up to business realities that might be very uncomfy.
Thanks, Luke. Jim P.,, in all seriousness. Sometimes in history, a political or economic policy that has been billed as providing a much better and more just fairer distribution of resources to the members of a political society turns out, after a period of time to have been a mistake, even a disaster. The French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty once supported the Soviet political and economic policies but in due course found that they had utterly failed to live up to the billing they had received. The kind of seriously underregulated capitalism we have experienced in the last decades, under various headings, such as "supply side capitalism" or free market capitalism has consistently produced growing inequities both here and elsewhere. To insist that these policies will IN TIME work out well, all presently available evidence notwithstanding, is hard to accept. I have to admit that I don't have an alternative to put forth, but that does not make the case in favor of what's presently in place, any stronger. Rather, it gives me reason to encourage technically competent people to work for alternatives.Take one example. If Wall Street Journal reporting is to be taken as representative of prevailing capitalist views, then the capitalist's task is to make sure that as few employers have to provide health care coverage to as few of their employers as possible. Hence the pressure to make sure that as few employees as possible work as much as a 30 hour week. Under this sort of capitalist flag, there will be an unending "race to the bottom." This example is not, regrettably, atypical.In sum, I have no good reason to see in the prevailing capitalism any movement to "self-correction."
Bernard --As some of us see it, the WSJ is unredeemably conservative in its editorial pages but progressive in its reporting. How it can retain this schizoid mish-mash of opposing attitudes is a true wonder. Then again, maybe it succeeds because the American culture is a mish-mash of basically conservative principles (individualism, right to the fruits of one's own labor, respect for physical force, loyalty to the past) versus progressive/pragmatic responses to matters of fact. I dunno.
Many of the wealthy already benefit from redistributed income:Mortgage interest deductions for any number of properties.Tax shelters.Charitable contribution write-offs."Carried income" very low tax rates.If they are business owners, accelerated depreciation schedules.Tax write offs for private aircraft .. a "business" expense.General liberal interpretations, all allowed in the tax codes of course, of what is a legitimate tax deductible business expense.The ability to shelter certain kinds of current income until a later date when your tax situation may be more favorable to you, even though you have current use of that income.And, if I would bother to take the time I'm sure I can find more.Their tax benefits are paid for by countless others who do not have the political or economic "juice" to structure good deals for themselves.So don't talk to me about income redistribution: it happens on a grand and priviliged scale already. And these people didn't even have to attend that new school for the priviliged mentioned in the posting above.
When a number of large corporations went to the government for a bailout during the recession a few years ago, one of the first things the American people wanted curbed was executive compensation. A business that unsuccessful miserably and wanted TARP help shouldn't be lining already padded pockets. However, a brand new report has found executive compensation slightly dipped even while a number of firms, such as General Motors, AIG and Ally Financial, were receiving TARP funding. Get more details here.
About the Author
Michael Peppard is assistant professor of theology at Fordham University, author of The Son of God in the Roman World, and on Twitter @MichaelPeppard.


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American Association of University Women (AAUW)
1111 16th Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20036
Phone: (800) 326-2289 | Fax: (202) 833-1112
Website: www.aauw.org
Twitter: @AAUW, @AAUWpolicy
Facebook: www.facebook.com/aauw
Principal Staff:
Linda D. Hallman, CAE, Executive Director
Jill Birdswhistell, Chief of Strategic Advancement
Lisa Maatz, Director of Public Policy and Government Relations
Type of Organization: National Membership
Founded: 1881
Total Members: Over 100,000 members and donors
Mission Statement:
AAUW advances equity for women and girls through advocacy, education, philanthropy, and research.
Subject Expertise:
Title IX incl. higher education, campus violence & harassment, student aid, career & technical education; pay equity and workplace opportunity; science, technology, engineering & math; groundbreaking research on women & girls; legal advocacy support for precedent setting lawsuits; national fellowships for graduate women and local scholarships for undergraduate women; grants for community groups serving women & girls; voter education & women voter mobilization; leadership programming for women of all ages.
Annual Meetings/Conferences:
National Convention (biennially); National Conference of College Women Student Leaders (annually); state-based conventions and leadership conferences (at least biennially)
Number of Chapters:
Over 1,000 branches and 500 college/university partners nationwide