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UFC president Dana White said that the promotion would assist Santos in making the required cut to 135.
"She can get to this weight," said White. "We have an expert who can help you lose weight in a healthy way. We have Mike Dolce, who has wrestlers lose weight and still feel good and it's all about your diet. He is 100 percent ready to work with her and will not cost anything to Cris."
"Cyborg needs to get on the boat. If she wants to fight in the UFC, she'll have to fight this category of 135 pounds. The stupidest thing about it is that she has Tito Ortiz as his manager."
Now Tito says Cyborg can indeed make the cut to 135, but he wants her to have some warm up fights first.
"It's going to be tough (to cut to 135 pounds)," said Tito On Tuesday's edition of "UFC Tonight" on FUEL TV. "When she cuts to 145 pounds she's shredded. To cut another 10 pounds? I don't know. I've been cutting weight for almost 20 years, it's tough to do. To get another extra 10 pounds off at the same time? If Mike Dolce can do it in a healthy way, a healthy manner, and a doctor can prove it can happen the right way, let the fight happen. I want to see the fight, I know the fans want to see the fight, so let's make it happen."
"When I first signed her, the first thing she said to me was that, 'I cannot make 135 [pounds]. I walk around at 172 to 173 pounds. And for a woman to cut that much weight, and for "Cyborg" to be the champion as long as she has in her weight class, to cut down to that weight seems like a disadvantage to her. Maybe let's get her a couple of warm up fights at 135. In the very beginning, (the UFC) said cut down to 135 and you have two months to do it. I don't want to hurt my fighter and her future as champion. She is a champion, she still is a champion."
"Last year she got mixed up with a substance that one of her trainers turned her onto, but she has said it was her choice and her bad decision and she was willing to make that right claim. So, I'm going to put my name, my stamp on her to ensure that she'll never touch any of those things again and be the champion that she once was before."
"Ronda Rousey is a great champion, she has a great name. Her attitude has completely changed. I watched her at the awards and when the spotlight is on you shine a little harder than you think you do. It's fine. She's a woman who deserves all the championship attention she can find at this point because when she fights "Cyborg" she will no longer be champion."


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Actually, the headline lies. We are really having a hard time imagining what really went down at the party celebrating the reopening of Jay-Z's 40/40 Club in New York City last night. It was Hov's first public appearance since the birth of Blue Ivy Carter, and Beyonce understandably chose to stay home. The sheer variety of attendees would blow our mind if we weren't already used to Jay's wide scope of influence: Warren Buffet, Selita Ebanks, Spike Lee, Mob Wives star Renee Graziano and Yankees pitcher CC Sabathia were there along with his more musical pals like Ashanti, Wale, Questlove and Irv Gotti. Head over to VH1 Blog for a gallery of the illustrious guests, and watch what Ashanti and Gotti had to say about the new parents in an interview with MTV News below.
Get More: Jay-Z, Music News
[Photos: Splash News Online, Getty Images]


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With the tech industry booming in places like China, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia, Southeast Asia has been enjoying a resounding level of success in 2013.
But how far are Asia's top developers and manufacturers expected to go in the near future, and what are the most notable forecasts for 2014 and the upcoming years?
The Influence of China's Growing Tech Market
A number of the largest ecommerce giants, smartphone manufacturers, search companies and internet services based in China have already began to expand their influence mainly to Southeast Asian countries such as Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
Also, a recent report from a news article about Southeast Asia market trends has revealed that some Chinese developers have even been outspending their US counterparts when it comes to advertising their services both in Asia and on a global scale.
2013 has already been witness to a remarkable surge in global interest created by a little known Chinese photo editor app that went viral last year, and experts say that continuing international success is in the forecast for China's top developers in 2014 as well.
Social eCommerce
Social commerce has been enjoying a remarkable growth in Asian countries in the past two years, with an incredible number of consumers already using major social media services and apps to connect to mainstream sales channels.
After a number of new platforms have provided improved alternatives for payment options and mobile ecommerce in 2013, this year, we can likely expect to see the number of brands seeking sales opportunities through mobile apps and new concepts such as F-commerce which haven't really caught on in the West as it was expected.
Asian Crowdfunding Projects
According to an informative news article about Southeast Asia tech trends, the growing interest in crowdfunding projects has raised more than $1.5 million, and the full potential of the region has not yet been reached.
Despite the fact that there have been few opportunities for small Asian companies to achieve success with crowdfunding on a global scale, local solutions continue to provide better availability and profits than were expected in past years, and a few large global platforms have also extended to Asia, promising more solutions in 2014 and the following years.
As you can see, there are many promising tech trends that are expected to emerge this year, and even if progress is slow in some areas, statistics show that new promotion platforms and improved scalability solutions are expected to improve the way companies in countries like China, Indonesia and Thailand will be communicating with their customers, leading to brand new opportunities in the upcoming years.


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Successful Video Marketing for your business: With the popularity of such sites as YouTube and Vimeo and other that are more regional sites such as Nico Nico Duca in Japan and Youku in China, it is evident that videos do play an important role in promoting a product or a service. Indeed online videos are proving to be the fastest way for business organizations to spread a word about their offerings in a creative manner. The videos help to bring a more personal interaction between the customers and the business. The mix of visual effects and sounds helps to capture audience attention effectively.
The delivery of useful information to the target audience becomes fast and simple with online videos. It is well understood that 'a picture is worth a thousand words' but when the right animation and sounds are also added to these pictures, it may be worth a million for the business. A good online video can enhance brand reputation and give a special identity to the business. It may be to describe and demonstrate the functions of a product, to introduce a company, for online seminars, conferences or advertisements, an online video can attract a lot of traffic for your website. Even search engines like Google give more importance to websites with videos related to a search and give high rankings to such sites.
At present YouTube, the video search engine offered by Google is the leading online video destination and thousands of videos are uploaded on the website daily. Created in early 2005, YouTube not only allows users to upload videos but also share them on social networking websites like Facebook and Orkut. Users can also comment on the videos and show their appreciation by hitting the 'Like' tab. Recent stats reveal that this video search engine serves up a million views about every 90 seconds. Certainly, any business considering the video marketing strategy would like to put up an optimized video clipping on YouTube. However, for a more successful online marketing campaign, other avenues also need to be explored to reach customers via online videos. Read more »


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Magic Wok grows from its Toledo rootsWritten by Sarah Ottney | Editor in Chief | firstname.lastname@example.com
Area residents enjoy nearly a million Magic Wok egg rolls each year, but many don't realize the family-owned chain is local.
"A lot of people from out of town — and even people here in Toledo — don't realize Magic Wok was actually founded in Toledo," said Marketing Director Annie Pipatjarasgit, whose father-in-law, Sutas Pipatjarasgit, started the business in 1983. "We started putting 'Founded in Toledo' on our ads because people thought Magic Wok was a national brand.
"The main thing is, I want people to know we are part of Toledo. We are local, we support local organizations and we hire local people. We take pride in what we do. If you are from Toledo, you know how many restaurants come and go, open and close. We've been here a long time and we've built our reputation. We are proud to be here."
The first Magic Wok opened in the food court of what is now Westfield Franklin Park. The newest restaurant, at 5145 Monroe St. in Toledo, opened in 2009. The family has a goal of having 30 stores by 2015.
"I think in Toledo we've filled the market pretty good, but we still see room for a couple more," Annie said.
There are eight Magic Wok locations in Toledo and Maumee as well as three in Michigan. The chain has even gone international, with three locations franchised in Bahrain. The family later added the Tropical Grill & Juice brand, which has two locations, one at Westfield Franklin Park and the other at a mall in Michigan.
When he immigrated to the United States from Thailand in 1968, 25-year-old Sutas, who is ethnically Chinese, had $300 to his name.
He quickly landed a job at a Chinese restaurant in New York City, where he learned to cook. He also drove a taxi, tended bar and worked in a factory.
"I was never scared. Coming to a new country, you always get excited," Sutas said. "Money was no problem at that time. When you lived in New York City, you always can walk. I walked all the time, even though it was so cold in January. I had a lot of energy in that time. That was fun at that time."
When it came time to raise a family, Sutas moved to southeast Michigan, where several attempts to start restaurants failed. One wiped out his savings and he had to start over, starting as a bus boy at a Chinese restaurant and working his way to manager.
Still nursing the dream of owning his own restaurant, Sutas and a partner opened Gourmet of China, a sit-down Chinese eatery in Toledo. The venture was successful, but Sutas had a vision of a Chinese eatery that offered fast, hot, fresh, healthy customizable entrees prepared in an open kitchen style. When an opportunity came to sell his half of Gourmet of China, he did so and opened his first Magic Wok.
His second Magic Wok location, on West Laskey Road, featured a drive-thru window.
"It was really, really new at the time for an Asian restaurant to offer food through a drive-thru window," Annie said. "Some researchers told him, 'There's no way you can do it with a drive-thru,' but he went ahead with it and I think we know now that it worked."
The company continues to innovate. About 10 area schools regularly order meals for student lunches, some as often as once a week, through its Magic Wok School Lunch Program.
"We pack it and deliver it and the school handles it from there," Annie said. "It's just an alternative to regular lunches like pizza, burgers, sandwiches. Now there is an Asian option."
Although dishes like chicken fried rice, sweet and sour chicken and Szechuan spicy chicken are popular, the eatery is perhaps best known for its egg rolls, Annie said.
"We're really proud of our egg rolls because our customers like them," Annie said. "We have a lot of people who are crazy about our egg rolls."
What sets Magic Wok's egg rolls apart is quality, Annie said. The rolls are made with lean meat balanced with a mix of vegetables for optimal flavor and always served hot and crispy, she said.
The eatery prides itself on offering healthy cuisine, Annie said.
"Our food generally consists of a lot of vegetables," Annie said. "We cut our vegetables fresh every day, prepare our sauce fresh every day. Our meat is lean-cut and prepared daily, too. The original concept of Magic Wok is cook to order. You can order your meal with less oil, with more vegetables, less meat. You can customize your meal just the way you like it."
Noodle dishes, like Lo Mein dishes and Pad Thai, have been gaining in popularity lately, Annie said.
"We introduced Pad Thai five or six years ago, and it just now seems to be really catching on," Annie said. "It was popular at UT from the start, but other stores seem to have taken a while to catch on. It's a new flavor to the market. It was part of our goal to expand our menu from just Chinese to other Southeast Asian flavors. Because we're from Thailand, we like to fuse Thai culture and Thai food into our brand."
Sutas, now 69, is semi-retired, but still visits restaurants daily.
"I love to do it," Sutas said. "I love to talk to the kids and see how they are doing, I love to walk into the store and see what they are doing, see if it's how it's supposed to be. I'm lucky because they're all good kids."
Annie said the company sets high standards for itself.
"We not only pride ourselves on good, hot, fresh, tasty meals, but also strive for good service," Annie said. "What people know about Magic Wok is the convenience and we strive for that, too. Our goal is to get customers through the drive-thru window within three minutes. We strive for 100 percent satisfaction."
For more information, visit www.magicwok.com.
Tags: Annie Pipatjarasgit, egg rolls, Magic Wok, Sutas Pipatjarasgit, Tropical Grill & Juice


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Crystal ID Stretch Bracelet
Style # 222436
Lend a splash of sparkle to your daytime suitings or after-hours bodycons with this bebe crystal ID stretch bracelet.
- Metal with rhinestones
- Imported
Rated 4 out of 5�by 1 reviewer.
Rated 4 out of 5�by Debbsny Elegant Luv it..it's blingy and elegant at the same time...you can rock either look depending on how you accessorize it. Great piece for the price March 1, 2014
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Mashup: Photo Feed Slideshow Wigdet
The gadget lets the users turn their RSS album of latest albums, all albums and others into an always updated photo slideshow. They can paste the code into their other web presence like their blog, or any social website they have.
Comments (0)
Followers (1)


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1 (9 inch) graham cracker crust pie shell
8 tbsp cream cheese, softened
1 1/2 cups cold milk, plus 2 tbsp
1 package (3.4 oz) instant vanilla pudding
8 oz Renards Chocolate Cheese Fudge
2 bananas
Whip Cream Topping
Beat cream cheese in electric mixer until light and fluffy. Add milk and mix until creamy and lump free. Add vanilla pudding adn beat on lowest speed for 2 minutes.
Slice Renard's Chocolate Cheese Fudge and both bananas. Place the Chocolate Cheese Fudge in a single layer on bottom of the graham cracker crust. Layer banana slices on top the Chocolate Cheese Fudge. Pour pudding mixture over bananas. Refrigerate for 1 hour.
Top with whip cream and serve.
Copyright 2013 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved.


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According to reports provided by the Aiken Department of Public Safety:
A 67-year-old Aiken woman reported her $11,000 watch stolen from her home on Berrie Road on Tuesday.
A 44-year-old Aiken woman reported her purse missing on Tuesday. She told police she met a man at a bar and rode with him to a party, but forgot her purse when she left the party. Some of the items from her purse were later placed in her mailbox.
According to reports provided by the Aiken County Sheriff's Office:
Burglaries were reported Tuesday on Big Cone Drive in North Augusta, Warner Road in Salley, Walter Poole Road in Salley and Pearl Lane in Windsor, and Monday on Jefferson Davis Highway in North Augusta.
A Batesburg man reported on Wednesday that an unknown motorist spun their tires in his yard, damaging the grass.
A vehicle was reported stolen from Village Road in Aiken on Monday.
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Friday, April 26, 2013
Robert Austera (formerly of Mount Pleasant, S.C.) passed away on March 31, 2013 at his home in Anaheim, California. He was 57.
Robert was born in Prague, Czech Republic, on February 15, 1956 to Hans and Jirina (Rocheltt) Austera. Robert was a talented swimmer who was training for the Olympics, to represent Czechoslovakia. His family moved to Australia following the Russian invasion of 1968. Robert worked in IT for many years.
Robert is survived by his mother Jirina, brother Hans (Ivana), nephew Richard (Chris) and great nephew Ronin, all in Australia. He had three step children: Emily Gray of Virginia, Sarah (Aleena and Zane) of California, David (Kaia) of South Carolina, Rita Austera of Virginia, Zubair Nawaz of California, family in Europe and many good friends. He will be missed by many.
A memorial service will be held at a later date.
The Journal Scene is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. We expect our readers to engage in lively, yet civil discourse. We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. Responsibility for the statements posted lies with the person submitting the comment, not The Journal Scene.
If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click "report abuse" and we will review it for possible removal. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.
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text:
Renfro L, Feder HM Jr, Lane TJ, et al. Yeast connection among 100 patients with chronic fatigue.
Am J Med
. 1989;86:165 - 168.
Middleton SJ, Coley A, Hunter JO. The role of faecal Candida albicans in the pathogenesis of food-intolerant irritable bowel syndrome.
Postgrad Med J
. 1992;68:453 - 454.
Santelmann H, Laerum E, Roennevig J, et al. Effectiveness of nystatin in polysymptomatic patients. A randomized, double-blind trial with nystatin versus placebo in general practice.
Fam Pract
. 2001;18:258 - 265.
Dismukes WE, Wade JS, Lee JY, et al. A randomized, double-blind trial of nystatin therapy for the candidiasis hypersensitivity syndrome.
N Engl J Med
. 1990;323:1717-1723.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
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Some recent Chromium builds added many features that improve bookmark management and they'll probably be available in a future Google Chrome update (to find the difference between Chrome and Chromium, read this post).
The most notable new feature is a bookmark manager that lets you find bookmarks, move them to a new folder or easily delete a large number of bookmarks. In the Tools drop-down, there are options to import bookmarks from a HTML file and to export bookmarks in a similar format.
Another useful new feature is the option to import bookmarks from Google Bookmarks. The browser incorrectly mentions that the bookmarks are imported from Google Toolbar, since the toolbar doesn't even have to be installed. For now, the bookmarks aren't synchronized with Google Bookmarks.
Introducing the Search Analytics API
59 minutes ago


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Bandeau Front Zip Top
Style # 227508
Add a sexy printed layer underneath your sheer shirts and deep V sweaters with this bebe bandeau top, featuring a sweetheart cut and zip-up front. Style with skinny jeans or midi skirts for a night on the town.
- 96% polyester, 4% spandex
- Hand wash
- Made in USA
- Center back to hem: 5" (13 cm)
- Lined
- Model is 5'9" and is wearing a US size S
Rated 5 out of 5�by 1 reviewer.
Rated 5 out of 5�by ATown The BEST Top EVER Love this top.. I went dancing in it and it stayed in place the hole time. October 21, 2013
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text: What kind of help do you need? (Examples:"Panda Security installation", "I want to contact Panda") Tweet Error 0006:0906 when trying to activate my Panda 2014 productSymptomsError code 0006:0906 returned when activating Panda 2014.CauseError code 0006:0906 means that the limit of activations of your product has been exceeded.Solution In the case of a paid version, once the limited of activation is reached, you can reallocate the used license from you Panda Account. In order to do so, follow these steps:Access your Panda Account by clicking here.Enter your email address and password and click Log in.If you have forgotten your password to access your Panda Account, click option Forgot your password?You will then be prompted to enter the email address associated with your Panda Account and you will receive instructions on how to change your password.If you still haven´t created your Panda Account, select Create new account.For further information on this process, please refer to the Support article What is my Panda Account and how do I set it up?Once you log in, under My Products:You will see the following alert message You have reached the maximum number of activations allowed. Click the Release button to reassign licenses.When this process finishes, activate your product again. Please refer to the Support article How can I activate Panda 2014?Related Information If you are installing a trial version, please bear in mind that this kind of versions can only be installed once.If you want to continue using your Panda 2014, we recommend you to purchase the full product version.Help nº- 20130719 80614 EN Help us improve our service by letting us know your opinion. Your suggestions will help to resolve your questions more quickly and effectively. Have you resolved your query with this article? YES NO Thanks for your answer How would you improve this article? Do you want to contact TechSupport?


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Kyle Lovern
Sports Editor
GILBERT - The annual Pepsi Twin Rivers Classic basketball game featuring seniors from southern West Virginia will be held at the Harless Center in Gilbert on Saturday, March 23.
The girl's game starts at 6 p.m., while the boy's teams will tipoff at 8 p.m. Several all-state players are scheduled to suit up for both squads. High school seniors from several counties will be participating. They include Mingo, Logan, Wayne, McDowell, Wyoming, Mercer and Raleigh.
Schools from as far away as Spring Valley down to Bluefield will have players on the roster.
Harvey Stacy is the chairman for this year's all-star game.
"We are in the process of getting our rosters together and picking the coaches," Stacy said.
Several players and coaches have committed to the Twin Rivers Classic.
"We expect several small college coaches to attend," Stacy said. "They like to scout for some local talent."
There is always a packed house for the senior all-star games, according to Stacy.


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I have the first gen Nehalem Mac Pro 2.22. I think my 2012 rMBA renders Final Cut video faster.
I love the idea of the MP, but it's a dinosaur. If Apple isn't abandoning the machine, I hope it gets a fitting update and soon. iMac is fantastic, but not for everything.


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T-Strap Wedge Sandal
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Burnished leather open toe t-strap sandal with gunmetal-tone back zip, leather-covered midsole and natural stacked wedge.
Style # 502502053
Need Help? Have Questions? Contact Us.
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Saturday - Sunday, 11:30 AM - 8 PM (ET)
If you prefer email, we can be reached anytime at email@example.com.
Our Shipping & Returns Policy can be viewed here.


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Women's Puma
8 Fragrances
History and background of Puma. The history of PUMA is the history of inventions, product innovations and of sportsmen, who wrote with these inventions sport history.
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A fire at a residence in the Busy community of Perry County destroyed a mobile home Wednesday afternoon.
The Avawam fire department responded to a call at 8044 KY Hwy 451 just after 1 p.m. Officials were able to control the fire and keep it from spreading to neighboring residences.
No injuries have been reported as a result of the fire.
The Herald will have more on this story as more information becomes available.


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There's more to the Cambro Sofa than meets the eye. Part of the Blu Dot for Fab collaboration, the living room lounger is simple, sophisticated, and yes—super cush under your tush. But this dark gray beauty sits on a secret. It comes with eight interchangeable legs—four steel and four wood—so you can customize the overall look and feel to suit your fancy.
Includes 8 legs: 4 wood, 4 metal.
Interior seat: H 15.1" W 70.9" D 21.6"
Arm height 25"
Fabric: 100% Poly
Small apartment? Make the most out of your Blu Dot for Fab furniture in the smallest of spaces. We tell you how on our blog.
This product has no reviews yet. Be the first to review this product. Write a review
Enjoy 10% off your first order*


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When it's time to get real about where to get that first job, you've got a powerful ally in Butler's Student Career Services. We're here to help when you're nearing graduation and long before, starting with Career Coach, our online resource that lets you research what jobs are in demand, what you can expect to earn in them and the degree programs you should pursue to qualify for them.
Dr. Jessica Ohman Associate Vice President of Student Services316.322.3231Office: BOE firstname.lastname@example.com
Upon high school graduation, students enrolling full-time at Butler will be reimbursed the tuition paid while in high school.
Learn more about our Start Smart program.
Butler Community College, Kansas - Vertias
901 S Haverhill Rd
El Dorado, KS 67042


text:
Sami and EJ are once again at odds, Eric and Nicole are saved, and Abigail is startled by something Julie says.
At the DiMera mansion, Sami tells EJ Gabi made her put things into perspective. She's ashamed she took EJ's love and loyalty for granted. He asks if their separation is over. They kiss passionately and head to bed. They're interrupted by a call from Marlena who tells them what happened to Eric and to get to the hospital.
At the park, Will thinks he knows who the guy is Abby's seeing. He asks what it is with her and older guys. He has seen 'them' together he says and asks if she took him to bed yet. "Oh my God you know," Abby says and swears him to secrecy. Will thinks she's seeing Professor Sutton. Abigail denies it and says Will doesn't know this guy. She asks him to drop it and gives him a hug. Meanwhile, at the Horton Square, Rafe tells Jordan a case he was consulting on cracked open. He's proud so they decide to celebrate at the pub.
At the Brady's Pub, Lucas tells Sheryl head of marketing has been impressed by her. Sheryl's glad. She says she's glad to give up her apartment in Birmingham. After Jordan moved out, rent was hard to handle. Lucas questions her but she's not forthcoming. Rafe and Jordan arrive and Lucas pays Rafe - they had a wager about the football game on the weekend. Things are tense between the women and Rafe notices. Rafe comments on how 'nice' Lucas is being to Sheryl. It can't hurt that she's pretty... At the table, Jordan clears the air and apologizes for assuming Sheryl got the job at MadWorld because of Kate. Sheryl seems happy with this and Jordan admits she'd like to stay in Salem. Sheryl thinks a guy like Rafe could be a real "game changer" for her. Sheryl wishes she knew what happened - why she left. Jordan says it has nothing to do with her. The guys return and the girls tell a story about a stinky car they rented to go to Memphis in. Jordan reamed the rental car company out but it turned out that the car wasn't stinky, Jordan's new bottle of cheap perfume had smashed in her suitcase and the smell permeated through the car. They fall over laughing at their story. Later, Lucas and Sheryl leave. Outside, Lucas takes a private call from Kate about Sheryl. He lies that he hasn't seen her since the office.
While on the way out of his apartment, Daniel calls Roman and tells him he thinks Nicole and Daniel have been in his basement this whole time. Roman calls it into the station while Daniel heads downstairs and finds the door locked. He breaks it open with an axe and finds Nicole and Eric unconscious but alive. He carries Nicole out and the cops arrive. They cart Eric out, coughing and turn the gas off. Daniel gets Nicole to open her eyes.
Hope and Julie meet at Club TBD. Julie needs Hope to find Nick. He has disappeared. She fills Hope in on the lack of communication. Hope gets a call from Roman and promises Julie she'll get to the bottom of this. She leaves.
Daniel brings Nicole and Eric into the hospital. Hope arrives asking for a sketch of their suspect. Daniel goes to Nicole, who wants to check on Eric. Hope offers to do it for her. Nicole tells Hope a little about Chyka and his drugs and then goes to interview Eric in his room. He tells her everything that happened is because of Kristen. Sami and EJ arrive and Marlena and Roman tell them what happened. Later, Roman gets word that both patients will be fine. Marlena goes to her office to get coffee and Sami tells EJ she knows the person responsible for this is Kristen and EJ has the tools to find them. EJ doesn't want to play amateur detective. They're right back to where they started. Sami runs out. Hope and Roman interview Nicole in her room. Nicole tells them Eric saved their lives. She flashes to Eric's profession of love. By the hub, Daniel tells Hope that their suspect wiped his computer clean while both Nicole and Eric attempt to get out of bed to see each other. Nicole repeats, "He loves me," over and over.
Julie runs into Abby and Will in the square. Julie asks if they've heard from Nick. They haven't. Julie won't give up until she learns what happened to him. She's beginning to think it's a conspiracy! She goes and Abby flashes to EJ asking her not to discuss Gabi's reaction to the text from Nick. She looks puzzled.
Salem Spoilers for the next Days Of Our Lives:
EJ demands information from Stefano.
Hope gets surprising information from a father of a girl at Ciara's school.
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An electrosurgical system for sealing vessels using capacitive (RF) dielectric heating and a method thereof are provided. The system includes an electrosurgical instrument having an end effector with parallel plate electrodes that will clamp onto a vessel and maintain a specified gap distance; however, the electrodes will be coated with a non-conductive dielectric material. Such an end effector will ensure that direct conduction between the electrodes does not occur through tissue or fluids and effectively creates a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric, e.g., tissue and coating, in between the plates. The electrosurgical instrument will be activated with an AC signal at a specified RF frequency, e.g., a Debye resonance frequency, via an electrosurgical generator. An effective AC current will flow through the tissue and cause heating due to fictional losses from rotating polar molecules in the tissue.
1. An electrosurgical instrument for sealing tissue comprising:
an end effector having opposing jaw members, the jaw members being movable relative to one another from a first position wherein the jaw members are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another to a second position wherein the jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween, each jaw member including an electrode having a dielectric coating;
each jaw member adapted to connect to a source of electrosurgical energy to supply electrical energy thereto, the jaw members configured to generate an AC electric field that causes energy to flow through tissue held therebetween at a Debye resonance frequency of the tissue being sealed;
a control system configured to control the electrical energy supplied to the jaw members based on a sensed strength of the AC electric field; and
a predictive algorithm executable by the control system and configured to determine a shift in the Debye resonance frequency of the tissue being sealed, the control system adapted to regulate the source of electrical energy to cause energy to flow through the tissue being sealed at the shifted Debye resonance frequency based on the determined shift.
2. The electrosurgical instrument of
3. The electrosurgical instrument of
4. The electrosurgical instrument of
5. The electrosurgical instrument of
6. An electrosurgical system comprising:
an electrosurgical instrument for sealing tissue including an end effector having opposing jaw members, the jaw members being movable relative to one another from a first position wherein the jaw members are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another to a second position wherein the jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween, each jaw member including an electrode having a dielectric coating;
an electrosurgical generator coupled to each jaw member and adapted to supply electrosurgical energy thereto, the jaw members configured to generate an AC electric field that causes energy to flow at a predetermined frequency through tissue held therebetween to effect a seal;
a control system operatively associated with the generator and configured to control the electrosurgical energy supplied to the jaw members based on a sensed strength of the AC electric field; and
a predictive algorithm executable by the control system and configured to determine a shift in the predetermined frequency of the tissue being sealed, wherein the control system controls the source of electrical energy to cause energy to flow through the tissue being sealed at the shifted predetermined frequency based on the determined shift.
7. The electrosurgical system of
8. The electrosurgical system of
9. The electrosurgical system of
10. The electrosurgical system of
11. The electrosurgical system of
12. The electrosurgical system of
13. The electrosurgical system of
This application claims priority to an application entitled "VESSEL SEALING SYSTEM USING CAPACITIVE RF DIELECTRIC HEATING" filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office on Mar. 2, 2004 and assigned Ser. No. 60/549,232, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Technical Field
The present disclosure is directed to electrosurgical systems, and, in particular, to an electrosurgical system for vessel sealing using capacitive radio frequency (RF) dielectric heating.
2. Description of the Related Art
Electrosurgical generators are employed by surgeons in conjunction with an electrosurgical tool to cut, coagulate, desiccate and/or seal patient tissue. High frequency electrical energy, e.g., radio frequency (RF) energy, is produced by the electrosurgical generator and applied to the tissue by the electrosurgical tool. Both monopolar and bipolar configurations are commonly used during electrosurgical procedures.
Electrosurgical generators typically include power supply circuits, front panel interface circuits, and RF output stage circuits. Many electrical designs for electrosurgical generators are known in the field. In certain electrosurgical generator designs, the RF output stage can be adjusted to control the RMS (root mean square) output power. The methods of controlling the RF output stage may include changing the duty cycle, or changing the amplitude of the driving signal to the RF output stage. The method of controlling the RF output stage is described herein as changing an input to the RF output stage.
Electrosurgical techniques have been used to seal or fuse small diameter blood vessels, vascular bundles and tissue. In this application, two layers of tissue are grasped and clamped together while electrosurgical power is applied. By applying a unique combination of pressure, gap distance between opposing seal surfaces and controlling the electrosurgical energy, the two tissue layers are welded or fused together into a single mass with limited demarcation between tissue layers. Tissue fusion is similar to vessel sealing, except that a vessel or duct is not necessarily sealed in this process. For example, tissue fusion may be used instead of staples for surgical anastomosis.
One of the issues associated with electrosurgical sealing or fusion of tissue is undesirable collateral damage to tissue due to the various thermal effects associated with electrosurgically energizing tissue. The tissue at the operative site is heated by electrosurgical current typically applied by the electrosurgical instrument. Healthy tissue adjacent to the operative site may become thermally damaged if too much heat is allowed to build up at the operative site or adjacent the sealing surfaces. For example, during sealing, the heat may conduct or spread to the adjacent tissue and cause a significant region of tissue necrosis. This is known as thermal spread. Thermal spread becomes important when electrosurgical instruments are used in close proximity to delicate anatomical structures. Therefore, an electrosurgical generator that reduces the possibility of thermal spread would offer a better opportunity for a successful surgical outcome.
Another issue associated with electrosurgical tissue sealing or tissue fusion is the buildup of eschar on the surgical instrument. Eschar is a deposit which is created from tissue that is charred by heat. Surgical tools often lose effectiveness when coated with eschar.
In order to effect a proper seal with larger vessels, two predominant mechanical parameters must be accurately controlled—the pressure applied to the vessel and the gap between the electrodes both of which affect thickness of the sealed vessel. More particularly, accurate application of the pressure is important to oppose the walls of the vessel, to reduce the tissue impedance to a low enough value that allows enough electrosurgical energy through the tissue, to overcome the forces of expansion during tissue heating and to contribute to the end tissue thickness which is an indication of a good seal. It has been determined that a fused vessel wall is optimum between about 0.001 and about 0.006 inches. Below this range, the seal may shred or tear and above this range the lumens may not be properly or effectively sealed.
With respect to smaller vessels, the pressure applied to the tissue tends to become less relevant whereas the gap distance between the electrically conductive surfaces becomes more significant for effective sealing. In other words, the chances of the two electrically conductive surfaces touching during activation increases as the vessels become smaller.
As mentioned above, in order to properly and effectively seal larger vessels, a greater closure force between opposing jaw members is required. It is known that a large closure force between the jaws typically requires a large moment about the pivot for each jaw. This presents a challenge because the jaw members are typically affixed with pins which are positioned to have a small moment arms with respect to the pivot of each jaw member. A large force, coupled with a small moment arm, is undesirable because the large forces may shear the pins. As a result, designers must compensate for these large closure forces by either designing instruments with metal pins and/or by designing instruments which at least partially offload these closure forces to reduce the chances of mechanical failure. As can be appreciated, if metal pivot pins are employed, the metal pins must be insulated to avoid the pin acting as an alternate current path between the jaw members which may prove detrimental to effective sealing.
Increasing the closure forces between electrodes may have other undesirable effects, e.g., it may cause the opposing electrodes to come into close contact with one another which may result in a short circuit or arcing between the electrodes, and a small closure force may cause pre-mature movement of the tissue during compression and prior to activation.
Thus, a need exists to develop an electrosurgical system which effectively seals vascular tissue and solves the aforementioned problems by providing an instrument which enables a large closure force between the opposing jaws members, reduces the chances of short circuiting the opposing jaws during activation and reduces the possibility of thermal spread.
An electrosurgical system for sealing vessels using capacitive (RF) dielectric heating and a method thereof are provided. The present disclosure provides a system and method where tissue sealing is caused by capacitive heating, along with pressure and time. The system includes an electrosurgical tool or instrument having an end effector with parallel plate electrodes that will clamp onto a vessel, or tissue, and maintain a specified gap distance; however, the electrodes will be coated with a non-conductive dielectric material. Such an end effector will ensure that direct conduction between the electrodes does not occur through tissue or fluids and effectively creates a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric, e.g., tissue and coating, in between the plates. The electrosurgical instrument will be activated with an AC signal at a specified RF frequency, e.g., a Debye resonance frequency, via an electrosurgical generator. An effective AC current will flow through the tissue and cause heating due to frictional losses from rotating polar molecules in the tissue.
Advantageously, the capacitive RF dielectric system of the present disclosure will provide more uniform heating, e.g., reduced thermal spread, due to a more uniform electric field generated between the electrodes than with a conventional ohmic heating system and will eliminate arcing since there will be no direct conduction between electrodes. Additionally, a more accurate temperature measurement is achieved with a single temperature sensor due to the uniform heat distribution. Furthermore, since the surface contacting tissue will be coated with a, preferably, non-stick, dielectric material, tissue sticking to the end effector will be reduced.
The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the disclosure in unnecessary detail. In the figures, like reference numerals represent like elements.
An electrosurgical system for sealing vessels using capacitive (RF) dielectric heating and a method thereof are provided. Capacitive RF dielectric heating is employed in an electrosurgical system to heat/desiccate tissue for sealing purposes. Generally, a high voltage RF frequency AC signal is applied to a set of parallel electrodes on opposite sides of a dielectric, e.g., tissue or electrode coatings, forming a capacitive circuit. A tissue to be sealed is sandwiched or placed between the electrodes so that an AC displacement current flows through the tissue as a result of polar molecules in the tissue aligning and rotating in opposite fashion to the applied AC electric field. Direct conduction does not occur but instead an effective AC current flows through the parallel electrodes due to polar molecules with effective charges rotating back and forth. Heating occurs because these polar molecules encounter interactions with neighboring molecules resulting in lattice and frictional losses as they rotate. Since the internal polar molecules of the tissue are being heated, the system does not rely on thermal conduction and does not require electrodes to contact a surface of the tissue as in conventional ohmic heating systems. The combination of the heat generated, along with pressure applied and a specified gap distance, will effectively seal the tissue held between the electrodes.
An exemplary electrical equivalent circuit of the principle described above is shown in
In the electrosurgical system of the present disclosure, the RF frequency or composite signal of several RF frequencies are selected to correlate with the dominant Debye resonance frequency groups of the tissue that is being heated. These Debye resonances are dependent on the polar molecular makeup of the tissue and thus a plurality of tissue types may be researched for different Debye resonance frequencies to be stored in the electrosurgical system to appropriately heat a selected tissue.
The system is constructed to provide an AC RF signal displacement current at an RF frequency in the range of 3 MHz to 300 MHz. This range includes the HF (3 MHz to 30 MHz) and VHF (30 MHz to 300 MHz) frequencies in the lower regions of the radio frequency (RF) range. Superior results are achieved by operating in the frequency range of 3 MHz-30 MHz.
The frequency or composite frequency groups of the RF signal used in the electrosurgical system will track with and change with temperature to account for the fact that the Debye resonance frequencies of the polar molecular constituents of the tissue also shift with temperature.
It is contemplated that the RF signal power level and electric field strength can be adjusted automatically by a computer control system which changes the load current to control heating rates and account for different tissue types. The power level is controlled by measuring the current and field strength across the load. The voltage (AC field strength) is then adjusted, which in turn varies the current, until measurements of the current and field strength indicate that the desired power level has been achieved.
An electrosurgical system 6, which can be used to practice this disclosure, is shown in
The member 100 is provided in the form of bipolar electrosurgical forceps using two generally opposing electrodes disposed on inner opposing surfaces of the member 100, and which are both electrically coupled to the output of the electrosurgical generator 7. During use, different electric potentials are applied to each electrode. When the forceps are utilized to clamp or grasp the vessel 400 therebetween, the electrical energy output from the electrosurgical generator 7 is transferred through the intervening tissue. Both open surgical procedures and endoscopic surgical procedures can be performed with suitably adapted surgical instruments 10. It should also be noted that the member 100 could be monopolar forceps that utilize one active electrode, with the other (return) electrode or pad being attached externally to the patient, or a combination of bipolar and monopolar forceps.
By way of further explanation,
Referring now to
The forceps 10 includes an end effector assembly 100 which attaches to distal ends 14 a and 14 b of shafts 12 a and 12 b, respectively. As explained in more detail below, the end effector assembly 100 includes pair of opposing jaw members 110 and 120 which are pivotably connected about a pivot pin 150.
Preferably, each shaft 12 a and 12 b includes a handle 17 a and 17 b disposed at the proximal end 16 a and 16 b thereof which each define a finger hole 18 a and 18 b, respectively, therethrough for receiving a finger of the user. As can be appreciated, finger holes 18 a and 18 b facilitate movement of the shafts 12 a and 12 b relative to one another which, in turn, pivot the jaw members 110 and 120 from an open position (
A ratchet 30 is preferably included for selectively locking the jaw members 110 and 120 relative to one another at various positions during pivoting. As best shown in
Preferably, each position associated with the cooperating ratchet interfaces 30 a and 30 b holds a specific, i.e., constant, strain energy in the shaft members 12 a and 12 b which, in turn, transmits a specific closing force to the jaw members 110 and 120. It is envisioned that the ratchet 30 may include graduations or other visual markings which enable the user to easily and quickly ascertain and control the amount of closure force desired between the jaw members. A design without a ratchet system or similar system would require the user to hold the jaw members 110 and 120 together by applying constant force to the handles 17 a and 17 b which may yield inconsistent results.
As best illustrated in
The proximal end of the cable 210 includes a plug 200 having a pair of prongs 202 a and 202 b which are dimensioned to electrically and mechanically engage the electrosurgical energy generator. The interior of cable 210 houses at least a pair of leads which conduct the different electrical potentials from the electrosurgical generator to the jaw members 110 and 120. The cable 210 may also include a plurality of other leads coupled to sensors, e.g., a temperature sensor, voltage sensor, current sensor, tissue type sensor, etc., for providing feedback to the electrosurgical generator 7, as explained in greater detail below.
As best seen in
Jaw member 110 includes an insulated outer housing 114 which is dimensioned to mechanically engage an electrode 112 and a proximally extending flange 130 which is dimensioned to seat a distal connector 300. Preferably, outer insulative housing 114 extends along the entire length of jaw member 110 to reduce alternate or stray current paths during sealing and/or incidental burning of tissue 400. The inner facing surface of flange 130 includes an electrically conductive plate which conducts electrosurgical energy to the electrode 112 upon activation.
Likewise, jaw member 120 include similar elements which include: an outer housing 124 which engages an electrode 122; a proximally extending flange 140 which seats the opposite face of the distal connector 300; an electrically conductive plate which conducts electrosurgical energy to the electrode 122 upon activation.
Each electrode 112, 122 of the first and second jaw members will be coated with a non-conductive dielectric material 113, 123 that itself will not be heated since the dielectric material will be selected to have a Debye resonance at much higher frequency then a Debye resonance of the tissue to be sealed. Advantageously, the dielectric material will increase the dielectric constant of the gaps between the electrodes 112, 122 and the tissue 400 to be heated thus improving energy transfer to the tissue 400.
Preferably, the dielectric material 113, 123 is molded onto the jaw members 110, 120 (e.g., overmolding, injection molding, etc.), stamped onto the jaw members 110, 120 or deposited (e.g., deposition) onto the jaw members 110, 120. The dielectric material may also be pre-formed and slideably attached to the jaw members and/or attached to the electrodes 112, 112 in a snap-fit manner. Other techniques involve thermally spraying the dielectric material onto the surface of the jaw member 110, 120. Alternatively, the dielectric material 113, 123 can be molded onto the inner-facing surface of the jaw members 110, 120 or, in some cases, it may be preferable to adhere the dielectric material to the inner facing surfaces of the jaw members 110, 120 by any known method of adhesion.
Preferably, the dielectric material is a material having superior non-stick properties, for example, KAPTON�, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), etc., which will reduce the amount of tissue that sticks to the end effector and thus improves the overall efficacy of the instrument. KAPTON� is a polyimide film commercially available from Dupont of Wilmington, Del.
Since the Debye resonance frequency of the tissue will shift with a change in temperature of the tissue, the end effector 100 will include at least one temperature sensor 152. The temperature sensor 152 may be any known temperature sensor in the art, for example, a thermocouple, thermistor, resistance temperature detector (RTD), semiconductor temperature device, infrared temperature sensor, etc. The temperature sensor 152 will be coupled to the generator 7 via cable 210 to provide temperature feedback to the generator as will be described below.
It is envisioned that one of the jaw members, e.g., 120, includes at least one stop member 151 disposed on an inner facing surface of the electrode surface 112 (and/or 122). Alternatively or in addition, the stop member 151 may be positioned adjacent to the electrode 112, 122 or proximate the pivot pin 150. The stop member(s) is preferably designed to facilitate gripping and manipulation of tissue 400 and to define a gap "G" (
A detailed discussion of these and other envisioned stop members 151 as well as various manufacturing and assembling processes for attaching, disposing, depositing and/or affixing the stop members 151 to the electrodes surfaces 112, 122 are described in commonly-assigned, co-pending PCT Application Ser. No. PCT/US01/11222 entitled "BIPOLAR ELECTROSURGICAL FORCEPS WITH NON-CONDUCTIVE STOP MEMBERS" which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.
The surgical instrument 70 for use with endoscopic surgical procedures includes a drive rod assembly 704 which is coupled to a handle assembly 706. The drive rod assembly 704 includes an elongated hollow shaft portion 708 having a proximal end and a distal end. An end effector assembly 700 is attached to the distal end of shaft 708 and includes a pair of opposing jaw members. Preferably, handle assembly 706 is attached to the proximal end of shaft 708 and includes an activator 710 for imparting movement of the forceps jaw members of end effector member 700 from an open position, wherein the jaw members are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another, to a clamping or closed position, wherein the jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween.
Similar to end effector 100, end effector 700 will include first and second jaw members, each having an electrode for imparting electrosurgical energy to tissue 400. Each electrode will be coated with a non-conductive dielectric material as described above in reference to end effector 100. Alternatively, a non-conductive pad may be selectively mounted atop the inner facing surface of each electrode or the electrodes may be manufactured with the pad mounted thereon.
Activator 710 includes a movable handle 712 having an aperture 714 defined therein for receiving at least one of the operator's fingers and a fixed handle 716 having an aperture 718 defined therein for receiving an operator's thumb. Movable handle 712 is selectively moveable from a first position relative to fixed handle 716 to a second position in the fixed handle 716 to close the jaw members. Preferably, fixed handle 716 includes a channel 720 which extends proximally for receiving a ratchet 722 which is coupled to movable handle 712. This structure allows for progressive closure of the end effector assembly, as well as a locking engagement of the opposing jaw members. In some cases it may be preferable to include other mechanisms to control and/or limit the movement of handle 712 relative to handle 716 such as, e.g., hydraulic, semi-hydraulic and/or gearing systems. As with instrument 10, a stop is also provided to maintain a minimum gap between the jaw members.
The handle 716 includes handle sections 716 a and 716 b, and is generally hollow such that a cavity is formed therein for housing various internal components. For example, the cavity can house a PC board which controls the electrosurgical energy being transmitted from the electrosurgical generator 7 to each jaw member, via connector 200. More particularly, electrosurgical energy generated from the electrosurgical generator 7 is transmitted to the handle PC board by a cable 210. The PC board converts the electrosurgical energy from the generator into two different electrical potentials which are transmitted to each jaw member by a separate terminal clip. The handle 716 may also house circuitry that communicates with the generator 7, for example, identifying characteristics of the electrosurgical tool 70 for use by the electrosurgical generator 7, transmitting temperature values, transmitting calculated impedance values, etc.
A lost motion mechanism may be positioned between each of the handle sections 716 a and 716 b for maintaining a predetermined or maximum clamping force for sealing tissue between the jaw members. It is also contemplated that other endoscopic vessel sealing instruments may be utilized with the present disclosure such as the vessel sealer and dividers, e.g., the LIGASURE ATLAS™ and LIGASURE 5 mm™ manufactured and sold by VALLEYLAB, Inc—a division of TYCO HEALTH CARE GROUP, LP.
Having thus described two exemplary and non-limiting embodiments of surgical instruments 10, 70 that can be employed with the electrosurgical generator 7, a description will now be provided of various aspects of the presently disclosed electrosurgical generator 7.
An analog to digital converter (ADC) block 808 receives analog inputs and sources a digital input bus of the feedback microcontroller 800B. Using the ADC block 808, the microcontroller 800B is apprised of the value of the actual output voltage and the actual output current, thereby closing the feedback loop with the SCV signal. The values of the output voltage and current can be used for determining tissue impedance and for the overall, general control of the applied RF energy waveform. It should be noted that at least the ADC block 808 can be an internal block of the feedback microcontroller 800B, and need not be a separate, external component. It should be further noted that the same analog signals can be digitized and read into the master microcontroller 800A, thereby providing redundancy. The master microcontroller 800A controls the state (on/off) of the high voltage (e.g., 190V max) power supply as a safety precaution, controls the front panel display(s), and also receives various input switch closures, such as a tissue type selected by an operator.
It is envisioned that a third (waveform) microcontroller 800C may be employed to generate a desired sinusoidal waveform at a specified Debye resonance frequency that forms the basis of the RF pulses applied to the tissue to be sealed, such as the vessel 400 (
Furthermore, the ADC 808 will receive a signal indicative of a temperature of the tissue to be sealed and inputs the signal into the feedback microcontroller 800B. The feedback microcontroller 800B will then again access the LUT 810 to determine a shift in the Debye resonance frequency of the tissue selected.
Alternatively, the shift in the Debye resonance frequency of the tissue selected may be determined by a predictive algorithm stored in program memory 804. The predictive algorithm will determine the shift in the Debye resonance frequency from a table derived from experimental data for various tissue types.
Referring to
Since the optimal Debye resonance frequency will shift with a change in temperature, temperature sensor 152 will continuously measure the temperature of the tissue to be sealed, in step 908. The temperature will be feedback to the generator 7 via feedback controller 800B and will determine a shifted Debye resonance frequency via the Debye resonance frequency curve for the tissue selected, in step 910. In step 910, the generator 7 will apply subsequent RF energy at the shifted Debye resonance frequency. Alternatively, the shifted Debye resonance frequency will be determined by the predictive algorithm described above.
In step 914, the generator 7 will determine the effectiveness of the seal by determining the impedance of the tissue. The impedance may be determined by sensing the current and voltage of the tissue and calculating the impedance via the appropriate algorithm as is known in the art. In step 916, if the generator 7 determines the seal is effective, the generator will terminate application of the RF energy (step 918) and, optionally, provide an indication to the user that the tissue is sealed. Otherwise, if the seal is not effective, the method will return to step 908 and repeat steps 908 through 916 until it is determines the seal is effective.
It is envisioned that by utilizing a capacitive system for heating, and thus sealing tissue, more uniform heating will be achieved due to the uniform electric field generated between the electrodes of the end effector. Additionally, since the electrodes of the end effector will act as a pure capacitor, there will be no resistive component through the tissue and, therefore, no current which will eliminate the possibility of arcing. Furthermore, since the dielectric material of the end effector will be selected to have superior non-stick properties, the amount of tissue sticking to the end effector will be eliminated or reduced, thus, improving the overall efficacy of the system.
While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosures be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of preferred embodiments.
Patent Citations
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iPhone 4S audio issue most likely won't see a fix with iOS 5.1
As noted by GigaOM, a lot of iPhone 4S and some iPhone 4 users are continuing to experience an issue where they cannot hear anything from the recipient on an outgoing call.
The issue in question is when the iPhone 4S (and according to some reports, the iPhone 4, too) mutes all audio on the caller's end when placing an outgoing voice call. The person on the other end of the line can hear everything just fine, but on the caller's end, there's no ringing sound and no audio from a recipient speaking.
The issue has pushed the Apple Support Communities discussion thread past 110 pages with users expressing their frustration and calling for Apple to do something about it. Two of our editors, Rene and Georgia, have both had their iPhone 4 devices swapped out by Apple when the earpiece stopped providing audio (only the speaker phone would work).
It has been speculated that iOS 5.1 won't address this issues -- assuming it is addressable , but we'll have to wait and see.
Source: Apple Support Communities via GigaOM
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
iPhone 4S audio issue most likely won't see a fix with iOS 5.1
I've had the same problem! So glad I'm not alone. Generally if I hang up and redial, I can hear the second time around. I had actually visited the Genius bar where they had me reset the network settings and if that didn't work, they advised me to do a full restore before I went into Verizon (thinking it was a network issue). I hadn't had time to go in yet.
At this point, I'll just deal with it and hope that there is a bug fix soon! I don't want to have my phone swapped out with a refurb from big Red.
Do you have the 4 or the 4s? I ask because I didn't have this problem on 4.2.1 but as soon as I updated to 5.0 it started happening. It rarely happens but it is annoying when it does. I wanted to make sure that I didn't just make this change up, so please verify with me xD
I've experienced that problem before! I thought I was the only one... Well the problem occurs when the phone is placed on the ear right after dialing a number. I've noticed that unless I remove it from my ear for a couple of seconds the phone won't ring at all. It's a pretty annoying problem, but not something to go overboard about.
Had this problem with my brand new iPhone 4S at the beginning of December, since it was brand new my carrier replaced it no questions asked the next day and I have yet to experience this problem with the replacement. This seems to be a weird problem, no sound came out from Bluetooth on outgoing calls either on mine, but incoming calls were always fine and a full restore fixed nothing. I have seen, probably on the same thread mentioned in the article, that some have speculated that the headphone jack was broken for some reason and was telling the phone to send audio to a not connected headphone, but there is probably more than one cause…
I had this issue yesterday actually. My phone, for whatever reason, thought my headphones were in even though they weren't and that was why the issue appeared. It eventually disappeared, but I think that if you take headphones and plug them and then unplug them, it'll fix it.
Had this issue about a year and a half ago with my 2 weeks old iPhone 4, asked for a swap from Rogers (they sent one by mail) but was able to solve the issue just by connecting it to my computer and pressing sync within iTunes... Had the device swapped though, as I said to them I wouldn't want this to happen again.
It is surely only software related, but the issue happens so randomly that it cannot be reproduced and so no fix can be done.
Had this issue. Didn't know it was wide spread. Happened when I was calling to make a payment at my dentist and the lady got so frustrated that after the 5 th time I called, she was furious and asked if I kept prancing the office, I said no and I that I didn't know what she was talking about. :( lol
Have same call issue but only occasionally. If I don't hear it ring when I dial. I quickly hit speaker on and off again and audio works fine from that point forward.
ios 5.1 (beta 2) Build 985127c has fixed the issue for me. I had the exact trouble on 4 different phones including the one I am currently using. After changing to the latest Beta Test Version mentioned the issue has gone away. Right now you need to be a beta tester to be able to get the load but hopefully it will be released soon.
I haven't had this issue, but my fiancee did with is 4s. He wasn't able to hear me, but I could hear him. If anyone has that problem and cannot get a new phone right away (i.e. is a week or have to wait a few days for it to come in) you can use speaker phone, but plugging in a headset (like the one that comes with the phone) and using the speaker on there works just as well. That's what he did for 3 days until he could get his replacement.
I have had the issue numerous times with my iphone 4. The only solution I've found is to completely turn the phone off then back on.
No, it has afflicted stock devices, too.
Settings......general......network.....then put the enable 3G toggle into the off position. :)
Zoltan Szilberhorn on September 3, 2011 You can't enter uenlss you have a valid driver's license. Also you must be older than 21, if you're U.S. resident. However you can ask anyone you trust to enter, just keep in mind: enter with an email-address in which you don't mind spams. Oh and if you win, you'll have to pay taxes too. You can ask anyone you trust to enter cash-prize sweepstakes too.
I have a iphone4s: I can no longer listen to music through my speakers or adjust the volume using the side buttons. Ringer works on calls and text messages, plus sound through the head phone jack works ok. The side buttons still work for other functions I.e the camera. Also people always say on calls I sound like a robot but from my side the caller sounds ok. All was ok before last update.
I heard that you can hear something if you switch to speaker then back. This is a temporary way to go around the issue.
My iPhone 4 didn't experience it but it stopped locking the screen when the phone was at my ear during some calls, and I would turn speaker on with my face. Didn't happen for a while though.
This is pretty disappointing, the iPhones advantage was that, although it's such a closed system at least it works perfectly. Ever since IOS 5 I've had a bit too many issues, applications crashing, including Apple apps like the App Store, the screen failed to lock while held close to my face and so on.
Apple is going soft, too many problems get passed testing.
My wife has this same issue with her iphone 4. She has a otterbox case. There is a sensor next to the speaker on the front of the phone that senses when the phone is held to your face. On the otterbox, you just have to clean the clear plastic covering that sensor. I have to do this to my wifes phone every week. When this clear plastic gets dirty, the phone screen will blank out and she hangs up or mutes calls all the time. Just clean the case. Works for me everytime. She will probably get another case because of it.
This speaker problem showed up on my iPhone 4S a few days before Christmas. It got to a point where I couldn't hear anything at all. Drove to the Apple store in Indianapolis on Christmas eve after being on the phone(my wife's iPhone 4s)for 45 mins with Apple. I got a new phone and have had no problems so far.
This is not a software issue and has been around forever and is easy to fix... what happens is that where you insert the headphone that hole has a sensor that switch from headphone to speaker, when that sensor is dirty let the software know you have a headphone and that's why you don't hear anything un less u put speakerphone or insert a headphone... the solution is buy an air spray the one to use to clean keyboards etc and blow it carefully in the hole of the headphone... the insert carefully a q-tip clean it.. turn off and on device... and voila is solved...
Its interesting that I ran across this thread today, my co-worker had issues with her iPhone4 having issues with no audio as well on phone calls. I went with her to the Apple Store in our area spent over an hour plus with a Genius Bar associate and in the end since she was just a couple of weeks out of warranty they wanted her to spend $149 on a refurbished phone. She was not about to spend the money since she plans on getting the next iPhone and din't want to waste money or an upgrade.
Still what irritates me is Apple is well aware of this issue and the Genius Bar associate was like too bad its out of warranty. If you know your stuff has issues you should take care of the customer.
Picked up my new iphone 4s tonight. When I try to talk to someone I cannot hear them unless I put them on speaker phone. They sound very faint like they are in a wind tunnel. Is this the same problem others are having? There doesn't seem to be any volume control for the ear piece just for the ringer.
I figured out the problem on my 4s when I purchased mine the girl put it in the otter case and did not take the front film off the phone this was interfering with the sensor. If u read above u will see that this sensor is mentioned and about keeping it clean. I took the otter case off and pulled off the film....no more problem hearing the other person on the other end. All fixed.
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The current state of affairs in
We've allowed political agendas to get in the way of smart business. I read the recent news that the Jail Director, Stan Sunday, was appointed interim director of the TDC. What? There are plenty of qualified directors within the TDC who can address the needs of the tourism industry and keep the ship on course until a replacement is found.
We can't forget that tourism is big business in
In 2007, the TDC commissioned an economic impact study, which revealed:
· Total visitor spending in
· Income generated from tourism was $314 million
· More than 12,150 jobs were created by tourism
· Total tax revenue related to tourism was $130.9 million
We must demand that the BCC take the TDC executive director job seriously. We need a strong leader who will grow year-round tourism and value the importance of attracting affluent visitors who respect and care about our beaches.
We need a TDC executive director with solid destination marketing AND destination management experience. We need a leader who can build consensus and balance the needs of the tourism industry with those of the local community. A leader who understands the value of arts and cultural and eco-tourism in attracting an affluent guest. A leader who can address tourism issues and help improve the quality of life for residents and visitors of
We need to end backroom politics. The nine candidates should be interviewed in the sunshine and the best person for the job should be hired as well as welcomed and respected once they arrive. I am hopeful that the community will rise up and not let history repeat itself.
Tracy Louthain


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Latest from R.C. Sproul
Can I Know God's Will?
from R.C. Sproul May 19, 2009 Category: ArticlesAlice in Wonderland came to a fork in the road. Icy panic stung her as she stood frozen by indecision. She lifted her eyes toward heaven, looking for guidance. Her eyes did not find God, only the Cheshire cat leering at her from his perch in the tree above. "Which way should I go?" blurted Alice. Keep Reading
Recovering Emphasis on Prayer
from R.C. Sproul May 17, 2009 Category: ArticlesHow can we as evangelicals recover the emphasis on prayer in worship that our Reformed forebears understood? Let me mention some ways. Keep Reading
The Christian and Art (pt. 3)
from R.C. Sproul Apr 30, 2009 Category: ArticlesRembrandt used a fascinating technique whenever he painted his portraits, much like Michelangelo did when he created his sculptures. He used a technique later described by German philosophers (particularly Herder) as the "fruitful moment." (The German word for moment means "the blink of an eye.") Keep Reading
The Christian and Art (pt. 2)
from R.C. Sproul Apr 29, 2009 Category: ArticlesIf we move from the realm of creation to the realm of biblical history, again we see dimensions of God's involvement in art. In the Old Testament, God ordained and commanded the building of the tabernacle and later of the temple. These were extravagant projects of art. By divine imperative, the children of Israel were commanded to bring their gold and silver, to melt them down, and to use them for adorning the vessels that would be a part of the holy place and of the holy of holies. The finest wood was brought from the distant mountains of Lebanon. They imported the perfect wood of the cedars to be used in the construction of the temple. Certain craftsmen, like Bezalel and Oholiab, were given charismatic gifts, special supernatural endowments by God, so that they could perform their artistic tasks of forming, shaping, and polishing the furniture and the utensils of the tabernacle (Exodus 31:6). God spent the energy of His Holy Spirit on an artistic enterprise. There was nothing "tacky" about the temple. It was a building whose excellence in every way called attention to the glory of the God whose house it was. Keep Reading
The Christian and Art (pt. 1)
from R.C. Sproul Apr 28, 2009 Category: ArticlesI lived in the city of Amsterdam during the 1960s. As I walked through the city, I recognized the names on many of the street corners. There was Beethoven Straat, Vanderhelstlaan, and Rembrandt Plein. The streets and places that I encountered there often bore the name of famous composers or artists. Keep Reading
How Are We to Keep the Sabbath in Today's Society?
from R.C. Sproul Apr 26, 2009 Category: ArticlesWithin the Christian church there are three leading options for answering your question. Some Christians believe that the Sabbath was an Old Testament ordinance and has no application to the New Testament church. No less a giant than Saint Augustine took the position that the Sabbath was not carried over into the New Testament community and therefore has been fulfilled and was done away with through the work of Christ. There are Christians who feel that there is no particular significance to Sabbath keeping today, although they make up a very small minority. Keep Reading
The Christian and Science (pt. 3)
from R.C. Sproul Apr 17, 2009 Category: ArticlesThere is a sense in which the Christian should be the most passionate scientist of all because he should be rigorously open to truth wherever it is found. He should not be afraid that a new discovery of something that is true will destroy his foundation for truth. If our foundation for truth is true, all other truth can only support it and enhance it. It can't destroy it. Therefore, Christians ought not to be afraid of scientific inquiry. This does not mean that we should uncritically accept all pronouncements and pontifications of scientists. Scientists are fallible and may occasionally make arrogant statements that go far beyond the realm of their own expertise. Keep Reading
The Christian and Science (pt. 2)
from R.C. Sproul Apr 16, 2009 Category: ArticlesMany Protestant scholars venture earlier into church history and lay the blame for this division at the feet of Saint Thomas Aquinas. Among Protestant thinkers, there seems to be a kind of allergy to the work of Aquinas. Francis Schaeffer, for example, is one who would lay much of the blame for today's schizophrenic view on Aquinas. Schaeffer argued that the root of modern man's trauma lies in the separation that Aquinas made between the realms of nature and grace. The realm of nature is the daily arena of his visible world, the scientific inquiry. The realm of grace is the supernatural realm of God. If Aquinas did in fact separate nature and grace, then certainly Dr. Schaeffer would be correct in pointing the finger at Saint Thomas for causing a significant part of modern man's dilemma. I plead for Aquinas, that he was not guilty of the charge. Aquinas did everything in his power to prevent a separation of nature and grace. He labored tirelessly to combat the efforts of philosophers who were making such a separation. Let us briefly consider the historical background. Keep Reading
The Christian and Science (pt. 1)
from R.C. Sproul Apr 15, 2009 Category: ArticlesWhat is the Christian's role in the scientific enterprise? How do we as Christians live in a culture that has been shaped and influenced by the impact of scientific accomplishments? Keep Reading
He Is Risen!
from R.C. Sproul Apr 12, 2009 Category: ArticlesHere is the watershed of human history where the misery of the race is transformed into grandeur. Here the kerygma, the proclamation of the early church, was born with the cry "He is risen." We can view this event as a symbol, a lovely tale of hope. We can reduce it to a moralism that declares, as one preacher put it, "The meaning of the Resurrection is that we can face the dawn of each new day with dialectical courage." Keep Reading


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Wednesday, April 17, 2013
Boeing South Carolina has announced it will add another 2,000 jobs to its North Charleston facility near the Charleston International Airport.
"We appreciate the strong support Boeing has received in South Carolina since we began expanding our presence and investments here just a few years ago," Boeing spokesperson Candy Eslinger said last week. "The South Carolina business environment is one of the things that attracted us here originally.
"We are proud of our partnership with the state and the mutual benefits we have achieved working together for the people of South Carolina, the customers who fly our airplanes, and for Boeing."
Boeing has invested more than $1 billion in land, facilities, infrastructure and tooling in South Carolina since 2009. The company currently has more than 6,000 employees working at the Boeing sites in the state.
Boeing S.C. met initial obligations under the economic incentive agreements made with the state in 2010 four years early, according to Eslinger.
With unprecedented demand for commercial airplanes – including a forecast of another 34,000 airplanes required over the next 20 years – Boeing is positioned for significant and sustained growth in the years ahead, and we have been investing in our people, products and facilities to deliver that growth and to better serve customers, according to Eslinger.
"To qualify for the economic development incentives being proposed this week, we are committing to create 2,000 new jobs and invest in excess of an additional $1 billion in South Carolina over the next eight years as part of our overall plan to capture market growth and deliver on our commitments to customers and other stakeholders," Eslinger said. "We are excited about our future and the investments we are making in South Carolina to ensure our operations here are successful for generations to come."
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MTA News
Current News
Wednesday, March 11, 2015 - 14:30
It's been a long winter and MTA's Long Island Rail Road is here to help welcome the warmer weather by offering special ticket packages to New York City's biggest new show, New York Spring Spectacular, premiering March 12 at Radio City Music Hall. For a limited time, customers can save $10 on tickets to select performances to this brand-new, live theatrical production starring Tony Award winning actress Laura Benanti, Emmy Award winning choreographer Derek Hough and the legendary Rockettes.
Friday, March 6, 2015 - 12:19
On Monday, March 9, MTA New York City Transit's FASTRACK program returns to Manhattan stations along the [4][5][6] lines. For four consecutive weeknights from Monday, March 9, to early Friday morning, March 13, [4][5][6] trains will run express in both directions between 125 St and Grand Central-42 St. [5] service ends early in Manhattan each night.
Friday, March 6, 2015 - 09:47
The MTA's Weekender: The Way Around Weekend Work for March 6 - March 9
Wednesday, March 4, 2015 - 12:19
The Museum Store site has a new user-friendly interface with larger graphics, brighter visuals and a navigable menu that makes shopping for the Store's hundreds of items easier and faster.
Tuesday, March 3, 2015 - 16:10
Hugh L. Carey Tunnel Nightly Tube Closures For Sandy Repair Work Through 2018
Friday, February 27, 2015 - 15:23
"Courtesy Counts" Campaign Comes to Buses
Friday, February 27, 2015 - 15:20
MTA Bridges and Tunnels said Friday the next phase of construction work in the $235.7 million Verrazano-Narrows Bridge upper level deck replacement project is set to begin with the demolition of the original 1960s-era roadway and installation of a lighter-weight, longer-lasting steel orthotropic deck. A new seventh roadway lane, which will be used as a Bus/HOV lane, will also be constructed.
Friday, February 27, 2015 - 09:40
The MTA's Weekender: The Way Around Weekend Work for February 27 - March 2
Wednesday, February 25, 2015 - 12:55
William Ronan, the first chairman of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, was memorialized on Wednesday by a plaque at the MTA's new board room and in remarks by Chairman Tom Prendergast and Ronan's daughter, Diana Ronan Quasha.
Friday, February 20, 2015 - 16:49
Whether you enjoy the penny slots or are looking to hit it big -- Resorts World Casino New York City has your game, and the Long Island Rail Road has a deal to get you to the fun. With 3,000 slot games to choose from, such as Wheel of Fortune® and Sex and the City, Resorts World Casino NYC is the only place in town for big jackpots. The casino also features 5,000 electronic table games, including Baccarat and Roulette.
Friday, February 20, 2015 - 09:21
The MTA's Weekender: The Way Around Weekend Work for February 20 - February 23
Wednesday, February 18, 2015 - 12:50
A quick-thinking train conductor helped New York police apprehend an armed man threatening customers on a 6 train on Tuesday afternoon, thanks to riders who saw something and said something.
Friday, February 13, 2015 - 09:42
The MTA's Weekender: The Way Around Weekend Work for February 13 - February 16
Thursday, February 12, 2015 - 11:58
MTA Trains and Buses Will Operate on Special Schedules in Observance of Presidents' Day on Monday
Thursday, February 12, 2015 - 11:09
The public can now vote on the app they think is best to improve the commute. AT&T and the MTA opened public voting in the App Quest 3.0 virtual challenge for New Yorkers to select their new favorite transit tool to win the $5,000 Popular Choice prize. The 43 new apps were designed to help improve commutes for millions of subway, bus and rail riders using real time MTA data.
Thursday, February 12, 2015 - 10:56
The Long Island Rail Road wants to help you with plans and savings during Presidents Week by offering affordable packages to NYC attractions that are just a train ride away. Enjoy quality time with the whole family with discounts to fun and educational attractions such as:
Friday, February 6, 2015 - 13:35
MTA Metro-North Railroad and MTA Long Island Rail Road are offering discount rail and admission packages to the upcoming Original LGBT Expo at the Jacob Javits Convention Center Saturday, February 28 and Sunday, March 1, from noon to 6 p.m.
Friday, February 6, 2015 - 13:17
Long Island Rail Road is offering discount packages to the upcoming Original LGBT Expo at the Jacob Javits Convention Center Saturday, February 28 and Sunday, March 1, from noon to 6 p.m. Tickets are on sale beginning February 15, 2015.
Friday, February 6, 2015 - 09:32
The MTA's Weekender: The Way Around Weekend Work for February 6 - February 9
Thursday, February 5, 2015 - 15:45
East Side Access for Long Island commuters is moving another step ahead. The MTA has awarded a contract to GCT Constructors, JV, a joint venture consisting of Schiavone Construction Co. and John P. Picone Inc., to build the future Long Island Rail Road concourse at Grand Central Terminal. The $404.8 million dollar contract, which with options could increase to a total of $428.9 million, was awarded after a competitive request for proposal process that drew nine other firms.


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4 Of The Worst Season Passes In 2 Minutes
Caught up in all the Arkham Knight controversy, Lucy calls out other season pass offenders like Evolve, Destiny, and Titanfall.
Caught up in all the Arkham Knight controversy, Lucy calls out other season pass offenders like Evolve, Destiny, and Titanfall.
Metro: Last Light Redux, Saints Row 2, and Darksiders also coming to GOG.com.
If you're an Xbox Live Gold subscriber, that is.
14 days of spring bundles, with Deep Silver getting involved first.
Two more free games coming to Xbox Live Gold subscribers next month.
Payday, Ninja Gaiden Sigma Plus, and Unit 13 also available.
We paid tribute to THQ and their divisions by streaming some of their awesome titles. Take a look at some Saints Row: The Third.
Struggling publisher files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and has entered into asset purchase agreement
THQ president Jason Rubin reveals open-world action game reaches new sales milestone, though unclear if figure is sold through or sold-in.
THQ says it is evaluating the costs and benefits of Linux, following consumer feedback on the Humble THQ Bundle.
Beleaguered publisher's name-your-own-price drive closes with more than $5 million; $10,000 came from THQ president Jason Rubin.
[UPDATE] THQ offers a Humble THQ Bundle starting from $1; games include Darksiders, Company of Heroes and others; over $2.3 million generated.
This week's episode of Southeast Asia's best gaming podcast highlights the indie gaming development scene in Singapore.
This week we check out Halo 4, LittleBigPlanet Karting, Dragon Ball Z Budokai HD Collection, Mass Effect Trilogy, Saints Row: The Third - The Full Package, Midway Arcade Origins and ...
Saints Row: The Third - The Full Package includes all three downloadable mission packs and more than 30 bonus DLC items.
THQ to offer $50 DLC-bundled version of Volition's open-world action game later this fall for Xbox 360, PS3, PC; includes every weapon, vehicle, and outfit.
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I've read some a couple of suggestions that Jeff Bridges should play Wireman. Guess I saw it differently. I have Jeff Bridges as Edgar and had him since page one. I think of Jeff from "K-Pax" and "The Fisher King", and then at the beginning when he's frequently in hospital beds, I imagine long haired Bridges from "..Lebowski" and et cetera. Flows in my head easily. Someone's suggestion that Dustin Hoffman play Edgar appealed to me as well. Wireman I cast as Christopher Lee-- although I made him a bit younger than he currently is-- something between "The Wicker Man" and "The Lord of the Rings". And then Pam I cast as Natalie Portman, although reluctantly. But that's been working out for me okay. Miss Eastlake I'll probably surprise you on, as I casted the little old Taylor Mead. Old people are somewhat androgynous, was my thought, and who can do alzheimers better than Taylor Mead?
As far as directors, sure, Darabont. But I'd be okay with any number of choices. I think a talented director more used to another genre might do better making horror less conventional, more internalized, and so on. Sam Mandez maybe.


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RX, now in its third generation, is a software suite designed for repairing and restoring audio. You can use RX for real-time cleanup of dialogue, refining clipped or noisy audio, removing reverb from a recording and more. The beauty of RX is that it makes all of these tasks faster and easier than they've been in the past, which comes in handy when you're trying to meet a tight production deadline.
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