text:
An imaging system of the invention includes an image array sensor including a plurality of pixels. Each of the pixels generates a signal indicative of the amount of light received on the pixel. The imaging system further includes an analog to digital converter for quantizing the signals from the pixels into a digital value. The system further includes a memory including a plurality of allocated storage locations for storing the digital values from the analog to digital converter.
1. An imaging system for a vehicle, comprising:
at least one image array sensor and a first control circuit, said first control circuit is in communication with said at least one image array sensor via a first bus;
a second control circuit in communication with said first control circuit via a second bus, wherein the imaging system is configured for use in a vehicle system selected from the group comprising: a headlamp control, an electrochromic mirror control, an information display, a rain sensor, a collision avoidance system, an adaptive cruise control, a lane departure warning system and a climate control system.
2. An imaging system as in
3. An imaging system as in
4. An imaging system as in
5. An imaging system as in
6. An imaging system as in
7. An imaging system as in
8. An imaging system as in
9. An imaging system as in
10. An imaging system as in
11. An imaging system as in
12. An imaging system for a vehicle, comprising:
a first control circuit configured to analyze at least one image as a function of a digital filter and a second control circuit for receiving data from said first control circuit, wherein the imaging system is configured for use in a vehicle system selected from the group comprising: a headlamp control, an electrochromic mirror control, a rain sensor, an information display, a collision avoidance system, an adaptive cruise control, a lane departure warning system and a climate control system.
13. An imaging system as in
14. An imaging system as in
15. An imaging system as in
16. An imaging system as in
17. An imaging system as in
18. An imaging system as in
19. An imaging system as in
20. An imaging system as in
21. An imaging system as in
22. An imaging system as in
23. An imaging system as in
24. An imaging system as in
25. An imaging system for a vehicle, comprising:
at least one device selected from the group comprising: a power supply, a light sensor a first microcontroller and a second microcontroller, wherein the imaging system is configured for use in a vehicle system selected from the group comprising: a headlamp control, an electrochromic mirror control, an information display, a rain sensor, a collision avoidance system, an adaptive cruise control, a lane departure warning system and a climate control system, at least two of said vehicle systems are configured to share at least one device selected from the group comprising: a power supply, a light sensor and a microcontroller.
26. An imaging system as in
27. An imaging system as in
28. An imaging system as in
29. An imaging system as in
30. An imaging system as in
31. An imaging system as in
32. An imaging system as in
33. An imaging system as in
34. An imaging system as in
35. An imaging system as in
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/081,036, filed Mar. 15, 2005 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,149,613, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/639,112, filed Aug. 12, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,868,322, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/799,310, filed Mar. 5, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,631,316, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention generally relates to image processing systems, and more particularly, to image processing systems used to control vehicle equipment, such as vehicle headlamps, windshield wipers, etc.
Recently, many vehicular control accessories utilizing image processing systems have been proposed. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,994 entitled "Control System to Automatically Dim Vehicle Head Lamps," commonly assigned with the present invention and hereby incorporated by reference, discloses a control system which utilizes an image sensor and a processor to detect the headlamps of other vehicles at night and automatically control the state of the high beam headlamps of a vehicle. Another example of an image processing system to control vehicle equipment is given in U.S. Pat. No. 5,923,027 entitled "Moisture Sensor and Windshield Fog Detector," also commonly assigned with the present invention and hereby incorporated by reference. This patent discloses an image processing system, which acquires images of a vehicle windshield in order to detect the presence of rain or fog.
In each of these systems, as well as several other disclosed automotive image processing systems (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,765,116, 5,675,489, and 5,660,454 and PCT Published Patent Application No. WO 00/53465), images are acquired by an image sensor and stored into a memory in their entirety for subsequent processing. While technically very convenient, the use of this amount of image memory presents problems when adapting the system for commercial use, especially in the highly cost-sensitive automotive market. Most low cost microcontrollers or digital signal processors (DSPs) suitable for these types of applications are equipped with only a few hundred bytes to a few kilobytes of random access memory (RAM) into which the images can be stored. The processing core of many microcontrollers is typically available with a variety of RAM configurations, with the price increasing as the amount of memory increases. Therefore, it is advantageous to use a microcontroller with the least amount of RAM possible. The use of a small amount of RAM in prior art systems limits the size of the image, which can be stored and thus greatly limits the resolution.
A common off-the-shelf image sensor may have 352×288 pixels, known as the CIF format. Storing an entire image from this sensor requires approximately 100 kilobytes of RAM—far more than is typically available on a low cost microcontroller. Some microcontrollers have the ability to increase the amount of RAM available by the addition of an external memory chip. These microcontrollers must have an external memory bus, increasing the pin count and thus the cost and complexity of the microcontroller and the circuit board to which it is attached. The cost of the external memory itself must also be considered, and despite rapid memory price declines, this cost is anticipated to remain significant for some time to come. Finally, if an image must be transferred to memory before it can be processed, the total time required to acquire and analyze an image will be greater than if the analysis could occur simultaneously with the acquisition.
What is needed is a low cost image processing system to control automotive equipment which is capable of analyzing images without first storing them to memory, thus reducing the total amount of memory required in the system.
The present invention solves the problem of the prior art by providing an image processing system, which does not require a memory with enough storage locations to store the digital grayscale value of every pixel in the image. The system contains an image sensor array containing a plurality of pixels, each of which is configured to provide an output indicative of the amount of light received by the pixel over the exposure time. The system also provides an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter to quantize the signal from the pixel into a digital grayscale value. The system also provides a processor in communication with the image sensor and A/D converter to analyze the images acquired by the image processor and control vehicle equipment based upon the results of processing the images. Finally, the system contains a memory for storing the grayscale value of some of the pixels and for storing other data used by the processor. By providing an image processing system with less available memory than is needed to store all pixels, the cost and the complexity of the image processing system can be reduced.
According to one aspect of the present invention, the amount of memory required is reduced by acquiring and analyzing only a portion of the image at a given time. This may be accomplished by acquiring a single row of pixels at a time or by acquiring a subwindow of pixels, which is a subset of the window containing all the pixels.
In another aspect of the present invention, a digital image processing filter is implemented by only storing a most recent group of pixels and performing the filter algorithm on this group of pixels. The most recent group of pixels may be, for example, the last few rows of the image received. The system performs the filter algorithm on the last few acquired rows and discards the oldest row as a new row is acquired.
In another aspect of the invention, some of the pixel values received by the processor are discarded as they are received and only a subset of the values is stored in the memory. Pixels may be discarded at a uniform rate throughout the image or at a non-uniform rate. For example, pixels may be discarded at a high rate near the periphery of the image and at a low or zero rate near the center of the image to provide a greater resolution near the center of the image.
In another aspect of the invention, the values of adjacent pixels may be averaged with one another and a single value stored in memory representing the average of several adjacent pixels. The number of pixels averaged with each other may be uniform throughout the image or may be non-uniform. Many pixels may be averaged with each other near the periphery of the image and few or zero pixels may be averaged with each other near the center of the image to provide a greater resolution near the center of the image.
In another aspect of the invention, objects identified in the image may be extracted from the image and stored as the image is being acquired. For example, the present invention may be used to identify headlamps of oncoming vehicles in order to determine the high beam state of the headlamps of the controlled vehicle. The present invention can identify the presence of an oncoming headlamp in the image as it is being acquired and store various information about the headlamp in an object list.
In another aspect of the present invention, the image data may be compressed as it is being acquired. This compression is accomplished by many ways including reducing the number of quantization levels (bit depth) of a pixel value as it is being received. Reducing bit depth of the image may be performed either uniformly or non-uniformly across the image and by requantizing either linearly or non-linearly. This aspect of the present invention is particularly useful for reducing data rate when the camera is positioned away from the processor.
In another aspect of the present invention, image data is reduced by storing segments of connected pixels, which together make up an object of interest. For example, a string of connected pixels in one row of an image, all with grayscale values above a threshold, may be stored as one object. Rather than storing the grayscale values of each pixel, only the starting and ending pixels and the cumulative grayscale value of all the pixels are stored. In a color implementation, the average color of the segment may be stored. Finally, two dimensional groups of objects may also be stored. This aspect is particularly useful for greatly reducing the memory requirements and transmitting image data with the least possible overhead. The processing to reduce the image to a list of segments may be contained in the image sensor itself, in a companion processor (ASIC, microcontroller, DSP or the like) near the image sensor, or in the main processor.
In another aspect of the present invention a color image sensor is used to detect color information about an object in the scene. In this embodiment, multi-layer thin film interference filters are placed over each pixel in a checkerboard or mosaic pattern such that adjacent pixels are exposed to different spectral bands of light. The use of multi-layer thin film interference filters allows the implementation of a color imaging system in an automotive environment. Typical polymer color filters would be degraded by direct focusing of the sun onto the array which will occur when the vehicle is traveling or is parked such that the camera is in direct view of the sun.
To achieve these and other aspects and advantages, the imaging system of the present invention comprises an image array sensor including a plurality of pixels, each of the pixels is operable to generate a signal indicative of the amount of light received on the pixel; an analog to digital converter for quantizing the signals from the pixels into a digital value; and a memory including a plurality of allocated storage locations for storing the digital values from the analog to digital converter, wherein the number of storage locations in the allocated memory is less than the number of pixels in the image array sensor.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a control system is provided to control the headlamps of a vehicle. The control system comprises: an image array sensor including a plurality of pixels, each of the pixels is operable to generate a signal indicative of the amount of light received on the pixel; an optical system configured to image the scene forward of the controlled vehicle onto the image array sensor; an analog to digital converter for quantizing the signals from the pixels into a digital value; and a control circuit for processing the image of the scene obtained from the imaging system and for controlling the brightness of the headlamps in response to objects detected in the processed scene. The control circuit including a memory including a plurality of allocated storage locations for storing the digital values from the analog to digital converter, wherein the number of allocated storage locations in the memory is less than the number of pixels in the image array sensor.
According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, a control system is provided to control the headlamps of a vehicle. The control system comprises: an image array sensor including a plurality of pixels, each of the pixels is operable to generate a signal indicative of the amount of light received on the pixel; an optical system configured to image the scene forward of the controlled vehicle onto the image array sensor; and a control circuit for processing the image of the scene obtained from the imaging system and for controlling the brightness of the headlamps in response to objects detected in the processed scene, wherein the control circuit generates a segment list identifying segments of adjacent ones of the pixels that generate a signal having a grayscale value above a threshold as the signals are received from the pixels.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, an inside rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle comprises: a mirror mount adapted to be mounted inside the vehicle in a location proximate to or on the front windshield of the vehicle; a mirror bezel coupled to the mirror mount; a mirror mounted in the mirror bezel; an imaging system mounted to the mirror mount and configured to image the scene forward of the vehicle; and a control circuit electrically coupled to the imaging system for processing the image of the scene obtained from the image array sensor and for performing predetermined function in response to objects detected in the processed scene, wherein at least a portion of the control circuit is mounted to the mirror mount.
According to still another embodiment of the present invention, an imaging system for a vehicle is provided that comprises: an image array sensor; an optical system configured to image the scene forward of the controlled vehicle onto the image array sensor; and a control circuit coupled to the image array sensor for processing the image of the scene obtained from the image array sensor to control the vehicle headlamps in response to objects detected in the processed scene, the control circuit further processes the scene obtained from the image array sensor to perform at least one of the following functions: (a) to generate a collision avoidance warning; (b) to control the speed of the vehicle; and (c) to generate a lane departure indication signal.
These and other features, advantages, and objects of the present invention will be further understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art by reference to the following specification, claims, and appended drawings.
In the drawings:
Referring to
Images acquired by image sensor 101 are transmitted to the processor 105 over bus 107. The processor 105 may be of a variety of types such as a microcontroller, digital signal processor (DSP), field programmable gate array (FPGA), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or the like. An appropriate processor for the implementation of several aspects of the present invention is a microcontroller of the MCS912 family available from Motorola. The bus 107 can also be of a variety of types, for example bus 107 may be a three wire serial interface which communicates image exposure instructions from processor 105 to the timing and control circuit 104 and communicates image data from image sensor 101 to processor 105, such as is described in the '469 patent. Alternatively, bus 107 may be a parallel bus for communicating image data with image control parameters communicated on the same lines or separate signal lines. Bus 107 could also carry analog signals such as the common NTSC video signal. Bus 107 could be implemented by using a wireless network, by using a MOST bus, using an IEEE-1394 bus, a CAN bus, or by using a bus conforming to the AMI-C specification. In this case, the conversion from analog to digital signals would occur on the processor side of bus 107.
In prior art systems, images received by processor 105 would be stored to memory 106 in their entirety. In the present invention, image data may be processed as the image data is being received by processor 105 and the results of this processing may be stored in memory 106. Memory 106 may be integral to processor 105 or external to the processor. The present invention provides the advantage of performing many of the analysis tasks necessary to control vehicle equipment utilizing the amounts of memory which are typically integrated with many common microcontrollers and DSPs.
Image sensor 101, A/D converter 103, and timing and control circuitry 104 are preferably made integral on the same monolithic device. Optionally, processor 105 and/or memory 106 may also be made integral with image sensor 101, A/D converter 103, and timing and control circuit 104. Alternatively, any or all of the above components may be made as separate devices or any of the above components may be made integral with any other component as is convenient for the specific implementation of the invention. Finally, components other than those listed or multiple instances of the components listed either may be present as discrete components or combined integrally with other components.
The image processing system 100 of the present invention can be advantageously integrated into a rearview mirror assembly 200 as illustrated in
This embodiment is useful for automatic control of vehicle headlights, for imaging a region of a windshield 220 to detect rain, or any other application where a forward view of a vehicle is useful to control vehicle equipment.
Referring to
As also shown in
Bus 107 may be constructed as a multi-wire cable, which provides bus signals as well as power, ground, and clock signals to camera circuit board 202. This cable may be formed from conventional multi-conductor wire, shielded cable, or as a flex circuit; the last of which may be especially advantageous if bus 107 is a parallel bus requiring multiple connections. Processor 105 may alternatively be positioned on camera circuit board 202 (or integrated into the image sensor) and another cable could be connected to mirror circuit board 203 if mirror assembly 200 contains additional electronic functions, such as electrochromic auto dimming mirror, a compass, etc.
Another method to reduce the complexity of the bus cable 107, particularly if the bus 107 is a parallel bus, is to position another processor 105′ or logic circuit on camera circuit board 202 while main processor 105 is remotely located such as in the mirror body or elsewhere in the vehicle. Communication between the image sensor, second processor, and main processor may be serial or parallel. In a preferred embodiment, communication between the image sensor and the second processor 105′ is parallel and communication between the two processors is serial. Optionally, second processor 105′ may perform some of the processing functions described hereinafter. The use of a second processor may facilitate the use of an off-the-shelf image sensor which otherwise may have too many control and data signals to conveniently communicate over a cable between the body 210 and mount 207 of a mirror assembly 200.
Headlamp control and rain sensing may also be accomplished using two separate cameras in the mirror mount but using only one processor. In this case, both cameras could share the same bus to communicate with the main processor. This allows substantially different optics optimized for each application to be used with each image sensor.
Information determined by processor 105 or decisions made by processor 105 may be communicated with vehicle equipment over a vehicle wiring harness 108. Vehicle wiring harness 108 may be implemented in a variety of ways including a dedicated point-to-point signal to the controlled vehicle equipment or by the use of a multiplexed vehicle bus such as the CAN bus or J1850 bus. Such a vehicle wiring harness 108 may be used as a power and communication link with vehicle components such as headlamps, windshield wipers, and other displays or warning or control subsystems within the vehicle.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the required allocated memory necessary to process images from image sensor 101 is reduced by analyzing only particular regions or windows of the image at a time. By acquiring only a particular subwindow at a given time, only enough allocated memory to store that particular subwindow is required. Each subwindow is acquired and processed individually until the entire image area, or whatever subset of the entire area is desired, is processed. The subwindow may be of a variety of sizes depending on the application. The subwindow may be a single or row, a single column, or any rectangular or square region of pixels.
The advantages of processing select subwindows are many. For example, different processing parameters may be applied to different regions of the image by varying the process parameters with each subwindow used. Different exposures may be used for different subwindows. This is particularly important when imaging a scene during the day, as is required for a rain sensor. Normally a high dynamic range image sensor is necessary to properly expose regions of the scene above and below the horizon since the brightness of the scene above the horizon is typically substantially higher than that below the horizon. However, by using different subwindows for regions above and below the horizon, different exposures can be used allowing each region to be properly exposed.
Several imaging processing tasks involve the use of digital filters to quantify frequency components of an image, detect edges, or other similar functions. These filters are typically implemented by use of a kernel—a matrix of coefficients to multiply pixels in a region surrounding the current pixel in order to extract information about the pixel. This can be described mathematically by the following kernel table and expression:
A pixel grayscale value is represented by Val(x,y), where x and y are the coordinates of the current pixel. The value of the pixel in a new image created by applying the filter kernel to an existing image is:
As an example, a high pass filter can be implemented by setting the coefficients A, C, G & I to 0; D, B, F & H to −1; and E to 4. Other filters, which can be implemented with kernels using more complex procedures, include edge filters such as the Sobel or Roberts edge filters. Finally, the use of a 3×3 kernel is only exemplary. Larger kernels or non-square kernels are also applicable.
In many applications of the present invention, it is not actually necessary to create a new image by using the filter but rather to quantify the total high or low frequency components of an image or subwindow of an image. Alternatively it may be useful to detect edges in an image and store only their location or the number of edges rather than to create a new image. In this case, it is possible to reduce the memory required to process images by performing the filtering as the image is received. Memory is needed only to store one or a few rows of the image at a time. If a 3×3 kernel is used, three rows worth of memory can be used to store pixel values while the kernel is being executed. After the kernel has been executed across the second row of the image, a fourth row can be received and the first row can be discarded. The result of the kernel being applied to the second row can be tallied in another memory location. This result may be a sum of all the results of the kernel, a location of high or low frequency components, edge locations, or the like. This process continues over the entire image while it is being received from imager 101.
In another embodiment, only select pixels are stored into memory 106 as the image is being received. For example, in an automatic headlamp control system, it may not be necessary to have a very high resolution image. If a standard off-the-shelf image sensor is being used, such as a CIF format sensor, there may be far more pixels than are required to produce an adequately functioning system. Rather than increase the cost of the system by including adequate memory to store the entire image, the memory requirements may be reduced by discarding some of the pixels as they are received. In a simple implementation, this may involve simply storing only the nth pixel received, where n is a number dependent on the resolution of the sensor and the number of pixels actually required to achieve adequate performance. With a CIF sensor n may be, for example, 3. Alternatively, n pixels may be averaged to produce a smaller image. This can occur in both vertical and horizontal directions and n×n pixels may be averaged into a single value.
In another embodiment, n is not a uniform number throughout the image. In an automatic headlamp control system, it is useful to have a greater resolution near the center of the image corresponding to the direction where a vehicle's high beams are most intense. This enables more accurate detection of faint and small light sources in this central zone. Farther off axis, only bright and large objects may need to be detected. To accomplish a variable resolution image, the value of n is increased off-axis and reduced near the center. Off-axis pixels may be averaged or skipped. Near the center, n may be 1 and every pixel may be stored.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the image processing system may be used for automatic headlamp control. Automatic headlamp control systems typically are used to change the beam illumination pattern produced by the vehicle headlamps. The illumination pattern may be varied in response to detected light sources to the front of the vehicle, by varying the aim, brightness, and/or focus of the headlamps and/or selectively activating different combinations of exterior lights functioning as headlamps. Ideally, the system can distinguish between headlamps of oncoming vehicles, tail lamps of forward vehicles, and non-vehicle light sources. Automatic headlamp control systems are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,837,994, 6,008,486, and 6,049,171; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/528,389; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,587,573, entitled "System for Controlling Exterior Vehicle Lights," filed on Mar. 5, 2001, all to Stam et al., commonly assigned with the present invention, and hereby incorporated by reference. In these systems, two image subwindows are acquired through two different colored lenses. Each subwindow images the same scene, but through different color filters. Light sources detected in one subwindow are compared to light sources detected in the other subwindow to determine the relative ratio of each color light in the object. This information is used to distinguish the red light from tail lamps from the white light of headlamps.
Using the inventive image processing system for headlamp control, light sources are extracted from an image as the image is received. A light source within an image may be defined as a set of connected pixels, all of which have grayscale values above a threshold. Connected pixels refer to pixels which are adjacent to one another on one side or, optionally, diagonally. An algorithm defining a method for detecting light sources within an image as each row of the image is being received by the processor is illustrated in
The segment list is then traversed to combine segments directly above or below each other into a list of lights, each showing the bounding rectangle coordinates, total pixel value, and size. The sum of X and Y coordinates is also computed. This process may involve merging lights that are adjacent as well as segment information.
The object or segment extraction (i.e., generating the segment list and/or object lists) may be performed by either a main processor 105 or in another processor 105′ located near the image sensor (or integrated into the image sensor). Extracting objects or segments near image sensor 101 minimizes the data which must be transmitted over a cable (107) between mirror mount 207 and mirror body 210. Conceivably, a camera with an image sensor could be located in a remote part of the vehicle and object or segment data could be transmitted via a bus. In a preferred embodiment, a logic component (i.e., processor 105′) on or near the image sensor computes the start, stop, and total gray value of a segment of illuminated pixels in a row. These three parameters are sent from the mirror mount to the mirror body. The processor 105 in the mirror body 210 combines these segments with other segments to identify two dimensional objects and then applies rules to determine the proper action. In a color image sensor, average color, or the total red, green, and blue (RGB) values are sent to the main processor 105 along with the start and stop column index.
The lists are then traversed again, computing the center coordinates from the X and Y sums and eliminating red lights below various thresholds. The red lights are then sorted by their center coordinates while the white lights are sorted by their minimum X and Y values. The memory used for the X and Y sums can now be used for other purposes, such as storing the corresponding white value and center coordinates.
The resulting red list is traversed to locate a white light with a bounding rectangle containing the red light's center position. This is done to determine whether or not the light source that is detected is a headlight or a tail light.
The light levels and sizes in the resulting list can then be compared with various criteria to further categorize the light sources.
Having generally described the method as depicted in
If processor 105 determines in step 310 that the grayscale value from a pixel is not above the threshold, the processor determines in step 314 whether the state is true (i.e., whether or not the prior pixel was part of an identified segment). If the state is true, the processor proceeds to step 316 and where it sets the last column number as the maximum X value in the current segment.
Then in step 316, processor 105 increments the segment index to point to a subsequent segment (i.e., a new "current segment"), testing to assure that the maximum number of segments have not already been stored. The state is also set to False. After step 316 or if processor 105 determined in step 314 that the state is not true, the process flows to step 318 which stores the current column number as the first column in the current segment. Note that the column number stored as the first column is actually one less than the actual first column. Later processing steps take this into account. After step 318, the process flows to step 320 where it is determined whether all of the red subwindow columns have been processed for the row.
Once all of the red subwindow columns have been processed for the row, control passes to step 322. In step 322, the state is tested. If True (i.e., the last pixel of the row contained a value over the threshold), the processor proceeds to step 324. If False, the processing proceeds with step 326.
In step 324, processor 105 sets the first column to point to the first pixel of the white subwindow portion of image sensor array 101, which are treated as extra columns. Also, the segment index is incremented if it is not already at the limit and the state is set to "false."
The process then proceeds through a white loop-nested subroutine where the second half of the row corresponding to the white subwindow is read and processed. This loop is similar in nature to the red loop with steps 326-342 corresponding identically to steps 308-324. Because the same image is imaged onto the two different subwindows of image sensor 101, light from light sources outside the vehicle that passes through both filters would be detected in the same regions and patterns for the first and second halves of the processed row. In a preferred embodiment, the first filter is a red filter, which only allows red light to pass while the second filter is a cyan filter, which only allows light having cyan components to pass through. Thus, a vehicle's tail lights may appear on the first half of the row in the red subwindow and would not appear in the second subwindow, while light from a vehicle's headlamps would be detected in both subwindows since such light typically exhibits a spectrum with light components in both the red and cyan portions of the spectrum. It will be appreciated, however, that a combination of red and clear filters could be used in place of the combination of red and cyan filters.
After reading each pixel in the second half of the row corresponding to the white loop, and the cleanup steps in steps 340 and 342, processor 105 proceeds to checking in step 344 whether all rows of image sensor 101 have been processed. If they have not all been processed, the procedure loops back to step 306 to process each subsequent row in a similar manner. In this sequence, the segment list is constructed.
As noted above, once the segment list has been constructed, the white light list and the red light list are formulated based upon the information in the segment list. Specifically, segments in the segment list in adjacent rows and sharing common columns may be merged to define either a white or red light that is identified in one of the red or white light lists. Based upon the information in the red and white light lists, processor 105 controls the high or low beam state of the vehicle's headlamps.
In a second embodiment, objects are again extracted from an image as the image is received. The objects within an image are again defined as a set of connected pixels all of which have grayscale values above a threshold. An algorithm defining a method of detecting connected pixels within images as each image is being received is illustrated in
The next item stored is an array of object indices, the size of one row of the image being processed. These indices refer to the objects that contain the pixels in the row previously processed. The array elements are initialized to zero, indicating no light sources above the upper row of pixels. In the following description, the element of this array that corresponds to the current column is referred to as the above index. For example, if the pixel above the current pixel is contained in light source 2, the above index will contain the value 2.
Finally, a single object index is used to refer to the light source of the previous pixel processed, referred to as the "left index." The left index is initialized to zero at the start of each row. As each pixel is processed, it is either considered part of light source (numbered greater than zero) or not. At the end of pixel processing, the index of the light source (0 for no light source) is assigned to both the left index and row element corresponding to the current column. The above index is then obtained from the next column. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the value of the left index could be determined by referring to the previous above index. Other methods of storing values using pointers or addresses may be used as well. The value of left index or other values may be stored in registers rather than processor memory.
Upon detecting a pixel having a grayscale value above the threshold in step 402, processor 105 then proceeds to step 410 where it determines whether the above source index is no longer zero. Initially, the above source index is set to zero such that processor 105 would proceed to step 412 where it determines whether the left source index is no longer zero. Again, initially, the left source index would be equal to zero such that processor 105 would proceed to step 414 in which it creates a new source in the source list and adds the current pixel information including the row and column number and the grayscale value. Each time processor 105 creates a new source, it increments a new source index such that each source that is identified has its own unique index. After step 414, processor 105 sets the left and above index equal to the new source index (steps 415 and 416) prior to proceeding through steps 408 and 402 to determine whether the next pixel has a grayscale value above the threshold. Assuming the grayscale value is above the threshold, processor 105 checks in step 410 whether the above source index is no longer zero.
In this case, the above index now refers to the next pixel in the row array and equals 0 (no source). The left index, set in the previous pixel, is set to point to the current light source. This results in steps 410 and 412 passing control to step 430 where the current pixel information is added to this light source. The row array value corresponding to this column is set to this value in step 432.
In another case where the previous pixel was below the threshold (the left index=0) and the pixel above the current part of pixel is part of a light source (the above index≠0), steps 410 and 418 pass control to step 420. The current pixel information is added to the source referenced to by the above index. The left index is then set to the value of the above index in step 422.
The remaining condition, where the above index and left index are not equal to zero, results in execution of steps 424-428. These steps set merge pointers that link adjacent light sources. In the post processing, these pointers will be used to combine the light sources. First, in step 424, the source pointed to by the merge pointer of the source referenced by the above index is set to the left index. Although it is theoretically possible for the above index to be already merged with another source, further study may show this step to be unnecessary, since the effects of not merging these sources may be smaller than the time it takes to do this extra assignment. Then in step 425, the merge pointer of the light source referenced by the above index is set to the left index. If the light sources are the same, setting the merge pointer will have no effect. Following this, the current pixel information is added to the light source referenced by the left index. Finally, the row array element for this column is set to the left index.
When a pixel is detected as having a grayscale value below the threshold (in step 402) and when the prior pixel had a value that exceeded the threshold, the left source index and the above source index are reset to zero (steps 404 and 406) such that when the next pixel is detected that exceeds the threshold, it will be assigned to a new source (step 414). The process thus continues to loop through this image reception and processing phase to generate the working object list.
At the end of the image reception and processing phase, the working object list must be converted into a final object list. First, objects which must be merged are merged by adding all of the values from each object into one new object. A new object list is created containing the merged information. Additionally, the TotalX and TotalY variables are divided by the size variable to yield the X and Y center coordinates of the object.
The examples presented assume a serial control architecture as described in the above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,469 where pixel values are received serially in the Receive Data Register (RDR) of the Synchronous Serial Interface peripheral of the Motorola microcontroller. With this configuration, there is sufficient time between the reception of subsequent pixels and subsequent rows to implement the steps outlined. However, with other controllers, it may be necessary to slow down the pixel transmission rate to achieve this while with other faster controllers, the pixel rate can be increased or additional processing can be accomplished between pixels. If insufficient time is available to complete the post-row processing step before the receipt of the next row, it is possible to store the row source list for each row until the end of image acquisition. This method still has the potential for substantial memory savings over storing the entire image. One skilled in the art will also appreciate that this method may be adapted to other image transmission schemes, such as a parallel image bus.
The above method of detecting objects can be modified to support the headlamp imaging function. In this modification, the method is implemented twice, once for each color window and two object lists are created and compared. Alternatively, if there is highly accurate spatial correlation between pixels in one subwindow and pixels in the other subwindow, the algorithm can be implemented once on one subwindow and when the corresponding row from the other subwindow is received, the corresponding pixel total grayscale values can be tallied and included in the row source list.
Analyzing images to produce a list of objects in the image has many advantages. Once this list is analyzed, the brightness, location, and other properties can be checked to determine if a response to the presence of these objects in the image is necessary. For example, in the headlamp control application, the presence of an object with a certain total grayscale value in a certain region of the image may require the high beams to be turned off.
As discussed above, the control circuit that is coupled to the image array sensor for processing the image of the scene obtained by the image array sensor may include one or more processors. Referring back to
As also explained above, the image processing system 100 of the present invention may be used for various applications, such as headlamp control and rain sensing. Because the same imaging system may be used for both these applications, the control circuit may be configured to process the image data for both such applications simultaneously so as to control the vehicle headlamps and the windshield wipers based upon information obtained using the image sensing system of the present invention. Additionally, the image processing system of the present invention may be used in a system for generating a collision avoidance warning when the vehicle is too close behind another vehicle. Additionally, the images obtained from the image processing system of the present invention could be used by an adaptive cruise control system, which varies the speed at which the cruise control is set based upon the proximity of the vehicle to other vehicles in front of the vehicle. Further, the images could be used in a system that generates a lane departure indication signal when it is detected that the vehicle has departed from its present lane. Such a signal could be used for various purposes, such as providing the driver with a lane departure warning. As with the combination of the rain detector and headlamp controller features in a common control circuit, any of the various applications noted above may be combined such that image data obtained from the inventive image processor system may be processed by a common control circuit, which may include one or more processors to thereby generate a collision avoidance warning, to control the speed of the vehicle, to control the vehicle headlamps, to control the vehicle windshield wipers, to control the vehicle climate control system, and/or to generate a lane departure indication signal.
The present invention can be used with a color image sensor to provide additional information about the color of objects in the scene. In the embodiments disclosed above, color (red vs. white) is sensed by using lenses of two different colors forming two images on different halves of the array. As an alternative a checkerboard or mosaic pattern may be deposited on to the array such that neighboring pixels are exposed to separate bands of light. A technique for depositing interference filters of different colors onto neighboring pixels is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,711,889 to Philip E. Buchsbaum, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In one embodiment, neighboring pixels are alternatively coated with a red filter (R) and no filter (clear (C)) as illustrated in the table below.
In this embodiment the optics are slightly defocused such that the spot size from a distant point light source covers at least two pixels. In this way, an accurate reading of the red component of the object can be determined. The inventors have discovered that common color filter array technologies, typically employing polymer filters, will not withstand direct focused sunlight. In many automotive applications, the sun may be focused onto the array if a vehicle is traveling or parked such that the sun is within the field of view of the camera. Interference filters are far more robust and reflect the unwanted spectral bands of light rather than absorb them. As a result, their use overcomes the limitations of the prior filtering technologies and allows the construction of an automotive camera. These filters can be used not only with cameras which are used in applications which control vehicle equipment but also in applications where images are acquired and displayed to the driver for visual assistance.
In another embodiment, three-color interference filters can be used to construct a red, green, and blue (RGB) pixel array (or their complements) as illustrated in the table below.
A full color value for each pixel is determined by using the color of the current pixel and interpolating the other two colors from neighboring pixels with different filter colors. Techniques for performing this interpolation are well known in the art. In a simpler scheme, groups of four pixels are treated as one "super pixel." The lens is defocused enough such that the image of a point light source is blurred over a 2×2 block of pixels. For each block of 2×2 pixels the red, green, and blue color components are determined from the individual pixels. This data can be represented as either three separate values or as an intensity and color value.
The use of a 2×2 super pixel simplifies processing and reduces the total number of values stored. This technique can be combined with any of the other techniques in an application requiring color imaging. For an application such as a high beam headlamp control system, traditional color interpolation can be used near the center of the image for increased resolution and the technique of using super pixels can be used away from center. Super pixels larger than 2×2 blocks can be used where substantially decreased resolution is acceptable. Instead of red, green, and blue, the complementary colors of magenta, cyan, and yellow could likewise be used.
By reducing the amount of memory space that need be allocated for processing the image data, either the amount of memory as a whole may be reduced or more of the memory may be used for storing light list histories or for other processing functions such as compass processing functions, electrochromic mirror control functions, telematics functions, etc. Thus, it is conceivable that processor 105 may be used for such other functions.
The above description is considered that of the preferred embodiments only. Modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art and to those who make or use the invention. Therefore, it is understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings and described above are merely for illustrative purposes and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the following claims as interpreted according to the principles of patent law, including the doctrine of equivalents.
Citations de brevets
Citations hors brevets
Référencé par
Événements juridiques
Image d'origine
Faire pivoter


text:
|The most helpful favorable review
|The most helpful critical review
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful:
By Spetsnaz Boy from USA on 2011-05-13 00:10:16Things I liked:Hey it's Spetsnaz Boy again. My last review was a week after I bought it, and I have now had it for 2 years now. The value for your money is fantastic! Reliability: I love to crawl in bushes and throw myself down on the ground from enemy fire and this gun has taken the beating like a champ. Although some of the paint has chipped off and I had to reattach the rail, the gun has retained it's out of the box performance. FPS: It's not the hardest shooter out there, but it is good because it chronos under most field regulations. Accuracy: With a .2g bb, all this gun is good for is for plinking. About 3 months ago I invested in some .3g bbs and and it has become one of my most effective airsoft rifles out in the field.. Fear Factor: It's a sniper rifle, and a lot of the people I play with are afraid of it. Not only is it good for suppresing a large number of people, it also can demoralize an enemy when you take out of of their players from 100 feet away.
Things I would have changed:The FPS is a little low but it will get the job done on most fields. Don't expect to shoot someone past 40 yards. Upgrading to 500 fps though would definitely allow you to use the even more accurate .4g bbs out at a distance.
What others should know:Get this gun if you want a reliable gun that will last you a long time.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful:
By Chris from USA on 2011-01-28 15:44:28Things I liked:I hate this gun! It doesn't work!
Things I would have changed:Everything! First have this gun work! It is not worth the money! DONT'T BUY IT! It is a scan!
What others should know:Just be smart and don't fall for the mistake I did!
|By Johann from USA on 2012-02-08
|By Michael from USA on 2012-10-11
|By Michelle from Canada on 2012-09-23
CheckoutSubtotal (USD):
does not include shipping and tax

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Ho-ly Shit!
AWFUL stoppage...
A tiger never loses sleep over the opinion of sheep.
Horrible stoppage. Possibly the worst I've ever seen right there.
Barnett's clinch game looks pretty viscous tonight. Mir has always been pretty weak in the clinch though.
He got back up because it was before Barnett could kill him like Carwin did. Tad early, but same conclusion. Mir's had his lights put out too many times, no need for him to take more needless shots.
Bad stoppage. That said, time to retire and commentate. For the sake of his long term health.
"To be truly walking on the warrior's path, we have to bring our minds back to the time when we were not ashamed of our dreams; when reality had not yet frustrated our ambitions; when our desire was still too strong to be repressed, and our spirit refused to surrender in resignation; when we were not yet doctors, businessmen, or lawyers, but still wanted to be heroes, leaders, bodhisattvas. The first step on the way to being warriors is to get back in touch with our dreams."
Everybody get ready to cringe at Barnett's terrible wrestling promo.
That fucked my whole day up. I mean, fuck man.
A tiger never loses sleep over the opinion of sheep.
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)


text:
Gun free Great Britain
With big mouth Piers Morgan leading the media battle against guns in here in the USA you'd think he'd want to head back to the mother land of the UK.
He knows he's much safer right here in the heavily armed USA. In fact, we are the most armed nation in the world at 88 guns for every 100 people, Yemen is second with 54 per 100. But the crime rate numbers tell the whole story.
Fox News program "Reality Check" revealed the FBI's statistics related to violent crime in the U.S.
In 2011, there were 12,664 violent crimes – 8,583 by guns, 400 justified by police and 260 justified by citizens. That leaves 7,923 raw violent gun deaths in our population of 314,686,519.
But what about Great Britain? It only had 59 (not the 36 as Morgan claimed) gun related deaths, sounds good but here's the rest of the story. Great Britain had 10,872 total crimes per 100,000 people while the America had less than half at 3,959 per 100,000. In other words, Morgan is more than twice as likely to be mugged in England than in the U.S.
Gun-free England is rated the most violent crime nation in the European Union. It is fifth in robbery and fourth in burglary.
Additionally, the totally progressive California, just reported a 24 percent drop in crime while experiencing over double the rate of normal gun sales. As horrible as it seems, we are not experiencing an increase in the rate of school shootings over the past, relative to our population, like the anti-gun lobby would like you to believe.
Go back to Great Britain Morgan and stop spreading your erroneous anti-gun agenda facts here.
Claude O'Donovan
Notice about comments:
Aiken Standard is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. Some of the comments may be reprinted elsewhere in the site or in the newspaper. We ask that you refrain from profanity, hate speech, personal comments and remarks that are off point.
We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click the X that appears in the upper right corner when you hover over a comment. This will send the comment to Facebook for review. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.


text:
Z Spoke Zac Posen
Aida Cosmetic Case Set
- Color:
- ivory/black
Qty: 1
- 1
- 2
- 3
Please select an available size.
Please select a size.
Share This Item: Email
- Set includes large and small cosmetic case
- Patent leather with stitch detail and logo plate at front
- Zip closure with one slip pocket and one zipper pocket
- Large pouch: body length 9½ inches; height 6 inches; width 3 inches; Small pouch: body length 8 inches; height 5 inches; width 2 inches
Material: Patent leather
Brand: Z Spoke Zac Posen
Origin: Imported


text:
Hang tight!
Recipe by Melissa Mynarich Vanderlaan
"Super moist, refreshing dessert. I serve this at Easter or Mother's Day."
Hmm. None of these ingredients are on sale today.
Show ingredients on sale
Sort stores by
Save money at local stores when ingredients are on sale!
Watch video tips and tricks
For the Cake:
3 1/4 cups
all-purpose flour
1/2 teaspoon
baking powder
1/4 teaspoon
3/4 cup
2 1/2 cups
white sugar
2 teaspoons
lemon extract
1 tablespoon
lemon zest
1 teaspoon
lemon zest
2 tablespoons
lemon juice
eggs, room temperature
2 cups
sour cream
For the Compote:
4 cups
frozen pitted sweet cherries
1/4 cup
white sugar
2 tablespoons
cold water
2 teaspoons
1/4 teaspoon
almond extract
For the Glaze:
1 cup
confectioners' sugar
I published this recipe - I prefer to use loaf pans, I have actually never done this in a bundt pan. The cherry compote takes this already amazing pound cake over the top! I store the compote separately and let it cool slightly before I serve. Enjoy!
I was so looking forward to this cake. The picture looks so good,. I went out and bought all the ingredients for a double recipe. I don't know what I did wrong. The flavor is good, but the texture is not. It's like a biscuit! I'm sorry, but I'm not making this again.
12 Ratings
Yummy! Easy to make. I served with sweetened strawberries instead of making the compote. The cake is very dense, like a pound cake should be.
It was amazing!
I made this last night, adding a little extra lemon everything and a little less flour mixture with 4 tbsp of milk and 4 tsp of lemon pudding mix. THE BEST POUND CAKE I HAVE EVER EATEN. Springy and lemony with the perfect texture. I will definitely be making this again and again. I made mine it two loaf pans and it took A LOT longer to cook than the time on here but the recipe is delightful!
Delicious!!! :)
I love this cake. I've made it several times and it has always turned out great - quite moist and dense. I make mine like a sheet cake in a swiss roll tin because I don't have a bundt tin. It's a relatively shallow dish so I keep a close eye on the cooking time because it's cooks more quickly. Definitely a favourite in our house and I've been asked for the recipe by friends who've tasted it. I've never made the compote so can't say what that's like but for a party I drizzled melted chocolate over the cake before I cut it up into squares.
consistency did not work, had to add way more sour cream to make it work.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Sour Cream Lemon Pound Cake with Cherry Compote
Serving Size: 1/16 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 16
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 467
Calories from Fat: 142
With our 2,700+ chicken breast recipes, you'll never serve the same old chicken again.
The firm, juicy texture of zucchini make them a perfect side to toss on the grill.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
A classic recipe for a cream cheese pound cake.
Blueberries, cinnamon-sugar, and pecans—wake up to a bite of the Big Yummy!
Discover the no-fail way to make moist chocolate Bundt cake.


text:
Style #:
For further details regarding our pricavy policies including the use of cookies please click here. For instructions on how to enable cookies please click here. If you need assistance one of our customer service representatives at 1-800-850-7463 would be glad to help.
Price: $119.95
Sale Price: $0.00 Save 100%
Select Your Size
Then, Select Your Width
Additional Views
Walking has never been more comfortable. Clarks WAVEWALK technology features an innovative curved rocker sole that conserves energy, absorbs shock, and cushions the joints to enhance the walking experience. Soft premium leather and a removable OrthoLite footbed cushion each step. Slip On this women's casual shoe in black leather and treat your feet to true walking ease.
No Customers Have Reviewed This Product Yet
Share your thoughts with other customers
Enter email address to join our mailing list


text:
Medical Billing
The Medical Billing Certificate program at Kent State Salem offers students a quick entry into the workforce in a field where job opportunities are plentiful.
The January - summer program is convenient for today's working students with courses being held in the evenings and the amount of time you will spend in class reduced by using many online exercises.
All courses in the program are University classes and can be used in earning an associate or bachelor's degree. Financial aid is available for qualified students.
Students in the Medical Billing Certificate wishing to continue their education have the opportunity to apply 12-15 credit hours from the certificate toward an Associate of Applied Science Degree in Human Services Technology. Please contact the HST Academic Program Director for more information.
Call Kent State University at Salem today to schedule an appointment with an admissions representative to discuss how you can start the program.
Larry Froehlich
Office #105-F
Spring SemesterFirst 8 Weeks
HED 14020 Medical Terminology (3 credits)
ITAP 16620 Word Processing I (3 credits)
BSCI 10001 Human Biology (3 credits)
Second 8 Weeks
ITAP 26655 ICD Coding (3 credits)
ITAP 26656 CPT Coding (3 credits)
IntersessionITAP 16639 Database Applications (3 credits)
SummerITAP 26650 Medical Billing Procedures (3 credits)
Click here for gainful employment disclosure on this certificate for 2014- 15
University Catalog Entry for Medical Billing Certificate 2014-15


text:
The study of psychology prepares students to enter graduate programs in psychology, medicine, law and business, among other fields. Students who elect to continue their education enter highly regarded programs.
The following links are virtual breadcrumbs marking the 27 most recent pages you have visited in Bucknell.edu. If you want to remember a specific page forever click the pin in the top right corner and we will be sure not to replace it. Close this message.


text:
(skip this header)
Tuesday, August 04, 2015
In an annual tradition, the Seafair Pirates marched onto Alki Beach. Thousands of people came to see the spectacle. Click the expand arrow, lower right, for a larger view.
Reader Services: My account | Mobile | RSS feeds | Follow us on Twitter | Facebook | E-mail newsletters
Company Info: Advertise online | Contact us | Send us tips | Job openings | About the P-I | Hearst Corp. | Terms of use | Privacy policy | Your California Privacy Rights | About our ads
Advertising Services: SEO by LocalEdge | PPC Management by Metrix4Media | Ad Choices
Send comments to firstname.lastname@example.com
© 2015 Hearst Seattle Media, LLC


text:
Order online and have it mailed to your door—no waiting in line at the RMV. Proceeds benefit scholarships and programs and the special plate fee is tax deductible.
Get a plate today at www.massrmv.com
Login to our Online Directory to update your profile, reunite with friends and expand your network.
Simply click on "Login" at the top of the page. If you need assistance, the Alumni Association is here to help.
Access online resources including our UMass Amherst Alumni LinkedIn Group and Career Beam to help you with your job search or career transition.
Use these tools to connect with alumni, have a first look at job opportunities and take advantage of resume and interview resources.
Hear from our studentson how contributions to the Alumni Association make a difference to their UMass experience.


text:
According to reports provided by the Aiken Department of Public Safety:
A 48-year-old Aiken woman reported vandalism on Tuesday after returning to her Carver Terrace home to find it had been egged.
A 55-year-old man was detained for disorderly conduct on Wednesday after he was found laying on the ground outside a convenience store on Richland Avenue. The man smelled of alcohol and was visibly intoxicated.
A 17-year-old woman and an 18-year-old woman were detained for shoplifting on Tuesday after they tried to take cosmetic and clothing items from a store on Richland Avenue without paying. A 16-year-old girl was also charged but released to her parents.
A 25-year-old New Ellenton woman was detained for shoplifting on Tuesday after she tried to take several items from a store on Richland Avenue by concealing them in her purse.
An 18-year-old Aiken woman was detained for shoplifting on Tuesday after she tried to take clothing items from a store on Richland Avenue without paying.
Two unknown men shoplifted drinks from a store on Whiskey Road on Tuesday.
A 20-year-old Beaufort man allegedly stole an expensive jacket from a home in Aiken where he was staying temporarily.
A 66-year-old Aiken man reported identity theft on Tuesday after receiving a bill in the mail from Turbo Tax, even though he hadn't used the service. The victim later learned that someone had filed an additional tax return in his name.
An air conditioner unit was reported stolen from a home on Alfred Street on Tuesday.
An Aiken business owner reported vandalism at his York Street business on Tuesday after arriving and finding several holes in the windows.
According to reports provided by the Aiken County Sheriff's Office:
A Bath man reported a handgun stolen from his shop on Cushman Road on Tuesday.
A burglary was reported at a home on Edna Street in North Augusta on Tuesday. The owner reported cologne, coins and ammunition missing.
A vehicle break-in was reported on Oak Drive in Beech Island on Tuesday.
Vehicles were reported stolen from Atomic Road in Beech Island, Prague Street in North Augusta, Kneece Mill Road in Monetta and Richland Avenue in Aiken.
Notice about comments:
Aiken Standard is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. Some of the comments may be reprinted elsewhere in the site or in the newspaper. We ask that you refrain from profanity, hate speech, personal comments and remarks that are off point.
We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click the X that appears in the upper right corner when you hover over a comment. This will send the comment to Facebook for review. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.


text:
I was very accomplished yesterday, not only did I finish my business paper but I also got all of my MS Office homework done as well. I wasn't planning on doing so much work but I picked up a small shift at work today and a long shift tomorrow so I didn't want to be scrambling to get everything done. I'm pretty proud of my business paper (I wrote it on entrepreneurship and Etsy, blogging and graphic design) and I'm interested to see what my teacher has to say about it. I turned it in early to get extra credit points so hopefully that'll bring my grade from a high B to a low A.
I will tell you all this - I was never someone who cared that much about how good my grades were. In high school I was amazing in some classes. I pulled A's from classes like speech, creative writing, political science and sociology. But in some classes, such as anything involving math and chemistry, I was lucky to pass. I was always much more interested in boys and friends than my grades.
Lucky for me I did well on my ACTs and got into college but once I was in college and discovered that no one cared if you showed up to class or not I ditched. A lot. Needless to day I did terrible in college and that trend continued, wasting lots of time and money.
The school I am with not is ridiculously expensive. I am terrified of how long it's going to take me to pay back my loans. I'm not sure if it's that or simply my change in attitude that has caused me to do so well this time around. Either way, I am damn proud of how I'm doing. And I'm hoping that once I have that degree I'll be able to find a good job, something that I can be proud of.
I may not have taken a conventional route and maybe I'll be paying for it for the rest of my life (goodness, though, I hope not) but this time around I'm proud of what I'm doing. And come this time next year hopefully I'll be right where I want to be.
Twitter :: Facebook


text:
Questions & Answers
Do you have questions about this product?
Get answers from real customers and in-house experts with AnswerBox.
Q:Hi im kind of new to this so is a bubble bar technically like a bath bomb? does it fizz and do you put it in the tub at once?Asked on 6/25/2015 by jenny from burlington New Jersey
2 answers
A:A bubble bar is our version of bubble bath! To use it, you crumble up the bubble bar under the running water as you're filling your tub up. If you just drop it in like a bath bomb, it won't make any bubbles, so be sure you crush it up under the running water!Answered on 6/26/2015 by Serena from LUSH Direct
A:No, its not like a bath bomb. You can break it and put parts of it under
running water and it is more like bubble bath. It will create lots of
scented bubbles!Answered on 6/26/2015 by Anonymous
Q:What bath bombs go along with this bubble bar?Asked on 4/18/2015 by Anonymous
1 answer
A:I would recommend either Rose Queen, or the seasonal Rose Bombshell! Both of these have a lovely rose scent to them and would compliment this bubble bar very nicely! They also both contain rose petals, which gives that extra relaxing ambiance!Answered on 4/19/2015 by Sal from LUSH Direct
Q:Does this product expire?Asked on 9/15/2014 by Elise
1 answer
A:Freshness is really important to us and for best results we recommend using our products as fresh as possible. That said, you can use your bubble bars and bath bombs within 14 months of purchase.Answered on 9/25/2014 by Rene from LUSH Direct
Q:I'm so obsessed with this scent, is there a lotion that smells like this?Asked on 4/26/2012 by Sie by the Sea from Outer Banks, North Carolina
5 answers
A:Good news if you're still interested! They just added a massage bar (solid lotion) that is called "Pearl" and is scented with the popular Rose Jam scent!Answered on 1/2/2015 by Laura the Lush Lover from Coral Springs, Fl
A:I would recommend the Rose Argon Body Conditioner. It has a very similar, rose-based scent and is super moisturizing.Answered on 6/10/2012 by thirdformer from Louisville, KY
A:There isn't a lotion in this fragrance, but we do have a wonderful body conditioner called Ro's Argan Body Conditioner which smells exactly the same as this rosy beauty!Answered on 5/3/2012 by Megan from LUSH
A:Sadly no, as far as I'm aware, LUSH doesn't have any rose-scented lotion, let alone the particular Rose Jam scent.
However, the Ro's Argan Body Conditioner that LUSH makes is a wash-off lotion that you use in the shower that is the EXACT SAME scent. I definitely suggest that one; it's delightful! There was also a limited edition Rose Jam Perfume that I was able to pick up at my LUSH store a few months ago. It might still be available online somewhere :) Good luck!Answered on 5/14/2012 by Becs from LA, CA
A:sadly, no... The closest you'll come to a "lotion" with even a rose smell is Ro's Argan (which i can't really recommend... the idea of a body conditioner doesn't entirely wow me). If you're feeling adventurous, I believe the stores have smaller tubs of Ro's Argan at the moment (only about 5 dollars). you can test it out and see what it's like! who know's it might be just as wonderful, except for the shower.Answered on 5/16/2012 by eric.d. from tampa, FL


text:
Popular Links
Martin Luther King Day Holiday Hours 2013
In observance of Martin Luther King Day, some of our bank locations will be closed on Monday, January 21.
MILBANK – Farm & Home Show
Visit First Bank & Trust, one of over 80 local vendors, at the Farm & Home Show in Milbank located at the National Guard Armory (High School Gym) on Friday, January 11 and Saturday, January 12. Farmers – be sure to contact your Ag Officer for tickets to the Farmer Appreciation Breakfast on Saturday morning!
BROOKINGS – First Class Club, Travel Show
January 8 – Travel Show, Fall Trip. Join us at our Brookings Main location (lower level) as World Class Tours presents information about the 2013 Fall Trip to the Southwest region of the U.S. Refreshments will be provided. Please RSVP to Gloria, 696.2258 by January 4.


text:
New technology enhances 100% cotton with easy care at a great price. Stain resistant. Won't pill, shrink, fade, or wrinkle. Soft and comfortable. Extended back shirttail stays tucked in. Machine wash. Imported.
Additional Sizes:
Color : Select Swatch Below
On all online orders$50 or more◊
For Assistance Contact us Toll Free Anytime at 1-800-285-2265
California Transparency In Supply Chains Disclosure
1-800-285-2265 ©Jos. A. Bank Clothiers, Inc.


text:
Lace Ups
All Styles
Lace Ups
All Styles
Your Selections:37.5 X
About Women's Lace-up Shoes
TOMS offers women's lace up shoes in a variety of styles, from Brogues and Cordones to Paseos and Paseo Mid Tops. Whether you're looking for dress shoes for work or casual sneakers for a stroll outdoors, you'll find a variety of women's lace ups in solid colors as well as bold prints – meaning you'll find a great pair to match any look or outfit. Get those laces tied and step out in style. With every pair you purchase, TOMS will give a pair of new shoes to a child in need. One for One®.


text:
Bach to rock OmniWritten by Vicki L. Kroll | | email@example.com
Talking with Sebastian Bach is highly entertaining — just like you think it'd be.
The former frontman of Skid Row who went on to star on Broadway and appear on TV shows chatted during a phone call from Beverly Hills, Calif.
"I've been very lucky to do things in my career, that life has imitated art and art has imitated life," he said. "When I sang the song 'Youth Gone Wild,' I was 19 and I was f****** wild; there was no doubt about that. And in my new record, 'Kicking and Screaming,' the lyrics totally fit my life."
Bach will bring guitarist Nick Sterling and drummer Bobby Jarzombek to an 8 p.m. show Feb. 3 at the Omni, 2567 W. Bancroft St. Tickets are $20 in advance and $25 the night of the show. Also on the bill are Sugar Boxx and Stohl-n. Doors open at 6:30 p.m.
Toledo Free Press: "As Long As I Got the Music" sounds like your theme song.
Bach: It's kind of like my KISS song of the record, you know, get your fist in the air; that's the anthem of the record. I like the sparseness in the verses where it's just me and the drums with big power chords. And the lyrics are incredible; they fit me so good: "What you say don't mean a thing/ I've got the open road and my six-string/ Cuttin' loose is all we know/ Don't matter where we go/ Out of luck, no soul to spare/ Broke and stranded I don't care." It's saying as long as I got the music, you can't bother me, and that's 100 percent true. If I'm having a rough day or things aren't going my way, I can put in my iPod, listen to music, and it takes me away into another world. I think that's the best part about all music. It really is so visceral and it makes you feel so much.
TFP: Are you planning to return to Broadway?
Bach: They're asking me to be in the Broadway production of "Rock of Ages." I'm the first person they ever asked to be in that, but, to me, I didn't know if that was making fun of rock. I'm not interested in making fun of what I do for a living. But I just did the movie "Rock of Ages" with Tom Cruise and Catherine Zeta-Jones and Russell Brand and Alec Baldwin, and the movie was incredible. So I haven't seen the play. Maybe I'll go watch it and maybe I'll enjoy it and maybe I'll do that play.
But the plays that I did, "Jekyll & Hyde" and "Jesus Christ Superstar" and to a lesser extent "Rocky Horror," were totally legitimate Broadway productions … and that interests me more than some rock 'n' roll Broadway thing.
TFP: What Broadway role would you like to play?
Bach: I would like to be in the "Spider-Man" musical; I'd like to be the Green Goblin, but I know everybody's on trapeze, swinging around the venue, so I don't know if I'd really be into that [laughs]. I'm into the role of the Green Goblin; I'd like to kick the crap out of Spider-Man onstage eight times a week. I'd really love to do that; it'd be a lot of fun.
TFP: How did the gig on "Gilmore Girls" come about?
Bach: I'm the rock guy that people come to if they need a rocker, that's what it seems to be, and they were impressed with my Broadway credentials. The producer Dan Palladino called me at home and I read the script and we laughed, thought it was quite funny, and the next thing I knew I was on a plane out to Hollywood. It was a lot of fun; I miss the cast.
TFP: Any chance you'd reunite with Skid Row?
Bach: Yes, I would consider it if they gave me $5 billion. I think that's what I'll do it for, [laughs] that's a nice round figure. You give me $5 billion, I'm in.
Tags: Alec Baldwin, Broadway, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Russell Brand, Sebastian Bach, Skid Row, Spider-Man, Stohl-n, Sugar Boxx, Tom Cruise


text:
Agent cancels all future races for Pistorius
JOHANNESBURG (AP) — Oscar Pistorius' track career was put on hold indefinitely Sunday as his agent canceled all future races so the double-amputee Olympian can focus on defending himself against his murder charge.
After visiting Pistorius at the police station he is being held at, agent Peet van Zyl said in a statement there is "no option but to cancel all future races that Oscar Pistorius had been contracted to compete in to allow Oscar to concentrate on the upcoming legal proceedings."
Pistorius was arrested and charged with the Valentine's Day murder of model girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp, who was shot multiple times at Pistorius' upscale Pretoria home in the early hours of Thursday.
Pistorius has been held since Friday at the Brooklyn police station in the South African capital, where Van Zyl visited Sunday along with members of Pistorius' family and his legal team.
"The nature of my visit today was two-fold," Van Zyl said. "On a personal level I wanted to offer my support to Oscar, who I have known and worked with for the last seven years and consider a friend and a great professional athlete.
"Secondly, I wanted to briefly discuss racing matters, given that his key focus is defending himself against this serious charge."
Van Zyl said Pistorius' endorsements, including with big-name brands such as Nike and Oakley, were safe for now since sponsors have committed themselves to the South African, despite his murder charge. That could change, depending on the outcome of Pistorius' case.
"I can confirm that at this point in time all parties are supportive and their contractual commitments are maintained," Van Zyl said. "They have said they are happy to let the legal process take its course before making any change in their position."
On the track, Pistorius had finalized agreements for five races for the first half of 2013: two in Australia in March to start the South African's season, two exhibition runs against fellow Paralympic champions Alan Oliveira and Jonnie Peacock, and an appearance at the U.S. Drake Relays in Iowa.
Van Zyl's move to cancel those races was first reported by The Associated Press on Saturday.
All future races were now called off, Van Zyl said, including others that were still being discussed. Van Zyl said the decision is "to help and support all those involved as they try to come to terms with this very difficult and distressing situation."
Pistorius' famed track career, where he was the first amputee athlete to run at the world championships and at the Olympics, is now facing ruin ahead of a possible lengthy murder trial.
Prosecutors also have said they will pursue a more serious charge of premeditated murder against Pistorius for the killing of Steenkamp, meaning a conviction could result in a life sentence. His family denies he committed murder.
The 26-year-old Pistorius was expected to reappear in court on Tuesday for the start of his bail application hearing.
"On Oscar's behalf, we, as his management company, would like to formally thank the thousands of people who have sent supportive messages which have come from all over the world," Van Zyl said.
Notice about comments:
Aiken Standard is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. Some of the comments may be reprinted elsewhere in the site or in the newspaper. We ask that you refrain from profanity, hate speech, personal comments and remarks that are off point.
We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click the X that appears in the upper right corner when you hover over a comment. This will send the comment to Facebook for review. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.


text:
Freshwater Pearl Strand Necklace
- Color:
- pearl multi
Qty: 1
- 1
- 2
- 3
Please select an available size.
Please select a size.
Share This Item: Email
Description: 22K yellow gold dipped alloy, 22K yellow gold dipped sterling silver and freshwater pearl strand necklace with gold pyrite accents
- 31 inches long
- ½ inches at widest point
- Lobster clasp closure
- Please note: each piece is handmade therefore pieces may vary in length and width. This is a desirable aspect of this piece.
Material: 22K yellow gold dipped alloy, 22K yellow gold dipped sterling silver, pyrite, and freshwater pearl
Brand: Azaara
Origin: United States


text:
Puppy Linux Discussion Forum
Puppy HOME page :
"THE" alternative forum :
Log in to check your private messages
Log in
The time now is Wed 05 Aug 2015, 08:39
All times are UTC - 4
Forum index
House Training
HOWTO ( Solutions )
[Howto] From Vista to dual booting Vista and Puppy
View previous topic
View next topic
Page 1 of 3
[36 Posts]
Goto page:
Joined: 27 May 2006
Posts: 400
Location: Portugal - Lisbon
Posted: Wed 16 Dec 2009, 13:17
Post subject:
[Howto] From Vista to dual booting Vista and Puppy
Subject description: 1 drive - 1 partition - 2 OS
For Linux newbies that don't what to make partitions at Vista's HD:
Download unetbootin.
Download your favorite ISO Puppy.
Run unetbootin and select the ISO downloaded.
Choose to install to HD.
Chose unetbootin from the menu.
This worked for me. I only have 1 hard disk with a single partition.
Hope it helps!
How to edit your new configuration?
To change boot time option on Vista:
Right click "My Computer"
Advanced System Configuration (or something like that - Portuguese Vista here)
Recovery and start up definitions
Change OS sequence and boot time as you like.
To change Puppy boot options:
Make a C:\Puppy directory
Copy vmlinuz, initrd.gz, *.sfs to that directory.
Edit c:\unetbtin\menu.lst to look like
default 0
timeout 5
title puppy
find --set-root /puppy/vmlinuz
kernel /puppy/vmlinuz psubdir=puppy
initrd /puppy/initrd.gz
Reboot and chose unetbootin from the menu.
This is my menu.lst
default 0
timeout 5
title boxpup
find --set-root /boxpup/vmlinuz
kernel /boxpup/vmlinuz psubdir=boxpup acpi=off
initrd /boxpup/initrd.gz
title puppy
find --set-root /puppy/vmlinuz
kernel /puppy/vmlinuz psubdir=puppy acpi=off
initrd /puppy/initrd.gz
As you can see I have 2 Puppy versions working fine, each one inside it's own directory and savefile. Inside each directory only 4 files: initrd.gz, pup-*.sfs, vmlinuz and pupsave (this only after first successful reboot).
More to come as I'll find out more stuff.
Rebuilding old DOS Machine for Wing Commander Privateer and Puppy
Old spare parts to give away - anyone interested
Last edited by T_Hobbit on Thu 24 Dec 2009, 06:53; edited 5 times in total
Back to top
Joined: 20 May 2006
Posts: 6542
Location: Auckland, New Zealand
Posted: Wed 16 Dec 2009, 14:38
Post subject:
Why do you need unetbootin?
Puppy is designed to do this in the first place - we call it a "frugal" install.
- - -
Classic Puppy quotes
- - -
Beware the demented serfers!
Back to top
Joined: 03 Apr 2007
Posts: 3425
Location: Oregon
Posted: Wed 16 Dec 2009, 15:37
Post subject:
If you do a frugal install to a partition that boots Vista, and use GRUB to install the bootloader to MBR, you will overwrite the Vista boot sector and Vista will not boot from the boot menu.
I used Easy BCD to be able to boot Puppy on the same computer without messing up Vista's boot sector.
Back to top
Joined: 19 May 2008
Posts: 2460
Location: Texas, USA
Posted: Wed 16 Dec 2009, 16:19
Post subject:
Boot4dos does an excellent job booting a frugal installation. Barry is including it in future releases.
A frugal installation, in it's own directory, is the best option when installing another OS on the same partition. A full hd installation can easily ruin the existing Vista.
Back to top
Joined: 27 May 2006
Posts: 400
Location: Portugal - Lisbon
Posted: Wed 16 Dec 2009, 18:16
Post subject:
I'm talking about Windows Vista. Not 9x nor 2K, not even XP.
This was the only way I found to dual boot a frugal install with Vista. And never saw another way to do that on the forum... And the next version is not available yet... That's why I used unetbootin! Easy!
Rebuilding old DOS Machine for Wing Commander Privateer and Puppy
Old spare parts to give away - anyone interested
Back to top
Joined: 20 May 2006
Posts: 6542
Location: Auckland, New Zealand
Posted: Thu 17 Dec 2009, 05:29
Post subject:
Oh, I didn't realise Vista needs a Vista mbr... that's stupid
Like Jim says you should also be able to do it using grub4dos, which you need to add to the Windows boot menu... I have no idea if unetbootin is easier or harder than it though
- - -
Classic Puppy quotes
- - -
Beware the demented serfers!
Back to top
Joined: 24 Jul 2005
Posts: 1300
Location: UK
Posted: Thu 17 Dec 2009, 09:25
Post subject:
If unetbootin works for you then great. When it first appeared there used to be problems but maybe it has improved.
However the following text comes from the 'How to remove' section on the unetbootin page
To manually remove a Linux installation, you will have to restore the Windows bootloader using "fixmbr" from a recovery CD, and use Parted Magic to delete the Linux partition and expand the Windows partition.
Try doing that with an OEM version of Vista without a recovery disk.
Grub4DOS, in its EasyBCD and neogrub incarnation, is the safest way to dual boot and not potentially mess up Windows. This is because it does not touch the Windows bootloader (only its config file) or require partitioning.
Note: Grub4DOS can still be used like grub and be installed to the MBR. I don't recommend that when frugal dual booting with Windows. It will be interesting to see what the Universal Installer does when Barry uses grub4DOS in Quirky. I'm not holding my breath.
Back to top
Joined: 02 Apr 2007
Posts: 2385
Posted: Thu 17 Dec 2009, 13:33
Post subject:
There is another trick for using grub4dos with vista. You simply rename the ntldr and copy grldr to the drive named as ntldr. vista happily boots the new file -you need to setup a normal menu.lst for it which will then load vista also.
Do you still have an unaltered MBR? If so, could you send me a copy? I am writing a bootloader-detection script and need an unaltered vista MBR for testing?
pm me, write me an email, please, if you do.
See this thread for my request and instructions:
Back to top
Joined: 23 Nov 2006
Posts: 11069
Posted: Thu 17 Dec 2009, 15:22
Post subject:
From the grub4dos wiki
Booting GRUB for DOS via the Windows Vista boot manager
Use bcdedit to configure the startup menu:
bcdedit /create /d "Start GRUB4DOS" /application bootsector
bcdedit /set {id} device boot
bcdedit /set {id} path \grldr.mbr
bcdedit /displayorder {id} /addlast
Then copy grldr.mbr to C:\, grldr and menu.lst to the root directory of any FAT16/FAT32/NTFS/EXT2 partition.
Note: previous version of grldr.mbr can also be used in boot.ini of Windows NT/2000/XP/2003. But it doesn't work anymore with the latest version.
to me is does appear that vista needs different handling to previous windows NT versions whatever the boot method used
With grub4dos I boot windows by calling ntldr directly rather than using the bootsector..I wonder if that would work for vista too ...(It has ntldr under a different name I believe)
Back to top
Joined: 24 Jul 2005
Posts: 1300
Location: UK
Posted: Fri 18 Dec 2009, 08:43
Post subject:
Yes - Amigo's instructions are really for XP, since it uses ntldr. I use this trick on my laptop but it carries a slight risk in that if you screw the setup Windows might be lost until you can get a Live CD and change the filenames back again!
Vista uses Bootmgr and I have heard tell that a similar trick can be used - but I haven't tested it cos I don't have Vista!
A nice description of the various Windows boot process can be found here:
Back to top
Joined: 27 May 2006
Posts: 400
Location: Portugal - Lisbon
Posted: Fri 18 Dec 2009, 19:40
Post subject:
ICPUG wrote:
Vista uses Bootmgr and I have heard tell that a similar trick can be used - but I haven't tested it cos I don't have Vista!
Which trick? I described how to use unetbootin cause it's the easiest way I found FOR VISTA USERS (newbies with Linux). Running unetbootin, dual boot can be installed from inside Windows! Does not requires Linux knowledge.
Uninstall is as simple as uninstall any other Windows program: add/remove program.
Rebuilding old DOS Machine for Wing Commander Privateer and Puppy
Old spare parts to give away - anyone interested
Back to top
Joined: 20 May 2006
Posts: 6542
Location: Auckland, New Zealand
Posted: Fri 18 Dec 2009, 20:04
Post subject:
Which trick?
The one about replacing ntldr with grldr. unetbootin does sound easier, as long as you have the permissions to install it.
- - -
Classic Puppy quotes
- - -
Beware the demented serfers!
Back to top
Joined: 27 May 2006
Posts: 400
Location: Portugal - Lisbon
Posted: Sat 19 Dec 2009, 04:14
Post subject:
disciple wrote:
The one about replacing ntldr with grldr.
I mean, how can I do that on Vista? I know how to do something like that with XP...
Rebuilding old DOS Machine for Wing Commander Privateer and Puppy
Old spare parts to give away - anyone interested
Back to top
Joined: 20 May 2006
Posts: 6542
Location: Auckland, New Zealand
Posted: Sat 19 Dec 2009, 04:20
Post subject:
I don't know... they just said it was a "similar trick".
Personally I would never have even dreamed you could do it on XP
- - -
Classic Puppy quotes
- - -
Beware the demented serfers!
Back to top
Joined: 11 Jul 2006
Posts: 4441
Location: Lake Macquarie NSW Australia
Posted: Sat 19 Dec 2009, 18:25
Post subject:
I have Vista on my laptop as the key boot OS. It came with the laptop and I keep there for client support reasons.
I used EasyBCD (a free Windows executable app) to make it easy to edit the Vista boot loader. EasyBCD also includes NeoGRUB which can be used to boot Linux straight from the Vista boot loader - I've done that with Ubuntu before. Thirdly, EasyBCD also has the capacity to dual boot with a Mac OS. I've never seen that anywhere before, so I'm assuming its for PowerMac's, MacOSX or something similar.
I then added Puppy (booting from its own GRUB boot partition with multiple Puppy partitions feeding off that).
Finally I added OpenSUSE 11.1 and Ubuntu 9.10, each booting from GRUB in their own partition but chaining from the Vista boot loader.
Bottom Line: All of my many OS versions on the laptop boot first through the Vista boot loader (single point of access), which then chains to their GRUB boot loader in the appropriate location. With OpenSUSE and Ubuntu I set GRUB timeout to 0 so they just appear to skip right to the chained OS. With Puppy I get Vista boot > GRUB > Puppy version of choice ...
It sounds complicated but it isn't. EasyBCD makes sure it isn't. It doesn't alter the Vista boot sector AFAIK, but it does alter the configuration file. The only requirement for all of this is that the Vista partition must be the boot partition. You can change the boot partition with GParted but then EasyBCD cannot find the Vista boot loader to make further changes to its configuration file ... the two appear directly linked, unlike XP where boot.sys was independently editable.
Using this system I have NEVER had a problem booting anything, including Vista.
Hope that helps.
Actions speak louder than words ... and they usually work when words don't!
SIP:email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com
Back to top
Display posts from previous:
All Posts
1 Day
7 Days
2 Weeks
1 Month
3 Months
6 Months
1 Year
Sort by:
Post Time
Post Subject
Page 1 of 3
[36 Posts]
Goto page:
View previous topic
View next topic
Forum index
House Training
HOWTO ( Solutions )
Jump to:
Select a forum
Forum index
|___ House Training
| |___ Beginners Help ( Start Here)
| |___ Users ( For the regulars )
| | |___ Usuarios de habla Hispana
| | |___ Für deutschsprachige Anhänger
| | |___ Pour les francophones
| |
| |___ HOWTO ( Solutions )
| |___ Bugs ( Submit bugs )
|___ Advanced Topics
| |___ Additional Software (PETs, n' stuff)
| | |___ Package Collections / Repositories
| | |___ Browsers and Internet
| | |___ Business
| | |___ Compiling
| | |___ Desktop
| | |___ Documents
| | |___ Drivers
| | |___ Educational
| | |___ Engineering/Science/Simulation
| | |___ Eye Candy
| | |___ Filesystem
| | |___ Games
| | |___ Graphics
| | |___ Multimedia
| | |___ Network
| | |___ Security/Privacy
| | |___ System
| | |___ Utilities
| | |___ Virtualization
| | |___ Unsorted
| |
| |___ Cutting edge
| | |___ Multi-session live-CD/DVD
| |
| |___ Hardware
| | |___ Audio
| | |___ Networking
| | | |___ Dialup
| | | |___ Ethernet
| | | |___ Wireless
| | |
| | |___ Printers
| | |___ Video
| |
| |___ Puppy Derivatives
| |___ Puppy Projects
| |___ Next Puppy Development
| | |___ 4.x
| | | |___ Bugs (4.x dev)
| | | |___ Usability Issues (4.x dev)
| | |
| | |___ 5.x
| | |___ Bugs (5.x dev)
| | |___ Usability Issues (5.x dev)
| |
| |___ Localization Project
| |___ Documentation Project
|___ Taking the Puppy out for a walk
| |___ Announcements
| |___ Puppy Power
| |___ Suggestions
| |___ Misc
|___ Off-Topic Area
|___ Programming
|___ Security
post new topics in this forum
reply to topics in this forum
edit your posts in this forum
delete your posts in this forum
vote in polls in this forum
attach files in this forum
download files in this forum
Powered by
© 2001, 2005 phpBB Group
[ Time: 0.1635s ][ Queries: 12 (0.0117s) ][ GZIP on ]


text:
Angel Barber >> See More Coed Girls
Galleries in Full HD!
Galleries in Full HD!
Angel loves playing with hair. She is a hair stylist by profession. She is a southern gal who likes yoga, pilates, going to the beach and spending time with her son. To learn more about Angel check out her interview video....
Get this complete pictorial in stunning resolution & HD video! View Full Gallery!


text:
Anxiety and Depression Association of America
Mental Health America
Canadian Psychiatric Association
Canadian Psychological Association
Answers to your questions about panic disorder. American Psychological Association website. Available at:
http://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety/panic-disorder.aspx. Accessed November 11, 2014.
Antidepressant use in children, adolescents, and adults. US Food and Drug Administration website. Available at:
Updated August 12, 2010. Accessed November 11, 2014.
Panic disorder. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated October 17, 2014. Accessed November 11, 2014.
Panic disorder and agoraphobia. Anxiety and Depression Association of America website. Available at:
http://www.adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/panic-disorder-agoraphobia. Accessed November 11, 2014.
8/22/2006 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed: Furukawa TA, Watanabe N, Churchill R. Psychotherapy plus antidepressant for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: systematic review.
Br J Psychiatry.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Copyright ©
All rights reserved.
Go Back : New Search
Disease & Condition Facts
Disease & Condition Topics
Procedures & Surgery Facts
Health and Wellness
Interactive Tools
Hospital Website Design by Brown Parker & DeMarinis Advertising


text:
Beautiful solid hardwood construction with old world dovetail edge joinery and comfortable paw print handles make these boxes sturdy, durable and very stylish.
Roomy 11" x 22 3⁄4" x 13" storage bins are perfect for neatly storing toys, tugs and other pet essentials.
Available in the following beautiful eco-friendly water based finish options: