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Questions & Answers
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Get answers from real customers and in-house experts with AnswerBox.
Q:Can I use this product on my dog?Asked on 7/14/2015 by Veganemily from Schenectady, ny
1 answer
A:Since we don't test our products on animals, I cannot give you an answer to how your pup will react to the product. Hope this helps :)Answered on 7/14/2015 by Anonymous
Q:I am thinking of purchasing Trichomania for my frizzy and thick hair. What is the best conditioner to use with it?Asked on 6/3/2015 by Ash
2 answers
A:Retread is one of our best conditioners for thick hair! It is very smoothing, and adds nutrients where it is needed!Answered on 6/7/2015 by Anonymous
A:This shampoo is so moisturizing that I didn't use any conditioner. I have curly hair that sometimes gets frizzy and it did great with this! Seanic is my favorite of the shampoo bars, but I did like this one! Hope that helps.
Thank you,
Morgan Kay BrunetAnswered on 6/5/2015 by Anonymous
Q:What should I do if this product already dried out my hair?Asked on 1/4/2015 by Curly haired girl
2 answers
A:Hi there! Thanks for your question!
I would recommend using Retread Conditioner after you use Trichomania. :)Answered on 1/17/2015 by Anonymous
A:I wouldn't use it everyday then, maybe once a week? Or make sure to use a good conditioner after!
Sent from my iPhoneAnswered on 1/4/2015 by Anonymous
Q:Does the scent linger in the hair? If so for how long and how strong?Asked on 5/28/2014 by Curious
5 answers
A:No, the scent goes away when you rinse your hair. Also, if you condition your hair, the conditioner will most likely mask its light/natural creamy coconut fragrance.Answered on 10/22/2014 by Riz from Daytona Beach, FL
A:It keeps hair smelling great, but there won't be an overwhelming scent! After the shower the scent tend to dissipate and won't be as strong and if you leave your hair up when it's still wet the scent tend to stick around a little longer. I also find that if you blow dry your hair the smell is a little fainter, but it lasts a little longer than just air drying it!Answered on 9/12/2014 by Anonymous
A:It depends, what else you use. For example, if you use Coolaulin conditioner, and very subtly-scented hair mousse & spray (or none at all), the scent will linger for a good five to six hours, but it will be subtle. However, if you use an overpowering conditioner (like Happy Happy Joy Joy, which is very freshly fragrant), and/or a very fragrant foam/spray/styling product, then no, it will not be noticeable.
To keep this scent, I like to use the Coolaulin conditioner with this shampoo, and then Coconut powder sprinkled on the roots of my hair after blow-drying (it is a deodorant powder, but it works really well to absorb excess oil on roots and give volume).Answered on 6/7/2014 by Anonymous
A:If you put your hair up when damp and then take it down later - the scent
is still there! Also, if you blow dry it, it tends to take the scent out...
;(Answered on 5/31/2014 by Anonymous
A:It's not a super strong scent. Your hair will just smell clean. Not totally like coconut all day. I'm actually not a fan of how the bar smells straight out of the box but it smelled better once I started using it. It's not 100% coconut. There's some other smell. But it's light and doesn't stick. I do recommend it. It cleans well and does what it says.
Sent from my iPhoneAnswered on 5/28/2014 by Anonymous
Q:What tin is the best size/shape to store it in?Asked on 3/24/2014 by lilbluegirl
2 answers
A:The most important thing with our solid shampoo is to keep it out of water and to let it dry out completely between uses. Because of its irregular shape, our body butter tin would probably be the best storing method out of the tins we provide, but you may have to trim it a bit.Answered on 3/25/2014 by Kayla from LUSH DIRECT
A:I got the square tin. It works well it's kinda hard to fit in the first time but shrinks down after usage!
Sent from my iPhoneAnswered on 3/24/2014 by Anonymous
Q:Isn't Sodium Lauryl Sulfate bad for your hair and health? and yet it is still in this product...
And what are the rest of the foreign sounding ingredients? I can not click on them.Asked on 2/9/2014 by jinz from United States
2 answers
A:Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is not bad for the hair. It is a surfactant (or lathering agent) which helps remove dirt and build-up that could be damaging your hair. All of the other ingredients now have clear definitions online, so hopefully you will be able to clearly read what they do and why we include them. Briefly, most are either an emulsifier (help water and oil mix in order to thoroughly clean the hair) or a surfactant (substances used to lower the surface tension of a liquid, which then allows easier spreading of product and helps to emulsify it). The emulsifier/surfactants are Glyceryl Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, and Soya Lecithin. The other ingredients are conditioning agents, and some work as both: Soya Lecithin, Stearic Acid, and Lauryl Betaine.Answered on 3/28/2014 by Kendra M from LUSH Direct
A:I got nothing. But the shampoo in question is great for my hair.Answered on 2/10/2014 by Nanote from Upstate NY
Q:Does this product work well with color treated hair? Also, what conditioner works well with this shampoo?Asked on 5/12/2013 by Kristina from NY
2 answers
A:Yes, Trichomania has worked wonders on restoring my color treated hair back to health. It has only eight ingredients which is great, because unlike other drug store brands that have a ton of (unnatural)ingredients that may overwhelm your already fragile hair, Trichomania is a simple and effective way to cleanse and restore your hair's health. You've heard it a million times-Blousey is the only shampoo Lush specifically makes for color treated hair, but Trichomania is a great solid/cheaper alternative.Answered on 10/22/2014 by Riz from Daytona Beach, FL
A:Trichomania is a nice one for color treated hair, as it is very gentle and shouldn't affect the color. Coolaulin, which is part of our retro line, is a popular compliment to Trichomania in both scent, and purpose!Answered on 9/25/2013 by Melissa S from LUSH Direct
Q:I have fine hair that gets oily. I'm thinking of getting this to use in pace of shampoo+conditioner, as kind of an all-in-one? I know it's super moisturizing, but anyone have good results using it that way and cutting out the heavy conditioners?Asked on 6/5/2012 by Anonymous
2 answers
A:I find with Trichomania, for most hair types a conditioner is still very helpful. If you're worried about it being too heavy, I find the Veganese has the lightest finish.Answered on 6/12/2012 by Megan from LUSH
A:Go for it. It didn't leave any residues :)Answered on 6/18/2012 by EmMorningstar from San Diego
Q:I have naturally straight hair, but I have a lot of hair so it's thick. It's always so fluffy and dry looking. Would this product be good for my hair or is it only for African Americans and curly hair?Asked on 1/23/2012 by Anonymous
19 answers
A:I think this will definitely tame your locks. It works amazing on dry, and fluffy hair, not just black American, or curly hair. Try a piece, I bet you'll love it from the instant you start rubbing it in...Answered on 3/5/2012 by Long Island Lushie from NYC
A:LUSH's Trichomania is made with creamed coconut to add moisture to dry hair. By moisturizing that deeply, curly hair can be better controlled. This product is not race specific, it works well for anyone with dry hair.Answered on 1/26/2012 by Community Answer from None
A:This product will work wonders on any one that has thick hair of any kind that needs that extra control. My hair is wavy, thick and extra fluffy, so I need something to control the frizz and weigh it down. This shampoo is ideal. It smells great, lathers up good and left my hair feeling really clean and super soft. Give it a try!Answered on 1/26/2012 by MeliQ from Buena Park, CA
A:Trichomania would be perfect for you! I've got some pretty fluffy coarse hair for a caucasian girl, but this stuff works miracles. It's not super greasy like a lot of smoothing products are, so you don't need to worry about that. It's basically just a wonderful moisturizing shampoo, so it'll knock out the poof and the dryness.Answered on 2/9/2012 by Panda! from A cornfield, Nebraska
A:I have naturally straight hair as well and this shampoo worked wonderfully for me. I don't see why it wouldn't work for you as well. (:Answered on 2/16/2012 by Jessica from Charlotte, NC
A:It's moisturizing which is why it is so beneficial to African American hair and curly hair but by no means does that mean it can't help your hair, I say give it a go!Answered on 3/7/2012 by Curly Q from Los Angeles, CA
A:I think that you should give it a try. Everyone has different hair types, like curly/straight, but there are other factors to consider. Like you have thick hair, but is it oily, or dry? Trich works best for normal-dry hair. And the smell is wonderful (natural coconut). It has a creamy lather, too. And it is MUCH more gentle than over the counter shampoo. My hair is curly, but the hairs are fine in some places and thicker in others. The thing is, my hair is VERY DRY and when my hair is semi-dry, this is pretty good. (I can't use this though, when my hair is driest). So, If you are not too oily or too dry, then this will probably please you (If you like the smell of coconuts). This works great w/ American Cream, just to add :)
Hope that helps.Answered on 3/12/2012 by :) from Maryland
A:I have wavy hair and it works like a dream. I have thicker hair as well and this product really made it manageable. Go for it, and you'll love it as much as I do. its for sure not only for African American hair, so don't worry. =]Answered on 3/18/2012 by Lux from Providence, RI
A:I think this would probably work for you. I have straight to wavy hair that gets dry in the winter. I don't shampoo every day because it dries out my hair too much but using this every 2-3 was perfect.Answered on 3/24/2012 by Krissy from PA
A:I have super thick (summers in Phoenix are hell on my head) slightly wavy hair that's always frizzy. Well, it was until Trichomania came and saved my hair and mind. I think it would be excellent for your hair issues, it's definitely not just for African Americans and curly haired individuals.Answered on 4/10/2012 by Page from Phoenix, AZ
A:I have thick straight hair too and I love this product. I find that it leaves my hair in really good condition. I could almost leave out using a conditioner.Answered on 4/17/2012 by Girl with the super straight hair from USA
A:I have slightly wavy hair, a lot of it and VERY thick, and this is definitely a good product for me, so I assume it would be for you, too. It's definitely not just for PoC with thick, curly hair. My wave is very slight and varies from day to day (some days, straight). This is a good product, definitely go for using it.Answered on 4/24/2012 by Ruthi from Oregon
A:I definitely recommend this for dry/fluffy hair. It's gentle to where your hair isn't over dried, but is strong enough to still clean it. The coconut oil in this also helps keep moisture within the hair.Answered on 4/26/2012 by Megan from Milwaukee, WI
A:My hair is straight-wavy and VERY think, and this is the best product I've ever used for my hair. It should be perfect for you!Answered on 5/8/2012 by Arthur from Florida
A:I'd use it- it made my straight hair super soft and shiny. It'd probably be great because your hair is thicker.Answered on 5/10/2012 by Alaisa from New York, NY
A:The coconut in this shampoo is INCREDIBLY moisturizing as it penetrates into the core of the hair shaft. I'd definitely give this product a try as the coconut will moisturize your hair and help to weigh it down a bit. My best friend has straight thick hair and she also uses this one and adores it. Good luck!Answered on 5/13/2012 by Becs from LA, CA
A:I have naturally straight hair and I use this product every day!! It is really great for any type of hair! :)Answered on 5/21/2012 by Sam Blam from San Diego, CA
A:YES! My hair is thick and straight as well and I love it! Certainly give it a go. I don't personally need a conditioner with this, but you mentioned your hair is dry so you might want one to go with it.Answered on 6/3/2012 by dameliac from Easton, Connecticut
A:This product is suited to all hair types as the creamed coconut and coconut oils are extremely hydrating and softening. We just find it works exceptionally well for curly, dry or frizzy hair. It will help to restore the hairs moisture and leaves hair with a nice, healthy gloss.Answered on 8/30/2012 by Anonymous
Q:Is it ok to use on colour treated hair?Asked on 1/19/2012 by Anonymous
1 answer
A:This product is not officially designated as color-safe, but because of the extremely gentle ingredients, many people who have color treated their hair have used it and had a lot of success with it. The coconut really helps to nourish and protect the hair, and the gentle cleansing helps to prevent the color from being stripped.Answered on 7/13/2012 by Laura from LUSH
Q:how long does this particular bar last, on average?Asked on 1/9/2012 by Anonymous
2 answers
A:Depends on the length of your hair. I got a small chunk, roughly an inch thick, an inch wide, and 1.5 inches long, and it lasted me almost a month on my short hair (and that's after working up a great lather). If anything, ask for a sample with your next purchase and see for yourself.Answered on 1/17/2012 by Alec from California
A:It will last between 60-80 washes provided the bar is allowed a chance to dry after each use. I'd recommend keeping it in a well-draining soap dish to help it last longer.Answered on 1/13/2012 by Megan from LUSH


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Featured Session: Now That you have their Attention.....
Teaching Across the Content with the CCSS in Mind
KEYNOTE: David Shepard, National Middle School Association (NMSA)
Featured Speaker: Tamara Rhomberg, Literacy Consultant
The eighth annual Middle School Conference sponsored by the Middle Level Professional Educators Partnership (PEP) will be held at the Harre Union on February 7, 2012. Keynote speaker, David Shepard will begin the day with his opening session, Regarding School Reform - The RE's of Success. Followed by a Featured session with Tamara Rhomberg, Now that You Have Their Attention... Teaching Across the Content with the CCSS in Mind. Several additional topics will be offered in the morning and afternoon sessions.
Crafting Meaning Responses_Rhomberg
Core Studies Initiative_Schmidgall


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Markets react to UK downgrade by doing basically nothing
by Alex Hern Published
We've said again and again and again that credit rating agencies have very little economic effect, and Friday's downgrade of Britain from Aaa to Aa1 rating is proving that to be the case yet again.
The UK government's cost of borrowing, as you can see in this chart via Sky's Ed Conway, is already back at the level it was before the downgrade — and actually lower than it was when markets opened on Friday:
Image: Bloomberg
The pound, meanwhile, is stable against the dollar and only slightly down against the Euro. In the context of its yearlong drop, that's a positive:
Image: Thompson Reuters
So long as Cameron and Osborne are prepared to ignore the message the downgrade sends — and let's be clear, despite the economically incoherent reasoning Moody's give, the message is that austerity has failed — the markets will continue to respond with a deafening "meh".


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This Week in Digital Downloads - On Fire Basketball, a Forza 4 Demo, and More
This week, we feature NBA Jam: On Fire Edition, Orcs Must Die, Crysis, and a Forza Motorsport 4 demo.
This week, we feature NBA Jam: On Fire Edition, Orcs Must Die, Crysis, and a Forza Motorsport 4 demo.
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SWAPCACHE(8) DragonFly System Manager's Manual SWAPCACHE(8)
NAMEswapcache -- a mechanism to use fast swap to cache filesystem data and meta-data
SYNOPSISsysctl vm.swapcache.accrate=100000 sysctl vm.swapcache.maxfilesize=0 sysctl vm.swapcache.maxburst=2000000000 sysctl vm.swapcache.curburst=4000000000 sysctl vm.swapcache.minburst=10000000 sysctl vm.swapcache.read_enable=0 sysctl vm.swapcache.meta_enable=0 sysctl vm.swapcache.data_enable=0 sysctl vm.swapcache.use_chflags=1 sysctl vm.swapcache.maxlaunder=256 sysctl vm.swapcache.hysteresis=(vm.stats.vm.v_inactive_target/2)
DESCRIPTIONswapcache is a system capability which allows a solid state disk (SSD) in a swap space configuration to be used to cache clean filesystem data and meta-data in addition to its normal function of backing anonymous memory. Sysctls are used to manage operational parameters and can be adjusted at any time. Typically a large initial burst is desired after system boot, controlled by the initial vm.swapcache.curburst parameter. This parame- ter is reduced as data is written to swap by the swapcache and increased at a rate specified by vm.swapcache.accrate. Once this parameter reaches zero write activity ceases until it has recovered sufficiently for write activity to resume. vm.swapcache.meta_enable enables the writing of filesystem meta-data to the swapcache. Filesystem metadata is any data which the filesystem accesses via the disk device using buffercache. Meta-data is cached globally regardless of file or directory flags. vm.swapcache.data_enable enables the writing of clean filesystem file- data to the swapcache. Filesystem filedata is any data which the filesystem accesses via a regular file. In technical terms, when the buffer cache is used to access a regular file through its vnode. Please do not blindly turn on this option, see the PERFORMANCE TUNING section for more information. vm.swapcache.use_chflags enables the use of the cache and noscache chflags(1) flags to control which files will be data-cached. If this sysctl is disabled and data_enable is enabled, the system will ignore file flags and attempt to swapcache all regular files. vm.swapcache.read_enable enables reading from the swapcache and should be set to 1 for normal operation. vm.swapcache.maxfilesize controls which files are to be cached based on their size. If set to non-zero only files smaller than the specified size will be cached. Larger files will not be cached. vm.swapcache.maxlaunder controls the maximum number of clean VM pages which will be added to the swap cache and written out to swap on each poll. Swapcache polls ten times a second. vm.swapcache.hysteresis controls how many pages swapcache waits to be added to the inactive page queue before continuing its scan. Once it decides to scan it continues subject to the above limitations until it reaches the end of the inactive page queue. This parameter is designed to make swapcache generate more bulky bursts to swap which helps SSDs reduce write amplification effects.
PERFORMANCE TUNINGBest operation is achieved when the active data set fits within the swap- cache. vm.swapcache.accrate This specifies the burst accumulation rate in bytes per second and ultimately controls the write bandwidth to swap averaged over a long period of time. This parameter must be carefully chosen to manage the write endurance of the SSD in order to avoid wearing it out too quickly. Even though SSDs have limited write endurance, there is massive cost/performance benefit to using one in a swap- cache configuration. Let's use the Intel X25V 40GB MLC SATA SSD as an example. This device has approximately a 40TB (40 terabyte) write endurance, but see later notes on this, it is more a minimum value. Limiting the long term average bandwidth to 100KB/sec leads to no more than ~9GB/day writing which calculates approximately to a 12 year endurance. Endurance scales linearly with size. The 80GB version of this SSD will have a write endurance of approximately 80TB. MLC SSDs have a 1000-10000x write endurance, while the lower den- sity higher-cost SLC SSDs have a 10000-100000x write endurance, approximately. MLC SSDs can be used for the swapcache (and swap) as long as the system manager is cognizant of its limitations. vm.swapcache.meta_enable Turning on just meta_enable causes only filesystem meta-data to be cached and will result in very fast directory operations even over millions of inodes and even in the face of other invasive opera- tions being run by other processes. For HAMMER filesystems meta-data includes the B-Tree, directory entries, and data related to tiny files. Approximately 6 GB of swapcache is needed for every 14 million or so inodes cached, effectively giving one the ability to cache all the meta-data in a multi-terabyte filesystem using a fairly small SSD. vm.swapcache.data_enable Turning on data_enable (with or without other features) allows bulk file data to be cached. This feature is very useful for web server operation when the operational data set fits in swap. However, care must be taken to avoid thrashing the swapcache. In almost all cases you will want to leave chflags mode enabled and use 'chflags cache' on governing directories to control which directory subtrees file data should be cached for. Vnode recycling can also cause problems. 32-bit systems are typi- cally limited to 100,000 cached vnodes and 64-bit systems are typi- cally limited to around 400,000 cached vnodes. When operating on a filesystem containing a large number of files vnode recycling by the kernel will cause related swapcache data to be lost and also cause potential thrashing of the swapcache. Cache thrashing due to vnode recyclement can occur whether chflags mode is used or not. To solve the thrashing problem you can turn on HAMMER's double buffering feature via vfs.hammer.double_buffer. This causes HAMMER to cache file data via its block device. HAMMER cannot avoid also caching file data via individual vnodes but will try to expire the second copy more quickly (hence why it is called double buffer mode), but the key point here is that swapcache will only cache the data blocks via the block device when double_buffer mode is used and since the block device is associated with the mount it will not get recycled. This allows the data for any number (potentially millions) of files to be cached. You still should use chflags mode to control the size of the dataset being cached to remain under 75% of configured swap space. Data caching is definitely more wasteful of the SSD's write dura- bility than meta-data caching. If not carefully managed the swap- cache may exhaust its burst and smack against the long term average bandwidth limit, causing the SSD to wear out at the maximum rate you programmed. Data caching is far less wasteful and more effi- cient if (on a 64-bit system only) you provide a sufficiently large SSD. When caching large data sets you may want to use a medium-sized SSD with good write performance instead of a small SSD to accommodate the higher burst write rate data caching incurs and to reduce interference between reading and writing. Write durability also tends to scale with larger SSDs, but keep in mind that newer flash technologies use smaller feature sizes on-chip which reduce the write durability of the chips, so pay careful attention to the type of flash employed by the SSD when making durability assumptions. For example, an Intel X25-V only has 40MB/s in write performance and burst writing by swapcache will seriously interfere with con- current read operation on the SSD. The 80GB X25-M on the otherhand has double the write performance. But the Intel 310 series SSDs use flash chips with a smaller feature size so an 80G 310 series SSD will wind up with a durability relative close to the older 40G X25-V. When data caching is turned on you generally always want swap- cache's chflags mode enabled and use chflags(1) with the cache flag to enable data caching on a directory. This flag is tracked by the namecache and does not need to be recursively set in the directory tree. Simply setting the flag in a top level directory or mount point is usually sufficient. However, the flag does not track across mount points. A typical setup is something like this: chflags cache /etc /sbin /bin /usr /home chflags noscache /usr/obj It is possible to tell swapcache to ignore the cache flag by set- ting vm.swapcache.use_chflags to zero, but it is not recommended. chflag'ing. Filesystems such as NFS which do not support flags generally have a cache mount option which enables swapcache operation on the mount. vm.swapcache.maxfilesize This may be used to reduce cache thrashing when a focus on a small potentially fragmented filespace is desired, leaving the larger (more linearly accessed) files alone. vm.swapcache.minburst This controls hysteresis and prevents nickel-and-dime write burst- ing. Once curburst drops to zero, writing to the swapcache ceases until it has recovered past minburst. The idea here is to avoid creating a heavily fragmented swapcache where reading data from a file must alternate between the cache and the primary filesystem. Doing so does not save disk seeks on the primary filesystem so we want to avoid doing small bursts. This parameter allows us to do larger bursts. The larger bursts also tend to improve SSD perfor- mance as the SSD itself can do a better job write-combining and erasing blocks. vm_swapcache.maxswappct This controls the maximum amount of swapspace swapcache may use, in percentage terms. The default is 75%, leaving the remaining 25% of swap available for normal paging operations. It is important to note that you should always use disklabel64(8) to label your SSD. Disklabel64 will properly align the base of the parti- tion space relative to the physical drive regardless of how badly aligned the fdisk slice is. This will significantly reduce write amplification and write combining inefficiencies on the SSD. Finally, interleaved swap (multiple SSDs) may be used to increase perfor- mance even further. A single SATA-II SSD is typically capable of reading 120-220MB/sec. Configuring two SSDs for your swap will improve aggregate swapcache read performance by 1.5x to 1.8x. In tests with two Intel 40GB SSDs 300MB/sec was easily achieved. With two SATA-III SSDs it is possi- ble to achieve 600MB/sec or better and well over 400MB/sec random-read performance (versus the ~3MB/sec random read performance a hard drive gives you). At this point you will be configuring more swap space than a 32 bit DragonFly kernel can handle (due to KVM limitations). By default, 32 bit DragonFly systems only support 32GB of configured swap and while this limit can be increased somewhat by using kern.maxswzone in /boot/loader.conf (a setting of 96m == a maximum of 96GB of swap), you will quickly run out of KVM. Running a 64-bit system with its 512G maxi- mum swap space default is preferable at that point. In addition there will be periods of time where the system is in steady state and not writing to the swapcache. During these periods curburst will inch back up but will not exceed maxburst. Thus the maxburst value controls how large a repeated burst can be. Remember that curburst dynamically tracks burst and will go up and down depending. A second bursting parameter called vm.swapcache.minburst controls burst- ing when the maximum write bandwidth has been reached. When minburst reaches zero write activity ceases and curburst is allowed to recover up to minburst before write activity resumes. The recommended range for the minburst parameter is 1MB to 50MB. This parameter has a relationship to how fragmented the swapcache gets when not in a steady state. Large bursts reduce fragmentation and reduce incidences of excessive seeking on the hard drive. If set too low the swapcache will become fragmented within a single regular file and the constant back-and-forth between the swapcache and the hard drive will result in excessive seeking on the hard drive. SWAPCACHE SIZE & MANAGEMENT The swapcache feature will use up to 75% of configured swap space by default. The remaining 25% is reserved for normal paging operation. The system operator should configure at least 4 times the SWAP space versus main memory and no less than 8GB of swap space. If a 40GB SSD is used the recommendation is to configure 16GB to 32GB of swap (note: 32-bit is limited to 32GB of swap by default, for 64-bit it is 512GB of swap), and to leave the remainder unwritten and unused. The vm_swapcache.maxswappct sysctl may be used to change the default. You may have to change this default if you also use tmpfs(5), vn(4), or if you have not allocated enough swap for reasonable normal paging activ- ity to occur (in which case you probably shouldn't be using swapcache anyway). If swapcache reaches the 75% limit it will begin tearing down swap in linear bursts by iterating through available VM objects, until swap space use drops to 70%. The tear-down is limited by the rate at which new data is written and this rate in turn is often limited by vm.swapcache.accrate, resulting in an orderly replacement of cached data and meta-data. The limit is typically only reached when doing full data+meta-data caching with no file size limitations and serving primar- ily large files, or (on a 64-bit system) bumping kern.maxvnodes up to very high values.
NORMAL SWAP PAGING ACTIVITY WITH SSD SWAPThis is not a function of swapcache per se but instead a normal function of the system. Most systems have sufficient memory that they do not need to page memory to swap. These types of systems are the ones best suited for MLC SSD configured swap running with a swapcache configuration. Sys- tems which modestly page to swap, in the range of a few hundred megabytes a day worth of writing, are also well suited for MLC SSD configured swap. Desktops usually fall into this category even if they page out a bit more because swap activity is governed by the actions of a single person. Systems which page anonymous memory heavily when swapcache would other- wise be turned off are not usually well suited for MLC SSD configured swap. Heavy paging activity is not governed by swapcache bandwidth con- trol parameters and can lead to excessive uncontrolled writing to the MLC SSD, causing premature wearout. You would have to use the lower density, more expensive SLC SSD technology (which has 10x the durability). This isn't to say that swapcache would be ineffective, just that the aggregate write bandwidth required to support the system would be too large for MLC flash technologies. With this caveat in mind, SSD based paging on systems with insufficient RAM can be extremely effective in extending the useful life of the sys- tem. For example, a system with a measly 192MB of RAM and SSD swap can run a -j 8 parallel build world in a little less than twice the time it would take if the system had 2GB of RAM, whereas it would take 5x to 10x as long with normal HD based swap.
USING SWAPCACHE WITH NORMAL HARD DRIVESAlthough swapcache is designed to work with SSD-based storage it can also be used with HD-based storage as an aid for offloading the primary stor- age system. Here we need to make a distinction between using RAID for fanning out storage versus using RAID for redundancy. There are numerous situations where RAID-based redundancy does not make sense. A good example would be in an environment where the servers themselves are redundant and can suffer a total failure without effecting ongoing operations. When the primary storage requirements easily fit onto a sin- gle large-capacity drive it doesn't make a whole lot of sense to use RAID if your only desire is to improve performance. If you had a farm of, say, 20 servers supporting the same facility adding RAID to each one would not accomplish anything other than to bloat your deployment and maintenance costs. In these sorts of situations it may be desirable and convenient to have the primary filesystem for each machine on a single large drive and then use the swapcache facility to offload the drive and make the machine more effective without actually distributing the filesystem itself across mul- tiple drives. For the purposes of offloading while a SSD would be the most effective from a performance standpoint, a second medium sized HD with its much lower cost and higher capacity might actually be more cost effective. In cases where you might desire to use swapcache with a normal hard drive you should probably consider running a 64-bit DragonFly instead of a 32-bit system. The 64-bit build is capable of supporting much larger swap configurations (upwards of 512G) and would be a more suitable match against a medium-sized HD. EXPLANATION OF STATIC VS DYNAMIC WEARING LEVELING, AND WRITE-COMBINING Modern SSDs keep track of space that has never been written to. This would also include space freed up via TRIM, but simply not touching a bit of storage in a factory fresh SSD works just as well. Once you touch (write to) the storage all bets are off, even if you reformat/repartition later. It takes sending the SSD a whole-device TRIM command or special format command to take it back to its factory-fresh condition (sans wear already present). SSDs have wear leveling algorithms which are responsible for trying to even out the erase/write cycles across all flash cells in the storage. The better a job the SSD can do the longer the SSD will remain usable. The more unused storage there is from the SSDs point of view the easier a time the SSD has running its wear leveling algorithms. Basically the wear leveling algorithm in a modern SSD (say Intel or OCZ) uses a combi- nation of static and dynamic leveling. Static is the best, allowing the SSD to reuse flash cells that have not been erased very much by moving static (unchanging) data out of them and into other cells that have more wear. Dynamic wear leveling involves writing data to available flash cells and then marking the cells containing the previous copy of the data as being free/reusable. Dynamic wear leveling is the worst kind but the easiest to implement. Modern SSDs use a combination of both algorithms plus also do write-combining. USB sticks often use only dynamic wear leveling and have short life spans because of that. In anycase, any unused space in the SSD effectively makes the dynamic wear leveling the SSD does more efficient by giving the SSD more 'unused' space above and beyond the physical space it reserves beyond its stated storage capacity to cycle data through, so the SSD lasts longer in the- ory. Write-combining is a feature whereby the SSD is able to reduced write amplification effects by combining OS writes of smaller, discrete, non- contiguous logical sectors into a single contiguous 128KB physical flash block. On the flip side write-combining also results in more complex lookup tables which can become fragmented over time and reduce the SSDs read performance. Fragmentation can also occur when write-combined blocks are rewritten piecemeal. Modern SSDs can regain the lost performance by de- combining previously write-combined areas as part of their static wear leveling algorithm, but at the cost of extra write/erase cycles which slightly increase write amplification effects. Operating systems can also help maintain the SSDs performance by utilizing larger blocks. Write-combining results in a net-reduction of write-amplification effects but due to having to de-combine later and other fragmentary effects it isn't 100%. From testing with Intel devices write-amplification can be well controlled in the 2x-4x range with the OS doing 16K writes, versus a worst-case 8x write-amplification with 16K blocks, 32x with 4K blocks, and a truly horrid worst-case with 512 byte blocks. The DragonFly swapcache feature utilizes 64K-128K writes and is specifi- cally designed to minimize write amplification and write-combining stresses. In terms of placing an actual filesystem on the SSD, the DragonFly hammer(8) filesystem utilizes 16K blocks and is well behaved as long as you limit reblocking operations. For UFS you should create the filesystem with at least a 4K fragment size, versus the default 2K. Mod- ern Windows filesystems use 4K clusters but it is unclear how SSD- friendly NTFS is. EXPLANATION OF FLASH CHIP FEATURE SIZE VS ERASE/REWRITE CYCLE DURABILITY Manufacturers continue to produce flash chips with smaller feature sizes. Smaller flash cells means reduced erase/rewrite cycle durability which in turn reduces the durability of the SSD. The older 34nm flash typically had a 10,000 cell durability while the newer 25nm flash is closer to 1000. The newer flash uses larger ECCs and more sensitive voltage comparators on-chip to increase the durability closer to 3000 cycles. Generally speaking you should assume a durability of around 1/3 for the same storage capacity using the new chips versus the older chips. If you can squeeze out a 400TB durability from an older 40GB X25-V using 34nm technology then you should assume around a 400TB durability from a newer 120GB 310 series SSD using 25nm technology.
WARNINGSI am going to repeat and expand a bit on SSD wear. Wear on SSDs is a function of the write durability of the cells, whether the SSD implements static or dynamic wear leveling (or both), write amplification effects when the OS does not issue write-aligned 128KB ops or when the SSD is unable to write-combine adjacent logical sectors, or if the SSD has a poor write-combining algorithm for non-adjacent sectors. In addition some additional erase/rewrite activity occurs from cleanup operations the SSD performs as part of its static wear leveling algorithms and its write-decombining algorithms (necessary to maintain performance over time). MLC flash uses 128KB physical write/erase blocks while SLC flash typically uses 64KB physical write/erase blocks. The algorithms the SSD implements in its firmware are probably the most important part of the device and a major differentiator between e.g. SATA and USB-based SSDs. SATA form factor drives will universally be far superior to USB storage sticks. SSDs can also have wildly different wearout rates and wildly different performance curves over time. For example the performance of a SSD which does not implement write-decombin- ing can seriously degrade over time as its lookup tables become severely fragmented. For the purposes of this manual page we are primarily using Intel and OCZ drives when describing performance and wear issues. swapcache parameters should be carefully chosen to avoid early wearout. For example, the Intel X25V 40GB SSD has a minimum write durability of 40TB and an actual durability that can be quite a bit higher. Generally speaking, you want to select parameters that will give you at least 10 years of service life. The most important parameter to control this is vm.swapcache.accrate. swapcache uses a very conservative 100KB/sec default but even a small X25V can probably handle 300KB/sec of continuous writing and still last 10 years. Depending on the wear leveling algorithm the drive uses, durability and performance can sometimes be improved by configuring less space (in a manufacturer-fresh drive) than the drive's probed capacity. For example, by only using 32GB of a 40GB SSD. SSDs typically implement 10% more storage than advertised and use this storage to improve wear leveling. As cells begin to fail this overallotment slowly becomes part of the pri- mary storage until it has been exhausted. After that the SSD has basi- cally failed. Keep in mind that if you use a larger portion of the SSD's advertised storage the SSD will not know if/when you decide to use less unless appropriate TRIM commands are sent (if supported), or a low level factory erase is issued. smartctl (from dports(7)'s sysutils/smartmontools) may be used to retrieve the wear indicator from the drive. One usually runs something like `smartctl -d sat -a /dev/daXX' (for AHCI/SILI/SCSI), or `smartctl -a /dev/adXX' for NATA. Some SSDs (particularly the Intels) will brick the SATA port when smart operations are done while the drive is busy with normal activity, so the tool should only be run when the SSD is idle. ID 232 (0xe8) in the SMART data dump indicates available reserved space and ID 233 (0xe9) is the wear-out meter. Reserved space typically starts at 100 and decrements to 10, after which the SSD is considered to operate in a degraded mode. The wear-out meter typically starts at 99 and decre- ments to 0, after which the SSD has failed. swapcache tends to use large 64KB writes and tends to cluster multiple writes linearly. The SSD is able to take significant advantage of this and write amplification effects are greatly reduced. If we take a 40GB Intel X25V as an example the vendor specifies a write durability of approximately 40TB, but swapcache should be able to squeeze out upwards of 200TB due the fairly optimal write clustering it does. The theoreti- cal limit for the Intel X25V is 400TB (10,000 erase cycles per MLC cell, 40GB drive, with 34nm technology), but the firmware doesn't do perfect static wear leveling so the actual durability is less. In tests over several hundred days we have validated a write endurance greater than 200TB on the 40G Intel X25V using swapcache. In contrast, filesystems directly stored on a SSD could have fairly severe write amplification effects and will have durabilities ranging closer to the vendor-specified limit. Power-on hours, power cycles, and read operations do not really affect wear. There is something called read-disturb but it is unclear what sort of ratio would be needed. Since the data is cached in ram and thus not re-read at a high rate there is no expectation of a practical effect. For all intents and purposes only write operations effect wear. SSD's with MLC-based flash technology are high-density, low-cost solu- tions with limited write durability. SLC-based flash technology is a low-density, higher-cost solution with 10x the write durability as MLC. The durability also scales with the amount of flash storage. SLC based flash is typically twice as expensive per gigabyte. From a cost perspec- tive, SLC based flash is at least 5x more cost effective in situations where high write bandwidths are required (because it lasts 10x longer). MLC is at least 2x more cost effective in situations where high write bandwidth is not required. When wear calculations are in years, these differences become huge, but often the quantity of storage needed trumps the wear life so we expect most people will be using MLC. swapcache is usable with both technologies.
SEE ALSOchflags(1), fstab(5), disklabel64(8), hammer(8), swapon(8)
HISTORYswapcache first appeared in DragonFly 2.5.
AUTHORSMatthew Dillon DragonFly 4.3 February 7, 2010 DragonFly 4.3


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Part of the mission of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga athletics department is to guide, encourage and support our Student-Athletes in their quest for comprehensive excellence - academically, athletically and socially. The 2008-09 season was an amazing year for the Mocs in all three areas and, over the next two weeks, GoMocs.com will take a look back at the accomplishments of the student-athletes at UTC in the last year.
This week, we look at how the Mocs performed in the classroom and their honors and achievements off the field. The Mocs put up some impressive numbers that had nothing to do with wins and losses. Their performance in the classroom was unprecedented and celebrated throughout a very successful season.
"I would like to congratulate all of our student-athletes on their academic successes over the past year," stated Director of Athletics Rick Hart. "Their hard work and dedication to their academic pursuits reflects the commitment to comprehensive excellence that we stress in Mocs athletics; and their accomplishments should be recognized and celebrated."
Far too often, the on-field achievements of today's college athletes overshadow their amazing feats in other areas. There is also the false perception that success in one area means a sacrifice in the other. This is certainly not the case at UTC.
Below is a compilation of the many wonderful academic achievements that were celebrated on GoMocs.com throughout the year. These accolades were earned in the classroom in the same year UTC won six SoCon titles, saw a school-record 10 teams represented in the postseason, had eight Mocs named Southern Conference Athlete/Freshman of the Year, claimed 14 individual SoCon Championship or MVP honors and saw the entire athletics program rank in the top-100 in all of NCAA Division I for overall athletic performance in the Learfield Director's Cup.
"Our student-athletes deserve the credit for their hard work," continued Hart. "However, they had the help of a very talented group of faculty, coaches and support staff committed to guiding, supporting and encouraging them along the way. We also need to recognize the influence of the Mocs Club members on our student-athletes, whose donations help to underwrite the costs of athletic scholarships at UTC."
Athletic Director's Honor Roll and Dean's List
The Mocs kicked off the year with a solid fall semester that saw 110 earning a spot on the Athletic Director's Honor Roll for having a 3.0+ semester grade-point-average. There were 79 Mocs on the Dean's List in the fall for posting a 3.2+ g.p.a. A total of 10 student-athletes scored a perfect 4.0 g.p.a. for the semester. These student-athletes were all honored at halftime of the men's basketball game against Elon on Feb. 12.
4.0 Grade-Point-Average for the Fall 2008 Semester (10)
Eric Forsman – Men's Golf – Senior
Maria Juliana Loza – Women's Golf – Freshman
Susanne Mader – Women's Soccer - Freshman
Adam Miller – Football – Freshman
David Moore – Men's Cross Country/Track & Field – Junior
Jessica Scott - Volleyball - Freshman
Emily Stuart – Women's Cross Country/Track & Field – Junior
Katie Taylor – Women's Golf – Junior
Shelley Taylor – Women's Cross Country/Track & Field – Junior
Phillip Walliser – Football – Freshman
As well as the Mocs performed in the fall, their numbers for the 2009 spring semester were even better. A total of 116 Mocs - 46% of all student-athletes - were named to the Athletic Director's Honor Roll. Equally impressive was the fact that 83 Mocs - 33% of all student-athletes - were named to the Dean's List and 18 student-athletes posted a perfect 4.0 g.p.a during the 2009 spring semester.
4.0 Grade-Point-Average for the Spring 2009 Semester (18)
Serena Allen – Women's Soccer – Sophomore
Tiffany Baker – Softball – Sophomore
Courtney Barnes – Volleyball – Sophomore
Sarah Bass – Volleyball – Senior
Michael Carter – Football – Freshman
Eric Forsman – Men's Golf – Senior
Monika Groppe – Women's Track & Field - Sophomore
Marlee Jenkins – Women's Soccer – Junior
Beata Knizat – Women's Tennis - Senior
Susanne Mader – Women's Soccer – Senior
LaCondra Mason – Women's Basketball – Senior
David Moore – Men's Cross Country/Track & Field – Junior
Kori Penland – Women's Basketball – Freshman
Grace Robinette – Women's Tennis - Sophomroe
Jessica Scott – Volleyball – Freshman
Katie Taylor – Women's Golf – Junior
Shelley Taylor – Women's Cross Country/Track & Field – Junior
Natalie Wennerstrom – Women's Track & Field - Freshman
The student-athletes who posted a 4.0 g.p.a. in either semester achieved comprehensive excellence in the classroom. What is even more amazing is the fact that of the 28 4.0's last year, 18 were earned by student-athletes during their competition season.
"Collectively, our student-athletes' g.p.a.'s seem to get better and better each year," stated Hart. "They exemplify one of our core values of continuous improvement in the way they raise the bar each semester. I am proud of the work they have done to this point, but will always challenge them to keep getting better."
2008-09 Graduates
The ultimate individual academic goal for all of the Mocs student-athletes is to earn a degree. UTC had 24 student-athletes accomplish that feat in the last year. Eight Mocs earned their degrees in the fall while another 16 walked across the stage following the spring semester.
Fall Graduates
Kelsey Amundson – Volleyball – Early Childhood Education
Alex Anderson – Women's Basketball – Psychology
Anthony Brodnax – Football – Business Marketing
Ashlan Clarkson – Softball – Sport Administration
Brooke Hand – Women's Basketball – K-12 Health and Exercise Pedagogy
Curtis Jeffries – Football – Sport Administration
Malachi McGee – Football – Human Services Management
Mitchell Meadows – Football – Criminal Justice
Spring Graduates
Raeshon Ball – Football – Health and Human Performance
Sara Bass – Volleyball – Exercise Science, Health and Leisure Studies
Badr Bouabdellah – Men's Tennis – Business Administration
Jamie Dinkins – Track & Field - Biology
Nicchaeus Doaks – Men's Basketball - Psychology
Joshua Edmundson – Wrestling – Sociology and Anthropology
Jamie Engel – Volleyball – Health and Human Performance
Zach Ferrell - Men's Basketball – Business Administration
Eric Forsman – Men's Golf – Economics
T.J. Hannah – Wrestling – Health and Human Performance
Beata Knizat - Women's Tennis – Business Administration
Sabrina Lefort - Track & Field – Health and Human Performance
Kyle McKee – Wrestling – Health and Human Performance
Erin Ogan - Women's Basketball – Business Administration
Tara Tembey – Softball – Health and Human Performance
Pavel Vostrikov – Men's Tennis – Economics
Many of the Mocs student-athletes graduated with honors in the fall and spring. Kelsey Amundson, Jamie Dinkins, Zach Ferrell, Eric Forsman and Beata Knizat all graduated Magna Cum Laude in their respective programs. Sabrina Lefort and Pavel Vostrikov both walked with Cum Laude honors.
"The athletics department was well represented at both the fall and spring commencement ceremonies," added Hart. "Seeing them receive their diplomas is the culmination of why we are involved in collegiate athletics, to prepare students for meaningful and productive lives."
Individual Academic Honors
The Southern Conference took note of UTC's success in the classroom and handed out 57 Academic All-SoCon honors in the fall, winter and spring to UTC student-athletes during the last year. In order to earn Academic All-SoCon recognition, student-athletes must be in at least their second year at the institution, have a 3.2+ g.p.a. and compete in 50% of their team's contests.
Some of the top individual academic honors included track & field sophomore Chris Berry and volleyball sophomore Courtney Barnes representing the Mocs on the ESPN The Magazine Academic All-District teams. ESPN The Magazine Academic All-District honorees are selected from a pool that includes all Division I schools in the region. Student-athlete must have at least a 3.3 g.p.a. to be eligible for consideration. Berry won the SoCon's 5000M race at both the indoor and outdoor championships
Freshman Jason McCroskey was named to the National Wrestling Coaches Association national All-Academic squad. He finished his first year at UTC as a SoCon Champion, NCAA qualifier all while posting a 3.6 g.p.a. in his first year of college.
The Dayle May Award is presented each year by Dayle May Jewelers and goes to the male and female seniors with the highest cumulative g.p.a. Zack Ferrell of the men's basketball team and Beata Knizat of the women's tennis squad were this year's recipients. They both graduated Magna Cum Laude with degrees in Business Administration. Ferrell finished with a 3.798 g.p.a. while Knizat graduated with a 3.86 g.p.a.
Two Mocs were among the top honorees at the 2009 Spring Commencement Ceremonies. Men's golfer Eric Forsman was elected to the Alpha Society as one of the top Economics graduates in the class of 2009. Track & Field's Jamie Dinkins was a University Honors Scholar and earned the Highest Honors in Biology award for her project: A Morphological Analysis of a "Confounding" Population of Castanea in Northwest Georgia.
"All of these individuals should be commended for their academic careers at UTC," continued Hart. "They have been, and will continue to be, the type of representatives we want involved with our athletic program."
Team Academic Honors
The Mocs had six teams post a 3.0 g.p.a. for the 2008 fall semester led by the cross country women's 3.47. Women's golf was right behind with a 3.44 while women's tennis had a 3.28. Women's track & field posted a 3.183 while men's golf finished with a 3.02 in the fall. Women's basketball had an even 3.0 in the fall.
Women's cross country posted their fall g.p.a. during a very successful and long competition season. They able to maintain their high standards in the classroom while winning their third-straight Southern Conference title and advancing to the NCAA Regionals.
Chattanooga topped its fall performance with seven teams earning a 3.0 g.p.a. in the 2009 spring semester. Women's track & field led the way with a 3.49 followed by women's golf with a 3.46. Women's tennis had a 3.33 while volleyball was impressive with a 3.24. Men's tennis improved to a 3.18 and women's basketball bumped up to a 3.16. Men's track & field rounded out the teams with a 3.0 g.p.a, recording a 3.02 for the spring semester.
Six of the seven Mocs teams with a 3.0 in the spring were also in the middle of their competition season. Women's golf and women's basketball both advanced to the postseason while maintaining their high academic standards throughout the semester.
Both the men's and women's track & field and cross country teams were awarded All-Academic by the United States Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association. The women's track & field team posted the highest g.p.a. in the nation in 2008-09.


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Jun 26 2009
God's Little Girl Strives for Excellence
Excellence is answering God's call to the best of our abilities with the gifts and resources He has given us. It is carrying out God's work with an attitude of enjoyment.
Thanks to the Leadership Development Program (LDP), Talita is living in the best moment of her life, not only professionally, but also spiritually. Her…


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Year of publication
- 2002 (5) (remove)
- Centrality Dependence of High-pT Hadron Suppression in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV (2002)
- Inclusive transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons within 0.2<pT<6.0 GeV/c have been measured over a broad range of centrality for Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV. Hadron yields are suppressed at high pT in central collisions relative to peripheral collisions and to a nucleon-nucleon reference scaled for collision geometry. Peripheral collisions are not suppressed relative to the nucleon-nucleon reference. The suppression varies continuously at intermediate centralities. The results indicate significant nuclear medium effects on high-pT hadron production in heavy-ion collisions at high energy.
- Coherent rho 0 production in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions (2002)
- The STAR Collaboration reports the first observation of exclusive rho 0 photoproduction, AuAu-->AuAu rho 0, and rho 0 production accompanied by mutual nuclear Coulomb excitation, AuAu-->Au [star] Au [star] rho 0, in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions. The rho 0 have low transverse momenta, consistent with coherent coupling to both nuclei. The cross sections at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV agree with theoretical predictions treating rho 0 production and Coulomb excitation as independent processes.
- Azimuthal anisotropy of K0S and Lambda + Lambda -bar production at midrapidity from Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV (2002)
- We report STAR results on the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v2 for strange particles K0S, Lambda , and Lambda -bar at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The value of v2 as a function of transverse momentum, pt, of the produced particle and collision centrality is presented for both particles up to pt~3.0 GeV/c. A strong pt dependence in v2 is observed up to 2.0 GeV/c. The v2 measurement is compared with hydrodynamic model calculations. The physics implications of the pt integrated v2 magnitude as a function of particle mass are also discussed.
- Midrapidity Lambda and Lambda -bar production in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV (2002)
- We report the first measurement of strange ( Lambda ) and antistrange ( Lambda -bar) baryon production from sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Rapidity density and transverse mass distributions at midrapidity are presented as a function of centrality. The yield of Lambda and Lambda -bar hyperons is found to be approximately proportional to the number of negative hadrons. The production of Lambda -bar hyperons relative to negative hadrons increases very rapidly with transverse momentum. The magnitude of the increase cannot be described by existing hadronic string fragmentation models alone.
- Midrapidity phi production in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV (2002)
- We present the first measurement of midrapidity vector meson phi production in Au+Au collisions at RHIC (sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV) from the STAR detector. For the 11% highest multiplicity collisions, the slope parameter from an exponential fit to the transverse mass distribution is T=379±50(stat)±45(syst) MeV, the yield dN/dy=5.73±0.37(stat)±0.69(syst) per event, and the ratio N phi /Nh- is found to be 0.021±0.001(stat)±0.004(syst). The measured ratio N phi /Nh- and T for the phi meson at midrapidity do not change for the selected multiplicity bins.


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Re: Champions League picks and previews 2010-11
Here are the norwegian newspaper Dagbladet's predictions for the Champions League fixtures on Wednesday 29 September:
Kazan - Barcelona
Prediction: Draw.
H. Tel Aviv - Lyon
Prediction: Draw.
Inter - Bremen
Prediction: Inter win.
Panathinaikos - FC Copenhagen
Prediction: Draw.
Rangers - Bursaspor
Prediction: Draw.
Schalke - Benfica
Prediction: Schalke win.
Tottenham - Twente
Prediction: Tottenham win.
Valencia - Manchester Utd
Prediction: Valencia win.


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Our Oviedo campus is centered around our Worship Center which opened May 24, 2009. This facility houses a 2,700 seat worship area, classrooms for adult Small Groups and a beautiful area for preschoolers (PreK and younger) on Sundays which also serves as our First Years Preschool classrooms through the week.
We also have Small Groups that meet in buildings adjacent to the Worship Center. Children's classes (Kindergartners - 5th graders) meet in our Courtyard Buildings. Adult classes also meet in the Christian Life Center and in Legacy Hall.
Middle School Small Groups meet on the lower level of Legacy Hall. High School Small Groups meet in The Hangar, the large building at the rear of our Worship Center. College Small Group meets on the main floor of Legacy Hall.
Parking is available with access from Broadway, Lake Jessup or Myrtle Streets. Just follow the signs as you come onto campus for the closest parking for you.
Guest Parking is reserved for first-time guests and those with a handicapped placard.
Additional parking is available at Lawton Elementary.
On Sundays and Wednesdays, trams are available to shorten your walk from parking to our facilities. Trams run on Sundays beginning at 7:45 a.m. and are also available after the Worship Services.


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The Society is embarking on a new phase of its operation, as we seek to expand our relevance through conference programs, new publications, increased international membership, and the development of global partnerships. To fulfill these exciting and ambitious growth areas, the Society is seeking the services of a dynamic, motivated and articulate Executive Director, who can demonstrate the... read more
Registration is now open for SER2015 World Conference on Ecological Restoration. Please visit http://ser2015.org/registration for more information.
Presenters: Due to an unexpected delay in bringing the registration system online, the presenter registration deadline has been extended to June 30th.
Be sure to explore ser2015.org for more information on the conference, including ... read more
Restoration of degraded tropical forests can enhance ecosystem service provisioning, improve habitat quality for tropical forest biota and generate income from timber and NTFPs. In Indonesia alone, an estimated 25 million ha of former logging concessions are without current management, representing a huge opportunity for biodiversity conservation. However, currently such forests are t... read more
By John Rieger, John Stanley, and Ray Traynor
Concern over climate change and the ongoing challenges of managing degraded ecosystems have made the field of ecological restoration a growing focus in the agendas of national and international conservation organizations, including the United Nations. The problems facing us are both complex and urgent, and effective solutions are needed.
Pro... read more
This Field Manual for Practitioners engages communities to consider social, economic and ecological factors before undertaken mangrove restoration, and relies on monitoring to inform corrective actions over time.
Click here for more information. read more
Murcia et al. contend that the concept of a 'novel ecosystem' is poorly developed, has no evidence base, and has little management application and potential negative policy impacts. However, it is more accurate to observe that conceptual development is ongoing (as would be expected in a relatively new area of endeavor), empirical evidence is mounting, many managers find the ideas us... read more
The 'novel ecosystem' concept has captured the attention of scientists, managers, and science journalists, and more recently of policymakers, before it has been subjected to the scrutiny and empirical validation inherent to science. Lack of rigorous scrutiny can lead to undesirable outcomes in ecosystem management, environmental law, and policy.
Click here for more information. read more
This first volume of The State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources constitutes a major step in building the information and knowledge base required for action towards better conservation and sustainable management of forest genetic resources at the national, regional and international levels.
Click here for more information. read more
The Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology (ROAM), produced by IUCN, provides a flexible and affordable framework approach for countries to rapidly identify and analyse forest landscape restoration (FLR) potential and locate specific areas of opportunity at a national or sub-national level.
Click here for more information. read more
The Awards Committee of the Society for Ecological Restoration is now soliciting nominations for the 2015 SER Awards, which will be presented at our 6th World Conference on Ecological Restoration (SER2015) to be held in Manchester, England from August 23-27, 2015.
SER is seeking nominations for four awards: the Theodore M. Sperry Award, the Full Circle Award, the Communications Award, an... read more
1017 O Street NW,
Washington D.C. 20001 USA
Tel: 202.299.9518


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Good, good man
May I be the first to wish you many happy returns
CW household name, marque poster, rugby league tragic etc
Good, good man
May I be the first to wish you many happy returns
CW household name, marque poster, rugby league tragic etc
- Winner of the 2011 and 2012 CricketWeb AFL tipping competition
- Winner of the 2011, 2012 and 2013 CricketWeb NRL tipping competition
Struggles against the short ball and has no form outside the sub continent (cricket chat).
Parmi | #1 draft pick | Jake King is **** | Big Bash League tipping champion of the universeCome and Paint Turtle
Occasionally approaches adequacy. I can think of no higher compliment.
HB fella.
Cricket Web's 2013/14 Premier League Tipping Champion
- As featured in The Independent.
"The PFA does not represent players when they have broken the law and been convicted on non-football matters."
- Gordon Taylor in 2009 following Marlon King's release after a prison sentence for sexual assault & ABH
Happy Birthday!
RIP Philip Hughes - 1988-2014
The Wheel of Mediocrity | Compton, Root, Carberry, Robson, Trott, Lyth | The wheel is forever
Founder and Grand Wizard of the CW Football Thread Statluminati. Potential hater of abilities. Blocked on twitter by Michael Vaughan, Brad McNamara and AtlCricket for my hard hitting truths.
HB Cribb!!
"I will go down as Darren Sammy, the one who always smiles" - Darren Sammy
Happy 111011001111th Birthday, Robocrib
"All are lunatics, but he who can analyze his delusions is called a philosopher." - Ambrose Bierce
Langeveldt: I of course blame their parents.. and unchecked immigration!
GingerFurball: He's Austrian, they tend to produce the odd ****ed up individual
Burgey: Be careful dealing with neighbours whose cars don't have wheels but whose houses do.
Uppercut: Maybe I just need better strippers
Happy birthday Cribbage. Have a good one.
WWCC - Loyaulte Mi Lie
"People make me happy.. not places.. people"
"When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life." - Samuel Johnson
"Hope is the fuel of progress and fear is the prison in which you put yourself" - Tony Benn
#408. Sixty three not out forever.
HB POOS. That age gap between yourself and your girlfriends is looking pretty big now.
Not bad for a **** who hates cheese and puts juice on his cereal.
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HOME Miami Hurricanes Gear Miami Hurricanes Ladies Miami Hurricanes Ladies T-Shirts Miami Hurricanes Ladies T-Shirts Short Sleeved $20 to $40 (80 items) Product ID: 1503490
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It's easy to call yourself a die-hard fan, but wouldn't you want to show that you are a true fan? With this Miami Hurricanes women's Fantasy V-neck T-shirt, everyone will be calling you the Hurricanes' number one fan. Stylish and comfortable, this V-neck shirt features vibrantly colored team graphics with a heathered body design. Perfect for cheering on your team or for a night out on the town, this V-neck shirt will make a welcome addition to your wardrobe.
- 100% Cotton
- Heathered body design
- Officially licensed
- Rib-knit v-neck collar
- Screen print graphics
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Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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- Home
- Racing & Wagering
- News / Videos / Photos
- Calendar
- Plan Your Visit
- Parking / Maps / Directions
- Entering Churchill Downs
- General Information
- Guest Services
- Hotel Partner
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- Tours
Babies Have Lukas On A Roll/Temple Street Returns Dividends To Cox/Leparoux Rolls in Riders' Race
Hall of Fame trainer D Wayne Lukas suffered through a miserable fall here last year, failing to win a race from 34 starters.
What a difference six months and a barn full of precocious 2-year-olds can make.
Leparoux Rides Five Churchill Downs Winners, Takes Feature on Complicity
Jockey Julien Leparoux rode five winners from eight mounts on Friday and capped his day at Churchill Downs by guiding Complicity to a 1 ¾-length victory over Hungry Tigress in the featured $52,270 Ever After Purse for fillies and mares 3-years-old and up.
Borel Bandwagon Crowded/Calvin & Byrne In Saturday's 'Get in the Game' Seminar/Monday Work For 'Bird'?
Jockey Calvin Borel is not assured of having a mount in the June 6 Belmont Stakes (Grade I), but the leadup to the third jewel of the Triple Crown will have his fingerprints all over it.
Borel's agent, Jerry Hissam, has a lot more on his plate these days than just lining up mounts for the popular rider.
Speedy Dubai Majesty Heads Grade III Winning Colors on Monday's Memorial Day Card at Churchill Downs
Martin Racing Stable and Dan Morgan's Dubai Majesty, the pacesetter in the Humana Distaff (Grade I) on Kentucky Derby Day, headlines a field of seven fillies and mares ages 3-years-old and up entered for sixth running of the $100,000-added Winning Colors (Grade III), the featured event on a special Memorial Day holiday program at Churchill Downs.
Namaste's Wish Wins Thursday's Packet Purse
Live Oak Plantation's Namaste's Wish pulled away from Leamington in the final yards to win Thursday afternoon's featured $52,700 The Packet Purse for fillies and mares 3-years-old and up by three-quarters of a length at Churchill Downs.
Brass Hat Looks Turn Back Youngsters/Woolley's Whirlwind Continues/Pure Clan Works on Grass
BRASS HAT SEEKS ELUSIVE FIRST TURF WIN IN LOUISVILLE HANDICAP – When Fred Bradley's homebred Brass Hat made his turf debut in 2004, four of his rivals in Saturday's Louisville Handicap (Grade III) had not been foaled.
Churchill Downs Congratulates 2009 'American Idol' Winner Kris Allen
Churchill Downs wishes to congratulate 2009 "American Idol" winner Kris Allen, who became the series' eighth winner on Wednesday after defeating Adam Lambert in the competition's final voting round. Allen, a 23-year-old from Conway, Ark., was one of thousands of "Idol" hopefuls who made his way through the auditions in Louisville, Ky.
Top-Weighted Spice Route Faces Brass Hat, Seven Others in 72nd Running of Louisville Handicap
Spice Route (GB), stylish winner of the Elkhorn (Grade II) in his most recent start at Keeneland on April 24, headlines a field of nine entered for Saturday's 72nd running of the $100,000-added Louisville Handicap (Grade III) to be run at a mile and a half over the Matt Winn Turf Course.
Rachel Alexandra Returns to the Track; Mine That Bird Playful In First Gallop Since Preakness
It was a day for racing royalty at Churchill Downs on Wednesday as Preakness (Grade I) and Kentucky Oaks (GI) winner Rachel Alexandra returned to track for a gallop and Mine That Bird, winner of the Kentucky Derby Presented by Yum! Brands (GI) and a fast-closing runner-up in the Preakness, continued to show his spirit during his first gallop since Saturday's race.
Simulcast Wagering, Free Admission Weds., May 20 and Other Reduced Days
Although there will be no live racing on Wednesday, May 20 at Churchill Downs, the historic track will offer wagering on tracks from around North America at its Trackside at Churchill simulcast center.. Admission gates open at 11:30 a.m. (all times EDT) and patrons will enjoy free admission throughout the day.
Kentucky Derby Winner Mine That Bird Playful in Jog; Rachel Alexandra Set for Wednesday Return to Track
After two days off and a 9 ½-hour van ride from Baltimore, Kentucky Derby (Grade I) winner Mine That Bird returned to the track at Churchill Downs for a light jog on Tuesday.
Kentucky Derby Winner Mine That Bird Returns to Churchill To Prepare for Belmont, Search for New Rider Begins
Kentucky Derby (Grade I) winner Mine That Bird, a gallant runner-up to the brilliant filly Rachel Alexandra in the Preakness (GI), is off of the road and back in his stall at Barn 42 at Churchill Downs following a road trip from Baltimore's Pimlico Race Course, Double Eagle Ranch and Buena Suerte Equine's son of Birdstone will return to the track on Tuesday to begin his preparation for a run in
Multiple Stakes Winner Tizdejavu Remains Perfect At Churchill Downs with Win in Sunday Turf Feature
Multiple stakes winner Tizdejavu remained unbeaten on the grass course at Churchill Downs when he returned from a nine-month absence from competition to win Sunday's $57,780 featured allowance race at Churchill Downs.
Rachel Alexandra Back Home/Matt Winn Duo Doing Well/Flying Pegasus Works
Stostreet Stables and Harold McCormick's Preakness Stakes (Grade I) and Kentucky Oaks (GI) winner Rachel Alexandra returned to trainer Steve Asmussen's Barn 38 at Churchill Downs on Sunday morning following a flight from Baltimore.
Capt Candyman Can Wins Matt Winn
Capt Candyman Can collected the fourth stakes win of his career when he out-kicked 4-5 favorite Cash Refund by three-quarters of a length in Saturday's eighth running of the $106,900 Matt Winn Stakes for 3-year-olds at Churchill Downs.
While Stars Shine In Preakness, Churchill-based 3-Year-Olds Await Their Chance/Brass Hat sharp in work
The current stars of the 3-year-old crop – headed by Kentucky Derby (Grade I) winner Mine That Bird, Kentucky Oaks (GI) filly Rachel Alexandra and Derby runner-up Pioneerof the Nile – are among 13 three-year-olds doing battle in the 134th running of the Preakness (GI) at Pimlico.
Distinctive Dixie Wins Friday Feature; Rachel Alexandra 3-2 in Early Preakness Betting
Distinctive Dixie, ridden by Jesus Castanon, didn't disappoint as the odds-on 3-5 favorite in Friday's $51,840 allowance feature at Churchill Downs. The 4-year-old filly trained by Wally Dollase led every step of the way and turned back a late charge from Ms. Margaret H. to win the one-mile test for fillies and mares by 2 1/2 lengths in 1:35.75.
Amoss Cherishes 300th Win at Churchill Downs/Macho Again to Foster/Spice Route Top Weight in Louisville
As trainer Tom Amoss stood in the winner's circle at Churchill Downs following his 300th victory under the historic Twin Spires of the home of the Kentucky Derby, he recalled his first journey to the Louisville track.
The 47-year-old New Orleans native picked a good day for that first visit.
Back-to-Back Milestones: Jockey Borel Gets 900th Local Victory, Trainer Amoss Earns 300th
Two-time Kentucky Derby-winning jockey Calvin Borel became only the fourth rider to win 900 races in the 135-year history of Churchill Downs when Patton's Creek Farm's War Eagle Lady romped to a 14 ¾-length victory in Wednesday's sixth race.
Kleins' Cash Refund Set for Matt Winn/Demarcation Nears Return/Leparoux expands lead
Louisville-based owners and breeders Richard, Elaine and Bert Klein have raced some very talented horses at Churchill Downs through the years, but few have attracted the early attention generated by their 3-year-old gelding Cash Refund.


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Only hotels in Mckinney are listed below. Search for the cheapest discounted hotel and motel rates in or near Mckinney, TX for your corporate or personal leisure travel. Discover the best Mckinney, Texas motel and hotel rooms. Browse the Mckinney area hotels to find the perfect lodging! Please use the provided map of the Mckinney hotels. Group booking? Search Mckinney Group Hotel DiscountsThe Mckinney center point is about 3 miles from The Ballfields at Craig Ranch and 4 miles from Allen Premium Outlets, A Simon Center.
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Passport to Our Norfolk
Join our loyalty scheme to enjoy some great perks & rewards:
● 10% discount on all bookings, 365 days a year
● 20% OFF January, Feb & March
(excluding Valentines and Feb half term)
● Direct bookings only – via our online booking service or by phone
● Discount does not apply on bookings via 3rd party booking agencies
We offer you 3 locations for your break away – 16 Posh B&B suites at Byfords, Holt, 3 great rooms at The King's Head, Holt and 10 rooms at The Pigs, Edgefield. We have self catering available at Byfords and The Kings Head. We are working on Bedrooms at The Assembly House, Norwich (available 2015), and the Dial House, Reepham (2017ish!). All different looks, experiences and price to suit all your needs. Availability summarised below:


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Place a Hold
Find the book you want in the online catalog. Select the record. Select "request." You'll be prompted to enter your name and library card barcode number, then select "login."
At the next screen, select the pickup location from the pull-down menu and select "submit request."
Renew An Item
To renew a library item, please follow the link below. Once you've followed the link to the renewal page, click on "my account" and input your name and barcode from your Library card to get to your record. Now, you will now be at the "start" page, from there please follow the directions as indicated.


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Cree is LED Lighting
At Cree, we've revolutionized the lighting industry with high-quality, energy-efficient LED lighting.
From retail and hospitality to commercial and industrial, Cree LED lighting is saving energy and creating beautifully-lit spaces around the world.
Cree is leading the LED Revolution.
LED Lighting Home
Cree leads the industry in brightness, efficiency and reliability with its XLamp LEDs. Cree LED modules provide a simple solution for lighting designers and manufacturers to adopt best-in-class LED lighting.
Cree LED products are revolutionizing the LED lighting industry.
LED Components Home
World-Leading Manufacturer of SiC-based Semiconductor Materials
Cree's advantage is in the materials we use. Cree has unparalleled expertise working with two high-performance materials, silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN).
Find out more about our highly-efficient chips and materials.
Chips & Materials Home
Revolutionizing the Power Electronics Industry
Cree's SiC devices deliver the best possible system efficiencies while simplifying thermal design.
Find out how you can use Cree power devices to re-invent and revolutionize the power industry.
Power Home
Cree RF Devices are Driving High-Power Communications
Cree is a leading supplier of silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) wafers and devices for RF communications.
When you need best-in-class performance, look to Cree's GaN HEMTs and MMICs.
RF Components Home
Looks and lights like the light bulb you use today, but reduces energy cost and lasts 25 times longer.
To buy or learn more, visit www.CreeBulb.com
All-SiC 62-mm power module reduces energy loss due to switching by more than 5 times compared to the equivalent silicon solution.
Learn more


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This message is intended for your eyes only. You've been enlisted into the new surf special forces unit code-named Newops. Your standard issue garb are these Newops boardies from Volcom. The specially designed print will render you invisible as you surf right up to the enemy shore and the insane flexibility will allow you to maneuver your way out of even the stickiest of situations. This message will self destruct in 30 seconds so hurry up and grab these trunks!
- 88% Polyester/12% Elastane
- Back pocket with hook and loop fastener closure
- Elastic hems
- Hook and loop closure fly
- Imported
- No inseam for maximum comfort
- Quick-drying fabric
- Rubber Stone logo applique
- Sewn-in bungee lanyard to hold keys or wax comb in pocket
- Size 30 has a 9" inseam
- Ultra-lightweight, 4-way stretch fabric
- Volcom cinch fly technology with three grommets
- Volcom engineered print
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Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
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John Creech, 62, of Hazard, died Tuesday, Dec. 4 at the hospice care center in Hazard.
He was the son of the late Mendell Creech and the late Lucy Hensley Creech, and was also preceded in death by his sister, Phyllis Everidge.
He is survived by his wife, Deloris Creech; daughters Tina Lewis and Misty Parker; sons Anthony Creech, Ronnie Creech, and Rufus Creech; sisters Brenda Williams, Margaret Combs, Doris Combs, and Sandra Kay Stacy; brothers Mendell Creech, Jr. and Elisha Creech; 26 grandchildren; and a host of nieces, nephews, family, and friends.
Arrangements are being handled by Maggard Brothers Funeral Home of Hazard. Visitation will be held at the Lost Creek Pentecostal Church, where the family will receive friends after 5 p.m. on Thursday, Dec. 6. Services will be held at the Lost Creek Pentecostal Church at 1 p.m. on Friday, Dec. 7 with Willie Wagers officiating. Interment will be at Creech Cemetery at Hiner.


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Surf Gold Leaf Coffee Table with White Marble Top by Worlds Away features simple construction. Contemporary organic design is the perfect addition to your living room.
Marble; Iron
17? high x 60? wide x 24? diameter
Free Delivery is available for this item.
Only orders shipped within the U.S. are eligible for Free Delivery.
International Shipping rates vary - please contact us to recieve a quote.
White Glove Delivery Service includes a call from the delivery company to schedule a four hour window for delivery.
The delivery company will bring the piece into your room of choice, unwrap, inspect and assemble the piece of furniture.
After you have approved, the delivery company will take away the debris.
Please be sure to carefully inspect your item prior to signing the paperwork.
Helen Coffee Table - White & Nickel
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Hyde Side Table - Silver Leaf
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Clayton Gray Home is the ultimate guide to living with style. We scout for you bringing an eclectic mix of home furnishings for your living room, dining room, bedroom, sunroom and office. A complete lifestyle company, Clayton Gray Home offers sofas, chairs and stools for seating. Tables include dining tables, desks, side tables, coffee tables, console tables and entry way tables. Stylish lighting to choose from in chandeliersceiling mount, pendants, lanterns, sconces, table lamps and floor lamps. Shop for mirrors, artwork, pillows and rugs to complete all of your home decor needs. SHOP major manufacturers like Arteriors Home, Barbara Cosgrove Lamps, Bungalow 5, Emissary and Worlds Away and enjoy FREE SHIPPING all the time with outstanding customer service.


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Satan would ask "Is it just me or is it getting cold in here?"
or he'd say "Annnd that's one more soul to my collection"
Satan would ask "Is it just me or is it getting cold in here?"
or he'd say "Annnd that's one more soul to my collection"
What happens if Lyoto loses and Sonnen loses?
Sonnen - Machida.
Sonnen would unify the 185 lb title with the 205 lb title.
A tiger never loses sleep over the opinion of sheep.
If this turns into a wrestling match Sonnen wins.
But if Sonnen loses, he will get a title shot at Cain Velasquez.
Not only brazilians can do this stuff
what happens to mma? i do not think the sport as a whole will be affected one way or the other, but for ufc it means $$$. either an immediate rematch or perhaps a third meeting with anderson and chael, champion versus champion, for the light heavyweight title. either one of those would would make sense and would be very marketable.
If Sonnen wins, I am blaming the person that divided by zero.
"If a man with no arms and a man with no legs started learning karate, the same light bulb would appear over every head in Japan. Thats right: Glue them together and see if it can kill a panda."
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