text:
Business Dictionary
Decision tree
Copyright © 2006, Campbell R. Harvey. All worldwide rights reserved. Do not reproduce without explicit permission.
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Chattanooga at Alabama
Tuscaloosa, Ala.
Dec. 8, 2012
- Chattanooga posted a 72-58 win at Alabama to improve to 7-1 on the season (2-0 SoCon). Alabama falls to 5-2 overall.
- Lady Mocs even the all-time record with the Tide at 5-5...it is the second-straight win in the series for UTC after a 62-34 win at home on Dec. 15, 2007...UTC is 2-1 all-time at Alabama.
- Couple this with the season-opening 80-71 win over No. 20 Tennessee at UTC has defeated two SEC teams in one season for the first time since beating Florida (80-55) and Mississippi State (72-62) in 1982-83.
- The last time the Lady Mocs defeated an SEC team on the road was a 62-54 win at Mississippi State on Dec. 12, 1985.
- Chattanooga is 3-1 against Alabama in the Wes Moore era (since 1998-99).
- UTC's 7-1 record is the best start to the season since going 8-1 to being the 1999-00 campaign.
- Lady Mocs went up big at the break 72-58...UTC is now 5-0 on the year when leading at the half.
- Chattanooga dominated the glass, outrebounding Alabama 57-40...the 57 boards are a season-high for UTC...most boards by the Lady Mocs since grabbing 58 against Elon on Jan. 30, 2010.
- UTC was 10-25 (40.0%) from 3-pt. range...it is the third time this season the Lady Mocs made 10+ threes...UTC came into the game leading the SoCon with 7.1 threes/game.
- Chattanooga committed a season-high 22 turnovers.
- Five Lady Mocs scored in double figures for the first time this season - Dewart (19), Hall (14), Lambert (13), Towns (11), Christopher (10).
- Alabama never led in the game...scored was tied at seven with 16:47 in the first half before UTC went on a 19-3 run to control the game.
- Tide cut the second-half lead to seven (52-45) on a pair of FTs by Briana Hutchen with 9:26 left in the game...Lady Mocs responded with seven straight points over the next three minutes to take control of the game.
Alex Black (Jr. - G)
- Tied a career-high with a team-high five assists.
- Tied a season-high with six boards.
Kayla Christopher (Sr. - G)
- First career double-double with 10 points and game-high-tying 10 boards.
- Third time in her career with 10+ boards.
- Shot 3-7 from 3-pt. range and 1-2 from the FT line.
Ashlen Dewart (Jr. - F)
- Team-high 19 points on 9-13 shooting and 1-4 from the FT line.
- Added eight boards.
Taylor Hall (Jr. - F)
- 14 points on 6-11 shooting, 1-5 from 3-pt. range and 1-1 from the FT line.
- Added seven boards.
Kylie Lambert (Sr. - G)
- 13 points on 4-15 shooting, 2-4 from 3-pt. range and 2-2 from the FT line.
- Added nine boards.
Ka'Vonne Towns (So. - G)
- Tied a career-high with 11 points off the bench.
- Went 4-5 form the field and 3-3 from 3-pt. range.
- Tied a career-high with four assists.
- Tied a career-high with three 3-pt. FGs.

subset: commoncrawl


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Norman Parke vs. Kazuki Tokudome added to UFC 162 in Las Vegas | News
A lightweight matchup between Northern Irish fighter Norman Parke (17-2 MMA, 1-0 UFC) and Japanese import Kazuki Tokudome (12-3-1 MMA, 1-0 UFC) is the latest addition to UFC 162.
UFC officials today announced the new booking.
Featuring a UFC middleweight title fight between current champion Anderson Silva and undefeated contender Chris Weidman, UFC 162 takes place July 6 at MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. The main card airs on pay-per-view following prelims on FX and Facebook.


text:
Deputy Editorial Director, Iron Fist of BuzzFeed
Preview Your Response
Here Are The Top Stories
- Dylann Roof wants to plead guilty to the charges against him in the Charleston church shooting, his attorney said, but a judge entered a not guilty plea for him on Friday.
- The U.S. Coast Guard has suspended its search for two teenagers who went missing a week ago off the coast of Florida.
- Beijing will host the 2022 Winter Olympics, becoming the first city to host both the summer and winter games.


text:
Fri., March 26*
vs. Texas Stars
Allstate Arena
7:30 p.m.
Sat., March 27*
at Rockford IceHogs
Rockford MetroCentre
7 p.m.
Sun., March 28^
vs. Texas Stars
Allstate Arena
3 p.m.
*Comcast Network 100
Log on to chicagowolves.com for broadcast schedule, or to watch or listen to the action live online
Chicago clinched a berth in the 2010 Calder Cup Playoffs with its win over San Antonio on Sunday, marking the 14th time in 16 years the squad has qualified for the postseason. The Wolves are six points away from securing home ice in the first round.
--- Tim Stapleton: Collected three goals and four points in three games this week, which includes potting both of Chicago's goal in regulation on Sunday ... Ranks second on the team and shares eighth in the AHL with 29 goals and ranks second on the Wolves and shares 20th in the league with 58 points in 70 games this year ... Is the only Wolves player to have appeared in all 70 matchups this season ... Bagged four goals in his last three outings after being held to four markers in his previous 22 matchups
--- Drew MacIntyre: Turned aside 73 of 75 shots he faced in two appearance this week, which includes a season-high 45 shots in regulation and overtime and kicking out all four attempts in the shootout on Sunday ... Shares seventh in the AHL with a .920 save percentage and ranks 11th in the league with a 2.44 goals-against average in 36 outings this season (19-14-2) ... Held opponents to two or fewer goals in 20 appearances this season
--- Joey Crabb: Notched three assists and four points in three games this week, which includes his 10th multiple-point outing on Saturday ... Ranks third on the team with a career-high 22 goals and shares fifth with 25 assists - one shy of matching a career high ... Holds fourth on the team with a career-best 47 points in 69 games overall this season
--- Jason Krog: Held scoreless on Sunday after recording three assists and four points in his previous three contests ... Ranks first on the Wolves and second in the AHL with 56 assists and paces the team and ranks fifth in the league with
70 points in 68 matchups this year
--- Chicago (45-19-1-5) ranks third in the AHL with 45 wins and 96 points, the third most victories and second most points in team history through 70 games.
--- With 10 games remaining in their regular season, the Wolves hold a nine-point cushion over Texas for the West Division lead.
--- Defenseman Arturs Kulda has accrued a +6 rating in his last three games and paces the AHL with a +45 plus/minus rating in 58 games overall this season; the 21-year-old blueliner has registered a plus or even rating in 50 of his 58 outings this year.
--- The Wolves have potted a short-handed strike in each of their last two games and share fourth in the league with 13 shorties overall this season.
--- Center Kevin Doell posted his second multiple-goal outing of the season on Saturday, and has bagged three goals in his last three games; the 30-year-old forward shares sixth on the team with 14 goals and ranks eighth with 34 points in 69 games this season.
--- The Wolves have surrendered one man-advantage marker in each of the last three contests after allowing just one power-play goal in their previous six games; Chicago ranks seventh in the league with an 84.3 efficiency rating on the penalty kill (225 of 267).
--- Chicago has bagged just one power-play goal in its last nine outings (one for 24); the Wolves rank 14th in the AHL with an 17.6 efficiency rating on the power-play (50 of 284).
--- The Wolves will host the 10th annual Skates Mates Kids Club party, exclusively for members, at the Allstate Arena tonight from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Kids clubs members will have the opportunity to meet and greet their favorite players, get a tour of the Wolves locker room and get the chance to try on hockey equipment. For more information or to sign up, call 1-800-THE-WOLVES.
Sat., March 21
(at) Chicago 3, San Antonio 2 (SO)
--- The Wolves clinched a berth in the 2010 Calder Cup Playoffs with a 3-2 shootout victory over the San Antonio Rampage at the Allstate Arena
--- Right wing Tim Stapleton provided both Wolves goals in regulation and converted in the shootout, as did left wing Andrew Kozek
--- Goaltender Drew MacIntyre made a season-high 45 saves in regulation and overtime and stopped all four San Antonio attempts in the shootout
Sat., March 20
(at) Chicago 6, San Antonio 3
--- The Wolves gave up three goals in the game's first 10 minutes but rallied with six straight markers for a 6-3 win over San Antonio at the Allstate Arena
--- Center Kevin Doell (2G) was one of five Wolves to dent the net
--- Goaltender Drew MacIntyre stopped all 28 shots he faced in 49:59 of relief duty to pick up the win
Tue., March 16
Chicago 4, (at) Milwaukee 3
--- The Wolves scored three goals in the third period to come back and earn a 4-3 win over the Milwaukee Admirals at the Bradley Center
--- Forwards Tim Stapleton, Kevin Doell, Rylan Kaip and Johnny Pohl scored
--- Goaltender Peter Mannino made 26 saves on 29 shots


text:
Save big and lock in your tickets for Opening Day! Today through Fan Fest, the Rays are offering a special eight-game Fan Fest Pack starting at just $105. You get a ticket to the Home Opener, plus you get to choose the remaining seven games.*
Don't wait -- these packs and great savings won't be available after 4 p.m. on Saturday, Feb. 16!
*Games may be selected in April, May or June. See Game Designations below.
Fan Fest Pack buyers will receive a coupon for 20% off the price of an autograph wristband at Fan Fest. After purchasing your Fan Fest Pack online, you may collect your coupon(s) at the Tropicana Field Box Office at Gate 1 on Saturday, February 16, starting at 9 a.m. Present your photo ID in order to claim your coupon (one per Fan Fest Pack purchased). Tropicana Field gates will open at 10 a.m. Your Fan Fest Pack tickets will be mailed if you do not attend Fan Fest.
Tropicana Field Seating Chart »


text:
A method and system for treating a patient's heart exhibiting arrhythmia by first detecting electrical activity within the patient's heart to determine the location of the arrhythmogenic site or conductive pathway causing the arrhythmia and then creating an infarct within the region of the patient's heart where the arrhythmogenic site or the conductive pathway causing the arrhythmia is located by delivering an occluding element to a coronary artery which delivers oxygenated blood to said region of the patient's heart. In one presently preferred embodiment the occluding element is a flaccid or limp coil which when disposed in a coronary arterial passageway forms a randomly shaped, intertwined mass which quickly forms thrombus within the coronary artery to block the passage of oxygenated blood therethrough. The flaccid coil may be delivered through an inner lumen of a catheter which has a distal portion extending within the coronary artery.
1. An elongated intravascular device for treating a patient's heart which exhibits arrhythmia, comprising:
a) an elongated shaft having a proximal section and a distal section which is much shorter than the proximal section and which is configured to be advanced within a coronary artery disposed within a region of the patient's heart from which electrical activity causing the arrhythmia originates or is conducted;
b) a plurality of sensing electrodes spacially disposed on the distal shaft section which are adapted to receive electrical signals from within the coronary artery disposed within the region of the patient's heart;
c) a plurality of electrical conductors which are electrically connected to separate sensing electrodes on the distal shaft section, which extend to a proximal extremity of the elongated shaft, and which are adapted to transfer electrical signals received by the sensing electrode connected thereto; and
d) a occluding element releaseably secured to the distal section of the elongated shaft which is adapted to form thrombus when disposed within a patient's coronary artery and to thereby occlude the artery.
2. The elongated intervascular device of claim 1 wherein the occluding element is a helical coil.
3. The elongated intravascular device of claim 2 wherein a proximal portion of the helical coil is secured by a solder to the distal section of the shaft.
This is a divisional application of copending application Ser. No. 08/188,384 which was filed on Jan. 27, 1994, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 08/010,818 filed Jan. 29, 1993 now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 08/043,449 filed Apr. 5, 1993 now abandoned which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 08/057,294 filed May 5, 1993 now abandoned.
This invention generally relates to the treatment of arrhythmia and particularly an intravascular method and system for treating arrhythmia.
Prior methods for treating a patient's arrhythmia include the use of antiarrhythmic drugs such as sodium and calcium channel blockers or drugs which reduce the Beta-adrenergic activity. Other methods include the surgically sectioning the origin of the signals causing the arrhythmia or the conducting pathway for such signals. More frequently, however, in order to terminate an arrhythmia the arrhythmogenic site which causes the arrhythmia or conductive pathways which propagate aberrant signals are destroyed by heat, e.g. applying a laser beam or radio frequency (RF) energy to a desired location on the patient's endocardium. A major problem of ablating the origin of the signals or a conductive pathway is to accurately determine the location of the site so that an excessive amount of good tissue is not destroyed adjacent the site.
For example, the average arrhythmogenic site consists of about 1.4 cm2 of endocardial tissue, whereas a re-entrant site might be much larger. RF ablation techniques produce lesions about 0.5 cm2 in diameter, so a number of lesions might be generated in order to completely ablate the area of interest. If the site is not accurately mapped, much of the good tissue surrounding the site will be unnecessarily destroyed.
Other methods to terminate arrhythmia have been tried but they have not been used clinically to any great extent for a variety of reasons. For example, ethanol may be injected into a branch of a coronary artery which feeds an arrhythmogenic region of the patient's heart or a conductive pathway therein to occlude the arterial passage and create a controlled infarct at the arrhythmogenic site or the conductive pathway to terminate the arrhythmia. However, due to reflux of the ethanol, it is not always possible to control the region of cytotoxic activity within the heart. Additionally, over time, it has been found that the occluded arterial passageway frequently is subject to recanalization which can allow the arrhythmia to return.
What has been needed is an effective method and system for permanently occluding a portion of a patient's coronary artery which feeds the tissue of a patient's heart causing the arrhythmia, such as an arrhythmogenic or re-entrant site or a conductive pathway, in order to the terminate an arrhythmia.
This invention is directed to a method and system for treating a patient's heart exhibiting arrhythmia by effectively occluding an arterial passageway which feeds oxygenated blood to heart tissue causing the arrhythmia and which preferably includes the intravascular detection of electrical activity or signals within a patient's heart causing the arrhythmia.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the tissue causing the arrhythmia such as an arrhythmogenic or re-entry site or a conductive pathway, is first located within a patient's heart, preferably intravascularly, and then an occluding element is advanced through the patient's coronary arterial system to a small arterial vessel where the occluding element is deposited to block the flow of oxygenated blood therethrough. The ischemic conditions created by such blockage distal to the occluding element ultimately leads to an infarct which terminates the arrhythmia. The occluding element of the invention remains in the coronary arterial passageway, so there is little tendency for recanalization to occur which might lead to the recurrence of the arrhythmia.
In one presently preferred embodiment of the invention, the occluding member is an open-bodied element such as a flexible helical coil or a braided tubular element which, when deposited in a small coronary arterial passageway, will promptly form thrombus and thereby occlude the arterial passageway. Preferably, the thrombus forming element is limp or flaccid so that when introduced into the arterial passageway it will form a randomly shaped, intertwined mass in which thrombus quickly forms to occlude the arterial passageway. Other means for occluding the arterial passageway include expandable occluding elements such as an inflatable balloon or an expandable mechanical element which blocks fluid flow through the passageway. The occluding means is preferably delivered to the desired location within the arterial passageway of the patient's heart by an intravascular catheter which has an inner lumen extending therein to a discharge port in the distal end of the catheter.
One presently preferred embodiment of the invention is an exceptionally flexible, ultrasoft vaso-occlusive or embolism device which is made of a radiopaque material which may be braided or coiled to form a long, thin threadlike device having little rigidity or column strength. The diameter of the device may be less than about 0.010 inches (0.25 mm), preferably less than about 0.0075 inches (0.19 mm) in diameter. The wire making up the device is typically of a diameter less than about 0.002 (0.05 mm) inches. The device is sufficiently flexible and small that it may be hydraulically delivered to a site within a coronary artery of a human heart using a catheter. The device is so light that it typically cannot be pushed from the catheter in the way that coils are often introduced into vascular site. Because of their flexibility and size, there is little opportunity for friction to develop with the catheter lumen.
The occluding device typically assumes a loose, random, intertwined mass after being ejected from the catheter tip at the selected arterial site. The device, whether coil or braid, may be used in conjunction with larger coils or braids to achieve a denser occlusion.
This embodiment also includes first introducing a vasoocclusive coil having a larger diameter to the vascular site desired by the attending physician, followed by the introduction of the flaccid coil of this embodiment so as to fill the interstices left by the larger coil and thereby form a denser occlusion. The coils may also be introduced by themselves, if so desired.
In another presently preferred embodiment, an elongated intravascular catheter used for delivering the occluding element has a plurality of sensing electrodes on the distal section thereof. After the occluding element is delivered into the arterial passageway through the inner lumen of the catheter, the sensing electrodes on the distal section of the catheter may be used to monitor the electrical activity from within the arterial passageway to determine whether the arrhythmia has been effectively terminated. If it is determined that the arrhythmia has not been completely terminated by injecting a first occluding coil, other step may be taken such as delivering a second occluding element such as a coil through the inner lumen of the catheter to the blockage site to further occlude the arterial passageway to ensure the complete termination of the arrhythmia.
Once the arrhythmia has been terminated in accordance with the present invention, there is little likelihood that recanalization of the arterial passageway will occur and that the arrhythmia will reappear.
The preferred method to detect electrical activity within the patient's heart tissue causing arrhythmia is to position one or more elongated intravascular devices having sensing electrode on the distal section thereof within coronary arteries and/or cardiac veins of patient's heart. A suitable intravascular device has an elongated shaft with a proximal section and a distal section which is configured to be considerably more flexible than the proximal section and to be advanceable through a patient's tortuous coronary anatomy. The distal section has a plurality of electrodes spaced along a length of the distal section. Preferably, up to 20 or more bipolar electrode pairs may be provided along the distal section of the shaft. The sensing electrodes are electrically connected to electrical conductors which extend from the electrode to which they are connected to the proximal end of the shaft. In a presently preferred embodiment, the shaft of the intravascular sensing device is formed of a plurality of insulated electrical conductors which are braided or woven into an elongated tubular member, although not all of the strands which make up the braided or woven tubular member need be electrical conductors. Underneath each sensing electrode, the insulation on an individual conductor is removed to expose the bare conductor so that an electrical connection can be made between the electrode and the conductor. The electrical connection should be secured by suitable means such as conductive solder or brazing material. Moreover, the electrodes should also be secured to the underlying tubular member by other suitable means such as an adhesive to ensure that appropriate electrical contact with the exposed conductors is maintained even though there is a brazed or soldered electrical connection.
One form of a suitable elongated intravascular sensing device is a guidewire. The distal section of the guidewire having a plurality of sensing electrodes has a flexible tip coil which is distal to the length on which the electrodes are mounted and which is disposed about the distal extremity of a core member which extends through the interior of the shaft. The distal end of the core member may be manually shapable by the physician to facilitate steering the guidewire when it is being advanced within the patient's coronary anatomy by torquing the proximal end which extends outside of the patient. A smooth rounded tip is provided at the distal end of the coil to avoid damage to the patient's vasculature when being advanced therethrough. A safety or shaping ribbon may extend from the distal end of the core member to the rounded tip in conventional guidewire fashion, commonly called a "floppy tip", to allow the distal portion to be manually shaped and also to prevent the loss of the distal tip of the guidewire within the patient's coronary vasculature.
The intravascular sensing device may also be in the form of a catheter which has proximal and distal sections with the distal section being more flexible that the proximal section and having a plurality of electrodes as in the guidewire form. In addition, the catheter has an elongated inner lumen extending from the proximal end to a discharge or guidewire port in the distal end of the device. The distal end of the catheter having the discharge port may be provided with a soft tip to minimize traumatic engagement with a blood vessel wall when being advanced therein. The catheter form allows an occluding element to be passed through the inner lumen into the arterial passageway and the sensing electrodes on the distal section thereof allows electrical activity to be monitored in order to determine the effectiveness of the arterial blockage and, particularly whether the arrhythmia has been terminated. The inner lumen of the catheter may be configured to facilitate the slidable disposition of a conventional guidewire or a guidewire version of the sensing device of the invention such as described above.
The use of a plurality of elongated intravascular devices is preferred so that they can be advanced into separate blood vessels of the patient's heart to detect electrical activity in a plurality of intravascular locations, thereby providing more comprehensive or global mapping of the patient's heart and a more accurate location of tissue causing an arrhythmia. The positions of the intravascular sensing devices may be adjusted within the individual blood vessels to optimize the reception of the electrical activity to provide a greater degree of accuracy in detecting the ectopic foci.
The use of intravascular sensing devices to locate the tissue causing the arrhythmia simplifies the treatment procedures and reduces the overall time for the procedure. If the sensing device is a catheter, the occluding element can be quickly advanced through the inner lumen thereof. If the sensing device is a guidewire, a catheter with an inner lumen may be quickly advanced over the in-place guidewire, the guidewire removed and an occluding element advanced through the inner lumen of the catheter.
These and other advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying exemplary drawings.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of catheter-guidewire assembly for detecting electrical signals within a coronary artery.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the catheter shown in FIG. 1 with the guidewire removed and a mass of occluding coil being hydraulically propelled along the inner lumen of the catheter.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the distal portion of the catheter shown in FIG. 1 with the mass of coil deposited within the arterial passageway an thrombus formed in the mass occluding the passageway of the coronary artery.
FIG. 4 is an anterior view of coronary arteries and cardiac veins of a human heart with portions of the right coronary artery, the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery and the great cardiac vein being in section to illustrate intravascular devices disposed therein.
FIG. 5 is an elevational view of a guidewire suitable for detecting electrical activity.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view of a distal portion of the guidewire shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view of the distal portion of a guidewire similar to the one shown in FIG. 6 but having a shaft formed of a plurality of braided layers.
FIG. 8 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the distal portion of the guidewire shown in FIG. 7 taken along the lines 8--8.
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an intermediate portion of the guidewire shown in FIG. 5 taken along the lines 9--9.
FIG. 10 is an elevational view, partially in section of a catheter suitable for detecting electrical activity.
FIG. 11 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the catheter of FIG. 10 taken along the lines 11--11.
FIG. 12 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a guidewire having a releasable occluding element on its distal end.
FIG. 13 is an elevational view of an occluding element suitable for use with the invention.
FIG. 14 is an elevational view of another occluding element suitable for use with the invention.
FIG. 15 is an elevational view of another occluding element suitable for use with the invention.
FIG. 16 is an elevational view of another occluding element suitable for use with the invention.
FIGS. 1-3 illustrate one presently preferred method of the invention wherein electrical activity of a patient is detected from within a coronary artery 10 of the patient's heart to determine the location of tissue causing arrhythmia and then occluding the coronary artery which directs oxygenated blood to such tissue to create an infarct therein and thereby terminate the arrythmia. As is shown in FIG. 1, an intravascular catheter 11 is disposed within coronary artery 10 and an intravascular guidewire 12 is slidably disposed within inner lumen 13 of catheter 11. Catheter 11 has a plurality of sensing electrodes 14 on the distal section thereof and guidewire 12 has a plurality of sensing electrodes 15 on the distal portion thereof for detecting electrical activity so that tissue causing the arrhythmia can be located within the patient's heart. When the tissue causing the arrhythmia is located, the guidewire 12 is withdrawn from the inner lumen 13 of the catheter 11 and an elongated flaccid coil 16 is hydraulically delivered within a bolus of suitable liquid, such a saline solution, through the inner lumen 13, as illustrated in FIG. 2. When the coil 16 is deposited into the passageway of the coronary artery 10, it forms a randomly shaped intertwined mass 17. Thrombus 18 quickly forms within the interstices of the coil mass to effectively occlude the arterial passageway.
As shown in FIG. 4, electrical activity of the patient's heart may be detected by a plurality of elongated intravascular sensing devices, with one sensing device 20 being disposed within the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery 21, a second sensing device 22 in the great cardiac vein 23 and a third sensing device 24 in the right coronary artery 25. As shown, the intravascular sensing devices are guidewires.
Reference is made to FIGS. 5-9 which schematically illustrate in greater detail an elongated intravascular sensing device useful in the present invention which is in the form of a guidewire 30 which includes shaft 31 with a distal portion 32 and a proximal portion 33. The shaft 31 is formed of a tubular member 34 formed of a plurality of braided or woven electrical conductors 35. While it is preferable that the conductors 35 be interwoven into the tubular member 34, they may be twisted or wound about a mandrel or the core member 38. In the latter case the inner and outer layers of conductors would be laid out diagonally but the conductors of one layer would be laid in the opposite direction to that of the conductors in the other layer. Usually, the wound or twisted conductors are secured together by suitable adhesive which makes the shaft relatively stiff, whereas with the interwoven conductors there is sufficient interlocking of the conductors that adhesives are not usually needed with the result of a more flexible shaft 31. The distal section 32 of the shaft 31 is provided with a plurality of electrodes 36 which are preferably arranged as pairs 37 to facilitate a bipolar or multipolar mode of operation. A core member 38 is disposed within the inner lumen of the braided tubular member 34 and extends beyond the distal end thereof. The distal end 39 of the core member 38 is preferably flattened, as shown in FIG. 6, and extends and is joined to a smooth rounded distal tip 40 which is formed when a distal coil 41, which is disposed about the distal end of the core member, is secured thereto by soldering, brazing, welding or a body of adhesive and the like. The core member 38 may be provided with one or more tapers 42 as with convention;al guidewires. The proximal portion 33 of the shaft 31 has two extensions 43 and 44 which have multi-pin connectors 35 and 46 on the proximal ends thereof with each of the electrical conductors 45 being electrically connected to a separate pin.
Details of the catheter form of the sensing device are best illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11. In this embodiment, catheter 50 has an elongated shaft 51 with an inner lumen 52 defined by an inner tubular element or lining which is preferably formed of lubricous material such as fluoropolymers, e.g. Teflon� and polysulfones and hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide and acrylate-based polymers. A tubular member 53 is disposed about tubalar lining and is formed of at least one braided layer 54 comprising a plurality of the strands 55 which are insulated electrical constrictors electrically connected to electrodes 57 preferably arranged in pairs 58 to facilitate bipolar mode operation. While not shown in the drawing, a plurality of braided layers may be desireable with more than eight electrode pairs 58. Some of the strands 55 in each of the layers may be formed of nonconducting materials such as nylon. An outer jacket 56 extends the length of the shaft 51 and the portion of the jacket extending beyond the distal end of the braided tubular member 52 is tapered to provide a nontraumatic flexible distal tip 59. As in the previously described embodiments, the outer jacket 56 overlaps the edges of the electrodes 57 to avoid exposing a sharp metal edge when advancing the catheter through a patient's blood vessel. A guidewire 60 (shown in phanton) is slidably disposed within the inner lumen 52.
The catheter 50 may be used to direct diagnostic or therapeutic fluids to distal locations within a patients coronary vasculature. For example, fluids containing cardioplegic materials such as iced saline, solutions of KCl, lidocaine, procaineamide hydrochloride and the like can be delivered to a region of the patient's heart which is believed to contain the tissue causing the arrhythmia. If the arrhythmia stops upon the delivery of the cardioplegic agent through a coronary artery feeding the region of the patient's heart, then the operator is assured that the artery through which the agent is delivered feeds the tissue causing the arrhythmia. The intravascular catheter 48 may be utilized in conjunction with a conventional guidewire or with an intravascular device with a plurality of electrodes on a distal portion thereof such as described above.
When using an approach to the patient's heart through the femoral artery or femoral vein, it is frequently helpful to utilize one or more guiding catheters (as shown in FIG. 4) to guide the intravascular sensing devices of the invention to the coronary artery ostium or the coronary sinus ostium. Such guiding catheters frequently have specially shaped distal tips to facilitating the seating thereof within the desired ostium. The use of guiding catheter eliminates the need to direct the distal tip of a catheter or a guidewire of the invention into the desire ostium.
The electrodes on the distal portions of the sensing devices are typically gold bands with widths of about 0.5 min. The distance between the electrodes of an electrode pair is typically about 1 mm and the distance between electrode pairs is typically about 7-8 mm.
The overall length of the intravascular devices of the invention depend upon the site of introduction into the patient's peripheral vasculature but may range from about 80 to about 300 cm, typically about 135 cm for delivery through the femoral artery or vein and about 90 cm for delivery through the brachiocephalic artery or internal jugular vein. The flexible distal portions of the intervascular sensing devices are about 10 to about 50 cm in length and are configured to be readily advanceable through a patient's coronary arteries or cardiac veins. The outer diameter of the catheter form of the sensing device should be less than about 0.055 inch (1.4 mm) and preferably about 0.035 inch (0.89 mm) and the inner lumen thereof is about 0.012 to about 0.022 inch (0.3-0.56 mm) in diameter to facilitate the reception and advancement of a guidewire therethrough. The distal portion of the guidewire is about 15 to about 40 cm in length and about 0.008 to about 0.022 inch (0.2-0.56 mm) in outer diameter to facilitate advancement through blood vessels having native diameters of less than 1 mm, frequently less than 0.75 mm. The distal coil on the guidewire is about 2 to about 10 cm in length and is formed of wire about 0.0003 to about 0.006 inch (0.0076-0.15 mm) in diameter. It is preferably formed of platinum to facilitate fluoroscopic observation thereof within the patient, but it may be formed in whole or in part with other material such as stainless steel, titanium, palladium, niobium, iridium, rhodium and alloys thereof.
To the extent not previously described, the materials of construction of the various guidewire and catheter parts may be formed of conventional materials. The electrical conductors may be electrical grade copper wire about 0.005 inch (0.127 mm) in diameter which are provided with a thin insulated jacket or coating of polyimide or other suitable insulator. The outer jacket may be a thermoplastic fluoropolymer such as THV which is available from 3M Corporation. The core wire of the guidewire may be formed of stainless steel or a superelastic NiTi type alloy, the latter exhibiting a stable austenite phase at body temperature. Proximal and distal sections of the core member may be formed of different materials so as to provide a stronger proximal section for greater pushability and a more flexible distal section to facilitate passage through tortuous coronary anatomy. Manufacturing techniques used in making catheters and guidewires for angioplasty procedures may be used in the making of the intravascular devices of the invention.
An alternative embodiment of the invention in the form of a guidewire 70 is shown in FIG. 12 which has a single pair of electrodes 71 on distal section 72. A coil 73 is disposed about the distal portion of core member 74 distal to the distal electrode 71 and it is secured to the core member by a suitable means 75. Such securing may be effected by soldering, brazing, welding or suitable adhesive depending upon the materials from which the coil 73 and the core member 74 are made. The distal end of the guidewire 70 has a detachable vaso-occlusive coil 76 attached at the most distal end of the guidewire. The core member 74 is extended past the separator tip 77 and forms an electrical connection with vaso-occlusive coil 7 at the connection 75.
The intravascular device shown in FIG. 12 may be used in the following fashion. The guidewire 70 is advanced out of an intravascular catheter into a desired location within a coronary artery of the patient and the connection between the vaso-occlusive coil 76 and the core member 74 is severed by electrolytic activity so that the coil 76 is released from the guidewire. When released, the coil 86 forms a randomly shaped intertwined mass similar to that shown in FIG. 3. Thrombus quickly forms within the interstices of the coiled mass to occlude the arterial passageway. The sensing electrodes 71 on the distal section of the guidewire 20 may be used to monitor electrical activity to ensure that the arrhythmia has been terminated.
FIG. 13 shows a coil (90) suitable for use with this invention. It preferably has a diameter (91) of about 0.00075 to about 0.00225 inches, more preferably about 0.001 to about 0.002 inches. A separate end cap (92) or termination piece may be included at each end of the coil 90 to prevent the coil from catching on the interior of the catheter or a blood vessel. The end cap or termination piece (92) may be a separate piece or a fused portion of the coil 90 or a bit of a filled material such as an epoxy.
The coil 90 is typically produced as a single-layer coil with a minimum helical pitch, i.e. the windings are fairly closely packed. The outside diameter of the coil should be less than 0.010 inches, (0.25 mm) preferably between about 0.004 and 0.0095 inches (0.1-0.24 mm), and most preferably between 0.004 and 0.0075 inches (0.1-0.19 mm). The soft, flexible coil thus produced is cut to desired lengths after the formation thereof. The coil is especially suitable for the noted service: when the device (coil, braid, or combination) deflects more than about 20� (preferably more than about 35� ) under its own weight over the first centimeter of length, when supported at a single end. The length of the coil may be between about 2 mm and about 120 mm, typically between about 30 cm and 120 cm.
Instead of the wire shown in FIG. 13, the coil 90 may be produced from a ribbon whose major axis is between about 0.001 and about 0.002 (0.025-0.05 mm) inches and whose minor axis is about 0.0005 and about 0.001 inches (0.013-0.025 mm). Coils produced from ribbons are often moderately stiffer than those produced from wire. Smaller diameter coils are often more readily produced.
The regularity of winding shown in FIG. 13 is not mandatory; the windings may be irregular or of varying pitch. The coil (90) shown in FIG. 13 (and the variations of the invention which are described below) may be produced from any of a number of different materials. The material should be radiopaque so that the coil and its position may be readily monitored within the human vasculature. Suitable materials include biocompatible metals, polymers, and alloys. for instance, biocompatible, radiopaque metals include silver, gold, palladium, platinum, tungsten, iridium, rhodium, various stainless steels and alloys thereof. A particularly suitable alloy is 92% (by weight) platinum and 8% (by weight ) tungsten. The platinum-tungsten alloys desirably have a tensile strength of at least about 180 ksi (124 MPa) and, for a wire of a nominal 0.001" diameter, have a breaking load of 0.17 lb. with a minimum elongation of 2% measured at a speed of 1.0 in/min. Various biocompatible polymers including polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene, and the like are suitable for use in these devices, but, because of their lack of radiopacity, must usually be teamed with a radiopaque marker to allow proper positioning of the coil within the body. Similarly, other inorganic materials such as fibrous carbon are suitable and may be used in the invention.
FIG. 14 shows a braided (or otherwise) woven vasoocclusive device 100 suitable for use in the invention. The braided occlusive device 100 is tubular and produced by weaving fibers or wires over a mandrel much in the same way the coil of FIG. 13 was made, Woven braids of this size are not common but are made according to known techniques. The wire or fibers in this variation of the invention may be any of the radiopaque or polymeric materials noted above, and additionally the braid may be made of a combination of those materials either alone or in combination with other suitable polymeric or filamentary materials such as dacron, cotton, or other materials. Natural or synthetic polymer fibers such as dacron or cotton provide a ready substrate for clot formation in the interior region of a vessel. Often the radiopaque portion of the coil provides only a way to anchor the acyl onto the vessel wall at the site of release.
The FIG. 14 braid or woven device 100 is of a diameter 101 similar to the diameter of the device shown in FIG. 13. The braid may have a termination pieces 103 or end sections similar in constitution to the analogous portion shown in FIG. 11 above. The length of the braid may similarly be 2 mm to 120 cm.
FIG. 15 shows a side view of a combination coil/braid vaso-occlusive device 110 according to the invention. This combination is a sequence of coils 111 and braids 112 similar in make-up and size as the devices shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Lengths of various coils 111 and braids 112, each often 2 mm to 20 cm in length, are joined together at their respective ends to form the combination device. The overall length of the device 110, as with those above, may be 2 mm to 120 cm. The device 110 may also have caps or termination pieces (113) on the ends of the device.
FIG. 16 shows another variation of a coil/braid combination 120. In this variation, however, as is shown by the cutaway insert, the substrate coil 121 is identical to the coil shown in FIG. 11 herein. The braid 122 is woven on the exterior of the coil. In this instance, the braid is more desirably a fibrous material such as dacron or cotton. The braid may, however, be a radiopaque material such as the metals and alloys and polymers discussed above. The braid may be joined by welding, melting, or by adhesion to the underlying coil 121.
Each of the variations discussed above, when provided in the proper size range and materials, is an extremely soft and flexible device, whether the device by coil or braid. These devices exert little, if any, radial force on the blood vessels into which they are placed. The fluid-like properties of the coil within a carrier fluid enable it to conform to the complex geometry of certain fragile, abnormal blood vessels, and in so doing, minimize the risk of causing trauma to or perforation of those blood vessels. Such flow properties also enable coil placement in coronary vasculature currently unreachable by other occluding elements.
Vaso-occlusive coils and their method of introduction are discussed in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,122,136 (Gugliemi et al.). In cardiac occlusion, the length of the coil is fairly short to allow "microcontrol" of the occlusion of the small cardiac arteries and resultant control of the arrhythmia. The Gugliemi et al. patent is/incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
Alternative vaso-occlusive devices including tubular braids, as found in Ser. No. 07/965,973 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,259, and coils with or without fibrous attachments, such as found in Ser. No. 07/771,013 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,226,911, or 07/978,230, now abandoned may simply be pushed through the catheter lumen using a guidewire. The aforesaid applications are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
The present invention has been described herein in terms of certain preferred embodiments but various modifications and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the scope thereof.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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A house fire in the Scuddy community resulted in the deaths of two people over the weekend.
Kentucky State Police said 64-year-old Sandra K. Melton and 35-year-old Suzy Rebecca Melton were found in the house after the fire had been extinguished, and were pronounced dead on the scene Sunday morning.
Officials said preliminary investigation indicated the fire was started at approximately 6:16 a.m. by a skillet on the stove. No foul play is suspected.
Both victims are being taken to Frankfort for autopsy.


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LONDON — Royalty means rarely having to mind the gap.
Britain's Prince Charles took a ride on the London subway Wednesday – for the first time in a quarter century.
Charles and his wife, Camilla, joined transit officials and commuters to mark the 150th anniversary of the Underground, the world's first subway system.
The subway system, which sees 3.5 million journeys a day, is well known for announcements warning passengers to "mind the gap between the train and the platform."
The royal couple traveled one stop, from Farringdon to King's Cross on the Metropolitan Line – the oldest section of the subway system, opened in 1863.
Charles last traveled by subway in 1986, when he and the late Princess Diana took the Tube to Heathrow Airport to open a new terminal.
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Saturday night's debate between Jon Stewart and Bill O'Reilly infuriated fans as a server crash left the event's live stream largely inaccessible. The debate took place at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. and was available to those outside the auditorium only via a $4.95 pay-per-view live stream. When the live stream went down, many fans who planned their Saturday nights around the debate, some even organizing watch parties, grew furious.
As fan frustration built, the debate's Facebook page became an instant repository for their rage. One fan, Charlie Miller, complained about what he felt was poor customer service. "The website was looking awful fraud-y after taking my money then pretending it had never heard of me, then closing my customer service ticket without any resolution, then saying 'reply to this email if you need further assistance' but making it impossible to do so due to an undeliverable email address." Another fan, Caleb Wilson II, put it more succinctly: "I HAVEN'T HAD A DAY THIS BAD SINCE MY DOG DIED ON CHRISTMAS, LITERALLY."
On Twitter, Washington Post columnist Eric Wemple summed up the feelings of many when he tweeted "The only #theRumble2012 that I'm having is with my computer."
Film critic Roger Ebert weighed in as well, expressing frustration after he promoted the debate via his social media channels:
Event organizers did post an apology on the debate's Facebook page. "We apologize for any inconvenience," they wrote, "and we're working to resolve the issue." But the apology did not appease fans, hundreds took to the comments section to demand refunds.
The debate's pricing model seemed to take a page out comedian Louis C.K.'s book. Earlier this year, C.K. produced and sold his own comedy special for five dollars online. The special was a hit, earning more than $1 million dollars on the strength of over 220,000 downloads.
But C.K.'s special was not a live event, and his servers were able to withstand the massive number of downloads spread out over time. This debate's live format, on the other hand, clearly stressed servers to the point where they collapsed.
Many fans, uninterested in waiting for the problem to be fixed, either gave up or turned to alternate streaming services. This migration likely caused a significant loss of revenue for debate organizers. One fan, writing about his experience, tweeted: "So, I'm stealing #therumble2012 because their site imploded. Piracy certainly greases the wheels of culture."
Follow Alex Kantrowitz on Twitter: Follow @Kantrowitz
Note: Post updated at 2:04 a.m. EST on 10/7


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Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is a popular destination for individuals traveling for both business and pleasure. People chose Tokyo vacations because of the variety of things to do there are in this lively city ranging from taking a trip to the Nezu Museum to shopping and dining in the Asakusa district. Regardless of the reason - for someone who is traveling to this metropolis, Expedia.com has a variety of cheap hotel deals in Tokyo guaranteed to delight even the most frugal person.
Travelers going on pleasure trips to Tokyo have a number of options in regards to Tokyo hotels. There are many budge choices for individuals interested in saving money on their Tokyo hotel reservations so they have more money to spend while visiting local shops and restaurants. There are also a number of specials for those interested in staying in top luxury hotels or boutique hotels.
The best hotels in Tokyo can also be found in famous areas around the city for those interested in touring local hot spots and well known historic districts. Travelers can find a hotel in Shinjuku, for example, putting them close to sites like the Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden. In addition, there are deals on hotels in Shibuya for groups who wish to see the Meiji Jingu. Affordable hotels in Roppongi can also be found on Expedia.com for those looking to shop at one of the area's high-end stores or visit the Mori Art Museum.
Businesspeople visiting Tokyo for work will also find a number of discount hotels in Tokyo, Japan to fit their budget. Staying at one of the hotels near Narita airport or one of the hotels near Haneda airport is a great option for these individuals. There are special prices to be had for things like car rentals and flights to Tokyo for those coming to this bustling city for work too.
People who are leaving for cruises from Tokyo can find a number of Tokyo resorts to fit their needs while in the city. Expedia.com is the best way for travelers to find the most affordable hotel reservation rates for their stay.


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Head Coach Wes Moore
Thoughts on the game
"Annette Watts is always going to have a tough basketball team. They are fundamental, they are going to play hard and they are going to get after you. Tonight was no different, and I was a little disappointed in our effort. I think we got out-rebounded 26-17 in the second half, and that's hustle. I think they had a little more energy than we did tonight. It is disappoint from that standpoint, and we didn't shoot the 3-pointer very well. We were trying to stress being aggressive, attacking the basket and getting to the foul line at half time. We just didn't get that done. Then we'd have four people doing what they were supposed to do and one person would cause a breakdown on defense. It was a disappointing night, and maybe we can learn from the film and the experience. We need to fix it before the next time out."
On the dangers of playing a team in search of its first win
"I was afraid of it. You try to stress paying attention to the film, not listening to what the newspaper says and not looking at the record. They are a Division I program and they are all on scholarship. They can all play basketball. It's going to be a long night if you don't show up. It was disappointing because we have built some momentum and we're trying to win fans over. When you play a great game against Tennessee in front of 8,500 people, you want to build onto that. We want people to come back and continue to win fans over, but I don't know if this performance accomplished any of that."
On what led the Lady Mocs to the win
"We had Ashlen Dewart on the inside scoring and Kayla Christopher hit a couple of 3-pointers. We got to the offensive boards and we took care of the ball. We did some good things, but I am more concerned with the hustle stats. Those categories are the ones where I felt like we came up short, and, as a coach, that's always frustrating."
Taylor Hall, forward, junior
Thoughts on the game
"I wouldn't say we overlooked them or anything like that, we just didn't come out with energy like we needed to. We normally can get it going at some point throughout the game but we struggled to do that. We kind of survived this game, and I'm happy we got the win, but we have a lot of things that we need to work on and just get better at."
On her feelings after the game
"In a way, it almost feels like a loss because we didn't perform to the best of our ability and we know that. It's a little disappointing, but we will bounce back from it and be ready for Auburn."
Thoughts on the offense
"It's been a bad shooting night. I need to work on that. I just need to get in the gym and get some extra shots up so I can be able to knock down those shots."
On playing a team looking for its first win
"I don't think we over looked them because I know that any given night some teams can play really well and we can play really bad. We had that in the back of our mind but we just didn't have the right energy tonight. We couldn't feed off of it tonight. I just know we need to get it together before we play Auburn."
Ashlen Dewart, forward, junior
Thoughts on her performance
"I was only 9-for-15 so I missed a bunch of shots, but Kayla created a ton of shots, especially for me, with her rebounding. It wasn't just a post game because the guards have to work just as hard to give me the ball. Like Taylor said, I don't think we overlooked this team. We have a team with a lot of veterans, and we know that if you overlook somebody they're going to come in and beat you. We just came out sluggish and there is no excuse for it."
On what the team has to do to bounce back
"We're going to have to come into practice with energy and with a good attitude because Coach Moore is definitely not happy with this performance, and we aren't happy with it either. Like I said, we are a team full of veterans. We know better. Practice is going to be however we make it. If we come in with good attitudes and a lot of energy, he will be fine. If we come in sluggish like we did today, it's not going to be a good practice."


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For a lot of people search engine optimization is a set of hidden tricks, performed from some – search engine optimization gurus – who know the secrets of Google. Search engine optimization was easier, a few years ago, as it was enough to make a landing page, add some build links and keywords, with the aim of achieving high rankings.
These days, search engine optimization became more difficult and complex, as it is required to optimize a few different aspects of the website. So, in this article, we will look at the major steps of a successful search engine optimization plan.
- Keyword Research
A keyword research is the first step of a search engine optimization campaign. You try to find, with a keyword research, which phrases or keywords people are using to find competitor's websites and your website and then choose which ones to target.
- Technical Optimization
In order to read your website's code and text, search engines use special software called crawlers. So, if it is not technically perfect, it can be difficult for a crawler to understand and read all of its content and it can have as a result that its pages will rank lower in the search engines results pages, or in the worst case, not at all. So, it is important that the following technical points are checked.
- Usability
Search engines try to give to their users results that satisfy them and that are helpful. Therefore they take into account the appointment metrics of a website. Google recommends – Generally, by creating high-quality sites that users will want to share and use, webmasters can improve the rank of their sites.
- Content Marketing
Since Google constantly optimizes and updates its algorithm in order to provide the best results to users, it gives more and more significance to fresh, useful and engaging content. These days, quality content is the foundation of a successful search engine optimization campaign. It is important for every business to invest in the production of fresh, engaging and quality content.
- Social Media Strategy
Social signals are among the most important ranking factors – along with recent studies. That means that social media are now a strong influencer for search engine optimization and it should be part of a search engine optimization campaign. Also check these tips here.
- Link Building
Although now Google is trying to apply stricter rules to links, they still stay a very important ranking factor. Therefore, links increase the credibility and authority of a website. So, the total number of links is important, but it is also important to obtain links from a variety of reliable and popular domains. Bear in mind that the main search engines have strict rules against paid or unnatural links, so the link building process consists mostly from actions that attract links from dependable sources in a natural way.
Some of the ways to create useful links, to bring traffic and to locate resource pages are: guest blogging, contest or giveaways and broken link building.
Full Review


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|by Matthew Brady/National Archives
Our favorite subject - The Great Emancipator himself.
- Richard Mather, husband of my 5x great-aunt Mary Turner, was the evil man who forced the Lincolns from their Kentucky home in 1811. Shades of Snidely Whiplash! The truth is rather more complicated (see this National Parks brochure) but the end result was the Lincolns moved to Indiana in 1816.
- William Clark(e), one of my husband's 4x great-grandfathers, lived near (and was most likely the tenant of) Zachariah Peters, an attorney in Springfield, Illinois. Peters was one of thirteen men who ran for the State General Assembly in 1832. Abraham Lincoln was another of the candidates. Both lost, but Lincoln (277 votes) did far better than Peters (4 votes). Peters was also the attorney for Clark(e)'s estate when he died a short time later. See this page for more details on the election.
- Samuel Clark, my husband's 3x great-grandfather claimed to have heard Lincoln speak during his election campaigns. He may well have as a teenager in Sangamon County during the 1832 or '34 General Assembly election campaigns. He certainly did not hear the 1858 Lincoln-Douglas debates (as has been alleged) unless he came from central Iowa to catch one.
- I have Todd ancestors who ought to be related to Mary Todd Lincoln. Truly, they should. Yet they resist.
- Stephen Shelton, another of my husband's 4x great-grandfathers, owned a slave Phebe Bartlett when he moved to Illinois around 1825. Bartlett had a daughter, Mariah Bartlett Vance, who worked for the Lincolns in Springfield throughout the 1850s until they left for Washington, DC. See this story for more information.
- Both Mordecai Lincoln (Abe's great uncle) and Andrew Johnson (Abe's VP and successor) lived in Greene County, TN where my grandfather was born and raised. The only problem is that Johnson died 23 years before he was born and Lincoln 42 years before he was born. It's kind of a stretch.
- He was a Pinkerton's security guard during college in the 1970s and once guarded Allan Pinkerton's elderly great-granddaughter when she attended the races at Saratoga. Allan Pinkerton was Lincoln's bodyguard.


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The County Charter is the constitutional framework for County Government. The County Council appoints an eleven-member, bi-partisan, Charter Review Commission to study the County Charter. The Commission must report to the County Council in May of every even-numbered year with recommendations for possible Charter revisions. These recommendations may lead to proposed Charter amendments that are voted on by the electorate.
Legislative Authority
Charter Section 509 provides the following: "There shall be a Charter Review Commission appointed by the County Council every four years, within six months after the Council assumes office, for the purpose of studying the Charter. The Commission shall be composed of eleven members who shall be residents of the County, five of whom shall be appointed from a list of names submitted by the County Executive. Not more than six members shall be of the same political party. The chairperson shall be designated by the Council and the vice-chairperson shall be designated by the County Executive. The Commission shall report at least once to the Council on the Commission's activities within one year after appointment of the Commission. Commission reports shall be submitted not later than May 1 of every even-numbered year. The reports shall contain recommendations concerning proposed Charter amendments, if any". (Char. Res. No. 8-935, § 1.)
Current Members
Mark Feinroth, Vice Chair
Cherri Branson
Jerry Cave
Barry Cohen
Diane Nash Dillon
Wendell Holloway
Thomas King
Shawn Sullivan
Meeting Location and Dates
Generally, the Charter Review Commission meets on the second Wednesday of every month from 8:00 to 9:30 a.m. in the 6th floor conference room of the Council Office Building in Rockville, Maryland. This date and time is subject to change depending on the schedule of Commission members.
The following individuals staff the Charter Review Commission and can be reached via e-mail at email@example.com or by calling 240-777-7900:
- Amanda Mihill, Legislative Analyst, Office of the County Council
- Marc Hansen, Chief, Division of General Counsel, Office of the County Attorney
- Justina Ferber, Legislative Analyst, Office of the County Council
- Marie Jean-Paul, Legislative Services Coordinator, Office of the County Council
Montgomery County Council, 100 Maryland Ave, Rockville MD 20850
Phone: (240) 777-7900 (voice) • (240) 777-7888 (fax) • (MD Relay) Dial 711 or 800-201-7165
Contact the County Council and Legislative Branch Offices


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Tuesday, February 5, 2013
Department of the Air Force Civilian John W. Bowen has been named 437th Air Wing Category II Civilian of the Quarter, July through September 2012.
Selection was based on the individual's exemplary duty performance, job knowledge, leadership qualities, teamwork, significant self-improvement, personal achievements, notable accomplishments, and community service and support.
Bowen is an airfield operations supervisor assigned to the 437th Airlift Wing at Charleston Air Force Base, S.C. He has served in federal service for 26 years.
He is the son of Audrey Lundy of Pickerel Drive, Moncks Corner. He is also the father of Amber Bidnick, John Bowen Jr., Kyle Bowen, Ashley Lane, and Meghan Hodge, all of Pike Drive, Summerville.
Bowen graduated in 1979 from Summerville High School.
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From James Randi's commentary this week on the JREF website:
Danish reader Claus Larsen tells us about one of the programs in the Is It Real? series on the National Geographic Channel:
In the show "Superhuman Powers" (where Gary Schwarz and John Hagelin are also spouting their crap), there's one classic excuse from a martial arts expert and "Chi" thrower, George Dillman. After one of his top students has unsuccessfully tried to knock down [Luigi] Garlaschelli with "Chi," Dillman offers this explanation on why it didn't work:
George Dillman
The skeptic was a totally non-believer. Plus I don't know if I should say that on film but if the guy had his tongue in the wrong position in the mouth, that can also nullify it. You can nullify it you can nullify a lot of things. In fact, you can nullify it if you raise those big toes! If I say I'm going to knock you out, and you raise one toe, and push one toe down....I can't knock you out. And then, if I go to try again, you reverse it. If you keep doing this, I won't knock you out.
Gee, whiz...not much use for this "Chi" force, then...
So it would appear, Claus. Id never heard this variety of alibi before, but Im not much surprised by it. We at the JREF will intensively research tongue positions and toe movements to provide sure-fire protection for our readers against the magic of Chi-throwing, which I believe is closely related to bull-throwing. I suspect that almost any tongue-in-cheek maneuver will be sufficient protection. I remind USA readers to watch this show either September 22nd or 28th on the National Geographic channel.
If only one of these chi or magic masters could show us that no-contact striking was real.
Fear and bullets.
- Join Date
- Sep 2004
- Location
- Dayville, Connecticut, United States
- Posts
- 4,290
Posted On:
9/09/2005 2:54pm--
I've known about the tongue thing for years. Everybody knows teh tongue thing!
Dillman was set up...And lo, Kano looked down upon the field and saw the multitudes. Amongst them were the disciples of Uesheba who were greatly vexed at his sayings. And Kano spake: "Do not be concerned with the mote in thy neighbor's eye, when verily thou hast a massive stick in thine ass".
--Scrolls of Bujutsu: Chapter 5 vs 10-14.
Guy Who Pays the Bills and Gets the Death Threats Style: MMA (Retired)--
Moving to News.
Registered Member
- Join Date
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Posted On:
9/09/2005 3:04pm
Capitalist Pig
- Join Date
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Posted On:
9/09/2005 3:07pm
The r34l Drunken Jiu Jitsu
- Join Date
- Jan 2004
- Location
- Boston, MA
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Posted On:
9/09/2005 3:22pm--Originally Posted by Elessar"Those who can make you believe absurdities, can make you commit atrocities." Voltaire.
Senior Member
- Join Date
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Posted On:
9/09/2005 3:30pm
Style: Mostly drinking. E-chaun--
I wouldn't dismiss this man's claims too readily, I have known people who can push many people at once out of the room with a chi force that is harnessed and released through thier sphincter.
Seriously though I know lots of people use the word "chi" to mean different things that can be legit (adrenaline, technique, muscle structure, whatever floats your boat, etc.), but I still can't believe that there are people so deluded to believe they can actually shoot some magical energy at people.
Did they have a bad acid trip?
I really don't understand how they believe thier own bullshit.
Last edited by Bluto Blutarsky; 9/09/2005 3:33pm at . Reason: just adding more shit to say.


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Im going to just get a block of 1 1/4" x 3" steel and start milling when its dont it will look like what im thinking. If I could design on a computer I wouldent be sitting here broke. LOL Im not sure what you have there but its cool that you can do it.
I would not recomend using bolts to hold any part of the bolt together especialy a weight all that coing backand forth coming to abrupt stopes ect is a accident looking to happen. that 24hr build scared me it got nurmious issues that can be un safe when it fails.


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Zip-up Knit Hoodie By Real Comfort®: Tee-shirt-like comfort in a long sleeve zip-front jacket!
Read what customers are saying about this product:
Rating: 4.36 out of 11 votes cast
nice hoodie!
soft, nice quality.
danbury, ct
Nice, lightweight, great price
Returning shopoer
Washington MI
Love the color, fit nice and not to bulky
West Des Moines IA
Very Comfortable
Very true to size. Very comfortable. Great for transition weather from spring to summer!
PA, Washington
Great Jacket
Love the jacket.
love these hoodies
love these they are so comfy and the colors are great
ruthie rae
rocky mount n.c.
Coral hoodie
Coral was brighter than in picture. Hoodie shorter than expected.
Indianapolis IN
Sleeves short for me
Very nice quality and color but the sleeves were 3" shorter than another hoodie I ordered at the same time. I need a bit longer sleeves and these were too short even before washing (100% cotton will probably shrink a bit more). I am exchanging to try the next larger size but I am suspicious that it will be too big in the body since the torso fit on the original was good. Hope the bigger size works!
Kansas City, KS
Soft & Comfy!
I bought this several months ago, and I've worn it numerous times since then. It's lovely! It is true to size, very soft, has a nice thickness without being too heavy or too light, and has a little bit of stretch to it. It has all the great qualities that I look for in a hoodie...AND it looks great!
Los Angeles
Love this hoodie!
I got this hoodie in the navy colorway I love it! It's perfect to throw on for my walks on coolish nights when I don't want something too heavy. I plan on ordering it in more colors!
Holbrook, MA
Back for more!
I love how lightweight and comfortable this is. In fact, I loved the first one I purchased so much, I had to come back and order it in every color!
Bren B
Boston, MA
Click here to read all of this product's reviews


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Tanner EDA Software Tools - Product Information Datasheets
Available Datasheets:
L-Edit Products (PDF): Physical Layout
L-Edit Physical Layout Tools: Learn more about the features and functions of Tanner Tools L-Edit products that delivers the fastest rendering on the market.
S-Edit (PDF): Schematic Capture
S-Edit brings the ease-of-use and ease-of-management common to Tanner Tools to the front-end design capture process. Learn how S-Edit can help you optimize your productivity and speed concept to silicon.
T-Spice (PDF): Circuit Simulation
T-Spice, S-Edit and W-Edit: Learn more about Tanner Tools for schematic capture and simulation.
HiPer Verify® (PDF): Verification
HiPer Verify: Read about Tanner Tools Calibre®/Dracula® foundry compatible DRC.
External Verification Interface (PDF): For Calibre® Integration
External Verification Interface (EVI) provides a seamless interface for Tanner customers using Mentor Graphics. Calibre® tool suite to verify their designs. Used in conjunction with Calibre RVE, customers can review Calibre DRC errors, LVS results, and PEX parasitics in L-Edit and S-Edit environments.
HiPer PX®: For Extraction of Interconnect Parasitics
HiPer PX: Read about 2D and 3D parasitic extraction for accurate modeling of interconnects.
HiPer P&R Digital Place and Route Overview
Complete implementation solution and digital place and route.


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polls MORE
8 Quick Tips for Curbing Your Family's Screen Time
Setting limits on screen time — and remembering to put down our own devices — is one of the biggest parenting challenges of our time. Use this guide to create healthy screen-time rules for your whole family.
Find Today's Newest & Best Children's Books!
Looking for newly released books for your child? Try our new Book Finder tool to search for new books by age, type, and theme, and create reading lists for kids!
10 Best Beach-Themed Crafts and Activities
Sand, seashells, and stones can provide hours of family fun. Check out the greatest beach-related activities and crafts for toddlers on up.
Registered for Kindergarten — Now What?
Try our award-winning Kindergarten Readiness app! This easy-to-use checklist comes with games and activities to help your child build essential skills for kindergarten. Download the Kindergarten Readiness app today!
Explore the great outdoors this summer!
Find fun learning apps for all ages.
Need ideas for what to do this weekend? We have it covered.
© 2000-2015 Sandbox Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Primary sources held by the Maryland Room include maps, photographs, oral histories, prints and printed ephemera. These items are in various stages of accessibility.
The Maryland Room map collection consists of nearly 1,000 maps of the state. Included are Maryland Highway Maps and Maryland Geological Survey publications, both from the twentieth century. A useful starting point for Frederick County map research is Frederick County, Maryland: A Brief Survey of Cartographic Information and Sources by Julia Cubit, available in the Maryland Room.
The strength of the Maryland Room photograph holdings is the Carl Brown Collection concentrating on downtown Frederick. Mr. Brown had a special interest in transportation.
The Maryland Room also maintains a Vertical File of newspaper clippings and magazine articles on a variety of local topics arranged by subject and surname. The majority of clippings derive from the Frederick News-Post from the last quarter of the twentieth century.


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American Idol
Who Was Phillip Phillips's First Celebrity Crush?
It may seem like Phillip Phillips has hit the big time, what with a double platinum single and a new album out.
But not long ago, he was just another regular dude — with some extraordinary talents, of course. So before he became an American Idol winner and started hobnobbing with famous people on a regular basis, which celeb did Phillip secretly have the hots for?
Speaking to Hollywire, P2 confessed that his first celebrity crush was Kate Beckinsale!
Who wouldn't fall for an actress who juggles romantic comedies and action flicks like nobody's business? Don't worry, Phillip, we won't tell your girlfriend.
Source: Hollywire


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South Carolina needs to develop a fair and effective way to evaluate teacher performance in the near future. We agree with critics who say that the new system should entail something more nuanced than handing out letter grades to teachers.
Evaluating educators based on performance is a required part of the states exemption from all-or-nothing provisions of the federal No Child Left Behind Law. States can opt out of requirements that all students pass math and reading proficiency tests by 2014, but states instead must come up with a standardized way to evaluate teachers.
State Superintendent of Education Mick Zais said that hes still exploring evaluation possibilities.
He has stated, however, that he favors a letter grading system because it clearly communicates teachers performance.
But the state Association of School Administrators has offered an alternative evaluation plan for teachers and principals that does not include letter grades. As an alternative, it features a four-tiered rating plan ranging from exemplary to unsatisfactory.
A rating of unsatisfactory in any one of five categories would rank a teacher as unsatisfactory overall.
After hearing a presentation from the association, members of the state board of education said unequivocally that letter grades would not be part of the evaluation process. They said that teachers should know that the board is not headed in that direction. ...
That, we think, is an important point. Teachers and principals who are, after all, state employees deserve an evaluation that tells them specifically what they are doing right and what they are doing wrong. In most cases, it also should be a constructive evaluation, designed to help teachers and principals improve their performance.
For teachers whose performance is unsatisfactory, the evaluation is likely to be an invitation to find a different vocation. But even then, teachers should know why their performance fell short.
Notice about comments:
Aiken Standard is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. Some of the comments may be reprinted elsewhere in the site or in the newspaper. We ask that you refrain from profanity, hate speech, personal comments and remarks that are off point.
We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click the X that appears in the upper right corner when you hover over a comment. This will send the comment to Facebook for review. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.


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ACT Alliance believes that climate policies should emphasise human rights and solidarity with the world's poorest people.
ACT calls on every country to be fully accountable, and for climate policies to enhance sustainable development.
The alliance believes climate change should be tackled on the basis of shared but different levels of responsibility: countries that have an historic responsibility for climate change must also be the ones making the biggest efforts to combat it.
ACT is working on many fronts around the world
Raising awareness of the scientific, moral and legal issues at stake.
Challenging political leaders to minimise the negative impact of climate change on the world's poorest people so that they can lead lives that are more secure and less vulnerable to its devastating effects.
Developing innovative solutions – ranging from the financial to the technical – to address the havoc wreaked by decades of carbon over-consumption and political negligence.
Helping communities in practical ways, through humanitarian and development programmes all over the world, to adapt to climate change – by developing preventative measures such as dams and hurricane-proof housing, and ensuring people have the resilience to recover more quickly when climate-related disasters strike.
As an alliance of over 33,000 people working together to achieve justice for the world's poorest communities who are often harmed the most by climate change our priority is to help people make practical improvements to their living conditions right now. We want to ensure people are as well equipped as they can be to withstand the calamitous effects of climate change.
We focus on adaptation – developing new ways of doing things to accommodate changing climatic conditions, new farming techniques, for instance, and new ways of building houses.
We also aim to reduce the risks posed by disasters linked to our changing climate, such as growing mangrove forests along rivers to slow down flood waters and protect dwellings built on flood plains. We try to help people adapt their livelihoods so that they are less economically vulnerable when a disaster strikes. We support communities' abilities to recover after they are hit by floods, droughts, famines and other disasters triggered by climate change. And we seek to influence policies to deal with subsequent loss and damage.
ACT promotes a pro-poor perspective towards adaptation policies, programmes and financing that prioritises the most vulnerable people.
Financial compensation
Financial compensation is a key area in any discussion about climate change. Countries with historic responsibility also have responsibility to mobilise compensation to combat the negative effects of climate change. Compensation should be additional (to other forms of funding for climate change programmes), predictable and adequate. The priority should be to direct it to developing countries, especially those with fewer resources and capabilities to face the effects of climate change.
Climate finance will have to come from public budgets and the private sector using innovative financial models. The goal of mobilising US $100 billion in 2020 is likely to fall short of what is needed. It must be acknowledged that the need for funding for adaptation programmes will increase rapidly if ambitious mitigation actions are not taken.
Low carbon development
A global shift towards a new development paradigm that is economically just and environmentally friendly is a pre-condition to keep global warming well below 2 degrees. A global move to low carbon development is the only remaining option for industrialised countries, emerging economies and developing nations. However, low carbon development pathways must respect a development threshold and the equal right of all people to use the environment sustainably.
Latest news about Climate change
Campaigners link right to food with climate justice
Dec 10, 2012
The inextricable link between climate change and food security within a human rights framework is being discussed by the international community with increasing urgency.
Small concessions and little compensation make for poor COP 18 result
Dec 08, 2012
A second Kyoto Protocol period offers little relief for countries bearing the brunt of climate change.
ACT signs on to open letter to ministers at COP 18
Dec 04, 2012
ACT has joined around 40 NGOs and alliances to sign an open letter to ministers as they arrive in Doha calling for immediate emissions cuts, adaptation assistance for developing countries, and an international mechanism to compensate for loss and damage.
Campaigners march for climate justice
Dec 03, 2012
Images from the Doha climate change march December 1, 2012. A number of ACT members attending the COP18 climate talks in Doha took part in the march.
Will funding for climate change end this year?
Dec 03, 2012
A financial black hole is fast approaching as the second week of UN climate negotiations begins today in Doha, Qatar.
Keep COP 18 true to science and the poor
Nov 26, 2012
UN talks that began in Doha today must finally take the concrete steps needed to move towards a comprehensive agreement to tackle climate change.
New food crisis threatens globe
Oct 16, 2012
To mark World Food Day, this briefing paper outlines the factors that are contributing to yet another looming food crisis, and attempts to chart a way out of the cycle.
Women farmers take on climate change
Sep 18, 2012
A new study, "Women Farmers Adopting to Climate Change," highlights how the phenomenon affects men and women differently – and can exacerbate already existing gender inequalities.
Philippine floods devastate capital
Sep 17, 2012
For two and half days it rained; flood waters rose, homes were destroyed and lives ultimately lost. At the last count more than 60 people had been killed in and around Manila.
One year on, progress visible in Horn of Africa
Sep 14, 2012
Last year more than 13 million people were starving in the Horn of Africa. ACT Alliance has not only provided emergency relief to hundreds of thousands, but has worked to better prepare them for a more resilient future.
Reflections on Rio+20
Jul 18, 2012
Christian Aid's senior advisor for sustainable development reflects on ACT's policy work at Rio+20, as well its investment in the "People's Summit" side event.
Churches worldwide urge Poland to show leadership on climate change action
Jun 01, 2012
Christian leaders and communities across the globe this week began lobbying the Polish government to take decisive and bold action to combat climate change, in a global campaign coordinated by ACT Alliance.
Baby steps at Bonn climate talks reveal lack of ambition
May 30, 2012
Discord, mistrust and a lack of ambition from countries contributed to the disappointing outcome of the latest round of climate negotiations in Bonn, Germany, ACT Alliance says.
Private finance needs thorough scrutiny
May 24, 2012
An event co-hosted by ACT Alliance at the UN climate talks in Bonn has revealed uncertainty over the role private finance can play in funding the international response to climate change.
Address climate gaps in Bonn, ACT says
May 21, 2012
With the latest round of climate change negotiations now underway, ACT Alliance is urging governments to address the failures of last year's COP 17 climate talks in Durban, South Africa.


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4.5(35 reviews)
From: Winchester
1-year limited warranty
Average Customer Review4.0 (16 reviews)
Create an online reviewand share your thoughts with other customers
Things I liked:Well made; Cool "Mechanical" Blowback/Slide Back; Pretty Accurate; Adjustable Sights.
Things I would have changed:Not Really Much Of Anything... Perhaps Add A Metal Slide.
What others should know:Good Gun. I Would Recommend... :)
Things I liked:Metal reciever with Blowback simulation can be field striped. Co2 in the magazine alowing me to remove ammo and co2 for dry fire trigger practice,Trigger is good for a Blowback action gun,Power over 400 FPS
Things I would have changed:Gun is a bit light in weight which is a plus for some but I like em heavier
What others should know:The gun is made well all plastic is Glock quality in fact it reminds me of that gun with the metal upper and polimer lower.The trigger needs to be pulled quick with a 2 hand weaver grip.If ya squeeze it slowly ya lose power for some reason but with the co2 half empty I got 362 361 and 362 fps on a 3 shot chrony reading would have been higher if the co2 wasnt half gone still as powerful as needed for 10 yrd plinking havent got a chrony with a fresh co2 but the first few shots are startling LOL but true kinda loud if ya like that
Things I liked:good realistic weight. Combo CO2/bb clip.Capacity and shot count per cartridge.Quick rate of fire.Accurate for quick double tap shots at rats/pigeons out to 30 ft.No problems putting every BB into soda can at 20 yds with single hand shooting.
Things I would have changed:stock trigger isnt bad(little grainy) but a little clean up and much cleaner pull
What others should know:good value for dollar.Well built and fun plinker
Show Other ReviewsCreate an online review and share your thoughts with other customers
CheckoutSubtotal (USD):
does not include shipping and tax


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After shutting down the Microsoft Windows 8/8.1 PC and turning the system back on, it is not possible to enter BIOS Setup (by pressing F1) or the Boot Menu (by pressing F12).
|Affected Configurations
The above symptom is associated with, but not limited to, the following systems:
Affected Systems (machine types, model types):
System is configured with:
|Applies to
|Additional Information
By default, a Windows 8/8.1 shutdown is not a real shutdown. Instead, it is hybrid shutdown where contents of memory are saved to disk. This allows for a faster startup. However, turning on the PC after a hybrid shutdown does not allow for pressing F1 or F12 during startup.
There are several ways to enter Setup Utility (F1) or the Boot Menu (F12) on a Microsoft Windows 8/8.1 PC as explained below:
It is also possible to access these features from within Windows 8/8.1.
To enter Setup Utility:
To access the Boot Menu:
Lenovo, ThinkCentre, ThinkStation, and ThinkPad are trademarks of the Lenovo Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.
Microsoft, Windows, and the Windows logo are trademarks, or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
|Additional Lenovo Support Information


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I believe (?) Serwer is ultimately agreeing that his position is that members of Al Qaeda deserve neither rights as soldiers nor rights as criminals, which I just find inconsistent with a belief in universal human rights. There's a lot you could say, but the crux of it is this, I guess:
DeBoer takes the approach that even if the killing were consistent with the law, it doesn't matter because he believes there are no circumstances in which the government is justified in killing anyone. I don't take that view, and I particularly don't take the view that American service members are just "the government" and so cannot act in their own defense while those who are trying to kill them are part of the unbreakable circle of life.Not true. I'm not, actually, a pacifist myself. I am protective of pacifists and frequently convinced that the are better people than I. I maintain a belief that any liberal claiming that the defense of torture is the moral equivalent of pacifism is, frankly, dangerously deluded. I also think that the refusal to stand with people like radical pacifists is a symptom of precisely why the American left is toothless. Mainstream liberals capitulate and capitulate and capitulate to the right wing in moving the center-- and the extremes define the center-- and then find it difficult to enact the policy platforms they want when the American mainstream is too far to the right. Forget about whether this is more liberal or less; as a matter of practical success, it's a disaster. And it teaches young leftists everywhere that whatever else is true, their movement counterparts won't stick up for them.
I don't know if the killing of bin Laden was legal or not. What I do know is that criminals should be captured with nonlethal force whenever that is possible and given fair and public trials to determine their guilt. If a drug dealer starts shooting at the cops, they have a right to use lethal force to subdue him. They don't have the right to burst into his home, kill many unarmed people, and shoot him despite the fact that he was unarmed, elderly, and sick. So tell me: is a situation like the one that our best available evidence tells us occurred in Abbottabad a situation where a reasonable attempt was made to use nonlethal force? It's hard to tell, given that the people responsible for the raid keep lying about it. But I don't find the idea that such an attempt was made even minimally convincing, given the facts, and many are saying plainly that this was simply a kill mission.
I suppose we'll just have to remain in the dark when it comes to whether the Obama administration and the team that raided made a reasonable effort to apprehend bin Laden without killing him. It seens clear to me, though, that if they didn't (there are elections to think of, after all) then bin Laden's killing was inconsistent with the legal framework for fighting terrorism, and in my opinion, a moral lapse.


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C.P.'s Message
Shri Bhim Sain Bassi (IPS)
Commissioner of Police Delhi
Commissioner of Police Delhi
The year 2013 has been witness to the meticulous implementation of a slew of measures pertaining to women's safety. These include increasing the number of call-takers on the Telephone Nos. 100 and 1091; creation of 24×7 women helpdesks at all police stations; conversion of 522 posts of male Constables to that of Woman Constables and creation of additional posts of 306 W/SIs and 778 Woman Constables; interaction with students and teachers of girls colleges and schools; self defence training programmes; deployment of PCR vans, Motor Cycles and pickets to cover vulnerable locations and appointment of […]Read More..


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Step 1: Getting your beans.
Reading the packet/can should help you choose though phrases like 'rich aroma' and 'subtle blends' are a given, look for the kind of coffee you like/want, remember if ytou want you can get flavour infused beans aswell, though if they are much more expensive than the same without the flavour consider infusing them at home.
Step 2: Grind 'Em Up!
If you don't have a coffee grinder think outside the box a little, a herb grinder can work or possibly a blender if you are a blendtec employee...
Step 3: Making: The French press/cafetiere
Add your boiling water up to the level just below the highest point the filter will sit at, not a paper filter, the mesh circle that is...
Let your coffee brew! This isn't instant, wait between 6 and 8 minutes get the biscuits out, potter around but don't take it early and ruin the coffee quality...
After the time is up slowly and carefully slide the plunger on top down to the bottom, take care doing this or you'll end up with gritty coffee.
When pouring go slowly, it'll help keep the grounds from unsettling, especially on the last cup.
(I'm italian,I know hot to make a GOOD coffee...)
the first I tried to use it ,with help from my know it all brother inlaw, I shot coffee every were, because removed part that held the coffee while it was still under pressure. after some research several years latter I got it to work and saw it in a book as an "atomic style" and it still makes a great cup.
Knex has made it into another featured ible!
Victory at last!
you have no idea how >:( I'd be if it became un-featured..... lol
In this article, we are going to discuss the importance of caffeine addiction and the most important facts about it, as caffeine addiction is something we all must prevent in order for us to be healthy and stay that way for years. We are also going to mention some significant facts about caffeine effects and how caffeine effects may affect our body performance considerably.
Caffeine addiction is one of the most famous types of addictions in the world, just like cocaine and marihuana. Caffeine addiction sometimes has been considered a lie, but it is a really, because caffeine is a stimulant that becomes addictive within a certain period of time. Interestingly, caffeine addiction shows up when you are not expecting it, and it does not necessarily show up because we want to
Pure caffeine is, chemically speaking, a plant-based alkaloid that stimulates the central nervous system in any living creature that intakes it. Biologically, caffeine serves as a form of pest control for certain plants like cacao trees, coffee shrubs, yuba mate and tea trees; it causes insects and other pests to fall down from the effects of over-stimulation. So, just like those pests and insects that I mentioned, caffeine also produces stimulation in our central nervous system, which usually makes us feel more energized, invigorating and active.
There is something called caffeine withdrawal, which refers to the sudden denial of us to consume caffeine, and it happens when regular consumers of caffeinated products may experience painful headaches if the body is denied caffeine. These headaches are caused by excess blood gathering in the area around the brain and sinus cavities, so without the stimulation provided by caffeine, the blood vessels shrink, restricting the blood flow. The traditional cure for caffeine withdrawal is to ingest more caffeine, which is not a healthy solution and this is also why many headache medications contain small amounts of caffeine.... to be continued
You can find more info at: http://yourcaffeineaddiction.com/http://yourcaffeineaddiction.com/