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The I-94 is the Arrival/Departure Record issued by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) when you enter the United States. Your I-94 record confirms that you have been legally admitted to the United States in a specific visa status, and for what duration of time. For F and J visa holders, the amount of time is indicated by the notation "D/S" which means you can be in the United States for the Duration of Status of your student or scholar program. You must present your I-94 record in order to verify your immigration status, attend the mandatory check-in workshop, and to receive any immigration benefits including a travel signature, or employment authorization.
CBP creates electronic I-94 records at all airports and seaports. You must access your I-94 record after entering the United States from the CBP website. Review all information and ensure that it is correct. Print out your I-94 record and keep it with your other immigration documents. CBP will continue to issue paper I-94 records at all land borders and at secondary inspection. The electronic I-94 record will continue to be available to you while you remain in the United States. Once you depart the United States, your electronic I-94 record will no longer be available for you to view. Each time you re-enter the Unites States, a new electronic I-94 will be created.
Pictured above: Electronic I-94 Record
Pictured above: Paper I-94 Record


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Published on Thursday, January 13 2011 00:00
Construction began several weeks ago on a new sound wall along Highway 36 on the western edge of Planet Bluegrass. The eight foot tall sound barrier is the final element relating to the North St. Vrain bridge projects, which were rebuilt by the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) in 2007. "This was part of the plan all along," says Planet Bluegrass president Craig Ferguson.
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Published on Thursday, January 13 2011 00:00
Surprisingly, eight citizens and two Trustees showed up at Monday evening's Planning and Community Development Commission (PCDC) meeting. Not surprisingly, six of the citizens were there to talk about unexplored options (the banning of cultivation, infusion, and sale of medical marijuana) the Town might consider. Unfortunately for those six hearty souls who had braved the frigid temperatures instead of watching the Auburn/Oregon game, medical marijuana was not on the agenda. What was on the agenda were possible amendments to the Town's annexation procedures.
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Published on Thursday, January 06 2011 00:00
In full disclosure, I am a Trustee for the Town of Lyons, a patient advocate member of the Department of Revenue's (DoR) Medical Marijuana Working Group, I am a patient myself, a caregiver, and a current business license holder. At this time I have NO financial interest in any medical marijuana business. I write this as an individual member of these various communities. I don't speak for the Board of Trustees (BoT), and I don't speak for anyone else but myself.
This week I want to provide the reader with some detailed information about cannabis research in the United States, and how cannabinoids work in the animal/human body.
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Published on Wednesday, January 12 2011 15:01
Arctic winds blew in six to nine inches of snow over the weekend, finally giving Lyons the look of a winter wonderland. Temperatures dropped into the single digits at night, but things should be warming up by the weekend.
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Published on Thursday, January 06 2011 00:00
In the interest of full disclosure, let it be known that the author of this article is married to the Mayor.The room was so empty at Monday's Board of Trustees (BOT) meeting, one might have legitimately assumed
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subset: commoncrawl


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The first Saturday in May is special to horse racing fans because the Kentucky Derby is run then. But for Aiken County residents who love plants, the first Saturday in May means it's time for the Spring Herb Faire at Pascalina, a historic home in Montmorenci.
The Herb Faire is scheduled this year for 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. on May 4.
"We want to provide a place where people can be outside and get away from their TVs and cell phones," said Linda Oswald, whose parents, Jackie and Earl Heath, own Pascalina. "We also hope we are going to broaden people's awareness and appreciation of locally produced useful products."
Nearly 30 vendors are expected to participate in the Herb Faire, according to Oswald. Among those new to the event will be Rocky Oswald, who will offer hand-built, one-man wooden boats; Charlie Burgess, who collects and reconditions antique cast iron cookware; and Susan Scoggins, who creates keepsakes from flowers and herbs.
Other products for sale will include local goat cheese and honey, goat milk soaps and lotions, pottery and stone-ground grits and cornmeal.
Rosemary, oregano and thyme will be among the fresh and/or dried herbs available for purchase.
"We have the basics, but we also try to offer herbs that people can't just go anywhere and find," Linda Oswald said. "Along with regular basil, you might find six or eight different other kinds of basil here. We'll have stevia, which is used as a sweetener."
For people who aren't sure what they want to buy, "we will have little bundles of fresh herbs," Oswald said. "They can take them home and kind of experiment with them to decide if they want to go through the trouble of growing them. We'll also have little bundles of dried herbs that people can throw into a pot of soup or a pot of spaghetti."
Pascalina has been home to the Heaths since 1964. An asparagus plantation used to be located on the surrounding property.
Cyril Pascalis, a civil engineer, formerly owned Pascalina. In the 1800s prior to the Civil War, he helped survey the route of the railroad between Hamburg and Charleston. He also was involved in surveying and laying out the streets of Aiken. During the Civil War, Pascalina served as a headquarters for Union officers as troops made their way to the coast.
In addition to the Spring Herb Faire on the first Saturday in May, Pascalina hosts another Herb Faire on the last Saturday in September each year. The Spring Herb Faire is usually the larger of the two events, attracting as many as 1,200 people, Oswald estimated.
Pascalina offered its first herb-related function in 1999.
"My mom and her friends had a little herb group and it was kind of way to share information and sell herbs," Oswald said. "There were about five different people selling herbs and herb products. Then, over the years, they saw the interest in it grow and they kept on doing it. My brother, Mike Heath, and I joined in with our mom and dad on the farm part of it. That opened up the opportunity even more for people to get to see the farm and see the where the things they are buying from us are growing."
Pascalina's address is 3250 Charleston Highway (Highway 78).
For more information about the Spring Herb Faire, call Oswald at 803-646-3774. There is no cost to attend the event.
Oswald said anyone attending the Spring Herb Fair will be able to sign up to receive email notifications about what vegetables, herbs and cut flowers are available during Pascalina's growing seasons.
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Original post:
Stay tuned to find out.
Mark Nigrini's book on Benford's Law
Investigations and experiments on food, ethics, economics, and the environment.
awesome post!!!!
Do you think there are enough numbers that occur in a quarterly filing w/ the sec to reliably tell if a company is 'fudging' their numbers using benford's law?
This is excellent but be careful - can you be sure that there has not been a change to reporting requirements which means reporting of numbers that would not follow Benford's Law?
I like the idea, however, that means some cooking at top level. if individual departments cook their book, the sum/average should follow benford law....
and i would suspect cooking to happen more at dpt level than top.
So Benford's law would dictate that 1990 (starting with a 1) should be more common than 2000, or 2001 (because they start with 2). Could this explain why Benford's law underpredicts the distribution more as we left the 20th century and entered the 21st?
@MostlyAPragmatist Benford's law applies to data sets that grow exponentially such as incomes and stock prices. It does not apply to sets of numbers you pull out of your hat, which is actually why it is useful for fraud detection.
Who said that economics can't be a science!
Good post. I'd be interested to know which variable (revenue?) was plotted in the last few charts and how many companies went into each data point (was it all 20,000, and the same 20,000 each time?)
Nice work.
Three questions:
1. Can you replot without normalizing the first two charts? There's some loss of information such as total number of firms.
2. How many types of variables are being used in your sum of squared deviations, just the total revenue and total assets for each company in each year?
3. The increase looks real but very small e.g. 0.001 to 0.008 (was this on your normalized distribution or non-normalized?) - can one estimate the number of companies engaged in fraudulent behavior? Either Bayesian or frequentist estimate would be fine.
Thanks, I wondered when someone would get around to this.
Try doing this with Fed, Pentagon and OMB numbers. I willing to bet there will be some even more significant deviations from Benford in those numbers.
Firstly, congratulations on some interesting work.
I have substantial experience applying Benford's Law to the insurance industry.
Some warnings:
There are many reasons why data may not follow Benford's Law; not just fraud.
This type of work is highly susceptible to data mining.
I have found certain types of people (usually otherwise highly intelligent mathematicians/econometricians) become so obsessed with Benfords law because of it's simplicity and elegance that they are completely blind to the two points above.
Apologies for my misuse of apostrophes in its and Benford's. Difficult posting on a cellphone.
Assets = Liabilities + Owners Equity
I think the analysis is a bit of a stretch considering there have been many changes in GAAP reporting requirements, especially on the L and OE side of the equation(off balance sheet financing, stock options, derivatives, mark-to-market, etc. over time). The underlying data may likely be skewed.
Since you appear to be Stata user, you can do a formal hypothesis test using digdis or firstdigit (both from SSC).
Thanks to everyone for their comments. Other than Sarbanes-Oxley, I haven't tested whether accounting standards changes are related to changes in the deviation. What I can say with some confidence is that these changes have made the data less representative of what's going on inside firms.
The natural quasi-random economic processes that generate assets and cashflows are still present and should still follow the law. If there were reforms, they have made the numbers LESS representative of the underlying processes.
Moreover, accounting changes don't explain why deviations from the law seem to correlate with known periods of fraud within industries. In my next post I'll look at how it correlates with known fraud within individual firms.
The main charts use quarterly data for ALL 43 variables for ALL firms in Compustat (most SEC filings by most public firms and some private ones). The first two use data from just revenues and assets for all of these firms.
Benford's law does not hold for arithmetic sequences such as years.
very interesting:
@Nello: My point was that there may be some kind of non-fraud-related data which doesn't follow a power series that is polluting the results and making it disagree with Benford's law. So, if dates were somehow being included in the data, they could show this. I see the correlation with the tech bubble and the housing bubble (at least a little bit, but mostly in the financial sector). I'm looking for a non-fraud explanation for why the numbers are increasing so uniformly in all industries regardless of whether we're entering a bubble.
I have never before seen a Benford's law time series. It is a great way to check that the law is relevant to your data set.
Aside from revenue and profits, what other series are included?
Very interesting. One thing that occurred to me was that the advent of computers could possibly have changed the way we present data, and that might have an effect on the outcome of these distributions. What happens if you look at NON-financial data of some sort with similar time histories, but that is presented in a similar was as financial reports. Say water or electricity bills or usage from dozens of utility companies. I want you to be right, but my skeptical nature warns...
Excellent Post. I suggest you use Google scholar to save yourself some work: Accounting Professors and Finance Professors have been doing similar work for nearly 20 years now, and there is a lot of good stuff there.
Past Benford's Law work shown hanky panky in Greek public finances, Enron accounting statements, and Earnings.
tylerh - Thanks for the references. I did do a literature search, but there is surprisingly NOT a lot of work out there considering how long we've known about it, and the work hasn't been as influential as it probably should be. Most academics don't know about it, and furthermore no one has done the type of broad-scale study presented here.
So I think there's quite a bit of value in getting this out there!
Benford's Law is a good tool to uncover possible fraud.
I've used it in a privately held business before, and uncovered enough questions to pursue issues. So it works and is practical.
It's a good quick cut on the data set to zero in on suspicious activity. But do be cautious about small data sets and be willing and able to drill down to the next level.
Very interesting - how would Benford's law work if the growth process stagnated? For example, if the period 2008-2011 has little to no growth in the financial numbers, wouldn't that be "suspicious" activity as per Benford?
The leading zero in values >0 and <1 would would cause some deviation for Benford's distribution. Values for Earnings Per Share are often in this range.
Interesting ideas. I wonder if the large changes in valuations of companies before and during the various crises itself could be the source of the deviation from Benfords? Ie, market values are no longer increasing at a steady geometric rate, thus skewing the number distribution.
Dummy me - can you run a chi-square test on your data? Is it significant?
Great post. I found a similar one about Benford's Law and the current mess in Europe here: http://www.helixpartners.com/market-commentary/benfords-law-and-the-eurozone/
One thing I'd be really interested in seeing is how deviations from Benford's law varies at the firm level. Do firms stick to one level? Or are they learning how to fudge numbers over time? (Learning by doing!)
What is the variation within industry vs. across industry? Do firms with a simpler production process (e.g., turning trees into paper) have different Benford deviations than firms with complex and hard-to-define production functions (e.g., software development)?
Have you run across a population of data that yields a flat line? It would be interesting to know about one or two of those.
Are there enough datapoints for you to look at Benford's law just within the universe of US-listed Chinese companies (of which many have been found fraudulent) to see if there is a meaningful divergence from what is expected?
See "Benford's Law" article in Wikipedia, section "Generalization to digits beyond the first [digit]". Formula, explanation, and references provided.
Great work. You may want to split your analysis according to the size of the firm and the size of the numbers. Discrepancy of large firms/large numbers is more important than discrepancy of small firms/small numbers.
Interesting food for thought. Would be interesting to see if there was a statistically significant difference when controlling for the number and size of public companies who are required to file with the SEC over time. It's a widely held theory in aviation that the number of fatal airline accidents will increase as passenger traffic increases. I would think that as the number of SEC filers increased, so would incidents of accounting irregularities. Additionally, the geographic diversity of companies who file with the SEC has increased dramatically in the last 20 years as the equity markets have globalized. Chinese and other foreign, emerging market companies have capitivated investors even while being notorious perpetrators of accounting fraud.
However, Benford's Law is only relevant to data sets across multiple orders of magnitude. Public companies must comply with various listing requirements that require a firm to reach and maintain a certain size in order be allowed to be publicly-traded and subject to SEC filing requirements. Smaller companies are also more likely to fail or to be consumed in M&A (mice can't eat elephants), and are much less likely to exist as public companies because of competitive dynamics in certain sectors, such as financial services. The flip side of Sarbanes-Oxley is that it also makes it much harder to justify being public as a small firm. It is interesting to note how the increase in the sum of squares corrlates with bull markets for M&A and IPOs in the mid 80's (junk-bond boom, conglomerate busting), late 90's (dot-com era), and 2000's (age of the LBO).
A test to validate the existence of a sufficiently wide and consistant variance in the population of the data set over time would make the analysis more compelling.
Neat work. Glad it's getting attention. My thought is this may reflect a) more composite statements and b) greater manipulation of earnings through financial operations. First one implies greater uncertainty which people naturally resolve in patterns we think make sense. Second implies a number is targeted - as in we need x this quarter - and again we don't want that to look what we think is unnatural.
[partly cross-posted from Mark Thoma's blog]
Interesting work, though it is important to consider whether certain economic processes [other than fraud] might bias the distribution:
One could argue that competitive pressures would drive corporate results to be correlated with each other to a greater extent than in a random power-law distribution. If high profit levels are competed away over time, figures for multiple firms would tend to approach each other. It's not obvious that this would result in non-Benford distributions, but it is certainly possible to imagine circumstances where it could (e.g. if firms with over $1 billion in profits become particularly noticeable to competitors).
Or, even given the figures are partly influenced by the managers of the companies, this might be a financially oriented management strategy rather than fraud. For instance, a company might target a 10% sales increase each year, and might then invest whatever resources it takes, or work their salespeople hard enough, to ensure that happens. Again, not certain that this would result in a Benford's law violation but it is mathematically plausible depending on the parameters.
The trend of increasing deviation from Benford's law is suggestive, as are the industry-specific trends. But again you would want to check against other potential causes: it is plausible that deregulation leads to more competition, or more financially-oriented management targets, which could cause either of the effects I've suggested above.
But all that said: maybe it is fraud after all. The fact that you've checked 43 different variables and the effects still exist is certainly interesting.
Have you tried checking each of these 43 individually, in case there are specific variables which don't fit a Benford's type distribution at all? (e.g. earnings per share might not, because companies execute stock splits or combinations which tend to push stock price, and therefore EPS, towards a consistent value across different companies)
Link to this article posted on the "Talk Economics" Bulletin Board at Bullion Bulls Canada: http://www.bullionbullscanada.com
Is the number of firms filing to the SEC increasing over time? If so, then wouldn't we expect the "sum of squares" to increase over time as well (even in the absence of fraud)? Perhaps something more like a "mean square" measure is needed.
Well ... i have a point that should be considered.
Benford's law assumes that the underling quantity does not grow or does not follow some nontrivial law of motion. The length of river is not contracting or expanding over time so systemically as the accounting variables. Thus the second measure is not valid for time processes that exhibit eg. random walk or a growth.
IMHO Benford's law should hold once a nontrivial transformation of variable is taken so that it does satisfy the underling assumption at the end. Yet this has to be shown. Maybe empirical proof could be considered as sufficient.
Thinking about the finance sector specifically:
(1) Did (or should) you control for the massive consolidation in the Bank/S&L industries (over 18k institutions in the early '80s to fewer than 8k today)? Does growth through merger influence Benford numbers differently than organic growth (i.e., would merging of three "1" banks in year 1 give you a "3" bank in year 2?)
(2) Can the Benford approach reveal anything by looking at relationships between fin'l stmt. numbers (e.g., change in total loans vs. change in loan-losses or loss reserves)?
(3) Might the growth in loan securitization since the mid-'80s explain some of the results by introducing more variance in assets and revenues than existed previously (when banks held all loans in their portfolio and had organic run-on / run-off)?
I'm still concerned about systematic effects that have changed over the years. Example: just today when recording data from my digital oscilloscope -- I was just get number that ended in even digits!? Some rounding algorithm that would make a mess of Benford's law but really didn't effect my data in any way.
What happens when businesses stop using pennies? Does this walk up the ladder all the way so that all numbers have an excess of 5's? How about the change when the markets went from fractional numbers to decimal? You really need some controls. Also, the details of which digits are either over or under represented might shed light on if there are logical systematic effects that could account for discrepancies.
What happens if you run the data again, but throw away the least significant digit in every number? This would presumably remove most of the effects I am concerned about, yet leave the effects you are concerned about exposed.
@MostlyAPragmatist This law is not meant to be applied to a data type like 'calendar year'.
Jialan - excellent analysis, I feel extremely wonky after reading through it! I found your blog through a link on Dealbreaker. Looking forward to more posts.
Have you tried the KL-divergence as a measure of the difference between two distributions? It's a more natural notion of distance than the sum of squares error.
Yes, as mentioned above, why use sum of squares rather than MSE / RMSE? Surely the error should be normalized to account for increase in the number of companies reporting..
Also if no effect were found this would certainly not rule out fraud. In fact, since Benford's law has been well known for awhile, I would expect expert book-cookers to ensure their fraudulent numbers are consistent with the law.
One good set of well-known book-cooking companies are Chinese companies that listed their stock on the U.S. exchanges via a reverse takeover. At least 80% of them have turned out to be frauds.
It would be interesting if you could run your analysis on this group of companies. I can provide you with a list of them if needed.
> more numbers in the universe that begin with the digit 1 than 2, or 3...
According to Benford's Law, that statement is incorrect. The probability that a number starts with 1 is log10(2) = 0.3, so there are fewer numbers in the universe that start with 1 than 2,3,4,5,6,7,8, or 9.
It is possible for someone committing fraud to be aware of Benford's law, and adjust the numbers accordingly. I would be interested in seeing plots of the same data, but in a different base (e.g. plot the frequency of first digits in base 6 vs log_6(1 + 1/d))
Interesting post.
Previous research on the subject for context: http://www.jstor.org/pss/247861
This is pretty cool. It's always amazing to find skews in things that I would think were random.
I dispute Benford's Law. Here's a simple proof that the number of numbers starting with the digit 2 is greater than the number of numbers starting with the digit 1.
* * *
Let X be the set of all numbers starting with the digit 1.
Let Y be the set of all numbers starting with the digit 2.
There are both odd and even numbers in X.
There are both odd and even numbers in Y.
Let Z be the set of all numbers that equals 2 multiplied by each number in X.
The number of numbers in Z equals the number of numbers in X.
Since Y contains all numbers that start with the digit 2, then Z must either be a subset of Y or equal to Y.
However, each number in Z is an even number; therefore, Z must be smaller than Y.
Since Z is equal to X, then X must be smaller than Y.
Therefore, the number of numbers that begin with the digit 1 is smaller than the number of numbers that begin with the digit 2.
* * *
@Ray Balestri: when you take a number that starts with 1, and multiply it by two, you don't necessarily get a number that starts with 2. Consider, for example, 15*2=30. Don't bother trying to correct the proof. The cardinality of all natural numbers starting with 1 is the same as the cardinality of the whole set of natural numbers... both are aleph null. Benford's Law is not a statement about number theory.
Ouch. You are correct.
What, then, does Benford's Law explain or describe?
Anonymous, don't bother responding. Wikipedia's entry is very helpful. The lead-in sentence, which makes a lot of sense, says: "Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, states that in lists of numbers from many (but not all) real-life sources of data, the leading digit is distributed in a specific, non-uniform way."
Of course, this is much different from Ms. Wang's rather imprecise and misleading statement: "there are more numbers in the universe that begin with the digit 1 than 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, or 6, or 7, or 8, or 9."
The universe is a pretty big place, producing results closer to the what one would expect to find under number theory than Benford's Law.
How about some update on the problem you have found, and when might we see the new results,, I suspect that it may be minor and that the results may still be directionally accurate?
So, all was nonsense.
awesome. Although it is very technical. But it really helps. Looking forward for your next post =)
Has anyone checked Groupon's declared numbers for their fit with Benford's Law?
Are Compustat numbers normalized at all or can you count on a one to one relationship with reported data in the SEC filings? Love this stuff!
China is on the decline so where is the true supply-side fundamental growth that can support Dow 12,000 ???
16 Facts About China That Will Make Your Mind Melt , and why the Lie about China's economic growth as an International investment needs to be Debated .
Tighter Oversight of China Bank Risk Needed: IMF
I think there is a good case to be made that would suggest that the multi-Nationalists Corporations are Cooking the books a little bit today because what the heck is going on today to support Dow Jones equities at 12,000 when in 2006-7 we had a whole lot more going on than we do NOW ????
If they will allow this to go one they will allow the Multi-Nationals to cook their books don't ya think ?????
Congress: Trading stock on inside information?
'60 Minutes' Uncovers Pelosi's Insider Stock Trades
Note the good fit to Benford's Law. The spikes were mainly due to recurrences of low value invoice amounts. The analysis was done in IDEA using the Benford's Law analysis tool.
What is really interesting about the article is not the magnitude of deviation from Benford's law, it's the change in deviation over time.
I've placed an Excel spreadsheet for investigating Benford's Law here
Benford's Law is pretty good technique to detect the frauds and irregularities in accounting data, i have prepared a guide and step by step guidance on how to apply the benfords law using MS-Excel.


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Mobile home park faces foreclosureMay 15,2013BENNINGTON A Bennington mobile home park that has been under pressure from the town and the state of Vermont to fix problems with its water supply is now facing a foreclosure complaint.
The complaint against John Bushee Jr., owner of Sunset Farm Mobile Home Park, was filed April 30 in Bennington civil court by an attorney for Peoples United Bank.
The Bennington Banner reported the complaint said real estate taxes and a promissory note havent been paid, putting Bushee in default. The original promissory note was for $120,000.
Bennington records say the park owes $31,839 in property taxes, including interest and penalties, going back to 2008.
Lawyers in the case have declined to comment.
Last year the Town of Bennington reached an agreement with Bushee to fix a problem with the water system that supplies the park. The agreement calls for Bushee to install a new filtration system. He needs a permit from the Department of Environmental Conservation Drinking Water and Groundwater Protection Division for the system, but as of late last month it had not been granted.MORE IN This Just InBy Kathleen Phalen Tomaselli Full StoryBennington College and Middlebury College both top a list for most entrepreneurial colleges in... Full StoryWas the response to an alleged assault at College of St. Full Story
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- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: City mayoral candidates debate campaign issues; Hartford, Conn., woman still missing; Neal Goswami reports attempts to legislate suicide; local woman loses 100 pounds through TOPS program.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1878, JOHN TUNSTALL murdered near Lincoln, New Mexico, by the outlaw JESSE EVANS; in 1930, ELM FARM OLLIE first cow to fly in aircraft, first to be milked airborne; 1955, nuke test WASP; '79, snow in Sahara.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Rutland Herald News Editor Alan J. Keays and staff writer Gordon Dritschilo discuss stories planned for the February 18, 2015, edition of the newspaper: Winter budgets maxed, legal marijuana, Springfield bank job, USPS slowdown
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1249 AD, ANDRE of LONGJUMEAU is dispatched by LOUIS IX of France to meet the KHAGAN, ruler of the Mongol Empire; in 1804, during 1st Barbary War, STEPHEN DECATUR scuttles the pirate-held USS Philadelphia in Tripoli.


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WASHINGTON, D.C. The Afghan war effort eventually would be harmed by across-the-board budget cuts, even as the Obama administration intends to shield the militarys combat mission from the reductions, the Pentagons No. 2 official said Friday.
There will be second-order effects on the war, Ashton Carter, the deputy defense secretary, said in an interview in his office with a small group of reporters. Deferred maintenance on weapons and other equipment, for example, will eventually erode the combat fitness of military units deploying to Afghanistan, he said.
The U.S. has about 66,000 troops in Afghanistan, with an undetermined number of withdrawals expected this year and in 2014.
The administration holds out hope that Congress will come up with a deficit-cutting mechanism to replace the across-the-board spending cuts due to take effect March 1, but Carter suggested that hopes are not high.
Defense Secretary Leon Panetta and Gen. Martin Dempsey, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, have repeatedly warned that the threatened defense cuts, amounting to about $50 billion this budget year, would hurt national security. Carter said he feared that the message has not been heard widely enough in Congress and across the country.
If the cuts take effect in March, hundreds of thousands of Pentagon civilian employees will face furloughs and reduced paychecks by April, Carter said. They would lose one day of work per week for the remainder of the budget year, which ends in September, he said.
This is painful to us, Carter said.
The Pentagon has about 800,000 civilian employees; they have not yet been officially notified of furloughs. Carter said the furloughs would be expected to save $5 billion. No military positions will be cut, he said.
Carter said the Pentagon already is eliminating all 46,000 of its temporary civilian workers in anticipation of budget cuts.
Carter also disclosed that he will remain on the job as deputy defense secretary in President Barack Obamas second term. He said Obama had called him after nominating Chuck Hagel to be his next defense secretary, asking Carter to remain.
I agreed to do that, and Im enthusiastic about doing that, he said, adding that he believes Hagel will be a good Pentagon chief.
Carter had been mentioned as a possible Obama choice for energy secretary.
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Students at Southwood Valley Elementary School in College Station were empowered with words of wisdom to combat what some of them might face from time to time, bullying.
Over 500 kidsat Southwood Valley Elementary school took home a special message about bully prevention.
Students were pumped and excited to get the ball rolling as they waited for the big surprise.
And what a surprise it was.
"I'm from the Bronx New York and where I'm from people never came to my school so anytime I have a chance to go to somebody else's school, I try to do the best job I can," said Browley Chisholm.
Browley Chisholm with the Harlem Globetrotters, also known as "Cheese," lit up the court showing off his special basketball skills while the kids 'cheesed' from ear to ear.
It was a job well done as "Cheese" had the students reciting a different type of ABC's to strike down bullying.
"A, stood for action that way you can act in case you see somebody bullying, being bullied and you can go tell an adult," said Skylar Ford, Southwood Valley student.
"B and C stood for bravery and compassion. Bravery stood for stand up for your dreams and don't let anything stand in your way," said Bianca Lasagna, Southwood Valley student.
And what's a day on the court without some basketball tricks. Students were in awe at all the fun tricks "Cheese" showed them.
"In this millennium bullying has enhanced because of social media and things have changed over time. It may turn out on a bad hand or a good hand, but it's good that I have a chance to neutralize it," said Chisolm.
" You can do whatever you want.You don't do what people tell you you can do and if you achieve your goals you'll be a good person," said Keshun Cooper.
Students were empowered with the message to set goals and combat bullying, one day at a time.
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Have your say on the proposed budget
The City aims to strike the best possible balance between the City's responsibility to deliver services and infrastructure to our residents. The Valuer General has undergone a revaluation of all properties in our community. While the amount of rate revenue generated for 2013/2014 will be, on average 4.9 percent higher, individual increases may well be greater or less than this depending on the new values for each property.
Have your say on the City's proposed rate increase by 4.00pm Tuesday, 20 August 2013 on the following website:


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- Biowissenschaften (3)
- Medizin (1)
- SuperSAGE : the drought stress-responsive transcriptome of chickpea roots (2008)
- Background Drought is the major constraint to increase yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Improving drought tolerance is therefore of outmost importance for breeding. However, the complexity of the trait allowed only marginal progress. A solution to the current stagnation is expected from innovative molecular tools such as transcriptome analyses providing insight into stress-related gene activity, which combined with molecular markers and expression (e)QTL mapping, may accelerate knowledge-based breeding. SuperSAGE, an improved version of the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) technique, generating genome-wide, high-quality transcription profiles from any eukaryote, has been employed in the present study. The method produces 26 bp long fragments (26 bp tags) from defined positions in cDNAs, providing sufficient sequence information to unambiguously characterize the mRNAs. Further, SuperSAGE tags may be immediately used to produce microarrays and probes for real-time-PCR, thereby overcoming the lack of genomic tools in non-model organisms. Results We applied SuperSAGE to the analysis of gene expression in chickpea roots in response to drought. To this end, we sequenced 80,238 26 bp tags representing 17,493 unique transcripts (UniTags) from drought-stressed and non-stressed control roots. A total of 7,532 (43%) UniTags were more than 2.7-fold differentially expressed, and 880 (5.0%) were regulated more than 8-fold upon stress. Their large size enabled the unambiguous annotation of 3,858 (22%) UniTags to genes or proteins in public data bases and thus to stress-response processes. We designed a microarray carrying 3,000 of these 26 bp tags. The chip data confirmed 79% of the tag-based results, whereas RT-PCR confirmed the SuperSAGE data in all cases. Conclusion This study represents the most comprehensive analysis of the drought-response transcriptome of chickpea available to date. It demonstrates that – inter alias – signal transduction, transcription regulation, osmolyte accumulation, and ROS scavenging undergo strong transcriptional remodelling in chickpea roots already 6 h after drought stress. Certain transcript isoforms characterizing these processes are potential targets for breeding for drought tolerance. We demonstrate that these can be easily accessed by micro-arrays and RT-PCR assays readily produced downstream of SuperSAGE. Our study proves that SuperSAGE owns potential for molecular breeding also in non-model crops.
- APADB: a database for alternative polyadenylation and microRNA regulation events (2014)
- Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism that contributes to the sophisticated dynamics of gene regulation. Approximately 50% of all protein-coding human genes harbor multiple polyadenylation (PA) sites; their selective and combinatorial use gives rise to transcript variants with differing length of their 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). Shortened variants escape UTR-mediated regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs), especially in cancer, where global 3'UTR shortening accelerates disease progression, dedifferentiation and proliferation. Here we present APADB, a database of vertebrate PA sites determined by 3' end sequencing, using massive analysis of complementary DNA ends. APADB provides (A)PA sites for coding and non-coding transcripts of human, mouse and chicken genes. For human and mouse, several tissue types, including different cancer specimens, are available. APADB records the loss of predicted miRNA binding sites and visualizes next-generation sequencing reads that support each PA site in a genome browser. The database tables can either be browsed according to organism and tissue or alternatively searched for a gene of interest. APADB is the largest database of APA in human, chicken and mouse. The stored information provides experimental evidence for thousands of PA sites and APA events. APADB combines 3' end sequencing data with prediction algorithms of miRNA binding sites, allowing to further improve prediction algorithms. Current databases lack correct information about 3'UTR lengths, especially for chicken, and APADB provides necessary information to close this gap. Database URL: http://tools.genxpro.net/apadb/
- The salt-responsive transcriptome of chickpea roots and nodules via deepSuperSAGE (2011)
- Background: The combination of high-throughput transcript profiling and next-generation sequencing technologies is a prerequisite for genome-wide comprehensive transcriptome analysis. Our recent innovation of deepSuperSAGE is based on an advanced SuperSAGE protocol and its combination with massively parallel pyrosequencing on Roche's 454 sequencing platform. As a demonstration of the power of this combination, we have chosen the salt stress transcriptomes of roots and nodules of the third most important legume crop chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). While our report is more technology-oriented, it nevertheless addresses a major world-wide problem for crops generally: high salinity. Together with low temperatures and water stress, high salinity is responsible for crop losses of millions of tons of various legume (and other) crops. Continuously deteriorating environmental conditions will combine with salinity stress to further compromise crop yields. As a good example for such stress-exposed crop plants, we started to characterize salt stress responses of chickpeas on the transcriptome level. Results: We used deepSuperSAGE to detect early global transcriptome changes in salt-stressed chickpea. The salt stress responses of 86,919 transcripts representing 17,918 unique 26bp deepSuperSAGE tags (UniTags) from roots of the salt-tolerant variety INRAT-93 two hours after treatment with 25 mM NaCl were characterized. Additionally, the expression of 57,281 transcripts representing 13,115 UniTags was monitored in nodules of the same plants. From a total of 144,200 analyzed 26bp tags in roots and nodules together, 21,401 unique transcripts were identified. Of these, only 363 and 106 specific transcripts, respectively, were commonly up- or down-regulated (>3.0-fold) under salt stress in both organs, witnessing a differential organ-specific response to stress. Profiting from recent pioneer works on massive cDNA sequencing in chickpea, more than 9,400 UniTags were able to be linked to UniProt entries. Additionally, gene ontology (GO) categories over-representation analysis enabled to filter out enriched biological processes among the differentially expressed UniTags. Subsequently, the gathered information was further cross-checked with stress-related pathways. From several filtered pathways, here we focus exemplarily on transcripts associated with the generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as on transcripts involved in Na+ homeostasis. Although both processes are already very well characterized in other plants, the information generated in the present work is of high value. Information on expression profiles and sequence similarity for several hundreds of transcripts of potential interest is now available. Conclusions: This report demonstrates, that the combination of the high-throughput transcriptome profiling technology SuperSAGE with one of the next-generation sequencing platforms allows deep insights into the first molecular reactions of a plant exposed to salinity. Cross validation with recent reports enriched the information about the salt stress dynamics of more than 9,000 chickpea ESTs, and enlarged their pool of alternative transcripts isoforms. As an example for the high resolution of the employed technology that we coin deepSuperSAGE, we demonstrate that ROS-scavenging and -generating pathways undergo strong global transcriptome changes in chickpea roots and nodules already 2 hours after onset of moderate salt stress (25mM NaCl). Additionally, a set of more than 15 candidate transcripts are proposed to be potential components of the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway in chickpea. Newly identified transcript isoforms are potential targets for breeding novel cultivars with high salinity tolerance. We demonstrate that these targets can be integrated into breeding schemes by micro-arrays and RT-PCR assays downstream of the generation of 26bp tags by SuperSAGE.


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To The Editor:
I thought the squabble over the Waitsfield town offices couldn't get more foolish, but the letters in last week's Valley Reporter proved me wrong.
Should the select board not have accepted a substantial gift to help purchase a property that voters approved, by a wide margin, two months ago? Rejecting this offer would be negligent and irresponsible.
The board took on the demanding task of finding new town offices that enrich Waitsfield Village at the lowest cost to local taxpayers. They succeeded far beyond all reasonable expectations. Because of gifts and grants secured by the board, the new building will cost the town practically nothing and the Main Street location is picture-perfect for town offices. Town leaders deserve kudos, not condemnation.
And who can blame the donor for wanting to remain anonymous? A small, outspoken group has constantly rubbished those who don't support the much more expensive and uncertain church option. Why would this person want to expose themselves to shameful accusations of dishonesty, conspiracy mongering over secret agendas and manipulating the system and the sour grumbling about not being listened to after 60 percent of the voters approved the plan?
I hope Waitsfield voters have a more rational perspective than these letter writers.
Cynthia Nelson
Warren and Tarrytown, NY


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We all know that it's what's on the inside that really defines a person. But in the real world, your external appearance, including your hair, can do a lot to affect your success in life. Hair care and styling can be a factor that may affect your ability to get a job, get a promotion or a raise, or succeed in the dating world and other personal relationships.
"We have many decades of research that physical attractiveness -- including hair -- does affect how others perceive you, and the opportunities that are created," says Carla Lundblade, MS, a clinical therapist in Beverly Hills and a sports and celebrity counselor. "For example, studies have shown that attractive men earn an average of 5% more than unattractive men. And attractive women are also presented with a wider range of opportunities in their careers and personal lives."
So what kind of message are you sending to the world with the appearance and style of your hair? While a stylish haircut and color may not be what gets you that job or that raise, it may be true that the opposite -- an unkempt or uncared-for look -- could make a recruiter think twice about hiring you. And in today's economy, you don't want to let any negatives drag you down, so your hair is important!
"Hair and appearance are part of a total package for anyone looking to move forward in their career or in life, and should be considered as something you'd improve just like your resume," says Lundblade. "This doesn't mean looking like somebody else -- it means looking like the best 'you' you can be."
Finding Your Best You
So how do you find that best you and bring it out with your hairstyle? Rowena Yeager, who owns Salon Wish in Streetsboro, Ohio, and serves on the Salon and Spa Council of the Professional Beauty Association, says it's about finding something about you that's striking and beautiful, and then using your hairstyle to highlight it.
"Some people focus on hiding flaws, but to me, it's more important to find where the beauty is than to look for flaws to correct or conceal," she says.
Do you have high, strong cheekbones? A great smile? Large, captivating eyes? "Your stylist should try to enhance your best feature through your color and haircut," Yeager says. For example, if your cheekbones are your best feature, consider styling your hair so that layers brush gently in toward the face at cheekbone level.
Maintain to Gain
No matter what style your hair is, make sure that it's well kept and cared for. "If you have color, make sure that you don't have a regrowth line, for example," says Yeager. "If you have dramatic, straight, Bette Page-style bangs, you need to take particular care of your eyebrows, since they'll draw attention there. You want to project that you care about yourself and care about the position you're applying for, or the people that you're meeting."
Consult a Professional
You should work with a stylist to find the length and shape of cut and hairstyle that best suit you, says George Gonzalez, owner of George -- The Salon in Chicago and a former freelance stylist for many of Oprah Winfrey's celebrity guests. In other words, the night before you have dinner with your future in-laws or go in to meet with your boss about a promotion is not the time for do-it-yourself haircuts or hair color.
"Ideally, you want to have a haircut that creates an oval face shape," Gonzalez explains. "If you have a round face, you'll want a more square haircut, while if you have a long or rectangular face shape, you may want interior layers that break up and create a bit of width around the cheekbones, and bangs to shorten up the face shape."
There's no one 'perfect' style for any person or event, Gonzalez says. "For some hair, the texture means that it looks better when it's longer, and with other people, they have such fine hair that when it's too short, it has no shape."
Keep It Simple
Many people planning for a big day try for a big hair change, says Scott Buchanan, owner of the Scott J Salons and Spas in New York City and vice president of the Professional Beauty Association Salon and Spa Council. But sometimes, less is more.
"Don't be drastic with your hair," he says. "If you have a big date or a big job interview the next day, don't go into the salon with long brown hair and come out a double-processed blonde with highlights and short hair. You want to boost your sense of self and sense of security with your appearance for a high-stakes situation, and if you don't feel like yourself, the way you're perceived will be off."
But while you shouldn't make huge changes in your hair, a new cut or style or freshened hair color can make all the difference in your confidence level. "When your hair looks good, you feel good. Anything fresh makes you feel fresh and confident," says Buchanan. "It very much affects your mood. When you feel more put together, you act more put together, and that definitely has an effect on how people perceive you."


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Made up entirely of six local homeschoolers, the Carroll County 4-H Livestock Club will be the first team from the state of Virginia to represent the Commonwealth in the National 4-H Quiz Bowl this September in Omaha, Nebraska.
Teenagers Claire Gleason, Abigail Williams, India Williams, Jessica Vass, Michael Robinson and Jeffery Vass earned the honor April 5th by winning Virginia's Inaugural 4-H Quiz Bowl in Fishersville. Ironically, it was another competition, the Stockman's event, that the team thought would be its ticket to the nationals.
"They placed second in the Stockman's event. I told them that morning, 'The Quiz Bowl is for fun. We are going to take first in the state in Stockman's and go to Kentucky in November,'" said Tammy Vass, who coaches the team along with Kay Williams. "We didn't know there was a national for the Quiz Bowl and they just kept buzzing in and winning. We won five or six rounds and everybody is like, 'Have fun at nationals.'"
Vass said the Quiz Bowl has been in existence for about six years now, but 2013 was the first time Virginia has held a state event for the competition. With Carroll County performing so well, the rest of Southwest Virginia quickly began rooting for the team to carry the state banner.
"Everybody was kind of blown away from the area. Everything happens in Roanoke and Northern Virginia, so Southwest Virginia, they are rooting for us too because Northern Virginia is pretty big," Williams said. "They've got a lot of kids, so it is not uncommon for them to be sweeping the awards. For Southwest Virginia to pack in a little punch, it was kind of fun."
Vass said Carroll County beat Augusta County in the finals to earn the state title and a berth to the nationals. She said the Augusta County coach told her the team thought it would be in good shape if it could just beat Montgomery County.
"She said, 'Where did you guys come from?'" Vass said. "Anybody from our area, whether it be Pulaski County, Abingdon, we are glad to see each other do really good in these contests because there is not as many kids to pick from down this way as there is from Northern Virginia."
While the team prepares for the Quiz Bowl, many of the other events it competes in such as the Stockman's paid dividends at the Quiz Bowl. Vass said the team has been together now for about six years. The Stockman's event is so all-encompassing with livestock, it has helped the team's knowledge steadily increase, she said.
"We have books and videos, I've had speakers come in, we've went to farms, and then we've competed at every event we could. And when we get our results back, we go over what we missed and we study it again," Vass said. "With the 4-H Quiz Bowl, they even asked about current events with your Progressive Farmer and Beef Magazine, and then there is a cattleman's handbook, there is a swine and pig handbook, lots of stuff. We are responsible for the cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, including equipment, meat, feed, breeds, anything at all from those (areas)."
Ages range from 15-18 for the six homeschoolers in the Carroll County 4-H Livestock Club. Vass said the club was started because the students wanted to be in Future Farmers of America (FFA) but couldn't because they didn't take public school classes. So she approached former Carroll County 4-H Extension Agent Emily Nester about starting the livestock club.
"These six homeschoolers have stuck with it and it's been fun," Vass said.
The club meets the first and third Wednesday of each month at the local extension office. They are also members of the Grayson/Carroll Cattleman's Association. The students all study on their own, with Vass sending them homework each week through e-mail to go over at each bimonthly meeting.
Donations welcome, support needed
Taking six students and their families to the National 4-H Quiz Bowl in Nebraska will not be a cheap endeavor, but it's one both Vass and Williams are determined to make happen. Already, the team has held a fundraiser selling strawberries at the Galax Wal-Mart on April 12.
The team must come up with a $100 entry fee in addition to a hotel for three families for three or four nights and roundtrip airfare for 13 people, Vass said.
"And we want to make it a learning experience for the kids, too. We want to let them compete, but also take in that particular area," Vass said. "If the families have to chip in, we will chip in, but our goal is we are going."
Vass said the club has money in its account from a citrus fruit fundraiser around Christmas. She will also be sending out letters and trying to come up with more fundraising ideas for this spring and summer.
"The kids have done real well to raise money. They know what their year encompasses, so come fundraising time they are out there doing what they need to and we have almost been self-sufficient," Vass said. "We have had a few groups support us, but overall they have worked at the county fair selling hot dogs, we usually do a Southern States sale, they pretty much know what it takes to run the club in a year and raise that money so we have some for next year."
Anyone wishing to help can reach Tammy Vass by calling (276) 728-4602, emailing email@example.com or writing her at 25 Kenmore Road, Hillsville, Va., 24343.
"Donations are welcome and support is needed," Jessica Vass said.


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Fear Quotes and Sayings
The scariest moment is always just before you start.
– Stephen King
Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate, but that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness, that most frightens us. Your playing small does not serve the world; there is nothing enlightened about shrinking yourself so that others will not feel insecure about you.
Don't let the fear of striking out keep you away from playing the game.
Risk everything, fear nothing, have no regrets.
No one is afraid of heights, they are afraid of the fall.
No one is afraid to play, they are afraid to lose.
No one is afraid of the dark, they are afraid of what's in it.
Respect Everyone, Fear No one.
– Roger Federer
Fear is a spirit that keeps you sitting, Boldness helps you to stand. Humility reminds us when to sit again, Pride never sits only stands.
Always chase your dreams instead of running from your fears.
You can discover what your enemy fears most by observing the means he uses to frighten you.
– Eric Hoffer
A fear of the unknown keeps a lot of people from leaving bad situations. Don't let this happen to you!


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Leila Studded Perforated Leather Sandal
Style # 209989
With a sleek metallic heel and chic perforated leather embellished with round studs, this bebe sandal is sure to glam up your weekend wardrobe.
- Leather upper, man-made sole
- Nylon zipper at heel
- Imported
Leila Studded Perforated Leather Sandal 1 1
Not what expected! This shoe is okay. It looks kinda big and bulky. This shoe kinda runs big/ or true to size, so no need for going a size up. I was fairly disappointed with this shoe. It wasn't what I expected. I was looking for a cute flat sandal that I could wear with almost anything, and this was not it. Its just something that isn't right about this shoe. By the way, I ordered it in blk... and back they go! March 28, 2013
1-1 of 1


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Show you care by sending these beautiful roses to anyone.
Let your loved ones know that they are always in your thoughts.
Wish someone a beautiful day.
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Monday, May 5, 2014
A leisurely trip from Myrtle Beach back to his home in Charleston turned into some interesting moments for S.C. Rep. Wendell Gilliard when he decided to take quick detour to see the boat landing for Sandy Island.
He said he has been trying to help the residents of the island obtain funding for a new ferry boat so he decided to show a friend he was with the landing where the ferry is docked.
It was as they were leaving, they saw something much more interesting than a boat.
When we were leaving and I turned back onto Sandy Island Road, I saw this huge thing and it was taking its time crossing the road, Gilliard said.
That thing was a big alligator that was crossing Sandy Island Road. Once it reached one side of the road it turned around and walked back to the other side.
He said he asked his friend to use her phone to record that slow-moving gator.
Gilliard said he has seen many alligators in his life.
I have never seen one that big. Never in my life, he said.
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Mrs. McDaniel, the daughter of the late Alonzo Lee Batchelor and Annie Lou Bullington Batchelor, was born in Bradley on June 6, 1931, and had lived here most of her life. After completing her education, she devoted her life to making a home for her family. Mrs. McDaniel was a member of Elam Baptist Church and was preceded in death by her husband, Hugh Poland McDaniel.
Mrs. McDaniel is survived by her sons, Larry McDaniel, Glynn McDaniel Sr., Billy Joe McDaniel and Jerry McDaniel; grandchildren, Dawn Wilder, Sherman McDaniel, Missy Jones, Katie Stephens, Larry Paul McDaniel and Glynn McDaniel Jr.; 12 great-grandchildren; and by a host of nieces and nephews.
The family may be contacted at the residence at 129 Craine Lake Circle in Gray.
In lieu of flowers, the family requests that contributions be made in Mrs. McDaniel's memory to Elam Baptist Church, 203 Elam Church Road, Gray, GA 31032.
Bridges Funeral Home and Crematory in Gray had charge of arrangements. Please visit the online memorial at www.bridgesfh.com.


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|138 posts found
Advanced Member
Joined: 1/04/05
Originally posted by TwoThreeFour
In GW1, I never bought anything from the CS in game. I won't now. The CS, is just icing on the cake. They really are trying to get most of their money from box sales - just like other software producers do. If you don't use the CS - it is not a big deal. Companies depending on subs may (notice may have issues) if people decide not tp pay for month to month playing.
A.Net is a small company compared to Blizzard and EA, for example. So, they need time to deal with this, they did in GW1 and I expect them to in GW2.
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Novice Member
Joined: 7/03/04
Hmm, I'm usually too busy running around to notice what others are doing but lately I have been noticing more botters myself.
Cheaters destroyed APB as well. Granted it had its issues but damnit I loved that game. I fracking hate cheaters. But APB did not act efficiently in removing those cheaters and the game, as intriguing as some aspects were, crashed and burned. I hope GW2 gets this under control. Seriously.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 3/26/12
Originally posted by botrytis
Either you assume that the boxes themselves are enough to make Arenanet "successful" or you assume that they need a certain income through item mall to reach that goal. If you assume the former, then yeah, you are right, there is no real need to spend more money, just buying the box is enough; however, I assume the latter. It comes down to opinions and cynicism I suppose.
The Listener
Joined: 3/04/08
Does anyone seriously believe that any game with an active 3rd party gold sales market does not have a lot of botting? Do you think it's one underpaid, semi-slave gold farmer in a sweatshop per character? Every popular game has gold farmers and power-leveling bots with scripts running multiple characters at the same time. They just check on each one occasionally to make sure the script hasn't malfunctioned.
And you should have a look at the official forums... there is a heck of a lot of account banning due to "using macros or 3rd party programs." So much so that some who are apparently innocent--or so they say in the forums--are being caught in the net.
And btw... not all of them use the teleport to the next mob exploit. Some do but not all. Some are very simple static bots farming DEs... the classic example is the DE at the broken bridge in Kessex Hills. The bots there are extremely simple and move only occasionally to collect the loot. You can see them continuously spamming an attack or sequence of attacks at the same general area whether there are currently mobs there or not--engineer bots are the most common there. Other bots do farm larger areas moving from mob to mob. The simplest ones and easiest to spot are the teleporters. But there are others with much better script AI that behave in a way that is almost indistinguishable from a live player farming drops in the area. The only thing they have in common is that these are either guardians, warriors or rangers. I have yet to see a necro, ele, mesmer or thief bot.
There's all kinds of stuff being posted here about how this is typical of NCSOFT or how ANET botched the programming by having more things happen client side than other MMOs or having no good anti-botting AI built in.... I'm still waiting for persuasive proof that either one of these two is true. And it really doesn't matter all that much anyway: they will find a way to bot... you can count on that.
What's really happening here is that the number of gold-farming bots is directly proportional to the popularity of the game. WOW has lots and so does GW2...big surprise there! Maybe you should start to worry if all botting and gold sales email spam suddenly stop
Novice Member
Joined: 3/03/10
The botting thread grows daily on the official forums. It has 376 replies and a staggering 72,000 views at this point. They have started deleting any screenshots or youtube links that provide proof of botting. Which seems a little odd to me, since anyone playing the game (that has a brain) has already noticed them.
The same bots have been in Penitent Path for well over a week now.
Novice Member
Joined: 7/09/06
It is getting to the point where most players I see, Im not sure if the player is real or a robot.
I see them in DE areas,I see them in groups in random areas of the maps..I see the obvious ones with names like fhghdh or less obvious with actual names..
I was in a cave last night and a guardian bot was in there,teleporting all over the place to aggro multiple mobs.I couldnt help but sit there for a minute and watch..heh
its gotten pretty bad.
Advanced Member
Joined: 4/26/12
Originally posted by Jyiiga
They deleted stuff on the grounds of 'innocent until proven guilty' - it is against forum rules to post stuff with other peoples' names unless they give permission.
Novice Member
Joined: 10/05/08
Originally posted by jaserion
I am still amazed people are suprised.
Korean MMO's have never had quality, that is why they could afford to be free. Because they were very simple games with just lot of flash in the frontend.
Before and during launch, you saw countless posts how GW2 lnot needing a subscription was proof western developers were lying with their claim they needed subs to pay for servers and support.
Well guess what? Those posters were wrong.
NCSoft has always cut corners, two corners were cut in GW2. GM support is nowhere to be seen. GM's are people and people want paying. If your income from a customer is 50 bucks, there are only so many minutes of support that buys. If it even comes up to a whole minute.
The second corner cut is a disaster, they made a client based MMORPG. Yeah, I know, what a bunch of morons.
For those who don't know, only a retard would these days consider making a client based FPS.
Most FPS and ALL western MMO's are server based.
What does that mean? It refers to where the math is done to calculate the results of your actions. A client FPS/MMORPG basically works like a single player game and single player games are well known for cheats. You can easily alter the input (aim bots) or the results of your input (money cheats, infinite health, warp exploits).
In a server based game, this is not possible. You game client send your command (move forward) and the server that has been keeping track of where you are, calculates your new position and transmits it back to you.
It is why western MMO's suffer from lag, rubber banding (your game engine doesn't wait for the server to tell it its new position but moves you already, but then puts you back if it doesn't get acknowledgement from the server) etc etc.
AND it requires powerful servers and fast connections.
But it does prevent most cheating.
Rule 1 of multiplayer game design, NEVER EVER DO THE GAME LOGIC ON THE CLIENT. This is an absolute rule and NCSoft broke it to cut costs and the fanboys ignored it because they never heard of aimbots and cheating in online games before.
NCSoft screwed up big time. And if they don't fix it fast, EVERYONE will be using bots because the current end game design requires insane amounts of gold and materials.
I predict NCSoft can't fix it, won't fix it and the game will enter a death spiral when it comes time to pay for the next expansion.
They can't even safe it with the cash shop, who is going to buy gold from the most expensive gold shop active in the game? And if they can't ban bots, what makes you think they can buy gold sellers/buyers?
FF9 called, it wants it braindead design back.
Novice Member
Joined: 1/06/12
Originally posted by Terranah
If you are talking about RTW APB then yes. If you are talking about RP APB:R then no. The game has regular updates and a developer has said that they are hiring at the moment. It isn't the 100 man team it once was, but I believe they last said that there team was over 20. That is not bad for a f2p game. On hackers, yes they exist. Just like in any f2p title. However, it is not nearly as bad in todays APB as people make it out to be. Most people just can't believe that someone can completely demolish them.
Advanced Member
Joined: 1/31/11
I've seen more bots in this game than any other game unfortunately. I guess I play during their busiest work hours or something, but I report every one. I have faith they'll find a way to reduce the botters. It sounds like they are doing the best they can.
I think some people need to redirect their frustration to those directly responsible though. The employees and companies that hunt for ways to sell game currency is the problem. I'm not going to blame the design of the game for people being stupid, selfish, and disrespecting the EULA. People will do that no matter how it's handled.
I've seen people driving 80mph right pass highway patrol in the next lane (and obviously gets caught), but that won't stop anyone from just doing it again, over and over and over again, just finding new ways to not get caught. Stop blaming the people that brought this game to us in the first place for a problem that they are facing just like we do.
If you bitch long enough, they won't have any desire left to give you a game to bitch about. Some of you are just ungrateful aholes that don't even realize the hard work that goes in to making a game, much less trying to monitor everyone trying to break the rules. If the developers bring us a game that we all want to play in the first place, then they damn well deserve our respect for that achievement and we can show a little more maturity in working with them to stop gold-selling. That's the difference between those here that give constructive criticism and ideas versus those of you just saying random bullshit aimed at the developers like little kids in the schoolyard crying after someone tries to break your toy. Get your enemies straight so you know who to fight off here. I want Anet to continue to do everything they are doing with this game, and I will continue helping them to ban botters until they can't make a profit anymore because they don't last a minute before someone spots them and bans them.
Maybe they should even 'deputize' some of the players (after they show significant means of being trust-worthy and mature about it) like they did with UO for awhile. Abuse of it can be easily monitored as it should be, but I would love to help and search out these botters in any capacity whether it stays the same with reporting them or via some other means.
Joined: 7/26/03
Originally posted by sfc1971
ive seen rubber banding in both GW1 and GW2 (altho its rare in GW2)
ive seen speed and teleport hacks in "server based" mmos like WOW
Advanced Member
Joined: 2/08/08
Try not! Do or do not. There is no try.
First of all.... botting is not gold sellers spamming chat or mail to sell gold.
Secondly... I have not seen a massive influx of botting that ruins gameplay in most areas of the game. STOP being such a drama queen all!
As far as the issue of gold sellers and botting in MMOs..... they will be there. Every developer handles them differently, but Anet's approach to their games has always been strong and consistent. With a new form of MMO they will need new ideas and methods to confront them. Anet (not NcSoft) will handle exploiters in the same manor they did in the past. They DO NOT tolerate them!
So all the Naggy Nancys and Synical Sallys either find a different game to play if it is SOOOOO bad to play or be patient because it will change.
Advanced Member
Joined: 2/28/04
I heard of Bots from other players, but never met one in game yet, so it is not rampant as the OP make out to be.
Novice Member
Joined: 11/19/05
The pen is mightier than the sword if the sword is very short, and the pen is very sharp.
Originally posted by ste2000
Go to any starter area and bot trains will run you over. Don't downplay it. Even the devs acknowledge it.
Novice Member
Joined: 4/23/06
Originally posted by squalleonaha
You are correct Botting is connected to Gold Farmers/Sellers & there is an easy Fix , Make Gold Hierloom / & usable thru Auction House only
So gold can be handed down to any character on your account or when U use it in the AH the gold goes from Your Hierloom Gold to the Seller/Buyer Hierloom gold ..
So you can't transfer gold from one player to another as easy as now.. while I doubt it would totally stop gold farmers it would slow em down .
Hard Core Member
Joined: 9/27/12
Originally posted by TomBaker_fan
You do realize that just because your experience was positive doesn't mean someone else had the same experience, don't you?
I've been reporting the same bot for a week and he is still there, every day, running the same path and even has a gibberish name - yet goes completely unchecked.
No, they don't always respond, and the poster you falsely accused of being dramatic wasn't actually being dramatic at all. Before you sling random mud at people you really should get all the facts straight.
Elite Member
Joined: 8/06/06
Originally posted by I_Return
I dunno I think most bots are on american servers and Im on Gandara(EU)
I think Ive seen like 1 bot.
Novice Member
Joined: 11/19/05
The pen is mightier than the sword if the sword is very short, and the pen is very sharp.
Originally posted by andre369
I would say that all my expereiences have been on American servers so there may be something to that. USA servers are rife with them.
Novice Member
Joined: 1/01/11
Originally posted by Digna.
Go to any starter area and bot trains will run you over. Don't downplay it. Even the devs acknowledge it.
Not true, it depends on the world you're on. I've only ever seen one bot from pre-launch until today. I've seen the Youtube videos, so I know some worlds have it bad, but a lot do not. And they are over dramatising it. It may be unpleasant to see a ton of bots running around, but you cannot compare it to botting in other mmos. It is no where near as bad, for one, you don't really have to fight against them. So long as you tag a mob, you get full credit for it. You all don't seem to understand there are many things they are working on that has higher priority. The only place bots have any real negative effect is in WvW. I can understand that bots are highly frowned upon though, and I would like them gone as well even though they're very rare on my world, but you should all stop being little babies about it and just be patient. They'll eventually take care of it, for the most part anyways. Until then, you whiners are more of an eyesore than bots. If you can't appreciate Arenanet's hardwork and efforts, then go play something else. I'm sure you won't be missed. You make it sound like what they do is so easy. If you think it is that simple and that you know how to fix the issue, why don't you contact Arenanet about it? I'm sure they would love to hear about it. Otherwise, you're of no help at all. Of course, you're free to say whatever you want, whenever you want, so I know I'm not stopping anyone. But I'm also allowed to say what I want, and I just wanted you all to know that you're making yourselves look stupid.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 3/26/12
Originally posted by Nadia
I don't know enough about rubber banding to comment about it. However, at the time that WOW (not private servers, but official one) allowed speed and teleport hacks, it means that at that time their server checks did not react to the "unrealistic" changes, which contradicts what the original poster meant. If it has server based "movement" then you can't speedhack efficientely, at best I can Imagine that a 5% or 10% increase in speed is possible, but that is negligible.
As for teleport hack: there are two types: one where you teleport to any location within the same map and the other where you teleport to another map without cost. If there are proper server checks in place for movement, the first verson will not work, because either the server is the one that gives info where your next step should be or the server notes that the step you did is not okay and ports you back.
The second form of teleport hack is possible if the server does not check from where you call the "teleport to other map command". Games solves this by making sure to check that the serverside coordinates is near the serverside coordinates of the relevant teleporter npc and by making sure that the teleport command is only possible through sending the "npc teleport packet".


text:
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Augason Farms Dehydrated Potato Dices Pail - 10 lbs.
by Augason Farms | Item #: 382040 | Model #: 11116 | (4) |
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About this item
Good for everyday use in any of your favorite recipes and for long-term food storage
28 cents per serving 105 servings Up to 25-years shelf life unopened Gluten free
Augason Farms Dehydrated Potato Dices are gluten free and are a great way to skip the tiresome peeling and dicing chore. You can add these readymade, handy potato chunks to soups, casseroles or stews. Not only are they convenient and inexpensive, these tasty potato pieces are perfect for your favorite recipes as well as long-term storage.
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View nutrition information here. (PDF)
- Shelf life: up to 25 years sealed, up to 1 year under ideal conditions when opened
- 105 servings (serving size: 1/2 cup)
- Nutritional information on label
- Stored in an airtight, 6-gallon pail with an oxygen absorber for added protection and freshness
- Inherently gluten free*
*This product is inherently gluten free and packaged at Augason Farms' certified gluten free manufacturing and packaging site to prevent cross contamination. The product's taste and consistency are the same as the standard non-gluten-free product.
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To really backup the database values, I made a little changement :
My code really looks like bomas 's code, but there is an important diffence :
$nbc = mysql_num_fields($req_table);
while ($ligne = mysql_fetch_array($req_table))
$insertions = "INSERT INTO $table VALUES(";
for ($i=0; $i<$nbc; $i++)
if ( $i > 0 ) $insertions .= ", ";
if ( !isset($ligne[$i]))
$insertions .= "NULL";
$insertions .= "'" . mysql_real_escape_string($ligne[$i]). "'";
$insertions .= ");";
$dumpsql[] = $insertions;
$dumpslq is the variable where I put the insertion orders before writting them in a text file.
Before, I test that the values if not NULL into the field because it is the only way to make the difference, for example for string text fields, between NULL values and empty strings.
If you don't make this test, you should find empty string instead of NULL values when you do the backup.