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Details and Shopping
Customer Favorite
Colorfully woven wool blend scarf with leather and thread fringe trimming at each end. An eclectic touch of pattern and texture for those chilly nights!
*Body - 50% Cotton, 50% Wool
*Trimming - Leather and Thread Fringe
*84" (including fringe) x 27"
*Body - 50% Cotton, 50% Wool
*Trimming - Leather and Thread Fringe
*84" (including fringe) x 27"
Rated 3.7 out of 5Â by 17 reviewers.
Rated 3 out of 5Â by pancake Pictured wrong I ordered both colors for this scarf and neither look anything like their pictures. They are both still very beautiful though. I ordered the pink one for myself and there is hardly any pink on it. The leather fringe is a turquoise blue with thin pink and dark green strings attached to them and the body of the scarf has a white, blue and purple color scheme to it. The red one is more brown (brown fringe) with yellows and purples. I am keeping the "pink" one and giving the other as a christmas present even though I would LOVE to keep them both. I gave this product 3 stars because they aren't pictured right but still very pretty. 11.30.2012
Rated 2 out of 5Â by Topo misleading photography (again) I'm getting tired of ordering stuff on this site and getting something different. The scarf is brown tones. Not red and burgundy and the tassels are really short and brown with pink threads. Nothing like the vibrant scarf pictured. Not only that, but I ordered it in July and just got it today!!!!! 4 MONTHS LATER! The fact that it was on backorder and they STILL couldn't get the colour right is just disturbing. Probably sending this back. But since I live in Canada it will cost me. So I have to pay for this inadequacy. I love Freeps, but really? Arrrgh. 11.14.2012
Rated 4 out of 5Â by kirstenavaneil Beautiful Scarf but Disappointed in Color This is a stunning, well-made and gorgeous piece; however, I specifically purchased it because I was entranced with the red leather fringe, in combination with the pink threads. The leather on the one I received is brown. It is a much more muted and sophisticated scarf than I had anticipated. I had wished it to have an edge of funk and pizazz, and - rather - my grandmother could wear it with ease. I kept it and will wear it with pride, but it is a let-down from what I expected. 9.23.2012
Rated 5 out of 5Â by NinjaGirl Buy this NOW!!! This has got to be the most AMAZING scarf ever on FP! I wasn't sure what to expect, but it really did impress me when I removed it from the wrapper. It is heavy, but not in a bad way. It will definitely keep you warm as a scarf, but it has enough weight and width to even wear as a shawl! I ordered it in the pink colorway, and it looks exactly as it does online except the beads are more luminescent like a natural pearl color. It is heavily textured, not see thru or sheer, and it has amazing embroidery and several large "mirrors" (actually they look like large square sequins) along the borders. The leather fringe is soft and swingy. Love this so much that I am going to order it in red, too! 8.29.2012
Rated 3 out of 5Â by babeebrite Nice scarf...bad quality on fringe ok this is an overall nice scarf. So why did I return it today? Well first of all when I got it, already one of the fringes was off in the bag and some strings as well. ok that wasn't a too big of deal. So I decided to wear it one night... on the ground later in the evening was another fringe that had fallen off! Now I'm upset! had i paid $20, I wouldn't have cared so much. I tried to reattach them and upon inspection of the beads I noticed the color was chipping off of them! I got the red one so my cheap red beads were chipping off to white! That was when I said good bye to this beautifully pictured scarf! 11.28.2012
Rated 2 out of 5Â by Margepie Not worth the money I am keeping this scarf over much deliberation. When I finally got this thing after 2 months of waiting and a lot of screwing up my bank account I was looking forward to something really special and unique and was definitely disappointed. I thought it would be thicker and double sided like some other scarves I have seen in this price point but, it is almost forever 21 quality. I'm no millionaire so, when I spend close to 70 bucks on a scarf I'm looking for something wonderful. It is nice but not as nice as it should be at 68 bucks. Knock it down about 40 bucks and I'd say that is about right. Oh, and the fringe is brown and not as heavy as it appears on the screen. 11.23.2012
Rated 1 out of 5Â by heatherooo0 Such a disappointment.... Looks absolutely nothing like the photo. I understand these will all have differences, but it looks funky, and edgy in the photo and in person, it looked like my grandmother's old rug. The fringe was brown and tangled. The threads were frayed. I am 19, not 50. Definitely not worth the money, and very deceiving photo. 10.5.2012
Rated 5 out of 5Â by Hoopingmtnmama gorgeous! I absolutely love this scarf, the details, weight and colors are just right. In the photo the leather fringe looks red to me, however the scarf I received has brown leather fringe. I like it even more :) This one is definitely worth the money! 9.10.2012
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(CONCORD, N.C.) – WKA Live is back in action this weekend with coverage of the Barnes Paving Nationals for the RLV Tuned Exhaust Products Gold Cup Series at Jacksonville, Fla.'s 103rd Street Sports Complex.
Live coverage on WorldKarting.com begins Friday with the Animal Heavy Money Race, which runs after practice. The Money Race usually begins around 5:30 p.m. Friday at Gold Cup nationals.
Saturday and Sunday feature full days of racing, including one round of morning practice, qualifying, heats and main events. A full slate of 16 national classes is on tap for Saturday before 17 divisions take the green flag Sunday.
Live coverage of this weekend's race will include video, Race Monitor live timing and Cover It Live chat.
Be sure to tune in to WKA Live Friday evening for the Animal Heavy Money Race and throughout the course of Saturday and Sunday for 4-cycle and 2-cycle national sprint racing.

subset: commoncrawl


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Find hotels & motels in Bulverde using the list below. Search for cheap and discounted hotel and motel rates in or near Bulverde, TX for your business or personal leisure travel. We list the best Bulverde, Texas motel and hotel rooms. Browse the Bulverde area hotels to find the perfect lodging! Please use the provided map of the Bulverde hotels.The Bulverde center point is about 7 miles from TPC San Antonio and 7 miles from Natural Bridge Caverns.
Bulverde Hotels & Accommodations
Next 20 Bulverde Hotels > [1 - 20 of 50]
Next: See My Bulverde Hotels with Pricing >


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"Who Draws the Lines? Will the Supreme Court Strike Down Independent Redistricting Commissions?" with Peter Gentala, counsel to the Arizona House of Representatives, and Mary O'Grady P'15, counsel to the Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission (12:00 p.m. program)
Monday, April 6, Lunch at 11:30 a.m.
Michael Greve, professor of law, George Mason University; adjunct scholar, American Enterprise Institute; author, The Upside-Down Constitution (2012) and co-author, Citizenship in America and Europe: Beyond Nation-State? (2009)
Monday, April 20
Featured Projects
Video Voter
Presents balanced and objective information to voters about upcoming California initiatives in short videos.
The Miller Initiative Database
Provides information on all statewide initiatives adopted by voters in the United States from 1904 through 2013.
The Kosmont Cost of Doing Business Survey
This annual survey collects and analyzes data on fees, taxes, costs, and incentives that contribute to the cost of doing business in cities in the western United States.


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Giro 2013 Women's Sheer Snow Helmet
$115.93 $160.00*
Save $44.07 (28%)
Product Information:
The Giro® Women's Sheer Snow Helmet delivers the fit and comfort you need, along with style that will make you the envy of all the girls on the mountain. The In Form Fit system allows you to customize your sizing to accommodate your unique head shape and the shape of your goggles. The Super Cool vents are designed to keep cool air flowing in and hot, stale air out of your helmet, so you can stay out all day long.
In Form™ Sizing:
- In Form™ Fit System allows you to easily adjust the sizing up to 6 cm using the ergonomically designed dial at the base of the helmet (even with gloves on!). The vertical tuning feature allows you to accommodate varying goggle & head shapes.
- Stack Vent™ in the center of the helmet helps to keep your goggles fog-free
- Super Cool™ vents push heat and stale air out of the helmet while pulling in cool, fresh air to help regulate your temperature and keep you comfortable.
- In-mold construction allows better ventilation for a lighter & cooler helmet. The durable polycarbonate outer shell is fused to the impact-absorbing foam liner.
- Certification: ASTM 2040/CE EN1077
- Compatible with all after-market TuneUps systems
- Giro
In Form™ Sizing:
- Small: 52-55.5 cm
- Medium: 55.5-59 cm
Country of Origin: ChinaWeb ID: 15210506
Customer Reviews:
Rated 5 out of 5�by 1 reviewer.
Rated 5 out of 5�by szigler Looks good! I haven't used the helmet yet (it's only September). It arrived and I was really excited. Nice color, seems to fit really well, even with my goggles. Comfortable and not heavy. I was worried it wouldn't fit because my head is 51cm but you can dial it down pretty small. Can't wait to try it out!! October 1, 2014
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Gallery: Middle school football championship
The Cabell County Middle School football championship trophy now rests in Huntington's Southside. Quarterback Jadon Hayes and receiver Isaiah Thornhill proved to be the perfect pass-catch combination as Hayes tossed three touchdown passes to Thornhill to power Huntington Middle School to a 38-6 victory over Milton in the county's middle school championship game Tuesday night at Huntington High's Bob Sang Stadium.
The Herald-Dispatch welcomes your comments on this article, but please be civil. Avoid profanity, obscenity, personal attacks, accusations of criminal activity, name-calling or insults to the other posters. Herald-dispatch.com does not control or monitor comments as they are posted, but if you find a comment offensive or uncivil, hover your mouse over the comment and click the X that appears in the upper right of the comment. If you do not want your comment to post to your personal Facebook page, uncheck the box below the comment.


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SwaddleDesigns Hooded Towels are perfect for keeping baby warm and cozy after bath time or a day at the pool. A stylish, functional and fun everyday essential, it is made with 100% cotton terry velour with satin trim. Premium terry velour is extremely soft and super absorbent to keep baby's skin dry and warm.
- Turkish Terry Velour with silky satin trim
- Machine washable
- Dimensions: 30 x 30 in
- Made in the USA


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Stimulate the imagination for creative playtime with the Train 5' Tunnel by Pacific Play Tents. This tunnel is designed for crawling around. Just connect several together to create a maze or add a coordinating Train House Tent for added fun. Tunnels promote the use of your child's imagination, help develop motor skills and muscle strength and will ensure hours of playtime fun. Tunnel is half nylon and half mesh, great for keeping an eye on the kids.
- 70 denier, 190T polyester taffeta with P.U. coating
- Flame retardant, meets CPAI-84 & ASTM F963 safety standards
- Sturdy spring steel construction, interior padding for safety and comfort
- Collapses flat for easy storage
- Easy cleaning with a damp cloth and mild soap
- Dimensions: 5' long x 19" diameter
Shipping Note: This item ships directly from the manufacturer within contiguous United States only. Cannot be shipped to AK/HI, PO boxes, US territories, or APO/FPO addresses.


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Marshmallow shooter kits with all PVC pieces pre-cut are available in the Instructables store!
This project appears in print as part of Best of Instructables Volume 1.
Instructions are here for the Soda Bottle Safety Goggles.
Step 1: Plans
(22 inches of 1/2 PVC pipe (1/2 is a the nominal diameter, its actual outer diameter is closer to 7/8 inch), 2 end caps, 2 three way junctions, and 2 elbows.)
Step 2: Cut the PVC to length
Hacksawing is a good choice for this step; here is a How to Hacksaw tutorial.
Step 4: Test
Point the gun in a safe direction. Load a minimarshmallow into the mouth piece, seal your lips to the mouthpiece, and give the gun a quick burst of air.
Yes, the marshmallow does go around all those curves. Pretty cool, huh?!
Keep your ammunition sealed. Dry marshmallows don't work very well.
Clean up your marshmellows when you're done. Especially, don't leave any around roads: they will attract animals to be hit by cars.
This posting has won today's I Made It Challenge. For that you will recieve a 3 month pro membership!
These are sooo much fun!!! My kids have hours of fun with these!! Awesome stocking stufferhttps://www.etsy.com/listing/204577606/camo-marshmallow-shooter-gun-launches?ref=shop_home_feat_1
I made this, my advice... take the front handle bar turn upside down, take of the end cap carefully fill with marshmallows, put end cap back on, blow if you did it right you will have a machine gun marshmallow gun
I made mine a little different. It shoots a little too far for indoor fun.
This instructable is the reason I joined instructables! used the commic as plans for a cub scout project. This was a big hit!
I made 24 of these with my 2 inventor's lab classes today...ages 7-14.
Remember, "It's only fun until somebody loses an eye."
Oh, crap. Now I sound like a boring old parent :-(


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Stamina Pilates Magic Circle - This professional grade Magic Circle can be used alone as demonstrated in the accompanying video or added to your pilates reformer workout. This Magic Circle features form molded grips to fit comfortably against your body with a nonporous, molded padding that resists moisture. The Pilates Magic Circle was created by Joseph Pilates to be a versatile exercise aid you can use anywhere. The soft rubber ring provides resistance for faster, more targeted toning, improving muscle strength throughout the body...especially in problem areas like the inner and outer thighs, upper arms, and chest. The comprehensive, easy-to-follow instructional video demonstrates how the Pilates progressive fitness system, can help you sculpt and reshape your body the Pilates way!
Shipping Included
Shipping cost included within the lower 48 states only
Ships via UPS


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Details and Shopping
Customer Favorite
Beautifully patterned wool coat with oversized collar. Lined. An easy and eye-catching cover up for those days that are feeling sort of blah.
*By Otis & Maclain
*Dry Clean Only
Measurements for Size Small:
Length: 29 1/2"
Bust (all around): 42"
Sleeve Length: 26"
*By Otis & Maclain
*Dry Clean Only
Measurements for Size Small:
Length: 29 1/2"
Bust (all around): 42"
Sleeve Length: 26"
Rated 2.9 out of 5Â by 7 reviewers.
Rated 1 out of 5Â by roxyjen very disappointed about the model of the jacket after waiting a lot of time before receiving my jacket... cause it had been hold by customs... i finally got it but was a big disappointment... looks very cheap material... does not look like the picture ... totally different shape ... and the lining of the jacket on the sleeves is coming out....i made some fotos so that you can see what i mean... 12.12.2012
Rated 4 out of 5Â by MDwrites Too heavy for the south :( Love this coat but sadly it is just too heavy for Florida. I had to try. Just can't spend that kind of money on a coat that I will only wear a handful of times. It is gorgeous! Recommend for anyone living up North. 9.12.2012
Rated 3 out of 5Â by tubbychubson Didn't meet expectations The colors in the coat are absolutely beautiful, just as they appear in the pictures. It is not a long coat as i thought it had seemed from some of the pictures but falls just below the hips. The collars on the coat sit well. The only problem for me, is as someone else mentioned that there is far too much extra material in the coat. I ordered the small but would've done well with an XS if the coat had only come in the size. The extra material all falls to the back of the coat and sticks out from the top to the bottom like a tent, you can actually sort of see this in the back shot picture of the coat (there is a shadow on her dress). The material is similar to that of cloth so after time it will take shape and will sit better. Its a great coat for layering, there's plenty of room. Light material not warm enough for the cold winter in Ireland. 10.30.2012
Rated 1 out of 5Â by Shellllle Disappointed I was SO excited about this jacket because the lookbook picture is absolutely amazing. However, once it arrived (I had to order online), I was disappointed. The size is huge and the fit is a-line/flared that I could probably fit 2 of me in it (I'm 5'2, petite, and had purchased a S). Also, the material is itchy and rough (thankfully it's lined!). I was also surprised by the light weight of the jacket, unsuitable for the colder weather that I live in. Lastly, there are no pockets, which was the least of my worries, but worth mentioning. It's too bad though because I still think it looks so ridiculously cool in the picture. 10.15.2012
Rated 3 out of 5Â by gs007 nice colors - too much material The wool is much more colorful than the photos but it is itchy as another reviewer mentioned. It also has a wide cut and a lot of material on the sides. I probably needed an XS but that size was not available. I think if it was cut slimmer it would be a much better fit. Debating on keeping it for the great colors. It doesn't look much like the photo in person. 10.12.2012
Rated 5 out of 5Â by chrsnkrn LOVE IT!!! This jacket is so fabulous! I love the color and really think the fit is flattering. This jacket is perfect for layering. I can't say enough about how much I love how it hangs. I hope they get this jacket in more colors! 9.20.2012
Rated 3 out of 5Â by sailin11 Pretty colors, but terrible fit I usually buy size S. This was huge on me. The material is rough quality wool, but part of the inside and the arms are lined. There are no button or fasteners. The collars don't quite sit like it does on the model. The way it folds is not flattering.The colors are beautiful. 9.11.2012
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Women's Tennis
Duke Women's Tennis BIO
Beatrice Capra
2013-14: ITA All-American … All-ACC first team selection … ACC Player of the Week (Feb. 11) … amassed an overall record of 30-10, including an 11-7 mark in dual matches and a 5-4 ledger in conference play … concluded season as the ITA's fifth-ranked singles player in the nation … remained in the top 10 throughout entire spring campaign … ranked as high as No. 3 during the season … named to the CollegeTennisOnline.com female college tennis players to watch in 2014 … reached elite eight at the Riviera/ITA All-American on Oct. 4 … claimed ITA Carolina Regional singles title after defeating the second-seeded Hayley Carter of North Carolina, 3-6, 6-4, 6-4 … closed the fall campaign by winning the ITA National singles consolation title and posted a 15-2 singles mark … defeated No. 2 Jamie Loeb of North Carolina, 6-4, 6-4, on Feb. 8 at the ITA Indoors Championship, helping the Blue Devils advance to the semifinal round … routed No. 44 Veronica Corning, 6-3, 6-2, of Northwestern to clinch the Blue Devil victory over the Wildcats … won her then team-best 24th singles match of the season over Alexandra Stanova of Maryland, 6-0, 6-2, to clinch the Duke victory over the Terrapins … helped the Blue Devils advance to the quarterfinals of the ACC Championship by clinching the victory over No. 46 Wake Forest after defeating Andrea Retolaza, 6-3, 6-0 … concluded singles season by reaching the quarterfinal round of the NCAA Championship ... went 19-8 against ranked singles opponents … paired with Hanna Mar in doubles for majority of season … the duo concluded the season fourth overall on the ITA doubles list … the pair compiled a 23-7 overall mark, including 17-4 in duals and 5-2 in the ACC … upset USC's No. 3 Brynn Boren and Zoe Katz, 6-3, advancing the Duke duo to the semifinal round of the Freeman Memorial Championship … concluded season by reaching the doubles semifinal round in the NCAA Tournament … the duo compiled a 12-5 record against ranked doubles opponents … upheld a 12-match winning streak from March 26 through May 15.
2012-13: Did not compete.
Prior to Duke: Rated as the No. 1 overall prospect by tennisrecruiting.net ... finished in second place at the 2011 U.S. Open wild card playoff ... qualified for the 2011 Family Circle Cup ... won 2010 U.S. Open wild card playoff and earned automatic bid to the U.S. Open where she advanced to the third round before falling to 2006 champion Maria Sharapova ... reached the quarterfinals of the 2010 French Open ... won a $10,000 tournament in 2009 in Williamsburg, Va. ... won the 2009 USTA Spring National Championships in Mobile, Ala. ... reached the semifinals of the 2009 USTA National Championships in Berkley, Calif. ... won the 2008 Jerry Simmons Pan American Closed Championship ... reached the finals at the 2008 National Clay Court Championships ... reached the finals at the 2008 U.S. Junior International Grass Court Championships.
Beatrice Photos:
Beatrice Videos:
Duke Athletics Teams
Athletic Department
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An electronic device on a plastic substrate, at least one side of the device being protected from reaction with or incorporation of moisture by a composite barrier. The composite barrier may contain, for example, multiple layers of transparent conductive oxide separated by one or more vacuum-evaporated in-situ polymerized organic layers, or may contain multiple barrier layers of transparent conductive oxide, transparent metal, or transparent conductive metal nitride, separated by at least one layer of organic dielectric polymer.
1. An article comprising a flexible plastic substrate having a coating comprising multiple layers of transparent conductive oxide separated by one or more continuous layers of in-situ polymerized dielectric polymer, the article being sufficiently flexible to be processable in a web coater and transparent when the conductive oxide layers are electrically connected in parallel.
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This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/939,008, filed Aug. 24, 2001, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/419,870 filed Oct. 18, 1999, now abandoned, which in turn claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/106,871, filed Nov. 2, 1998, all of which are incorporated by reference, including the original specification, first substitute specification, second substitute specification, and all attached Appendices of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/419,870
This invention relates to composite substrates for flat panel displays (FPDs), packaging materials and light sources (electro luminescence lamps) comprising a plastic substrate having thin film barrier and conductive layers, in particular, multiple thin alternating layers of metallic film, transparent conductive oxide (TCO), metal nitride, and organic polymers deposited over the plastic substrate.
The use of portable electronic devices incorporating flat panel displays is prevalent and increasing rapidly. Because of the portable nature of these devices, it is desired to minimize both the size and weight and maximize durability. The display portion of the device is generally larger and denser as compared to the rest of the device, and is manufactured on glass substrates. Accordingly, a smaller, lighter and more durable portable electronic device is most effectively achieved with a smaller, lighter and shatterproof electronic device display.
Despite being lightweight, plastic has not been considered a viable substrate material to be used for the manufacture of flat panel displays for multiple reasons. Most importantly, flat panel displays fabricated with plastic substrates tend to fail prematurely due to degradation of display medium (display matrix) and/or metallic electrodes. In particular, the display medium and some metallic electrodes become degraded when atmospheric oxygen and water vapor permeate the substrate and chemically degrade the active portion of the display matrix which is generally comprised of liquid crystals and/or light emitting devices. In addition, common optical quality plastic substrates, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate (PET), have limited thermal properties. In particular, there is a limited temperature range that allows useful optical quality (e.g. clarity, transparency, and uniform index of refraction) to be maintained, while maintaining the substrate's mechanical strength and properties.
The present invention is directed to the fabrication of flat panel displays on lightweight, flexible, plastic substrates. Because plastic substrates for FPDs are flexible, smaller and lighter than glass substrates, the electronic device with the plastic FPD is more portable, space-efficient and lightweight. In addition, electroluminescent and organic light emitting devices fabricated on flexible polymeric substrates in a coating process have lower manufacturing costs than those with glass substrates, and improved ruggedness.
A display medium of the flat panel display is sandwiched between two electrode layers. At least one of the electrodes is transparent for viewing of the display. The display medium is protected from oxidative or moisture degradation. In the present invention, at least one layer, having both barrier characteristics and the ability to function as an electrode, is deposited over the substrate. In particular, the layer has both low oxygen and water vapor permeability, and a low enough resistivity to function as an electrode for the display. For lower permeability and/or higher conductivity, multiple alternating layers of barrier materials and conductive materials are applied. In an alternative embodiment, the conductive layers (e.g. transparent conductive oxide layers) are in direct electrical contact. The barrier material includes at least one of an organic polymer, a transparent dielectric, a transparent metal nitride and/or a transparent conductive oxide. The conductive material includes at least one of a thin transparent conductive oxide, a thin transparent metallic film and/or a metal nitride.
Using a smoothing base coat layer over the plastic substrate imparts good optical quality throughout the substrate layers and provides a pristine surface for nucleation of the deposited barrier or conductive layer, e.g. TCO. The pristine surface smoothes over any surface roughness of the plastic substrate, thereby adding to the FPD lifetime and optical quality. Additionally, a hardcoat layer is applied over the substrate in lieu of or in addition to the smoothing basecoat layer.
The various described organic layers may be applied by many well known non-vacuum liquid coating processes, e.g. preferably by Gravure, or fabricated through a vacuum coating technique, e.g., preferably by a polymer multilayer (PML) coating process. Related desirable coating processes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,547,508, 5,395,644, 5,260,095, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/939,594, filed Sep. 29, 1997, entitled "Plasma enhanced chemical deposition with low vapor pressure compounds", now U.S. Pat. No. 6,224,948 and herein incorporated by reference, Thin Film Processes II, chapters II-2, 4, 5, and IV-1, edited by John L. Vossen and Wermer Kern, Academic Press, 1991, ISBN 0-12-728251-3, and Deposition Technologies for Films and Coatings, Developments and Applications, Rointan F. Bunshah et al., Chapters 5, 6, 8 and 9, Noyes Publications, 1982, ISBN 0-8155-0906-5.
The vacuum evaporation PML process may be used to deposit organic monomers over the plastic substrate. The organic monomer is then polymerized in-situ by electron beam or UV radiation. The PML process is compatible with physical vapor deposition processes for layers such as TCO layers. Both processes are carried out in combined sequences within a properly designed single vacuum chamber. However, multiple vacuum chambers may be used.
The PML deposited organic polymer layer is used to produce substrate surface smoothing and improve barrier coatings in the multilayer structure. The benefit of a smooth substrate surface is that there is a clean surface for adhesion, nucleation, and growth of a deposited conductive layer, e.g. a TCO. Additionally, a PML deposited organic polymer layer provides protection of an underlying barrier layer in order to minimize holes or other defects in the layer so that there is low permeability.
Neither a single layer barrier coating with a metal oxide layer such as thin film dielectric coatings of alumina or silica or other certain metal oxides, nor a plastic flat panel display with a thick metallic film layer having an optical density of greater than 2.0, renders low enough permeability for the processing and manufacture of plastic flat panel displays with acceptable lifetimes. Even where multiple layers of dielectrics, metals or the combination thereof are used, the improvement in performance is minimal. In order to provide barrier properties sufficient for optical quality plastic flat panel displays, a transparent dielectric barrier, such as SiO2-x or Al2O3-y, is deposited over a plastic substrate. When dielectric layers are combined with PML deposited organic polymer layers, outstanding barrier properties are achieved on flexible plastic substrates. Alternatively to the dielectric layer, a barrier coating of ITO (called "indium tin oxide", which is actually "tin doped indium oxide," a mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide) or another TCO barrier is deposited over the substrate. In yet another alternative embodiment, both TCO barrier layers and PML processed organic polymer layers are deposited over the plastic substrate. Moreover, in yet another alternative, both TCO barrier layers with PML processed organic polymer layers and the transparent dielectric barrier layers are deposited over the plastic or polymeric substrate. Multilayer structures of such organic and inorganic layers deposited over a plastic substrate exhibit significantly improved barrier properties as compared to inorganic, organic, or metallic layers alone.
In an embodiment, a PML processed top coat polymer layer is applied before the previously deposited layer contacts a surface, such as a roller, thereby protecting the previously deposited layer. The PML processed top coat greatly enhances the exclusion of moisture (water vapor) and atmospheric gases that chemically degrade the display medium and decrease the device performance, even though the polymer topcoat is not, itself, a good barrier material.
Metal oxide dielectric barriers have previously been deposited by evaporation, sputtering, and chemical vapor deposition processes onto glass substrates. However, for achieving metal oxide thin films with bulk material-like properties on glass substrates, a high temperature deposition method is used, which would melt the plastic substrate, thereby negatively impacting the mechanical properties of the plastic substrate. In the present invention, the PML process used for depositing an organic dielectric does not require such high temperatures and therefore does not significantly alter the mechanical properties of the plastic substrate. However, organic polymer layers alone do not provide substantial barrier properties, particularly against water vapor.
When TCOs are deposited at low temperatures to accommodate the thermal and mechanical limits of the substrate, for example, by magnetron sputtering, electron-beam evaporation or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), the subsequent TCO coatings have less than bulk conductivity, i.e. low overall levels of conductivity. TCO films with a larger thickness deposited through these methods achieve acceptable conductive levels for portable electronic devices. However, these thick films of TCO are subject to cracking, crazing and, in some instances, delamination from the substrate, especially when they are processed by a heat treatment step or a coating process involving mechanical rollers (e.g. web coating). Accordingly, the TCO coating is deposited in a series of thin, separated layers, yet still maintains high conductive levels. Multiple thin layers of TCO avoid the problems associated with thicker layers, and advantageously are electrically connected in parallel to provide adequate electrical performance characteristics.
The thin layers of TCO are preferably separated by layers deposited using the PML process, which leads to improved optical, electrical and mechanical performance. Superior surface properties (low surface roughness, and high optical quality), barrier properties (low vapor permeability) and mechanical properties result when TCO coatings are deposited by magnetron sputtering on a plastic substrate in combination with the PML process, e.g., by providing hydrogen in the plasma of the vacuum chamber used in the sputtering process of the TCO. Preferably, moderate annealing temperature conditions are used for TCO deposition. For example, the resistivity of ITO is a function of the oxygen and tin content, as well as the deposition conditions (e.g., temperature). Low temperature depositions yield high resistivity ITO layers. A low resistivity for the ITO layers is desired. The resistivity of ITO decreases with a thicker TCO layer. But as discussed previously, thick TCO layers are prone to cracking or crazing. Multiple thin layers of TCO, as described in the present invention, will not crack and will yield a lower resistivity. Moreover, the surface resistivity of a thin film of TCO in multiple layers is low for a given total film thickness, due to its improved microstructure.
In a first embodiment of the present invention, a polymer smoothing coating is deposited over the substrate. The smoothing coating is applied by a PML process or liquid coating. A TCO, metal nitride, or metal layer is then deposited over the smoothing layer. Additionally, multiple alternating layers of a protective polymer layer and an additional TCO, metal nitride, or metal layer are deposited. Preferably, the alternating layers are of the same material, e.g. TCO/polymer/TCO, etc.
In a second embodiment, multiple alternating layers of polymer layers and metal oxide or metal nitride are deposited over the substrate or a polymer smoothing coating layer. A TCO layer is then deposited over the top of multiple alternating layers. These multiple alternating layers together with the TCO have adequate barrier and conductivity characteristics.
In a third embodiment, a substrate is coated with a TCO layer, a metal coating, and another TCO layer. This three layer configuration is called "optically enhanced metal" and has similar characteristics as a single TCO layer. With the optically enhanced metal good conductivity, optical transmission and barrier properties are achieved. A metal nitride layer may be substituted for one or more of the metal coating or TCO layers in the optically enhanced metal configuration. For example, an optically enhanced metal configuration may be made from a TCO layer, a conductive metal nitride layer and another TCO layer, or from a silicon nitride layer, a metal layer and another metal nitride layer.
In a fourth embodiment, a substrate is alternatively coated with an inorganic layer (such as TCO, metal nitride, or dielectric metal oxides), and polymer layers to provide both barrier and conductive properties.
The aspects of the present invention described above in summary and below in more detail as well as various advantageous aspects will become appreciated as the same becomes better understood with reference to the specification, claims and drawings wherein:
A flat panel display (FPD)1, of the present invention as shown in
The displays are fabricated using plastic substrates such as various polyolefins, e.g. polypropylene (PP), various polyesters, e.g. PET and other polymers such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulphone (PES), polyestercarbonate (PC), polyetherimide (PEI), polyarylate (PAR), polyimide (PI), and polymers with trade names ARTON™ (Japanese Synthetic Rubber Co., Tokyo, Japan) and AVATREL™ (B.F. Goodrich, Brecksville, Ohio).
In the present invention, at least one layer, a conductive barrier layer 3 has both barrier characteristics (to protect the display medium and/or the metal electrode from oxidative degradation and reaction with or incorporation of moisture) and the ability to function as an electrode. The conductive barrier layer is deposited over the substrate to form a composite substrate, as shown in
As shown in the general embodiments of
There are a myriad of possibilities for materials comprising the sublayers of the conductive barrier layer.
In one embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In still another embodiment, the substrate is alternatively coated with an inorganic layer (such as the TCO layer or the dielectric metal oxide layer), and polymer layers to provide both barrier and conductive properties.
In another alternative embodiment, the dielectric layer replaces one or more TCO layers in the above described embodiments (see generally
Each TCO layer 22 of the above embodiments is a single TCO layer. Alternatively, the TCO layers in the Figures described above represent the thickness of two TCO layers from adjacent layers of "optically enhanced metal" of
Preferably, the metal layers that are in the alternating dyad pairs or in between the TCO, metal nitride, or dielectric layers, are thin. In addition, metal layers that are adjacent the display matrix, i.e. overlaying the dyad layers, have a greater thickness than the sandwiched metal layers.
Sublayer 3′ materials that provide transparent barrier properties are thin transparent metal oxides 16, and/or thin transparent metallic films 12, and/or thin metal nitrides 14, for example silicon nitride, and aluminum nitride. The polymer layer 24 enhances barrier properties by reducing the number of holes and defects in the films upon which or under which, they are deposited. The metal oxide layer 16 comprises the dielectric layer 17 and/or the transparent conductive oxide layer 22. Thicknesses for the barrier layers are in the nanometer and angstrom range. Thicknesses for the PML deposited layers are in the micron range. For example, improved barrier coating occurs when a PML deposited organic polymer layer (a base coat), and/or a metal oxide layer is placed over the plastic substrate. See Table 2, shown below in the section entitled "Results of Conducted Experiments".
Sublayer 3′ materials that provide conductive properties include the thin TCO layer 22, a thin transparent metallic film layer 12 (such as aluminum, silver, copper, gold, platinum, palladium, and alloys thereof), and the metal nitride layer 14 (such as transition metal nitrides, for example, nitrides of Group III and Group IV elements of the Periodic Table, e.g. gallium nitride, silicon nitride and titanium nitride). Thicknesses for the conductive layers are in the nanometer and angstrom range. Preferably the TCO is formed from multiple thin layers of TCO deposited with electrical contact to each other and separated by polymer layers, so that a low resistivity is achieved and the TCO functions as both the electrode and a barrier.
In the preferred embodiment, the PML processed base coat 20 is deposited over the substrate as shown in
Using the smoothing base coat layer over the plastic substrate imparts good optical and barrier quality throughout the substrate layers and provides a pristine surface for nucleation of the deposited TCO electrode layer. The basecoat smoothes over any surface roughness of the plastic substrate, thereby adding to the FPD lifetime and optical quality.
In an exemplary embodiment, one or more metal oxide layers are replaced with a TCO layer. When TCO coatings, including ITO, cadmium oxides (CdSn2O4, CdGa2O4, CdIn2O4, CdSb2O6, CdGeO4), tin oxides, indium oxides (In2O3: Ga, GaInO3 (Sn, Ge), (GaIn)2O3), zinc oxides (ZnO(Al), ZnO(Ga), ZnSnO3, Zn2SnO4, Zn2In2O5, Zn3In2O6), and/or magnesium oxides (MgIn2O4, MgIn2O4— Zn2In2O5) are deposited on the plastic substrate at a low temperature, they have an amorphous microstructure. Characteristics of the above TCO materials are shown below in Table A:
The amorphous structure and oxygen deficiency of the TCO theoretically allows the TCO coating to exhibit conductive properties and barrier properties similar to transparent dielectric barrier layers, such as nonstoichiometric types of silica or alumina. Also, because of the oxygen deficiency, the barrier layers gather the oxygen and keep the oxygen from passing through. Multiple thin layers of TCO function as both a transparent electrode and a transparent barrier layer. The benefit of using TCO alternating with metallic film layers, besides the beneficial barrier properties, is that all the layers of the structure are conductive, thus improving conductivity.
In the preferred embodiment, a suitable apparatus for coating the substrate with conductive and barrier layers is illustrated schematically in
A flash evaporator 43 is mounted in proximity to the drum at a first coating station. The flash evaporator deposits a layer or film of monomer, typically an acrylate, on the substrate sheet as it travels around the drum. After being coated with a monomer, the substrate sheet passes a radiation station where the monomer is irradiated by a source 44 such as an electron gun or source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The UV radiation or electron bombardment of the film induces polymerization of the monomer.
The sheet then passes coating station 46 where a coating of TCO is preferably applied by magnetron sputtering. The sheet then passes another flash evaporator 47 where another layer of monomer is deposited over the TCO layer. The sheet then passes radiation station 48 and the monomer is polymerized. Depending on whether a layer of monomer is above or below the TCO layer, either evaporator 43 or 47 is used. Clearly, if the TCO layer is to be sandwiched between layers of polymer, both evaporators and their respective radiation sources are used. In addition to magnetron sputtering, the TCO layer may be processed by one of thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and electron beam evaporation. Chemical vapor deposition is a high temperature process, and is therefore the least desirable for use with plastic substrates.
In an alternative embodiment, a liquid smoothing applicator 52 is mounted in proximity to the drum at a first coating station. The liquid smoothing applicator deposits a layer of monomer, e.g. acrylate, over the substrate. This layer of monomer is cured by irradiation from an ultraviolet or electron beam source 44 adjacent the drum (the positions of source 44 and applicator 52 are interchanged). Additionally, the sheet then passes coating station 46 where a coating of thin metal film, metal oxide, and/or metal nitride is applied by one of vacuum sputtering, vacuum metallizing, plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition, or electron beam evaporation. For example, silicon oxides is deposited by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process using a metal organic precursor and an oxidizing or inert carrier gas coating station 46 alternatively containing deposition sources.
The various layers described can be deposited in several processes in addition to vacuum coating techniques. For instance, the layers can be deposited through roll coating. Additionally, the layers can be deposited by an in line coating machine, whereby a conveyor belt runs the substrate to be coated past multiple coating stations. In a further alternative, the layers can be deposited by an intermittent motion machine. In yet another alternative, the layers are coated using a multitude of machines. For instance, the plastic substrate can first be coated through atmospheric roll coating with a cured polymer and subsequently coated by vacuum deposition, or liquid coated, such as Gravure coating.
For multiple layers of organic polymer coatings deposited in the PML process, take up reel 41, with the sheet wound thereon, functions as the pay out reel 37, and the process is repeated as desired by coating in both directions. For this alternative, additional curing stations are mounted on the opposite side of evaporators 43 or 47. The roll of sheet is removed from the vacuum system for use.
Transparent dielectric layers with good barrier properties and a high refractive index, such as metal oxides like titanium oxide or aluminum oxide, or metal nitrides such as silicon nitride or aluminum nitride, used in combination with thin, transparent metallic film layers provide a transparent conductive barrier coating. The metal oxide or metal nitride layers are deposited at specific thicknesses to optimize the optical performance (e.g. transmittance) of a particular display. Preferably, the thin metallic film layer is sandwiched in between layers of metal oxide or metal nitride. Multiple alternating layers of metal oxides or metal nitrides, with their barrier properties, and the highly conductive metallic film layers provide increased barrier performance and conductivity for a particular display medium.
The optical and electrical performance of transparent conductive oxide coatings are also improved by mildly heating the coated substrate during deposition or by post-annealing the coated substrate. As shown in the Experimental Results below, even though the PET substrate was heated to a moderate temperature of only 65░ C., the resistivity of the ITO was still low enough to effectively operate as an electrode, because of the multiple thin layers of ITO.
In an alternative embodiment, the thin conductive metal nitride layer is substituted for one or more thin metallic film layers, for example, for the metal layers in the "optically enhanced metal" (see
In another alternative embodiment, at least one of the metallic film layers in, for example, the "optically enhanced metal" is replaced with a polymer layer formed via the PML processes.
The plastic substrate for a flat panel display has a very low oxygen and water vapor permeability, a surface roughness much less than the barrier film thickness, a high Tg (the glass transition temperature) to allow a higher temperature and/or higher energy ITO deposition process, and a high transparency with low birefringence.
Defects in the coated layers limit the barrier properties. For instance, rough substrates, particulates, and roller contact, damage the coated layers. Rough substrates with thin film barriers are smoothed and prevented from damage by roller contact, with an organic basecoat and polymer top coat.
Multiple layers of TCO deposited on the substrate achieve lower surface resistivity than a single thick layer of TCO because the single layer cracks or crazes. Further, the multiple TCO layers act as electrodes connected in parallel. Using a non-stoichiometric dielectric of a group including silicon oxides, aluminum oxides, and silicon nitrides, allows for the fabrication of efficient thin film barriers for flexible plastic films.
Measured data for films made of sputtered ITO exhibited exceptional barrier properties. The optical, electrical and barrier properties were measured for ITO sputter-deposited directly onto a PET substrate, and also measured with a PML acrylic basecoat over the substrate before deposition of the ITO, in a roll-to-roll (web) coating process. See
Alternating barrier layers of PML deposited organic polymers and dielectrics have permeation rates below the limits of the instruments, which is 0.005 g/m2 day for a PERMATRAN-W™ 3/31 instrument, which measures water vapor transmission rates, and 0.005 cc/m2 day for an OX-TRAN™ 2/20 instrument, which measures oxygen transmission rates.
The transparent dielectric barrier layer or a single layer of TCO deposited on the substrate meets the barrier requirements for some plastic FPD. Barrier requirements vary by the type of display technology, e.g., liquid crystal display (LCD), organic light emitting display (OLED) and thin film electro luminescent display (TFELD). The acceptable value of vapor permeation with plastic substrates for FPD depends on the sensitivity of the specific display technology utilized. For example, the LCD is much less sensitive to vapor permeation than the OLED or TFELD. For the LCD, maximum oxygen permeability is in the range of about 0.01 to 0.1 cc/m2 day, while the maximum water vapor permeability is in the range of about 0.01 to 0.1 g/m2 day. For both OLED and TFELD, permeabilities of ≦0.001 cc/m2 day for oxygen, and ≦0.001 g/m2 day for moisture (water vapor) are required.
A polymer OLED and a small molecule OLED describe the two basic technologies for the layer that emits light in the OLED. For polymer OLEDs, the light emitting material is deposited by flow coating, spin coating, gravure coating, meniscus coating, curtain coating or any common liquid coating or printing techniques. Small molecule OLEDs are typically vacuum deposited, but may also be processed with atmospheric coating if the OLED is a polymer. When an ITO layer is deposited by nonvacuum processes such as by screen printing, the process of the present invention is entirely nonvacuum. Alternatively, the process of the present invention takes place by both vacuum and nonvacuum methods. Preferably, the process takes place in a vacuum to avoid contamination by particulates. Superior barrier films and other films are provided by the cleaner vacuum process.
As shown in
Table B illustrates water vapor and oxygen permeability versus ITO thickness for semi-reactively sputtered ITO:
The measured results for semi-reactively and reactively sputtered ITO, as well as the differences between a single ITO layer and two ITO layers (with a polymer layer in between the two layers) made with a semi-reactive process, are illustrated in
The preferred thickness for ITO is different for conductivity and barrier properties. The film thickness must be greater to have conductive properties. Also, if the layer is too thin it will not have barrier properties. The critical thickness for these layers varies with the material and how the layers are deposited. For ITO, the critical minimal thickness is about 10 nanometers (or 100 angstroms). The lower limits for some of the metal oxides are about 10 to 30 nanometers in packaging. Generally, 5-10 nanometers is the minimum thickness required for adequate barrier properties, however, the film needs to be thicker for conductivity properties (20 nanometers to 300 nanometers). If thicker than that range, then the film starts cracking, and hence, loses conductivity. For maximizing optical transmission, it is well known that optical thicknesses of thin films can be selected. The typical physical thickness is 20-300 nanometers for ITO on a flexible substrate.
For a transparent electrode, conductivity requirements vary with display technology and addressing method. The surface resistivity for LCDs is about 50-300 Ohms/square, and for OLEDs is about 10-100 Ohms/square. The corresponding visible transmittance for LCDs is about 90%, and for OLEDs is about 80-85%. The thickness of the conductor layer is compatible with the web processing for the flexible plastic substrate.
Table 1 shows the test results for oxygen and water vapor transmission rates of various samples of a PET substrate coated with a single ITO layer with different Ohms/square coatings and a substrate coated with an ITO layer, a metal layer, and another ITO layer. The test conditions were as follows: the temperature was at 23░ C./73.4░ F. On each side of the barrier for the oxygen transmission rate tests, the relative humidity was 0%. On one side of the barrier for the water vapor transmission rate tests, the relative humidity was 100%, but the other side of the barrier had a relative humidity of 0%.
The first eight samples of Table 1 are of a plastic substrate coated with a single ITO film layer, each with different ITO thickness and sheet resistances. For example, "25-1" is the first sample with a sheet resistance of 25 Ohm/square; whereas "25-2" is the second sample from the same lot. The last two samples are of a substrate coated with an ITO layer, a metal coating, and another ITO layer, with a nominal sheet resistance of 10 Ohm/square. This 3 layer configuration is the "optically enhanced metal" and has similar characteristics to a single TCO layer. With the optically enhanced metal, good conductivity, transmission and barrier properties are achieved. Preferably the ITO layer has a thickness of about 50-60 nanometers. In several instances, the samples were tested two times. For example, the second column for the 25 and 60 Ohms/square samples reflects the results of the second test.
Table 2 compares permeation rates for different coatings, including multiple dyad (an acrylate/oxide pair) layers on the PET substrate, and coatings on oriented polypropylene (OPP) substrates. As shown, a single dyad on a substrate has high oxygen and moisture permeation resistance. In some instances, two oxygen transmission rate tests were conducted, and the results were shown in a second column. The first row provides typical permeation rates for the PET substrate.
Although the present invention has been described and is illustrated with respect to various embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that it is not to be so limited, because changes and modifications may be made therein which are within the full intended scope of this invention as hereinafter claimed. In particular, the structure disclosed in the present invention for flat panel displays can also be used with other display technologies, such as polymer light emitting diode (PLED) and light emitting diode (LED) displays.
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Friday, June 13, 2014
She was blonde from birth and had big chocolaty eyes and a bright pink tummy, so much so that early on she was dubbed Miss Pinkness.
She was part of their family for 13 years and passed on last week.
If she had been human she would have turned 91. But Lucy was a yellow lab, the matriarch of three. She belonged to our daughter Cathy and her husband Todd.
Her genetic sister, Babs, came along five years later and Bella, who was rescued from an abusive situation, was adopted three years ago. Babs is full of sparkle and spunk and is their Diva Dog. Bella is the most quiet and reserved. Lucy had the sweetest disposition, and always sought out the neediest person in the room in her role as complete caregiver.
Todd said they were introduced as she was propelled along in a wheelbarrow crowded with her litter mates. When the pups were gently decanted, she came straight to Cathy and sat on her lap. And that was it, says Todd.
Lucys engaging quirks included her love of shoes. Shed often crawl into the closet and lie atop them on her back and go to sleep with a look of ecstasy on her face. She also liked rump rubs and showed her emotions by a distinctive patterned tail thump.
She was the peacekeeper, between both humans and dogs. If there was a lot of yelling at a football game or a squabble between her sisters Lucy would step right in the middle to be sure everyone was all right. Shed then shake her head at the fuss and glide off for a nap.
A couple of years ago she began showing her age, developing arthritis and breathing problems. She could no longer negotiate the backdoor steps, so Todd built a ramp especially for her which Lucy let us use as well. Three months ago she had surgery to help with her breathing and was taking a litany of medications for multiple issues.
Her hips gave her trouble and she sometimes hopped like a rabbit trying to get around. Like most aging creatures she had her good days and her bad days.
One of her problems was eating so fast she tended to choke, so their vet, Jan Greathouse at Westburys, prescribed tennis balls in Lucys feeding bowl so she would have to eat between them and slow down.
Todd and Cathy knew time was getting short as it became harder and harder for Lucy to move around and she still had breathing problems.
On the day Lucy died she had had a difficult night followed by a bad morning. Going to work, Cathy impulsively added a kiss to Lucys head, reinforcing the regular goodbye petting ritual. Todd checked in on her after an early appointment to find Lucy in great distress, unable to get up and gasping for breath. He immediately took her to the vet and called Cathy. They agreed it was time to end Lucys suffering.
Cathy said Todd lay on the floor beside their dog comforting and stroking her until she slipped away.
My favorite memory of Lucy is that whenever I visited, she would wait until I got settled in my chair and then come over and sit on my feet. That, Cathy told me, is because she doesnt want you to leave.
Thats the way we all felt about her.
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COLUMBIA — An Aiken man will be sentenced later after pleading guilty to federal charges that he made purchases with financial and personal data he got from hacking into websites.
The State newspaper reported that 21-year-old Max Raymond Dufour pleaded guilty to hacking into the websites and stealing more than 200 user names and passwords between August 2010 and October 2011.
U.S. Attorney Bill Nettles said Friday that the scheme was discovered when Dufour was caught trying to hack into University of South Carolina computers to change his semester grades.
He could face 10 years in prison and a $250,000 fine. U.S. District Judge Cameron McGowan Currie said she would impose sentence at a later date.
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Newbies, Post in Welcome Central to open up the boards
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"for as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth." This really is an interesting scripture, the comparison of Jesus and Jonah. I'm not sure it can "stand alone" as total evidence one way or the other without putting other scriptures with it, but interesting to me is (as briefly noted earlier) Jonah's spirit was still living, he was still conscious and aware, even though his body was "buried" for 3 days. The comparison the scripture is making, and the point could be, both their bodies were buried, and that's it. I don't know. But it seems to me if one wants to make a total, direct comparison to prove or disprove "soul sleep", this scrip would indicate Jesus still had consciousness somewhere, His spirit still living on since Jonah did.
I'm not possessive of this clay vessel. I've already told you we don't need it to live.Nor, am I afraid of death. I've already 'died' twice.But, let me ask you, why are you so afraid of not dying? Or are you?Jesus said, if one returned from the dead, they wouldn't believe him.Many have returned from the dead in this day and age, and he's right, no one believes them.
"Man is spirit, soul and body --a trinity...." That is your religious belief.According to the Bible, the Word of God man is...body and breath/spirit, dual a living soul.Gen 2:7 And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.
I can tell you what Jesus was not doing for those three days, for He told Mary "Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended unto my Father." There you have it - He was not in the Heavenly places, and quite dead in the Earthly places. I make the simple assumption that Jesus was dead (as we understand death) for those three days. Otherwise His sacrifice was a bit less of a sacrifice.
Jesus spent three days preaching to the captives in 'hell'So he went and preached to the spirits in prison-- 1 Pet 3:191 Peter 3:20 who disobeyed long ago when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ark was being built.
Therefore it says, "WHEN HE ASCENDED ON HIGH, HE LED CAPTIVE A HOST OF CAPTIVES, AND HE GAVE GIFTS TO MEN." Eph 4:8
Isn't there some indication in scripture that Jesus went and proclaimed His victory during those three days, and "led captivity captive", or is that way too open to interpretation? Would Laz and some other folks weigh in on that question, "what did Jesus do during the 3 days His body was in the tomb"? Thanks.
Quote from: micah7:9 on September 13, 2012, 07:35:13 AM"Man is spirit, soul and body --a trinity...." That is your religious belief.According to the Bible, the Word of God man is...body and breath/spirit, dual a living soul.Gen 2:7 And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. No, not my religious belief; rather, it is my Biblical belief. "Now may the God of peace Himself be hallowing you wholly; and may your unimpaired spirit and soul and body be kept blameless in the presence of our Lord Jesus Christ!" (Thessalonians 523, Concordant Literal) The complete you, what is sanctified in its entirety, is here said to be: "spirit and soul and body."What you quote, Genesis 27, says man is made of 1.) the dust, his body, the breath of "lives" (life [plural],) which is 2.)his spirit, and a developing 3.) soul (which is thought, will and emotion) that is the result of the spirit in the body. Differing from the soul, the functions of spirit are, conscience, communion, and intuition. The Greek words were given interesting keywords by A. E. Knoch: "pneuma" WIND-effect, "psyche" COOL-ic, and "soma" body. We know our bodies are mostly (3/4ths) water. The breeze blows upon the waters and the effect is a cooling. Inspiring, expiring...the spiration of 1.) the spirit upon 3.) the body cause 2.) the soul. It is like the 1.) electricity in the bulb sheltered 3.) tungsten creates 2.) light and heat.
I've always thought that he did ascend after he sent her away because he has to present himself as the high priest in heaven. Once the high priest puts on his robes and prepares himself and the sacrifice for the holy of holies, he cannot be touched until he has performed his duties, otherwise he has to start all over again. He says to her, go and tell my brethren that I am ascending to heaven. So I believe he ascended and returned in that time.
As usual you take the understanding of how the Greek represents the "sentient being" as the "soul."I will stand on what the Bible, at the beginning, defines what made up a living soul: dust and breath.As far as your trinity, "three persons" in one, show me where the Holy Spirit is a person, and as far as I have found the "trinity teaching" is a hypothesis, I don't believe in theories at least not when it comes to the Word of God. Besides I thought that word was not allowed on the forum??????


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Hey guys, so this week we have a pretty fucked up video from some frat boys. these dudes put their pledges through hell and back all throughout hell week. but the icing on the cake was their final test of loyalty and devotion. they had to endure what no man ever should have to, cocks in their asses and mouths but that didn't slow these future frat boys down, they were determined to get in and be accepted by their brothers. But the pledge that got it the worst was McSweenie because when he was told to drop trou his member wasn't up to par with the rest of the boys. Tiny weenies aren't going to cut it here McSweenie!
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lol thats totally mike from broke straight boys, i would recognize that big dick anywhere! nice vid though


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OC Sports Baseball Players of the Week: April 8-14April 17, 2013
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. – Jarred Smith (SC of Florida), John Underwood (Palm Beach State, Fla.), Cameron Johnson (Lackawanna College, Pa.), Joe McLaren (Macomb CC, Mich.), Mike Jacobsen (Columbia-Greene CC, N.Y.) and Zachary Beckwith (Northern Essex CC, Mass.) have been named OC Sports NJCAA baseball players of the week for games April 8-14.
The Manatees extended their win-streak to nine games last week, picking up four wins off the bat of Smith. The sophomore had a .526 batting average (10-for-19) with three doubles, two home runs and five RBIs. In a 12-5 win at St. Petersburg College (Fla.) Saturday, Smith went 5-for-6 at the plate with a double and two homers. Smith has been the Manatees top home run hitter in 2013, going yard three times this season.
In a one-run nail-biter against No. 11 Miami Dade College (Fla.) last week, Underwood delivered a near-perfect performance to hand the Panthers a 1-0 upset victory. Earning pitcher of the week honors for the second straight week, Underwood recorded 10 strikeouts in nine hitless innings against the Sharks. The sophomore's bid for a perfect game was blemished only by the one walk he allowed. Underwood has now pitched back-to-back complete game shutouts for Palm Beach State and hasn't given up an earned run in his last 39 innings pitched.
Johnson led the Falcons to five straight victories last week, putting on a hitting clinic against opposing pitchers. Compiling a 2.000 slugging percentage, Johnson hit two doubles, a triple and six home runs on the week. The sophomore batted for a .625 average (10-for-16) with 17 RBIs and eight runs scored. Johnson leads the No. 8 Falcons in nearly every offensive category this season, including a team-high 40 RBIs.
McLaren picked up two wins last week for Macomb, improving his record in 2013 to 2-1. Against Henry Ford CC (Mich.), the sophomore dealt 10 strikeouts and six shutout innings en route to a 5-0 victory. The Monarchs claimed an 8-0 victory over Ancilla College (Mich.) behind McLaren's seven shutout innings where he gave up one hit while striking out four batters. McLaren has been Macomb's top hurler this season, compiling a team-low 1.29 ERA in 28 innings of work.
Splitting their six games last week, the Twins received a steady dose of offense from Jacobsen. The sophomore had a .733 batting average (11-for-15), hitting two doubles and driving home seven RBIs. Jacobsen helped his cause against Schenectady County CC (N.Y.) Saturday, pitching seven shutout innings in a 6-0 victory. The Twins have been anchored offensively by Jacobsen this season as the first baseman leads the team with a .447 batting average and 10 RBIs.
Beckwith spurred the Knights on to a 5-0 victory over Quinsigamond CC (Mass.) with seven shutout innings. The freshman accumulated six strikeouts in the outing, allowing only four hits and no walks. On the season, Beckwith leads the Knights with a team-low 2.63 ERA and 21 strikeouts.
Baseball Players of the Week (March 4-10)
Baseball Players of the Week (March 25-31)


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USDA Announces Final Rule Regarding the Importation of Horses from Contagious Equine Metritis-Affected Countries
WASHINGTON, Feb. 12, 2012–The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is making final its interim rule regarding the importation of horses from countries affected with contagious equine metritis (CEM).
"These certification and testing requirements, in addition to our existing import regulations, will strengthen protections for horses in the United States," said John R. Clifford, USDA's Chief Veterinary Officer and Deputy Administrator for APHIS' Veterinary Services program.
APHIS has taken this action after reviewing probable causes of CEM outbreaks in the United States. This review identified the need to strengthen testing protocol for horses arriving from CEM-affected countries, and the final rule includes changes based on comments received on the interim rule.
APHIS will now have additional entry requirements for imported horses based on age. Yearlings and weanlings must not have been bred to other horses, either through artificial insemination or live breeding, from the time they were tested for CEM until export. Test mares, imported mares and imported stallions above a certain age are now required to undergo an additional CEM test that will help improve the accuracy of final test results. These actions outlined in the final rule will provide additional safeguards against the introduction of CEM through the importation of affected horses.
The final rule can be found by visiting www.aphis.usda.gov.
The final rule is published in today's Feb. 12 edition of the Federal Register and is effective upon publication.


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See some videos or get a smartphone app below:
Use the player below to navigate through our various videos.
Mobile Apps
Sharecare's app, AskMD (free), is all about tracking your general health and wellness. You fill out your profile with your general stats (height, weight, age, etc), insurance and primary care physician details, and current medications, and then use the app to search for remedies to symptoms you've been having. If you have a health device that monitors blood pressure, AskMD can use that information and watch it in your profile, thanks to HealthKit. AskMD can also connect you to doctors in your health care network if your symptoms require professional care. It's available for the iPhone/iPad and Android devices.
iTriage (free), which is available for the iPhone, Android, Palm, BlackBerry and other Web-enabled devices, offers information on symptoms, diseases, medical procedures, urgent care facilities and other vital health-related searches to help consumers make more informed and immediate healthcare decisions. The leading-edge technology even provides turn-by-turn directions to Lafayette Regional Health Center for treatment.


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Difference was, when the UFC was breaking through, there wasn't another UFC as the top dog. No one cares about any other organization outside of the UFC. The casuals sure as shit don't, and the hardcore fan base steals their ppvs and streams. Its UFC or bust, anyone else is throwing away money.
The interest is just not there... if your main event is Tito Vs Rampage... there's something wrong... At their prime, it would make a nice co headline... headline if there were a belt involved... However, they 're both past their prime, and is actually being marketed over the bellator product...
I don't know, but, I'm guessing Bjorn is pushing that PPV to try to cover for the douchiness of the Eddie Alvarez contract dispute...
Main event: BJ Penn vs Frankie Edgar II for the title
Co-Main event: Randy Couture vs James Toney
The hype going into the card was James Toney making his MMA debut, yet the UFC billed the title fight over it as the main event.
I cant think of an event that had non title fight "draws" having the main event feature over a title fight.
The champions in Bellator should have a wtf look across their face!
Yeah, I don't believe so.i dont think dana has ever had a non title fight headline when a title would be contested lower
They haven't as far as I know the only time where it's even been mentioned was for Rousey's title fight and the debate was whether or not Machida/Henderson should have been the main event. Dana said at the time that title fights would always take precedent as main eventsYeah, I don't believe so.
Nothing against Tito/Page, but I'm a big fan of the super fights getting the crowd primed for the title fight which may be more closely challenged and less exciting.
You say shark I say hey man, Jaws was never my scene and I don't like Star Wars
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Lots of twang in the section this week!
Pokey LaFarge and The South City Three will bring their throwback take on Americana music to the Domino Room next week to help KPOV celebrate its fifth birthday. I chatted with Pokey about how he became such an anachronism.
LaFarge's work tramples old-time genre boundaries, bouncing around from folk to blues to swing to jazz, but always rooted in American tradition, and always rooted in what he calls the "purity" and "honesty" of acoustic music.
It's a style that attracted LaFarge in his teens, which is when he figured out just how much he prefers the sound of America's past over the sound of its present.
"When I realized that rock and pop and all this other kind of stuff sucked, right around the same time, I started listening to the blues … and I started digging my way back from there," he said. "I started getting into bluegrass, which got me into old-time fiddle music, which in turn got me back into old country-blues and jazz and ragtime and Western swing and all that kind of stuff."
I hope you'll read the whole thing here. And click here to study up on Frank Fairfield, who's also on the bill.
With two genuine country rebels — Merle Haggard and Hank Williams III — in town, I rambled a bit about the genre's long, proud history of outlaw behavior, and whether it's been killed and buried for good by the modern music industry.
In the shadow of today's airbrushed and Auto-Tuned Nashville, it can be easy to forget that country music has a long, proud tradition of outlaw behavior.
Modern country stars are as handled as politicians, every tooth polished and straight, every opinion run through focus groups, (almost) every song crafted by a team of professional tunesmiths.
It doesn't have to be this way.
You can read the whole piece by clicking here.
Elsewhere in this week's music section, I want to draw special attention to the big, locally focused ARTISpHERE happening tonight at Old Stone Church, and the Empty Space Orchestra / Finn Riggins / Hosannas show happening tonight at Rise Up Warehouse.
Beyond that, we also have the Conjugal Visitors kicking off the summer season at Angeline's Bakery in Sisters, Betty and the Boy at portello winecafe, Stephanie Schneiderman back at McMenamins Old St. Francis School and The Voodoo Fix at Silver Moon. As usual, there are lots of other options in The Bulletin's complete music listing.


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Re: "Yet it's still difficult to imagine that Twitter couldn't have gone about this in a different way."
Agree Rene. Twitter is big enough to do almost anything they want. "You don't like our API policies? Fine. You are free to go build your own micro-blogging empire."
I doubt Twitter is trying to hype their own app or drive people to access Twitter through browsers. I'm sure they're just acting to prevent automated "scraping" and data mining, and to help manage the load on their servers. There aren't too many ways to do that other than by capping the number of requests per hour.


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Melbourne's Biggest Family Album Collection
Image: Digital Photograph - Four Girls in Shallow Water, St Kilda Beach, circa 1910
Source: Museum Victoria
In 2006 Museum Victoria embarked upon a community collecting project with past and present Melburnians, who searched their private albums for their favourite photographs of Melbourne. Over 1000 family photographs were collected for 'Melbourne's Biggest Family Album'. Selected photographs are featured in the 'Melbourne Story' exhibition.
These wonderful images have opened up many new perspectives on Melbourne's history, and provide evocative, personal insights into life in Melbourne from the late 19th century to the early 21st century. More than just records of individual family life, these photographs are a wonderful resource for exploring the history of communities, places and events.
Featuring approximately 170 Melbourne suburbs, the photographs depict people of all ages, from a range of cultures. Melburnians are captured at home, on the streets, working, celebrating, travelling, playing and mourning. These photographs also show some of our city's hidden histories - people travelling on public transport, hanging out their washing, browsing inside shops, sleeping in their bedrooms, and washing in the bathroom.
Project Background
The Biggest Family Album concept is based around the copying of photographs rather than the donation of originals, meaning that families retain their precious photos, while archival copies are held at the museum. For this project, the copying was done in digital format using a high resolution digital camera.
The Melbourne collecting project was conducted in partnership with four public libraries, in Beaumaris, Box Hill, Broadmeadows and Footscray. Library staff and local council officers supported and promoted the project, while ABC radio, community newspapers and The Age newspaper assisted with publicity.
Over 120 contributors responded enthusiastically to the invitation to share their photographs, with most bringing several generations of family photographs with them. Contributors also often came along with a family member who could help with accurately documenting the photographs. They brought with them not just photographs, but stories, emotions and a passion about their place in history. More than a few tears were shed as personal anecdotes were remembered and recounted to museum staff.
The Biggest Family Album in Australia Collection
Melbourne's Biggest Family Album Collection was based on The Biggest Family Album in Australia Collection project, undertaken by the museum in the 1980s and 1990s, to collect copies of family photos from rural and regional Victoria. This pioneering project was immensely successful, resulting in a collection of over 9,000 photos dating from the 1890s to the 1940s. These photographs continue to be a resource for the entire community, appearing in education programs, history books, exhibitions, student projects, and community projects. http://museumvictoria.com.au/bfa/
Items per page: 10 50 (showing 1 - 10) 1068 items
Digital Photograph - Girl on Station Pier Farewelling 'Orsova', Port Melbourne, 1954
A girl smiling, standing on wooden pier with streamers at her feet. There is a ship and a bay behind her. This photograph shows Vera Jones on Station Pier, 6 May 1954. She remembers th ...Images: 2
Digital Photograph - Ship at No.8 Berth, Victoria Dock, West Melbourne, Victoria, 1935
Roy Leibig, the photographer, often wandered around the wharves taking photographs. His daughter remembers that he always had his camera around his neck. One of his cameras was a Leica.Images: 1
Digital Photograph - View of Collins Street, West of Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria ...
Digital copy of a 35 mm colour slide lent by the contributor.Images: 2
Digital Photograph - Four Men Standing outside Bush's Confectionery Factory, Richmond, cir ...
Black and white photograph showing Mr Perlman and Mr Ribush with two unknown gentlemen standing outside Bush's Confectionary factory in Richmond, circa 1935. Mr Perlman, on the left, ...From: Richmond, Australia Images: 1
Digital Photograph - Anzac Military Band, circa 1920
Black and white photograph showing a group portrait of the Anzac military band, in about 1920, post World War I. Stanley Fletcher is second from the right, standing in the third row f ...Images: 1
Digital Photograph - Family Photograph, Celebrating Son Joining Navy, St Kilda, 1943
Black and white photograph showing the Altson family, taken in their family home in St Kilda in March 1943. It was taken by a professional photographer and mounted to celebrate an impor ...From: St Kilda, Australia Images: 1
Digital Photograph - Boy Driving Miniature Train for Charity, Sandringham, 1943-1944
Black and white photograph showing children riding on a miniature train, Sandringham, circa 1943. The train ride was organised for the 'Bomb Children of Britain' charity during World ...From: Sandringham, Australia Images: 1
Digital Photograph - Owners of K & A Pappas Australian & Continental Milk Bar, Preston Wes ...
Colour photograph featuring Athanasia (Anna or Sia) and Konstantinos (Kon) Papadimitropoulos in their Papadimitropoulos Milk Bar, also known as the 'K & A Pappas Australian & Continenta ...From: Preston, Australia Images: 2
Digital Photograph - Two Men & One Woman outside Bush's Confectionery Factory, Richmond, c ...
Black and white photograph showing Mr Perlman and Mr & Mrs Ribush outside the Bush's Confectionery factory in Richmond, circa 1935. Mr Perlman and Mr Ribush (first names unknown) owne ...From: Richmond, Australia Images: 1
Digital Photograph - Holden Brothers Circus, 'Big Top ' Circular Tent being Raised up Cent ...
A 'Big Top' circular tent is being raised up a central pole, while trucks, caravans and tents set up around it. The Holden Brothers Circus crew raising the 'One Pole Big Top' tent, ear ...Images: 1


text: Prev | Next Purchase this photo Billy Summers/The Putnam Herald Redskins senior soccer stars Brittany Minor, Taylor Morton and Callie McClanahan sign National Letters of Intent of Tuesday, March 5, 2013, at Hurricane High School, surrounding by their respective parents. Minor will play for Alderson-Broaddus, Morton for WV Wesleyan and McClanahan for Elizabethtown University in Pennsylvania. Gallery: Putnam in Pictures, Friday, March 8 Mar. 08, 2013 @ 09:49 PM The Herald-Dispatch / 2015 Did you miss something in Putnam County this week? Chances are, one of our photographers was there. ()


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Monday-Friday, February 11-15
• 7:30 p.m. Winter Jubilee at Marler Road Baptist Church. Preaching and special singing nightly. Rev. Steve Dagenhart of Calvary Baptist Church, Rev. Roger Pinnix of Open Door Baptist Church, Rev. Ron Baity of Berean Baptist Church, Rev. Bill Watson of Little Mountain Baptist Church, Rev. Barry Wall of Amity Hill Baptist Church will be the guest speakers. For more information Call 336-468-8610.
Tuesday, February 19
• 9:45-The Calvary Moravian Friends invite you to join us as we visit two of our sister Moravian churches in February. Our first visit will be to Hopewell Moravian Church located at 701 Hopewell Church Rd. The Reverend Walter Bishop will be our host and tour guide. We will meet at the church parking area at 9:45 a.m. Our second visit will be to Friedburg Moravian Church located at 2178 Friedburg Church Rd. The Reverend Jerry Newsome will be our host and tour guide. We will meet in the church parking area at 11 a.m. After our brief visits, our group will venture to Breakfast Time restaurant for lunch. The restaurant is located just off Old Salisbury Road near the intersection of Peters Creek Parkway and Hickory Tree Road. Everyone is welcome to join us - Dutch Treat! People who would like to car pool need to be at the Calvary Moravian Church rear parking area no later than 9 a.m. on Feb. 19. Others may just want to meet us at Hopewell at 9:45 a.m. and later on drive over to Friedburg and then to Breakfast Time. These two visits to our sister churches will be very enlightening and enjoyable for everyone. Our fellowship always promises to be a lot of fun! So, come and join us!
Sunday- Wednesday, March 24-27
•7 p.m.-Mountain View Baptist Church of Hamptonville will hold Spring Revival Services. Our guest speaker will be Brother Glenn Sellers, Pastor of Center View Baptist Church in Maiden. Everyone is welcome. If you have questions or need directions, please call Mountain View's church office at 336-468-8199.


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Are You Willing to Pay for App Store Apps?
Time.com begs the question as to whether consumers would be, and should be, willing to pay for App Store apps:
So why can't all iPhone apps be free? Well, quite simply, because people are still willing to pay for them.
Er... No. All apps can't be free because all developers don't get free housing, food, and a healthy cash allowance for themselves and their families to live off of while they develop all these fantastical free apps.
It's the same reason why the Time.com writer probably doesn't work for free, even though the web page containing the article has advertising on it.
There will, no doubt, be tons of apps offered for free. We've already heard about Apple's iTunes remote as well as free apps from Ebay and AOL AIM from the looks of the recent Guided Tour video. These will all be released because their business model supports releasing them for free. Their companies feel that they will either be able to generate sufficient revenue from other sources (like advertising, or paid pro versions) or are willing to eat the cost as part of their marketing (hoping it will serve as a loss-leader to drive the products or services that really pay their bills).
Personally, I'd love apps to be free. I'd love gas to be free. I'd love a new Mac Pro to be free. But it's really economics 101 at work here, isn't it?
I'm sure I'll find a free app or several that'll be useful, just as I'm sure I'll find some commercial apps I feel are worth paying $9.99 (or whatever) for. And if I don't think a particular app is worth paying for, I just won't buy it. Simple as that.
What about you? Do you think there will be some apps worth paying for?
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
Are You Willing to Pay for App Store Apps?
I am willing to pay a fair price for a quality product. Have you seen the difference lately between freeware software and purchased software? When there is a profit incentive to the developer, the quality of the application shoots way up, no doubt about it. I think $10 bucks for a quality game, for example, is a no-brainer.
RE Jac:
"Apps for $, i dont think its worth, because first buy a phone and then spend more on apps ?"
Would you expect to pay for a Xbox not have to pay for the games?
Would you expect to buy a boat and not have to pay for inner tubes/water skis ect..?
Would you buy a DVD Player and expect to get movies for free?
Finally, would you buy a computer and expect all software that you download to it to be free??
The iphone's apps will be mostly free if you expect NOT to pay for ANY of them..You have High expectations..
In my opinion:
Apps worth paying for:
-Medical apps (no need for me but you can tell a ton of work and time went into them)
-QUALITY games (not Pong and the like)
-QUALITY e-reader
-I am sure I can think of more...
Apps not worth paying for:
-Little things (that take no time and little skill to make) like a tip calculator (which I WANT), simple to do lists, etc.
-Apps from big companies like AOL, Google, Myspace, etc.
-Apps where the sole intention is to spend your money and the company profits (eBay)
I plan to buy at least two applications on day 1: OmniFocus (I use it now and can't wait to sync with my phone) and a game (primarily to see how well it works). Quality software deserves payment. Personally, I'm getting a little tired of the entitlement mentality of "if I want it, it should be free." Let's be real: people who can afford to buy an iPhone/iPod Touch can afford to pay for applications. If you don't want to pay, don't buy and don't whine: it's that simple, with music, software or anything else.
If there was an app that added value to your life or saved you money why wouldn't you pay for it. So far I have not heard of many beyond the $9.99 barrier but I'd go there if there were something truly of value.
The iPhone presents an interesting addition to the smartphone (platform) world of mobile devices... It is salivated after by "smartphone people" as well as "feature phone people," and that brings two distinctly different personalities into the App Store.
The first is the smartphone people. These are the people used to having access to third party apps. The people used to getting a decent amount of stuff for free, but are also used to paying for a few things here and there. They understand how it works and will, generally speaking, have no problems when it comes to shopping the App Store.
The second is the feature phone people. These are the people that "MAY" have bought a $3 java game for their flip phone, or possibly a ringtone or two. for $.99. They have never really "installed" a third party app and the concept is foreign to them. They will see things like in-depth task management apps being sold for $30 and crap a brick. They just aren't used to it, and to them, the idea of paying for an app doesn't sit well. They don't recognize the work put into these apps and that the people making them aren't doing so for their health.
Sure, there will be middle ground people that fall into some non-classification, but I think the two most predominant groups are going to be as I said above.
I, for one, am a smartphone person. I expect free TRIALS to see if the software is for me, but I don't mind paying for things that are worth it. Free stuff is great, but I respect the work put into the more in-depth stuff and I have no problem paying the developer for their efforts.
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I read the Time article and, quite frankly, am dumbfounded. The person that wrote the article is every bit like our Congress - out of touch. I have to agree 100% with Tom. Newcomers to the smartphone/pda will cry foul because they don't understand that it isn't Apple that's developing and selling the apps, but the DEVELOPERS... real people with bills to pay. Those of us that have been using a pda for the past 10+ years are quite familiar with 3rd party apps and think that $9.99 for a good app is a STEAL.
I am developing small applications for physicians and nurses to assess patients. They are used to loading PDA applications ranging from free to $99. I am hoping that a useful, high quality application will be worth spending a small amount. While free applications are nice, and some are really great, more often than not I find you get what you pay for. Also, as Terry noted, if the user sees value in the program then the cost is justified.
You buy a car, you buy gas, you pay for repairs?!?!?!?!?!?!?!
Everything works that way, doesn't it?
(Updates for the iPhone have thusfar been free...)