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Cross Country
Duke Cross Country BIO
Chloe Maleski
Honors: ACC Academic Honor Roll (2012, 2014)
2013-14: Did not compete during the fall or outdoor season…Participated in two competitions during the indoor season…placed 14th at the Virginia Tech Elite Meet (2/8) in a time of 10:30.89 for 3,000m…also ran at the Virginia Tech Challenge (2/21), running a 3,000m time of 10:36.73.
2012-13: Did not run during the fall or the indoor season…Outdoors, primarily focused on the 1,500 where she ran a season-best time of 4:37.04 to finish fifth at the Duke Twilight.
2011-12: Made her Duke debut in the fall at the Coastal Carolina University Invitational where she finished 11th...clocked a personal-best time of 22:20.3 for 6K to place 64th at the ACC Cross Country Championships...took fifth at the Three Stripe Red Shirt Invitational the following week...indoors, concentrated on the mile run with her best performance coming in a sixth-place performance (9:55.48) at the Virginia Tech Challenge...finished 21st at the ACC Championships...did not compete during the outdoor season.
Prior to Duke: Four-year letterwinner at Keene...named the New Hampshire Cross Country Runner of the Year and the Gatorade New Hampshire Girl Cross Country Runner of the Year as a senior...led her cross country squad to the state championship her final year...finished 14th at the Northeast Regional of the 2010 Foot Locker Cross Country Championships...won a state title in the 3,200m and was the runner-up at the state meet in the 1,600 during her senior track season...holds five track and field records at Keene...also lettered one year in soccer and four years in basketball...graduated with high honors.
Personal: Daughter of David Maleski and Amelie Gooding...born Jan. 19, 1993...has three brothers - Julian, Marcin and Clinton.
Indoor PR
Outdoor PRs
Chloe Photos:
Duke Athletics Teams
Athletic Department
Get InvolvedIron Dukes
Junior Iron Dukes
Legacy Fund
Varsity Club
Young Iron Dukes


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Headline News: Clawing back
The Americans faced a one-goal deficit against Russia twice
November 15, 2012
As announced yesterday, Revolution U18 Christian Sady was one of 15 MLS academy products called into U.S. U18 Men's National Team camp. According to head coach Javier Perez, "We still called the core group, but at the same time, we can bring a few new players and see how they fit in the style of the national team." Find out what first-time U18 MNT selection Sady can expect on MLSsoccer.com.
The U.S. Men's National Team was in action yesterday, earning a 2-2 draw against Russia. The Americans twice faced a one-goal deficit, clawing their way back with goals from Michael Bradley and Mix Diskerud. For more on the game, check out MLSsoccer.com's recap.
Andy Dorman is set to return to New England for the 2013 season, having previously played four seasons with the Revs from 2004-2007. ESPN Boston provides Dorman's initial reactions, in which he explains why he looks forward to coming back to his first professional club.

subset: commoncrawl


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CRESTVIEW —Jamicha Ewing's life is about to be changed thanks to the kindness of a community.
In a few short weeks, the 8-year-old and her mother Tremaritus will be at Miami Children's Hospital for a week-long evaluation that could change both of their ways of living.
"I did not expect it to be this fast," Tremaritus Ewing said hours after learning a local couple had purchased round-trip tickets for her and Jamicha on April 22. "I can't wait to tell (Jamicha). She's going to be jumping for joy."
Tremaritus received the welcome infusion of kindness following a story in the Daily News on Wednesday about the family's struggle. Jamicha, a second-grader at Bob Sikes Elementary School, was diagnosed with epilepsy when she was 4 and her condition has worsened through the years.
Read the previous story about Jamicha.
Doctors have tried several methods to control her seizures, but three seizures in two days last week made it clear none of them was working. Rather than wait, doctors urged Tremaritus to get her daughter to Miami for surgery to remove the part of her brain causing the seizures.
Unfortunately, the single mother of three didn't have a reliable vehicle to make the trip, so she humbled herself and reached out for help.
The family's story caught the eye of Ethel and Lonnie Woods of Fort Walton Beach. Before noon Thursday, the couple had purchased airline tickets for the mother and daughter and promised to take them to Pensacola International Airport the day of the flight.
"God has blessed us tremendously, so I said, 'We can do that,' " Ethel said. "If you can afford to do it, do it."
The retired first-grade teacher said the idea of Jamicha not being able to get the surgery "broke my heart," so they didn't hesitate to step in.
"It takes a community to raise a child, and this is a giving community," she said.
In addition to purchasing the plane tickets, Ethel said she will ask her church to see if it can help the family.
Larry and Barbara Fine of Destin also want to help.
"I don't know them, but I'm sure they're really suffering, so some happiness and joy will be really good for them," said Larry, who worked for a program in Alabama called Magic Moments that granted wishes to chronically ill children.
The Fines said they were willing to help however they can while the family was in Miami, but especially wanted to arrange something fun for Jamicha after she recovers.
"I've seen the impact that putting a little bit of pleasure (in life) can bring," Larry said.
Contact Daily News Staff Writer Katie Tammen at 850-315-4440 or email@example.com. Follow her on Twitter @KatieTnwfdn.


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Former Toledoan paints lighthouses as retirement hobbyWritten by Amanda Tindall | | email@example.com
With 3,126 miles of Great Lakes shoreline and 115 lighthouses, Michigan is a lighthouse-lover's heaven. Hillsdale County resident Mary Segur lives in Osseo, Michigan, and spends her retirement capturing Michigan lighthouses on canvas and selling the paintings at events throughout the state.
When Segur was a first-grader living in Toledo, her mother took her to the Toledo Museum of Art for art lessons.
"They had good teachers, and they taught you every aspect you can imagine," Segur said. "They had clay modeling, pen and ink, tempera paints; then you would graduate, and you could try watercolor and oil."
Every day from first to sixth grade, Segur received art lessons. Eventually, having graduated into watercolor and oil, she began taking private lessons in high school.
As a high-school English teacher for 25 years, Segur saw many schools go through budget cuts. She objected to the elimination of, or reduced funding for, music and art programs.
"I always argue that practicality isn't the whole purpose of schooling, any more than it is of life," she said. "The things that artists create, whether it be music or literature or the visual arts, are not only expressions of their talent and their message, but they're also a way of bonding people together."
Segur said she's painted both landscapes and portraits, but portraits were a lot of work.
"I must have been in my mid-20s and visited Ludington State Park and saw the Big Sable Point Lighthouse," Segur said. "You have to walk about two miles down the beach before you see it. I just was mesmerized. I fell in love with it."
She said it brought her closer to expressing a human bond that is often missing in everyday life.
"What drew me to the lighthouses was really what they stood for," she said. "They're kind of from a time when people were more willing to risk their life to save a total stranger. I don't see people doing that today. The keeper that stayed there had to get in a boat and row out in a horrible storm to try to save people who were drowning from a shipwreck.
"Something about that beacon of light and the way it turns, it's symbolic of a lot more than just showing sailors the way," she said. "A lot of churches have adopted the symbol of a lighthouse because there's a parallel there. It has a metaphorical application to your life."
Segur's friend and fellow artist Rich Katuzin, who draws similar subjects with pen and ink, takes photographs of the lighthouses for Segur to use as reference.
"I used to paint en plein air (outdoors) and I had an easel, and I was painting with oils," Segur said. "I had gotten a palette knife, and I was really putting it on thick because I was doing waves, and all of a sudden that wind picked up and blew the canvas off. It went face down in the sand. And it was like, 'Oh! Texture!' I decided right then and there that I couldn't do it."
Living in a little house on Lake Pleasant in Osseo, with model ships sitting on the windowsill above the front door, Segur has filled her home with her paintings of lighthouses.
At times, Segur calls her friend Kevin Kirwan to look at her paintings and to get his opinion. Kirwan said sometimes she would make changes following their discussions. Kirwan has lived near Segur since 2006, and said he enjoys the feel of living by the lake, a feeling expressed in Segur's paintings.
"They call her the Lighthouse Lady and, when it comes to the lighthouses, she really wants to represent the actual look and feel, the structure of the lighthouse," Kirwan said. "From there, she does her own interpretation of the seasons of the year. She's very intent that her rendition of the lighthouse is true to form."
Along with her paintings, which she calls her retirement hobby, Segur sells copies of her work and cards that include the history of each lighthouse on the back.
As she travels to various art shows, Segur is able to talk with those who have similar interests, as well as with people who have never quite understood the symbolism of lighthouses.
Segur said the hobby will never make her rich, but after she sells a painting it does pay for gas, paints and canvas so she can start all over again.
Segur and her paintings will appear at the Toledo Lighthouse Waterfront Festival at Maumee Bay State Park on July 12 and 13.
More information about the festival can be found at the website www.toledolighthouse.org.
Tags: Big Sable Point Lighthouse, Great Lakes, Hillsdale County, Kevin Kirwan, lighthouse, lighthouses, Ludington State Park, Mary Segur, Michigan, Osseo, painter, Rich Katuzin, Toledo Lighthouse Watefront Festival, Toledo Museum of Art


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It seems we've spent the last 5 years either trying to get pregnant or being pregnant. Not doing either... that's something new, and I'm really not quite sure how to transition into this new phase... and find peace with it.
I went into our 3rd pregnancy feeling very sure that we were done, and also 110% sure that it was going to be an easy pregnancy, that the troubles with the previous two were totally a fluke. Now that it's over I feel very sad? disappointed? unsure? that we're done and never got the chance at normal, and doubly so that it's recommended that we not get pregnant again anyway. Intellectually I know we need to close up shop, this last pregnancy was much more difficult, and the recovery was not the magic give birth poof everything is normal again as it was after our 2nd. Emotionally though... well, that's a different story.
So I'm wondering from all the awesome mommas here... how do you... did you come to terms with being done and moving forward?


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Rene you had a column a few months ago about Tim Cook after one year & noted his accomplishments. I replied that Apple & Tim Cook still was very much in Steve Jobs' shadow. With these management shakeups, particularly Forestall who was a Steve Jobs guy all the way, we can see if indeed Tim Cook is going to take Apple in a new, more exciting direction. I also want to see if Jony Ive has truly great design that applies across the board & not just Dieter Rams as his inspiration. By moving further away from Jobs, & his questionable ethics as well as legacy, I think Apple can really do great things.
Look no further than Microsoft for what happens when a company keeps itself tied to its founder even after they are gone. Steve Balmer may finally be starting to get it with the Surface, Windows 8, & Windows Phone 8. But look how long its taken & the loss of opportunities that have ensued. I want to see Apple quit acting like a victim in court. I want to see Apple not act as if it's the mothership of invention & innovation. And yes I want to see Apple be honest about its history & Steve Jobs.
If Tim Cook can change the management team from Steve Jobs loyalists to Apple loyalists, & move the company forward, that'll be his biggest accomplishment. Lord knows they can't keep looking to his ghost & asking, "What would Steve do?"


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August 5, 2015
UPDATE: Due to weather, TxDOT have delayed the sign work on Highway 6 until Wednesday. Officials were due to start the process at 10:00 a.m. Tuesday.
The 75 mph speed limit is only in effect if a sign is up stating such.
BRAZOS COUNTY — Weather permitting, today, the Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT) Brazos County Maintenance crews will be installing the new 75mph speed limit signs on SH 6, from the Robertson/Brazos County Line to the Grimes/Brazos County Line. Once these signs are installed the new 75mph speed limit will be in effect.
TxDOT crews will begin at Benchley and work their way to the south. Once the southbound lanes are complete they will work on the northbound side of SH 6.
"Depending upon the weather, we hope to have all of SH 6 done today", stated Bob Colwell, spokesperson for the Department. "Tomorrow we will work on SH 47 from SH 21 to FM 60 installing the 75mph speed limit signs. Once SH 47 is complete, we will change the speed on SH 21 from the Brazos River to the west of the Bryan City Limits from 70mph to 75mph."
The 82nd Texas Legislature passed and the Governor signed House Bill 1353 which allows TxDOT to establish 75mph speed limits on Texas highways providing speed studies showing it can be done safely.
Texas' economic strength depends on the efficient and safe movement of people and goods. These new speed limits increase highway efficiency while maintaining the safety of the transportation system.
Safety is our top priority at TxDOT. TxDOT would like to remind all motorists who travel this area to drive to the conditions, buckle up, and put down the cell phones.
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Irish Thorn Jewelry
Mystical Irish Thorn Jewelry in Bronze and Freshwater Pearls
- Elegant jewelry pieces capture nature's beauty
- Exceptional artistry using natural materials
- Designed by Michael Michaud
- Handcrafted with realistic, intricate details
Renowned American jewelry designer Michael Michaud creates these delicate sprays of foliage and freshwater pearls to celebrate a plant that according to Irish lore provides safe haven to fairies and repels evil. Each handcrafted piece is cast in bronze with a hand-rubbed patina that captures the exquisite detail.
- Hand-rubbed bronze, freshwater pearls, vermeil, silver
- Necklace is 16" L with a 1-1/2" extension in back
- Earrings have silver ear wires and dangle about 1"
- Pin is approx. 3" L
Reviewed by 3 customers
Sort by
- none
Best Uses
- Dress up or dress down
Comments about Irish Thorn Jewelry:
I had been given the earrings as a gift but wanted the necklace to go with them. Found the necklace and ordered it. Now I have the whole set and just love it. So delicate and very becoming.
Comments about Irish Thorn Jewelry:
My husband got me the earrings as a gift. They are very pretty and delicate. I might order some as gifts for my friends.
Comments about Irish Thorn Jewelry:
jewelry arrived in cardboard box with labels askew (earrings label upside down)-mighty shabby for jewelry of this price-[$].Wish I had returned order immediately.If my daughter-in-law doesn't like them I will return order in YOUR box and expect a full refund. refund.Had planned to purchase other items but not after this service.
There are no special shipping restrictions or charges associated with this item. For detailed information about our delivery methods and charges, click here.
We're proud of the fact that this item is shipped to you directly from our warehouse in Vermont, by one of our 250 employee-owners. In-stock items are packed with care and shipped within the next business day to ensure prompt delivery to your home and garden!


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Rosemont, Ill. --- Peoria goaltender Ben Bishop interrupted the Chicago Wolves hot streak Sunday night as he posted 28 saves in a 4-0 victory during an Illinois Lottery Cup game at Allstate Arena.
The Wolves hadn't been kept off the scoresheet since Jan. 15, 2011 --- a stretch of 52 games. Bishop (9-6-0) earned his third shutout of the year while Jonathan Cheechoo (G, A) and Derek Nesbitt (G, A) helped Peoria snap a four-game losing streak.
The Wolves (9-7-0-2) lost for just the second time in eight outings. Goaltender Matt Climie (6-3-0) saw his personal five-game winning streak come to a close despite making 27 saves.
"It was a disappointing effort all-around tonight," said Wolves head coach Craig MacTavish. "As good as we felt after the win last night, we feel the exact opposite today."
Peoria started the scoring at 1:29 of the second period on Jay Barriball's third goal against the Wolves in less than 24 hours. Derek Nesbitt fed him a pass across the slot and Barriball, waiting on Climie's doorstep, tapped the puck into an open net. T.J. Hensick, who shares the American Hockey League lead in points, also earned an assist on the play.
The Rivermen (10-10-1-1) went up 2-0 at the 7:09 mark of the second as Nesbitt became the beneficiary of a cross-ice pass. Working at the point, defenseman Lane Fairchild spied Nesbitt near the half boards to set up Nesbitt's seventh goal of the year.
The Rivermen struck again with 35 seconds left in the second period when Cheechoo fought for control of the puck in the corner, then fed a backhand pass to Phil McRae for a one-timer that became his 12th goal of the season. Cheechoo added a goal at 14:16 of the third period when he lifted a wrister over Climie's right shoulder.
The Wolves return to action at 7:30 p.m. Friday when the Abbotsford Heat visit Allstate Arena. For ticket information, visit chicagowolves.com or call 1-800-THE-WOLVES.
Peoria 0 3 1 -- 4
Chicago 0 0 0 -- 0
First Period---None. Penalties---Clackson, Chicago (fighting), 6:53; Peluso, Peoria (fighting), 6:53; Evans, Peoria (tripping), 13:50.
Second Period---1, Peoria, Barriball 4 (Nesbitt, Hensick), 1:29; 2, Peoria, Nesbitt 7 (Fairchild), 7:09; 3, Peoria, McRae 13 (Cheechoo, Heshka), 19:25. Penalties---None.
Third Period---4, Peoria, Cheechoo 5 (Cracknell), 14:16. Penalties---Connauton, Chicago (high-sticking), 4:08; Parent, Chicago (boarding major; game misconduct), 6:42; Nigro, Peoria (slashing), 9:36; Cundari, Peoria (interference), 17:29.
Shots on goal---Peoria: 8-14-9—31. Chicago: 11-8-9—28. Power plays---Peoria 0-2. Chicago 0-2. Goalies—Peoria, Bishop (28-28), Chicago, Climie (27-31). A---3,925. Referees---Dave Lewis and Shaun Davis. Linesmen---Aaron Mills and Al Stensland.
Rosemont, Ill. --- Peoria goaltender Ben Bishop interrupted the Chicago Wolves hot streak Sunday night as he posted 28 saves in a 4-0 victory during an Illinois Lottery Cup game at Allstate Arena.


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Nope. Got nothing.
Stand back! I'm going to try science.
For your entertainment. A vignette from my pre-pivotal days.
I wake up, bleary-eyed, and roll out of bed. Squinting I look at the time: 11:27. Perfect. I slide into a pair of jeans and make a pot of coffee. I drink it black; it pairs well with a nutritious breakfast of two heavily-toasted frosted strawberry pop tarts.
I clamber uphill to my office on the 6th floor of Campbell Hall eager to start my day. There will be much code to write.
Yesterday was rough. My advisor and I had to face the fact, yet again, that the results of our analysis were still off. She was correct of course: we still weren't encabulating the diagraphical errors with sufficient bisectional amplitude.
Sigh. Another one of those "will I ever graduate" moments? Time is running out, I remind myself, I have to finish in two years if I want Arnold's signature on my PhD.
But I have an idea. And I race uphill eager to write the triphase meta-gaussian process code that might.. just might!.. encabulate my analysis errors with enough amplitude.
My office-mate hasn't made it in yet so I'm all alone in my office-cave. Perfect. Headphones on, I nestle into my mouldering chair and lean back into my near-horizontal ergonomic position of choice (less bending of the wrists, you see).
The iMac flickers to life as I bring up a terminal:
$> cd ~/code2
$> mate analysis.py
I skim through the familiar file deciding where to put the new encabulation method. I settle on line 3742, between the definitions of mq7_take2(data) and EE_Medium(data3, data).
But what to name this function? With barely a second thought:
def EE_3P_MG(data, metadata):
A quick copy/paste of EE_4Q_ML and it's off to the races. I slip into a blessed state of flow, sliding globs of terse code around as I fly up and down analysis.py. I'm at home here. The variables are old friends (p2 and xj3 are particularly beloved – we've been through a lot together) and it's always a fun challenge to remember how all the helper functions work.
I reach a commit point but keep going.
Now I just need to use the new EE_3P_MG code in the analysis. I skip past The Scary Bit, pretty sure that it won't depend on the new code and run a quick find-and-replace across the rest of the file.
Almost done! Time to test the thing. Pointing it at the small dataset I step away for an hour and a half to get some coffee and futz about on my phone.
I return to discover that the code had bombed out 15 seconds into the analysis. "Oh right" I say to myself, "the small data set has insufficient permambulatory significance for a triphase encabulation". Duh. Thankful for this short feedback loop, I decide to run against the full data set.
But first – shuddering as I remember The Incident from last year – I put the code into my SCM of choice with a helpful commit message:
From: email@example.com
To: firstname.lastname@example.com
Subject: EE_3P_MG
moar better analysis.py
<Attachment: analysis.py 689KB>
<Attachment: runner.py 3KB>
Just to be sure (again – The Incident) I check my quota on the mail server:
Used: 987 MB of 1 GB
Should be good for a while now that I've unsubscribed from all those cat video feeds.
With that out of the way:
$> mkdir run_1837
Wait. No, crap.
$> rmdir run_1837
$> mkdir run_1836
And now, victoriously:
$> ./runner.py -ds=full -tk=427 -out=./run_1836
Using dataset: full
Will output to: /Users/onsi/code2/run_1836/out.pickle
Reticulating splines...
Retailoring dark matter halo trees:
21/182739 - 2s
46/182739 - 4s
…looks like it'll take 5 hours or so. As this process usually burns my computer into the ground I decide it's time for more coffee, some lunch, and a chance to fall asleep reading some papers.
I return, 5 hours later:
182720/182739 - 17912s
182742/182739 - 17914s
Trees retailored
Enhancing merger rates... done
Encabulating errors...
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndexError: list assignment index out of range
File "/Users/onsi/code2/analysis.py", line 3920, in EE_3P_MG
xj3[k] = p2*a[i:j-17]*a2[i+1:j-15]
Hmmph. It's going to be another long night.
Learning Well
One of the benefits of pairing that we emphasize at Pivotal is the learning environment that it provides. We find that one of the best ways to teach a new technology or codebase is to pair up novices with experts. It's important to understand however that effective learning doesn't happen automatically – even when pairing; it takes intentional thoughtful effort from both the teacher and the student (or master/apprentice if you prefer) to transform a mediocre learning experience into an effective one.
Two things can help here: (1) understanding what effective learning actually does, and – with that in mind – (2) uncovering and engaging the student's preferred learning style.
Let's start with the first.
What is effective learning?
There are two distinct, but related, things that happen when we comprehend a new domain of knowledge: we build an intuition for the domain, and we construct a comprehensive mental model of the domain. Both are crucial.
Intuition allows us to move seemingly effortlessly as we interact with the domain of knowledge. We don't have to pause and think for very long when solving problems but, instead, have an intuitive sense of where we are and where we are going. We may not be able to articulate exactly why, but things just feel right or wrong as we work in the domain; there is a flow of rhythm and harmony and we know, deep in our bones, what consonance and dissonance sound like.
Mental models give us the words and mental frameworks to reason about the domain of knowledge rationally. With an accurate mental model we have a grasp of the formal rules governing the domain and can articulate precisely why certain things work and why other things don't. We can reason about new, heretofore unseen areas of the domain and can analyze and critique existing artifacts within the domain.
To make effective progress in learning a domain is to hone an ever deeper intuition and an ever finer and more nuanced mental model. Both are necessary: intuition allows us to move quickly and effortlessly while mental models allow us to communicate effectively and reason through new classes of problems.
An example
Let's take a concrete example from the domain of introductory (as in, middle school!) algebra. Solve for x:
x + 3 = 7
A student who has spent some time working through similar exercises will likely have built up an intuition around problems of this class. She might immediately think "I should move the 3 to the other side" and does so, remembering that she needs to give the 3 a minus sign:
x = 7 – 3
"And that's just 4!"
x = 4
With enough practice, the student may not spend any time at all thinking through these steps but will instinctively know to move the 3 over and slap on a minus sign.
Now, consider what this student might do given a slight variation on this problem:
3 = 7 – x
If her knowledge of this domain is limited to a handful of memorized rules and a narrowly scoped intuition she will likely struggle with questions like: "Can I move x around?" and "How do I get rid of the minus in front of x?"
What's lacking here is the correct mental model – a grasping of the deeper truth about the structure of the domain.
In this case, what the student needs to understand is the notion of equality. She needs to understand that in solving these problems she isn't following arbitrarily rules about "moving" things around and slapping on minus signs. Rather, she is modifying both sides of the equation in identical ways so as to maintain equality. In so doing she is able to isolate x at which point the entity on the other side of the = sign represents the value of x. To take our first algebra problem – the student isn't moving the 3 from one side to the other. She is subtracting 3 from both sides, thereby maintaining equality, in order to isolate x.
Having this accurate mental model opens the doors to tackling new aspects of algebra (like the second algebra problem outlined above). This, combined with practice (slow and tentative at first!), will allow the student to expand her intuition to cover more varied classes of algebra problems.
Two learning styles
With the twin goals of intuition and mental models in mind, I'd like to present two different learning styles that I've seen come up time and again at Pivotal. Of course, this is a huge simplification but I believe that even this naive classification can prove fruitful – so, on with the broad brushstrokes!
Broadly speaking there are two kinds of learners: top-down learners and bottom-up learners.
Top-down learners (I am one of theses) are the kinds of people most comfortable with the academic setting: lectures, readings, and homework. They are students-at-heart and their preferred approach to learning a domain involves first receiving a formal rendition of a mental model (from a lecturer or textbook), followed by practice (homework) to internalize that mental model and – ultimately – build an intuition.
Top-down learners might approach a new programming language or API by reading a book, or studying the spec/documentation, before sitting down to work out some examples or hack on a side project. Top-down learners can be quite uncomfortable groping around blindly with an existing codebase, preferring, instead, to sit down and read – taking it all in – to arrive at the beginnings of a coherent mental model first.
By contrast, bottom-up learners are the apprentices of the world. They learn their craft best by sifting through examples, pattern matching and tinkering and tweaking along the way to understand how the system responds to their changes. They might tag along and watch a master craftsman then practice, practice, practice. Slowly but surely they build an intuition for how the domain works by learning from failures and successes.
Only once they've built this intuition will bottom-up learners turn to the question of building mental models. Often times this happens when someone asks them to articulate exactly how and why the system works the way it does.
Of course, both learning styles are valid. And both have complementary strengths and weaknesses. The top-down learner may furnish their minds with a precise mental model, but without much prolonged practice they'll never manage to build that crucial intuition that enables them to work in the domain effortlessly. The bottom-up learner may have a strong working intuition, but unless they perform the reflective work necessary to articulate a mental model – they will struggle when faced with new situations or when asked to explain something.
Unsurprisingly, the two learning styles begin at opposite poles and meet halfway!
Pairing and Learning
Knowing the twin goals of effective learning, and understanding at least these two broad categories of learners, can be very helpful when pairing in a teacher/student master/apprentice setting.
What kind of learner is your pair? Often times, if I'm working with a top-down student, I'll invite us to step away from the keyboard and head to the whiteboard where we can diagram out the mental model of the system we're working on. If a top-down learner asks me a question, I try to express the underlying rules and quirks of the system at hand and then ask them to answer their own question.
If I'm working with a bottom-up apprentice, I find the best thing to do is to relinquish control and give them an opportunity to explore and fail/succeed. This takes patience (something I often lack!) but can be far more beneficial than a mini-lecture. Often times, the apprentice will ask me to drive. As I do, I attempt to articulate why my intuition is taking me from one place to the next and leading me to the solution. When a bottom-up learner asks me a question, I try to point them to an example in the code that provides the answer so that they can see the answer in context.
In either case, for effective learning to occur, I try to encourage both the construction of a mental model and the building up of an intuition:
To help students and apprentices build their own mental models there's little that works better than the socratic method. Yes, I might try to draw out diagrams and present mini-lectures on how things work but, ultimately, asking a student a question that forces them to articulate why or how something works is one of the best way to encourage them to build a mental model. This also enables the teacher to poke holes in their mental model and set their understanding straight.
More: the best teachers can infer the errors in a student's mental model simply by observing their problem solving process. Here, again, asking a question is better than providing the answer. Instead of "you should type this instead" it might be better to ask: "What are the reasons that didn't work? How might we find a better way to do this? How will this line of code here interact with that object over there?"
The best way to build intuition, of course, is to encourage practice. The master must let the apprentice struggle and fail from time to time. This is where ping-pong test-driven development can be so beneficial: the master may write the test and allow the apprentice to struggle through the code (and vice-versa). This gives the apprentice a well-defined problem to work through. Sometimes when I do this I struggle to let go of the keyboard and let my pair take their time to work through the "pong" of my "ping". The best solution for me? Stepping away for a few minutes to get some coffee!
All of this takes intentionality, patience, and practice. Even when pairing: learning well is hard and teaching well is hard. Both teacher and student, master and apprentice, must strive towards the twin goals of building deep intuition and articulating robust mental models.
Crunch Time
It comes up on almost every consulting project I've worked on as a pivot, but this particular conversation was memorable. I was surreptitiously ushered into a room by the product manager (PM). Once inside, he shut the door:
So, I know you guys don't do crunch time… but we really need to ship by Monday.
I empathized with him, knowing that the pressure to hit the looming (and somewhat arbitrary) deadline was coming from upper management; and that a terrible gnawing fear was settilng in, threatening to drive all his decision-making.
But we don't do crunch time.
At Labs our culture revolves around a handful of axioms. Perhaps chief among these is sustainability. It is because we value sustainability – seeing the developer and PM as real-life human beings with real needs and limitations – that we place a high emphasis on pairing, TDD and data-driven product management.
Let me explain.
On pairing:
Because we pair 100% of the time, 40 hours a week, we are producing at close to peak efficiency during working hours. There isn't much time spent on distractions and there isn't much time wasted going down yak-hair-strewn rabbit holes. We get stuck less often and we keep each other honest striving to balance rapid forward progress with clean maintainable code.
Outside of our lunch hour and a daily 15-minute game of ping poing, we're writing code and (ideally) delivering business value.
Why do this? Because we believe that putting in a solid day's work – day in and day out – is a deeply satisfying and humanizing experience. We've also found that 8 hour pair-days, 5 days a week – week in and week out – is close to the limit of what's sustainable. Tacking on an extra hour or four at the end of a long day just leads to diminishing returns; doing so regularly risks dehumanizing burnout. Squeezing much more out of developers just isn't sustainable.
On TDD:
Because we test drive all our code, we are our future-selves' best friends. Tests help us write cleaner, more maintainable (and therefore sustainable), code. Tests make future refactors easy and stress-free. Tests keep bugs from creeping in and, when written well, can obviate the need for much traditional QA.
Writing and maintaining a test suite might seem like a wasteful time-consuming effort in the short run. But it pays massive dividends in the long run – both in terms of development speed and developer sanity.
Again: sustainability.
On data:
Because we pair and test drive all the time, a small team of pivots can sustainably maintain a relatively consistent level of productivity. We measure this productivity not in lines of code or number of tests or hours worked. Rather, we measure it in terms of delivered complexity.
We do this using Pivotal Tracker. Tracker allows us to annotate stories (units of feature work) with points. These points are a proxy for complexity (you could also say difficulty) and are determined not by a rigorous formula but, rather, by the gut-sense of the team working on the project. As stories are completed and delivered by developers, and subsequently accepted by the PM, Tracker is able to compute a running average of the number of points completed per week. We call this running average the project's velocity.
Velocity, then, is a measure of the rate at which the team, in its current configuration, can deliver code complexity. The point is not to compare one team's velocity to a different team's velocity — different teams may converge on different notions of complexity. Rather, the primary goal of all this data is to do one simple thing sustainably: to give the PM predictive power.
With this predictive power Tracker allos the PM to see, given a project's velocity, which features will land within a given time frame. Understanding this is crucial to our process.
Putting it all together
The PM who asked my team to enter "crunch time" was, effectively, asking my team to increase the amount of complexity we could deliver in a given period of time. Complexity delivered is proportional to velocity multiplied by time, so he saw a few options for doing this:
First, we could try to increase velocity by "working harder". But, because we pair all the time we are already working at close-to-peak efficiency. We might be able to get 5% more by "rallying the troops", so to speak, but generating a dramatic increase in velocity by fiat will simply isn't possible.
Alternatively, we could try to increase velocity by accumulating technical debt ("stop writing those silly tests!", "just throw the feature together!"). But because sustainability is a core principle, we are loathe to do this. Corners cut today will have to be pasted back in tomorrow. Doing so manifests as an artificially high velocity today at the cost of a depressed velocity tomorrow. This is terrible as it diminishes the predictive power that our velocity provides our PM.
Since complexity delivered is the product of velocity and time, we could try another approach: we could increase the amount of time we spend working. Again, we are loathe to do this precisely because sustainability is a core principle. Pulling extra hours leads to an unsustainable culture whose zenith is burnout.
Consistenly, Pivotal's answer to this problem is to clarify the PM's role. The PM has many knobs at their disposal but velocity is not one of them.
Instead, given a velocity, the PM is tasked with reordering or simplifying stories (features) to ensure that the stories they want arrive within a given timeframe.
The beauty of this approach is that it brings data to the table. Instead of flying blind and generating requirements that must be accomplished in fancifully short periods of time, the PM is empowered – by data – to make informed decisions about what is feasible within a given timeframe. Even better: the PM can take this data back to his or her superiors and help them reason rationally about the progress of the project.
In short: velocity allows PMs and product owners to make decisions grounded in reality. No suprises. No crunch time. Just a sustainable working environment for everyone involved.
Oh the hubris!
Confession is good for the soul.
The vision I've articulated here is, at best, a Platonic (i.e. idealized) description of how the Pivotal process is meant to work. Reality is, of course, messier. Pairs go down rabbit-holes less frequently than solo-developers – but they still go down rabbit holes. Test suites can vastly improve code maintainability – but writing good test suites takes skill and a poorly written suite becomes a maintanability problem of its own. Velocity is a reasonable predictor of future productivity – but it is most decidedly not a precise science. And while all this sounds so reasonable on paper – communication is one of the hardest things we humans try to do and, invariably, the supposedly clarifying properties of data must first make it through layer upon layer of misunderstanding.
Nevertheless, we aim for this ideal world – striving to improve our process and our selves as we do so. Because the best way to handle crunch time… is to avoid crunch time.
Listening Well
Julie Ann Horvath's public departure from GitHub has, once again, brought the question of gender equality in the tech world – and the San Francisco tech world, in particular – to the forefront of the blogosphere's fickle zeitgeist.
Sadly, important and difficult conversations rarely take hold amidst the ebb and flow of the trending and the interesting and – all-too-often – the blogosphere moves on, having merely scratched the surface of a topic with deep systemic roots.
This is my entry, on this topic, into that public record of dubious value. I strive to articulate this post with humility – fully aware (at least, as aware as I can be) of my place in the conversation. You see, I have great privilege: as a a male software engineer I am part of the majority and have not experienced the abuse and trial that women working in this field have endured. What could I possibly add to the conversation? What gives me the right to chime in? And why should anyone care about what I might have to say?
But chime in, I will. And with two simple points that, I am hopeful, could help deepen this important conversation by giving other male engineers – members of the majority – a framework with which to approach this issue.
Point #1: Don't assume. Ask. Then, listen.
A few years ago the topic of gender equality came up on a Pivotal Labs internal mailing list. This does not happen very often and I was curious to see how things would play out.
One well-meaning (male) engineer sent out a post lamenting what he perceived to be a male-centered engineering culture. One of his complaints? "We have a beer fridge." Amused, I brought my wife (a physicist, not an engineer) over and pointed the offending sentence out. Her reaction? "Wait. What? I love beer!" (Brown ales, to be precise.)
What happened here? Simple. That engineer thought, as we fallible humans so often do, that he understood. In particular, he thought he understood the contours of the systemic problems facing women in our field. Ironically, his outline of the problem only proves to illustrate a deeper problem: too often, we (male engineers) reason about this issue with naive assumptions that betray facile stereotypes (e.g. women don't like beer, men do).
How to fix this?
Don't assume.
Don't assume you understand the problems and concerns that women face in this field.
Instead of making assumptions, welcome women into the conversation and ask them to describe the problems and concerns themselves!
Then, listen.
And when you ask, drop everything and listen.
Point #2: Do not minimize or invalidate feelings and experiences.
But what does good and effective listening look like? There's a lot to say here but I want to hone in on one specific issue that I've seen come up time and time again. Naturally, this issue is quite general and extends beyond the question of gender discrimination in the tech industry.
A common way that we fallible humans respond to feedback – particularly negative feedback – is to minimize or invalidate the feelings and experiences of the person providing the feedback. This is grossly dishonest and harmful, as it communicates to the person providing feedback that their experience of reality is incorrect and, therefore, invalid. This breaks trust, shuts down conversation, and turns a learning and growing opportunity into yet another example of abuse.
To make this less abstract, I'd like to take a specific example coming out of Horvath's experience. In her communication with TechCrunch Horvath mentions an incident that broke the proverbial camel's back. In her own words:
Two women, one of whom I work with and adore, and a friend of hers were hula hooping to some music. I didn't have a problem with this. What I did have a problem with is the line of men sitting on one bench facing the hoopers and gawking at them. It looked like something out of a strip club. When I brought this up to male coworkers, they didn't see a problem with it. But for me it felt unsafe and to be honest, really embarrassing. That was the moment I decided to finally leave GitHub.
By way of example, let's imagine some possible responses of Horvath's male colleagues to her feedback. My intent is not to single out or put words into the mouths of Horvath's coworkers, but rather to use this concrete example as a springboard for unpacking the abstract point I'm trying to make.
Imagine a coworker responding with:
"We weren't gawking at you. You shouldn't feel the way you're feeling."
Such a response invalidates the feelings of the one providing feedback. It has things precisely backwards: when you are told that you have hurt someone you must understand that the person has been hurt. Whether or not you think they should feel hurt or not is irrelevant; you must understand that they were hurt and that they were hurt because of your actions. Yes, even though your actions may not have been directed at them.
Here's another possible response:
"I did not intend to hurt you. Get over it."
Whether it was your intent to hurt or not is irrelevant. Yes, of course, intentionally hurting someone is worse than unintentionally hurting someone. But you must understand that the experience of hurt is valid and real regardless of intent. To attempt to minimize or deflect the hurt because it was unintended is to evade responsibility and is unfair to the one who has been hurt.
And one more possible response:
"It's not a big deal. Why don't you just forget about it?"
Such a response minimizes the experience of the one providing feedback. It effectively says: your reading of reality is invalid – you're making too much of a small thing; chill out. This is deeply hurtful! Giving negative feedback is hard – overcoming that challenge and speaking up takes courage. Clearly this is a big deal that should not be swept under the rug.
Here's a much better response. One that takes the feedback seriously and opens up the conversation for future growth and healing:
"I understand that you were hurt by my actions and I now see that my actions were inappropriate. I apologize and will change my behavior. Thank you for having the courage to share this feedback; is there any other feedback you can offer me?"
Gender discrimation in the tech industry is a complex issue that must be approached with humility and honesty; with a heart bent on understanding, empathizing, and – ultimately – transforming behavior and culture. These two points are just small stepping stones towards a better framing of the conversation: Don't assume. Ask. Then, listen. And when you listen: don't minimize or invalidate feelings and experiences. Instead, listen well.


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An Aiken man was detained after leading law enforcement officers on a car chase that ended when he ran his vehicle into a parked patrol car, according to the Aiken Department of Public Safety.
Mark Winston Greathouse, 46, was transported to Georgia Health Sciences University, according to a statement from Aiken Public Safety. He will be charged with failure to stop for blue lights and siren, hit and run with property damage, malicious injury greater than $10,000, driving under suspension second offense and driving under the influence second offense.
Around 7:30 p.m. Tuesday, officers received a report of an erratic driver traveling south on Laurens Street near Hampton Avenue and that the driver had struck several mailboxes, according to the statement. Officers located the vehicle, a dark 2002 Honda Accord, near Laurens Street and Edgefield Avenue. The vehicle then reversed direction and began traveling north on Laurens Street, then turned east on Hampton Avenue, police said. Officers activated their emergency lights and sirens to stop the vehicle, which continued east down Hampton Avenue.
An Aiken County Sheriff's Office deputy attempted to deploy tire deflating "stop sticks" at the intersection of Hampton Avenue and Camellia Street, according to the statement. The deputy's vehicle, parked off the roadway, was struck by the Honda, ending the pursuit.
The deputy was not injured, according to the statement.
Officers were on the scene until about 9 p.m.
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The College of Pharmacy is a leader in the profession of pharmacy as it evolves to meet future demands. The college offers support of and encouragement to faculty in order to focus on a more clinical direction to ensure survival and best possible patient care practices, and to ensure students graduate with the best experience and skills for future success.
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Distinctive among other colleges of pharmacy, ONU integrates a comprehensive foundation in the pharmaceutical sciences and the practice of pharmacy along with a strong liberal arts curriculum. Outstanding clinical facilities and preceptors illustrate the application of knowledge to actual therapeutic decisions. The Doctor of Pharmacy program is designed to provide the student with the preparation and background for a successful career in a vital health profession.
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Faculty members are rewarded for excellence in the classroom but are expected to be professionally active in scholarship through research and/or maintaining a clinical practice site. This model allows the faculty member to focus on the importance of teaching while staying current within their discipline.


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The 15 Most Ridiculous Band Promo Photos
Number 1: Die Antwoord
It should have been obvious off the bat that Die Antwoord would top this list. Maybe it's a culture-clash thing, but their press photos all strike me as....odd. This one is my favorite though, because of the sweet repeating alien head / pot leaf / yin-yang motif in the background, plus the weirdo face they'reboth making. This photo below gets a well-deserved honorable mention, though....
....Because it is downright goddamn disturbing.
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HOME CBS West Virginia Mountaineers Gear West Virginia Mountaineers Kids Active Wear (17 items) Product ID: 616759
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Whether your young fan is vegging out at home or heading off to a play date, they can stay cozy while showing off their Mountaineers spirit with the Classic fleece pants from Nike. They feature a printed logo on the front left thigh, two side pockets and an elastic waist for a snug fit that's so comfy, they'll never want to take them off.
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text: There are vampires and there are men from outer space, but there is only one VAMPIRE FROM OUTER SPACE! Join your old pal Count Jackula from the Planet Drakula, as he explains the ins and outs of horror from the mythic to the modern. Blood, off color humor and an obsession with Elvira lie in store.


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The wait is finally over. McFarlane Toys is excited to present this first look at our seventh Halo action figure assortment. Based on the popular Halo video game universe, this assortment includes characters from the Halo 2, Halo 3, Halo 3: ODST, and Halo Wars video games.
Halo Series 7 will release to stores nationwide in March 2010. We hope the photography will help you cope with having to wait a bit longer before you can own these fantastic action figures.
HALO SERIES 7SGT. FORGE - Halo Wars figure comes with UNSC Shotgun, pistol (removable) and two frag grenades.
ONI OPERATIVE DARE - Halo 3: ODST figure comes with UNSC suppressed magnum and suppressed SMG.
TARTARUS - Halo 2 figure comes with Fist of Rukt (Gravity Hammer).
ELITE FLIGHT (yellow) - Halo 3 figure comes with Covenant beam rifle.
SPARTAN HAYABUSA (steel) - Halo 3 figure comes with UNSC Rocket Launcher. Exclusive to GameStop.
SPARTAN SECURITY (orange) - Halo 3 figure comes with two Brute Maulers. Exclusive to Toys R' Us and Toys R' Us Canada.
SPARTAN ROGUE (blue) - Halo 3 figure comes with UNSC Sniper rifle and two plasma grenades.
WEAPONS PACK - Pack includes Fuel Rod Gun, Spartan Laser, two Spike Rifles, two SMGs, two Shotguns, two Plasma Rifles, two Plasma Pistols, two Frag Grenades and two Plasma Grenades. Exclusive to Target.And we still have a few more Halo surprises planned that are guaranteed to "drive" up your excitement in the coming weeks. Stay tuned to spawn.com for more information on our upcoming 2010 Halo action figures.


text: Tom Degan: Michele Bachmann maintains that the Founding Fathers ended slavery, huh? She is off by years. Four score and seven years, to be exact. She also pegged John Quincy Adams as one of "the very founders that wrote those documents." He must have been quite the prodigy. When the Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, 8 year old John Quincy Adams was one week shy of his ninth birthday!


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'Is This Legal?': Creator of Ultimate Fight Championship recalls its earliest daysWritten by Jeff McGinnis | | email@example.com
As with many sports, the early days of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) are surrounded by legend that often distorts the reality of what happened. Even though the event was broadcast on pay-per-view and anyone can watch the tape all these years later, the origins of what would become known as Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) are often mixed with as many myths and half-truths as the tales of Abner Doubleday laying out the first foul lines in baseball.
A full two decades later, the man who first created the UFC has decided to set the record straight. Art Davie — advertising agent turned MMA innovator, whose idea first set in motion the UFC machine that still runs today — has written a book about the creation of that first Ultimate Fighting Championship show on Nov. 12, 1993. The title, fittingly: "Is This Legal?"
"I finally had the time at this point in my life to sit down and do it. And I think the 20th anniversary show last year — while it didn't precipitate the writing of the book — coincided with it," Davie said in an interview with Toledo Free Press. "Adam Goldberg, over at his production company in LA, working with Fox, put together a fairly definitive documentary, TV documentary of the first 20 years of the UFC, and I was featured pretty prominently in that first hour.
"And about three years ago, I became closer friends with Sean Wheelock, who brought it up to me on a number of occasions that we really should do a book. And Sean was adamant that this was a story that needed to be told."
Co-writing with Wheelock, Davie has crafted a consistently entertaining, often bizarre but always fascinating story about the brutal early days of the UFC — before Jon Jones, before Georges St. Pierre, before Chuck Liddell, heck, before rounds or judges. The kernel of an idea began with Davie years before, as he first took a short-term stab at prize fighting.
"If you were Jewish or Italian or Irish, there probably was someone in your family that boxed," Davie said. "I got into boxing a bit, did a little bit as an amateur, and did a little more in the Marines. Not great at it, but it did give me a taste of a combat sport.
"And as I talked about in the book, I wound up in an impromptu sparring match with a wrestler, and ended up with me on my back with this guy on top of me. And so, when I was in the service, the discussion about whether Bruce Lee could beat Muhammad Ali was one of those things that a lot of young guys would talk about, whether they were in college or in the service. It was one of those sports questions that popped up."
Davie never lost his interest in fighting, and years later, as he worked at an ad agency, the idea of pitting different styles against each other to determine the best blossomed into the idea for a show — a one-night tournament where competitors from around the world would compete in a catch-all, no-holds-barred series of matches.
"My boss got me into a meeting and I had the opportunity to present this idea to my boss' client. And they considered it but decided it was a little too radical, a little too — maybe even dangerous. So, the fact of the matter was, that information — when I left the agency, and they gave me permission to take it — I decided to go off and do something with it."
The idea of fighters with different disciplines competing against each other had been explored before, but usually ended up hamstringed by compromise so that the rules would benefit one fighter or the other. Davie may have faced such obstacles himself if he hadn't gained the confidence of Rorian Gracie and his family — up and coming names in Ju Jitsu whose participation in the first tournaments was crucial.
"It took me two years to get Rorian to get onboard with the 'World's Best Fighter' idea, which was my working title for it. I wanted to do a tournament, I wanted to do a pay-per-view. He was interested in growing his new school.
"I think what the Gracies gave me was the opportunity to have some credibility, because now when I called other people, it wasn't Art Davie, businessman. It was Art Davie, who had already recruited a family who had gotten some notoriety for being real good martial artists in mixed competition. And that was a plus."
The first UFC, held in Denver, Colorado, bears little resemblance to the pay-per-view extravaganzas held monthly nowadays. The fights have little structure. The contestants were free to wear whatever they wanted into the cage. The referees had minimal control over the proceedings. Most fights were quick and brutal affairs. Yet to say it was a complete gamble and that there was no guarantee there would be a UFC 2 — that's all part of the legend, Davie said.
"We knew going into this that this was going to be big. And when we signed the deal with Semaphore Entertainment — and it's in the book — we signed a five-year deal. This was not a one-shot. And that's some of the revisionist history of early UFC, 'Oh, those guys only did it as a spectacle, and it was only expected to be once.' Not true. We knew it was going to be an ongoing event. We were searching for the ultimate warrior, and we would do it over and over again, recruiting fighters from all over the world."
Indeed, as time has passed, the UFC evolved and passed onto new owners, the game of MMA grew and changed into something far different than what Davie envisioned all those years ago. But he always knew, from the first show on, that UFC was here to stay.
"That night, I was just on adrenaline, because I knew we were a hit. I didn't even have to see the numbers that came in Tuesday morning from pay-per-view to know that somehow, we were going to be able to appeal to young guys all over the planet."
Tags: Abner Doubleday, Adam Goldberg, Baseball, Chuck Liddell, Colorado, Denver, Georges St.Pierre, los Angeles, mixed martial arts, MMA, on Jones, prize fighting, Rorian Gracie, Sean Wheelock, UFC, Ultimate Fighting Championship, world's best fighter


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The resounding crack of the bat, a sudden roar of the crowd after a diving play, or the beauty of a perfectly orchestrated double play — these are the things that keep you coming back to the ballpark! It is also these events that urge you to don your Braves gear day in and day out, but always on game day. Whether attending a game at the ballpark or kickin' back on the couch to watch your favorite team dominate, make sure you're rockin' Nike's Carbon Fiber Pattern Logo tee. Featuring a large Braves logo with a carbon fiber inlay on the front, this Atlanta shirt screams team loyalty in premium style!
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The Chicago Fire's goal on the field is to play hard and win. Its goal off the field is to contribute to the quality of life in Chicago and its surrounding communities. Through the Chicago Fire Foundation, the Fire is able to give back to the community by developing programs that reach out to Chicagoland's community. Since 1998, the Chicago Fire Foundation, the charitable arm of the Chicago Fire Major League Soccer Team, has made significant contributions to enhance the lives of disadvantaged youth throughout Chicagoland.
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|Whether you want Sparky to surprise your guest(s) at your seats or to display a message, the Chicago Fire can help you create a memorable experience! Please choose which package best fits your needs and complete the online form.
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|Volunteers are essential to our existence. Your work helps make our team a model by providing an enjoyable experience for our fans and smooth execution of all of the operational elements of a professional soccer game. Volunteering with the Chicago Fire Soccer Club will help you build your resume and get your foot in the door with working in athletics.
|During each Chicago Fire home match, the Chicago Fire Foundation conducts a 50/50 raffle. Tickets are sold through the end of halftime and the winner is announced during the second half. Each winner receives half of the proceeds raised at that game and the other half benefits the Chicago Fire Foundation!
Contact Information
Jessica Yavitz
Executive Director Chicago Fire Foundation
Phone: (708)496-6740
Email: email@example.com


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8/14/2015Judicial Investiture for Pinellas County Court Judge Myriam Irizarry
9/4/2015St. Pete Bar September Membership Luncheon
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Rape charges against former International Monetary Fund chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn were dismissed on Oct. 2 after his accuser, a sexual escort, recanted her story of an alleged gang rape at a Washington, D.C., hotel in 2010. Strauss-Kahn is still facing charges on a suspected prostitution ring run out of a luxury hotel in Lille, France. (Photo: Efrem Lukatsky/AP)
Everything You Need to Know About the Samuel Dubose Case 08/03/2015
Everything You Need to Know About the Sandra Bland Case 08/02/2015
ICYMI: #100Days100Nights Challenge Threatens L.A. Lives 07/31/2015
Wrongfully Incarcerated: 20 Cases You Should Know 07/29/2015
#BlackWomenEqualPay: Twitter Shares Facts About the Wage Gap 07/28/2015
A Look at Racial Tensions in Waller County, Texas 07/27/2015
Reasons Why Anonymous Believes Sandra Bland Was Murdered 07/27/2015
Remembering Transgender People of Color Slain in 2015 07/22/2015
#JusticeforJonathanSanders Rally Held in Mississippi 07/20/2015
#IfIDieInPoliceCustody Twitter Hashtag Shows Sad Reality 07/18/2015
Obama Visits Prison, Calls For Fairer Justice System 07/17/2015
In NYC, Chokehold Case Is Latest in Series of Settlements 07/15/2015
What's Happening in the Walter Scott Case? 07/14/2015
What's Happening in Cleveland? 07/13/2015
The Confederate Flag Debate 07/10/2015
Justice for Freddie Gray: What's Happening in Baltimore? 07/08/2015
Tweets Of The Week: President Obama Keeps OutKast Rocking 07/03/2015
Everything You Need to Know About the Charleston Massacre 07/02/2015
Not Just the Flag: Confederate Symbols Across the Nation 06/30/2015


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- 18 & over
- Two item minimum
- Seating First Come First Serve
- All Shows Have Adult Content
Julio Gonzalez Live!
Share with your friends:
Purchase Tickets
Performing Artists (Click on Artist for Reviews and Previews)
Show Details
- Ticket Price: $0.00
- Door Time: 9:45 PM
- Show Type: Stand Up
18 & over
Two items minimum
Seating First Come First Serve
All Shows Have Adult Content
Julio was a comedian before he even knew it. He was always the funny guy where ever he went. Always trying to make people laugh no matter where he was, be it the back yard party or the grocery store. He was a regular at the comedy clubs not as a comedian but as a fan of comedy. At a company party he sat at a table of all women and had them laughing the entire time. They told him he should be a comedian and he thought: Hey, now there's an idea!
Still considered new to the comedy world, Julio has built a following with his stage presence, jokes and funny face. Julio's comedy is based on his experiences from people reminding him he's fat, to relationships and just having fun with life. He has created a fan base in Los Angeles County, Orange County, Ventura County, Texas, Arizona and Minnesota. His goal is to make everyone laugh. And become famouser!


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About UsPage address: http://www.mnsu.edu/studyabroad/about/
Caryn Lindsay, Director
With a diverse background of experiences from around the world, Caryn has been Director of International Programs since 2005. She has worked internationally for the U.S. Information Agency and for the State Department in Washington, D.C. and New York City. One of her most valued experiences was volunteering for a year with a women's center in Prishtina, Kosovo. Caryn has lived in Germany, Chile, and Italy and has been fortunate to visit Australia, China, Ghana, Scotland, New Zealand and many European countries. She speaks German, Spanish and Albanian.
Mandy Prorok, Education Abroad Advisor
Mandy is the primary point of contact for both outbound study abroad and incoming exchange students in the International Programs Office. She joins us after working in international education at both the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville and Arizona State University. As an undergraduate student, she studied abroad for a semester each in Germany and Scotland, and completed her graduate program internship at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. She also lived in Orebro, Sweden for one year and spent four years teaching English in elementary and middle schools in rural Japan through the JET Programme. Mandy has an MA in Intercultural Relations and is familiar with Swedish, German and Japanese languages.
Emma Ulrich, Education Abroad Coordinator
New to the International Programs Office in July 2014, Emma coordinates business and administrative functions. In her homeland of England, she originally worked for the national transportation system (London Underground Metro). Her path from England to the U.S. led her through France as well as eight years in the Cayman Islands, where, amongst other experiences, she worked with a multi-national medical staff from every continent as an Emergency Room Coordinator and Air Ambulance & Overseas Referral Coordinator. She also provided Crisis Management training to First Responders. After moving to Mankato in 2001, Emma worked in the field of Law and with non-profit rehabilitative services for people recovering from substance abuse. Her true passion is travel, which has provided her with "tourist level" language abilities in French, German and Spanish, and with both short and long-term adventures in Spain, France, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Monaco, Portugal, the Greek Islands, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Canada, Mexico and various part of the U.S.A.
Clayton Anzalone, Peer Advisor
Clayton came to Minnesota State Mankato to study International Relations and Communication Studies. He has lived here for one year after transferring from Western Technical College in LaCrosse, WI, where he studied Humanities and Nursing. Clayton feels very fortunate to have been involved in multiple political organizations during the past year, and is pursuing a career in the Foreign Service. He is here to help students better understand study abroad opportunities and to generally help in any way he can. Feel free to stop by the Kearney International Center (CSU 250) to speak with Clayton!
Shelley Loewenhagen, Graduate Intern/Peer Advisor
Shelley grew up in a tiny town in Wisconsin with her mom, dad, older brother, and twin sister. She completed her Bachelor of Science degree in Family Consumer Science Education at the University of Wisconsin-Stout. During her time there, she participated in a 3 1/2 week faculty-led study abroad program to Scotland and Ireland. She had a fantastic time! The photo to the left was taken in Ireland. Shelley is now completing her Master of Science degree in Counselling and Student Personnel, College Student Affairs here at Minnesota State Mankato and learning about all the ins-and-outs of study abroad programming. Stop by CSU 250 to talk to Shelley about your study abroad/domestic exchange interests!
Office Hours
HOURS OF OPERATION: Monday - Friday: 8:00am - 4:30pm (Summer Hours: 7:30am - 4:00pm)
Clayton, Shelley and Emma are all happy to speak with students on a walk-in basis. Appointments can be made with Caryn or Mandy by calling the International Center reception desk at 507-389-1281507-389-1281, stopping by CSU 250, or sending an email to email@example.com.
Contact InformationThe Elizabeth and Wynn Kearney International Center
250 Centennial Student Union
Minnesota State University, Mankato
Mankato, MN 56001 Ph: 507-389-1281 507-389-1281


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Ullswater 'Steamers' is an award winning environmental accredited Lake District attraction celebrating over 150 years of operating lake cruises on England's most beautiful lake, Ullswater. Ullswater 'Steamers' create the perfect opportunity to combine a lake cruise with some of the most famous and spectacular walks in the Lake District.
If you are looking for great Lake District attractions and Lake District activities please look no further than Ullswater 'Steamers' for great days out. Read through our story, we have links to Arthurian legends, Wordsworth "Daffodils", Donald Campbell. Want to know more...
Cumbria Tourism Sustainable Tourism Award winning attraction
Ullswater 'Steamers' create the perfect choice to host your celebration on one of the most spectacular settings for any celebration: weddings; birthdays; engagements or anniversaries.
More Details
Great days out for groups with a variety of cruise options to suit timings and budgets, we cater for educational visits, specialist tours and international visitors.
More Details
At Ullswater 'Steamers', we understand the integral role that corporate hospitality plays in developing beneficial business relationships with clients and staff. More Corporate visit details
Join us for a cruise and a walk and we guarantee a great educational day out. We have a selection of activities available for Key Stages 1-3 and above, all linked to the National Curriculum. More Education visit details
Find out what Sammy is hiding and join in the fun for quizzes, competitions & colouring in More Kids' Club details


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Confusion is the inability to think as clearly or quickly as you normally do. You may feel disoriented and having difficulty paying attention, remembering, and making decisions.
See also: Dementia
Disorientation; Thinking - unclear; Thoughts - cloudy
Confusion may come on quickly or slowly over time, depending on the cause. Many times, confusion is temporary. Other times it is permanent and not curable. It may be associated with delirium or dementia.
Confusion is more common in the elderly, and often occurs during a hospital stay.
Some confused people may have strange or unusual behavior or may act aggressively.
A good way to find out if someone is confused is to ask the person his or her name, age, and the date. If they are unsure or answer incorrectly, they are confused.
For sudden confusion due to low blood sugar (for example, from diabetes medication), the person should drink a sweet drink or eat a sweet snack. If the confusion lasts longer than 10 minutes, call the doctor.
A confused person should not be left alone. For safety, the person may need physical restraints.
To help a confused person:
See also: Dementia - home care
Call 911 if:
If you have been experiencing confusion, call for an appointment with your doctor.
The doctor will do a physical examination and ask questions such as:
Tests may include:
Inouye SK. Delirium and other mental status problems in the older patient. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 26.
Knopman DS. Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 425.
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch)
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- 2013 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


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Office of Multicultural Affairs
University of Wisconsin-Superior
Old Main 230
Belknap and Catlin
P.O. Box 2000
Superior, WI 54880
ph. 715-394-8084
fax. 715-394-8054
Office of Multicultural Affairs
News and Events Details
The University of Wisconsin-Superior campus will honor graduating multicultural students for the 2013 - 2014 academic year. This will be our 17th annual Multicultural Affairs/First Nations Honoring Reception.
Everyone is invited to attend this amazing event which will be held at 6:00 pm Friday, May 16 in the Multicultural Center in Old Main, room 232.
We will recognize each of our African American, American Indian, Hispanic, Asian American and other students who have been consistently involved in our programs. These are students who have graduated in December 2013 or will graduate in May 2014.
Cultural performances and presentations will be a part of this reception. A "Community Diversity Award" will be presented to 2002 alumnus Leslie Gibbs for his work in the areas of diversity and equity throughout our communities.
Food will be served.
If you should have any questions please contact Ivy Vainio at 715-394-8415 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Plummer-Vinson syndrome is a condition that can occurs in people with long-term (chronic) iron deficiency anemia. People with this condition have problems swallowing due to small, thin growths of tissue that partially block the upper food pipe (esophagus).
Paterson-Kelly syndrome; Sideropenic dysphagia; Esophageal web
The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown. Genetic factors and a lack of certain nutrients (nutritional deficiencies) may play a role. It is a rare disorder that can be linked to cancers of the esophagus and throat. It is more common in women.
You may develop skin and nail abnormalities that your doctor can see during an exam.
Taking iron supplements may improve the swallowing problems.
If supplements do not help, the web of tissue can be widened during upper endoscopy. This will allow normal swallowing and passage of food.
People with this condition generally respond to treatment.
Devices used to stretch the esophagus (dilators) may cause a tear, which leads to bleeding.
Plummer-Vinson syndrome has been linked to esophageal cancer.
Call your health care provider if:
Getting enough iron in your diet may prevent this disorder.
Long JD, Orlando RC. Anatomy, histology, embryology, and developmental anomalies of the esophagus. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 41.
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch)
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- 2013 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


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Barnes and Noble has announced its summer reading program for kids. The criteria is simple: Read any 8 books and record them in the Reading Journal. There is no restriction to the type of book — it can be fiction or non-fiction, short or long — it doesn't matter. In the Reading Journal, you'll also need to write down whom you would recommend this book to and why you would recommend this book. Bring the completed Reading Journal to any participating Barnes and Noble store, and your kid can receive a free book. The list of available free books is in the Reading Journal PDF link above.
Easter Egg Hunt At Trader Joe's 2014
A few days ago, I went to my local Trader Joe's, and found a sign outside of its entrance announcing its Easter Egg Hunt event:
Sunday, April 20th, 2014, Easter Sunday
Ages 3 or younger: 7:50 am
Ages 4+: 7:55 am
Since we were not able to make it to any of the other local Easter Egg Hunt events, we decided to go to this one even though it means getting up early.
Books To Read After Nate The Great
Nate The Great is an excellent series of books for young readers around first grade. A common question comes up: What books should I get for my young readers after they have graduated from Nate the Great and Olive Sharp (Nate's cousin)? Here we list 12 book series that your child may enjoy, listed in order of difficulty (easiest first):
Pinky and Rex series by James Howe
The stories of Pinky and Rex, two best friends. The reading level is comparable to Nate the Great.
Young Cam Jansen series by David Adler
In each book, our heroine Cam Jansen solves a mystery. The Young Cam Jansen series is easier than the regular Cam Jansen series. Books are about 30 pages, and there are pictures on every page.
Cam Jansen series by David Adler
The same as the Young Cam Jansen series, except this is for more advanced readers. Small pictures on about half of the pages. Each book is about 50 pages long.
Arthur series by Marc Brown
Continuation of the Arthur picture books found in the Junior Easy Reader section. Full-page pictures on about 20% of the pages. Each book is about 50 pages long.
Horrible Harry series by Suzy Kline
Stories about Horrible Harry. This series of books have a small amount of pictures on half of the pages. About 60-70 pages.
Jigsaw Jones Mystery series by James Preller
A mystery series. Small amount of pictures on about half of the pages. About 60-70 pages.
Rainbow Magic – The Fairy Series by Daisy Meadows
Girls who like fairies will love this series of books. This is the story of Kristy and Rachel and how they help the fairies to fight back Jack Frost and his goblins, who are always trying to ruin things. Has a small amount of pictures on most pages. These books are about 60-70 pages long.
Amelia Bedelia series by Herman Parish
There are two levels of Amelia Bedelia books. The easy level I'd consider to be slightly easier than Nate the Great series. The advanced level has small pictures on most pages and is over 100 pages long.
Disney Fairies series by various authors
Each book is just over 100 pages and is a story centered around Disney Fairies. This series of books is not written by a single author, but has many different authors. Good for kids who like Disney Fairies.
Capital Mysteries series by Ron Roy
The story of KC and Marshall and the mysteries they solve. This series of books have few pictures and are about 80-100 pages.
A to Z Mysteries series by Ron Roy
Also a mystery book series, this is the story of Dink, Josh, and Ruth Rose, written by the same author as the Capital Mysteries. This series of books are typically over 100 pages long and have few pictures.
Magic Tree House by Mary Pope Osborne
The stories of Jack, Annie, and the Magic Tree House, which takes the two siblings to exotic places such as the moon and the Amazon rain forest. Although in fiction form, Magic Tree House books incorporate history, geography, and science elements into the book so children learn about those topics while reading the book.
Book Sharing Reading List For 1st Grade
Here is a list of books on the recommended list for a book sharing project for first graders. These books are winners of the Caldecott Medal, which is awarded to the artist of the most distinguished American picture book.
Continue reading
Difference Among Karate, Judo, and Taekwondo
For parents who are interested to send their kids to a martial arts class, it is confusing to first decide what kind of martial arts class to sign up for. The three most common ones that are available are karate, judo, and taekwondo. This article will discuss the differences among the three.
List of Free Printable Reading Comprehension Worksheets
A while back I was looking for free printable reading comprehension worksheets for first graders, and I realized that I needed to sift through the online search results: Some of the sites required you to register, some of the sites offered free sheets but they weren't what I was looking for. Below I have compiled a list of 6 sites, along with the number of free reading comprehension sheets for each site. All the sites satisfy the following criteria:
- Completely free — no need to buy anything.
- No need to register for the site.
- The sheets all have an article/poem for kids to read, and the kids then need to answer questions based on what they read.
- The sheets can be easily printed — on some site you may have to look around to find a way to print the sheets.
Kids Reading Levels
Once a kid enters kindergarten (and sometimes before that), parents will start to worry about whether the kids is reading up to the level of his or her peers. The good news is, there are quite a few reading levels that can be used to assess how well a child is reading. The most popular ones are below:
- Fountas & Pinnell
- Basal Level
- DRP (Degrees of Reading Power)
- Reading Recovery
- DRA Level
- Lexile Level


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New Orleans Cocktail Crawl: Where to Drink Like a Local in the French Quarter
A cocktail crawl through the French Quarter, to the ambitious but uninitiated, is a game of chance. Beating the odds and finding great drinks requires talking up the bar staff, asking lots of questions, and being open to some of the chattiest, most genuinely friendly people on earth. Along the way, make sure to find yourself bellied up to at least one of these five local favorites. More


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Incredible, Far-Reaching Changes Coming to Comic Series
Friday, June 17, 2005
The groundbreaking 150th issue of Spawn is coming this fall and we've got huge news to share concerning the comic and the character that is the very wellspring of the McFarlane Companies.
First, the obvious: The 150th issue of an independent and often dark and disturbing comic book, one that saw its first issue hit shelves in June of 1992, is a truly big deal.
Regular readers know that the core Spawn character has been changing, adapting to his Hell-born powers and his circumstances, transforming into an organic force of nature. Spawn #150 is the marker that signals a real turn in Spawn's existence.
The sleeping giant has awoken.
"I have to keep pushing the limits of my character and the direction I've always envisioned for him," said Spawn creator Todd McFarlane. "I believe that we've been pacing a bit slowly, so we're moving onto the super-highway with Spawn. Enormous changes are in store changes at a cosmic level and it's tremendously exciting."
To increase the pace and the energy of the book, we're proud to welcome a new creative team to the fold. Penciler Angel Medina and longtime writer Brian Holguin were masterful in creating with Todd's direction the current world of the Hellspawn.
Now we're ushering in the team to take it to the next level: phenomenally talented penciler Philip Tan (of Uncanny X-Men fame) and British writer extraordinaire David Hine (best-known for District X, Strange Embrace and Daredevil).
Brian Haberlin -- a man who knows the Spawn mythos inside, out and backward -- will become the new editor-in-chief of Spawn and will bring a new energy (and new projects?) to the Spawn universe. He, along with the new creative team, will be in charge of turning Todd's vision into reality.
Spawn #150 itself will be a special double-length story with added editorial content, pinup art and much more. It will feature four variant covers from four unique artists: Todd McFarlane, Greg Capullo, Philip Tan and Jim Lee.
Want a bold new enemy for Spawn? Check. Got it.
This incredible issue will serve as a jumping-on point for new readers and marks an undeniable change in the future of the Spawn that will intrigue longtime readers. Don't miss it when it hits stores in September.
>> SPAWN #150 / PHILIP TAN SKETCH GALLERY (6 images)


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Get in Touch
Admission Office: 800-456-9009 or 727-864-8331
Fax: 727-866-2304
Office of Admission
Eckerd College
4200 54th Avenue South
St. Petersburg, FL 33711
Use the map below to identify your counselor.
Just click on the state where you attend high school.
We have many counselors available to serve your area, to find the one closest to you, please enter your 5-digit zip code below.
If you are an international student or American abroad, please contact the Coordinator for International Admission. Likewise, all transfer students may contact the Coordinator of Transfer Admission.


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Fashion News
Happy Birthday Gisele! Look Back At Her Best Ever Instagram Posts
We oohed and ahhed when we caught a - very grainy - glimpse of Anne Hathaway's wedding dress, but the paparazzi-style snaps were just not. eee. nuff. So how happy are we that, one month later, an actual proper photo of the blushing bride has emerged. Yippee!
Thanks to US Vogue, which the actress covers for the December issue, we can see Anne's breathtaking Valentino gown in all its glory. Frothy, feminine and with a lace headband + veil, it's even more wonderfully whimsical than imagined - although not quite as pink as we'd orginally hoped. You can barely make out the pale touch of colour on the hemline, can you?
Speaking about the gown, Anne said: 'I begged [Valentino] during the first fitting to make the train detachable. He looked at me and said 'But it is a dress, not a costume.' The memory of creating it with him is something that I will treasure forever. He somehow read my mind and designed the dress that I'd always wanted.'
It was in October that Anne married her boyfriend of four years, Adam Shulman, on a private residence in California during a ceremony 'inspired by nature'. Legendary designer Valentino was the man behind the bride's off-the-shoulder dress, which was made of layers of silk chiffon and influenced by romantic, vintage creations.
So it seems Jessica Biel, or indeed Gwen Stefani, still hold the celebrity crown for pinkest ombre wedding dress. With this in mind, let's review our fave pink wedding dresses in the gallery above. Bride-spiration, anyone?
You May Also Like
Fashion News
Happy Birthday Gisele! Look Back At Her Best Ever Instagram Posts
Beauty Products
10 Hot Sunscreens To Protect Your Body
Style Hunter
The Biggest Trends At AW15 Couture Week
Latest Stories


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Good Morning Heart
Hope Everyone Enjoys! This Is Just Me Having a Good Time :) 10 Points to Whoever Can Guess What I Draw At the End ;)
Using My Spit to Beat One Out, Enjoy!
Woke Up This Morning and Needed to Work One Out, Decided to Catch It on Tape! Enjoy!


text: Ok folks I figure this one has already been talked to death but I cant seem to find any info on it.I'm planning on using a 23mm 5.56 bbl from k-var on a romainian "g" kit.I'm not worried about being able to install the bbl attachments(fsb,gas-block etc),but instead the feeding issues that I'm sure to incounter. Do I need a 5.56 trunnion? I know the bolt head will have to be different and the carrier also,but is there away to convert the parts from the parts kit to work?Any help would be greatly appreciated and I am not afraid of work as I have more time than money. I dont want the budget from this to exheed the cost of a decent 5.56 new ak. Another option would be a parts kit in 5.56. Anyone know where I could find one of these?


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Tag Archives: Kèlè Mandi
Watch Rokia Traoré Perform Three Songs on KEXP
Posted: June 18, 2014
Malian musician Rokia Traoré has gained international acclaim with her latest album Beautiful Africa, a collection of rock-infused tracks that recall the type of music that first inspired her.
And during a trip through North America, Traoré stopped into Seattle's KEXP studios to play a few new songs, including "Sarama," which is a praise song to Malian women partly sung in English, and "Kèlè Mandi."
Watch the entire performance after the jump and visit her official website for more information. (more…)
Tags: Ka Moun Kè, Kèlè Mandi, KEXP, Live Performance, Rokia Traore, Sarama
Posted In: Artists Blogs, Home Page | Leave a comment