text:
Tool(s) enabling installation of a solution are described. These tool(s) may follow appropriate security precautions to contain possibly dangerous code in a data file's solution even when the solution is installed from a local source, such as when a user is offline. These tool(s) determine what level of security is appropriate for a data file's solution based on the original source of the solution. The tool(s) may also and/or instead enable a user to edit a data file without the user having to discover or deploy a solution application governing the data file.
1. A method implemented at least in part by a computer comprising:
determining a solution's origin;
determining security precautions for executing the solution based on the solution's origin; and
silently installing the solution from a source other than the solution's origin within a sandbox enforcing the security precautions.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. A method implemented at least in part by a computer comprising:
receiving input to open a data file having a solution;
discovering, without user interaction, the solution in an offline memory source;
deploying, without user interaction, the solution; and
opening the data file.
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. A method implemented at least in part by a computer comprising:
receiving input to open a data file having a solution;
discovering, without user interaction, the solution in an offline memory source;
deploying, without user interaction, the solution;
opening the data file effective to enable a user to edit the data file; and
prior to receiving the input to open the data file:
downloading the solution from an online memory source into the offline memory source.
14. The method of
updating the solution discovered in the offline memory source with a newer solution.
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. The method of
This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/395,490, U.S. Pat. No. 7,380,066 filed on Mar. 24, 2003, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
Extensible markup language (XML) is increasingly becoming the preferred format for transferring data. XML is a tag-based hierarchical language that is extremely rich in terms of the data that it can be used to represent. For example, XML can be used to represent data spanning the spectrum from semi-structured data (such as one would find in a word processing document) to generally structured data (such as that which is contained in a table). XML is well-suited for many types of communication including business-to-business and client-to-server communication. For more information on XML, XSLT, and XSD (schemas), the reader is referred to the following documents which are the work of, and available from the W3C (World Wide Web consortium): XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes; XML Schema Part 1: Structures, and XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0; and XML 1.0 second edition specification.
One of the reasons that data files written in XML are often preferred for transferring data is that XML data files contain data, rather than a combination of data and the software application needed to edit the data. One problem with XML data files, however, is that to edit an XML data file, a user needs to first install a solution software application used to access, view, and edit the data file.
When a user is online, his computer can run a host application capable of accessing the Internet, such as Microsoft« Internet Explorer«, which can silently discover and deploy an XSLT, which enables the user to author and access an XML data file.
If a user wishes to save an XML data file for later, offline use, however, the user may encounter various problems. In some cases, a user wishing to reopen an XML data file offline will not be able to do so because he can no longer discover and deploy the XML data file's solution application. The user can no longer discover a solution if he is no longer online and the solution is accessible only online. In other cases, a user can access and deploy the solution application, but to do so the user must proactively discover the solution's name and where on his computer it resides, which a user may not know. And sometimes, a user's host application discovers the solution's name and where it resides, but the user has to instruct his computer to deploy the solution application, rather than the computer automatically opening the solution file when the user attempts to open the corresponding XML data file.
Even in those cases where a user can continue to author and access an XML data file offline by actively installing the XML data file's solution application, there often is another problem. When a user instructs his host application to open a solution for an XML data file, his host application may trust the solution, thereby setting the user's computer at risk. A solution originally accessed online could, for instance, contain a virus or worm. When the user instructs his host application to install the solution, it could introduce the virus or worm.
For these reasons, editing data files offline can be inconvenient and dangerous.
The following description and figures describe an offline editing tool enabling offline editing of a data file with silent discovery and deployment of the data file's solution. This offline editing tool enables a user to edit data files by performing certain actions before the user attempts to edit the data file while offline. When a user first opens a data file when online, for instance, the editing tool can download the data file's solution into a cache for later retrieval.
The offline editing tool follows appropriate security precautions to contain possibly dangerous code in a data file's solution even when the solution is installed from a local source, such as when a user is offline. This offline editing tool determines what level of security is appropriate for a data file's solution based on the original source of the solution.
The same numbers are used throughout the disclosure and figures to reference like components and features.
The following disclosure describes an easy, simple, and secure way to access data files when offline. If a user has opened a data file first online, or if the system has otherwise received the data file's solution, a document manager application can silently discover and deploy a data file's solution. The document manager allows a user to simply select a data file to open and the document manager will open the data file with a discovered and deployed solution. The user need not discover, select, or even be aware that the data file requires a solution for the data file to be edited. After selecting the data file to open, the user can then edit and access the data file in a way very similar to how it would act and appear had the user opened the data file while online.
Data Files, Solutions, and Host Applications
Data files, their solutions, and a host application work together to allow a user to open and edit the data file. Data files contain little or no operable code, where as a solution file containing presentation and logic applications. Because editing a data file requires a solution, if a user tries to open a data file without a solution, she could get a error, a prompt asking the user to open a solution, or perhaps a flat list of the data in the data file.
To view and edit a data file then, the data file's solution is needed. A data file's solution application is one or more files that, when installed, are used to enable a user to view, access, and edit the data file.
In addition to the data file and its solution, a host application is needed. This application works to enable the solution to function fully. In this description, a document manager application is described, which is capable not only of acting as a host application (allowing a solution to function properly), but can also allow a user to open a data file without actively finding and installing the data file's solution.
For discussion purposes, the system and method described herein are described in the context of a single computer, a communications network, a user-input device, and a single display screen. These devices will be described first, followed by a discussion of the techniques in which these and other devices can be used.
Exemplary Architecture
The computing system 102 includes a user-input device 106, a display 108 having a screen 110, and a computer 112. The user-input device 106 can include any device allowing a computer to receive a designer's preferences, such as a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a voice-activated input device, a track ball, and the like. With the user-input device 106, a user can edit a data file by adding or deleting information within a data-entry field on an electronic form, for instance. The user can use the display 108 and its screen 110 to view the data files.
The computer 112 includes a processing unit 114 to execute applications, a memory 116 containing applications and files, and a network interface 118 to facilitate communication with the communications network 104. The memory 116 includes volatile and non-volatile memory, and applications, such as an operating system 120 and a document manager application 122. The memory 116 also includes a solution 124 for a data file 126. The solution 124 is located locally in the memory 116, but often has a different original source, such as a source on the communications network 104. The solution 124 contains one or more files, such as a presentation file 128, logic file 130, and list file 132, which will be discussed in greater detail below.
The document manager application 122 facilitates offline editing of the data files 126 and is executed by the processing unit 114. The document manager 122 is capable of acting as a host application and enabling a user to open the data file 126 without actively finding and installing the data file's solution 124. Without any user interaction, other than the user attempting to open the data file 126, the document manager 122 discovers and installs the data file's solution 124. Thus, the user does not have to do anything but request to open the data file 126. The user does not have to discover the data file's solution 124. The user does not have to install the data file's solution 124. This silent discovery and deployment allows the user to view, edit, and otherwise interact with the data file 126 with just a single request. In addition, the document manager 122 can provide security offline similar to the security that the user typically enjoys when running a solution online.
A view of the data file 126 is depicted on screen 110 through execution of the data file's solution 124. The solution 124 contains one or more applications and/or files that the document manager 122 uses to enable a user to edit the data file 126. To edit the data file 126 in a user-friendly way, the data file's solution 124 contains the presentation file 128, which includes an electronic form. This presentation file 128 gives the user a graphical, visual representation of data-entry fields showing previously entered data or blank data-entry fields into which the user can enter data. Data files often have one solution but each solution often governs multiple data files.
This solution 124 presents an electronic form but also contains the logic file 130 that governs various aspects of the electronic form and the data file 126. In a reference number data-entry field 202, for instance, the solution 124 presents the data-entry field as a white box within a gray box, provides a description of the data desired with the text "Reference Number", and contains logic requiring that the user enter only numbers. Thus, if the user attempted to enter letters, the logic file 130 of the solution 124 would not permit the user's entry. The solution 124 could reject it and inform the user of the problem, such as with a sound, flashing error signal, pop-window, or the like.
The logic file 130 is employed in the solution 124 to ensure that the right kind of data is being entered and retained by the data file 126. A user's business manager attempting to reference purchases with a reference number, for instance, would like the solution 124 to have numbers in the reference number data-entry field 202; the manager may not be able to determine how an order should be handled if the reference number entered is incorrect because it contains letters.
Similarly, suppose a business manager wants the delivery date for delivery of a purchased product. To require this, the logic file 130 of purchase order 200's solution 124 could be constructed to require a date to be entered into a date-required data-entry field 204. The logic file 130 can be internal to the solution 124, or can be implied from the data file 126 even if the data file 126 is primarily data. The logic file 130 can also be a schema, such as an XML schema.
A solution can govern multiple data files. The exemplary purchase order 200, for example, allows one or more users to fill out many different orders. Each time a user fills out a purchase order form, the system 102 can create a separate data file for that order. Often, a user will create many different data files having the same solution. For each data file edited after the first, the system 102 is likely to have the appropriate solution stored in the memory 116. Thus, if a user previously opened a first data file and later attempts to open a second data file, both of which utilize the purchase order 200 solution, the document manager 122 can silently discover and deploy the purchase order 200 solution to enable the user to edit the second data file. How the document manager 122 discovers and deploys solutions will be discussed in greater detail below.
A solution can be one file or contain many files, so long as the files used to edit data files it governs are included. The solution 124 of
A solution, such as the solution 124, can also include various files or compilations of files, including a manifest file setting forth names and locations for files that are part of the solution 124. The files within the solution 124 can be packaged together, or can be separate. When separate, the list file 132 acts as a manifest of the files within the solution 124. The list file 132 can also include other information, such as definitions, design time information, data source references, and the like. When the files are packaged together, the document manager 122 can simply install and execute the packaged solution file for a particular data file. When not packaged, the document manager 122 can read the list file 132, find the listed files, and install and execute each of the listed files for the particular data file. The list file 132 and the packaged solution file can be interrelated in that an packaged file contains the list file 132 and the list file 132 lists files packaged within the packaged file, although usually only one need be discovered by the system 102 to open a particular data file.
Like solutions, data files can come in various types and styles. As mentioned above, data files can be written in XML or some other mark-up language, or can be written in other languages. Most data files, however, do not contain extensive logic and other files or code. One of the benefits of having data files separate from their solutions, is that it makes the data within them easier to mine. Because the data files are separate from their solution, the document manager 122 makes them easy to open and edit by silently discovering and deploying the solution for the data file.
Data files also are typically concise and data-centered so that the data they contain can be more easily accessed or manipulated by multiple software applications, including software not typically used in a solution, such as an application that searches for a particular type of data and compiles that data into a report. A non-typical application, for example, could be one that compiles a report of all of the purchase orders required to be mailed by a certain date by searching through and compiling the data entered into data files through the date required data-entry field 204 of the purchase order 200 electronic form.
The above devices and applications are merely representative, and other known devices and applications may be substituted for or added to those shown in
Techniques for Silent Discovery and Deployment of Data File Solutions
Silent Discovery and Deployment
At block 302, the system 102 receives input from a user to open the data file 126. The user may simply click on a icon representing the data file 126 or otherwise select the data file 126 after which the system 102 opens the data file 126.
At block 304, the system 102 discovers a solution identifier in the selected data file 126. This assumes that the data file 126 is one in which the document manager 122 is capable of reading. The document manager 122 can read data files created at some previous time by the user's or another's document manager 122. In one implementation, the document manager 122 can also read the data file 126 if it is created by another application that builds a solution identifier into the data file 126.
This solution identifier can give the system 102 an original source for the solution 124. With an original source for the solution 124, the system 102 has one manner in which to help determine the proper security appropriate for the solution 124. How the system 102 and the document manager 122 handle security for a solution 124 is set forth in greater detail below.
The solution identifier is typically a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) or URN (Uniform Resource Name), but can include other types of names and/or locators. URLs give locations and URNs names of resources, such as the solution 124, which are typically accessible through the communications network 104. With the solution identifier, the system 102 can determine the original source for the solution 124 (where it first came from) and whether or not the system 102 has seen the solution 124 before.
In one implementation, the solution identifier is part of a processing instruction included within the data file 126. This processing instruction is often part of data files and can include various instructions to host applications, such as the document manager 122. Processing instructions, while not strictly data, do not rise to the level of an applet or application typically included in a solution for a data file. For data files written in XML, for instance, the processing instructions are usually not written in XML, but rather are just a piece of information commonly included. A processing instruction in an XML data file can look like "<? mso-infoPathSolution solutionVersion="220.127.116.11" PIVersion="126.96.36.199" href="http://xdsp04-neten/MiladinP/Forms/template.xsn" ?>". This processing instruction gives the document manager 122 a solution identifier, which here gives the original source for the solution for the data file. This solution identifier includes a URL indicating that the original location for the solution is at a remote server accessible by accessing the communications network 104 through the network interface 118.
One of the advantages of the document manager 122 is that it enables a user to open the data file 126 without the user needing to discover the data file's solution 124, install the solution 124, or even know that the solution 124 exists. This system and method enables users to open data files simply and easily and in many cases enables them to edit a data file offline that they would otherwise not have been able to edit.
With the solution identifier, the system 102 computes a special name for the solution 124 (block 306). This special name is designed to be a name easily found only by the document manager 122. The special name, because it is computed and findable by the document manager 122 but is not intended to be discoverable by other applications, allows for greater security in downloading possibly hostile solutions from the communications network 104.
In one implementation, the document manager 122 takes the solution identifier and computes a unique special name for the solution identifier. This unique special name is repeatable; the next time the document manager 122 computes a unique special name for the same solution identifier, the same unique special name will be created. By so doing, the document manager 122 can find a previously downloaded solution by computing the unique, special name and then searching for the unique, special name to determine if the solution is available locally for offline use (such as by having the solution stored in the memory 116).
In another implementation, the document manager 122 computes a unique special name by computing a hash, such as a Message Digest 5 hash (MD5 hash), of the solution identifier. By computing a one-way hash of the solution identifier, the document manager 122 creates a unique, special name that is a file of 128 bits from the digits of the solution identifier. Because the file of the unique, special name is 128 bits long, it is very difficult for another application, such as one designed to damage a computer or its files, to determine if the solution 124 is on the computer (cached or available offline) and access the solution 124. With this hash-based special name, the document manager 122 provides additional security for the system 102.
The system 102 uses the special name, which corresponds to a solution identifier and thus the data file's solution 124, to search through locally accessible sources for the solution 124 (block 308). The system 102 may, for instance, search files and folders in the memory 116 of
When the Special Name is Found
If the system 102 finds the special name (i.e., the "Yes" branch from block 310) the solution 124 was saved earlier in the system 102 searched locally in the block 308. Thus, when the special name is found, the system 102 knows that the solution 124 referred to in the data file (which the user is attempting to open) is accessible offline by the system 102. The solution 124 is usually stored in the memory 116 but can be stored in other searchable, local sources that the system 102 does not have to go online to find.
The solution 124, stored at the source and found using the special name, may not be current, however. Because of this, the system 102 determines whether or not the system 102 is online or offline (block 312). If online (i.e., the "Yes" branch from block 312), the system 102 will attempt to determine whether or not a more up-to-date solution should be installed (discussed below); if offline, the system 102 will proceed to install the locally stored solution 124 (block 314).
If the Solution is Found and the System is Offline
If the solution 124 is found and the system 102 is offline, the system 102 proceeds to install the solution 124 from the memory 116 or another locally accessible source (block 314).
The system 102 installs the solution 124 silently in that the user does not need to know that the solution 124 was discovered, found, or being installed. Thus, the system 102 enables a user to edit the data file 126 when offline by silently discovering and deploying the data file's solution 124.
In one implementation, the system 102 installs the solution 124 and then opens the data file 126 in such a manner as to mimic how the data file 126 would be opened had the user opened the data file 126 with the solution accessible online, such as through opening the data file 126 with Microsoft« Internet Explorer«. The system 102 does so to make opening and editing the data file 126 as comfortable for the user as possible, because many users are familiar with opening data files online. One possible difference, however, is that if the system 102 has a slow connection to the communications network 104, the document manager 122, by installing the solution 124 from a local source like the memory 116, may more quickly open the data file 126 than if the user were online.
Also in block 314, the document manager 122 can install the solution 124 for the selected data file with certain constraints for security, which will be discussed in greater detail as part of a process 400 of
In block 316, the system 102 opens the data file 126 to enable the user to edit the data file 126. One example of an opened data file (and solution) enabling edits is the purchase order 200 of
Following the previous blocks, a user can easily open a data file offline without having to discover or deploy the data file's solution. This enables users, for example, after first opening a solution online, to open a data file offline. A user can open a data file online and edit it by adding a reference number through the reference number data-entry field 202 of the purchase order 200 electronic form and then stop editing the data file (the data file would contain the added reference number by the system 102 adding the reference number to the data file). The user could then go offline, such as by taking his or her laptop on a business trip, and complete filling out the electronic form. Or the user could send the partially filled-out data file to another user to fill out the rest of the electronic form, which the other user could do so long as the other user's system contains a stored solution. This flexibility allows users and businesses a greater ability to use information by keeping data and solutions separate and by allowing offline use of data files.
If the Solution is Found and the System is Online
Assuming the system 102 finds the special name and the system is online, the system 102 will attempt to determine whether the current solution is the most recent version or a more up-to-date solution is available. In block 318, the system 102 compares the time stamp of the stored solution 124 and the online solution. Since the system 102 is online, it can access the solution (here we assume that the original origin of the solution 124 is from an online source). If the solution identifier from the data file 126 selected by the user contains a reference to the solution 124 being accessible online, the system 102 goes online to check whether or not the online solution is newer than the stored solution 124 (block 320). In one implementation, the system 102 compares the time stamp of the online solution with a time stamp on the stored solution 124.
If the online solution is not newer (i.e., the "No" branch from block 320), the system 102 proceeds to the block 314, installing the stored solution 124. If the online solution is newer than the stored solution 124 (i.e., the "Yes" branch from block 320), the system 102 either replaces the stored solution 124 with the online solution or otherwise updates the older, stored solution 124.
Downloading the Solution for Later Use
In block 322, the architecture 100 (or the system 102 by accessing the communications network 104) downloads a solution into a locally accessible source such as the memory 116. The system 102 downloads this solution when the data file 126 selected by a user contains a solution identifier for a solution for which the system 102 does not have local access (such as it not being cached) or for which the system 102 has local access but the cached or stored version of the solution (the solution 124) is older than the online version.
In either case, the system 102 has already discovered the solution identifier for the solution and computed a special name for the solution. The system 102 then downloads the solution from the online source and saves it into a folder named with the special name (block 324). If a solution already exists in that folder, the system 102 replaces it with the newer version or otherwise updates the currently cached solution. The resulting new or updated version then being the solution 124.
In one implementation, the system 102 saves the solution to a unique location within the system 102's accessible memory. The system 102 does so in cases where the system 102 is used by multiple users. By so doing, the system 102 is able to determine which of the users that use the system 102 or load files into memory locally accessible by the system 102 saved the particular solution. Also by so doing, the system 102 may provide greater security for the computer 112 and its users.
Techniques for Secure Deployment of Data File Solutions
Through the process 300, discussed above, the system 102 enables a user to open and edit a data file by silently discovering and deploying the data file's solution. In the process 400, the system 102 acts to protect the user from the solution because some solutions contain dangerous code, like viruses and worms. To help prevent dangerous code from damaging the user's files and/or computer, the system 102 sandboxes the solution, if appropriate.
As part of this security, the system 102 can be configured to ask a user during an attempt to open a data file how the user wants to sandbox the data file's solution. Many users, however, often do not know what level of sandboxing to chose, and thus the explicit prompting slows the process and consumes unnecessary user time.
To make opening and editing a data file as easy as possible and because many users do not know what level of sandboxing a solution should be run within, the system 102 can be configured to sandbox a solution automatically, as set forth in
In block 402, the system 102 determines the origin of a solution, such as the solution 124 of
The solution identifier can be a URL, a URN, or another Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). URLs give a location for a solution and URNs a name, either of which can be used to locate and find the source of a solution. URLs usually indicate a non-local, online source for a solution like a remote server accessible through the communications network 104. URNs give the name of a solution, which typically can be accessed online (but could be accessed from a local, offline source), and are less subject to change by those in control of the solution. In either case, these solution identifiers give the system 102 the original source of the solution. The solution may be cached or otherwise stored by the system 102 in a local source (such as the solution 124 in the memory 116), but the local source is not indicated as the solution's origin by the solution's solution identifier, the local source is a new source.
With the origin of the solution known, the document manager 122 sets the appropriate level of security for the solution 124, sandboxing the solution 124 based on its origin (block 404). The document manager 122 sandboxes the solution 124, if from unknown or untrustworthy sources on the global internet with a sandbox allowing the solution 124 very little leeway in the operations it can perform, such as reading or altering other files on the computer 112. Greater trust, and so a weaker sandbox, are used for the solution 124 if it has an origin from known and more trustworthy sources accessed remotely, such as from MSN.com or a company intranet source. Very high trust, requiring a weak or no sandbox, is used for the solution 124 if is has an origin on the computer 112, such as when the user or another person using the user's computer created the solution 124.
Setting security levels and appropriate use of sandboxes for online use of solutions for data files are performed by various internet-capable host applications. The document manager 122, however, opens solutions and sandboxes them based on their origin even when the solution is opened from a local source that differs from the original origin of the solution. Typically, internet-capable host applications, such as Internet Explorer«, will not open a solution from a local source silently, but will return an error if the online copy is not available. The document manager 122, however, opens and executes, without user interaction, solutions in appropriate sandboxes even when a solution is loaded from a local source.
In block 406, the system 102 installs the solution 124 within an appropriate sandbox. This appropriate sandbox limits the operations that the solution 124 can perform, thereby helping to protect the computer 112 and its files from the solution 124.
A Computer System
Computer 542 further includes a hard disk drive 556 for reading from and writing to a hard disk (not shown), a magnetic disk drive 558 for reading from and writing to a removable magnetic disk 560, and an optical disk drive 562 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 564 such as a CD ROM or other optical media. The hard disk drive 556, magnetic disk drive 558, and optical disk drive 562 are connected to the bus 548 by an SCSI interface 566 or some other appropriate interface. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for computer 542. Although the exemplary environment described herein employs a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk 560 and a removable optical disk 564, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of computer-readable media which can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), and the like, may also be used in the exemplary operating environment.
A number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk 556, magnetic disk 560, optical disk 564, ROM 550, or RAM 552, including an operating system 570, one or more application programs 572 (such as the document manager application 122), other program modules 574, and program data 576. A user may enter commands and information into computer 542 through input devices such as a keyboard 578 and a pointing device 580. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are connected to the processing unit 544 through an interface 582 that is coupled to the bus 548. A monitor 584 or other type of display device is also connected to the bus 548 via an interface, such as a video adapter 586. In addition to the monitor, personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown) such as speakers and printers.
Computer 542 commonly operates in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 588. The remote computer 588 may be another personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to computer 542. The logical connections depicted in
When used in a LAN networking environment, computer 542 is connected to the local network through a network interface or adapter 594. When used in a WAN networking environment, computer 542 typically includes a modem 596 or other means for establishing communications over the wide area network 592, such as the Internet. The modem 596, which may be internal or external, is connected to the bus 548 via a serial port interface 568. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the personal computer 542, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
Generally, the data processors of computer 542 are programmed by means of instructions stored at different times in the various computer-readable storage media of the computer. Programs and operating systems are typically distributed, for example, on floppy disks or CD-ROMs. From there, they are installed or loaded into the secondary memory of a computer. At execution, they are loaded at least partially into the computer's primary electronic memory. The invention described herein includes these and other various types of computer-readable storage media when such media contain instructions or programs for implementing the blocks described below in conjunction with a microprocessor or other data processor. The invention also includes the computer itself when programmed according to the methods and techniques described herein.
For purposes of illustration, programs and other executable program components such as the operating system are illustrated herein as discrete blocks, although it is recognized that such programs and components reside at various times in different storage components of the computer, and are executed by the data processor(s) of the computer.
The above-described system and method enables a user to edit data files when offline by discovering and deploying the data file's solution application. Although the invention has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the invention defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the claimed invention.
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Open Mic and Jam with Maki Dervo
1st Saturday of the month, Open Mic and Jam with Maki Dervo.
Held at F. B. and Company in Waubeek, Iowa.
The stage is set with michrophones, monitor, and a drum set. This is a very "open mic" where impromptu bands often form around a solo performer! Harp players and sing-alongers can chime-in on a dedicated mic along stage right. There's time for some comedy. Don't forget your danceing shoes.
Saturday, 06 July, 2013
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subset: commoncrawl


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Beaumont Youth Soccer Club are proud to call the Cris Quinn Memorial Soccer Complex. Our fields are located on the west end of Beaumont,TX at the address:
9000 Dishman Road
Beaumont, TX
To see our field layout click here.
We boast a huge complex which is home to roughly 1300 soccer players each season. The complex consists of an indoor astroturf field, 3v3/4v4/6v6/8v8/11v11 fields all in one location as well as 6 full size flood-lit fields. This allows us to train and play our home games in one location year round and host two major tournaments:
BYSC Kick Off Classic - August
Beaumont Invitational Games - November
See the map below for directions:


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Posts Tagged «weight»
Weigh yourself with a clock that ticks in mass, not seconds January 11, 2013 at 8:45 am
Normally, when we think of clocks, we think of time — seconds, minutes, hours. When we think of scales, we think of weight — ounces, grams, pounds. However, a new clock developed by physicists combines the two, and tells time in matter.


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Course Abstract Details
ENGL-221, Creative Writing Workshop 2
Credits: 3
Course Description
ENGL-221, Creative Writing Workshop 2, provides continued practice in the writing of poetry and fiction. The class functions primarily as a writing workshop for those students who have successfully completed Introduction to Creative Writing. A variety of representative works are studied as students continue to develop voice, style, and craft. Students may focus their study on poetry or fiction; this will be reflected in each student's portfolio. Prerequisite: ENGL-220. Three hours lecture each week. Three credits. Three billable hours.
Course Objectives and Grading Information
COURSE OBJECTIVES: In the Creative Writing Workshop, you will:
1. continue to explore the distinction between literary and commercial genres of poetry and fiction through close, critical reading of literary texts (GE2, H1)
2. create sophisticated, original images, similes, and metaphors, mindful of avoiding clichés and hackneyed language (GE1, GE2, GE3, H5, E5)
3. write poems and stories that are driven by ambivalence and reflect universal experiences (GE1, GE2, GE5, H5, E5)
4. continue to experiment with literary forms and genres (GE1, GE2, H4)
5. critique peer writing and offer constructive feedback, observing the rules of etiquette that govern a successful writing workshop experience (GE1, GE2, GE7, H4, H5)
6. in essay form, analyze the structure and technique of a renowned work of literature. (GE1, GE2, GE7, E1, E5)
Learning Goals
The abbreviations in parentheses represent Learning Goals which have been identified for this course and program of study:


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Imagine that you're on your honeymoon in France – the most romantic place in the entire world – then after that magical week celebrating your new life together, your new husband leaves you at a small gas station in middle-of-nowhere, Germany while on your way home to Berlin. Well, that may seem like a far stretch from your post nuptial bliss, but it was the unfortunate reality for one new bride.
The groom of course, said that he didn't mean to leave his bride at the gas station, but he didn't even notice she wasn't in the car until two and a half hours later. Apparently, the story [with detail - justifying his mistake] was that she was sleeping in the back of the car and when they came to the gas station, she got out the use the restroom, but by the time he got back, she had not yet returned and he had assumed that she stayed sleeping.
The bride called into a radio station to comment on the story,
My first reaction was – is he stupid? I had no money and no telephone with me. However, I'm not angry with my husband, he didn't mean it.
What a fantastic and understanding brand NEW bride – At least now they have a great story to tell their grand kids one day.


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News about zoos, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Chronology of Coverage
Jun. 18, 2015
White tiger that escaped when Vere River overflowed and decimated zoo in Tbilisi, Georgia, kills local warehouse worker who was volunteering to dig out flood-ravaged city, and is later shot and killed; while some animals survived flood, many predators like lions, tigers and bears swam out of their enclosures and were killed by police. MORE
Jun. 15, 2015
Floodwaters in Tblisi, Georgia, send animals fleeing from city zoo; residents are warned to stay clear as officials attempt to herd animals back into captivity and collect bodies of animals that died in storm. MORE
May. 27, 2015
Children's section of Bronx Zoo reopens, after $4 million renovation, with new animals and activities. MORE
Mar. 30, 2015
Cattle traders and meat retailers in Indian state Maharashtra are on strike after officials banned possession and sale of beef, imposing dietary restrictions on both Hindus and non-Hindus; strike is impacting meat-eating animals at national park in Mumbai, who are now being fed chicken instead. MORE
Dec. 26, 2014
Panda cub Bao Bao at the National Zoo in Washington is back with her mother after spending more than 24 hours in a tree, where she went after being startled by a tool that zookeepers use to contain animals. MORE
Nov. 23, 2014
First column by Charles Siebert observes that idea of Zootopia, reconfiguration of Denmark's Givskud Zoo that will hide visitors as much as possible from animals, dates back to 1907, despite claims that it is a reinvention; notes same impulse that leads to zookeeping is now infecting way humans try to preserve wilderness areas, with wilderness becoming the next tailored and tended diorama. MORE
Oct. 22, 2014
Albuquerque BioPark Zoo beefs up security after killing of rare Tasmanian devil on loan from Australia and offers $5,000 reward for information leading to an arrest. MORE
Sep. 24, 2014
Indian man Maqsood Khan is mauled to death by a white tiger in the New Delhi zoo after falling into moat in the animal's enclosure. MORE
Aug. 2, 2014
Attendance at the Staten Island Zoo has risen since acquisition of diminutive and lesser known creatures like Patagonian cavy and fossa cats; zoo's curator Dr Marc T Valitutto gets financial support through crowdfunding website Indiegogo, which received $9,000 in donations in 2013 to purchase cassowary bird. MORE
Jul. 6, 2014
Alex Halberstadt article examines changing attitudes in scientific community toward idea that animals think and feel; highlights work of animal behaviorist Dr Vint Virga, whose book The Soul of All Living Creatures embraces such notions; explores implications of idea on issues of zoos and animal rights. MORE
Jun. 16, 2014
Depiction of how Central Park Zoo became repository for animals cast off or donated by New York citizens and visitors noted; procession of animals began in 1859, when trained bear cub was dropped off to some guards at park and, as years went on, trickle of live gifts grew steadier and more exotic; zoo officials say more animals are coming soon, including what may replace Gus, beloved polar bear who died in summer 2013. MORE
Apr. 26, 2014
Americans for Prosperity, advocacy group best known for aggressive participation in national politics, surprises people in Columbus, Ohio, with campaign against a tax increase to benefit local zoo; group is expanding its grass-roots operations and is building local organizations around the nation to try to play a long-term role in community issues. MORE
Mar. 5, 2014
Surabaya Journal; municipal zoo in Surabaya, Indonesia, has drawn criticism from around world for deaths of over 100 animals over period of several months; bitter debate is underway over who is responsible for zoo's death toll, with some calling for closure of facility. MORE
Oct. 12, 2013
John Bradford, longtime zookeeper in Springfield, Mo, is fatally injured by a female elephant inside the Dickinson Park Zoo. MORE
Oct. 8, 2013
Avian malaria is top killer of captive penguins that are exposed to outdoors, prompting many zoos to take protective measures. MORE
Oct. 15, 2012
Animal rights group PETA has enlisted celebrities in campaign to free Mali, 38-year old Indian elephant kept at a zoo in Manila, Philippines; PETA representatives say Mali is unhappy and kept in poor conditions, facts disputed by her zookeepers, who fear that a transfer to a sanctuary would harm the aged elephant. MORE
Aug. 27, 2012
Managers at zoos and aquariums that work closely with conservation organizations are wrestling with how aggressive to be in educating visitors on the perils of climate change; too bleak an approach could alienate visitors, while glossing over the issues could result in the loss of financing from individuals who feel strongly about threatened habitats and species (Series: The Animal Lifeboat). MORE
Aug. 3, 2012
Zookeepers around the world, facing limited capacity and pressure to maintain diverse collections of endangered species, are often choosing between two controversial methods: birth control and euthanasia; choice in the United States is contraception but some European zoos would rather euthanize unneeded offspring after they mature than deny animal parents the experience of procreating and nurturing their young (Series: The Animal Lifeboat). MORE
Jul. 5, 2012
Zoos are trying to mate captive cheetahs and about 160 other endangered species as so-called insurance populations before their situation in the wild becomes untenable; 83 percent of those species in North American zoos are not meeting the targets set for maintaining their genetic diversity (Series: The Animal Lifeboat). MORE
Jun. 21, 2012
At least 11 animals at the Lake Superior Zoo in Duluth, Minn, drown after severe storms cause major flooding in the state's northeastern region. MORE
May. 28, 2012
Mission of zoos is changing as more and more species face extinction and they are being called upon to rescue and sustain wide variety of animals whose populations are suddenly crashing; to conserve animals effectively, however, zoo officials have concluded that they must winnow species in their care and devote more resources to a chosen few; the result is that zookeepers are increasingly being pressed into making cold calculations about which animals are the most crucial to save (Series: The Animal Lifeboat). MORE
Mar. 11, 2012
News analysis; closing of the Monkey House at the Bronx Zoo in February in many ways is a reminder of how zoos have changed over the years, reflecting shifting attitudes toward the animals and the habitats from which they have been plucked. MORE
There are no additional abstracts to display.
The Bronx Zoo's Loneliest Elephant
The arguments over Happy's isolation open up a bigger debate: whether it is right to keep intelligent, family-oriented and behaviorally complex animals in captivity.
June 28, 2015, Sunday
MORE ON ZOOS AND: Elephants , Animal Abuse, Rights and Welfare , Bronx Zoo Wildlife Conservation Park , Zoos
Tiger That Fled Flooded Georgia Zoo Is Killed After Mauling a Man
News reports of the mauling near the central square of Tbilisi came after the zoo had said all of the missing lions and tigers had been found dead.
June 18, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON ZOOS AND: Georgia (Georgian Republic) , Floods , Zoos , Tbilisi (Georgian Republic) , Tbilisi Zoo , Tigers
Zoo Animals on the Loose in Tbilisi After Flooding
At least 12 people have been reported dead, and heavy rains destroyed the enclosures of the Georgian city's main zoo.
June 15, 2015, Monday
MORE ON ZOOS AND: Georgia (Georgian Republic) , Floods , Zoos , Tbilisi (Georgian Republic) , Tbilisi Zoo
New Stars at the Bronx Zoo Include a Giant Anteater Named Velcro
After a $4 million renovation of the Children's Zoo, new attractions also include the "Monkey Island" and a newly rebuilt farm area where children can feed and pet animals.
May 27, 2015, Wednesday
MORE ON ZOOS AND: Bronx Zoo Wildlife Conservation Park , Zoos , Bronx (NYC) , Children and Childhood , Animals , Restoration and Renovation
Little Penguins Move Into the Bronx Zoo
A colony of little penguins, a species from Australia and New Zealand, has come to the Bronx Zoo.
May 20, 2015, Wednesday
MORE ON ZOOS AND: Bronx (NYC) , Bronx Zoo Wildlife Conservation Park , Penguins , Zoos
Beef Ban in India Reaches Into Cages of Lions and Tigers
The prohibition has had a broad effect on everyday life, including for animals at a national park in Mumbai.
March 30, 2015, Monday
MORE ON ZOOS AND: Meat , Beef , India , Zoos , Maharashtra (India) , Hinduism , Modi, Narendra
In Weather Fit for Hibernation, Central Park Grizzly Bears Debut
On a day when the temperature reached only 21 degrees, two bears, Betty and Veronica, were introduced to the news media.
January 9, 2015, Friday
MORE ON ZOOS AND: Bears , Central Park Zoo , Zoos
Pick Your Favorite New York Zoo Animal
Ten photos of adorable, fearsome or otherwise noteworthy creatures await your judgment.
December 30, 2014, Tuesday
MORE ON ZOOS AND: Wildlife Conservation Society , Zoos
Ohio: Baby Gorilla Moving to Columbus Zoo
A baby gorilla raised by human keepers wearing hairy vests is ready to be placed with other gorillas and will move to the Columbus Zoo, the Cincinnati Zoo said Friday.
December 27, 2014, Saturday
MORE ON ZOOS AND: Monkeys and Apes , Columbus Zoo and Aquarium , Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden , Zoos , Columbus (Ohio) , Cincinnati (Ohio)
Washington: Scared Panda Leaves Tree
The panda cub Bao Bao at the National Zoo in Washington is back with her mother after spending more than 24 hours in a tree, where she went after being startled by a tool that zookeepers use to contain animals.
December 26, 2014, Friday
MORE ON ZOOS AND: Pandas , Zoos , Washington (DC) , Smithsonian National Zoological Park
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Quick Links
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RGZ10632 In Stock
Add whimsical charm to any outfit with this sparkling emerald cut and flower cz stackable band. Each flower is composed of four 2mm round brilliant cut stones around a silver bead. Whether you're really into flowers, or you just love unique pieces, you'll adore the youthful touch this cz flower and emerald cut ring adds to your style any (or every) day. Pair this with other flowers, or with other emerald cut pieces for a seamless look.
Eve's Addiction.com wants you to be a happy customer. We want you to be completely satisfied with the sterling silver jewelry that you receive from us, as we only sell high quality silver and cubic zirconia cz jewelry. We do understand that you may not like your purchase for some reason.
You may return or exchange your jewelry within 60 days of purchase if you are not satisfied with it. The jewelry must be returned in its original condition for a refund or exchange. Engraved, personalized, photo, monogram, name and initial, chocolate and clearance items are not returnable or exchangeable.


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Finitribe are releasing (19.01.14) an album DeTestimony with the 101 (Massey mix) on it.
Listed on Amazon as:
DeTestimony (Graham Massey 101 Mix)
Label: FFFT
Duration: 8:47 minutes
Is this possibly another slightly extended reworking from Grahams original remix? (101 - 303-3D Bass Version is 07:58 long).
There is a clip on soundcloud:
http://soundcloud.com/finitribe/finitri ... ony-graham.


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Hello TRX,
Check Nelson's Submachineguns of the World (Vol 1) for the Reising drawings. (my darn HP scanner doesn't work).
The Reising model 50 is a delay blowback .45 smg of WW-II fame. The bolt is cylindrical in a thick-wall steel tube receiver. The bolt tilts up at the tail end into a recess area in the receiver tube. The tilting is caused by a small cam edge on the op-rod working on the bottom side of the receiver through a slot.
The op-rod is also the cocking device and is spring loaded. It is not gas activated. It is a simple delay system. The op-rod is a welded-together fork-like steel strap thing. They sometimes broke at the weldment but can be rewelded better with today's processes. The Garand op-rod is also a welded assembly by the way.
The levers are actually the trigger sears that release the op-rod and striker hammer (closed bolt system).
The Reising is a simple and unique design that could have been an assault rifle had there not been such opposition to an AR round by US military brass.
Does anyone have an AR barrel extension at hand, that they could measure the length?
1.120" long. If you need another measurement let me know.
My idea for a trunnion would be a simple block to hold the AR barrel extension. It wouldn't necessarily be any longer than the barrel extension, though it might be worthwhile to put a couple of "wings" on it to more-easily attach some rivets.
Press the AR extension in, then pin it in place in normal AK style. The AR barrel would then screw in.
The AR bolt is weird-looking. I may have to just buy one so I can inspect it. Meanwhile, it might be possible to turn/grind it down to AK size on the stem and press on a collar to engage the AK bolt carrier cam track. If not, doing a custom bolt carrier would be the next logical step. Then you'd be independent of the three major parts you still have to source from AK kits.
In the furtherance of taking on more projects than I can handle, I ordered a chunk of 1-3/4 x 1-3/4 1018 steel a while ago.
At the moment AR bolts cost about the same as AK bolts, and a brand-new barrel extension is $20-ish, vs. $50-ish for used AK bits.
The trunnion and extension setup looks like a no-brainer, but the bolt/carrier setup will require some thought.
were are you finding AR bolts that cheap??At the moment AR bolts cost about the same as AK bolts
Del-Ton, Inc. AR-15 Barrel Extension
Del-Ton, Inc. AR-15 Bolt Assembly
Was thinking along the same lines for a 7.62x25.....
The bolts are about $35-$45. It's the bolt carriers that are expensive!
I'd look at an AR18 if I were you, they have square carriers, AR style bolt, and piston driven...


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Unless it would help the Red Sox somehow...
Visit the NESN channel for Boston Red Sox video, Boston Bruins video, New England Patriots video, Boston Celtics video, Liverpool FC video and more.
Discover the best in original web series.
© 2014 Blip Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Blip is part of Maker Studios


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SOA Patterns with BizTalk Server 2009
SOA Patterns with BizTalk Server 2009
Book Details
About This Book
- Discusses core principles of SOA and shows them applied to BizTalk solutions
- The most thorough examination of BizTalk and WCF integration in any available book
- Leading insight into the new WCF SQL Server Adapter, UDDI Services version 3, and ESB Guidance 2.0
- Loaded with examples, demo code, and screenshots, which explain how to design schemas, build WSDL-first endpoints, build loosely coupled orchestrations and, much more
Who This Book Is For
Targeted at individuals already familiar with BizTalk Server and not those expecting a full tutorial on every aspect of the product, this book is ideal for architects and developers who want to develop the most maintainable BizTalk Server solutions possible. This is the first book available on BizTalk Server 2009 and covers all relevant features for those of you designing a BizTalk business solution.
Table of Contents
What You Will Learn
- Understand how the core aspects of SOA apply to specific BizTalk components
- Consume and expose WCF services from BizTalk solutions
- Build schemas that enable efficient data sharing
- Exploit asynchronous programming models and implement client callbacks
- Chain orchestrations together in a loosely coupled way
- See one solution for complex event processing in a BizTalk environment
- Efficiently version BizTalk artifacts
- Get to know Microsoft UDDI v3 services and how to add and reference services in this registry
- Enhance BizTalk solutions with the Microsoft ESB Guidance package
- Utilize the WCF SQL Server Adapter as both a client and a service
Chapter 1: Building BizTalk Server 2009 Solutions
A brief walkthrough of creating a new BizTalk project from scratch.
Demonstrations: Building schemas, creating maps, configuring messaging, and incorporating orchestration.
Chapter 2: Windows Communication Foundation Primer
An overview of WCF with examples of developing, hosting, and consuming WCF services.
Demonstrations: Defining service contracts, adding data contracts, designing fault contracts, self-hosting of services, and consuming WCF services.
Chapter 3: Using WCF Services in BizTalk Server 2009
An explanation of the marriage between BizTalk and WCF and how to both expose and consume WCF services within BizTalk Server.
Demonstrations: Exposing WCF services from orchestrations, exposing WCF services from schemas, consuming WCF services from orchestrations, and consuming WCF services without orchestration.
Chapter 4: Planning Service Oriented BizTalk Solutions
A discussion of the core aspects of SOA, the types of services one can construct, available message exchange patterns, and how service-oriented principles apply to BizTalk solutions.
Chapter 5: Schema and Endpoint Patterns
How to build effective schemas and endpoints depending on the type of service constructed.
Demonstrations: Designing RPC, document and event schemas, building canonical schemas, reusing schemas, node feature mapping for service clients, building generic schemas, and constructing contract-first endpoints.
Chapter 6: Asynchronous Communication Patterns
A look at options for asynchronous communication and how to exploit this pattern in BizTalk solutions.
Demonstrations: Creating synchronous WCF services, building client-side asynchronous experiences, creating asynchronous WCF services, consuming asynchronous services in BizTalk Server, exposing asynchronous services from BizTalk Server, building WCF services that support client callback, BizTalk solutions for client callbacks, and using MSMQ for asynchronous solutions.
Chapter 7: Orchestration Patterns
We analyze the role of orchestration in service solutions and see how to build loosely coupled workflow processes.
Demonstrations: Dynamic consumption of WCF endpoints, supporting dual initiating message exchange patterns, chaining orchestrations using business rules, transactions in aggregate service orchestrations, and building a complex event processing solution.
Chapter 8: Versioning Patterns
We see here how to effectively version our SOA solutions and cleanly introduce updates to our BizTalk components.
Demonstrations: How to version schemas, how to version endpoints, exploiting user-defined WSDLs in BizTalk endpoints, versioning long-running orchestration solutions, and delaying change through the use of flexible schema fields and generic on-ramps.
Chapter 9: New SOA Capabilities in BizTalk Server 2009: WCF SQL Server Adapter
Using the WCF SQL Server Adapter to implement composite transactions, poll for data changes, receive query notification, consuming the adapter through its binding, auto-generating an HTTP endpoint for the adapter, and building a proxy service for the adapter.
Chapter 10: New SOA Capabilities in BizTalk Server 2009: UDDI Services
Adding services to the UDDI registry, performing dynamic endpoint resolution, and configuring the new subscription notification feature.
Chapter 11: New SOA Capabilities in BizTalk Server 2009: ESB Guidance 2.0
Using the ESB Guidance transformation service, resolver service and exception service, designing routing itineraries, transformation itineraries and complex itineraries that consume both the WCF SQL Server Adapter and a custom orchestration.
Chapter 12: What's Next
A brief wrap-up and discussion of upcoming technologies from Microsoft.
In Detail
SOA is about architecture, not products and SOA enables you to create better business processes faster than ever. While BizTalk Server 2009 is a powerful tool, by itself it cannot deliver long-lasting, agile solutions unless we actively apply tried and tested service-oriented principles.
The current BizTalk Server books are all for the 2006 version and none of them specifically looks at how to map service-oriented principles and patterns to the BizTalk product. That's where this book fits in. In this book, we specifically investigate how to design and build service-oriented solutions using BizTalk Server 2009 as the host platform.
This book extends your existing BizTalk knowledge to apply service-oriented thinking to classic BizTalk scenarios. We look at how to build the most reusable, flexible, and loosely-coupled solutions possible in the BizTalk environment. Along the way, we dive deeply into BizTalk Server's integration with Windows Communication Foundation, and see how to take advantage of the latest updates to the Microsoft platform. Chock full of dozens of demonstrations, this book walks through design considerations, development options, and strategies for maintaining production solutions.


text: The Seine-et-Marne area has its share of good deals, starting with Première Classe Nemours, which is popular with bargain shoppers.If you want to know the best places to stay, why not ask the locals? One popular choice among local travelers is Crécy Golf Hôtel, which has received an average rating of 4.36 out of 5 based on 59 guest reviews. Locals also have good things to say about the 4-star Park & Suites Prestige Val d'Europe, 4-star Paxton Resort & Spa, and 4-star Best Western Golf Hotel.For those with family in tow, the 4-star Marriott Village d'Ile-de-France is a highly rated family hotel and scores an average of 4.64 out of 5 based on 56 guest reviews. Featuring an average guest rating of 4.29, Hipark Serris Val-D'Europe is also worth a look. Hôtel l'Elysée Val d'Europe has an average rating of 4.2, and Novotel Marne Vallee Collegien has a rating of 4.05. Hotel Campanile MLV - BUSSY SAINT GEORGES and the 4-star Radisson Blu Hotel at Disneyland Paris are also family favorites.If you don't have much advance notice, take a look at the 4-star Golden Tulip Marne La Vallée, a favorite among last-minute travelers and featuring an average guest rating of 4.17 out of 5 based on 208 guest reviews. The 4-star Radisson Blu Hotel Paris Charles De Gaulle Airport, along with Campanile Roissy Le Mesnil Amelot and Comfort Hotel Airport Cdg are other popular last-minute picks.The Seine-et-Marne area isn't only for leisure. Business travelers are fond of Dream Castle Hotel at Disneyland Paris, which has been awarded VIP status - a status reserved for Expedia's most popular and highly rated hotels. Other great business properties include the 4-star Relais Spa Chessy, the 4-star Novotel Marne La Vallee Noisy Le Grand, and Sejours et Affaires Serris Rive Gauche.


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Coated Mesh Stripe Dress
Style # 205449
A mix of glossy mesh stripes and bodycon silhouette make this bebe party dress something of a wildly sexy thing. Offers medium-weight stretch and 3/4 sleeves. Try it with a pair of studded pumps for a darkly-luxe look.
- 88% polyester, 12% spandex.
- Center back to hem:
- Imported.
- Model is 5'9" and is wearing a US size S.
Rated 2 out of 5�by 1 reviewer.
Rated 2 out of 5�by Trouble978 Color not as pictured The color of this dress is not actually copper-ish and black as pictured; it is closer to all black with a leatherette texture and mesh. I?m 5?4? 123 lbs 34D and generally wear an XS or S depending on the style (and the occasion). The small was too big and the side zipper bunched up. It's a good quality dress, it's just not what I was expecting or looking for. November 10, 2012
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The dazzling array of cubic zirconias on our Sterling Silver Bezeled Princess Cut CZ Ring will light up your hand like a Hollywood marquee! The heart of the ring is a 5 millimeter princess-cut cubic zirconia, bezel set and surrounded by a multitude of round cubic zirconias. The czs extend almost half way around the 2 millimeter band for glamour that won't quit! Available in whole sizes 5 through 9.
Eve's Addiction.com wants you to be a happy customer. We want you to be completely satisfied with the sterling silver jewelry that you receive from us, as we only sell high quality silver and cubic zirconia cz jewelry. We do understand that you may not like your purchase for some reason.
You may return or exchange your jewelry within 60 days of purchase if you are not satisfied with it. The jewelry must be returned in its original condition for a refund or exchange. Engraved, personalized, photo, monogram, name and initial, chocolate and clearance items are not returnable or exchangeable.


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Save 10% and get complimentary WiFi (valued at $9.99/day) when you book directly on our website.
Travel today through December 30, 2015.
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This exclusive offer is only available when booking through www.excelsiorhotelny.combook now
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Flea Market Rx unveils the Wooden Bauble Pendant lighting collection. This cluster of brazen, bulbous, hand-turned wood balls and beads is ebony-stained and hand-polished to a bright luster. The loop and steel socket cover are barn-aged to raise a thick crust of rust, and then hand-finished to a rich, ebonized rust patina.
Includes: Brass loop and steel socket cover (D 1 ½"); hand-turned, stained, and polished wood balls; moisture-resistant, protective satin clear coat finish; heat-resistant, porcelain standard medium base (E26) socket; 10' reproduction, vintage-style electrical cord. Antique-style Bakelite plug: 120-240V.
Requires 250W maximum bulb (not included). Shown with "quad loop" style, reproduction Edison filament bulb (not included.) This product is brand-new. Its unique, contemporary design and construction is inspired by past vintage designs.
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"Checking for Charity"
Hockey Tournament
August 22 and 23
Flyers Skate Zone
Voorhees, New Jersey
An organization of adult hockey players ("Checking for Charityâ€Â) is hosting a local hockey tournament! Ed Gorleski is part of the team representing the Preeclampsia Foundation. He is playing in memory of his daughter who was born and passed in April related to his wife's experience with HELLP Syndrome.
All of the money raised through team entrance fees, sales during the tournament and from other donations are going into a single pot of money. The winner of the tournament gets the biggest cut of money donated to their charity, but all of the charities represented will receive funds from the pot according to their team's final placement.
I'll be going...and would love to meet up with any local members. If you live in the area, stop by the Flyers Skate Zone and watch the "Hawks†play for the Preeclampsia Foundation. Visit our info table where awareness materials will be on hand and additional donations will be collected.
Special thanks to Ed, his wife, Checking for Charity, and the players and donors participating is the event!
We will post results following the tourney.


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The University of St. Thomas offers a comprehensive benefits package to benefit-eligible employees. Benefits include medical, dental, and vision coverage for eligible employees and their eligible dependents. The University provides a Retirement Plan with the University matching your contribution 100% up to 6% of your salary. Other benefits include an Employee Assistance Program, University-paid group life insurance, long-term disability insurance, paid vacation, paid holidays, free and discounted tuition for employees, spouse and dependent children, employee discounts in the cafeteria, free use of a UST gym membership, and more.
The University is an exciting and enriching place to work that offers competitive salaries and benefits. Some of our benefits include:
Please find our open positions on our Now Hiring page, and if we can be of any assistance, please contact the Office of Human Resources at 713-525-3142 or email@example.com.
The University of St. Thomas is an Equal Opportunity Employer
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Cowl Neck 3/4 Sleeve Top
Style # 204017
A luxe cowl neckline and super soft fabric, make this bebe top the ultimate go-to when it comes to office or off-duty. Try it with a pair of metallic denim and studded sandals for an instant going-out-with-the-girls look.
- 95% viscose, 5% spandex.
- Center back to hem: 23" (58 cm).
- Hand wash.
- Imported.
- Model is 5'9" and is wearing a US size S.
Rated 2 out of 5�by 1 reviewer.
Rated 2 out of 5�by AliceNYC Beautiful color, but weird fit You can see even in the photo that this shirt has a wide chest area. On the model it looks smooth, but on me it sort of hung like loose skin or something. Hated it, returned it. But the color is beautiful and the fabric felt nice, so two stars October 12, 2012
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Linguistik-Klassifikation: Computerlinguistik / Computational linguistics
- Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammar (3) (remove)
- A declarative characterization of different types of multicomponent tree adjoining grammars (2007)
- Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars (MCTAG) is a formalism that has been shown to be useful for many natural language applications. The definition of MCTAG however is problematic since it refers to the process of the derivation itself: a simultaneity constraint must be respected concerning the way the members of the elementary tree sets are added. This way of characterizing MCTAG does not allow to abstract away from the concrete order of derivation. In this paper, we propose an alternative definition of MCTAG that characterizes the trees in the tree language of an MCTAG via the properties of the derivation trees (in the underlying TAG) the MCTAG licences. This definition gives a better understanding of the formalism, it allows a more systematic comparison of different types of MCTAG, and, furthermore, it can be exploited for parsing.
- Factorizing complementation in a TT-MCTAG for German (2008)
- TT-MCTAG lets one abstract away from the relative order of co-complements in the final derived tree, which is more appropriate than classic TAG when dealing with flexible word order in German. In this paper, we present the analyses for sentential complements, i.e., wh-extraction, thatcomplementation and bridging, and we work out the crucial differences between these and respective accounts in XTAG (for English) and V-TAG (for German).
- A polynomial-time parsing algorithm for TT-MCTAG (2009)
- This paper investigates the class of Tree-Tuple MCTAG with Shared Nodes, TT-MCTAG for short, an extension of Tree Adjoining Grammars that has been proposed for natural language processing, in particular for dealing with discontinuities and word order variation in languages such as German. It has been shown that the universal recognition problem for this formalism is NP-hard, but so far it was not known whether the class of languages generated by TT-MCTAG is included in PTIME. We provide a positive answer to this question, using a new characterization of TT-MCTAG.


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Learn to create Harry Potter–style smoke, fire, and explosions with particle systems in After Effects.
Learn to add motion graphics and color effects to your footage, and retime the results.
Explores Trapcode Particular, an industry standard third-party After Effects plugin for generating particle effects.
"You guys have helped change my life forever. I'm so very grateful." —Donni R.
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Status: Active
weight: 4.5 lbs
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PDF SupportSettlers of America Rules (V1_0)
*note: A reprint of "The Settlers of America" is expected to be instock first part of January 2013.
Product Info
- Ages: 12+
- Players: 3-4
- Playing Time: 120 minutes
- Designer: Klaus Teuber
- Art: Mark Zug
- Made in: Germany
Settlers of America Trails to Rails™
The 19th Century has arrived and America is heading west. Wagon trains form on the frontier. Settlers seeking fresh lives and opportunities strike out to tame wild lands and build new cities. These new cities rely on young railroads for vital goods. Trails become rails and create great wealth.
While the crowded East still offers options, its resources dwindle. Look west to make your fortune. Smart money seeks rich, unclaimed land and hungry new markets. Finance your settlers as they head west to build capitals of tomorrow. Link these cities with rails of steel. Operate your railroad to supply the townsfolk with goods. Go west. Settle the wide, open land. Claim your destiny!
Settlers of America, Trails to Rails™ utilizes the simple, fun Catan hex-tile grid to map the young United States. Collect and trade resources in order to purchase and move settlers, build cities, lay rails and acquire and move trains. Create rail links to acquire gold, which lets you buy resources and use opponents' rails. Use trains to distribute goods to rival cities. But, as your settlers populate the West, they deplete the resources of the East. Still, your options always abound.
Mark Zug is the cover artist; Harald Lieske tile & resource art;
David Cochard - developement art
- 120 railroad tracks (in 4 colors)
- 48 cities (in 4 colors)
- 8 train engines (in 4 colors)
- 8 settlers wagon (in 4 colors)
- 1 outlaw
- 40 goods cubes (in 4 colors)
- 40+ die-cut gold coins (in 1 and 5 denominations)
- 4 building cost overview charts
- 1 map board
- 2 dice
- 12 die-cut number tokens
- 95 resource cards
- 24 development cards
- 1 rulebook
Look for other games in these categories:
Series: Catan Histories
Educational Resources: Geography, Probabilities, Resource Management, Strategic Thinking, Trading/Negotiation
LITKO Officially Licensed Catan Dice Tower


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About the College
Our Mission
To engage students through personal relationships and high-impact educational experiences to maximize their success
Our Core Values
Personal relationships, engagement, opportunity and the development and success of individuals
Experiential, hands-on learning. Small, intimate classes. Dedicated, accessible professors. World-class, top-ranked instruction. These are just a few attributes that define the Ohio Northern University College of Engineering.
Without question, engineering is an area of study that's easy to get excited about. From state-of-the-art computer microchips, medical equipment and MP3 players, to skyscrapers and safer drinking water, to power generators and pollution control, engineering solves a lot of the world's challenges and transforms our daily lives.
Our's is a unique academic experience and it starts with a university-wide focus on relationships, individual development, and guaranteed personal attention that truly sets our private college apart.
Our focus in the college of engineering is on teaching, not research, and bringing the game changing nature of engineering to life, wouldn't be possible without our passionate, dedicated professors that love teaching engineering and computer science. There is nothing more important to our professors than the success of their students in our programs.


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Quick Links
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For many families, the mother's love is what ties everyone together and keeps relationships strong and healthy. Celebrate your mother with this Custom Birthstone Sterling Silver Mother's Love Knot Ring! The knotted setting is held together with a band of three birthstones, custom selected to represent the most important people in your life. With the shine of sterling silver and sparkle of the stones, this ring truly captures the elegance of the woman in your life.
Eve's Addiction.com wants you to be a happy customer. We want you to be completely satisfied with the sterling silver jewelry that you receive from us, as we only sell high quality silver and cubic zirconia cz jewelry. We do understand that you may not like your purchase for some reason.
You may return or exchange your jewelry within 60 days of purchase if you are not satisfied with it. The jewelry must be returned in its original condition for a refund or exchange. Engraved, personalized, photo, monogram, name and initial, chocolate and clearance items are not returnable or exchangeable.


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Sports Around The County
(Week of November 26th - December 2nd)
• Basketball •
Antlers Public School
November 28th - December 2nd: Antlers 8th Grade at Antlers Tournament starting time TBA
November 29th: Season Opener vs. Talihina starting at 6:30 p.m. (HOME)
December 1st: Antlers High School @ Atoka starting at 6:30 p.m.
December 2nd: Antlers High School vs. Wilburton starting at 6:30 p.m. (HOME)
Moyers Public School
November 28th - December 2nd: Antlers Tournament in Antlers starting time TBA
On Friday, November 18, 2011, the Antlers Chapters of the ESA was pumping gas for donations at the Shell in Antlers. ESA members arrived frist thing Friday morning and began pumping gas at 6:00 a.m. and continued on into the afternoon. All donations collected will go to the St. Judes Children Hospital. The owners of Convenience Center , who also allowed the ESA to use their facilities, made a donation through the ESA to St. Judes as well.
On November 11, 2011 the Pushmataha County Sheriff Jimmy Duncan requested Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigations (OSBI) assistance into the investigation of the death of Garland Cogburn, 77, when they found him deceased in his residence. Missing from Cogburn's residence was his 1999 Buick Regal.
On November 12, 2011, OSBI Agent Steven Carter was contacted by Sara Parsons and she informed that Cogburn's vehicle had been at her residence since November 8, 2011, when her husband Robert Parsons, 48, arrived at the residence in the vehicle.
Carolyn Thomas, of Antlers, was recently inducted into the LRCA (Louisiana Rodeo Cowboys Association) Hall of Fame. Thomas made the LRCA Finals every year from 1969 - 1989 and was named the average winner at the finals twice. She was also the barrel racing director for two terms.
Oklahoma has a lot of deer. Estimated populations are anywhere from 550,000 to 650,000, so this year's rifle season harvest should be a good one, as far as total numbers go.
However, the quality of deer that hunters harvest may be slacking a little due to the extreme hot and dry weather over the summer and continuing into the fall, said Jerry Shaw, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation big game biologist.
Push 'N' Sports
(Week of November 21st - 25th)
Rattan Public School
No Sports - Thanksgiving Holiday
November 29th: Season Opener at HOME against Talihina starting at 6:00 p.m.
Clayton Public School
On Tuesday, November 15, 2011 the Antlers Public School children got to enjoy something that most from the Antlers area would have never expected to see in the community. The Oscar Mayer Wienermobile!!! Students got to take pictures with the vehicle and also got to go inside to take a tour of the interior of the mobile hotdog.
The term "hospice" (from the same linguistic root as hospitality) can be traced back to medieval times when it referred to a place or shelter and rest for weary or ill travelers on a long journey. The name was first applied to specialized care for dying patients in 1967 by physician Dame Cicely Saunders, who founded the first modern hospice, St. Christopher's Hospice in a residential suburb of London.
William Edward Allen, SR. was born September 12, 1921 in Antlers to James and Rose Allen. He passed from this life November 11, 2011 in Mesquite, TX., at the age of 90. Ed Allen was born and raised in Antlers and after several years, returned to the area. He proudly served his country in the United States Army during WWII. He also assisted in building the very first space shuttle. Ed married Glenna Gibson on October 17, 1942 in Norman and together they raised three children. He was an elder in the State College Church of Christ in Anaheim, CA., for forty years.
Garland Cogburn was born June 15, 1934 in Clayton to Joseph Franklin and Nellie Ann (Summers) Cogburn. He passed from this life November 11, 2011, in Antlers at the age of 77. Garland served his country in the United States Marines. He was a feisty person, and he enjoyed giving people a hard time and just being around others. Garland was in love with his daughter & grandchildren and loved his really cool son-in-law, Robert, as his own. He loved spending time with his family & friends.


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— USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack, May 2013
Many farmers and ranchers, especially smaller operations, are challenged by the lack of distribution and processing infrastructure of appropriate scale that would give them wider access to retail, institutional, and commercial foodservice markets, where demand for local and regional foods continues to rise. Food hubs can help. By offering a combination of production, aggregation, distribution, and marketing services, food hubs make it possible for producers to gain entry into new and additional markets that would be difficult or impossible to access on their own.
The USDA is committed to food hubs because we believe that food hubs offer strong and sound infrastructure support to producers across the country which will also help build a stronger regional food system. Here are some links to USDA's research, findings, and support of food hubs.
For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.


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International Studies Program
Global markets are growth areas for Georgia firms that do business worldwide, especially information technology companies. Atlanta is the global headquarters for diverse corporations, including CNN, Exide Technologies' Global Transportation Group, GE Power Systems, Internet Security Systems, Popeye's International training and operating systems, Worldspan, and Viewlocity. CARE, the worldwide relief organization, and LOMA, the international association of 1,250 insurance and financial service companies from 60 countries, are headquartered in Atlanta. Fortune Magazine's Global Most Admired Companies include three headquartered in Atlanta. Two—Home Depot and United Parcel Service—are also top performers in hiring.
International companies that have chosen Atlanta as their regional headquarters for the Americas include Digiquant (a provider of telecommunications management solutions) and Omnexus (a global e-market place serving the plastics industry. In a 2001 survey of senior 500 executives rating the best cities to locate technology-related businesses, Atlanta ranks second. The most important attribute considered is the availability of a large pool of skilled, experienced, technical talent.
S.P.S.U.'s major in International Studies prepares students well for the global marketplace and society of the future. Indeed, whether people work within or outside the United States, many positions today require excellent communication skills, informed experience with given areas of technology, and cross-cultural competencies. As the world grows ever smaller, these skill sets will become ever more in demand.
Professionals in diverse fields use these abilities to analyze, communicate about, and work comfortably within the infrastructures of global business. By developing a broad knowledge base, Southern Polytechnic graduates serve as critical resources for Georgia's businesses, as well as a whole host of alternative career centers.
Possible career fields include: international business, the travel industry, transportation, government, non-governmental organizations, public policy, and intelligence. This degree is excellent preparation for law school and other advanced degrees.
Curriculum for the International Studies Majoreffective Fall 2013
Curriculum for the International Studies Minoreffective Fall 2013
For more information, directly by phone: 678-915-7442 or email or Contact the International Studies Program Coordinator,
Dr. Thomas Rotnem


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Sex Tips: The Underrated Sex Moves You're Not Trying (but Should)
Sex Tips: The Underrated Sex Moves You're Not Trying (but Should)
The best sex moves aren't always the craziest. Some of the simplest, most basic tricks can be the most memorable—not to mention the most satisfying. These are the toe-curling, mind-boggling sex tips to spice up your repertoire ASAP.SEE MORE
Sex Tip: Undress Yourself
"This is the single most effective way to get any man's attention," says Lauren Frances, love coach and author. "Stand directly in front of him, yet far enough away so that he can't reach you, and slowly remove one piece of clothing at a time." Think teasing, tantalizing, tempting. To drive the point home and be extra playful, "alternate between looking him in the eye and looking away."
Sex Tip: Tie Him Up
Your guy may not see his favorite paisley tie as a turn-on, but this otherwise innocent item has the makings of a fabulous sex toy. "Slowly remove it from his neck and blindfold him," says Frances. Or better yet, "use it to tie his hands behind his back or to a bed post while telling him exactly what you're going to do to him."
Sex Tip: Nibble His Ear
The ears are an often-overlooked erogenous zone. Just a light nibble on this sensitive part can send shivers down a man's spine. "It gets you worked up because you know there's more to come," says Justin, 29. "It's also a good excuse for her to talk dirty…and show you what she can do with her tongue." Start by whispering something sexy or lightly licking the edge of your guy's ear. If he responds well, gently nibble on the outer edge or lobe a few times during your next make-out session to really get him in the mood for more.
Sex Tip: Get on Top
Many women lie on their backs when receiving oral sex, but getting on top can be a big turn-on for both you and your guy. "I love it when a woman crawls up my body, eventually putting her hands on the wall in front of her," says Matthew, 27. This position allows you to control the angle and pressure and allows him to lie back and enjoy the view—not to mention that both of his hands are completely free. As for your hands, follow Matthew's advice to make it extra hot: "Don't let your hands leave the wall till you're done."
Sex Tip: Hold Hands
It may sound cheesy, but holding hands is a simple way to build intimacy and make so-so sex more exciting, says sexologist Yvonne K. Fulbright, M.S.Ed., Ph.D. The hands are packed with nerve endings, and touching someone you love instantly sends happy signals to both your brains. To make the act work in the bedroom, try interlacing your fingers with his while in the missionary position (rest the back of your hands on the pillow or bed behind you). The more parts of your body you keep connected, the more intimate the act will feel.
Sex Tip: Give a Butt Massage
Many of us have given or received a light spank, but not nearly as many have experienced an actual butt rub. "A massage during foreplay or sex can bring the nerves in the groin area alive and feel really amazing," says Fulbright. If your guy is exhausted, offer to give him a back massage and simply continue the action down all the way to his cheeks. The novelty of it (as well as the indirect stimulation of some of his most sensitive spots) will get him in the mood quickly.
Sex Tip: Delay Gratification
"People are often so goal-oriented during sex and so caught up in the feel-good sensations that it can be hard to back off," says Fulbright. When your sex life becomes routine (ahem, couples everywhere), make a point to take some breaks along the way, and your end result will be even more satisfying. "Couples need to learn how to slow [down] or stop action without getting bored," Fulbright says. Tell your guy to let you know when he's feeling the tension build—as in, before he reaches his peak—then take a breather by stopping the action for a deep kiss, changing positions or switching to a few moments of oral sex before returning to the act. Once you've done this several times and are finally ready to reach the finish, it will be bigger and better than if you raced directly there.
Sex Tip: Touch Yourself
Sure, you've probably done it in private, but stimulating yourself in front of a partner can really improve your sex life. "It's a play-by-play manual for your partner," says Sonia Borg, Ph.D., sex coach and clinical sexologist. "Also, there is some liberation to be discovered after getting through the initial discomfort of pleasuring yourself in front of another." In other words, the act will bring you closer and school your man in how you like to be touched. Talk about a win-win. Tip: If you're shy, ask your guy to kiss you during the act so it doesn't feel so much like a one-woman show. Trust us: It won't take long before he wants to join in.
Sex Tip: Focus on His Arousal
"Most women think that men want to get straight to sex," says Borg. And since it's so easy for men to get turned on, many women don't spend much time or effort in the foreplay department. Apparently, that's our bad. "When we are highly aroused, everything is more sensitive," Borg explains. "Men want to feel their desire for you." To give him a dose of desire he'll definitely feel, turn up the heat by watching a few minutes of porn together before you even begin kissing or sending him a steamy e-mail detailing how badly you want him. If you're really feeling generous, tell him to his face—but make sure to resist his advances just long enough until he's ready to rip off your clothes.
When the mood strikes you, start to take off your clothes (and his), but don't get fully naked. Leave your bra on, and hike up your skirt or dress without removing it. He'll feel like you just can't wait to have him right there, right then.


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Not trying to go "Tin Foil."
America is the greatest Country in the damn world.
Bill "0" on a Fox interview, had a professor and a woman travel the world, asking forign students what they liked and disliked about America.
Open opinions. Quite interesting.
But at the end he asked.
"Did you ask them if they would like too move too America."
"Well no, we did not."
While in Cambodia and Thailand. I talked too the kids. All, to a person, wanted to come too the U.S..
"The streets are paved with gold."
Ironically, they were all working and making money off us tourists.
Real nice kids. No T.V. which they had.
But work too support their families. Work.
They were in paradise and did not understand it.
I am getting old and tired.
But I look at the debt clock for you youngguns.
Like a mad man with a run-away credit card.
It is slowly reaching critical mass.
The bill is coming due. It can not keep going.
Please pray for a solution. We have problems.


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Renovations to the Knox County Courthouse will, at some point, get an important financial boost from an outgoing Knox County Board member.
Amtrak Offers Extra Trains for Thanksgiving
CHICAGO (AP) — Amtrak will run extra trains in Illinois on Nov. 30 to help customers get home after feasting at Grandma's house.
Knoxville Principal Braves Weather For Book Challenge
Three Sentenced as Part of Federal Meth Investigation
Three Knox County residents arrested last year for taking part in an expansive methamphetamine-making operation have pleaded guilty.
Teen Fit to Stand Trial on Sex Charges
A Galesburg teenager has been found fit to stand trial on charges accusing him of sexually assaulting a younger teen.
Arraignment Hearings Set in ATM Burglary Cases
Three people will be arraigned in the coming several weeks on charges connected to an alleged string of burglaries committed throughout Knox County between mid-August and mid-October.
Galesburg School Board Committee Approves Levy Increase and Wants More
Planning and Zoning Commission Pushes Business to Be Brought Up to Code
The owner of Pookie's Pet Style Grooming and Gifts, Amy Haynes, spoke with the Galesburg Planning and Zoning Commission last night regarding several requests she made about the state of her property.
Galesburg Man Pleads Guilty to Federal Meth Charge
PEORIA, Ill. (AP) — A Galesburg man faces 20 years to life in prison after pleading guilty to federal methamphetamine charges.
Sitka Salmon Celebrates Honor
Sitka Salmon, which started here in Galesburg at the Sustainable Business Center is not only gearing up to celebrate three years of service, but they're celebrating a big deal honor.


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Assistant District Attorney Keagan Waystack told the court Jan. 31 that three warrants had been issued for Clifford James Wheat. The defendant was charged with two counts of child molestation and one count of aggravated child molestation.
She added that the crimes were against three different children.
Superior Court Judge Trent Brown heard the motion.
Wheat's attorney, Morris Carr, stated his client is 26 years of age and a lifetime resident of the area. He said the incidents for which Wheat is charged occurred months ago, and they were isolated. Carr said his client has no criminal history.
The attorney added that the biggest issue concerning the bond is that Wheat has ENT problems and is suffering from a chronic ear infection.
For the full story, pick up a copy of this week's newspaper or subscribe to our e-Edition at http://ee.jcnews.com.


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Find the Support You Need for Your Printer:
Contact Brother by Email, Chat or Phone
Get the Latest Drivers, Software Updates, Manuals, FAQs, Videos and More!
Locate a Brother Authorized Service Center to provide support on your Brother products.
Monochrome Laser Printer with Convenience Copying and Color Scanning for Small OfficesThe Brother™ HL-2280DW is a versatile monochrome laser printer that features fast printing at up to 27 pages per minute, plus convenience copying and color scanning capabilities. It also offers automatic duplex printing for producing professional two-sided output and built-in wireless and Ethernet interfaces for sharing with others on your network. The HL-2280DW provides flexible paper handling via an adjustable, 250-sheet capacity tray, and its stylish, space-saving design fits virtually anywhere. To help lower your operating costs, a high-yield replacement toner cartridge‡ is available.
PCMag.com Readers' Choice Award is a trademark of Ziff Davis. Used under licenses.
Spend Less for More Pages with new Brother™ Business Smart™ Lineup Expansion
Brother Dealer Carrie Jarvis Inducted as National Certified Sewing Educator at VDTA/S...
Sixth Annual Brother Small Business Survey Shows Majority of Small Business Owners ar...


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Germany Photos
Here is a collection of old, vintage photographs of Germany. These include street scenes, political and military photos, and others.
Photochrom or Photochrome is a colorizing process combining photography and color lithography. Photochrome may also refer to the modern age of color postcards in America. Photochrom is used to create a color print from a black and white photo negative, using between four and fourteen lithograph stones, made from rocklike substances, to colorize the print with several different inks.
Early 1900s Berlin Germany Street Scene Photo
Early 1900s Taxi Automobile in Berlin Germany Photo
Early 1900s Hotel Adlon & US Embassy Berlin Germany Photo
Early 1900s Berlin Germany Street Scene Photo
Early 1900s Zeppelin III Flight Berlin, Germany Photo
Early 1900s Teddy Roosevelt at Train Station Berlin Germany Photo