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Sauces, dips, dressings, and condiments from around the world.
Tonkatsu Sauce (Japanese-style Barbecue Sauce)
About the author: Joshua Bousel brings you new, tasty condiment each Wednesday and a recipe for weekend grilling every Friday. He also writes about grilling and barbecue on his blog The Meatwave whenever he can be pulled away from his grill.
Every recipe we publish is tested, tasted, and Serious Eats-approved by our staff. Never miss a recipe again by following @SeriousRecipes on Twitter!
Tonkatsu Sauce (Japanese-style Barbecue Sauce)
About This Recipe
|makes about 1/2 cup
|Active time:
|5 minutes
|Total time:
|5 minutes
|This recipe appears in:
|Sauced: Tonkatsu Sauce
- 1/3 cup ketchup
- 2 tablespoons Worcestershire sauce
- 1 tablespoon soy sauce
- 1 tablespoon mirin
- 1 tablespoon sugar
- 1 teaspoon Dijon mustard
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder


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In what is perhaps a first for Jones County, a father and son were among those given the oath of office Jan. 3 by Probate Judge Mike Greene, namely Board of Education District Two representative Alfred Pitts and Board of Commission District Two representative Jonathan Pitts.
Alfred Pitts and Board of Education District Four representative Mark Andrews were elected without opposition this past November in the first election for the board members since their offices were changed to non-partisan by the 2012 Georgia General Assembly.
Jonathan Pitts was elected to represent Commission District Two in the July 31 primary election. He was opposed by former Commissioner David Gault. Both candidates ran as Democrats and had no Republican opposition in November.
District Four Commissioner Daylon Martin was also sworn into office. He defeated former Commissioner Bert Liston, who ran as a Republican in the November election. Liston had served the county for two terms.
Pitts said it was a great experience to be sworn into office with his dad. He said with all the family there taking pictures, he felt like a rock star.
For the full story, pick up a copy of this week's newspaper or subscribe to our e-Edition at http://ee.jcnews.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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R1 Pullover (Women's)
In Stock Product Number: 30287
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* This product does not qualify for shipping to all countries.
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Technologies: [Polartec, Regulator, bluesign approved]
bluesign approved
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Vendor ProductId: 40117
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- Was this a gift?:
- No


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Find hotels & motels in Winchester using the list below. Search for cheap and discounted hotel and motel rates in or close to Winchester, TN for your personal leisure or group travel. We provide the best Winchester Tennessee hotel/motel rooms. Review the Winchester hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Winchester hotels. Need 5+ Rooms? Secure Winchester Group Hotel DiscountsThe Winchester center point is around 8 miles from Tims Ford State Park and 10 miles from Sewanee: University of the South.
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My favorite project to date was an initiative to upgrade a software program which is installed on all of the database servers within Card Services. This application is used to implement a standard set of risk controls used to ensure data security and privacy. The primary user of the tool is our Risk department, which uses the component to monitor and track all database activity, meet regulatory and compliance expectations, and generate reports. The software is effective in identifying any unexpected activity and generating real time alerts. With the sensitive nature of the data stored in our systems related to Credit Cards and customer information, having secure data is crucial. I was the Project Manager of this effort, and was responsible for defining the tasks and schedule required to complete the project, as well as managing the progress. The servers were located in various physical locations, and supported the development, QA, and production environments.
The upgrade process had impacts to a multitude of business groups and applications, because the process required the database(s) residing on the targeted servers to be shut down during the upgrade procedure. In order to reduce the impact to the various business units, we had to coordinate timing to avoid times that had the highest level of activity on the database servers. We had to work closely with each group to ensure they were aware of the change and were available to participate in the process to ensure all business applications resumed functionality appropriately, following the upgrade.
Tags: software, Risk, monitor, Card Services, Project Manager
One of my favorite projects I have worked on to date is the creation of the first-ever Mortgage Bank Technology Newsletter. Shortly after starting at J.P. Morgan I was tasked by my manager to create a newsletter. He did not specifically elaborate on the requirements but rather gave me the flexibility to make the project my own which allowed me to use my own creativity in the process. I was told that the newsletter should be educational and communicate what is happening in IT Risk. I started by talking to other lines of business that also had newsletters to see how they created and managed the process of getting interesting material and their execution for distribution. This allowed me to see the challenges they faced, gain advice and prepared me to learn from their best practices and set the process in my group.
Tags: Mortgage Bank, technology
Do you know what a mainframe is? I certainly didn't until I interned at J.P. Morgan the summer of 2011. My name is Joe, and I'm an Electrical Engineer. I attended West Point from 2008–2010 and Ohio State University from 2010–2012. Following my internship, I accepted a full-time position in April of 2012 as an Infrastructure Engineer in the same group I had interned with: Global Technology Infrastructure. I work in Columbus, Ohio, in the same building as many other J.P. Morgan employees. (The running joke is that there are not enough parking spots!)
Tags: Infrastructure Engineer, Columbus, Ohio, Technology
My name is Andrew, and I am entering my fourth year as a Business Analyst at J.P. Morgan. I have a B.S. in finance with minors in economics and management information systems from the University of Delaware. I grew up in a rural, small town in Delaware where I now live with my wife and two dogs. When I am not in the office, I am an avid outdoorsman (hunting, fishing, biking and water sports).
I found out about J.P. Morgan's technology opportunities through informal information given out on campus. As a finance major, I was well aware of J.P. Morgan's prestige, and was eager to apply for a position at the firm.
Tags: Business Analyst, technology opportunity, J.P. Morgan, intern, full-time, Newark, Delaware, Technology, firm
My name is Taurean, but I usually go by Tory. I've been working for the firm in Syracuse, New York, for about two and a half years. I was first introduced to J.P. Morgan through a career counselor at Syracuse University, where I attended and graduated with a degree in computer engineering.
Tags: Syracuse, New York, J.P. Morgan, Application Developer, firm, role, internship
I attended Syracuse University, and graduated in 2011 with a B.S. in information management and technology and a minor in global enterprise technology.
I first learned about Technology opportunities at J.P. Morgan through my career services office at school. I received an email about summer internship positions available at the Syracuse Technology Center, and applied for the program. The summer internship led me to continue this role during the academic year, and after graduation I joined J.P. Morgan full-time as a Systems Engineer.
Tags: Technology, Syracuse, Systems Engineer, program, intern
My name is Katie, and I recently completed my final rotational position as a Business Analyst. Prior to beginning a full-time position at J.P. Morgan, I participated in the Global Enterprise Technology (GET) program at Syracuse University. As an undergraduate at Syracuse, I studied information management and technology, political science and completed the GET minor. Immediately following my undergraduate studies, I pursued an M.S. in information management, which I completed last spring. I am originally from a small suburb of Rochester, New York, and have one younger sibling who will be graduating from Kent State University in May.
My first internship opportunity at J.P. Morgan was as a participant in the GET extended internship program. In 2009, I completed an eight-month internship in an Operations role for the Treasury Services & Securities Services and Clearing businesses, located in Newark, Delaware. As I pursued my M.S. degree, I also held an internship at the Technology Center at Syracuse University, in a Quality Assurance position for Asset Management.
Tags: Business Analyst, internship, Newark, Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware, Application developer, business, team
My name is Andy and I graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with a B.S. in electrical engineering with a minor in computer science. I was born and raised on the South side of Chicago. In my free time, I enjoy spending time with my friends and volunteering at local charities and nonprofit organizations. I am also actively involved with the firm's AsPIRE (Asians & Pacific Islanders Reaching for Excellence) business resource group and the Chicago Volunteer Leadership group. I currently live in Chicago and work in the Corporate & Investment Bank, specifically within the Treasury Services & Securities Services and Clearing businesses.
I first interned at the firm during the summer of 2010. I was looking for an internship to gain valuable work experience, and learned about J.P. Morgan's technology opportunities through my college's career services website. After finding the internship job posting, the Application Developer role immediately drew my attention, as the job description closely matched my interests and background. J.P. Morgan's presence in Chicago, and large amount of networking opportunities also factored into my decision to pursue a position with the firm.
Tags: firm, internship, opportunity, Application Developer, Chicago, event
My name is Sarah and I joined J.P. Morgan in July 2012 after graduating from Marshall University in May 2012. I'm currently working in Columbus, Ohio as an Application Developer in Enterprise Systems. I help build dynamic user interfaces for web and mobile applications that bankers use to manage client data.
I first learned of the opportunities available in Technology at J.P. Morgan in my senior year, and had not fully considered working at a bank beforehand. I always saw myself working at a small software engineering company. After learning from one of my professors about Tech opportunities at the firm, I submitted my résumé, and was offered a phone interview. I did not expect too much from the interview, and envisioned having a strictly formal conversation—how unbelievably wrong I was. My interviewer, Stephen, was dynamic and friendly. When asking questions, it was clear he wasn't reading from a script; he was genuinely interested in my responses and wanted to learn about me as a person and my careers goals. It was unlike any other phone interview I'd had, and completely changed my outlook on the firm and how critical Technology is to the firm's businesses.
Tags: Columbus, Ohio, Application Developer, opportunity, technology, J.P. Morgan, business, team, learn, project
My name is Luke, and I work as a Business Analyst in Columbus, Ohio. I first heard about J.P. Morgan through a close friend who participated in the firm's summer internship program. I was a senior at Ohio State University preparing for graduation with a degree in Biology, so it was hard to see myself working for a financial institution.
Initially, I did not believe that anyone with a Biology degree would be qualified. I was hesitant to learn more about the positions available, since I was not familiar with the firm's Technology business. When I shared my concern with the recruiters, I was reassured that J.P. Morgan hires people not based on their major, but on their abilities and potential. That idea really hit home with me and sparked my curiosity. After attending a recruiting event, I became more interested in both the opportunities available in Technology and the firm, and realized that it would be a great place for me to start my career.
Tags: Business Analyst, Columbus, Ohio, internship, technology, people, event, opportunity, place, development


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The Board of Commissioners for the Town of Yadkinville voted unanimously to amend the fee schedule meter deposit from $100 to $150.
Public Works Director Perry Williams reported that the current $100 fee is not covering the costs of the service.
"The rental properties are what really hurts us," Williams said. "The commercial rental properties haven't really been a problem but the residential properties have."
Williams reported that many residential property renters would leave the residence without paying the fees and it left the county covering the costs or writing them off.
The board also voted unanimously to approve a joint insurance policy with Yadkin County Schools that would cover the town if a student was to be injured at Yadkinville Community Park.
The vote was revisited at the meeting following last month's meeting when the board asked Town Manager Christopher Ong to review the policy with the town's insurance agent.
Ong reported that the town's agent reviewed the document and suggested that the town be renewed yearly through the school's policy and that the town be listed as insured under the school's policy.
With the coverage from the school the town also agreed to waive fees associated with group visits to the park and made it clear that the park would be open to all schools in the Yadkin County School System and not just schools in and near Yadkinville.
"I feel that the town should approve this for the entire school system because it would look bad on us to turn the schools away," Commissioner Gene Branon said.
Other topics from the meeting:
-The board voted unanimously to approve rezoning for 112 Lee Avenue from resident to residential-office.
-The board voted unanimously to approve a text amendment request for LED signs with the inclusion of community theater to the amendment.
-The board voted unanimously to appoint John Willingham to the Yadkinville Tourism Authority to replace Danielle Frye.
-Yadkinville Police Chief Tim Parks provided a yearly report for 2012 to the commissioners for the department. The report shows that crimes reported were up 10.6 percent from 2011 with 425 calls answered, arrests were up 13 percent with 293 arrests made, citations were up 78 percent with 1,317 citations issued and parking citations were down 69 percent with only 138 citations issued.
Reach Lindsay Craven at 679-2341 or at email@example.com.


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Book Online or Call 0844 846 0808 Calls will cost 7p /minute plus your phone company's access charge
Relax on the shores of beautiful Lake Garda with its lovely lakeside villages and enjoy wonderful excursions to fabulous and historic Venice and Verona.
9 days from £599.00, 12 days from £869.00
We have a choice of a 9-day tour with six nights in Lake Garda or a more leisurely 12-day tour with two extra nights in Lake Garda and an extra overnight stop on the return journey home
9-Day Tour
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You can travel in armchair comfort for only a little extra. Add a touch of luxury to your holiday - choose to upgrade to Silver Service for luxury coach travel with added benefits.
All of our coaches are modern and comfortable, and you can be assured of a high level of service and reliability from our expertly-trained coach crews, who are on hand to assist and escort you along the way!
This tour is a fly-tour. Flights are available from a choice of airports. See across for details. Return airport transfers are included at your destination at the start and end of your tour.
This tour consists of an inclusive cruising element, by either river or sea!
Door-to-Door service may be chargeable depending on distance to the joining point and number of passengers, please call for more information. Some joining points carry a supplement which will be clearly shown when booking.
Prices are per person, based on two sharing
If you are looking to create your own tour to go on with friends or family, our groups team can personalise any tour to suit your requirements. See the Group Travel page for more details.
Upgrade to Silver Service and enjoy these extras
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If there is something we could help you with, you can give us a call on 0844 846 0808, or alternatively:
As a single traveller, you can benefit from NO or LOW single room supplements on some of our regular holidays. We have limited availability on these rooms, so book today.
On selected holidays of 9 days duration or more and Single Traveller coach holidays, you don't even have to think about getting to your joining point! Provided you live within 20 miles of one of our free joining points, from only £60* per car, we'll pick you up from your home and return you back.(subject to terms & availability).
On selected popular tours, choose a flying start (fly out and join coach for return
journey), flying return (travel out by coach and fly home), or fly both ways!
Plus we'll arrange your flights and transfers between your hotel and the European airport.
Here at Leger, our Directors are a hands-on crew and like to experience holidays the same way as you do.
By travelling on tours and talking to our customers,
they get very valuable feedback that we use to ensure we deliver you
the best holiday possible.
© Leger Holidays 2015


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I am ticked off today because I spent 2 hours putting together a motorized Thomas the Train train set and one of my little dayhome monsters took all of 5 mins to take it apart!
This message board is only an archive. Click here to go to the current message board.
I am ticked off today because I spent 2 hours putting together a motorized Thomas the Train train set and one of my little dayhome monsters took all of 5 mins to take it apart!
I am ticked off today because I have wasted half of my life on rank stupidity, and now have to try to get it right, and I'm too old for this s**t.
Flushable wipes probably ARE flushable...in laboratory tests. The problem arises when you flush them straightaway and they hang out in the "S-Bend" of your John (no offense intended, JD).
Let them hang out in the bowl for a while before flushing. More surface area for the water to work. Adding one of those "once a month" bleach-based nuggets to your tank might also help them break down faster. And when in doubt, plunge BEFORE flushing.
cause it is raining and I have to go to the dump and it is packed.Long wait in the rain. LOL
Now one would think that a not so really big fish would be naturally predisposed to being flushed, tis not so say I.
Oh yes please, allow me to explain...
One of my brothers loved his fishes, and kept multiple fish tanks with many varieties of exotic species.
Just before this one yuletide time of year, he bought a fish he said was some kind of South American Freshwater Shark.
(but in reality, it was really a Channel Catfish...now he could call it whatever he wanted, but I know a Channel Catfish when I see one, as I've caught, cleaned, and ate many, but when a some sucker pays in the neighborhood of a hundred ducats for a fish, well, they's gonna keep callin' it something foreign & exotic, and this particular fish stick was no exception)
Anyway, said Catfishy lookin' "Shark", of suspect origin, kicked the water bucket as it were, and my brother found it floating on top of it's tank in the mourning, stiff as a plank (a deeelicious way to prepare many swimmylicious things by the way, I highly recommend Ceder or Hickory).
Well naturally, as befalls the fate of millions of fishes yearly, Goldfish I'm thinkin' being numero uno, whoooosh down the commode it goes, the ol' burial at sewer, and just a few hours the whole family was to arrive...timing is everything as the sayin ' goes!
Ahh but this is no Goldfish, this is a eight or nine inch Catfish (incognitoly disguised as a Spanish, or possibly Portuguese speaking, freshwater "Shark"...oh yeeeah, with whiskers..well, for the porpoise of that oh so clever disguise ya know), that has rigor mortised into the exact shape of a banana..well okay, as close as the shape of a banana a Catfishshark can become in death, but one must remember, it was a master of disguise in life, so.......
So now we have a 'nana shaped, not so fresh, do-it-yourself serving of sushi, and as Mr.James has pointed out, that plumbers friend, the home owners dreaded, da da da daaaa, S-Bend...Houston..uhhh, I mean Mrs. Paul's, we have a problem!
Yep, all the pipes flow overboard, water is coming up all the tub and shower drains, it's pouring through the ceiling in the basement...Mama, let us say for the sake of simplicity (and without all that damned cursing), is not a very happy camper..and she doesn't even camp out is what I'm sayin'!
My brother learned three valuable lessons that day (I mean after all, those are the most expensive in my experience), one is Mama knew some words we hadn't previoulsy realized she was hip to, two is obvious, if your gonna flush a not too big, but yet rather large(ish) fish down the toilet, after it has stiffened into something other than straight geometric shapes, one should break out the Bass-O-Matic, or at the very least a cleaver, and three, plumbers make some pretty sweeeet dough doin' emergency calls on cold Christmas mornings.
...because my husband treats me like an idiot for NOT wanting to learn how to use the iPod, iTouch, or iPad, and that I don't want to learn how to use the cell phone or carry it.
I'm just NOT interested. I can use a computer to do the important stuff like writing, coming in here to see you guys, and doing my labels for the farmer's market stuff I make. I don't need to have technology attached to me at all times to be complete.
Great short story there, Pat.
Publishablable. Get to work.


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Focus Area:Prevention
- HIV Prevention Knowledge Base
- See All Topics
- Topics by Alphabetical Order
- See All Topics
- Combination Approaches
- Biomedical Interventions
- Behavioral Interventions
- Comprehensive Sexuality Education
- Comprehensive Condom Use Programs
- Delayed Sexual Debut
- Mass Media and HIV Prevention
- Multiple and Concurrent Sexual Partnerships
- Partner Reduction
- Peer Outreach and Education
- Prevention of Alcohol-related HIV Risk Behavior
- Transactional and Age-disparate Sex in Hyperendemic Countries
- Structural Interventions
- Multimedia Resources
- Podcast: Reaching Transgender and MSM Populations through Social Media
- Video on Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC)
- Prevention Update
- HIV Prevention Update: Latest Must-Read Literature
- Subscribe to the Prevention Update
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Subscribe to AIDSTAR-One!
Sign up to receive current HIV technical resources delivered to your inbox. Customize your updates based on your areas of interest.
What can AIDSTAR-One do for you?
From short-term technical assistance to long-term program implementation support and more, AIDSTAR-One provides rapid, evidence-based services to PEPFAR country teams in generalized, mixed and concentrated HIV epidemic settings.
Behavioral Interventions: Transactional and Age-disparate Sex in Hyperendemic Countries
I. Definition of the Prevention Area
Transactional sex (TS) is the practice of exchanging sex for financial or lifestyle rewards. Distinct from formalized sex work, transactional sex is thought to be a fairly common form of sexual partnering in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Young women may engage in transactional sex with older men to support their basic needs (e.g., food, clothing, school fees) or to obtain desirable consumer goods (e.g., cell phones, fashionable clothing, jewelry, meals at expensive restaurants) and the social status that goes with them. Gifts for sex may be seen as symbolizing the love and respect a man feels for his partner and the importance he places on the relationship. In contrast, "giving away" sex can stigmatize young women as "loose" and lacking self-respect.
"Age-disparate" relationships are those occurring between young people and individuals five or more years their senior. Sexual relationships between individuals 10 or more years apart in age are referred to as "intergenerational" or "cross-generational" relationships. While these relationships take different forms, this document focuses on age-disparate transactional sexual relationships involving older men and young women.
II. Epidemiological Justification for the Prevention Area
Young women and girls are especially vulnerable to HIV due to biological and social factors. For example, unequal access to economic opportunity often compels them to trade on their sexuality. The epidemiological record shows that young women in sub-Saharan Africa are two to four-and-a-half times more likely to be living with HIV than their male counterparts. There is compelling evidence that these gender disparities stem in part from the frequency of age-disparate and transactional sexual networking in parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
Transactional sex, which has been strongly associated with increased risk of HIV among young women, is common in the region. One recent study, conducted in South Africa, found that nearly a quarter of all young women respondents report ever having sex with a non-primary male partner (for example, a man who is not her husband or boyfriend) in exchange for material goods or money. Other studies report similarly high levels of transactional sex among youth in Africa, ranging from 2 percent among some young women in Tanzania to 90 percent among 15- to 19- year-old women in one Ugandan study. Transactional sex often occurs as a feature of age-disparate sexual networks (because older men are likelier than boys to have the means to offer gifts for sex) or of multiple concurrent partnerships. Even independent of these contexts of increased risk, women may have less power to negotiate condom use when engaging in transactional sex.
Age-disparate sexual relationships put young women and girls at heightened risk because older men often have higher HIV infection rates than adolescent boys or young men. The age disparity may also decrease a young women's ability to negotiate for safer sex for a variety of reasons, including not wanting to challenge an elder. Various studies have shown that these relationships are common throughout sub-Saharan Africa and that they are associated with unsafe sexual behavior, low condom use, and increased risk for HIV. One study in Zimbabwe provided clear evidence that age-disparate sexual networking explains gender differences in HIV infection rates among youth in that country.
III. Core Programmatic Components
Effective programming to address age-disparate transactional sexual relationships builds upon the social and cultural contexts that influence sexual behavior. Promising practices have included a combination of microeconomic approaches (such as small loans or conditional cash incentives), interpersonal and community activities (such as support groups, youth groups, mentoring programs, and clubs), and broad-scale interventions using the media. These activities challenge social norms that condone age-disparate sex and give girls support and information to empower them to make healthier choices.
The greater involvement of men in prevention programs that challenge gender and other social norms is another important programmatic component. Examples of such programs include Program H, which promotes gender-equitable norms among young men, and Men as Partners, which works with men to address gender norms, improve access to reproductive health care, and reduce intimate partner violence.
Some programs, like the Stepping Stones strategy, help communities discuss and identify their own solutions to the risks associated with normative sexual practices. Finally, more studies are needed to better understand and evaluate the cultural factors in transactional and intergenerational partnerships, their associated risks, and the impact of interventions to address them.
IV. Current Status of Implementation Experience
While the effect of age-disparate and transactional relationships on HIV epidemics has long been understood, these factors have only recently emerged as salient dimensions of the hyperepidemics in Southern Africa. Large-scale programming to address these issues is in its infancy, with new anthropological research expanding knowledge of the cultural issues underlying sexual risk.
Moving forward, programmers must identify and account for possible variations in the populations engaged in transactional sexual relationships, where age disparities are and are not involved, and how these various forms of sexual partnering affect HIV vulnerability in different settings. Successful programs will also be based on an understanding of specific social norms that influence transactional and age-disparate sexual relationships. It will then be critical to integrate such knowledge into combination prevention programs addressing the biomedical, cultural, behavioral, and structural factors contributing to sex-related HIV risk and vulnerability.
Community views of inter-generational sex: Findings from focus groups in Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland
Cockcroft, A., Lengwe Kunda, J., et al. Psychology, Health & Medicine (2010), Vol. 15 No. 5, pp. 507–514.
Focus group discussions among women ages 15–24 and men ages 40–55 in Botswana, Namibia, and Swaziland about intergenerational (IG) sex confirm previous findings from southern Africa: the practice is common; rural and urban diffferences exist in the nature of the goods for which women exchange sex; men engage in the practice seeking physical gratification; and condoms are infrequently used in these relationships. This study also found that men and young women engaging in IG sex felt their partners were more likely to be infected with HIV than a partner their own age. Despite this knowledge, they were willing to continue involvement in such relationships without using condoms. Women often discussed their older partners in depersonalized and disparaging ways, using various nicknames such as "ATM" or "my stupid one." The researchers conclude that HIV prevention efforts targeting older men can capitalize on this information about how younger women ridicule them. Furthermore, providing young women with alternative means of financial support may reduce their willingness to enter into IG relationships.
"I Just Need to be Flashy on Campus": Female Students and Transactional Sex at a University in Zimbabwe
Masvawure, T. Culture, Health & Sexuality (2010), Epub ahead of print.
This ethnographic study among young college women in Zimbabwe challenges the common assumptions that 1) young women engage in age-disparate transactional relationships in order to provide for their basic needs and 2) that these relationships are always sexual. While they pursued higher education, the basic living needs of the 10 young women interviewed were supported by their middle-class parents. These women sought out relationships with older off-campus men in order to obtain access to consumer goods and other resources necessary to be recognized among their peers as fashionable and of a higher status. While sex is often desired or requested by their older suitors, these young women deploy a range of strategies to avoid sexual contact and are generally (if not always) successful.
Transactional Sex Amongst Young People in Rural Northern Tanzania: An Ethnography of Young Women's Motivations and Negotiation
Wamoyi, J., Wight, D., Plummer, M., et al. Reproductive Health (2010), Vol. 7 No. 1, p. 2.
Conducted among youth ages 14 to 25 in nine rural villages in Tanzania, this ethnographic study examined young women's motivations to exchange sex for gifts or money. Study participants generally were unmarried with only primary schooling. Transactional sex (TS) was common and not considered immoral; participants saw the exchange as both parties gaining what they wanted. Furthermore, participants alluded to family member complicity in certain TS situations. Most relationships were formed on the basis of financial gain: romantic love or finding a marriage partner were rarely factors. Although macro-level factors influencing TS primarily benefit men, micro-level factors benefit both men and women. The authors further identified four ways that TS likely increases risk of HIV infection in this setting. Because TS is so strongly embedded in this culture, any attempts at harm reduction among this population must be carefully designed and piloted.
"Women's Bodies are Shops": Beliefs about Transactional Sex and Implications for Understanding Gender Power and HIV Prevention in Tanzania
Wamoyi, J., Fenwick, A., Urassa, M., et al. Archives of Sexual Behavior (2010), Epub ahead of print.
This ethnographic research studies TS in rural Tanzania within the context of family relationships. Young people aged 14 to 24 years and their parents were observed and interviewed; follow-up interviews provided clarification on important themes emerging from the first set of interviews. Generally, everyone—parents and youth alike—was in favor of TS. A woman's body was seen as a commodity. Participants explained that only women who did not value their self-worth would have sex without any exchange. Such women were looked down on by others, seen as stupid or easily cheated, worth nothing, and thus equated with prostitutes. Furthermore, the exchange of goods or money was symbolic, signifying seriousness or love. Women often felt that they were exploiting men, and thus TS was a way for women to exert power. Despite knowing about the risks to sexual and reproductive health, women generally did not use contraception. Because TS appears to be a social norm, risk reduction programs may focus on encouraging women to include safer sex in their negotiation for gifts and money.
Beyond Sugar Daddies: Intergenerational Sex and AIDS in Urban Zimbabwe
Wyrod, R., Fritz, K., Woelk, G., et al. AIDS and Behavior (2010), Epub ahead of print.
While attention and research have focused on "sugar daddies" posing an increased risk of HIV to young women in sub-Saharan Africa, few studies have gathered epidemiologic HIV data within age-disparate relationships. This study examined the relationships and sexual behavior of 1,313 men in beer halls in Zimbabwe at the peak of the HIV epidemic (2002–2003). Nearly half of the interviewees reported having more than one sexual partner in the six months prior to the interview. Furthermore, nearly two-thirds reported at least one partner five or more years younger, many of whom were their wives. Only 2.5% of the relationships met the "sugar daddy" criteria. Unexpectedly, the study found that the younger the female partner was, the greater the likelihood of condom use. There was no association between a man's positive HIV status and his engaging in intergenerational (IG) sex. The men reported lowest levels of condom use with their wives and steady partners. This suggests that while age-disparate relationships are a concern for a sustained HIV epidemic, conventional IG relationships—that is, married and long-term couples—pose a greater risk of HIV infection than "sugar daddy" relationships. Publicizing the dangers of age-disparate relationships may be one way to address this issue, as would changes in social norms that would enable women to negotiate safe sex, regardless of their age. Weaknesses of the study include not interviewing the female partners and that the men may not be representative of the broader population, as alcohol use is a known risk factor for HIV infection.
Cultural Scripts for Multiple and Concurrent Partnerships in Southern Africa: Why HIV Prevention Needs Anthropology
Leclerc-Madlala, S. Sexual Health (2009), Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 103–110.
This qualitative study explores the underlying cultural contexts in which sexualities are formed and sexual practices performed in southern Africa. The author argues that practices of multiple, concurrent, and transactional relationships are "interlinked and should be considered together as key cultural scripts that prescribe for the practice of normative transactional sex." One such cultural script suggests that giving gifts commensurate with their wealth is one way men in the region demonstrate "love, commitment, or affection" to their sexual partners. Men here feel compelled to share their wealth with sexual partners as a way of showing respect, and expressed the belief that only morally "loose" women would ever give sex for free.
Transactional Sex with Casual and Main Partners among Young South African Men in the Rural Eastern Cape: Prevalence, Predictors, and Associations with Gender-based Violence
Dunkle, K. L., Jewkes, R., Nduna, M., et al. Social Science & Medicine (2007), Vol. 65 No. 6, pp. 1235–1248.
Secondary analysis of data collected for an HIV behavioral prevention study informs this research on men's views of TS from 70 villages in the rural Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Researchers assessed TS practices with primary girlfriends and casual partners, including whether men received resources from female partners. Nearly 20 percent of the men interviewed gave material resources to casual partners, but only 7 percent received from casual partners. Among main girlfriends, giving and getting resources were nearly equal (15 percent versus 14 percent, respectively). Interestingly, men who gave and received resources were equally likely to report controlling and violent behaviors, including perpetrating interpersonal violence. Furthermore, TS was correlated to sexually assaulting women. The authors concluded that, "TS should be viewed as a part of a cluster of sexually violent and controlling practices." This research suggests that interventions must focus on changing the idea that masculinity means success with and control over women, rather than work to reduce individual HIV risk behaviors.
Skinning the Goat and Pulling the Load: Transactional Sex among Youth in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Maganja, R. K., Maman, S., Groves, A., et al. AIDS Care (2007), Vol. 19 No. 8, pp. 974–981.
In-depth interviews and focus group discussions took place among men and women ages 16 to 24 years in Dar es Salaam to identify their HIV risk factors. The researchers found TS emerging as a major theme in every discussion. Interviewees identified two types of partners: 1) regular, "true love" partnerships and 2) casual partners. The connection between sex and money was explicit in casual relationships. While such an exchange was also expected in the committed relationships, it was not the primary motivation for the relationship. Men generally engaged in partnerships for sex, while women entered them for social status, the eventuality of marriage, and money. Some women reported engaging in TS as a survival strategy. Men also reported forcing women to have sex after paying for drinks or entrance into a disco, and feeling justified in doing so. Women in committed partnerships, however, could express their sexual desires, refuse sex, and negotiate condom use with their partners. The authors conclude that TS has implications for HIV prevention programming and should be a part of comprehensive youth HIV prevention efforts.
Sex, Money, and Premarital Partnerships in Southern Malawi
Poulin, M. J. Social Science & Medicine (2007), Vol. 65 No. 11, pp. 2383–2393.
In-depth interviews among youth in the Balaka district of Malawi dispel traditional "sugar daddy" myths and indicate that money and gifts are a part of traditional courting traditions. In these rural areas, premarital partnerships are the norm, as is providing the female partner with money and/or gifts to show love and affection. Often, this relationship is the precursor to marriage. For men, it is a point of masculinity to be able to provide a partner with money that women can use for luxury items. Among couples who may be together without claiming "true love," there are some TS aspects to the relationship. Contrary to prevailing beliefs about women being disempowered, the interviews found that the woman decides whether she wants to enter into a relationship. Furthermore, she is free to end the relationship any time she wishes. Girls often informally ask about potential partners' sexual behavior as a strategy to minimize HIV risk, but condom use is generally not very high among these partnerships.
Saying No to Intergenerational Sex: The Experience of Schoolgirls in Botswana
Nkosana, J., & Rosenthal, D. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies (2007), Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 1–11.
This qualitative study explored the factors that help school girls in Botswana avoid IG relationships. The girls who were able to resist relationships with older partners had a number of attributes and beliefs such as having a strong sense of self-worth, accepting their economic circumstances, and wanting to maintain power in decision making. Themes relating to social and cultural factors also played a role. For example, the girls had respect for marriage and believed that older people should be regarded as parents. They also reported religious beliefs and school connectedness. The authors recommended adapting these practices and program approaches into their HIV and AIDS prevention programs to empower girls to resist IG relationships.
Ties of Dependence: AIDS and Transactional Sex in Rural Malawi
Swidler, A., & Watkins, S. C. Studies in Family Planning (2007), Vol. 38 No. 3, pp. 147–162.
Using qualitative evidence from rural Malawi, this anthropological analysis concludes that patron–client ties and a moral obligation to support the needy, fundamental to African social life, are central elements of TS. The study finds that men's relative wealth may compel them to take sexual partners; that, for women, TS may be a pathway to social mobility and economic independence; and that the ties that derive from the exchange of sex for money are one form of patron–client interactions that are part of many African societies.
"Milking the Cow": Young Women's Constructions of Identity, Gender, Power and Risk in Transactional and Cross-generational Sexual Relationships: Maputo, Mozambique
Hawkins, K., Mussa, F., & Abuxahama, S. (2005).
Nearly 200 women aged 16 to 25 years from Central Maputo, Mozambique, participated in ethnographic research to understand their sexual behavior. The women classified sexual relationships into groups: 1) the namorados (same-age boyfriends with whom there is a perception of trust); 2) pitos (partners for sexual pleasure and no economic exchange); 3) sengue (older married men); and 4) amante (lovers). They consider sengue and amante to be transactional relationships. Women saw such relationships as a way to empower themselves socially and economically. They did not view TS as sex work because it takes place within a relationship. Because these women generally lack educational and occupational opportunities and can only earn low wages, TS offers them a way to advance. While having a sengue is seen as a source of status and pride among their peer group, these women keep such a relationship secret to avoid being labeled a whore—and to avoid losing access to an economic resource. Knowledge of HIV is high among these women, but they do not attempt to negotiate condom use because they do not want to risk losing their relationship and resources that come with it. Because TS is seen as a way to advance among these women, any behavior change interventions must address the loss of power and status that comes with such relationships. Furthermore, interventions must also target the men in these relationships.
Transactional Sex and the Pursuit of Modernity
Leclerc-Madlala, S. Social Dynamics (2003), Vol. 29 No. 2, pp. 213–233.
This paper explores meanings of sexual exchange for material gain in an urban township of Durban, South Africa. Finding that sexual transactions are not always an outcome of wealthier men exploiting women's need for subsistence support, TS can also be a product of a burgeoning globalized consumer culture. This culture is producing "wants" that may be felt keenly by some women as "needs," with TS "perceived as 'normal,' leading many women to accept men's multiple partners and to put themselves as risk of contracting HIV/AIDS—despite having knowledge of the pandemic." The paper also highlights the role of women's power and agency, arguing that women see their sexuality as the only means at their disposal to obtain what they perceive essential "commodities of modernity." Recommendations include ensuring women's access to and control over economic assets.
The Materiality of Everyday Sex: Thinking Beyond "Prostitution"
Hunter, M. African Studies (2002), Vol. 61 No. 1, pp. 99-120.
This article is based on ethnographic research conducted in the South African township of Mandeni. The article compares different forms of TS in two different areas—one a very poor informal settlement and the other an established township—and finds that sex linked to subsistence is more prominent in the informal settlement while sex linked to consumption is more prominent in the township. It argues that this distinction—although not clear-cut—can be attributed to both the different structural positions of women and the contrasting economic stability and historical backgrounds of the two areas. Three factors, the author argues, lead to TS. First is the privileged economic position of men, which provides a material basis for TS. Second are social norms that encourage men to have many sexual partners. Third is the role of women's active agency in TS arrangements: "women approach transactional relations not as passive victims, but in order to access power and resources in ways that can both challenge and reproduce patriarchal structures."
The Negotiation of Sexual Relationships among School Pupils in South-western Uganda
Nyanzi, S., Pool, R., & Kinsman, J. AIDS Care (2001), Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. 83–98.
Questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and role plays among 110 secondary school students ages 14 to 20 years old informed the findings on youth sexual relationships in rural Uganda. Money played an important role in negotiation of sex: the more money a boy had, the greater his bargaining power. While gifts could be exchanged in a platonic relationship as well as a sexual one, money entering the negotiation explicitly equaled sex for these youth. Older partners were coveted by virtue of their ability to give their partners more money. Sex was often seen as girls' "solution to their problem" of a lack of spending money, with money earned through TS spent on necessities as well as luxuries. Interestingly, virtually all boys and girls agreed that even if a girl possessed unlimited monies, sex should never be given away for free. While some students experimented with condom use, most did not use them regularly. Furthermore, the girls said it was the boy's responsibility to procure condoms and discuss their use. The authors state this research indicates that HIV interventions focusing on delaying sex or reducing partners did not have an effect on this study group.
Adapting a Multi-Faceted U.S. HIV Prevention Education Program for Girls in Ghana
Fiscian, V. S., Obeng, E. K., Goldstein, K., et al. AIDS Education & Prevention (2009), Vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 67–79.
This paper reports on a short-term evaluation of an HIV educational program designed to address sociocultural risk factors among adolescent girls (aged 10–17 years) in sub-Saharan Africa. The program, adapted from a U.S.-based program called "Making Proud Choices," combined skills training to encourage participants to consider alternatives to TS for financial support and an interactive computer-based program about the risks of age-disparate sexual relationships. The post-test showed significant improvements in HIV-related knowledge and self-efficacy to address HIV and sex in relationships with boys and men. Nevertheless, many still reported that a sugar daddy could give a girl what she needed. The authors note, "It is not surprising that this attitude persisted because the financial and social drivers of these relationships have not been changed."
Researching and Designing Interventions in a Slum: Using Female Out-of-school Youth as Researchers in Nigeria
Ocholi, J., Ankomah, A., Akinyemi, Z., et al. (2008), AIDS-2008 XVII International AIDS Conference, Abstract No. MoPE08_3.
Out-of-school female youth is a difficult-to-reach target population in HIV prevention interventions. This program involved working with 36 out-of-school female youth as researchers, then using the research results in the design and implementation of an HIV project. It was found that young women shared more information with the peer researchers than they would outsiders. Community-wide events for parents were also implemented such as theater performances and house visits. Some young women reported that their parents encouraged them to engage in IG sex. The study also found that female-targeted activities would have more impact on this target group than joint male/female youth programs. Involving out-of-school female youth throughout the research and program design process and involving parents in activities to reduce TS are the good practices demonstrated by this project.
Introduction: Addressing the Vulnerability of Young Women and Girls to Stop the HIV Epidemic in Southern Africa
Stirling, M., Rees, H., Kasedde, S., et al. AIDS (2008), Vol. 22, pp. S1–S3.
Despite emerging evidence of declining HIV prevalence in countries such as Uganda, the levels of infection and vulnerability among young women aged 15 to 19 years in countries such as South Africa and Botswana remain unchanged, pointing to a continuing failure of HIV prevention efforts in this age group. It is crucial that proven interventions such as delayed sexual debut; reduced numbers of sexual partners, particularly concurrent partners; reduced age-disparate sex; increased condom use; increased male circumcision; and greater access and use of HIV counseling and testing services be implemented concurrently and scaled up to national coverage levels. Fully engaged and committed leadership at the local and national level is needed in order to implement these activities concurrently. These activities must be guided by strategies and processes defined by local communities to address their specific contexts and the existing gaps from the state to individual levels.
HIV Prevention for Young People through the Education Sector in Zambia
Woods, J., Silwimba, J., Mumba, E., et al. (2008), AIDS-2008 XVII International AIDS Conference, Abstract no. WEPE0_1.
HIV incidence among youth in Zambia does not seem to be decreasing, and female youth are more likely to be infected than boys. Higher-risk behaviors such as IG sex, TS, and multiple concurrent partnerships are normalized. The education sector is attempting to address these behaviors through an in-school intervention called CHANGES2, which targets primary school students and addresses barriers to safer sexual behaviors at both the individual and community levels. School-community partnerships are formed to identify and analyze local risk factors. Some risk factors that were identified included student-teacher sexual relationships, gender roles that support men in having multiple partners, and lack of economic opportunities for girls. Data showed that including these partnerships into the program has had a significant positive effect on attitudes toward more equality in gender relations and a decreased tolerance for gender-based violence.
Engaging Men and Boys in Changing Gender-based Inequity in Health: Evidence from Programme Interventions
Barker, G., Ricardo, C., & Nascimento, M. (2007).
Research with men and boys shows how inequitable gender norms influence how men interact with their partners, families, and children on a wide range of issues, including preventing HIV and sexually transmitted infection transmission, contraceptive use, and physical violence against women and between men. This review assessed the effectiveness of programs engaging men and boys in achieving gender equality and equity in health, highlighting successful program characteristics. It found that well-designed programs did lead to changes in attitudes and behavior. Programs considered "gender transformative" had a higher rate of change than did the other types of programs. Furthermore, integrated programs were more effective in producing behavior change. Behavior change occurred in all program areas and in all types of programs, but relatively few programs involving men took place over the long-term.
Addressing Cross-Generational Sex: A Desk Review of Research and Programs
Hope, R. (2007).
This extensive review of IG sex examines the range of programmatic approaches available to prevent or reduce IG sex. The review uses the "continuum of volition" framework used by Save the Children to explore the drivers of IG and TS. The framework assumes that not all young people are vulnerable and/or passive in entering cross-generational sexual relationships. Some empowered youth choose to engage in relationships for "security gains" (emotional or economic). Further along the continuum, "economically rational sex" ranges from sex for "desired material benefits" to sex for survival. At the other end of the continuum are coerced sex and sexual violence, where young women and boys are forced to participate. This end represents power asymmetries and lack of regard for women's and girls' health and well-being. The review looks at the approaches used by existing programs to address IG and TS such as 1) creating youth livelihood opportunities; 2) mobilizing and empowering youth to adopt healthy lifestyles; 3) social advocacy; 4) social marketing and "edutainment"; 5) health education and youth rights; 6) addressing power asymmetries, inequity, and poverty; and 7) addressing social and gender norms, including working with men. Despite a gap in concrete evidence on how to reduce TS and IG sexual relationships, the review includes 10 recommendations programs can incorporate into their activities and strategies to reduce TS and IG sexual relations.
Evaluation of Stepping Stones: A Gender Transformative HIV Prevention Intervention
Jewkes, R., Nduna, M., Levin, J., et al. (2007).
This brief describes Stepping Stones, an HIV prevention project that focuses on developing more gender-equitable relationships. Data from project efforts on the Eastern Cape of South Africa found decreases in HIV and herpes infections among men and women participating in the project, although decreases were not statistically significant. While TS behaviors generally remained unchanged, men participating in the project reported a statistically significant decrease in sex partners at one and two years of follow-up. Qualitative research indicates that profound changes in communication took place among partners, particularly among men and how they related to others. Changes in individual attitudes as a result of the project intervention can ultimately affect HIV rates through providing participants with knowledge about HIV risks, raising awareness of personal risks, and fostering a culture of openness about HIV in the intervention communities.
Cross-Generational Relationships: Using a "Continuum of Volition" in HIV Prevention Work among Young People
Weissman, A., Cocker, J., Sherburne, L., et al. Gender & Development (2006), Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 81–94.
The drivers of IG and TS relationships occur along a "continuum of volition." This continuum suggests that not all young people are vulnerable and/or passive when involved in sexual relationships with persons who are older or more powerful. Rather, there are empowered youth who choose to engage in sexual relationships with older people for emotional reasons; young people who engage in "economically rational sex" for material things such as clothes or passing grades; and youth involuntarily coerced into sex. This paper reviews the use of a program planning tool to locate individual adolescent girls along the continuum and develop appropriate strategies to resist unwelcomed propositions from men in Malawi. The authors suggest that more reflection is needed on why IG and TS are defined as problematic and what aspects are of concern given that IG relationships occur all over the world. When defining TS and IG relationships as problematic, it is important to understand the choices, or lack thereof, that young women have and to address concerns of inequality within the socioeconomic context in which they occur.
The Young Empowered and Healthy (YEAH) Initiative
Health Communication Partnership.
This website contains all of the communication materials used for the YEAH Initiative in Uganda. A program developed to prevent HIV and unplanned pregnancies while keeping young people in school, this national multichannel program is for youth, by youth. Materials include audio episodes from a radio serial drama, DVDs on life choices, pamphlets, posters, and games.
Men as Partners
EngenderHealth. (n.d.).
This webpage provides an entry into the work of the Men as Partners project, established in 1996. The program has worked in over 15 countries worldwide to engage men in playing constructive roles to promote gender equity and health. This has been achieved through holding workshops, improving male health care service delivery, public education, and building advocacy networks. Links to video and slideshows, technical resources, and country project websites can be accessed from this main page.
Livelihood Options for Girls: A Guide for Program Managers
Caro, D. (2009).
This second in a series of tools encapsulates essential information on identifying appropriate livelihood programs for adolescent girls at increased risk of HIV. Designed for program managers, short briefs present information on gender-based constraints, opportunities, livelihood options, and program information for different demographic groups. The economic support needs of a married, out-of-school, working rural girl, for example, are different from those of an unmarried, urban schoolgirl. Programming matrices in the appendix elaborate on each livelihood approach and include elements of success, cautions, participant profiles, program description, and evaluation results of existing programs.
Stepping Stones: A training package in HIV/AIDS, communication and relationship skills.
Welbourn, A. London. (1995). Strategies for Hope.
Stepping Stones is an HIV prevention program working to improve sexual health through building stronger, more gender-equitable relationships with better communication between partners. Started in Uganda, the program has been used in over 100 countries. It uses participatory learning techniques to develop communication skills between partners, self-awareness and knowledge about sexual health, and the consequences of risk-taking. Stepping Stones developed a manual to train and educate men and women for up to 18 weeks, during which time participants critically assess the societal norms and values influencing their attitudes and behaviors and identify changes they should make in order to protect themselves and others from HIV. This training helps bring about more general life changes and improvements, such as improved communication with their partners and children, more understanding and caring for others, and increased self-respect.
Technical Meeting on Young Women in HIV Hyper-endemic Countries of Southern Africa: Intergenerational/Age-disparate Sex: Policy and Programme Action Brief
Leclerc-Madlala, S. (2008).
This short action brief summarizes the issue of age-disparate sexual relationships in Southern Africa and the effect such relationships have on hastening HIV transmission. A meeting of technical experts reviewed the information on this phenomenon and developed seven action and policy recommendations to reduce the risk of HIV among this high-risk group. Recommendations include rapidly increasing programs that work directly with men to challenge the norms that sanction age-disparate sex; involving faith-based/traditional leaders and media more fully; and ensuring that laws against underage sexual exploitation are in place and enforced.
View Report (PDF, 120 KB)
Addressing the Vulnerability of Young Women & Girls to Stop the HIV Epidemic in Southern Africa
U.N. Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS. (2008).
The brief situation analysis in this report identifies multiple reasons for the lack of success in reducing high levels of HIV infection in southern Africa. An expert meeting in 2008 attempted to understand the challenges in preventing HIV in this context as well as identify ways to respond to them. Participants represented high-level policy experts as well as research and programming experts on women, girls, and HIV from all southern African countries. The report contains four key actions to respond effectively to the high levels of HIV infection among young women and girls in this area. Issues briefs in the report include information on priority interventions to reduce women's biomedical vulnerability to HIV and gender-based violence.
View Report (PDF, 1.13 MB)
Cross-generational Sex: Risks and Opportunities
Feldman-Jacobs, C., & Worley, H. (2008).
This brief summarizes the key information of a desk review on cross-generational sex, including prevalence of the phenomenon according to survey data, the consequences to sexual and reproductive health, and conceptual frameworks for understanding the issue. The brief further presents existing programs and approaches, promising practices, lessons for the future, and identifies key research gaps, particularly in evaluating the effect of programs on sexual behavior.
View Report (PDF, 404 KB)
Protecting and Empowering Adolescent Girls: Evidence for the Global Health Initiative
U.S. Agency for International Development. (2010).
This webpage contains the agenda of a cooperating agency meeting focused on protecting adolescent girls from risks of HIV and other reproductive health risks. The evidence from this meeting will be used to inform development of women- and girl-centered approaches in the U.S. Government's Global Health Initiative. Links to resources include a list of key documents recommended by participants, presentations, and a summary of the meeting.
View Website
Related AIDSTAR-One Case Studies


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In April 2013, Global Initiatives, in partnership with the Career Center, hosted an information session for students and recent graduates about working abroad.
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Check out our guide on marketing international experiences on a resume, in a cover letter, and during an interview.
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(I also posted this in the Ask the Experienced and was directed to poste this here as well!)
Hi...I am officially de-lurking as of today. I have been reading these boards for quite sometime and have decided to take a leap in! Briefly about me...I was pregnant in 2002 and started developing high bp around 26 weeks. Protein showed up shortly after and our daughter was delivered by c-section at 28 weeks 5 days (2 lbs 2 oz). Thankfully, she only spent 7 weeks in NICU and we are so blessed to have a completely healthy and happy little girl. However, that little girl is turning 4 in October and I am having that 'baby urge.' I have underlying hypertension and I have met with my primary care doc, my OB/GYN and have had "The Meeting" with a Peri. We found out I have PAI-1 so I have started taking Metformin for that. The Peri I saw seems to know what he is doing, but, I feel pretty limited here. Our daughter was born in Columbus, but now we live in the Akron area and I am not really familiar with the hospitals here and the quality of their NICUs, etc. I was wondering if anyone on here was from the Akron area and had any insights. I am probably going to post more of my TTC issues in that forum, but wanted to say hello here. Thanks for any help you can give! You can email me direct any names of docs/hospitals if you know of them, since I guess we can't do that on the boards. Heather


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Holiday tournament recap
Cavaliers rebound with win over St. James
MYRTLE BEACH, S.C. — After a tough loss to Rufus King in the first round of the Beach Ball Classic on Wednesday, the East Rutherford Cavaliers bounced back with a 49-44 win over St. James on Thursday afternoon.
"Both teams got after each other pretty hard," Cavaliers head coach Brad Levine said after the win.
The Cavaliers shot just 16.7 percent (4-24) from behind the arc but led nearly the entire way.
"We did everything right except make the shots," said Levine. "I kept telling them that it would eventually go but it never did."
T.J. Watkins led the Cavs with 13 points and Travis Waldroup-Rodriguez added 12 points and seven rebounds.
East Rutherford will enjoy a day off today before battling with Spring Valley (S.C.) on Saturday at 3:30 p.m.
Box score:
WATKINS, T.J. 5-12 1-2 13; WALDROUP-RODRIGUEZ,T 4-9 3-4 12; BOYKINS, Devonte
2-6 5-7 9; HOPPER, Jarvis 3-5 2-4 8; ROSS, Roddric 1-7 0-1 3; WILKINS,
Donald 1-6 0-0 2; BECKETT, Benjamin 0-1 2-2 2; NORMAN, C.J. 0-0 0-0 0.
Totals 16-46 13-20 49.
STAFFORD, Nehemiah 7-13 5-6 19; BRANDON, Haywood 2-6 4-5 8; McCALLUM,
TreDarius 3-9 0-0 6; STRANGE, Matt 1-4 1-1 3; HURSTON, Jackson 1-3 0-0 3;
DUKES, Tyrell 1-2 1-2 3; SANSBURY, Russ 1-2 0-0 2; HOLMES, Dakota 0-1 0-0 0;
GOODMAN, Tyus 0-0 0-0 0; HURSTON, Brooks 0-2 0-0 0. Totals 16-42 11-14 44.
Hilltoppers down TC Roberson to advance
CONNELLY SPRINGS — R-S Central head coach Greg Wright didn't sound too pleased after the Hiltopper game against TC Roberson in the first round of the Burke County Christmas Invitational, but the Hilltoppers pulled out a 65-58 win to advance.
The Hilltoppers shot 23-34 from the free throw line in the game and 11-16 during the fourth quarter to ice the win.
Rashaun Whitesides led the Hilltoppers with 19 points and 11 rebounds while Jaylen Hollis recorded a double-double with 14 points and 13 boards.
Desmond Whitesides filled the stat sheet with 14 points, seven rebounds and eight steal. Jordan Hamilton contributed 13 points and six rebounds.
"We played ugly at times but a win is a win," Wright said after the game.
Central will play the winner of East Burke/Forestview at Freedom High tonight at 8:30 p.m.
Lady Hilltopper advance past NW Cabarrus
CHEROKEE — After being tied 8-8 after the first quarter, the R-S Central Lady Hilltoppers used a 36-point second half to down Northwest Cabarrus 61-48 in first-round action of the Holidays on the Hardwood tournament at Cherokee High School.
Te'ja Twitty led the Hilltoppers with 20 points and 15 rebounds while Alyssia Watkins scored 15 to go along with six rebounds, six steals, and four assists.
"We just kept getting the entry pass into Te'ja and they neever adjusted," head coach Darius Fuller said after the game. "I like how we played today. We just need to keep doing what we can tomorrow."
Tia Bristol also scored in double figures with 13 points and seven boards,
Central is set to play South Forsyth in the semifinals today at 4 p.m.
Lady Trojans toppled by South Point
CHERRYVILLE — The Lady Trojans from Chase could never quite get it going Thursday morning against South Point in the opening round of the Bud Black/Dennis Tate Holiday Classic at Cherryville High School in a 74-29 loss.
"we just didn't play well," head coach Todd Davis said after the game. "I hoped we could come out of halftime with a stop and a score, but instead South Point opened on a 7-0 run and it went from there.
Kendra Holcombe led the Trojans with 12 points while Kaitlyn Smart and Takirah McKinney each had six.
Chase faces the loser of Hickory Grove/Castlewood this morning at 10 a.m.


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DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES The recent slow flow of the Guadalupe provides easy wading for anglers. Water releases from the dam help fishing by stirring up insects and lowering the river temperature.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES The river flow for us was lazy but the water level allowed us to float through without much effort in Chris Jackson's river raft.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Rainbow trout are famous for their surface antics once hooked. This one cleared the river several times.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Lefty Ray Chapa picks through his fly box before a recent float for winter trout down the Guadalupe River.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Most winter trout anglers use fly rods ranging from a three weight to a five weight to make for a more sporting experience.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES This was the average size of rainbows we caught last week. But we caught several larger ones and hooked some in the 20-inch class.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Chris Jackson prepare to net another Guadalupe rainbow during our float this past week.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Now is the best time to catch rainbow trout in the Guadalupe River below Canyon Lake Dam, where Texas Parks & Wildlife and Guadalupe River Trout Unlimited have released thousands of fish. The size of fish vary but the fun is always big.
This was one of only two other anglers we saw during a four-hour float on the Guadalupe. Access points such as this are available thanks to Guadalupe River Trout Unlimited, which leases access for its members.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Rainbow trout are not only good light-tackle fighters, they are colorful and fairly hardy in the right conditions.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Action Angler & Outdoor Center below Canyon Lake Dam on River Road is a full-service fly shop and guide service that rents wade boots and waders. Online: www.actionangler.net.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Angler without lots of time to explore the river have several guides to chose from. Chris Jackson with Action Anglers is one of the more experienced full-time river guides.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Chris Jackson prepares to release a Guadalupe rainbow. Certain sections of the river are lure-only stretches.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Chris Jackson decided on a combination of flies made up of a San Juan worm, a Prince nymph and a Trico RS2. It works.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Guide Chris Jackson plays a Guadalupe River rainbow with a five-weight fly rod.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Chris Jackson prepares to release a rainbow early on during a recent float down the Guadalupe River.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES The Guadalupe's chilly flow forced this turtle to seek the warmth of sunshine during our float.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Guide Chris Jackson and Lefty Ray Chapa prepare to launch from Whitewater Sports just below the tailrace waters below Canyon Dam.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES Bigger trout such as this one are released by the Guadalupe River Trout Unlimited chapter. Texas Parks & Wildlife stocks about 20,000 smaller fish.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES This rare winter scene occurred this past week outside my cabin window at Rio Raft & Resort a riverside outfitter on the Guadalupe. Online: www.rioraft.com.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES We caught trout up to 18 inches long during a three-mile float below Whitewater Sports, mostly on San Juan worm flies and tiny nymphs. Here, guide Chris Jackson displays one of our biggest.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES A good net with rubberized webbing is a must for trout fishing. Release fish should be handled as little as possible.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES I'm not certain whether this squirrel at Rio Raft & Resort carried this ear of corn up this tree or someone placed it there. But the little guy protected the meal as if it were a hard fought prize.
DAVID SIKES/CALLER-TIMES The wildlife activity was brisk outside my winder at Rio Raft & Resort on the banks of the Guadalupe River.


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Benjamin Moore Paint the Picture: Week 9
Looking back at Sunday's match vs. Portland and ahead to Chivas USA on Saturday
April 23, 2013
Tune in at 12 p.m. PT for this week's Benjamin Moore Paint the Picture Hangout as our group looks back at the club's 1-1 draw vs. Portland and ahead to Saturday's match vs. Chivas USA. Have a question? Tweet @SJEarthquakes and they'll answer it on air!


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Craig Colorusso - Sun Box installation makes music in the desert
From the web site: "Sun Boxes are an environment to enter and exit. It's comprised of twenty speakers operating independently each powered by solar panels. There is a different guitar sample in each box all playing together making the composition. The guitar samples are all of different lengths so the whole piece keeps evolving." You can visit and listen to the Sun Boxes on SAT. MAY 8, 2010 raindate: May 15, 2010 12:00 PM until sundown. Details


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Andrea Wasdovich-Duffner, vice president of Perioperative, Critical Care Services, Emergency Medicine and Pharmacy at Lake Health, is the top recipient of the 2015 H.E.R.O. (Heal, Educate, Reach, Overcome) Nurse Service Award sponsored by medical glove maker Ansell Corporation. The annual award recognizes ten nurses around the country who have made lasting impressions on their peers, their patients, their profession and their communities.
More than 48,500 votes were cast online for this year's award. Out of all nominees, Wasdovich-Duffner received the most votes. She will receive an engraved plaque, a nursing reference book and a $2,000 donation in her name to Cystic Fibrosis Research, the charity of her choice.
Wasdovich-Duffner,BA, BSN, MSHA, has more than 23 years of nursing experience, with expertise in guiding and directing clinical and medical departments for pre-operative, operating room, same day surgery, and associated services of anesthesia, pre-admissions testing and endoscopy services. She is also responsible for critical care, step down, dialysis, emergency medicine and pharmacy.
Wasdovich-Duffner earned her bachelor of arts degree from John Carrol University, her bachelor of science degree in Nursing at Graceland University in Iowa and her master of science degree in Health Administration at the Kennedy-Western University in California.
"Andrea is an inspiring nurse leader who goes above and beyond to provide high quality, safe and compassionate patient-and family-centered care," said Susan Sullivan, RN, nurse manager for OR, PACU and Pre-Admission Testing at TriPoint Medical Center, who nominated Wasdovich-Duffner for the award. "She's highly visible to our front-line caregivers and always models behaviors that are necessary to improve patient outcomes. She also mentors new and existing leaders, sharing her knowledge and expertise with them. Plus, she always encourages us to continuously examine our processes to identify new and innovative solutions that enhance patient care."
I. James Hackenberg Awarded Ohio Hospital Association's Dr. Eli Crew Community Service Excellence Award
I. James Hackenberg, Esq., a member of the Lake Health Board of Trustees, received the 2015 Dr. Eli Crew Community Service Excellence Award at the Ohio Hospital Association's (OHA) annual recognition dinner held June 9 in Columbus. The award, which is one of OHA's longest-standing leadership honors, recognizes an individual who has served as a friend to hospitals and health systems and whose support of the health care industry reflects the public interest.
A lifelong resident of Cleveland and Lake County, Hackenberg has served on the Lake Health Board of Trustees for more than 26 years; longer than any other trustee past or present. Under his leadership and financial stewardship, he has been instrumental in shaping and ensuring the future of Lake Health— one of Northeast Ohio's few remaining independent health systems.
"As a lawyer, former law director of three local communities and a former acting municipal judge, Jim brings a unique perspective to the Board. He constantly challenges administration, physician leadership and his fellow board members to continuously seek out new and better ways improve patient care. He questions the status quo and often takes a contrary position to ensure all options are explored. Above all, he champions patient satisfaction, never forgetting we exist to serve the community," said Thomas Jubeck, chairman of the Lake Health Board of Trustees.
Among his many contributions, Hackenberg championed the initiative to replace the aging and land-locked LakeEast Hospital in Painesville with a new, state-of-the-art hospital known today as TriPoint Medical Center. His expertise in real estate and municipal law not only helped the health system search for and ultimately purchase the property in Concord Township but also thoroughly address issues raised by local leaders, businesses and community members. TriPoint Medical Center, which incorporates evidence-based design principles proven to improve healing and patient safety, opened in October 2009 and continues to redefine the health care experience for patients and their families.
Hackenberg has also played an integral role in helping Lake Health successfully compete with larger health systems and navigate the financial challenges of health care reform and reimbursement. In 2007, he led the establishment of Lake Health's clinical integration program—the Lake Health Integrated Physicians' Hospital Enterprise—which operates on behalf of Lake Health's physicians and the hospital. The program combines the latest in evidence-based best practices with innovative data collection technology in a way that aligns physicians' economic incentives and drives improvement in clinical quality.
To further bolster the health system's financial success and support its medical staff, Hackenberg supported the implementation of a captive medical professional liability insurance company for the hospital and its physicians. He volunteered to work with Lake Health administration to help establish the Lake Assurance Corporation—Lake Health's wholly-owned subsidiary for professional liability insurance.
"Jim's integrity, strategic thinking, and commitment to the community we serve are keeping Lake Health a successful and independent community hospital, making it what it is today and helping to ensure its strong future," said Cynthia Moore-Hardy, FACHE, president and CEO of Lake Health.
In recognition of his many contributions to improve the health and wellness of residents in Lake and surrounding counties, Hackenberg also recently received a Crain's Cleveland Business 2015 Health Care Heroes Award in the Outstanding Trustee category. In its eighth year, Crain's Cleveland Business' Health Care Heroes program recognizes honorees for their dedication to improving community health throughout Northeast Ohio.
"It's an honor and privilege to serve my community and help ensure that all Lake County residents, including my family, have access to high quality health care close to home," Hackenberg said.
For more information about the Ohio Hospital Association's Dr. Eli Crew Community Service Excellence Award, visit http://ohiohospitals.org/Member-Services/awards.aspx


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****If you are interested in having an Online Fundraiser or Catalog Fundraiser we can get started immediately.
****Please send me an email, let me know when you would like to start and I will provide you with an email template, timeline of the fundraiser and a flyer that can be emailed or printed.
*****Ask me about the special Fundraising your way to Saving Grace. It will help fund your expenses and the PF will still receive their donation.
My Husband and I have recently become Tupperware Consultants. They have a great fundraising program and I would love to help the Preeclampsia Foundation to raise much needed funds and awareness.
The way this would work is I would set up a party for you whether it is a group of friends and family, walk-a-thon, city, state or region. You could use this at any time of the year or even multiple times per year i.e. prior to your walk-a-thon or immediately after. LIKE TODAY!!! Orders can be placed online during a two week period. 40% of the gross sales will be donated to the Preeclampsia Foundation.
I will supply email content, a flyer and a link to the party. You don't need to collect money or handout catalogs because orders can be placed online and delivered to the home of your friends and family. Your job would be to get the word out.
Send me an email and let me know if you are interested. I hope to be working with many of you very soon.


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CarolejaneIn Topics: School and Academics
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Saturday, September 28, 2013
Jonathan Miller, a local children's author and illustrator, has been named the featured artist of the 36th annual Turkey Day Run & Gobble Wobble. Both the Turkey Day Run T-Shirts and posters will be adorned with Miller's design. "Jonathan was chosen as the artist this year because we really loved how involved with the local community he is," said race director Lewis Moore, "when we saw the turkey walking down the beach, we knew we had chosen the right artist."
Miller is the creator, author and illustrator of "The Adventures of Sammy the Wonder Dachshund," which is a series of children's books based on an adorable dog who is a fact checker for an internet company. Miller derives his inspiration from the students that he reads to as he usually visits around 130 different schools over the course of the school year. The stories on his blog about his school visits will have you laughing out loud.
Miller's unique construction paper method of illustration was his basis for the Turkey Day Run Artwork design. Miller's artwork is known to take an average of 30 hours per page to build. The original turkey appeared in his first book, "Sammy's Last Week in Charleston," but after a little exercise and some running shoes, this turkey was ready for his wobbly debut. "The Turkey for the Turkey Day Run artwork is in much better shape than the one that appeared in the book," replied Miller. Whether your children are interested in Charleston, safari animals or space adventure, Miller does not disappoint, he loves what he does and it definitely shows. Miller will be an active participant in the festivities related to the Turkey Day Run this year, and is very excited to be involved.
The Turkey Day Run & Gobble Wobble is sponsored by the Knights of Columbus, Council No. 704 with the mission of raising funds for local charitable organizations. The council donated more than $85,000 last year to a dozen different charities.
To register for the 36th Annual Turkey Day Run & Gobble Wobble, or to purchase a T-Shirt with Jonathan Miller's design, visit www.turkeydayrun.com.
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Is Bruce Jenner Really Now a Woman?Written by Steve Byas
Bruce Jenner claims to be a woman now; but Johns Hopkins psychiatrist-in-chief Dr. Paul McHugh says transgenderism is a "mental disorder" and sex change is "biologically impossible."
Perhaps one reason for the alienation in cities such as Baltimore is decades of big government programs that have been driving the destruction of the American family.
Christians Vow to Resist Onslaught of Same-sex Marriage Regardless of CostWritten by Michael Tennant
A large contingent of Christian leaders is declaring that they will not acquiesce to government attempts to redefine marriage, regardless of the cost.
An estimated 10,000 people marched in the third annual March for Marriage in Washington, D.C., on April 25. The event was organized by the National Organization for Marriage (NOM), which defines it mission as "work[ing] to defend marriage and the faith communities that sustain it at the local, state, and national levels."
Media Group That Showed 13-year-old Boys Kissing Now Considering Sitcom Involving Anti-Christian BigotWritten by Selwyn Duke
The man has been called "one of the cruelest, most vile political activists in America." And now Disney/ABC may give him his own television show.


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The Ten Essential Precepts are inseparable from both Buddha Nature and our relations with each other. They are the strands of Indra's Net.
1. A disciple of Buddha does not kill but rather cultivates and encourages life.
Thus, physical violence and abusive behavior (which includes physical threats, extreme displays of anger and maliciousness) are a kind of "killing." In cultivating life we encourage open inquiry into and discussion of the Dharma and into the sources of religious and institutional authority at Zen Center.
In keeping with the aspiration of harmlessness, all firearms and other weapons designed principally for taking life have no place within Zen Center practice places.
We also acknowledge our role, either directly or in complicity with others, in the killing of other forms of life. As a sangha, when institutional questions of killing animals, plants and insects arise, we must carefully consider our real needs and our bodhisattva-inspired responsibilities to work for the benefit of all beings.
2. A disciple of Buddha does not take what is not given but rather cultivates and encourages generosity.
In addition, we recognize that the misuse of authority and status is a form of taking what is not given. Within the complex life of the sangha various hierarchical levels of authority and seniority play a role in some situations and not in others. It is particularly important that individuals in positions of trust do not misuse their status or authority as a way to achieve special privileges and consideration or otherwise control or inappropriately influence others.
3. A disciple of Buddha does not misuse sexuality but rather cultivates and encourages open and honest relationships.
Special care must be taken when people of unequal status or authority enter into a sexual relationship. In particular, there are two forms of relationships which can lead to great harm and confusion. Therefore both are considered a misuse of sexuality within our community.
First, it is considered a misuse of sexuality for an adult within Zen Center to engage in sexual behavior with anyone at Zen Center who is a minor. Full responsibility for avoiding such relationships lies with the adult.
Second, it is considered a misuse of authority, responsibility and sexuality for a Zen Center teacher to engage in sexual behavior with his or her student. If a teacher and/or student feel at risk of violating this guideline, they should suspend their teacher-student relationship at least until they have sought counsel with a senior Zen Center teacher. Furthermore, it is considered a misuse of sexuality for a teacher at Zen Center to form a sexual relationship with a former student within six months of the termination of the student-teacher relationship.
Before forming a sexual relationship, all Zen Center priests, head students, or other persons in a formal role that entail clear advantages of influence in relationship to others should discuss the appropriateness of the potential relationship with a teacher or practice leader.
Particular care must be shown toward new students. We have learned that it takes about six months for a new student to establish the foundation of his or her practice and to understand the complex nature of inter-relationships within the sangha. In order to protect a new student's opportunity to practice, we expect anyone who has been at Zen Center longer than six months to consult with a practice leader about a potential relationship with a new student during the first six months of the new student's residency at Zen Center.
Everyone coming to Zen Center in any capacity has the right to be free from sexual harassment. Continued expression of sexual interest after being informed that such interest is unwelcome is a misuse of sexuality.
4. A disciple of Buddha does not lie but rather cultivates and encourages truthful communication.
Open and direct communication is essential in our work and practice together. We are each entitled to straightforward, complete information when we request feedback regarding our behavior, standing, or performance within the community. We can expect, upon request, for this to be given by appropriate persons in the spirit of honesty and compassion.
Students at Zen Center should feel that they can carefully explore the Dharma and study the self in an atmosphere of trust. Zen Center teachers and practice leaders shall not disclose information they receive in dokusan or practice discussion when confidentiality is requested and agreed to, unless serious harm may result to individuals or to the sangha if the information is not disclosed.
Even when there is no specific request for confidentiality, such information is not to be shared casually under any circumstances by either of the people involved in the conversation. In the collaborative teaching process at Zen Center, however, consultation among teachers regarding matters that are not strictly confidential may be appropriate, particularly where residential students are involved. All those who engage in such consultations should make every effort to ensure it is done in a sensitive, fair and respectful manner.
5. A disciple of Buddha does not intoxicate self or others but rather cultivates and encourages clarity.
Therefore, alcohol or drug intoxication within Zen Center is inappropriate and is cause for concern and possible intervention. When any resident of Zen Center is involved in abusive or addictive use of intoxicants, it is important to remember that release from all attachments lies at the heart of Buddhist practice and he or she is expected to seek help with the counsel of a Zen Center practice leader. Because denial is frequently a symptom of addiction, the sangha is encouraged to help addicted persons recognize the need for help.
6. A disciple of Buddha does not slander others but rather cultivates and encourages respectful speech.
The consequence of slander is often pain for others and divisiveness in the community. Where the intention to slander does arise, the effort to understand its roots is an expression of this precept.
7. A disciple of Buddha does not praise self at the expense of others but rather cultivates and encourages self and others to abide in their awakened nature.
8. A disciple of Buddha is not possessive of anything but rather cultivates and encourages mutual support.
In the spirit of non-possessiveness, decision-making bodies at Zen Center should make decisions together in a cooperative and accountable manner, and with a wholehearted effort to consider all points of view. It is particularly important that Zen Center's finances, decision-making structure, and minutes of major decision-making bodies be made available in an accessible and understandable form.
9. A disciple of Buddha does not harbor ill-will but rather cultivates and encourages lovingkindness and understanding.
10. A disciple of Buddha does not abuse the Three Treasures but rather cultivates and encourages awakening, the path and teaching of awakening and the community that takes refuge in awakening.


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Now your little one can eat like a big kid with this colorful feeding set that is ergonomically designed for little hands!
- BPA-Free
- Microwave and dishwasher safe
- Includes dish, cup, small bowl, large bowl, spoon and fork
- Curved handles make it easy to hold
- Dish with non-slip base and rounded grip
- Rounded shape for easy training
- Easy to hold spoon and fork with rounded shape for easy scooping.
- Recommended for ages 12 months and up


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Interesting Things
- Running initialization blocks per environment
- Set an array in
environment.rbto capture your procs that will do your post-initialization:
- Now, in your environment-specific initialization files, you can do stuff like:
- Then, back in
environment.rb, after your environment has been initialized, loop over your array:
- Set an array in
<code> POST_LOAD_BLOCKS << Proc.new { a.runFoo b.runBar } </code>
Paydirt! These procs you're appending to the
POST_LOAD_BLOCKS array will get executed after your environment is completely initialized.
- Use
silence_warningsto (you guessed it!) 'silence' warnings in Ruby – only pros should use it, and only when its clear exactly what you are doing!
Ask for Help
- None need today