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Public Comment Period:
11/29/2012 - 01/28/2013
View Public Comments
Coverage with Evidence Development in the context of coverage decisions
For questions about this draft guidance, please contact Rosemarie Hakim, PhD, at email@example.com.
Please see the Coverage Center website:
http://www.cms.hhs.gov/center/coverage.asp for information about specific national coverage determinations (NCDs,) local coverage determinations (LCDs) or other coverage materials.
Public comments may be submitted via the "COMMENT" button at the top of this page. Information on comment submission can be found on the Coverage website at http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coverage/InfoExchange/publiccomments.html. Please refer to this draft guidance document when submitting comments. CMS will accept comments until January 28, 2013.
This draft guidance represents the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' (CMS') current thinking on this topic. It does not create or confer any rights for or on any person and does not operate to bind CMS or the public. Where warranted by unique circumstances, CMS may consider a modified approach if it satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations. If you want to discuss an
alternative approach, please contact CMS staff responsible for this guidance.
I. Purpose of this guidance document
Recognizing that both CMS and the public have accumulated a body of practical experience with CED before and since the July 12, 2006 publication of the guidance document National Coverage Determinations with Data Collection as a Condition of Coverage: Coverage with Evidence Development, we sought public input with a goal to improve the application of CED. We asked particularly for comment on the following areas.
On November 7, 2011 CMS solicited public comment on CED, with the aim to make revisions to the 2006 document in light of lessons learned. In developing this draft guidance, we considered the submitted public comments and the public testimony and panel recommendations made at the public meeting of the Medicare Evidence Development & Coverage Advisory Committee (MEDCAC) on May 16, 2012. A record of that meeting is available at http://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/medcac-meeting-details.aspx?MEDCACId=63. All public comments are available at http://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/mcd-view-public-comments.aspx?MCDId=8
II. Background
A. Goals
On April 26, 2012, the White House published the National Bioeconomy Blueprint. In part the Blueprint stated:
The full text of the Blueprint is available at the following link. http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/national_bioeconomy_blueprint_april_2012.pdf
CMS relies on clinical evidence to determine whether particular items and services are reasonable and necessary (see 1862(a)(1) of the Social Security Act). The available evidence may not support confident conclusions of clinical benefit for all uses of potentially beneficial items and services. While newly emerging true "first in class" technological innovations may be more likely to have limited evidence of real world benefit in typical patient care settings, we may find similar challenges with older technologies whose initial findings are called into question by subsequent study. When we have had reasonable grounds, based on the available evidence, to question whether improved health outcomes reported in narrower settings would be realized by our beneficiary population, which includes the elderly, the chronically disabled, and those patients with end stage renal disease who are treated with dialysis, we have used CED to provide for Medicare coverage while further evidence is developed.
We have also found instances where new research or evolving scientific thought raises important questions about the clinical usefulness, and thus the medical necessity, of older established technologies. While our need to reconsider an evidence base may be disconcerting to some stakeholders we believe that such review is our ongoing responsibility to respond to changes in the body of evidence that informs our policies.
CED will help us to meet these goals.
B. History
As CMS (then known as the Health Care Financing Administration) embraced an evidence based medicine coverage paradigm approximately 12 years ago, the agency was challenged to develop coverage policies for certain items and services in cases where we believed that the enthusiasm of interested parties was disproportionate to the persuasiveness of the then-current evidence base.1 At the same time, we believed that we should support innovative technologies that are likely to show benefit for our population, but where the available evidence base was not yet mature. In addition, we learned that coverage in the context of ongoing clinical research protocols can expedite earlier beneficiary access to innovation while ensuring that systematic patient safeguards are in place to reduce the risks inherent to new technologies, or to new applications of older technologies. Coverage conditioned on clinical study enrollment came about as a result of these considerations.
For example, in 1996, CMS covered lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) when furnished within the NIH-sponsored National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT). Through the mid- 2000s, CMS published a number of national coverage determinations (NCDs) requiring data collection as a condition of coverage, e.g., cerebral artery stenting to reduce stroke risk, ventricular assist devices (VADs) and positron emission tomography scans for diagnosis and staging of cancer, with the intent of using the information to fill evidence gaps. CMS subsequently applied the term Coverage with Evidence Development (CED) to describe this paradigm in the 2006 National Coverage Determinations with Data Collection as a Condition of Coverage: Coverage with Evidence Development guidance document. These NCDs are available at http://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/indexes/ncd-alphabetical-index.aspx.
While this guidance document will focus on CED in the context of coverage decisions, we remind the reader that CMS supports the following evidence development activities as well.
Clinical Trial Policy: The clinical trial policy (Routine Costs in Clinical Trials) supports research by paying for the routine costs and the investigational item or service in a clinical trial if and when the criteria outlined in the clinical trial NCD are met. (See section 310.1 of the NCD manual.)
Investigational device exemption (IDE) policy: The IDE rule allows Medicare to make local decisions on certain IDEs in the context of an FDA approved clinical trial (see 42 CFR 405.211).
C. CED Authority
Fundamentally, CED is a determination that an item or service is reasonable and necessary, based on the best available evidence, under an explicit condition that patients be enrolled in a research study that evaluates outcomes, effectiveness, and appropriateness of the item or service in question. The reasonable and necessary standard and its subparts are found in Section 1862(a)(1) of the Social Security Act (the Act). CMS has referred most often in coverage policy to sections 1862(a)(1)(A) and 1862(a)(1)(E) which
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, no payment may be made under part A or part B for any expenses incurred for items or services—
(1)(A) which, except for items and services described in a succeeding subparagraph or additional preventive services (as described in section 1395x(ddd)(1) of this title), are not reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or to improve the functioning of a malformed body member,
(E) in the case of research conducted pursuant to section 1142, which is not reasonable and necessary to carry out the purposes of that section,
Section 1142 describes the authority of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to conduct and support research on outcomes, effectiveness, and appropriateness of services and procedures to identify the most effective means to prevent, diagnose, treat, and manage diseases, disorders, and other health conditions. Under section 1142, AHRQ is required to assure that research priorities appropriately reflect the needs and priorities of the Medicare program under Title XVIII, as set forth by the CMS Administrator.
III. Public Comment
We received approximately 50 comments in response to the solicitation for public comment on Coverage with Evidence Development, which was opened on CMS' website on November 7, 2011 and closed on January 20, 2012. The following themes were raised during the public comment period. Commenters asked CMS to address the following themes. This document responds to those themes.
IV. Statutory Basis
In the previous guidance, CMS described two types of CED, based on two sources of authority: section 1862(a)(1)(A) (for the "coverage with appropriateness determination" or CAD form of CED) and section 1862(a)(1)(E) (for the "coverage with study participation" or CSP form of CED). CMS' thinking on the scope of, and basis for, CED has evolved based on six years of experience with the application of CED. The Agency believes that the principal function of CED is to generate new evidence on the benefit or harm of an item or service among the Medicare beneficiary population based on rigorous scientific inquiry. Our more recent CED NCDs have all been designed around research questions. Although it is important to ensure that items and services covered by Medicare are being used appropriately, the CAD form of CED does not fundamentally encompass the concept of research. As such, we will no longer use the term CAD to describe CED. We will rely on the authority under section 1862(a)(1)(E) for future CED NCDs; and apply CED when evidence is insufficient to support coverage under 1862(a)(1)(A).
V. Coverage with Evidence Development
CMS developed CED to address coverage of items and services that were believed to be promising but whose ultimate impact on Medicare beneficiary health outcomes remained unconfirmed. Using section 1862(a)(1)(E) authority, the CED concept considers the item or service to be reasonable and necessary only while evidence is being developed pursuant to AHRQ's authority under section 1142 of the Act. Under section 1142, AHRQ can conduct and support research on the outcomes, effectiveness, and appropriateness of health care services and procedures to identify the manner in which diseases, disorders, and other health conditions can be prevented, diagnosed, treated, and managed clinically. In addition, AHRQ can conduct or support evaluations of the comparative effects, on health and functional capacity, of alternative services and procedures utilized in preventing, diagnosing, treating, and clinically managing diseases, disorders, and other health conditions.
A. Applying CED
The following factors are among the reasons why Medicare considers applying CED to various items or services.
We believe that, although not all of these factors were mentioned in previous CED Guidance, the historic invocation of CED has been consistent with these factors. Representative examples are listed below.
CMS has applied CED to develop evidence on:
An approved CED study must be designed and conducted prospectively to produce evidence to inform future Medicare coverage. Payment for items and services covered under CED will be limited to those furnished to Medicare beneficiaries involved as human subjects in approved studies.
We believe that adherence to the following standards of scientific integrity and relevance to the Medicare population should be demonstrated in all CED studies.
Consistent with section 1142 of the Social Security Act (the Act), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) supports clinical research studies that meet the above-listed standards and address the above-listed research questions.
B. Ending CED
As an overarching principle, CED for identified use(s) of an item or service will end when one of the following conditions are met.
As an example of how CED affects policy, in 2009, based on published CED results, we ended CED for many uses of FDG-PET in the initial management of most tumor types and were able to nationally noncover for one specific initial use, adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
We recognize that clinical studies are planned to run for various durations and it is not unusual to take months or even years to enroll the full number of planned study subjects, complete observation period and analyze and publish the results in a peer reviewed journal. Under CED, there is a potential period of noncoverage between the end of the study and the agency's review of the scientific results.
We may address the issue of ongoing coverage by working with investigators to develop integrated research strategies during the planning of CED studies. For example CED studies may be designed to accommodate the complementary roles of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and practical observational studies to close outstanding evidence gaps and allow coverage after an RCT ends where appropriate. An interim analysis, based on pre-agreed public criteria, would serve to open or close enrollment in the follow up study.
C. CED in the context of FDA CMS coordination
CMS and FDA have executed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) and have jointly published Federal Register notices on parallel review. The parallel review pilot program, announced in a Federal Register notice posted for advanced viewing on October 7, 2011, is voluntary and does not change the existing separate and distinct review standards for FDA device approval and CMS coverage determination. These documents are available online at http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/HowtoMarketYourDevice/PremarketSubmissions/ucm255678.htm
CMS has found historically that various products may be approved or cleared by FDA though significant Medicare-relevant evidentiary questions are unresolved. We also note that FDA has at times required ongoing research and data submission as a condition of approval. While the alignment of CED with an FDA post approval study requirement presents an opportunity for greater research efficiency, we believe that this is simply an example of a CED application rather than a new CED paradigm.
VI. The Role of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
As noted earlier, section 1862(a)(1)(E) of the Act authorizes Medicare coverage in the context of research conducted and supported by AHRQ under section 1142. Section 1142(b) in pertinent part includes the following language.
(3) Relationship with Medicare program.—In establishing priorities under paragraph (1) for research and evaluation, and under section 914(a) of the Public Health Service Act for the agenda under such section, the Secretary shall assure that such priorities appropriately reflect the needs and priorities of the program under title XVIII, as set forth by the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
Commenters have noted implementation challenges to the successful conduct of CED studies. These have included among others the lack of clinical study experience or infrastructure in some stakeholder communities, limited financial resources to undertake studies, no clearly authoritative professional society to represent the multiple physician specialties whose members manage certain conditions, and a culture that historically may not have embraced evidence based patient care. AHRQ may help implement practical solutions to some of these challenges.
We believe that AHRQ's role will continue to develop as both agencies gain more experience with CED, and that the two agencies may address the implementation challenges together. AHRQ's authority and resources complement CED in that AHRQ:
VII. Formal Evidentiary Criteria for CED
Pursuant to the November 2011 –January 2012 call for public comment, we received 20 comments that advocated the development of more formalized evidentiary criteria for CED. We convened the May 16, 2012 MEDCAC to hear recommendations on this topic, and the panel conclusions are summarized below.
There was discussion of how one or more evidentiary thresholds might be developed. A member of the panel noted that in other settings, the presence of an evidentiary standard, i.e. a standard of proof, does not eliminate the requirement for consideration of factors specific to each case. Examples such as the legal standards of "preponderance of the evidence" and "beyond reasonable doubt" were cited, accompanied by a conclusion that such standards do not remove the need for individuals to make situation specific judgments.
Some recommended that every instance of CED be preceded by a MEDCAC meeting. We do not believe this can be practically implemented with reasonable resources unless the MEDCAC paradigm itself were to be revised. Under current circumstances, we believe such a requirement would effectively delay or prevent beneficiary access to items and services that would otherwise be covered with a more agile CED paradigm. That said, we recognize the importance of active engagement with the public stakeholder community with ongoing opportunities for public comment on CED.
VIII. Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs) and coverage of items and services in clinical research
The Medicare program directs that providers, practitioners and suppliers submit claims for payment to local administrative contractors that process and review those claims. This includes claims arising pursuant to beneficiary participation in clinical research studies.
Section 310.1 of the NCD manual (Routine Costs in Clinical Trials) directs MACs to make payment for specified types of items and services furnished in clinical trials that meet relevant criteria. To the extent that the NCD does not identify specific clinical trials or routine costs, nor does it identify investigational items and services that are covered outside of the clinical trial, these determinations are left to the MACs.
Routine costs of a clinical trial include all items and services that are otherwise generally available to Medicare beneficiaries (i.e., there exists a benefit category, it is not statutorily excluded, and there is not a national non-coverage decision) that are provided in either the experimental or the control arms of a clinical trial except:
Routine costs in clinical trials include:
This policy does not withdraw Medicare coverage for items and services that may be covered according to Local Coverage Determinations (LCDs) or the regulations on category B investigational device exemptions (IDE) found in 42 CFR 405.201-405.215, 411.15, and 411.406. For information about LCDs, refer to http://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/, a searchable database of Medicare contractors' local policies.
In addition, CMS has generally delegated to MACs the routine determination of coverage for items and services furnished in FDA category B IDE trials, i.e. the contractors exercise local coverage discretion to the extent that they do not conflict with national coverage policy.
IX. Transparency of CED
CMS expects that results of all CED approved studies will be analyzed and published in peer reviewed clinical journals. CMS has used and will continue to use the results of published CED studies to inform new or revised coverage decisions. CMS intends to maintain information on ongoing CED research studies on its website along with links to the ClinicalTrials.gov maintained by the National Library of Medicine and/or the Registry of Patient Registries (RoPR) maintained by AHRQ. We also plan include links to CED study results.
X. Summary
We no longer believe that Coverage with Appropriateness Determination (CAD) falls under CED. We believe that Coverage with Study Participation (CSP) is more consistent with our current conceptualization of CED. We describe CED under the authority of section 1862(a)(1)(E) of the Act in Section IV of this document.
This section of the 2006 document is deleted. If CED is considered in the context of an NCD, CED is just one result of that process.
The 2006 document lists some of the evidentiary findings that might result a CSP/CED decision.
We modified that list and shortened it. The list can be found in Section V of this document.
We list 13 standards that must be demonstrated in all CED studies.
This document more clearly describes the role of AHRQ in CED.
We more specifically discuss ending CED and acting on CED results. The 2006 document
describes ending registries at length. We no longer discuss specific study designs in this guidance. Study designs and time frames are generally specified in particular CED decisions.
This document introduces potential interactions between CMS and FDA in support of CED.
We briefly summarize the panel recommendations.
We summarize the roles of the MACs in determining coverage of items and services in clinical research in several contexts. This is not an exhaustive list of potential MAC activities in this regard.
This section of the 2006 document is deleted because some of the "principles" are now moot.
This section of the 2006 document is deleted based on our experience with data ownership and privacy
regulations. This issue is specific to each CED decision.
This section of the 2006 document is deleted because it is more specific to CAD.
XI. Where to submit public comments
Public comments may be submitted by using the orange "COMMENT" button at the top of this page. Information on comment submission can be found on our Coverage website at http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coverage/InfoExchange/publiccomments.html. Please refer to this draft guidance document when submitting comments.
1 http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coverage/DeterminationProcess/Downloads/FR04271999.pdf


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Thursday, July 5, 2012
Have you seen that red thingy for my boat? Jim asked while he strode through the family room pulling back pillows. The what? I replied mystified. You know that plastic deal I always use! Of course I didnt know, but gamely offered to help search. After all there were two good clues: it was red and plastic. He finally uncovered it in some obscure niche in his backyard workshop. As he waved it in front of me, I reflected that if hed asked me for what looked like an apple colored turkey baster on steroids, I would have known what to look for. Apparently this particular thingy was used in much the same way to extract and transfer liquids albeit not broth.
I really didnt need to look it up: its one of those words that say what it means even if you dont know the full meaning! I did find thinga-ma-bob and thinga-ma-jig in my dictionary, but I already knew they had the same translation slang for a word you dont know or forgot.
Words fascinate me, especially now that we seem to be using less and less of them, substituting initials or other coding to express ourselves in the space of two characters rather than two inches, in what I like to think of as an oxymoron called texting. I know, I know, Im from the last century and need remedial training to communicate in todays world. Maybe.
My dad used to tell us to clean up our gimcracks, and we knew even before we could read or write that he meant all the junk his four kids had scattered over the floor. When we lived in England and traveled in Ireland people were getting gobsmacked left and right. Think clasping your hand across your gob (Irish for mouth) upon hearing something astonishing.
I was rereading The Lilac Bus by Maeve Binchy recently and was fascinated as she described how Gods creatures spent one summer night thrumming outside a bedroom window. I knew exactly what noise those insects made just from the way the word sounded. Thrum is in my dictionary, but says it means (1) a way of making a fringe in weaving (2) to strum a guitar (3) to tell a tale monotonously and/or (4) to drum your fingers. Another proof that the sound of some words can convey their meaning independently.
In a TV rendition of another of my favorite books, Elsbeth McGillicuddy asks her friend Jane Marple: Am I going doololly? after the police fail to believe she has witnessed a murder on a moving train just because they cant find the body. Imagine! Miss Marple assures Elsbeth that she knows her friend is not fanciful and saw what she said she saw in 4:50 From Paddington. Miss Marple, of course, goes on to prove her friend correct. And nobody who reads that passage has any doubt what doololly means!
I have somewhat over 500 words to express these thoughts. I just cant see that its better to say that I am :-( ) at nightly YWHOL while W/E and other W@ are driving me CR8Z, rather than I am gobsmacked at nightly thrumming while gimcracks and other thingys are driving me doololly!
Go figure!
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CONCORD, N.C. – Round three of the 2013 WKA RLV Tuned Exhaust Products Gold Cup Series will take place July 5-7 at the popular G&J Kartway in Camden, Ohio.
The Baker Racing Engines Nationals entry blank is now available.
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10 Great Vegetarian Soups In NYC
With winter effectively in full swing, it's time to turn our attention to a warming bowl of soup, and what a diverse subject it is, with varied flavors and textures, sometimes in the same bowl. Some are seasonal specials, and some are better served cold. Here are ten of our favorite vegetarian soups from around the city. More


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Light Bulbs
Many of the contemporary vacuum cleaners come with a headlight. This helps the user to see dust and dirt while vacuuming the dark corners of a room. These head light bulbs can be replaced if they blink off. Some of the brands that have head lights in their vacuum models include Kirby, Dirt Devil, Fit all, Eureka, Hoover, Oreck and many more. These models are easily available in GoVacuum.com.
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A Williston woman was detained on Friday after she left her 6-month-old baby in her car in a store parking lot, according to the Aiken Department of Public Safety.
Alexis Alichia Trottie, 24, of Allendale Avenue, was charged with unlawful conduct toward a child. She was placed in the Aiken County detention center but had been released as of Monday afternoon.
The incident happened about 1:30 p.m. on Friday on Fabian Drive, according to a report.
A witness told officers she was inside shopping at Cato and that while walking to her truck in the parking lot she heard a baby crying, according to the report. She looked around and determined the crying was coming from the vehicle parked right next to hers.
The vehicle's windows were tinted and rolled up, and the witness couldn't see anyone inside, according to the report. She walked around and checked one of front doors, which were unlocked, and found a baby lying in the middle of the backseat next to a child safety seat.
By the time the witness walked to the back to get the child out, the baby had fallen to the floorboard, according to the report. A second witness walked upon the scene and called police.
Shortly after an officer arrived, Trottie and her sister came running out of Ross Dress For Less yelling "that was their baby," according to the report. Trottie told officers that when they arrived at Ross, she thought her sister was getting the baby. The sister stated she thought Trottie was getting the baby, according to the report.
Trottie told officers they were only in the store for about five minutes, but the witness had been holding the baby for at least 10 minutes, the report stated.
A rear-facing child safety seat was in the car; however, it was not buckled in, police said. Trottie told officers the baby was in the car seat the last time she saw her.
The temperature outside at the time was 88 degrees, with a heat index of 91, according to the report.
"(Reporting officer) also observed that the asphalt in the parking lot was recently resealed, making the temperature rise even further," the report stated.
Trottie was taken into custody, and the child was turned over to the Department of Social Services.
Teddy Kulmala covers the crime beat for the Aiken Standard and has been with the newspaper since August 2012. He is a native of Williston and majored in communication studies at Clemson University.
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Is convicted College Station murderer Stanley Robertson fit to be executed? His attorneys say they'll show he's not over the course of this week.
Tuesday marks the first full day of defense-called witnesses in Robertson's trial, and included testimony from a psychologist who interviewed Robertson concerning his sexual abuse as a child.
Dr. Matt Mendel told jurors that Robertson confided in him a couple of sexual assaults he endured around ages 12 to 14, both by his brother-in-law. Robertson said in the second instance, he was raped by the man, but didn't tell anyone for nearly two decades.
Mendel said Robertson, now 45, already was dealing with the effects of constant teasing because of his family's poverty and his lack of intellect, but the shame and stigma he felt from being abuse only compounded that. Robertson would go on try and kill himself a number of times.
Prosecutors worked to discount Robertson's past as a reason for his crimes, working to get Mandel to note that many people are teased, and some are sexually abused, but not all of those people go on to commit murder.
Defense attorneys conceded their client killed Annie Toliver in the guilt-innocence phase and called no witnesses.
Robertson was found guilty of capital murder in the death of his ex-girlfriend's mother. Toliver was kidnapped from the College Station Walmart in August 2010 and stabbed more than 30 times. She bled to death and was dumped in a Fort Worth parking lot before Robertson led authorities on a chase that ended with him intentionally crashing his SUV into an officer's patrol car.
Monday, the defense began calling witnesses, most of them being siblings of Robertson who testified to the poverty that faced the family as they worked and lived on farm fields in Alabama. The defense offered that pesticides constantly sprayed on the fields could have altered Robertson's mental state.
The Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders notes three things must be shown to prove mental retardation is present in a person:
- an IQ below 70, or below 75 within a margin of error
- clear deficiencies in adaptive behavior
- the low IQ and deficiencies clearly showing up before the age of 18
The defense says they'll show Robertson has the disorder, and is ineligible for the death penalty.
An Alabama public school official testified Monday that Robertson took special education classes. However, she also noted that Robertson's school records were marked showing him to be a level above the district's mental retardation status.
The State of Texas must show Robertson is a clear danger to others, that there are no mitigating circumstances that would keep him from being executed, and that he is not mentally retarded. Otherwise, the death penalty they seek is not an option. Instead, Robertson would be sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole.
Court will resume Wednesday at 2:00 p.m. when a defense witness arrives from out of state.
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|Los Angeles, CA.
|Previous School:
|St. John's
Cal State Northridge
A talented left-handed shooting guard who has transferred from St. John's University in New York … A pitcher who plays baseball in the Cincinnati Reds organization … His fastball has been clocked at 96-miles per hour … Also mixes up his pitches with a breaking ball and a changeup.
2012-13 Season (Sophomore, St. John's)
Helped St. John's to the second round of the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) … Played in all 33 games, eleven as a starter… Averaged 5.4 points and 4.3 rebounds with a .452 shooting percentage in more than 20 minutes per game … Energized the Red Storm off the bench with eleven points and a career-high three blocks against then #20 Notre Dame (1/15/13) … Matched a season-high with 15 points at Villanova (1/2/13) along with nine rebounds … Tied for the team lead in rebounds with nine rebounds at USF (12/4/12) … Recorded his second double-double of his career and the season against South Carolina (11/29/12) with 15 points and eleven rebounds … Registered his first career double-double against Detroit (11/13/12) with 15 points and eleven rebounds.
2011-12 Season (Freshman, St. John's)
Appeared in 22 games, closing out the season with 14 straight starts … Averaged 7.4 points per game … Scored in double figures in six games … Pulled down four rebounds per contest … Registered eleven games with five or more rebounds … Netted 14 points, tied a career-high with nine rebounds, dished out a career-high five assists and had a career-best four steals in a career-high 39 minutes of play at Rutgers (3/3/12) … Posted a career-high 18 points, including a career-best 9-of-11 effort from the free throw line, and had nine rebounds in 37 minutes against DePaul (2/20/12) … Scored 12 points on 5-of-6 shooting along with five rebounds at DePaul (2/1/12).
High School
Rated as high as the nation's 68th overall player and the #15 small forward in the Class of 2011 by several recruiting services … Transferred to Findlay Prep (Henderson, Nv) for his senior season … Averaged 12.3 points and 5.7 rebounds per game on a team that went 28-4, earned a Top-25 national ranking and yielded four NCAA Division I prospects … MVP of the Jack Jones Shootout in Memphis, Tn. … Selected the MVP and slam dunk champion of the 2011 Ball is Life All-American game … As a junior at Leuzinger High School (Lawndale, Ca), led his team to the CIF SS Division 1-A championship game in 2009-10 … Averaged 16.8 points, 7.2 rebounds, 1.6 assists and 1.6 steals per game … Named CIF SS Division 1-A Co-Player of the Year … Made the Cal-Hi Sports all-state team … Also named to the Long Beach Press-Telegram 2010-11 "Best of the West" first team.
Professional Baseball: A Top-20 prospect in the Cincinnati Reds organization … A left-handed pitcher who has thrown a baseball 96-miles per hour … Drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 22nd round on June 7, 2011 … Signed hours before the MLB deadline on August 15, 2011, and rewarded with a one-million dollar bonus … Signed a contract that allowed him to play collegiate basketball … Began his professional baseball career with the Reds' minor league system during the summer of 2012 … Made his debut in the Arizona rookie League as a member of the AZL Reds in Goodyear, Az. … Made seven appearances and five starts with 13 strikeouts, 12 walks and holding opposing batters to a .255 average … Promoted to the Billings Mustangs of the Pioneer League in August, 2012 … Made two starts, striking out five batters in six innings, and walking only one … Held opposing batters to a .211 average pitching for Billings … In 2013, pitched in 23.2 innings with 22 strikeouts and 2.66 earned run average with Billings … Later in 2013, was promoted to the Dayton Dragons of the Midwest … Pitched in 34 innings.
Matador Memo: Born May 3, 1992 in Victorville, Calif. … Parents are Tia George and Darrow Garrett … Has seven brothers and three sisters … His brothers are Marcus, Aubrey, Michael, James, Kreon, Keshawn, and David … His three sisters are Asiane, Destinee, and MacKenzie ... His favorite actor is Denzel Washington while his favorite movie is Friday ... Loves to eat tacos ... Chose CSUN because he wanted to play for coach Theus, and loves the state of California ... The best athlete he has played against is Bradley Beal ... The best thing about being a student-athlete is traveling, according to Amir ... The toughest part about being a student-athlete is to make up the school work ... Picked uniform #22 because that has been his number since he started playing basketball ... His favorite pre-game ritual is to take a shower, then listen to music ... He would like to improve the sport of basketball by starting the season earlier ... If Amir were President of the NCAA, he would pay student-athletes.


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Jobs plight of young people among worst in UK
Last updated at 09:13, Saturday, 31 March 2012
UNEMPLOYMENT rates among young people in Copeland are among the worst in the country, Copeland Council has been told.
And it was confirmed to The Whitehaven News that the number of adults applying for work against vacancies is consistently the highest in the UK.
Last month 650 young people aged between 16 and 24 claimed jobseekers' allowance.
On one particular day the youth unemployment rate in Copeland alone soared to 9.1 per cent and for February as a whole it averaged 8.9 per cent, much higher than the national average which was 6.8 per cent. In Cumbria as a whole it was 6.7 per cent.
Copeland has also emerged as one of the worst blackspots for adult unemployment. Latest figures show that around 11 people (11.9) have been chasing every unfilled job vacancy compared to 5.7 nationally.
Copeland is consistently the worst in the country on the claimant/vacancy ratio, says Cumbria Intelligence Observatory, which analyses the county's jobless rates.
Youth unemployment rates for the borough as a whole (but not for Whitehaven) may be actually higher as many 16-18 year olds out of work are not eligible to apply for jobseekers' allowance.
Increasing concerns about the area becoming a general unemployment blackspot were expressed at Copeland Council's meeting last week. Phil Greatorex, Executive councillor for regeneration, said: "The outlook for all members of our community seeking work is particularly tough.
"And don't forget there will be young people unemployed but not claiming so the stats may actually be a little higher."
But The Whitehaven News heard yesterday that for 16-18 year olds in Whitehaven alone was looking a little brighter. The latest jobless rate is 5.2, just below the county figure.
Mike Priestley area manager for Inspira (formerly Connexions) said: "There aren't a huge amount of job opportunities but it is important to get kids into work as soon as possible – if we don't then the chances of them being unemployed longer term are higher. The rate for the 16-24 year olds is giving us concern but we are working hard in a market where firms are worried about taking people on, young people in particular."
Coun Greatorex also told councillors: "Youth unemployment and future opportunities is a worry which is highlighted by Copeland's Youth Council who are making job opportunities and apprenticeships in varied businesses a priority for 2012/13.
"They, in conjunction with partners from Copeland's Works & Skills Partnership (Lakes College, Inspira, DWP etc), are delivering a successful apprenticeship scheme which is assisting people with practical work experience and training.
"However, Sellafield Ltd has just announced an increased spend in the Cumbria Supply Chain over the last three years, rising from 30 per cent to 34 per cent. All you can say is that this is movement in the right direction and may ultimately provide openings for local people.
"If we are to tackle youth unemployment we need to encourage and incentivise employers to take on apprentices of all ages and ability. The NDA, along with skills agencies, have a major role to play in this regard. The most practical support councillors could give to improve the situation is to engage with the Youth Council and youth forums supporting their action plans."
First published at 11:07, Thursday, 29 March 2012
Published by http://www.whitehavennews.co.uk
Have your say
I read this article with total disgust and cannot understand how this situation is happening with all the promises being made through the energy coast and N.M.P and N.D.A s promises regarding their socio-economic plans for West Cumbria.
N.M.P. comprises of three multinational companies who if had any real commitment to the West Cumbrian economy could help improve these figures. But their commitment is more around making sure that their parent Companies get more than their fair share of multi million pound contracts on Sellafield site.
We have seen examples of both the N.D.A and N.M.Ps Socio-economic commitments with the closure of Summer Grove and Sellafield visitorsâ centre which resulted in the loss of jobs. We also all have seen the multimillion pound contract that was awarded to Washington group at Drigg which was then sent to Sweden which with a little investment could have been undertaken in West Cumbria and the only thing we did get is the waste associated with this contract
If we are waiting for the N.D.A. or N.M.P. to deliver what they promised then we will have a long wait and all of us in the West Cumbrian Community need to fight for the future of our community and make these organisations accountable and deliver a meaningful socio economic package with real benefits for our community
Why would our youngsters stick in at school or move away for a decent wage when our councillors can have well paid part time positions with no qualifications or any relevant previous experience needed?
View all 5 comments on this article


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Namco Ltd. and Todd McFarlane Productions Inc. have announced a mutual agreement in which both parties are allowing the use of each other's characters for different business opportunities. Namco will be granted the use of Spawn for the creation of a brand new video game and TMP will be granted the use of various SOULCALIBUR II characters for the creation of new action figures.
In breaking news, Namco will use McFarlane's Spawn character in the development of a brand new video game created for PS2, Nintendo GameCube and Xbox, which is scheduled to be released in the U.S. market in 2003. Tentatively titled Spawn, the game is a mission-based action/adventure set against the backdrop of a darker, near-future New York City environment. Its intuitive controls allow the player to utilize a range of acrobatic jumps, double jumps, glides and climbs throughout the vast city. A combo-based hand-to-hand combat engine will allow the player to deliver many different attacks and devastating moves to punish his enemies. The player will also have access to all of Spawn's distinctive abilities - his superhuman strength, his arsenal of weaponry, his Hell powers and, of course, his living symbiotic costume. Spawn will premiere at this year's Electronic Entertainment Expo to be held in Los Angeles in May.
The other aspect of the partnership is the upcoming series of SOULCALIBUR II action figures from McFarlane Toys, set for release in August. Through a previous arrangement, McFarlane had already designed an original character, Necrid, for each console version of SOULCALIBUR II and also allowed Spawn to appear as the exclusive character in the Xbox version of the game.
"When developing SOULCALIBUR II, I was working not just on making the game interesting, I was concerned about the storyline and character design," said Producer Hiroaki Yotoriyama. "How could I bring alive 16th century warriors who bet their life and all their possessions for a moment of glory? Doing that was difficult and the most exciting part of the job. In that process, the opportunity to collaborate with Todd McFarlane on Necrid was key in enhancing the level of the product. As a fellow creator, I feel great pride in the creation of a new character that was developed by the world's greatest creator. I am really pleased with the 3D modeling for the SOULCALIBUR II action figures, which have brought this art to its highest form. Being a part of the extremely organic collaboration with Todd McFarlane, which has shown through in SOULCALIBUR II, has been a true honor. I don't know if I can wait for the Spawn video game that's currently under development in the U.S. It should be something really special."
"I've long been interested in the development of video games," said McFarlane. "Games breathe life into a creator's flat 2D images and bring them alive. As someone who develops ideas, my goal is to create strong characters that are both interesting to look at and can deliver new and exciting game play. When Namco, who obviously is tops in its field, approached us on developing new characters and integrating my character, Spawn, into its SOULCALIBUR II game, I knew it would be a great opportunity to work with a company on the cutting edge of gaming technology. I am pretty excited about the action figures my company has produced to accompany the game. We are experimenting with scale and other things, but I think game fans will be astonished at the detail and realism. I'm also looking forward to working with Namco on future projects and ideas, including the upcoming Spawn title."
SOULCALIBUR II is the latest creation in the Soul series, which established the new genre of weapons-based fighting and has been critically acclaimed worldwide. The Soul series started in 1996 with the release of Soul Edge followed by SOULCALIBUR in 1999, registering more than 3 million units sold around the globe. This latest in the series breaks a four-year silence, and Namco has captured attention with its three-platform simultaneous release. The visual beauty created by bringing together the finesse of Namco's technology and the additional development of character movement succeeded in creating more than just a port. It also includes new guest characters unique for each platform, original characters and a variety of new modes all created specifically for the home consoles.


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ITAL:101-102 Beginning Italian I-II.
Intended both for students with previous experience in the language but who have not placed above the first-semester level and for students new to the language. Focuses on conversations to acquire a useful core vocabulary, reading graded prose and writing brief sentences. Skills-oriented, including grammatical structures, plus civilization and culture. 4 SH each.


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August 5, 2015
Brazos County Constables serving a warrant found more than they expected.
Precinct 2 Constables found drugs, a handgun and nearly 2-thousand dollars in cash at the Travelodge hotel off Texas Avenue in Bryan.
That's within one thousand feet from the Harmony Science Academy.
According to the arrest report, Constables were helping the manager of the hotel ask 25-year-old Nicholas May and Jessica Priesner to leave when they searched the room. Priesner was found hiding in the bathroom.
Inside the room, Constables found meth, drug paraphenalia, a handgun and nearly $2,000 in cash. Both May and Priesner were arrested on a number of drug charges. May's bond is set at $60,000. Priesner's bond is set at $26,000.
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XQ- Xsetup backup file
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Rare is the occasion that I come across something that perfectly embodies the two cultures I am straddling, that of my own, my American culture, and that of my French husband. Food has always been an important cultural learning tool in our home and we have always been comfortable in the habit of keeping the dishes, foods and baked goods we serve our sons traditional and unsullied by any concept of fusion. The better with which to teach them about their individual and separate heritages. And to tell the truth, I am sometimes put off by those amalgams, those often tiring mélanges of flavors and ideas that just should not be fused. Cronuts, for heavens sake! Duffins! And please, don't even get me started on Thanksgivukkah!
I grew up snacking on pretzels. Pretzels may have German origins, but oh what a fine all-American treat! Great hulking cans of Charles' Chips and Pretzels graced our kitchen counter, were lugged into the livingroom where we would sit in front of the television set eating chips and pretzels. Thin, and thick, twisted and sticks, pretzels in any and every form have always been my Achille's heel, my guilty pleasure, one thing I cannot give up no matter a diet, no matter crossing the ocean and settling in a non-pretzel country. Years of living in Philadelphia had me savoring huge, warm soft pretzels dribbled with sharp mustard, just this side of heaven. Pretzels are my traveling companions on long car trips and flights, smuggling packets of them into my hand luggage. I will confess to liking the occasional peanut-butter-stuffed pretzel bite, and chocolate-dipped pretzels from Grimaldi's are truly a thing of beauty, but a pretzel at its simplest, in its purest form is what I crave, what I give into most.
My husband, on the other hand, knew little of pretzels. He grew up eating croissants. Buttery, flakey, fresh from the bakery croissants. A delicacy, a habit I quickly grew into myself upon settling in France.
An intermarriage, The Frenchman and l'Américaine. And we lived happily ever after. But the marriage of pretzel and croissant? I would have never even considered it, such an affront to nature, cultural perversion. A corruption of two cultural icons.
Until Heather of girlichef declared Pretzel Croissants our Bread Baking Babes April challenge. Well, as I had missed last month's challenge, what with the IACP Conference in Chicago and all of the related upheaval and excitement, I knew that I had to bake. Carefully reading through the recipe (slow, steady and patient are not normally my strong points), I realized that taking this extraordinarily complex recipe one step at a time simplified it enormously and it was so much less complicated than one would expect. I gave myself three days to make these Pretzel Croissants, and each day (I outline these steps below) the task at hand was quite simple, very easy and rather quick, not time consuming at all. And as I just love making puff pastry, and as this was even simpler than my normal recipe for puff pastry, I knew it would be pure pleasure.
The resulting Pretzel Croissants were fabulous! Tender, light and flakey, they gave even the best French bakery croissant a run for its money. Add to that the slight hint of pretzel – very very slight, enough so that next time I make these I will skip the coarse salt and bake plain or, as son suggested, top with coarse sugar – and you have the best snack this side of the Atlantic.
The perfect Franco-American marriage!
Thanks so very much to Heather of girlichef for this marvelous recipe, maybe my favorite Bread Baking Babes recipe yet. Go ahead and visit all the Babes' blogs to see how they made their Pretzel Croissants:
Bake My Day – Karen
Bread Baking Babe Bibliothécaire – Katie
blog from OUR kitchen – Elizabeth
Feeding My Enthusiasms – Elle
girlichef – Heather
Lucullian Delights - Ilva
Living in the Kitchen with Puppies – Natashya
My Kitchen In Half Cups – Tanna
Notitie Van Lien – Lien
My Diverse Kitchen - Aparna
Bread Experience - Cathy
Now it is your turn to bake! Bake along with us and be a Bread Baking Buddy. Simply bake the Pretzel Croissants, blog about it – don't forget to mention being a Bread Baking Buddy and link back to Heather's blog post! Then send the link (please include your name and your blog's name) by April 29 to Heather (see her blog post for details) with April Bread Baking Buddy in the subject line and you will be added to the Buddy roundup at the end of the month.
I would like to share these fantastic Pretzel Croissants with Susan of Wild Yeast for her weekly love affair with all things yeast Yeastspotting.
This recipe is from Pretzel Making at Home by Andrea Slonecker and slightly adapted by Heather of girlichef. I have written out the recipe below as Heather gave it to the Babes and my own comments, suggestions and slight changes I have added in parentheses.
Makes: 1 dozen pretzel croissants
Note that the dough takes from 24-48 hours from start to the time you form them. The butter block should be formed sometime while the dough is rising. Baked baking soda is an alternative to using lye; it needs 1 hour in the oven (see notes).
(For a very successful batch of pretzel croissants, I divided the work over three days and found it easy and calm and a lot less time consuming than I had imagined. You must read the directions from top to bottom very carefully before starting.
- Day 1: I made the dough and stuck it in the fridge. Easy. I baked the baking soda and stored it in a clean jelly jar. Even easier. I softened the butter until pliable and beatable and beat in the flour, formed the butter block and stuck it in the fridge.
- Day 2: I made the puff pastry and did all three turns then left it in the fridge for the complete 24 hours as Heather suggested. The process seemed easier and to go much quicker than when I make a traditional puff pastry.
- Day 3: I rolled out the puff pastry, shaped the croissants, made the bath and dipped, brushed with egg wash, dusted half with coarse salt and half with sesame seeds. Baked.)
Prepare the laminated puff pastry, baked baking soda & butter block (I did this on Day 1):
Have a clean, dry, soft pastry brush handy for brushing flour off of the surface of the dough and in between folding…
For the dough:
1/2 cup (120 ml) lukewarm milk (~110° F)
¼ ounce (7 g / 2 ¼ tsps) active dry yeast
3 Tbs firmly packed brown sugar (golden or dark)
3 ¼ cups (410 g) unbleached all-purpose flour + more for work surface
2 tsps fine sea salt/table salt
2 Tbs (29 g) unsalted butter, cubed, at room temp
½ cup (120 ml) cold pilsner-style beer (can be replaced with water, one Babe used apple cider)
For the butter block:
24 Tbs (340 g) cold unsalted butter
2 Tbs unbleached all-purpose flour
To finish:
¼ cup (60 g) baked baking soda *(see notes)
1 egg yolk beaten with 1 Tbs milk
coarse salt, optional sesame seeds and/or poppy seeds, optional
Prepare the dough:
Stir the yeast and 1 tablespoon of the brown sugar into the lukewarm milk and allow to sit until foamy, 10 minutes or so.
Whisk the flour, remaining brown sugar, and salt in a large bowl. Add the 2 tablespoons butter, use your fingertips to rub the butter into the flour mixture, breaking it up into tiny flour-coated pieces the size of breadcrumbs. Stir in the yeast mixture and the beer using a wooden spoon or rubber spatula to form a shaggy mass.
Turn the dough out onto an unfloured (or very lightly floured) work surface and knead eight to ten times, until all of the flour is just incorporated. You don't want to over work it, because you don't want the butter to melt too much. The dough will not be a smooth mass; you will see some flecks of butter. It should be soft and tacky, but not sticky. Adjust as needed with flour or water.
Lightly oil a large bowl and set the dough into it. Cover the bowl with plastic wrap. Place in refrigerator for 8 to 24 hours (24 will give you the best flavor).
Make the butter block (when you put the dough in the fridge to rest):
Beat the (slightly softened) butter and flour together in the bowl of a stand mixer, using the paddle attachment until it forms a smooth mass - or by hand, using a lot of elbow grease. This should take about a minute. You want the butter to be pliable without beating air into it or melting it.
Spread the butter between 2 large sheets of plastic wrap or parchment or wax paper, and use a rolling pin to shape into a rectangle that is 8 x 9 inches. Use a straight edge to form corners, but work quickly as you want the butter to stay cool. Wrap in plastic and refrigerate until you're ready to roll out the dough (preferably overnight with the dough).
Prepare the baked baking soda (once the dough and the butter blocks are in the fridge):
Spread ¼ cup (about 70 grams) of baking soda out on a baking tray lined with parchment paper or foil (or in a foil-lined pie pan). It will decrease in weight, but shouldn't decrease in volume. Slide it into an oven that has been preheated to 250° F/120° C and bake for 1 hour. Cool completely, then store in an airtight container at room temperature.
Prepare the puff pastry (I did this on Day 2):
1st turn:
Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured work surface. Roll it out into a 10 x 15 inch rectangle about ¼-inch thick. Using your hands, gently pull and stretch the dough to form straight edges and sharp corners. Brush excess flour off of the dough. Set the dough with a long edge facing you.
Mentally divide the dough into 3 equal portions (make slight marks, if needed). Place the butter block over the right 2/3 of the dough, leaving a 1-inch border on the outer edges. Fold the empty (bare) left portion of the dough over the middle third (brush off excess flour from the dough). Now, lift and fold the right section of dough over that (you will be lifting up both dough and butter). You should have 3 layers of dough that encase 2 layers of butter (dough-butter-dough-butter). Pinch the outsides and the seams together and lightly press the layers together using a rolling pin. This completes the first turn. Wrap well in plastic wrap and refrigerate for 1 hour.
2nd turn:
Remove the dough from the fridge and set it on your lightly floured work surface. Roll dough out into a 10 x 20-inch rectangle, pulling and stretching to form straight edges and sharp corners. Brush off any excess flour. Set the dough with a long edge facing you. Fold both of the short ends in to the center, leaving a 1/4 -inch gap where they meet (think of a book jacket – so the two edges are brought towards the center). Brush off excess flour. Fold one side of the dough over the other. Lightly press the layers together using a rolling pin, and square and sharpen the edges and corners. This completes the second turn. Wrap in plastic and refrigerate for 1 hour.
3rd (and final) turn:
Lightly dust your work surface and the top of the dough with flour. Roll dough out into a 10 x 15-inch rectangle. Do another trifold, as done in the first turn (with the longer edge of the rectangle in front of you left to right, bring the left and right edges to meet in the center leaving about a ¼-inch gap, press the packet together). Square the edges and sharpen the sides; wipe off excess flour. Wrap in plastic and refrigerate for at least 2 hours, but up to another 24 hours (I left mine in the fridge for 24 hours; the dough had risen some which would not happen in a rest of only 2 hours or so).
* At this point, you can wrap the dough tightly in plastic wrap, slide it into a freezer baggie, and freeze for up to 1 week. Defrost overnight in the refrigerator before proceeding to final shaping.
Final shaping (I did this on Day 3):
Line two rimmed baking sheets with parchment paper and set aside.
Lightly dust your work surface and the top of your dough with flour. Roll out into a 15 x18-inch rectangle that is about ¼ inch thick. Pull and stretch to form straight edges and sharp corners. Patch any holes where butter may have popped through by dusting them with flour. Brush any excess flour off the dough.
Cut the rectangle in half, creating two 15 x 9-inch sheets of dough. Using a pizza cutter or bench scraper, cut each piece of dough into three equal strips, the short way (you should now have small 9 x 5-inch rectangles). Then cut each strip in half diagonally, so that you left with 6 long triangles. Repeat with other half of dough.
(At this point, before rolling each long triangle, I gently lifted each triangle one by one and flipped it over, brushing off all excess flour then moved the brushed triangles to the parchment paper-lined baking sheets to roll up) Beginning at the base, roll the triangles up, tugging on the tip to elongate it slightly (I then dipped a finger in water and dampened the tip – about 1 inch), then gently pressing it into the dough. Place on the prepared baking sheets with the tips tucked under, and curve the ends to form crescent shapes. (Leave space between the croissants to rise and the puff up during baking)
Cover the croissants with damp, clean kitchen towels (I loosely covered each croissant-filled baking sheet with plastic wrap then loosely laid a clean kitchen towel on top of that) and allow to rise at cool room temperature until they have almost doubled in size and feel spongy, about 2 hours.
At this point, slide the croissants into the refrigerator for 20 minutes while you prepare the dipping solution (I did not do this; my fridge is not big enough and it worked perfectly). Preheat oven to 425° F (220°C), positioning one rack in the upper third of the oven, and one in the lower third (I baked one baking sheet of croissants at a time).
Prepare the dipping solution:
Add the baked baking soda to 8 cups of cold water in a pan or bowl (make sure the recipient is not too large, the croissants must be immersed totally in the water) and stir until completely dissolved. One by one, dip the croissant dough into the dipping solution (baking powder water bath), lift out and allow the excess to drip off, then set back on the lined trays. (I placed the croissants one at a time on a slotted spoon then placed in the bath, pushing the croissant quickly under water with my fingers then lifting it out immediately; I then gently lifted it off the slotted spoon with my fingers to let the water drip off then placed back on the baking sheet and repeated one by one with the others).
Finish them off (finally):
Brush the tops of the dipped croissants with the egg wash, then sprinkle with coarse salt and sesame seeds or poppy seeds, if using.
Slide into preheated oven immediately and bake for 15 - 20 minutes (rotating pans from front to back and top to bottom halfway through), until they are deeply browned, crispy, and flaky. They should feel light and airy if you pick them up (we found that in baking the croissants release buttery liquid; don't worry about this, simply carefully lift the croissants off of the buttery parchment with a spatula onto cooling racks as soon as they are baked).
Transfer to a wire rack to cool for 10 minutes before serving. They are best enjoyed the day they are made, ideally warm from the oven. Store any extras in a paper bag for a day. You can reheat them by placing them in a 350° F (180°C) oven for about 5 minutes.
* notes: Baked baking soda is an alternative to working with lye that still lends pretzels their dark, burnished crust. If you see lots of pretzels in your future, make a large batch to store since it keeps indefinitely.


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News Release
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Secretary Vilsack Announces National Potato Board Appointments
AMS No. 280-12
Gwen Sparks, (202) 260-8210
WASHINGTON, Dec. 19, 2012 U.S. Department of Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack has appointed 30 members to serve on the National Potato Promotion Board. Each member will serve a three-year term of office beginning March 1, 2013.
Newly appointed producers include David Bloxham of Salisbury, Md.; Brant Darrington of Burley, Idaho; Steven Gangwish of Columbus, S.D; Charles Grose of Terra Alta, W.Va.; Kristi Gundersen of Bow, Wash.; John Halverson of Paragould, Ark.; Merrill Hanny of Idaho Falls, Idaho; Arnold Mack of Lake Wales, Fla.; Phillip Mehlenbacher of Burbank, Wash.; Brian Meisner of Wray, Colo.; Bernie Smiarowski of Hatfield, Mass.; John Stahl of Ritzville, Wash.; Eric Sutton of Rexburg, Idaho; Brian Theobald of Farmington, N.M.; Jordan Thomas of Haimer, Idaho; David Tonso of Monte Vista, Colo.; Dillon VanOrden of Pingree, Idaho; and Weston Walker of Merrill, Ore.
Producers reappointed to the board are Steve Cottom from Dillon, Mont.; Keith Doyen from Mapleton, Maine; Diane Hanson from Cornell, Mich.; Kurtis Holland from Monte Vista, Colo.; Brian Kirschenmann from Bakersfield, Calif.; Lloyd Masser from Pitman, Pa.; Martin Myers from Lake Oswego, Ore.; Jared Wattenbarger from Idaho Falls, Idaho and Marvin Wollman from Warden, Wash.
Importers Edward Barnhill of Clermont, Fla. and Vernon Thomas of Centerville, N. B. Canada were also reappointed along with public member Mary DeMers of Sophia, N.C.
USDAs Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) provides board oversight, which ensures fiscal responsibility, program efficiency and fair treatment of participating stakeholders, in accordance with the 1971 Potato Research and Promotion Act. The program is administered by board members, who are selected by the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture.
Research and promotion programs are industry-funded, authorized by Congress and date back to 1966. Since then, Congress has authorized the establishment of 20 research and promotion boards. They empower farmers and ranchers, establishing a framework for them to pool resources and combine efforts to develop new markets, strengthen existing markets, and conduct important research and promotion activities.
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