text:
Monday, November 28, 2011
narrative is distorting/the mechanism is what matters
Now: the first issue here is the claim that such a blackout exists. As Coates points out, the evidence for such a blackout that is presented amounts to the complaint of a single researcher, Dennis Garlick. The researcher is someone who could reasonably claim expertise on the issue, and he appears from my limited vantage to have an impressive resume. His claim, though, seems disturbingly unsupported. Whether or not research into IQ and heredity is being squashed is an empirical question. Coates links to a blogger who attempts to answer that question empirically, and while we couldn't call it scientific, I find it a sober and constructive attempt to find out the truth. The results seem to speak for themselves, but I can't know what goes on behind the scenes. I'm unqualified to say if Garlick is right, but as a consumer of research I also don't find his case compelling.
The fact that empirical inquiry cuts against the grain of what Sullivan and Garlick are claiming is resonant in the context of the race-IQ question. The "race realist" movement has always pushed a narrative where politics corrupts empiricism, but the movement's failures have primarily been empirical failures. When you strip away the endless paranoid conspiracy theorizing and the relentless flogging of the narrative, you get down to a robust set of data demonstrating differences in performance on IQ tests, then some fairly wild speculation about genetic causes. Over and over again, assertions about the genetic undesirability of black people involve making massive leaps from an observed phenomenon to a particular mechanism to explain that phenomenon, with dubious or nonexistent evidence to support those leaps.
It's true: a broad swath of research demonstrates that black Americans tend to perform less well on standardized tests of intelligence. This racial achievement gap is not adequately explained merely by controlling for socioeconomic status, as is commonly assumed, although adjusting for poverty does shrink it. There's no need to hide from that data, as those positing genetic determinism constantly accuse others of doing. If a connection between heredity and IQ can be discovered, it should be. (Measure what is measurable, etc.) But what empiricism requires-- not political correctness, not bleeding heart compassion, not even basic human decorum and civility, but cold-blooded rational inquiry-- is far more than the racial determinists have show us. The narrative they present is seductive, which is precisely why their insistence on narrative over the complicated and limited claims of science is disturbing. From my perspective, most people who assert racial genetic deficiencies seem remarkably disinterested in identifying specific mechanisms for the observed phenomenon. They instead seem primarily interested in flogging crude and reductive visions of our society and what ails it.
The rush to find genetic origins for any and all human phenomena has become so popular, particularly with the press, that the standards of evidence have eroded everywhere. Genetic or evolutionary speculation has become an obsession of our media, frequently undertaken without a shred of scientific credibility, and defined by faddishness and imprecision. Take homosexuality and genetics. I find it remarkable the number of educated people who I meet who assume, quite confidently, the homosexuality (in both men and women) is purely and straightforwardly the product of genetic predisposition. This is a politically palatable idea-- one might call it PC-- but it can't yet be proven, even conditionally. There are complications, such as the (controversial) older brothers hypothesis, which is important because it posits a mechanism that is non-genetic and yet nonetheless physiological in origin (and thus not "chosen"), as well as other evidence contrary to the assumed genetic origins of homosexuality.
But as it became politically important for people to insist that homosexuality is genetic, that insistence became more and more prevalent. Never mind that the dichotomy between "homosexuality is purely genetic" and "homosexuality is a choice" is flagrantly false, or that "they can't help it" is not a stirring cry for equality. Politics made the genetic origin necessary, so people believed in it. Indeed, it's hard for me to imagine a scenario where politics has more directly corrupted popular understandings of empirical questions than the widespread belief that we know for a fact that homosexuality is genetic. Yet curiously, I don't find Andrew railing against that assumption, or insisting on the supremacy of disinterested research, or leading the battle for more open-mindedness in the attempt to explain the origins of homosexuality. Perhaps we will identify specific alleles that determine sexual orientation; I wouldn't be remotely surprised. But jumping from observed phenomenon to the assumption of genetic origins of that phenomenon with limited direct evidence of a specific mechanism is unhelpful.
Compare these speculative genetic causes of low IQ or homosexuality to, say, genetics and sickle cell anemia. We don't have the presence of a human condition and vague talk such as "it's genetic." We have identified the particular gene, in a particular chromosome, that causes the condition. We know how the mutation changes protein structure, which leads directly to specific consequences in gestation that cause the negative health effects we see in people with sickle cell anemia. We identified the alleles responsible for specific phenotypic traits and demonstrated the connection scientifically. At every step, we have gone beyond "it's genetic," in regards to sickle cell anemia, specifically and constructively. We have identified the mechanism which causes the condition. That's the job of those who are dedicated to racial determinism: find the mechanism. Do your work. Show me the data. Nobody is going to feel sorry for you when you fail to prove your assertions.
My question for Andrew and others is whether my dissatisfaction with the assumption of genetic origins for the racial achievement gap is necessarily "PC," particularly when placed in context with our knowledge about genetic phenomena like sickle cell. Is the narrative so powerful that we couldn't merely be unpersuaded by the evidence?
Speaking as someone who is involved, for 14+ hours out of a typical day, in reading, researching, and learning about education and pedagogy, let me engage in understatement and point out that education and intelligence are remarkably mulitivariate phenomena. My continuing frustration with the ed reform crowd is how relentlessly reductive they are in discussing the origins of poor educational performance. Saying "it's those damned unions!" and accusing any dissenters of obstruction isn't just politically unfair. It's an incredible failure to soberly assess the depth of our problems and the complexities of their origins. Trying to isolate specific variables in education and intelligence research is incredibly hard. That's not politics. It's reality. To ascribe genetic origins without greater explanation of mechanism or the exploration of environmental factors which shape IQ is to engage in wild-ass speculation.
My own wild-ass speculation? The question of race and IQ will be answered in a way that is complex, rather dull, and totally useless for providing headline fodder for sensationalist publications like The New Republic or Slate. I wouldn't be surprised if a whole slew of factors, including poverty, exposure to lead, poor diets, parent educational background, the idiom tests are written in, neonatal health care, learning disorders, dyslexia and dyscalculia, lack of exposure to educational toys and games, low childhood reading loads, the persistence of syntactic immaturity due to parental modeling (my own academic obsession), and other environmental factors played a role. That doesn't even begin to untangle the web of what "black" means in terms of specific linear heritage, particularly since we are talking about a truly unique genetic history that has been conditioned by the rape and forced breeding programs that are common to chattel slavery. If I'm right and the origins of the racial achievement gap are revealed to be a stew of competing factors, it will make our job of closing the gap harder, but it will also hopefully blunt the words of those who ascribe vast social problems to the supposed inherent inferiority of our most oppressed group.
I chose the example of sickle cell anemia purposefully, of course. It's a condition that is generally found in those with sub-Saharan African lineage. What does that mean for American blackness? Is sickle cell anemia "inherent" in black people? Is there something essential about the disorder in black people? They're absurd questions. Yet they are of exactly the same character as claims routinely made about black people and intelligence. As I said, my unsupported speculation is that a large number of factors contribute to the racial achievement gap. It's possible that one of them is a genetic predisposition. If so, we'll need to know what genes are actually producing this trait, and how. Then what? If we find such a predisposition, does that make low intelligence "inherent" to blackness? Does it mean we send black people off on a barge? Is this somehow an insurmountable challenge to liberalism, or to our social policies?
Racial determinists say that they want rationality and then engage in hysteria. The first step in assessing these issues is getting to the truth of the matter, and their dogged insistence about what we know exceeds their evidence and thus hinders that pursuit of truth. They then dig deeper, insisting on a slew of negative social conditions that stem from these supposed genetic deficiencies. It isn't surprising where the conversation next turns, although those who embrace these ideas continue to feign shock when they find racists involved in race science. (I want to loathe Stephen Metcalf, but his prudence, intelligence, and fairness in this piece makes it impossible, I'm afraid. Seriously, read it.)
I find the case for racial determinism currently unpersuasive. I find the notion of a research blackout unsupported. I find the discussion of racial lineage and genetic diversity reductive. I find the description of a specific genetic mechanism nonexistent. I find the idea of essentialized blackness offensive. I find the suggested consequences unsupportable and the supposed policy responses laughable. And I find the case for egalitarianism, equal protection before the law, and the assumption of equivalent human dignity totally unchallenged, whatever the reality about the racial achievement gap.
Of course, I'm not without considerable biases, and I couldn't tell you that I have inhabited a space of pure rationality when confronting this question. But this narrative of a refusal to learn the truth due to political correctness, so self-aggrandizing to those who push it, is not credible and does not serve the cause of empiricism. The pursuit of the controversial for its own ends is as distorting as the avoidance of it, and nowhere is that more true than here. Many people have attempted to marshal the evidence for the race-IQ connection for quite some time. Rather than evidence, they keep bringing us the narrative. Remember that.
17 comments:
Hear, hear.
- November 28, 2011 at 4:17 PM
Am I the only one wondering about the limited range of this debate? I mean just the assumption that it is genetics OR environment seems a bit odd to me - i thought the idea of epigentics, the nterplay between genes and environment and the on- and off-switch of some genes etc. might have trickled down into the mainstream media and yet the debate still lives on - thinly disguised as a debate about about political correctness and the freedom of research...
I'm totally with Freddie's "wild guess" - the dull, complicated and no silver bullet offering "solution" will be wildly ignored. And yet every media outlet will pick the one factor that is supportive of its pre-exisiting view. And there will be headlines. And there will be debates and they will tune out the scientific results in favor of a belief. And that is not how good science is promoted. That's how it is ignored and, ultimately, killed - as only people who cater to beliefs will get funding for their research.
- November 28, 2011 at 5:32 PM
- Fake Herzog said...
Intelligence and the brain itself is too complicated (right now) to reduce to simple (relatively speaking) genetic mechanisms. But given the advances we are making, are you really convinced of your just so story above? Let's face it, we have plenty of evidence from history and adoption studies -- the reason black folks have lower IQs than white folks is partially genetic:
End affirmative action and help blacks excel at what they can do well (and stop freaking out about all the gaps because they ain't going away)!
- November 28, 2011 at 8:28 PM
What's odd about this topic is that the people who take the finding and run with it go straight to race. They never advance a race neutral policy of setting a school-or-gas-chambers cutoff for everyone. The race finding, not the IQ finding is what's important to them. Of course, they also ignore the fact that Koreans, Japanese, Ashkenazi and urbanites tend to be their betters by this metric.
- November 28, 2011 at 8:42 PM
Don't forget that all of this is predicated on a very narrow conception of intelligence in the first place. The notion that an IQ test is THE metric seems remarkably parochial. But then again, I use sociocultural theory to explain intelligence, so this whole conversation just troubles me in a Foucauldian kinda way.
- November 28, 2011 at 10:45 PM
- Paul said...
The whole piece is good; the last 3 sentences are a knockout.
- November 29, 2011 at 7:48 AM
Definable and measurable mental aptitudes may possibly exist, and if they do, genes probably help define their broad parameters, though not by 'expressing information' but through taking part in a developmental process. However, 'intelligence' most certainly does not exist. The concept is an illusion, one of our most cherished, right up there with the arbitrariness of the sound of words, and the culture:biology dichotomy. It's hardly unsurprising that, when a dominant and predominantly white social class seeks to discover who has the 'most' of it,they find themselves wearing the gold crown. If you can't bring yourself to lose the word, read one of the great neglected masterpieces of our age, The Perception of the Environment, by the Galileo of anthropology, Tim Ingold.
I like your polemical heat, Freddie, you are getting more concise and pungent with every post, but I would recommend you spend a few years reading out-of-print ethnographies, far from the buzz of the hive mind. You will come away infinitely enriched, and much better prepared to do battle against the endless spurious bullshit spouted by our prize-winning morons (i.e. paid-up intellectuals). I would do it myself but I have other fish to fry! Arm thyself with KNOWLEDGE, homie.
- November 29, 2011 at 9:07 AM
Don't forget that all of this is predicated on a very narrow conception of intelligence in the first place. The notion that an IQ test is THE metric seems remarkably parochial. But then again, I use sociocultural theory to explain intelligence, so this whole conversation just troubles me in a Foucauldian kinda way.
Foucauldian? Sheesh! Hey, the 1990s called, they want their French theorists back.
Look, the argument your are making is a very common one, but it shows a lack of understanding of what IQ tests are measuring. And I don't blame you, because most people conflate IQ with intelligence. No psychometrician, even Charles Murray, would claim that IQ tests are the sole measure of what we commonly understand as "intelligence," which encompasses a great variety of human abilities. I mean, we all know that a brilliant sculptor might not be able to solve a simple math problem, or that a brilliant mathematician may be too lazy to get a job.
What IQ tests are designed to measure is called "g", or "general intelligence." G rates your ability to solve abstract problems. The higher G score you have, the more complex problems you can solve. It turns out that G so consistently correlates with so many important outcomes in academics, military, jobs, economics, ect... and can be measured reliably across so many different kinds of tests (even tests with no words or numbers), and is so persistent throughout the human lifespan, that it is indeed a very useful metric to predict someone's ability to perform certain mental tasks.
The SAT, GRE, MCAT, LSAT, and ASVAB are all essentially g loaded IQ tests. Even the Wonderlic (which is used by the NFL) is an IQ test. If IQ weren't important, if it was just some arbitrary statistical artifact, then it wouldn't be so widely used throughout every phase of the educational system. There needs to be a reliable way to screen people's mental abilities, and g loaded IQ tests are very good at doing this.
As far as race & IQ, I just don't know much about it to make a judgement. The existence of a gap between Asian, white, and black IQ is not really up for debate. The etiology of that gap, however, is. The social psychologist Richard Nisbett ("Intelligence and How to Get It") acknowledges that IQ is a relevant and accurate metric of cognitive function, and that it is at least a partially heritable trait, but argues that there is no racial difference in heritability.
L'Hote gives the issue a very fair treatment. IQ probably results from a very complex mix of genetics and environment. In my opinion, it is just not worth obsessing over. Different people have different abilities. Get over it!
- November 29, 2011 at 5:38 PM
Sullivan is so overwrought, sometimes it's just unbearable. And I love that Mr. DeBoer retains an open mind on the subject, because not taking seriously pseudo-scholarly race bait authored by self-admitted cross-burners and built upon the 'work' of 'academics' that also represent institutions the Southern Poverty Law Center consider hate groups would be incredibly unscientific.
- November 29, 2011 at 6:18 PM
Some background on the fringe hate gr... err... research organization that has underwritten 'scientific inquiry' such as The Bell Curve and its source material:
"[Current President of the Pioneer Fund, Phillipe] Rushton and Jensen came to my attention when [Bell Curve author, Charles] Murray fingered them, along with Lawrence Summers, as the impetus for his new Commentary article. The two published a "comprehensive survey" of evidence supporting The Bell Curve this past June in the journal Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. Murray—who leans heavily on Rushton and Jensen's work both here and in The Bell Curve—identifies this survey as being the "strongest argument" yet made by race realists.
Rushton has been retailing the idea of black inferiority for decades, though in two distinct styles: In pseudo-legitimate journal articles, he sounds a very Murray-like note of scholarly disinterest; at avowedly racist conventions, in front of the likes of David Duke, he argues that white women's birth canals are larger than black women's, allowing white women to give birth to larger-brained babies. In his 1995 book Race, Evolution and Behavior—now a race-realist classic—Rushton argued that "Negroids" are underevolved in comparison with "Caucosoids," because Caucosoids, having abandoned Africa for colder climates 110,000 years ago, were forced to develop their "intelligence, forward planning, sexual and personal restraint." Negroids, meanwhile, are characterized by smaller brains, larger genitals, sexual license, and lower IQs.
Rushton's work reads like a parody of 19th-century race phobia dressed up as 20th-century science...
What is the Pioneer Fund? The Pioneer Fund was founded in 1937 by Harry Laughlin and Wickliffe Draper...
...As superintendent of something called the Eugenics Record Office, Laughlin's testimony before Congress helped pass the Immigration Restriction Act of 1924. ("The Jew is doubtless here to stay," Laughlin confided to his associate Madison Grant, "and the Nordic's job is to prevent more of them from coming.") Meanwhile, as editor of the Eugenical News, Laughlin was an avid admirer of the German racial and sterilization policies being pioneeredunder Adolf Hitler. After Hitler signed the Law for the Prevention of Defective Progeny, Laughlin wrote an editorial praising Germany as one of the "great nations of the world" for its recognition of the "biological foundations of national character."...
...Draper obsessed over the "dysgenic" degeneration of America's Nordic stock. In late August 1935, Draper traveled to Berlin to attend the International Congress for the Scientific Investigation of Population Problems. Presiding over the conference was Wilhelm Frick, the reichminister of the interior who had administered the Nuremburg Laws. (Frick was hanged in 1946 for his crimes against humanity.) There Draper's travel companion and Laughlin's colleague and official conference surrogate Clarence Campbell delivered an oration that concluded with the words: "The difference between the Jew and the Aryan is as unsurmountable [sic] as that between black and white. … Germany has set a pattern which other nations must follow. … To that great leader, Adolf Hitler!" Three years later, when Draper paid to print and disseminate a book titled White America, a personal copy was delivered to Reichminister Frick.
Draper remained on the board of the Pioneer Fund until he died in 1972. A recent official history of the organization, produced in-house, describes him glowingly as "distinguished or aristocratic, tending toward the chivalrous," and as a disinterested funder of disinterested science. The book also praises Laughlin"
- November 29, 2011 at 7:01 PM
- Fake Herzog said...
Last Anonymous,
Oh no, we all might get cooties from the Pioneer Fund!
You rock. Another excellent treatment of the subject can be found here:
- November 29, 2011 at 9:31 PM
An excellent post, as usual. But I find a logical flaw. Your reasoning seems to be as follows:
(1) There is some evidence that there are social pressures on scientists not to research particular questions.
(2) Some scientists are using incomplete data on precisely these questions to make unwarranted claims (intelligence/homosexuality is heritable).
So, if the problem is that the current state of research doesn't justify the claims, shouldn't you be calling for much more research? You challenge the theorists you disagree with to prove the specific mechanism for heredity and intelligence, but surely you must know that doing so requires large amounts of funding. Which, according to many sources is not forthcoming.
Put more simply, you can hardly blame the heritable-intelligence people for not being able to prove a proposition that they are not being given the resources to prove. Can you?
- November 30, 2011 at 6:10 AM
Fake Herzog,
Thanks, that's a great primer on g, though I have to confess some of the math is over my head.
One thing I think people don't understand is that, person to person, a few IQ points may not make a huge difference. For instance, the difference between a neurosurgeon with 130 IQ vs a 140 IQ may come down to traits like fine motor skills, emotional intelligence, and work ethic. The surgeon with a lower IQ may perform better.
But statistically, a few IQ points difference *at the population level* can make a HUGE difference. This is where it is worth exploring where these IQ difference come from. If we can raise average IQ a few points by reducing the parasite load in say, Cameroon, that may have a profound impact on the quality of life for the average Cameroonian (although this would be a very, very long experiment).
The way I see it, there are 2 main hypothesis, in a nutshell:
Hypothesis A:
Human Biodiversity: "IQ measures cognitive ability, which is a biological function. The distribution of IQ varies between populations, and it is a partially hereditable trait."
Hypothesis B:
Human Neuronal Uniformity: "IQ measures cognitive ability, which is biological function. The distribution of IQ varies between populations, but the distribution is entirely a function of the environment."
Given what I know about biology and statistics, Hypothesis A seems more likely, although the "race realists" could conceivably use it to push a dangerous political agenda.
- November 30, 2011 at 2:47 PM
It's hardly unsurprising that, when a dominant and predominantly white social class seeks to discover who has the 'most' of it,they find themselves wearing the gold crown
... But that didn't happen.
- December 1, 2011 at 1:36 AM
But what empiricism requires-- not political correctness, not bleeding heart compassion, not even basic human decorum and civility, but cold-blooded rational inquiry-- is far more than the racial determinists have show us. The narrative they present is seductive, which is precisely why their insistence on narrative over the complicated and limited claims of science is disturbing. From my perspective, most people who assert racial genetic deficiencies seem remarkably disinterested in identifying specific mechanisms for the observed phenomenon.
Which researchers are you referring to? Which papers? What "narrative"? I think Rushton and Jensen's 2005 review, for example, is an exemplary piece of empirical research. They present ten different lines of evidence in favor of the thesis that the black-white IQ gap is largely genetic.
In fact, it is Jensen and his collaborators who have always been the ones interested in empirical research, whereas their detractors have relied on lachrymose narratives about racism, slavery, Nazism, etc. Similarly, when Sullivan pointed out that there are racial differences in IQ and they should be studied, everyone's attacking him as a racist and Nazi, while you claim that he is an irrational hysteric. You are proving his case.
There are very few researchers engaged in research along Jensen's lines, and there's very little funding available for this research. There have been attempts to shut down even the meager sources of funding they have, mainly the tiny Pioneer Fund. In light of this, it's remarkable how strong a case the hereditarians can make, and how the anti-hereditarians have failed to pinpoint the environmental factors that supposedly explain the gap despite all the political support and funding they have.
There should be more research on race and IQ, and there are methods that could potentially give a definitive answer. But the sort of research that would further the debate requires large sample sizes and massive amounts of genetic sequencing. Who's going to sponsor such research?
Is sickle cell anemia "inherent" in black people? Is there something essential about the disorder in black people? They're absurd questions. Yet they are of exactly the same character as claims routinely made about black people and intelligence... we'll need to know what genes are actually producing this trait, and how.
No, they're not comparable traits. Sickle cell anemia is a simple monogenic disorder, whereas intelligence is a complex trait influenced by hundreds or more genes. It's absurd to claim that nothing can be said about the genetic basis of intelligence differences before we know all the causal variants and how they function. See Rushton and Jensen's paper above for details.
And I find the case for egalitarianism, equal protection before the law, and the assumption of equivalent human dignity totally unchallenged, whatever the reality about the racial achievement gap.
Who doesn't?
- December 1, 2011 at 7:20 AM
- keatssycamore said...
As long as folks are posting explanations of g, here's a debunking:
The Myth of G:
"... the case for g rests on a statistical technique, factor analysis, which works solely on correlations between tests. Factor analysis is handy for summarizing data, but can't tell us where the correlations came from; it always says that there is a general factor whenever there are only positive correlations. The appearance of g is a trivial reflection of that correlation structure. A clear example, known since 1916, shows that factor analysis can give the appearance of a general factor when there are actually many thousands of completely independent and equally strong causes at work. Heritability doesn't distinguish these alternatives either. Exploratory factor analysis being no good at discovering causal structure, it provides no support for the reality of g."
- December 1, 2011 at 11:16 AM
Here's a 2010 point-counterpoint paper between Nisbett and Rushton/Jensen. You can decide for yourself whether the pure environmentalist or the genes+environment model makes more sense.
Greg Cochran:
"Like the Chinese and Indians, some ethnic groups show mediocre results in their benighted homelands and better results in Western countries. On the other hand, other groups do poorly everywhere. People whose ancestors are from sub-Saharan Africa produce very few scientific papers – on average – no matter where they live. This is also the case (to a lesser extent) for mestizos from central and South America, for Filipinos and Malays, and most of the Indian castes. You don't see much out of the Middle East, either - although Armenians are an exception, and there may be others. Interestingly, Armenians were generally thought (by themselves and others) to be smarter than the average bear back in Byzantine times."
- March 30, 2012 at 4:48 PM


text:
Courses: Microfinance: Theory, Practice and Challenges (ECONH206B01)
Spring 2012
An exploration of microfinance as an alternative approach to meeting the financial needs of the poor and, ideally, to assist in their current and future well-being. The course will provide theoretical explanations for its methodology, evaluate empirical research into its impacts and debate important issues in its practice.
Prerequisites: None
Fulfills: SO I Limit:25
Taught By
Meeting Times

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Call Toll Free No:1-800-399-7845 to order over the phone.
CarSteering offers Chevrolet Monza Power Steering Gear Box with the highest quality. This item is Power Steering Gear Box -Remanufactured and will ship Today and Ground shipping over $50 is free. The price is $175 and has a $200 core charge. Power Steering Gear Box weights approximately 29.1 pounds and has a 12 months Warranty. Need a new coupler- Normally $85 we offer it with this gearbox for $55. Part 85-70002. Disc Brake Conversion -Normally $700 - just $495 with this part There are no Tech Notes.
If you are looking for other parts please use our New Part Search for full catalog.


text:
The Thistle and Shamrock
Host Fiona Ritchie's program comes to listeners from Perthshire, Scotland, weaving music with Celtic roots into a richly entertaining program. 5 p.m. Saturday on the Music Station.
5 p.m. Saturdays on the Music Station
On The Thistle & Shamrock®, award-winning radio host Fiona Ritchie explores evolving music from Celtic roots in Europe and North America. You'll hear well-established and newly emerging recording artists along with in-studio guests, all surveying familiar territory and leading you to more distant landscapes and genres.
Thistle is your weekly bridge between the established architects of Celtic roots music and the rising generation of musicians. Fiona is fascinated by the place where this music meets the world, so you can expect to hear her investigate its influences in World and contemporary music too. Beyond that, have no expectations in particular. Just wait and see where the music takes you. For information on each week's program visit:
and click "New Radio Playlists" for artist and song information.


text:
Crain's Data Center
MBA Program DirectoryAn alphabetical directory of Chicago-area MBA programs. Published Aug. 25, 2014.HTML ViewTop 5 onlyPDF Download26 records, $25.00EXCEL Download26 records, $45.00$599
PACKAGEThe Crain's Unlimited Research Package includes access to every list in Excel format (PDF and HTML where available).
EXCEL DOWNLOAD example>>>
An alphabetical directory of Chicago-area MBA programs. Published Aug. 25, 2014.Fields included in the MBA PROGRAM DIRECTORY product:NOTE: Some records may not contain data for every field listed below.
- University
- Zip code
- Average undergraduate GPA
- Business school
- Phone
- Average GMAT
- Address
- Web site
- Acceptance rate
- Suite, unit, etc.
- General school e-mail
- Average job placement rate
- City
- Dean of MBA program
- Average age of students
- State
- Total tuition to obtain degree in full-time program
- Percentage of male students
- Zip
- Total tuition to obtain degree in part-time program
- Percentage of female students
- Phone
- Total tuition to obtain degree in executive program
- Percentage of minority students
- Website
- Total tuition to obtain degree in online program
- Concentrations
- General e-mail
- Total MBA program enrollment
- Recruitment
- Address
- Executive program enrollment
- Graduate business degrees offered
- Suite, unit, etc.
- Online program enrollment
- Dean of MBA program: (First name, Middle name, Last name, Title)
- City
- No. of full-time students
- State
- No. of part-time students
PDF DOWNLOAD example>>>
HTMLTop 5 records only | $0HTML PREVIEW view list in HTML>>>


text:
Latest Episodes of Now Playing
DC Universe Online: The War of Light - Now Playing
Kevin VanOrd is joined by Jens Andersen to talk about DLC9 "The War of Light".
Broken Age Act 1 - Now Playing
Justin Haywald is joined by Double Fine's Tim Schafer to talk about Broken Age Act 1!
The Banner Saga - Now Playing
Tom Mc Shea starts his epic role playing Viking saga in this episode of Now Playing - The Banner Saga.
Nidhogg - Now Playing
Watch as GameSpot editors fight to the (digital) death in this new indie battle-fencing game!
Now Playing - Starbound
Tom and Kevin take to space to try Starbound on early access.
Now Playing - Rust
Shaun and Tom try to survive and overcome hunger, wild animals, and bandits in Rust.
World of Warplanes - Now Playing
Kevin VanOrd takes a look at the latest update for World of Warplanes!
7 Days to Die (Alpha) - Now Playing
Aaron and Chris try their hand at this open world, voxel based, horde survival game.
Max: The Curse of Brotherhood - Now Playing
Tom Mc Shea is joined by the developers at Press Play to get his hands on Max: The Curse of Brotherhood.
Super Smash Bros. Brawl ProjectM 3.0 - Now Playing
Peter Brown and the GameSpot staff install the latest Project M mod for SSB, and beat the crap out of each other for your amusement.
Hex: Shards of Fate - Now Playing
Maxwell McGee is joined by Cory Jones, CEO of Cryptozoic Entertainment to get an updated look at the Trading Card Game / MMO - Hex: Shards of Fate.
Insurgency - Now Playing
Kevin VanOrd is joined by New World Interactive's Jeremy Blum to demo the beta for Insurgency.
Battlefield 4: China Rising DLC - Now Playing [Highlights]
Chris and Aaron take on the newest DLC for Battlefield 4!
Now Playing: Disney Infinity adds Wreck-It Ralph and Frozen Characters
Kevin previews holiday figures for Disney Infinity.
Final Exam - Now Playing
We jump into some 4 player bloody action with Final Exam!
Resogun - Now Playing
Carolyn tries her hand at Resogun, an intense fast-paced shoot em' up coming exclusively to the PlayStation 4.
Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag - Now Playing
Kevin VanOrd swashbuckles his way though some Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag.
Battlefield 4 - Now Playing
Chris and Aaron get into some Battlefield 4 - and you know... die a lot.
LEGO Marvel Super Heroes - Now Playing
Kevin Van Ord and Chris "new guy" Barylick MiniFig themselves for a little LEGO Marvel Super Heroes action.
The Stanley Parable - Now Playing
We take a look at the full version of The Stanley Parable and try to figu88888888888888888888
The Last of Us Abandoned Territories Map Pack - Now Playing
Chris Watters and Ryan Mac Donald revisit The Last of Us multiplayer to check out the new Abandoned Territories Map Pack DLC.
The Stanley Parable (Demo) - Now Playing
Caro and Tom check out The Stanley Parable HD Demo.
Dungeon Defenders II - Now Playing
Shaun is joined by the guys from Trendy Entertainment to walk through Dungeon Defenders II
Path of Exile - Scion Class and New Updates - Now Playing
Erick is joined by Chris Wilson of Grinding Gear Games to show off a new class, new monsters, and new areas in Path of Exile.


text:
- Detail Images
- Videos
If you're tied in, your stove should be too. Head to the steepest terrain with the Jetboil Hanging Kit for your PCS stove.
Sometimes you just can't find a place to set down your stove, so Jetboil made the Hanging Kit to support your PCS stove from a single point and make life in the vertical a bit easier. This 1.9-ounce hanging system suspends your Jetboil stove from your portaledge on a big wall climb or at your minimalist alpine bivy. The stable Hanging Kit also prevents spills and keeps you from accidentally knocking your stove from a ledge that's 15 pitches up your multiday climb.
Share your thoughts
What do you think of the
Jetboil Hanging Kit
? Share a...
Grant Kates
Jetboil Hanging Kit
Cory D
How To!
A lovely video showing how to attach your hanging kit to your jetboil.
Does this work w/ the sumo
Does this work w/ the sumo
Arthur Debowski
It does indeed work with the Sumo.
michael geyer
- Gender: Male
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
Just got it and it's just what the doctor ordered.For those vestibule cooking fans on a snowy cold day or night huddled in a tent.
Dave Schultz
Winter Must Have
This is 100% bomber for winter camping. Nothing is better than setting up your tent and jumping in your sleeping back and then making all the water from the confines of your toasty warm bag and tent.
MSR Reactor stove
This is supposed to work with the MSR Reactor stove as well. I havent tried it, but im gonna. See (with picture):


text:
On Sunday, September 18, 2011 at approximately 2:00 a.m. on private property about 7 miles east of Antlers, near Dozier Road and HWY 3 an injury incident occurred.
A 2011 Polaris Ranger 800, being driven on a private driveway by Daniella Lea Williams, went over a bump causing the driver to lose control of the vehicle. The vehicle then overturned 1 1/4 times throwing both the Williams and passenger from the vehicle. The Polaris came to rest with Williams pinned underneath the drivers side.
The Honobia Bigfoot Organization received an Oklahoma Arts Council Grant in the amount of $500.00. These funds will help defray the cost of the art show and entertainment for this years festival to be held September 30 and October 1, 2011, at Christ 40 acres in Honobia, Oklahoma.
The Honobia Bigfoot Festival has something for everyone such as an Art Show, Arts & Crafts, Food Booths, Live Entertainment, Games for the Children, 5 K Run, Pictures taken with Bigfoot, Bigfoot Story Telling and a Bigfoot Conference.
Coming off of a loss last week at the hands of the Savannah Bulldogs (55 to 29), the Bearcats showed early in the first that they were here to play as they drew first blood. Unfortunately the Bearcats lost Friday's non conference game against the Atoka Wampus Cats by a score of 46-26.
On Saturday, September 17, members of the Pushmataha County Sportsman Club concluded their 2011 bass tournament schedule with the Annual Top Ten Tournament. The tournament was held on Sardis Lake. The Top Ten Tournament allows the top ten anglers of the year to compete against each other in this final event. Those competing this year were Ellis Silvey, Billy Hensley, Terry Thurman, Judd Thomas, Billy Latham, Josh Cole, Mike Burrage, Jon Tucker, Dennis Willeford, and Kenny Briggs.
Leon Black was born October 31, 1925, in Soper to William F. and Rosa Ganuary (Kiser) Black. He passed from this life September 12, 2011 in Antlers at the age of 85. Leon's family was tenant farmers around the Soper area. He began grade school at Atlas, and their final move was to Nelson where Leon entered the fourth grade with Ms. Damon Antwine, (Roger later had her in first grade), and they were able to purchase a farm of their own. Leon completed high school in Soper where he took courses for flight navigator, but he failed the military physical because of his heart murmur.
On August 27, 2011 Perry Canon of Team Uprising defeated his opponent (A. Lopez) in the 190 lbs weight class at the Golden Pong Casino's "Thunder Rumble" MMA event in Okemah, OK. Perry knocked out his opponent with a right hook only 5 seconds into the first round. Perry, now 1-0, will fight again on October 29th at the Golden Pong Casino along side his teammates of Uprising Martial Arts in Antlers: Brandon Fuller, Curtis Dillishaw, Oscar Smith, Terry Tennon and Coaches Kevin Clark and Jacky Noah.
Attempts are being made to see what can be done to save the giant old Red Oak tree that lives in the Antlers Elementary School playground. The Red Oak is thought to be the second largest Red Oak in the State of Oklahoma and has shaded playing school children for many years. Forester Chirs Joslin of the Oklahoma Forestrty Service, Mark Bays - OKC Urban Specialist and the Superintendent of Antlers Public Schools, Cary Ammons, are shown making an evaluation of what needs to be done to save the tree.
Once again it is time for the Pushmataha County Free Fair. The fair will take place from Wednesday, September 14th until Saturday, September 17th. Indoor entries will be accepted Wednesday, September 14, 2011 beginning at 10:00 a.m. until closing at 6:00 p.m.
On Thursday, September 15, 2011 all baked goods and fresh flower arrangements must be entered by 9:00 a.m. and then the Exhibit building will be closed until after the judging is completed.
All livestock must be entered by 12:00 Noon on Thursday, September 15.
The 2011-2012 Rattan Rodeo Queen has recently been crowned. The new Queen is Cassidy Courtwright. The 2011-2012 Rattan Rodeo Princess was named Jaylel Gorden.
The Rattan Rough Riders Pivot Team 2011-2012 members are: Eli Jones, Morgan Bond, Albert Fowler, Lindsey Hedrick, Dakota Renfro, C.C. Rosson, Rhonda Greenhaw, Cassidy Courtwright, Haley Williams, Molly Holder, Anjelica Smith, Tessa Bond, Hanna Courtwright, Coaches: Teresa Hobbs-Ross, Sandy Benzine and Secretary Cameron Boling and Tommie Jones.
Photos courtesy of LaDonna Gibson-Coberley.


text:
The World Archaeological Congress (WAC) is a non-governmental, not-for-profit organization and is the only representative world-wide body of practising archaeologists. WAC seeks to promote interest in the past in all countries, to encourage the development of regionally-based histories and to foster international academic interaction. Its aims are based on the need to recognise the historical and social roles as well as the political context of archaeology, and the need to make archaeological studies relevant to the wider community.
WAC is an international forum for discussion for anyone who is concerned with the study of the past. WAC holds an international Congress every four years to promote: the exchange of results from archaeological research; professional training and public education for disadvantaged nations, groups and communities; the empowerment and support of Indigenous groups and First Nations peoples; and the conservation of archaeological sites.
WAC publishes the books from this Congress in the One World Archaeology Series. WAC also hosts Inter-Congresses on specific themes, publishes an international refereed journal, Archaeologies, and a number of other book series. Major programs include Archaeologists without Borders and Global Libraries.
Previous WAC Congresses have been held in England, Venezuela, India, South Africa, the United States and Ireland. Patrons for these events have included Prince Charles (WAC-1), Nelson Mandela (WAC-4), Harriet Fulbright (WAC-5) and Mary Mcaleese, President of Ireland (WAC-6).
Our registration number as a not-for-profit in the USA is: WAC 501(c) (3) 52-2294579 074000010 697011369
About WAC Languages:
Chinese (中文)
星期六,2009年5月30日 10:29
世界考古学会(The World Archaeological Congress,简称WAC)是一个民间组织的非营利机构,也是世界范围内职业考古学家的唯一代表团体。WAC着眼于提升各国对'过去'的兴趣,以推动地方性历史研究的发展,并建立国际间的学术互动。其主要目的在于,强调考古学的历史、社会角色以及政治内涵,推进考古学与公众的联系。
我们的非营利机构注册编号(美国)为:WAC 501(c) (3) 52-2294579 074000010 697011369
最后更新:2009年11月2日 星期一 01:24
Welcome to the WAC Student Committee website!
The WAC Student Committee (WACSC) aims to provide representation for all student members within WAC, through which student participation in international academic debate and practice can be fostered and developed. The WACSC considers student participation to be important as it is an opportunity to network and share research interests with other student and professional members of WAC. The Student Committee seeks to achieve its aim by:
1. Encouraging student membership from different regions around the world;2. Liaising between students and other WAC members at Congresses and other WAC events;3.Establishing a network of communication and debate amongst student members of WAC and the wider WAC community;4.Encouraging and organising student participation in academic events within and outside WAC;5.Advocating for financial support for students in relation to their participation in academic events organised by WAC.
1. Encouraging student membership from different regions around the world;2. Liaising between students and other WAC members at Congresses and other WAC events;3.Establishing a network of communication and debate amongst student members of WAC and the wider WAC community;4.Encouraging and organising student participation in academic events within and outside WAC;5.Advocating for financial support for students in relation to their participation in academic events organised by WAC.
Members of the WACSC are: Jimoh Ganiyu Adedeji (Nigeria), Aadil Brar (India), Kate Ellenberger (USA), Paris Ferrand (Mexico), Alejandro Figueroa (Honduras), Marta Lorenzon (Italy), Maram Mafulul (Nigeria), Jacqueline Matthews (Australia), Jordan Ralph (Australia), Sepideh Saeedi-Arcangeli (Iran), Courtney Singleton (USA), Heather Winters (Australia)
Chair of WACSC: Kate Ellenberger (USA)Vice-Chair of WACSC: Jacqueline Matthews (Australia)Student Representative to the WAC Executive: Maria Florencia Becerra (Argentina)
To contact the WACSC, write to:firstname.lastname@example.com
The WACSC manages the following social media pages: The WAC Students Forum (on Facebook)WACSC Facebook pageWACSC Twitter account
Scroll down or click to learn more about:1)The History of the WACSC2)WACSC Activities3)WACSC Statutes4)WACSC Members' Bios
History of the WACSCThe WACSC was established and announced in June 2006, after encouragement from Peter Ukco and the work of Stephanie Moser, Chris Wilson, Ines Domingo, Tim Ormsby, Margaret Rika-Heke, Sven Ouzman, and Edith Thomas. The committee was subsequently made an official WAC Standing Committee in August 2006. The first official meeting of the WACSC was held during WAC-6 in Dublin, which ran from 29 June to 4 July 2008 (Click here to see photos). At the WAC Assembly meeting during WAC-6 (1 and 3 July 2008), the position of the Student Representative on the WAC Executive Committee (the governing body of WAC) was officially institutionalised. The current Student Representative to the Executive Committee is Maria Florencia Becerra. The WACSC members present at WAC-6 proposed a resolution concerning International Field Schools, which was successfully adopted at the WAC-6 plenary session on 4 July 2008. The text of the adopted resolution can be seen here. ==============================================================WACSC ActivitiesWAC Student Writing and Poster CompetitionsIn 2010 the WACSC established the WAC Student Writing Competition run annually, and the WAC Student Poster Competition run at each WAC congress (click for details). Sponsored Sessions at WAC CongressesThe WACSC works to support student professional development and stimulate discussion about students' roles in the discipline by sponsoring sessions at WAC Congresses and Inter-Congresses. So far, we have sponsored the following sessions (listed in chronological order):
Coordinating Volunteers at WAC CongressesStarting with WAC-6 in Ireland, WACSC has coordinated student volunteers under the supervision of the Congress Organizing Committees. The help provided by student volunteers helped make both WAC-6 and WAC-7 successful, and in return they were given assistance to attend the congress. During WAC-6, 14 student volunteers from 6 countries gave their time; during WAC-7, 54 volunteers from many more countries participated. We will continue to support and organize student volunteers for each WAC congress, so that more students can attend and contribute to these events. ==============================================================WAC Student Committee StatutesAt WAC-6, we held our first official meeting with WAC student members. At this meeting we discussed the draft statutes of the WACSC, these were later amended and formally adopted. This document describes how WACSC business is conducted, including the election and organization of members. Click here to view a PDF copy of the statutes. ==============================================================WACSC members (as of May 2012)Aadil Brar (India)I am an undergraduate student majoring in anthropology at University of British Columbia, I am originally from India and am studying here as an international student. My area of inquiry is Southern Asia; I have participated in archaeological excavation and exploration in the north western region of India, and recently at the Indus Valley archaeological site of Ropar. My interest in archaeology is the inquiry of cultural typology and classificatory analogies used for archaeological cultures in Southern Asia, and also the anthropology of technology. I am interested in assessing the entangled impacts of colonial processes on Southern Asia and discourses that have been created about perception of past. At present I am working towards furthering an understanding about how regional archaeological methods have been successful in creating new paradigms independently from 'Euro-American' archaeological tradition and how scholars need to further their work drawing analogies from an 'emic' point of view to better realize the internal temporality of a culture.Kate Ellenberger (USA) - Chair I am an archaeology PhD student at Binghamton University (SUNY) where my focus is community-based archaeology. So far I have brought together threads of archaeological practice such as Geographic Information Systems, remote sensing, and feminist archaeology in my efforts to engage descendant communities in the research process. I am most enthusiastic about crafting research methods to address the present and past contexts of the archaeological materials I analyze. My dissertation project will be related to the practice of community-based archaeology in the Northeastern United States. I look forward to learning from other students, scholars, and stakeholders involved in WAC.Paris Ferrand (Mexico)The archaeological research for my master is about peoplement of the Americas. I excavated a site at Veracruz, Mexico. My personal interests are about the paleolithic artifacts, but also the paleoenviromental reconstruction. I also applied the geoarchaeological techniques. As WACSC member I help at the committee activities, and make the diffusion about it at Central America and the Caribbean region. I am member of the WAC since 2008.Alejandro Figueroa (Honduras)I am a Ph.D. student at the Department of Anthropology at Southern Methodist University, in Dallas, Texas, born and raised in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. My research aims to better understand how Paleoamerican populations moved around and adapted to the landscape and environment of the central western highlands of Honduras. I believe that by studying how these populations moved across the landscape we can better understand how they used and adapted to the land, colonized the continent, and defined and marked a particular area or space as their own. Beyond the ability of my research to yield valuable data about the early peoples of Central America, I consider public outreach and community participation a fundamental component of my career. With this in mind, I have strived to develop and support mechanisms and processes whereby local communities can assist in the preservation and promotion of their cultural heritage, all while upholding national and international principles and laws. It is my hope that as a representative of the WAC Student Committee I can share my experiences and, more importantly, learn from those of others, as well as encourage students and archaeologists from my region to do the same.Marta Lorenzon (Italy) I have been working as an archaeologist and a conservator since 2005. I am specialized in Near Eastern and Mediterranean Archaeology and I hold a B.A. and M.A. in Archaeology from the University of Florence (2007), a MSc in Cultural Management from the European School of Economics-University of Buckingham (2010) and an advanced certificate in Conservation of Historic Buildings and Archaeological Sites from the Columbia University (2012). I worked in Italy, Spain, Syria, Israel, Egypt, UK, Russia, South America and US both as archeologist in the field and as a preservationist. I specialized in the preservation of archaeological buildings in mudbrick and stone as well as funerary practice in the Bronze Age. I am now pursuing her PhD in Archeology focusing on preservation of archaeological buildings, new visualization techniques in archaeology and new interpretation tools (GIS and 3D).Maram Mafulul (Nigeria)From Plateau State, Nigeria (WASC Representative for West Africa), I am a masters student in the department of archaeology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Kaduna Nigeria. My thesis is on African Iron Age with emphasis on "Bloom Refining and Creation of Rock Hollows in the Ancient Metallurgy of the Jos Plateau. Outside my thesis, I am involved in a freelance research on "Effects of Modern Architecture and the Extinction of Crops on the plateau: An Archaeological Perspective".Jacqueline Matthews (Australia) - Vice-ChairI am an honours student at the University of Queensland. My current research is investigating the lithic technology of a Pleistocene aged rockshelter, Nawarla Gabarnmang in Jawoyn Country, Arnhem Land, NT. This research feeds into broader questions about how technological change has been characterised and studied in Australian archaeology. Following the completion of my honours degree I plan to continue with a similar line of research, principally concerning lithic technology and Australian prehistory, in a PhD or MPhil. In addition to my involvement in the WAC student committee, I am also the Membership Secretary for the Australian Archaeological Association and have worked in that role to enhance our membership base and foster greater student engagement in the archaeological community.Jordan Ralph (Australia)I am an Honours student with the Department of Archaeology at Flinders University. I am also President of the Flinders Archaeological Society, a student group at Flinders and Student Representative of the Australian Archaeological Association. Through these roles I have facilitated social and academic interactions amongst Australian archaeology students. The focus of my Honours research is on contemporary graffiti and ethnographies of three Australian Aboriginal communities in Jawoyn country. This study explores the role that governmental policy and social strategy has played in contemporary human behaviour, with a focus on intra-group versus inter-group messaging in mark-making practices. The results of my research demonstrate that graffiti as it is practiced in Jawoyn communities today is more closely related to an ongoing cultural tradition of landscape-marking than it is to the contemporary graffiti expressions often found in urban settings. This is evidence for thestrength of cultural continuity in Jawoyn country, even at a time of major government intervention.
Sepideh Saeedi-Arcangeli (Iran)I am currently a PhD candidate at SUNY Binghamton. My current research focuses on domestic practices and their role in the process of community constitution during the beginning of urbanization on the Iranian plateau. My main interests are the prehistory of the Near East in general and specifically the prehistory of Iran, micro-archaeology and its uses in tracing down domestic practices, theories of community constitution and Feminist archaeology. I received my B.A. and M.A. in Archaeology from the University of Tehran. I was the director of the "Dialogue Among Civilizations" society in the University of Tehran for one year. The aim of this society is to facilitate the engagement of the Iranian students with related intellectual international discourses and their collaboration with their counterparts in other countries. I am also a member of the Society for Iranian Archaeology. Courtney Singleton (USA)As a PhD student at Columbia University my research currently focuses on the contemporary archaeology of homelessness in urban environments. I received my Masters in Applied Anthropology from the University of Maryland in 2012, where I conducted collaborative archaeological research with homeless residents at the Davidson Street Bridge Encampment in Indianapolis, Indiana. In 2010, I received an undergraduate degree in anthropology and geography at Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis (IUPUI). Throughout my undergraduate training at IUPUI my research and academic work focused on post-contact urban archaeology addressing social justice issues surrounding race and class. Collaboration, relationships between local and global perspectives, and activism are at the center of my archaeological research interests. Heather Winter (Australia)With expertise in developing culturally appropriate exhibition and education frameworks with Ngarinyin Aboriginal elders, we have developed the cultural concept Mamaa The Untouchable Ones from Cave to Canvas which covers the intellectual copyright of Ngarinyin clan estates to the Wanjina and Gwion Gwion rock art galleries North West Kimberley Australia. My interest is to work with the community through their creativity to address their aspirations of creating artwork that acts to protect their cultural heritage through developing culturally appropriate protocols and community governance. Through converging archaeology with art, the Mamaa collection was put together to assist the Ngarinyin elders focus to preserve their traditional culture. The fieldwork involves intensive collaboration working with the Ngarinyin as experts in their culture. With 15 years of expertise in Ngarinyin cultural immersion learning about their customary law; a key focus of my interest and work with the Corporation is to develop cultural heritage resource management using strategies of Indigenous knowledge systems and governance to protect the copyright of their rock art sites. My interest lies in working with Indigenous communities to assist them to create a proactive platform to engage in the issues addressing conflict experienced by the Ngarinyin regarding their Intellectual Property rights through examining the impact of colonial naming, interpretation and appropriation in relationship to the Wanjina/Gwion/Bradshaw figures. How do Western concepts of intellectual property, land ownership impact on Ngarinyin culture, their human rights and future claims to such inheritance on their ancestral lands? What are the key elements of successful, equitable resolutions of cultural and intellectual property rights issues, and what examples exist of how to translate these into workable policy and protocols?


text:
Amanda Stratford is a wedding photographer in Melbourne, Florida.
Amanda specializes in Brevard County and Orlando weddings, but has traveled throughout the United States and beyond for her wedding couples.
Please contact us for a quote on wedding photography outside of the central Florida area.
All photos on this website are copyright protected.


text:
|177 posts found
Spotlight Poster
Joined: 9/11/05
Originally posted by Urko
I didnt feel any more alone in TOR than I have in other MMOs. Could have been that I was playing with friends a lot of the time. But as someone said in another thread, it's easier to play these games with friends going in than having to make friends in the game a lot of times.
Although I like the mob experience DEs give, it doesn't really feel like a group. It feels almost in-between playing with other players and npcs...everything just becomes so chaotic with the overflow of action and lack of chatter amongst people. It's a neat feature, but I'm not sure it's going to be the final solution to the grouping issues prevalent in MMOs these days.
But the grouping/social decline in MMOs as of late I think has more to do with the genre itself going mainstream and being less of a roleplayers' niche than really a design issue.
Still enjoying the game, but I'm sure in several months time there will be a good percentage of the community saying this game was "fail" or it lacked in other ways. It's the over-hyping of these games that really turns the community sour.
Login or Register to never see this panel
Novice Member
Joined: 8/15/08
Originally posted by hikaru77
And haters are predictable. Of course only fans of the game will be playing. Would you expect haters to make up the majority of the player base? Can you truly be that obtuse?
Joined: 9/14/05
I played swg back in the day (precu)...watched SWTOR since it was only a rumor....followed it through and played beta...bought the CE...and i can say GW2 may be a theme park...but I'm already having way more fun than i did in swtor.
While I don't see GW2 sinking as fast as SW:TOR (no sub with GW2), it will struggle in the same areas that so many of the previous modern MMORPGs have.
GW2 is a really well put together game. It lifted all the things that worked in WOW, Warhammer, Rift, etc., and put a spit shine polish on the product. Well done ArenaNET
With that said....you're STILL running kill quests. You're STILL running escort quests. You're STILL running collect quests. You're STILL getting chained along with quests, that serve as the primary vehicle improve your situation in the game.
For those that haven't played this kind of game for the last 7 years.....it's an amazing game, and should hold your interest for quite a while. However, if you've been on the Linear progression MMO ride since the beginning of WOW.......the shiney wears off rather quick. The repetitiveness & same tired progression model smacks you in the face after only playing for a few days.
Novice Member
Joined: 10/09/04
"Next time i log in SWG ill probably see elves and druids"
Originally posted by RajCaj
yeah, a quest is a quest no matter how you put it. but instead of being boring like most MMOs do it, they have found an inovative way to make the same kill 20 creatures, bring this person here, collect 20 badges into an eventfull event.
not only that. they have made it so you AUTOMATICALLY group up for those "Quests" so you are not soloing your game.
the proof that they are in your group, blow your horn (call of nature?) and see that EVERYONE around you doing the same quest will get the buff.
so Anet has found 1) a way to make your Quests less tedious and more enjoyable 2) grouping with players that feels like you are in a group working with people, but at the same time not forcing you to interact with them (yeah figure out that logic but its true fact) and 3) a vast polished world with very good replayability in the PvP and the PvE world.
Joined: 5/21/08
Originally posted by Squal'Zell
I like youre #2 point and think its something a lot of people overlook about the game when theyre comparing it to stuff like WAR PQS. In WAR, You could form an entire Warband and go do a PQ. But guess what.... like 3/4 of your buffs, as well as your group heals only effect your particulary party. So youre groupe dup with 24 people, but really it only counts 6 of you as being together and your support skills only apply to them.
Runepriest / Zealot buffs are only useable on party member, not even able to use on your warband
Guard only works on Party members, not Warband
Damage buffs from classe slike Sorc / BW only work on party, not wb
AP regen buffs from classes like shadow warrior and witch hunter only work on party, not warbands
In GW2 they allow you to use all this type of stuff to suppor tnot only your own party, but everyone in the area.
Advanced Member
Joined: 3/28/07
Originally posted by Squal'Zell
You have not played warhammer and rift, War have something called ¨open party system¨, and Anet found a way to let the players ¨BOT¨on the DE, or just make some macro and afk, thats fun.
Novice Member
Joined: 4/14/12
Originally posted by RajCaj
I'd just like to point out that Frodo and company went out on a quest, there were some collecting involved, a few escorts, some rescues and not to mention a whole heap of killing.
Seriously every story breaks down into some form of basic tasks.
Novice Member
Joined: 8/15/08
Originally posted by hikaru77
They found a way to let players bot on the DE? Really? Or are they banning people who bot? Might I suggest that you, as a GW2 hater, learn more before you make up things? What is fun is reading your many posts throwing shit at the wall and hoping it sticks. The more you post the less informed you look and the more clear your status as hater is evident.
Originally posted by Squal'Zell
I've noticed that the folks around you tend to share buffs and target the same monsters you're fighting...but thats about the extent of it. There are no coordinated activities. Given the auto targeting system in this game.....all I had to do in one of these DE group quests is spam my main & secondary attack button....and make sure I was with the heard, so that I wouldn't be singled out.
When I think of fun grouping in a MMO....I think of a coordinated team effort (player 1 CCs a monster while player 2 off tanks another, while player 3 main tanks the group of remaining mosters, while player 4 & 5 apply damage) What I've seen so far in GW2 DE PQ / Rift events is just a chaotic mass buff / mass burst damage everything in sight. It's streamlined grouping into more of a convienence thing than an opprotunity to work as a strategic unit.
Again, for folks that haven't been playing these type of linear progression MMOs for the last 7 years, the auto grouping feature of GW2 is very nice....and allows more players to complete more quests in a shorter amount of time. But for folks that have done this (in one shape or form) a thousand times, all the streamlining & added convienence just boils down the questing experience even faster to the realization that your just chasing the carrot.
I haven't experienced everything there is to do in the game yet....but from my early observation, it feels the same to me as when I played Rift for the first time (after playing WOW for several years)
Originally posted by meari
And how did LOTR MMO work out? heh
Seriously though, a quest is a goal to work towards.....and should mean something to you. Frodo & company embarked on an epic quest that took a long time to complete, and had consequences of epic porportions.
Modern MMO quests are miniscule and offer a few pieces of copper or a piece of trivial gear.....and you can do dozens of them in one sitting.
The idea of questing is not the problem....the burn out is! When I played Ultima Online, there really weren't any quests. You made your own personal goal / quest. Mine was to own a house. It took me months of getting my characters abilities up to a point that I could actually start turning a profit from hunting....and then after I saved long enough, I could afford my first casa. Then my quest changed....I wanted to decorate it with all kinds of rare items.
When your quest is personal, and takes a long time to complete.....all the things you do in between seem less like your being lead around with a carrot, and more like a meaningful set of tasks to achieve some ends that you put a lot of value into.
Just my opinion anyways...
Novice Member
Joined: 8/28/05
Originally posted by RajCaj
So you were basically a parasite? Every class has some support ability, buffs, conditions or debuffs. Using them helps the whole group. At the very least a player can revive others. Yet you who are complaining about a lack of coordination, was of no benefit to the group and was just there to suck up xp and karma?
Originally posted by Ryowulf
Take it down a few notches champ lol
In the particular instance i talked about, there were so many people working on the DE that I barely had time to get in 1 or 2 shots on a monster before it was burned down. Which is exactly my point......all the damage was overkill. The tactics required by the group working on the DE was essently spam attack abilities.
Again, no coordination required.
Advanced Member
Joined: 6/11/05
Boo ....
Will the rosy eyed fans soon realize that Guild Wars 2 is nothing more than the latest iteration of the standard themepark model, as was SWTOR? Will the servers begin to show the lack of players resulting in server merges? Will GW2 become old news as the next "latest iteration of the standard themepark model " sets a release date and starts the cycle all over?
You can count on it. Over and over again........... I like to think "Woot! No sub fee!" However, sub fees are soon to be a thing of the past. Only a Panda would pay a sub fee ...........
Hard Core Member
Joined: 1/25/12
I'm only playing the role chosen for me. Who you supposed to be?
Originally posted by Nadia
Novice Member
Joined: 10/12/08
Originally posted by stratasaurus
You guys really need to be spoon fed don't you? I wonder what would have happened had anet never placed the hearts in game. Which I truly wish it hadn't.
Novice Member
Joined: 4/14/12
Originally posted by RajCaj
Then you're looking for a sandbox. You know GW2 is going to be a themepark, so why complain? Do you go to EVE and complain about a lack of crafted storyline?
Each is different and targets different groups. While I admire what EVE and AA are doing/trying to do, those are not games I will ever play because they're not for me.
Edit: Also, what made Frodo's quest epic and the DE chains in GW2 not? Which part about what I said that they had to collect, escort, kill things is incorrect? According to your standards, Frodo's quest is just the same thing.
Hard Core Member
Joined: 1/25/12
I'm only playing the role chosen for me. Who you supposed to be?
Originally posted by Hairysun
I disagree. GW2 is a themepark but plays completely differently than SWTOR. That is a very important point. Without going through all of the changes, the major one that is obvious is you can EXPLORE GW2. You cant do that with SWTOR. Its a corridor, quest hub-based game. The major difference is the way SWTOR plays is very similiar to EQ2 which is very similar to Vanguard which is very similiar to Rift. Down to the hotbar and tab targetting. Playing GW2 does not evoke memories of any of those games based on the action (yes tab targetted) combat. Calling them the same just because both are themeparks is too generic to present a valid argument.
I dont know if GW2 will lack a healthy player base. Honestly its very polished well made game that delivered on what it promised. Will the playerbase subside? Of course. The game just launched. I would presume those who rushed to max level, expected it to be 'the one', couldn't get over the lack of trinity, and those who simply disliked the game for personal reason will leave. This will show a definite decline in the base but one that should be expected (for any new game or MMO that launches).
Longevity is another question we cant answer one week+ into launch. To me it will come down to how often content is released as well as the updates ANet may have planned to keep the game fresh. But they no doubt have a solid foundation to easily build from.
Hard Core Member
Joined: 1/25/12
I'm only playing the role chosen for me. Who you supposed to be?
Originally posted by grimal
I guess the emphasis here is everyone feels something different when playing GW2. For instance, when I experience a DE I feel like it is a group experience. But then again I disliked the grouping mechanic is most other MMOs. Does that make me wrong?
In terms of grouping/social, to me its just a reflection of the times. Grouping was big in older MMOs partly because it was new. It was great to play with someone else who was across the network and not on your couch. Then it became a way to meet people and develop an online community. I feel those days are (unfortunately) past. Grouping today from my experience is about completing content either with friends or because it was developed to be done in a group. What I find interesting is even though the reason for grouping changed. The way we group remained the same.
Where GW2 added value (to me) was the whole concept of not having to group (technically) to group. If I want to run with a stranger to take on some mobs. I dont have to 'select' anything. I just start fighting with that person. Something so simple, but you wonder why it was not ever implemented prior. If I, or the other person doesnt want to 'group' we simply go our separate ways. Done deal. I dont need to 'talk' to someone to group with them. Their actions speak for them. Again nothing to do in the interface.
Now Im aware there is a group mechanic that is closer to what we are used to in the past, but the point is the other option exists for those who enjoy to leverage it... myself included.
Advanced Member
Joined: 2/10/08
Originally posted by RajCaj
How did LOTRO work out? Pretty dam# good if you must ask. They are releasing another expansion next month, this expansion had the most pre-orders since Moria. LOTRO is a very healthy game with one of the best communities and worlds of any MMO out today. So hope that answered your question.


text:
PhD Hyfi Full Zip (Men's)
In Stock Product Number: 38719
You can't stop the wind but you can run right through it in this PhD HyFi jacket. Nylon facing and Merino lining combine for ideal warmth and wicking. The stand collar and full zip cover your bases.
Gender: Men's
Season: F13
Vendor ProductId: SP628
Review ProductId: 38719


text:
College Tours: Where To Eat Near Brigham Young University
Provo may not be a well-known travel destination to those who aren't familiar with Brigham Young University (BYU). It's biggest draw (besides education) are the Cougars. However, once people make the drive to Provo and experience the quiet beauty, majestic mountains, and unlimited outdoor activities, it becomes a destination for more than education and and sports. More


text:
Style # 226903
AVAILABILITY: Unavailable for immediate shipment.
With structured seaming and lightweight bodycon fabric, these BEBE SPORT stretch capris are raring to go! Style with a strappy stretch camisole and a pullover hoodie to achieve comfy-chic cardio style.
- 80% nylon, 20% spandex
- Machine wash
- Made in USA
- Rise: 7" (18 cm), inseam: 8" (20 cm), leg opening: 10" (25 cm)
- Model is 5'9" and is wearing a US size S
Rated 5 out of 5�by 3 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5�by TheMandavas Good Perfect fit..! I bought this recently and I really really liked it.. January 11, 2015
Rated 5 out of 5�by mcge1580 Thumbs up for these I love the color of these pants. They fit really well and can go with a ton of items. Definitely a great work out choice if you want to look good doing it too. April 6, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5�by Chrisb Super cute pink capris Love the tie up draw string with the elastic waist. I ordered the top too looks so cute together. Can't wait to get outside for runs in this outfit. Fits perfect. I will definitely order from this company agin. Shipped very fast! March 21, 2014
1-3 of 3


text:
The product is a DVD drive emulator, so it will work on the new D3 version 2 drive and any upcoming DVD drives. confirmed wbfs format compatible
Using the WiiKey Fusion
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
Forum Rules


text:
Let us know. We DO Listen.
Visit us again to see if your comments are posted!
The Miami Sightseeing Tour has been specifically designed to show you the best that Miami has to offer. You can enjoy it all from the comfort and great vantage point of our open-top buses; or hop off wherever you like to explore the places that intrigue you most before hopping back on to continue your journey with us. You will see all the most thrilling and attractive areas such as: South Beach, Downtown Miami, Coral Gables, Coconut Grove, Little Havana and more. You will see iconic buildings and monuments like the Freedom Tower, Vizcaya Museum and the Versace Mansion, not to mention the sleek shapes and vibrant colors of the Art Deco District. All aboard to see Miami!
The Beach Loop:
The Beach Loop will take you from Central Station along the scenic Macarthur Causeway and all the way around the island of Miami Beach. Enjoy the stunning views across to the islands and towards the imposing skyline of Downtown from the causeway, then marvel at Washington Avenue, Collins Avenue and Ocean Drive as we cruise alongside the palm trees and show you the best that South Beach has to offer. Departs daily 15-20 minute departures from Central Station between 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Las Bus Departs at 4:30 PM. Full Loop: 90 Minutes
Beach Stops:
The City Loop:
The City Loop departs from Central Station and takes you to see all the most alluring districts of mainland Miami: Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, Little Havana and the grandeur of Downtown Miami. Millionaires' Row, Venetian Pool, the Biltmore Hotel, Freedom Tower, the County Courthouse and Vizcaya Museum... all this and more awaits you as you as you explore the City Loop. Departs daily 15-20 minute departures from Central Station between 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Las Bus Departs at 4:30 PM. Full Loop: 90 Minutes
City Stops:
Tour Inclusions:


text:
A new parent and celebrity favorite and great gift that will be used and treasured for many years. Cotton flannel is the #1 choice for USA hospitals to swaddle newborns - baby soft, lightweight and breathable, 42 inch square with signature trim. Optimum size & shape for swaddling and much more. Multi-use and versatile - sunshield, playmat for tummy time, privacy throw for breastfeeding. Easy to follow swaddling instructions sewn on the edge of the blanket. Designed by a nurse and winner of multiple awards.
Department: Children'sStyle: SD-412SC


text:
DYE Winners from WCPPL Event #2 @ Vegas Xtreme Paintball Park » _Royalty2
This entry was posted on Monday, June 3rd, 2013 at 4:50 pmand is filed under . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
Skip to Main Content »
By creating an account with our store, you will be able to move through the checkout process faster, store multiple shipping addresses, view and track your orders in your account and more.
If you have an account with us, please log in.
Checking "Remember Me" will let you access your shopping cart on this computer when you are logged out
* Required Fields
© Fly Shop Closeouts at Fishing The Cape. All Rights Reserved. Website designed by Cape Cod Ecom, Inc.


text:
Thursday, June 27, 2013
As the school year came to a close, Marrington Elementary School celebrated Children's Book Week. Students dressed as their favorite character from a children's book. Above, Marrington School Principal Barb "Ladybug Girl" Webber is surrounded by Pretty Princesses and one Puppy from Mrs. Moehller's Kindergarten class
The Gazette is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. We expect our readers to engage in lively, yet civil discourse. We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. Responsibility for the statements posted lies with the person submitting the comment, not The Gazette.
If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click "report abuse" and we will review it for possible removal. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.
© 2015 The Gazette an Evening Post Industries company. All Rights Reserved.
Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service, Privacy Policy and Parental Consent Form.


text:
I bought some new fabric. I'm trying to get out of my comfort zone with the fabric buying. I always tend to buy boyish retro prints. So here's some girly additions, some I'm just restocking, and the Wee Play on the bottom is the binding for my quilt that someday I'll finish. Its so nice to be by multiple quilt shops here. In Cleveland there is nada.
Last year I bought this chair at a garage sale for $2.00.
I finally got it painted and made into the perfect naughty chair for Grandpa and Grandma's house. Not that they will ever put him on it. That's my job. He's been so unbelievably spoiled here I'm pretty positive he's going to be a little hellion when we get home to Cleveland. Not looking forward to that.
I'm think I inhaled my fair share of black mold while sanding this chair down. Not that it can be any worse than me drinking 28 cans of Diet DP since I've been here. Actually its Diet Dr. Thunder….cheap Walmart style. What are you guys doing this weekend? Here in Poulsbo, WA we have Viking Fest. Its quite the shin-dig with a parade and all.


text:
Professor, Senior Faculty
Education: BA, MA and Ph.D., State University of New York, Albany
Assistant Professor
Vance Byrd is an Assistant Professor of German at Grinnell College. Professor Byrd is a scholar of nineteenth-century German literature who writes on topics relating to media studies,... See this person's full profile
Assistant Professor
Having studied in Germany, Spain and the US, I received my PhD in Germanic Studies from the University of Texas at Austin. A specialist in 20/21st century German film, ethnicity and... See this person's full profile
Professor, Senior Faculty