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More Spawn, Monsters, Dragons and Military
Friday, February 02, 2007
We recently announced our sports action figure release dates for the rest of the year (to read that news story go here). Here is a look at the planned release dates for the rest of our toy lines. Mark your calendars, but be aware that dates and figures are subject to change.
Available in April:
Spawn Series 31: Other WorldsSpawn 11Lord CovenantNecro CopNightmare SpawnSpawn the MarauderGoddess LlyraAvailable in September:
3-inch Spawn Trading FiguresManga SpawnSpawn 4Samurai SpawnOvertkill 3Pirate SpawnHellspawn i.0001Spawn i.95Urizen12-inch Spawn X
Available in October:
The Adventures of Spawn Series 2Commando SpawnRaven SpawnThe CreechBiker ChickTremorSpawn XOmega SquadronMcFARLANE'S MILITARY
Available in May:
McFarlane's Military Series 5Air Force PararescueMarine RCTArmy Special Forces: Search OperationsCoast Guard PatrolAvailable in August:
McFarlane's Military Series 6Army Infantry M.O.P.P. SuitAir Force Helicopter GunnerMarine Mortar LoaderArmy Infantry GrenadierMcFARLANE'S DRAGONS
Available in February:
McFarlane's Dragons Series 5Eternal Dragon ClanKomodo Dragon ClanWater Dragon ClanBerserker Dragon ClanSorcerer Dragon ClanFire Dragon Clan Deluxe Boxed SetAvailable in July:
McFarlane's Dragons Series 6Hunter Dragon ClanWarrior Dragon ClanIce Dragon ClanScavenger Dragon ClanFossil Dragon Clan Deluxe Boxed SetAvailable in October:
McFarlane's Dragons Series 7Ice Dragon ClanWarrior Dragon ClanReborn Water Dragon ClanReborn Fire Dragon Clan12-inch Hydra DragonMcFARLANE'S MONSTERS
Available in September:
McFarlane's Monsters Series 5: Twisted ChristmasSanta ClausMrs. ClausSanta's Little HelpersJack FrostSnowmanReindeer Rudy


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Monday, April 7, 2014
The Stratford High School boys soccer program will host a two-day camp over the Berkeley County School District spring break.
The camp will be held Tuesday, April 15 and Thursday, April 17 from 9-11 a.m each morning.
Registration fee is $20.
For information, please contact SHS varsity coach Alister DeLong (200-9660) or SHS JV coach Mike Bolton (708-3161).
Stratford soccer players will serve as volunteer coaches and each camper will get a treat bag with a ticket to scrimmage other campers at the next home game.
The Gazette is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. We expect our readers to engage in lively, yet civil discourse. We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. Responsibility for the statements posted lies with the person submitting the comment, not The Gazette.
If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click "report abuse" and we will review it for possible removal. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Two-Chip Chocolate Chippers Recipe
- 1/2 cup butter, softened
- 1/2 cup stick margarine, softened
- 3/4 cup packed brown sugar
- 1/4 cup sugar
- 2 eggs
- 1-1/2 teaspoons vanilla extract
- 2-1/4 cups all-purpose flour
- 1 package (3.4 ounces) instant vanilla pudding mix
- 1 teaspoon baking soda
- 1-1/2 cups semisweet chocolate chips
- 1-1/2 cups milk chocolate chips
- 1-1/2 cups chopped pecans, optional
- Preheat oven to 375°. In a large bowl, cream butter, margarine and sugars until light and fluffy. Beat in eggs and vanilla. Combine flour, pudding mix and baking soda; gradually add to creamed mixture and mix well. Stir in chocolate chips and pecans if desired.
- Drop by rounded tablespoonfuls 1 in. apart onto ungreased baking sheets; flatten slightly with a glass. Bake 8-10 minutes or until lightly browned. Remove to wire racks. Yield: 5 dozen.
Reviews for Two-Chip Chocolate Chippers
Sort By :
"I followed this recipe word for word, didn't think there were too many chocolate chips, and I used a tablespoon to scoop my cookies out and got 5 dozen out of it. These were absolutely the BEST cookies my husband and I have ever had that were made from scratch. I plan on making these for Christmas gifts, and I cannot wait! Delicious!"
"These are the best cookies ever! Every time I take them some where everyone just raves about them."
"Fabulous!! My whole family, children and grandchildren, say this is their new favorite chocolate chip cookie!"
"These will be my new go to cookies. My 4 yo is not a big sweets fan, and I couldn't keep her out of these. Delicious. :)"
"These are good cookies and I will make them again. The recipe is very similar to the one on the bag of the chips that I use. This is my first experience with pudding in the mix though. I think there are too many chips. That was the comment I heard consistently. Next time I will reduce the chips to one cup each. I only got 4 dozen from the batch. If my math is correct, that is one tablespoon of chips in each cookie."


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Nose Eyeglass Holder 12 12
Cute eyeglass holder! I love this little nose - so cute, and such a great price! The only issue I has when ordering online is that it actually comes in 2 colors, brown and black. However, the product listing only shows brown so that's what I was expecting. When I received the product, it was black - I took it to the store for an easy exchange. Very happy with the product! February 16, 2015
Very unique gift!!! Bought this as a gift for my male co-worker. He absolutely loved it!!! My other co-workers did also. Beautiful and extremely unique item!!! December 18, 2014
Great gift I bought this for my son, who wears eyeglasses but tends to forget where he leaves them when he goes to bed at night. Problem solved. This is a surprisingly well made sculptural little face. And, yes, it does look like the Easter Island heads. April 27, 2014
Fun and interesting gift idea It was an excellent gift for a coworker who wears glasses - he loved it! August 29, 2013
Keeps glasses handy I love these, in fact I will order two more so that I have them at home and office. Also makes for a great unique gift. June 23, 2013
Wins by a nose! Whimsical and well-made, this eyeglass holder brings a smile every time. Does what it was intended to with great panache. May 10, 2013
Cute and practical. I love this! Bought one for husband cause he loses his glasses. Thought this was a cute way to store them. Going to buy some for other rooms in the house because he has several pairs. I have to laugh every time I see it. December 21, 2012
I will probably order more to give to several people as gifts. This is a unique and fun gift. I was really please with the quality for the price! November 10, 2012
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Vivergo was formed in 2007 as a biofuels business for the future – a way to sustainably and efficiently produce the fuel and food (animal feed) that we need.
Our process will take 1.1 million tonnes of high starch feed wheat each year and convert it into bioethanol and animal feed. There will be no waste and the process is carbon neutral.
The world's population is growing and energy demand continues to soar, but traditional energy sources like coal, gas and oil are running out and environmental concerns remain. What are the alternatives?


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Water Supply Planning
The City of Scottsdale works every day to ensure a reliable supply of water for today and for future generations of Scottsdale residents. In our desert environment water is a scarce resource, so Scottsdale's Water Resources Department promotes a water efficient lifestyle with its comprehensive water conservation strategy and focuses on careful planning to build a sustainable water supply.
Planning for Scottsdale's Water Future
Scottsdale's Assured Water Supply
Our comprehensive water conservation strategy includes:
· Promoting a Strong Conservation Ethic
Water conservation is key for desert cities, and Scottsdale is no exception. Scottsdale offers a comprehensive lineup of water conservation programs, including rebates, educational workshops, free home water audits, and free literature.
Water Conservation
We are building a sustainable water supply by:
· Increasing our surface water use
Not too long ago, all of Scottsdale's drinking water was pumped from wells. Today, most of our drinking water comes from surface water supplies, like the Salt River and the Colorado River.
Salt River Project
Central Arizona Project
· Reclaiming, reusing, and recharging our effluent
We treat and deliver reclaimed wastewater effluent to more than twenty golf courses to water their grass. During periods of low golf course demand, we treat it to drinking water standards and use it to recharge the groundwater aquifer.
Reclaimed Water
· Protecting our groundwater supply
Groundwater wells back up surface water supplies when they aren't available. To make sure the groundwater is there when we need it, we pump only as much groundwater as we actually need. We also recharge Central Arizona Project (CAP) water into the aquifer to bank water for future use.
Groundwater & Sustainability


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Home > Recipes > > Langoustine ravioli with garlic sprouts, coconut and saffron
Delicious contrasts for a simple starter
By Chef Iker Erauzkin Twitter Post the recipe on facebook Your email (*) print
Read interview with:
If you cant find wonton, use fresh lasagna pasta. You can also stuff with langostinos, chicken, duck, etc.
Vegan recipies, without ingredients that involve animal suffering.
Our guest chefs bring you their unique and personal take on food.
Macrobiotics is a way of life and because of that it explains the basic aspects according to our personal needs in harmony with nature.
A delicious gift for your friends
Jordi Roca, the younger of the Roca brothers and head dessert chef at the restaurant El Celler de Can Roca.
Great 10 minute recipes · Vegetarian delights for healthy living · Bounce into form with a Spring menu · Cooking with what's left in the pantry · Low-calorie recipes · Vegan menus · Km 0: Sustainable cusine · Gluten - free diet · Interview with top chef Carme Ruscalleda · Desserts by Jordi roca · Tapas route around Barcelona


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|The entire DM family
Essentially, just about every movie goer!
|1000 + points*
Picks the best movies to watch over weekends.
|3000 + points*
Loves movies! Reads reviews & verdicts and sometimes expresses his/her opinion too.
|10000 + points*
Crazy about films! Has an opinion on movies and isn't afraid to voice it.
|Editorially picked
Opinionated! Knows good from bad and average. Is a committed voice of the junta! Gets goodies & rewards from Desimartini
*How to climb up the movies ladder: write a review, rate a movie, express interest in watching movies (want to watch), like: celebs, reviews and reviewers, connect with facebook.


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Bathroom window treatments must first provide privacy of course, however they also need to be able to withstand high levels of humidity. This section has our recommendations for bathroom window treatment ideas. If the window is near the tub, shower or spa, you'll want a material that won't warp, crack or mildew. Bathroom blinds and shutters made from either durable vinyl or composite wood materials are perfect in this case. If your bathroom has good ventilation or the window is away from a water source, non-cotton bathroom shades can provide a bright splash of color and soften the decor.
Balancing your needs for privacy and natural light can be tricky, but the top down/bottom up option available on many styles of window shades lets you cover the bottom part of the window while lowering the shade from the top, allowing light in and humidity out - a bathroom priority. The slats on faux wood blinds and shutters can be tilted upwards to admit some light while maintaining privacy.
Bathroom window blinds that go over windows frequently left open are also subject to an increased need for cleaning - moisture plus airflow equals dirty window treatments. Faux wood (vinyl) blinds are also a good choice for their ability to be easily cleaned. Aluminum mini blinds can also be cleaned easily, they are more prone to damage than vinyl - another reason to choose vinyl bathroom window treatments.
$207retail $309+ an extra 20% off
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Copyright © 1999-


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Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim MLB Low Crown AC Performance 59FIFTY Cap
Made of 100% Polyester, Woven
This Low Crown 59FIFTY® fitted cap features an embroidered (raised) Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim team logo on the front and embroidered logo on the rear. Interior includes branded taping and a moisture absorbing sweatband.
- 20438443
- Color:
- Red
- Availability:
- In Stock - Ships 1 business day
International shipping available to Canada - info


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Stop Stressing Yourself Sick
Convinced it will rain on the party you're planning this weekend—and it's only Monday? Turns out, those six days of unnecessary, perceived stress quite literally can make you "worried sick," according to a new study.
Perceived stress versus actual stress: "Actual stress is something you experience in the moment, like a giving a presentation at work, or fighting with your spouse," says Jim Claussen, a chiropractor from Chicago. On the other hand, if you're worried about the economy crashing or your 401(k), then you're stressing over something you have no control over, and your stress is perceived, he says. Your body can recover from actual stress, but long-term perceived stress puts you in constant fight-or-flight mode, fatigues your adrenals, and compromises your immune system. "It's as if you were to prop your car up on blocks, weigh the gas pedal down, and let it run all night," says Claussen. "You can't expect to walk into the garage the next morning and have any gas left." The study found that people with the highest perceived stress had 80 percent fewer protective antibodies in their blood than those who were actually stressed out. Try these tips to help you chill out:
Put stress on a shelf. "It's definitely an art," says Claussen, "but if you can find an off button for your stressor, you'll waste a lot less time and effort worrying about something you can't control." Remember that party you're fretting about? Put your worries about the weather "on the shelf," and come Saturday when it's time to deal, "pull it off the shelf."
Breathe with your belly. Lie down on the floor with a book on your belly. Inhale through your nose, feel the book rise, and hold for four seconds. Exhale all the air out through your mouth, letting the book lower. Repeat four times. Deep inhales stimulate your lungs and trigger the parasympathetic nervous system to put you in a calming state while deep exhales help drain the lymphatic system.
Meditate. Take 30 minutes out of your day to meditate, do yoga, or t'ai chi to help reduce stress hormones, slow down your heart rate and blood pressure, and balance your system.


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1963 Max Wedge - 4 speed Belvedere. A real survivor kind of car. A Documented Govier Max Wedge engine and listed in the Davis... More
1963 Plymouth Belvedere "Super Stock" Gone in 60-Seconds Movie Car w/Nicholas Cage! Professional Built by Inland Motors Engineering. 12-Pack Orange with Custom Orange Plaid... More
This older frame off restoration comes complete with a 426 Superstock Wedge engine with dual quad carburetors and automatic transmission and AM radio. It... More


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A method for electrosurgically sealing a tissue includes steps of: (A) applying a first pulse of RF energy to the tissue; and (B) applying at least one subsequent RF energy pulse to the tissue and keeping constant or varying RF energy parameters of individual pulses of subsequent RF energy pulses in accordance with at least one characteristic of an electrical transient that occurs during the individual RF energy pulses. The method terminates the generation of the at least one subsequent RF pulse upon a determination that the electrical transient is absent.
1. A method for electrosurgically sealing tissue comprising the steps of:
providing an electrosurgical generator including an RF energy source and a controller that controls the operation of the electrosurgical generator, the electrosurgical generator having an output which couples to at least one electrode of a surgical instrument;
instructing the controller to activate the electrosurgical generator to generate an initial pulse of RF energy to tissue to measure a value of an electrical characteristic of the tissue in response to the applied initial pulse;
determining an initial set of pulse parameters for at least one subsequent pulse based on the initial pulse of RF energy to tissue; and
controlling the pulse parameters of individual pulses of further subsequent RF energy pulses in accordance with a change in the electrical characteristics of the tissue as determined from at least one characteristic of an electrical transient that occurs during at least one RF energy pulse.
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The present application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/073,761 filed Feb. 11, 2002 entitled "Vessel Sealing System", by Robert Wham et al., which is now U.S. Pat. No. 6,796,981, which claims priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/408,944 also entitled "Vessel Sealing System," by Robert Wham et al., which is now U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,779, and which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/105,417 filed on Oct. 23, 1998. The disclosure of each Patent Application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
This invention relates generally to medical instruments and, in particular, to generators that provide radio frequency (RF) energy useful in sealing tissue and vessels during electrosurgical and other procedures.
Electrosurgical generators are employed by surgeons to cut and coagulate the tissue of a patient. High frequency electrical power, which may be also referred to as radio frequency (RF) power or energy, is produced by the electrosurgical generator and applied to the tissue by an electrosurgical tool. Both monopolar and bipolar configurations are commonly used during electrosurgical procedures.
Electrosurgical techniques can be used to seal small diameter blood vessels and vascular bundles. Another application of electrosurgical techniques is in tissue fusion wherein two layers of tissue are grasped and clamped together by a suitable electrosurgical tool while the electrosurgical RF energy is applied. The two layers of tissue are then fused together.
At this point it is significant to note that the process of coagulating small vessels is fundamentally different than vessel sealing or tissue fusion. For the purposes herein the term coagulation can be defined as a process of desiccating tissue wherein the tissue calls are ruptured and dried. Vessel sealing or tissue fusion can both be defined as desiccating tissue by the process of liquefying the collagen in the tissue so that it crosslinks and reforms into a fused mass. Thus, the coagulation of small vessels if generally sufficient to close them, however, larger vessels normally need to be sealed to assure permanent closure.
However, and as employed herein, the term "electrosurgical desiccation" is intended to encompass any tissue desiccation procedure, including electrosurgical coagulation, desiccation, vessel sealing, and tissue fusion.
One of the problems that can arise from electrosurgical desiccation is undesirable tissue damage due to thermal effects, wherein otherwise healthy tissue surrounding the tissue to which the electrosurgical energy is being applied is thermally damaged by an effect known in the art as "thermal spread". During the occurrence of thermal spread excess heat from the operative site can be directly conducted to the adjacent tissue, and/or the release of steam from the tissue being treated at the operative site can result in damage to the surrounding tissue.
It can be appreciated that it would be desirable to provide an electrosurgical generator that limited the possibility of the occurrence of thermal spread.
Another problem that can arise with conventional electrosurgical techniques is a buildup of eschar on the electrosurgical tool or instrument. Eschar is a deposit that forms on working surface(s) of the tool, and results from tissue that is electrosurgically desiccated and then charred. One result of the buildup of eschar is a reduction in the effectiveness of the surgical tool. The buildup of eschar on the electrosurgical tool can be reduced if less heat is developed at the operative site.
It has been well established that a measurement of the electrical impedance of tissue provides an indication of the state of desiccation of the tissue, and this observation has been utilized in some electrosurgical generators to automatically terminate the generation of electrosurgical power based on a measurement of tissue impedance.
At least two techniques for determining an optimal amount of desiccation are known by those skilled in this art. One technique sets a threshold impedance, and terminates electrosurgical power when the measured tissue impedance crosses the threshold. A second technique terminates the generation of electrosurgical power based on dynamic variations in the tissue impedance.
A discussion of the dynamic variations of tissue impedance can be found in a publication entitled "Automatically Controlled Bipolar Electrocoagulation", Neurosurgical Review, 7:2-3, pp. 187-190, 1984, by Vallfors and Bergdahl.
Another publication by the same authors, "Studies on Coagulation and the Development of an Automatic Computerized Bipolar Coagulator", Journal of Neurosurgery, 75:1, pp. 148-151, July 1991, discusses the impedance behavior of tissue and its application to electrosurgical vessel sealing, and reports that the impedance has a minimum value at the moment of coagulation.
The following U.S. Patents are also of interest in this area. U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,684, Hassler, Jr. addresses the problem associated with turning off the RF energy output automatically after the tissue impedance has fallen from a predetermined maximum, subsequently risen from a predetermined minimum and then reached a particular threshold. A storage device records maximum and minimum impedance values, and a circuit determines the threshold. U.S. Pat. No. 5,472,443, Cordis et al., discusses a variation of tissue impedance with temperature, wherein the impedance is shown to fall, and then to rise, as the temperature is increased.
Also of interest is U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,271, Buysse et al., "Energy Delivery System for Vessel Sealing", which employs a surgical tool capable of grasping a tissue and applying an appropriate amount of closure force to the tissue, and for then conducting electrosurgical energy to the tissue concurrently with the application of the closure force.
Based on the foregoing it should be evident that electrosurgery requires the controlled application of RF energy to an operative tissue site. To achieve successful clinical results during surgery, the electrosurgical generator should produce a controlled output RF signal having an amplitude and wave shape that is applied to the tissue within predetermined operating levels. However, problems can arise during electrosurgery when rapid desiccation of tissue occurs resulting in excess RF levels being applied to the tissue. These excess levels produce less than desirable tissue effects, which can increase thermal spread, or can cause tissue charring and may shred and disintegrate tissue. It would be desirable to provide a system with more controlled output to improve vessel sealing and reduce damage to surrounding tissue. The factors that affect vessel sealing include the surgical instrument utilized, as well as the generator for applying RF energy to the instrument jaws. It has been recognized that the gap between the instrument jaws and the pressure of the jaws against the tissue affect tissue sealing because of their impact on current flow. For example, insufficient pressure or an excessive gap will not supply sufficient energy to the tissue and could result in an inadequate seal.
However, it has also been recognized that the application of RF energy also affects the seal. For example, pulsing of RF energy will improve the seal. This is because the tissue loses moisture as it desiccates and by stopping or significantly lowering the output the generator between pulses, this allows some moisture to return to the tissue for the application of next RF pulse. It has also been recognized by the inventors that varying each pulse dependent on certain parameters is also advantageous in providing an improved seal. Thus, it would be advantageous to provide a vessel sealing system which better controls RF energy and which can be varied at the outset of the procedure to accommodate different tissue structures, and which can further be varied during the procedure itself to accommodate changes in the tissue as it desiccates.
An accommodation for overvoltage clamping is also desirable. In this regard, conventional overvoltage techniques use a means of clamping or clipping the excess overvoltage using avalanche devices such as diodes, zener diodes and transorbs so as to limit the operating levels. In these techniques the excess energy, as well as the forward conduction energy, is absorbed by the protection device and inefficiently dissipated in the form of heat. More advanced prior art techniques actively clamp only the excess energy using a predetermined comparator reference value, but still absorb and dissipate the excess energy in the form of heat.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,594,636 discloses a system for AC to AC power conversion using switched commutation. This system addresses overvoltage conditions which occur during switched commutation by incorporating an active output voltage sensing and clamping using an active clamp voltage regulator which energizes to limit the output. The active clamp switches in a resistive load to dissipate the excess energy caused by the overvoltage condition.
Other patents in this area include U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,616, which discloses an overvoltage clamp circuit, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,596,466, which discloses an isolated half-bridge power module. Both of these patents identify output overvoltage limiting for all power devices, and overvoltage limit protection is provided for power devices by using proportionately scaled zeners to monitor and track the output off voltage of each device to prevent power device failure. The zener device is circuit configured such that it provides feedback to the gate of the power device, When zener avalanche occurs the power device partially turns on, absorbing the excess overvoltage energy in conjunction with the connective load.
Reference can also be had to U.S. Pat. No. 4,646,222 for disclosing an inverter incorporating overvoltage clamping. Overvoltage clamping is provided by using diode clamping devices referenced to DC power sources. The DC power sources provide a predetermined reference voltage to clamp the overvoltage condition, absorbing the excess energy through clamp diodes which dissipate the excess voltage in the form of heat.
It would be advantageous as to provide an electrosurgical generator having improved overvoltage limit and transient energy suppression.
The foregoing and other problems are overcome by methods and apparatus in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.
An electrosurgical generator includes a controlling data processor that executes software algorithms providing a number of new and useful features. These features preferably include the generation of an initial pulse, that is a low power pulse of RF energy that is used to sense at least one electrical characteristic of the tissue prior to starting an electrosurgical desiccation cycle, such as a tissue sealing cycle. The sensed electrical characteristic is then used as an input into the determination of initial sealing param ters, thereby making the sealing procedure adaptive to the characteristics of the tissue to be sealed. Another feature preferably provided measures the time required for the tissue to begin desiccating, preferably by observing an electrical transient at the beginning of an RF energy pulse, to determine and/or modify further seal parameters. Another preferable feature performs a tissue temperature control function by adjusting the duty cycle of the RF energy pulses applied to the tissue, thereby avoiding the problems that can result from excessive tissue heating. A further preferable feature controllably decreases the RF pulse voltage with each pulse of RF energy so that as the tissue desiccates and shrinks (thereby reducing the spacing between the surgical tool electrodes), arcing between the electrodes is avoided, as is the tissue destruction that may result from uncontrolled arcing. Preferably a Seal Intensity operator control is provided that enables the operator to control the sealing of tissue by varying parameters other than simply the RF power.
The system disclosed herein preferably further provides a unique method for overvoltage limiting and transient energy suppression. An electrosurgical system uses dynamic, real-time automatic detuning of the RF energy delivered to the tissue of interest. More specifically, this technique automatically limits excess output RF voltages by dynamically changing the tuning in a resonant source of RF electrosurgical energy, and by altering the shape of the RF source signal used to develop the output RF signal. The inventive technique limits the excess output transient RF energy by a resonant detuning of the generator. This occurs in a manner which does not clip or significantly distort the generated RF output signal used in a clinical environment for electrosurgical applications.
A method for electrosurgically sealing a tissue, in accordance with this disclosure, preferably includes the steps of (A) applying an initial pulse of RF energy to the tissue, the pulse having characteristics selected so as not to appreciably heat the tissue; (B) measuring a value of at least one electrical characteristic of the tissue in response to the applied first pulse; (C) in accordance with the measured at least one electrical characteristic, determining an initial set of pulse parameters for use during the next RF energy pulse that is applied to the tissue; and (D) varying the pulse parameters of subsequent RF energy pulses individually in accordance with at least one characteristic of an electrical transient that occurs during each individual subsequent RF energy pulse. The method terminates the generation of subsequent RF energy pulses based upon a reduction in the output voltage or upon a determination that the electrical transient is absent.
The at least one characteristic that controls the variation of the pulse parameters is preferably a width of the electrical transient that occurs at the beginning of each subsequent RF energy pulse. The initial set of pulse parameters include a magnitude of a starting current and voltage, and the pulse parameters that are varied include a pulse duty cycle and a pulse amplitude. Preferably, the subsequent RF energy pulses are each reduced or modified in amplitude by a controlled amount from a previous RF energy pulse, thereby compensating for a decrease in the spacing between the surgical tool electrodes due to desiccation of the tissue between the electrodes.
The step of determining an initial set of pulse parameters preferably includes a step of using the measured value of at least one electrical characteristic of the tissue to readout the initial set of pulse parameters from an entry in a lookup table.
The step of determining an initial set of pulse parameters may also preferably include a step of reading out the initial set of pulse parameters from an entry in one of a plurality of lookup tables, where the lookup table is selected either manually or automatically, based on the electrosurgical instrument or tool that is being used.
The method also preferably includes a step of modifying predetermined ones of the pulse parameters in accordance with a control input from an operator. The predetermined ones of the pulse parameters that are modified include a pulse power, a pulse starting current and voltage level, a pulse voltage decay scale factor, and a pulse dwell time.
Preferably a circuit is coupled to the output of the electrosurgical generator for protecting the output against an overvoltage-condition, and includes a suppressor that detunes a tuned resonant circuit at the output for reducing a magnitude of a voltage appearing at the output. In accordance with this aspect of the disclosure, the circuit has a capacitance network in parallel with an inductance that forms a portion of the output stage of the generator. A voltage actuated switch, such as a transorb, couples an additional capacitance across the network upon an occurrence of an overvoltage condition, thereby detuning the resonant network and reducing the magnitude of the voltage output.
The above set forth and other features of the invention are made more apparent in the ensuing Detailed Description when read in conjunction with the attached Drawings, wherein:
An electrosurgical system 1, which can be used to practice this invention, is shown in
The member 6 is provided in the form of bipolar electrosurgical forceps using two generally opposing electrodes disposed on inner opposing surfaces of the member 6, and which are both electrically coupled to the output of the electrosurgical generator 2. During use, different electric potentials are applied to each electrode. In that tissue is an electrical conductor, when the forceps are utilized to clamp or grasp the vessel 3 therebetween, the electrical energy output from the electrosurgical generator 2 is transferred through the intervening tissue. Both open surgical procedures and endoscopic surgical procedures can be performed with suitably adapted surgical instruments 4. It should also be noted that the member 6 could be monopolar forceps that utilize one active electrode, with the other (return) electrode or pad being attached externally to the patient, or a combination of bipolar and monopolar forceps.
By way of further explanation,
Referring now to
Mechanical forceps 20 includes first and second members 9 and 11 which each have an elongated shaft 12 and 14, respectively. Shafts 12 and 14 each include a proximal end and a distal end. Each proximal end of each shaft portion 12, 14 includes a handle member 16 and 18 attached thereto to allow a user to effect movement of the two shaft portions 12 and 14 relative to one another. Extending from the distal end of each shaft portion 12 and 14 are end effectors 22 and 24, respectively. The end effectors 22 and 24 are movable relative to one another in response to movement of handle members 16 and 18. These end effectors members 6A can be referred to collectively as bipolar forceps.
Preferably, shaft portions 12 and 14 are affixed to one another at a point proximate the end effectors 22 and 24 about a pivot 25. As such, movement of the handles 16 and 18 imparts movement of the end effectors 22 and 24 from an open position, wherein the end effectors 22 and 24 are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another, to a clamping or closed position, wherein the end effectors 22 and 24 cooperate to grasp the tubular vessel 3 therebetween. Either one or both of the end effectors 22, 24 can be movable.
As is best seen in
Preferably, shaft members 12 and 14 of the mechanical forceps 20 are designed to transmit a particular desired force to the opposing inner facing surfaces of the jaw members 22 and 24 when clamped. In particular, since the shaft members 12 and 14 effectively act together in a spring-like manner (i.e., bending that behaves like a spring), the length, width, height and deflection of the shaft members 12 and 14 directly impacts the overall transmitted force imposed on opposing jaw members 42 and 44. Preferably, jaw members 22 and 24 are more rigid than the shaft members 12 and 14 and the strain energy stored in the shaft members 12 and 14 provides a constant closure force between the jaw members 42 and 44.
Each shaft member 12 and 14 also includes a ratchet portion 32 and 34. Preferably, each ratchet, e.g., 32, extends from the proximal end of its respective shaft member 12 towards the other ratchet 34 in a g nerally vertically aligned manner such that the inner facing surfaces of each ratchet 32 and 34 abut one another when the end effectors 22 and 24 are moved from the open position to the closed position. Each ratchet 32 and 34 includes a plurality of flanges which project from the inner facing surface of each ratchet 32 and 34 such that the ratchets 32 and 34 can interlock in at least one position. In the embodiment shown in
In some cases it may be preferable to include other mechanisms to control and/or limit the movement of the jaw members 42 and 44 relative to one another. For example, a ratchet and pawl system could be utilized to segment the movement of the two handles into discrete units which, in turn, impart discrete movement to the jaw members 42 and 44 relative to one another.
The surgical instrument 4 for use with endoscopic surgical procedures includes a drive rod assembly 50 which is coupled to a handle assembly 54. The drive rod assembly 50 includes an elongated hollow shaft portion 52 having a proximal end and a distal end. An end effector assembly 68 is attached to the distal end of shaft 52 and includes a pair of opposing jaw members. Preferably, handle assembly 54 is attached to the proximal end of shaft 52 and includes an activator 56 for imparting movement of the forceps jaw members of end effector member 6B from an open position, wherein the jaw members are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another, to a clamping or closed position, wherein the jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween.
Activator 56 includes a movable handle 58 having an aperture 60 defined therein for receiving at least one of the operator's fingers and a fixed handle 62 having an aperture 64 defined therein for receiving an operator's thumb. Movable handle 58 is selectively moveable from a first position relative to fixed handle 62 to a second position in the fixed handle 62 to close the jaw members. Preferably, fixed handle 62 includes a channel 66 which extends proximally for receiving a ratchet 68 which is coupled to movable handle 58. This structure allows for progressive closure of the end effector assembly, as well as a locking engagement of the opposing jaw members. In some cases it may be preferable to include other mechanisms to control and/or limit the movement of handle 58 relative to handle 62 such as, e.g., hydraulic, semi-hydraulic and/or gearing systems. As with instrument 4, a stop can also be provided to maintain a preferred gap between the jaw members.
The handle 62 includes handle sections 62 a and 62 b, and is generally hollow such that a cavity is formed therein for housing various internal components. For example, the cavity can house a PC board which connects the electrosurgical energy being transmitted from the electrosurgical generator 2 to each jaw member, via connector 5. More particularly, electrosurgical energy generated from the electrosurgical generator 2 is transmitted to the handle PC board by a cable 5A. The PC board diverts the electrosurgical energy from the generator into two different electrical potentials which are transmitted to each jaw member by a separate terminal clip. The handle 62 may also house circuitry that communicates with the generator 2, for example, identifying characteristics of the electrosurgical tool 4 for use by the electrosurgical generator 2, where the electrosurgical generator 2 may select a particular seal parameter lookup table based on those characteristics (as described below).
Preferably, a lost motion mechanism is positioned between each of the handle sections 62 a and 62 b for maintaining a predetermined or maximum clamping force for sealing tissue between the jaw members.
Having thus described two exemplary and non-limiting embodiments of surgical instruments 4 that can be employed with the electrosurgical generator 2, a description will now be provided of various aspects of the inventive electrosurgical generator 2.
An analog to digital converter (ADC) block 78 receives analog inputs and sources a digital input bus of the feedback microcontroller 70B, using the ADC block 78 the microcontroller 70B is apprised of the value of the actual output voltage and the actual output current, thereby closing the feedback loop with the SCV signal. The values of the output voltage and current can be used for determining tissue impedance, power and energy delivery for the overall, general control of the applied RF energy waveform. It should be noted that at least the ADC block 78 can be an internal block of the feedback microcontroller 70B, and need not be a separate, external component. It should be further noted that the same analog signals can be digitized and read into the master microcontroller 70A, thereby providing redundancy. The master microcontroller 70A controls the state (on/off) of the high voltage (e.g., 190V max) power supply as a safety precaution, controls the front panel display(s), such as a Seal Intensity display, described below and shown in
It is noted that in a preferred embodiment of the electrosurgical generator 2 a third (waveform) microcontroller 70C is employed to generate the desired 470 kHz sinusoidal waveform that forms the basis of the RF pulses applied to the tissue to be sealed, such as the vessel 3 (
As an overview, the software algorithms executed by the data processor 70 provide the following features. First, and referring now also to the preferred waveform depicted in FIG. 7, a low power initial pulse of RF energy is used to sense at least one electrical characteristic of the tissue prior to starting the seal cycle. Second, the sensed electrical characteristic of the tissue is used as an input into the determination of the initial sealing parameters, thereby making the sealing procedure adaptive to the characteristics of the tissue to be sealed. Third, the technique measures the time required for the tissue to begin desiccating, preferably by observing an electrical transient, to determine and/or modify further seal parameters. Fourth, the technique performs a tissue temperature control function by adjusting the duty cycle of RF pulses applied to the tissue, thereby avoiding excessive tissue heating and the problems that arise from excessive tissue heating. This is preferably accomplished by using at least one calculated seal parameter related to the time required for the tissue to begin desiccating. Fifth, the technique controllably changes the RF pulse voltage with each pulse of RF energy DEL as the tissue desiccates and shrinks (thereby reducing the pacing between the surgical instrument electrodes), arcing between the instrument electrodes (e.g. 21A and 21B of
Referring now also to the logic flow diagram of
In a most preferred embodiment the electrical characteristic sensed is the tissue impedance which is employed to determine an initial set of parameters that are input to the sealing algorithm, and which are used to control the selection of sealing parameters, including the starting power, current and voltage (
In other embodiments at least one of any other tissue electrical characteristic, for example, the voltage or current, can be used to set the parameters. These initial parameters are preferably modified in accordance with the setting of the Seal Intensity control input (
Referring again to
Discussing this aspect of the disclosure now in further detail, and referring as well to
As each pulse of RF energy is applied to the tissue, the current initially rises to a maximum (Pulse Peak) and then, as the tissue desiccates and the impedance rises due to loss of moisture in the tissue, the current falls. Reference in this regard can be had to the circled areas designated as "A" in the Irms waveform of
As an alternative to directly measuring the pulse width, the rate of change of an electrical characteristic (for example current, voltage, impedance, etc.) of the transient "A" (shown in
Referring to
Assuming that the current transient is present, and referring to
If a current pulse is not observed at
If the tissue impedance is otherwise found to be between the high and low threshold values, a determination is made as to whether the Max RF On Time has been exceeded. If the Max RF On Time has been exceeded, it is assumed that the seal cannot be successfully completed for some reason and the sealing procedure is terminated. If the Max RF On Time has not been exceeded then it is assumed that the tissue has not yet received enough RF energy to start desiccation, and the seal cycle continues (connector "c").
After the actual pulse width measurement has been completed, the Dwell Time is determined based on the actual pulse width and on the Dwell Time field in the seal parameter LUT 80 (see
Based on the initial Desired Pulse Width field of the seal parameter LUT 80 for the first pulse, or, for subsequent pulses, the actual pulse width of the previous pulse, the desired voltage limit kept constant or adjusted based on the Voltage Decay and Voltage Ramp fields. The desired voltage limit Is kept constant or raised during the pulse if the actual pulse width is greater than the Desired Pulse Width field (or last actual) pulse width), and is kept constant or lowered if the actual pulse width is less than the Desired Pulse Width field (or the last actual pulse width).
When the Desired Voltage has been reduced to the Minimum Voltage field, then the RF energy pulsing is terminated and the electrosurgical generator 2 enters a cool-down period having a duration that is set by the Maximum Cool SF field and the actual pulse width of the first pulse.
Several of the foregoing and other terms are defined with greater specificity as follows (see also
The Actual Pulse width is the time from pulse start to pulse low. The Pulse Peak is the point where the current reaches a maximum value, and does not exceed this value for some predetermined period of time (measured in milliseconds). The peak value of the Pulse Peak can be reached until the Pulse Peak-X % value is reached, which is the point where the current has decreased to some predetermined determined percentage, X, of the value of Pulse Peak. Pulse Low is the point where the current reaches a low point, and does not go lower for another predetermined period of time. The value of the Maximum RF On Time or MAX Pulse Time is preferably preprogrammed to some value that cannot be readily changed. The RF pulse is terminated automatically if the Pulse Peak is reached but the Pulse Peak-X% value is not obtained with the duration set by the Maximum RF On Time field of the seal parameter LUT 80.
Referring to
The actual values for the Impedance Ranges of Low, Med Low, Med High, or High, are preferably contained in one of a plurality of tables stored in the generator 2, or otherwise accessible to the generator 2. A specific table may be selected automatically, for example, based on signals received from the electrosurgical tool 4 being used, or by the operator indicating what electrosurgical tool is in use.
Power is the RF power setting to be used (in Watts). Max Voltage is the greatest value that the output voltage can achieve (e.g., range 0-about 190V). Start Voltage is the greatest value that the first pulse voltage can achieve (e.g., range 0-about 190V). Subsequent pulse voltage values are typically modified downwards from this value. The Minimum Voltage is the voltage endpoint, and the seal cycle can be assumed to be complete when the RF pulse voltage has been reduced to this value, The Voltage Decay scale factor is the rate (in volts) at which the desired voltage is lowered if the current Actual Pulse Width is less than the Desired Pulse Width. The Voltage Ramp scale factor is the rate at which the desired voltage will be increased if the Actual Pulse Width is greater than the Desired Pulse Width. The Maximum RF On Time is the maximum amount of time (e.g., about 5-20 seconds) that the RF power can be delivered, as described above. The Maximum Cool Down Time determines the generator cool down time, also as described above. Pulse Minimum establishes the minimum Desired Pulse Width value. It can be noted that for each RF pulse, the Desired. Pulse Width is equal to the Actual Pulse Width from the previous pulse, or the Desired Pulse field if the first pulse. The Dwell Time scale factor was also discussed previously, and is the time (in milliseconds) that the RF pulse is continued after the current drops to the Pulse Low and Stable point (see
By applying the series of RF pulses to the tissue, the surgical generator 2 effectively raises the tissue temperature to a certain level, and then maintains the temperature relatively constant. If the RF pulse width is too long, then the tissue may be excessively heated and may stick to the electrodes 21A, 21B of the surgical instrument 4, and/or an explosive vaporization of tissue fluid may damage the tissue, such as the vessel 3. If the RF pulse width is too narrow, then the tissue will not reach a temperature that is high enough to properly seal. As such, it can be appreciated that a proper balance of duty cycle to tissue type is important.
During the pulse off cycle that is made possible in accordance with the teachings herein, the tissue relaxes, thereby allowing the steam to exit without tissue destruction. The tissue responds by rehydrating, which in turn lowers the tissue impedance. The lower impedance allows the delivery of more current in the next pulse. This type of pulsed operation thus tends to regulate the tissue temperature so that the temperature does not rise to an undesirable level, while still performing the desired electrosurgical procedure, and may also allow more energy to be delivered, and thus achieving better desiccation.
As each RF pulse is delivered to the tissue, the tissue desiccates and shrinks due to pressure being applied by the jaws of the surgical instrument 4. The inventors have realized that if the voltage applied to the tissue is not reduced, then as the spacing between the jaws of the surgical instrument 4 is gradually reduced due to shrinking of the tissue, an undesirable arcing can develop which may vaporize the tissue, resulting in bleeding.
As is made evident in the Vrms trace of
As was noted previously, the Seal Intensity front panel adjustment is not a simple RF power control. The adjustment of the seal intensity is accomplished by adjusting the power of the electrosurgical generator 2, as well as the generator voltage, the duty cycle of the RF pulses, the length of time of the seal cycle (e.g., number of RF pulses), and the rate of voltage reduction for successive RF pulses.
In the
Based on the foregoing it can be appreciated that an aspect of this disclosure is a method for electrosurgically sealing a tissue. Referring to
Reference is now made to
A bi-directional transorb TS1 normally is non-operational. As long as the operating RF output levels stay below the turn-on threshold of TS1, electrosurgical energy is provided at a controlled rate of tissue desiccation. However, in the event that rapid tissue desiccation occurs, or that arcing is present in the surgical tissue field, the RF output may exhibit operating voltage levels in excess of the normal RF levels used to achieve the controlled rate of tissue desiccation. If the excess voltage present is left unrestrained, the tissue 3 may begin to exhibit undesirable clinical effects contrary to the desired clinical outcome. The TS1 is a strategic threshold that is set to turn on above normal operating levels, but below and just prior to the RF output reaching an excess voltage level where undesirable tissue effects begin to occur. The voltage applied across TS1 is proportionately scaled to follow the RF output voltage delivered to the tissue 3. The transorb TS1 is selected such that its turn on response is faster than the generator source RF signal. This allows the transorb TS1 to automatically track and respond quickly in the first cycle of an excess RF output overvoltage condition.
Note should be made in
A turn on of transorb device TS1, which functions as a voltage controlled switch, instantaneously connects the serial capacitance C1 across the capacitor network C2, C3, and C4. An immediate change then appears in the tuning of the resonant network mentioned above, which then instantaneously alters the waveshape of the RF source signal shown in
As the peak voltage decreases, the excess overvoltage is automatically limited and is restricted to operating levels below that which cause negative clinical effects. Once the excess RF output voltage level falls below the transorb threshold, the TS1 device turns off and the electrosurgical generator 2 returns to a controlled rate of tissue desiccation.
In the event that arcing is present in the surgical tissue field, undesirable excess transient RF energy may exist and may be reflected in the RF output of the electrosurgical generator 2. This in turn may generate a corresponding excess RF output voltage that creates sufficient transient overvoltage to turn on the transorb TS1. In this condition the cycle repeats as described above, where TS1 turns on, alters the resonant tuned network comprised of the magnetic and capacitive components, and thus also alters the RF source signal waveshape. This automatically reduces the excess overvoltage.
In accordance with this aspect of the disclosure, the excess RF transient energy is suppressed and the overvoltage is limited by the dynamic, real-time automatic detuning of the RF energy deliv red to the tissue being treated.
It should be noted that the embodiment of
In an additional embodiment the measured electrical characteristic of the tissue, preferably the impedance (Zi) and the RMS current pulse width (Pw) may be used to determine a fixed voltage reduction factor (Vdec) to be used for subsequent pulses, and to determine a fixed number of pulses (PF) to be delivered for the sealing procedure. The relationship among the voltage reduction factor, the measured impedance and the RMS current pulse width may be defined as Vdec=F(ZI, Pw), and the relationship among the number of pulses, the measured impedance and the RMS current pulse width may be defined as PF=F′ (ZI, Pw). In
In a further additional embodiment, tissue sealing is accomplished by the electrosurgical system described above by continuously monitoring or sensing the current or tissue impedance rate of change. If the rate of change increases above a predetermined limit, then RF pulsing is automatically terminated by controlling the electrosurgical generator 2 accordingly and any previously changed pulse parameters (e.g., power, voltage and current increments) are reset to the original default values. In this embodiment, the ending current or tissue impedance, i.e., the current or tissue impedance at the end of each RF pulse, is also continuously monitored or sensed. The ending values are then used to determine the pulse parameters for the subsequent RF pulse; to determine if the seal cycle should end (based on the ending values of the last few RF pulses which did not change by more than a predetermined amount); and to determine the duty cycle of the subsequent RF pulse.
Further, in this embodiment, RF power, pulse width, current and/or voltage levels of subsequent RF pulses can be kept constant or modified on a pulse-by-pulse basis depending on whether the tissue has responded to the previously applied RF energy or pulse (i.e., if the tissue impedance has begun to rise). For example, if the tissue has not responded to a previously applied RF pulse, the RF power output, pulse width, current and/or voltage levels are increased for the subsequent RF pulse.
Hence, since these RF pulse parameters can subsequently be modified following the initial RF pulse, the initial set of RF pulse parameters, i.e., a magnitude of a starting RF power level, a magnitude of a starting voltage level, a magnitude of the starting pulse width, and a magnitude of a starting current level, are selected accordingly such that the first or initial RF pulse does not excessively heat the tissue. One or more of these starting levels are modified during subsequent RF pulses to account for varying tissue properties, if the tissue has not responded to the previously applied RF pulse which includes the initial RF pulse.
The above functions are implemented by a seal intensity algorithm represented as a set of programmable instructions configured for being executed by at least one processing unit of a vessel sealing system. The vessel sealing system includes a Seal Intensity control panel for manually adjusting the starting voltage level, in a similar fashion as described above with reference to
As shown in
The Seal Intensity front panel settings, as shown in
At step E′, a determination is made as to whether the RF pulse has ended. If no, the process loops back to step B′. If yes, the process proceeds to step F′. At step F′, the ending current or tissue impedance is measured. At step G′, the measured ending values are used for determining if the seal cycle should end (based on the current level or ending impedance of the last few RF pulses which did not change by more than a predetermined amount). If yes, the process terminates at step H′. If no, the process continues at step I′, where the ending values are used for determining the pulse parameters, i.e., the power, pulse width, current and/or voltage levels, and the duty cycle of the subsequent RF pulse from an entry in one of a plurality of lookup tables. The process then loops back to step A′. One of the plurality of lookup tables is selected manually or automatically, based on a choice of an electrosurgical tool or instrument
While the system has been particularly shown and described with respect to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from its scope and spirit.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Friday, November 22, 2013
Deputies received an anonymous tip Monday that there were two children, ages 9 and 6, who had been left alone at a home on Hodge Drive.
When the deputy arrived he knocked on the door and heard voices inside but no one opened the door. With the help of a neighbor the deputy was able to get a little girl to respond to the door.
The girl said her mother and father went to pay the electric bill and would be right back.
As the deputy was talking with the children one of whom had started to cry their father walked up from behind the house. He was asked where he had been. He said he had gone to get groceries and his vehicle would not start.
The man said his wife was around the corner with the vehicle.
The deputy said she looked inside the house and saw clothes piled on the floor to the point she could not see the carpet underneath.
I also observed various foods that appeared to be old and molded on the table, the deputy wrote.
When the childrens mother arrived home, she said she tried to keep the house clean but the kids kept messing it up.
The deputy said she called DSS and advised she was placing the kids in emergency protective custody.
Both the man and his wife were arrested for child neglect.
Sibling stabbing
A man from Gasque Street in Sampit said he was stabbed by his 45-year-old sister during an argument Saturday evening.
When deputies arrived they saw the man was bleeding from his left leg. He said he got into an argument with his sister about kids coming in the yard and she picked up a knife and stabbed him.
Another man said he was at the house when the stabbing occurred but did not see it happen.
A steak knife was found in the grass and was placed into evidence.
The woman accused of the stabbing left before deputies arrived. The case is still under investigation.
Throat-slashing threat
A man from Honey Hill Street said his 51-year-old girlfriend started yelling at him the night of Nov. 15 because a female had called his cell phone.
He said there were people at the house so he went outside to talk to his girlfriend. That resulted in an argument and she went back inside and locked him out of the house.
The man knocked until one of the guests opened the door. The man said when he told his girlfriend she needed to leave, she grabbed a butcher knife and threatened to cut his throat.
Thats when the man went back outside and called 911.
The guests at the residence refused to answer any questions the deputies asked about the altercation.
The woman was arrested for criminal domestic violence of a high and aggravated nature.
Information is subject to change as the investigation proceeds. Individuals arrested and/or charged have not been convicted. Compiled by Scott Harper.
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Inspired to make a difference, the Rudolph R. Raabe College of Pharmacy blends a distinguished history with a vision for exceptional, personalized education that has resulted in training some of the nation's most talented pharmacists. The PharmD curriculum integrates a comprehensive foundation in the pharmaceutical sciences and the practice of pharmacy.
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As the governing body of the University, the Board of Trustees exercises jurisdiction in all matters except those for which it has delegated authority to the President of the University, other officers, or agencies of the University.
The Board consists of 13 members, 11 who have official votes. Nine are appointed by the Governor for terms of six years, and three student trustees (one from each campus) are elected by referenda on their campuses for one-year terms. One of these student trustees is appointed by the Governor to have an official vote. The Governor serves as an ex-officio member.
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The Union Street bridge has reopened after being closed for hours as crews made a few repairs after a tractor-trailor's fuel tank ruptured when going over it early this morning.
According to Aiken Public Safety's Lt. Karl Odenthal, there didn't appear to be any damage to the actual structure of the bridge. A few spikes that held the wood down were damaged, and the S.C. Department of Transportation has worked to fix that, he said. Crews also put sand down where fuel leaked onto the road.
Crews have now completed the clean up and inspection of the bridge, said police.
Officers responded to the scene at 6:42 a.m. The truck was on route to make a delivery on Powderhouse Road. It attempted to go over the bridge, which Odenthal said it didn't have the clearance for, and the front right fuel tank, as well as the reserve tank, ruptured.
Fuel trailed from the intersection of Park Avenue and Union Street down to East Pine Log and Banks Mill Road, Odenthal said.
The truck was tracked down by Aiken Public Safety. They are currently assessing the damage of the truck and determining whether or not it is still operational.
No injuries were reported.
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text: Prev | Next Purchase this photo Mark Webb/The Herald-Dispatch Huntington Prep's Andrew Wiggins is fouled by Nikola Jovanovic of Arlington Country Day during the Boyd County Roundball Classic on Saturday, Dec. 15, 2012, at Boyd County Middle School in Summit, Ky. Gallery: Andrew Wiggins in Huntington May. 14, 2013 @ 12:15 PM The Herald-Dispatch / 2015 Huntington Prep phenom Andrew Wiggins has announced he will head to Kansas to for his college basketball career. Here's a look back at his past few years in Huntington. ()


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You want everyone to know you are a die-hard Oklahoma Sooners fanatic. It might not be game day, but now you can still look stylish and show your pride with these Canyon Pleats shorts. These casual shorts feature two front and back pockets with an embroidered Oklahoma wordmark on the front left leg. Fashionably displaying Sooners spirit won't be a problem for this fanatic!
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Dr. Gordon S. Wood Lecture: "The Revolutionary Origins of the Civil War"
Dr. Gordon S. Wood, the Alva O. Way University Professor Emeritus at Brown University, will be the featured speaker at Ohio Northern University on Thursday, March 14 at 7 p.m. in the Freed Center for the Performing Arts. The title of his lecture is "The Revolutionary Origins of the Civil War." The talk will attempt to explain how the Revolution set in motion the forces that led to the sectional split and the resultant Civil War. By 1820, the Civil War was inevitable.
Dr. Wood is the author of many works, including The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787 (1969), which won the Bancroft Prize and the John H. Dunning Prize in 1970, and The Radicalism of the American Revolution (1992), which won the Pulitzer Prize for History and the Ralph Waldo Emerson Prize in 1993. The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin (2004) was awarded the Julia Ward Howe Prize by the Boston Authors Club in 2005. His volume in the Oxford History of the United States, Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789-1815 (2009), was given the Association of American Publishers Award for History and Biography in 2009, the American History Book Prize by the New York Historical Society for 2010, and the Society of the Cincinnati History Prize in 2010.
In 2011, he was awarded a National Humanities Medal by President Barack Obama and the Churchill Bell by Colonial Williamsburg. In 2011, he also received the Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. Award from the Society of American Historians. In 2012, he received an award from the John Carter Brown Library and the John F. Kennedy Medal from the Massachusetts Historical Society. Professor Wood is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.
A book signing will follow the lecture.


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Come take a trip with CAB and enjoy fun arcade games. The cost for Hilbert students will be $5 and they will receive a $15 play card. Your spot will only be reserved when you pay $5 at the Student Activities Office in the lower level of the Campus Center. Student ID is required. Transportation will be provided and is leaving promptly at 7pm outside of the Campus Center.
Sponsored by Campus Activities Board


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Dawson-Bryant students celebrate prom
COAL GROVE, Ohio -- Students at Dawson-Bryant High School took control of their good time Saturday evening during their prom, themed "We Own the Night."
The prom, which took place at the school in Coal Grove, Ohio, was one of the last big events for seniors at the school before their graduation ceremony on Sunday, May 26.
The last day of school for Dawson-Bryant Local Schools is Wednesday, May 22.
Dawson-Bryant's was the only prom to take place this weekend in the Tri-State, which was packed with proms during the last weekends in April and the first weekend in May.
The Herald-Dispatch sent a photographer to Dawson-Bryant's and several other proms this prom season, and photos from those events can be viewed at www.heralddispatch.com.
Readers still can submit their own prom photos by emailing news@ herald-dispatch.com with the subject line "Prom Photos."
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A Gladesboro man was seriously injured when the car he was driving was struck by another vehicle at the intersection of Snake Creek Road and Westover Road on Jan.11. According to State Trooper Sgt. Mike Musser, Marty Dalton suffered "some pretty serious injuries, but they didn't appear to be life threatening."
Dalton, driving a 2000 Toyota Camry, was headed east toward Gladesboro on Snake Creek Road when a 2010 Ford Edge, driven by Tracy Carico of Galax, ran a stop sign on Westover Road, and slammed into the passenger side of Dalton's car at approximately 2:54 p.m.
The Carroll County EMS and the Hillsville Volunteer Fire Department responded to the accident. Dalton, who was not wearing a seat belt, had to be extricated from his vehicle with powers cutters and the jaws of life.
Carico was charged with failure to yield the right of way by State Trooper J.D. Delp, who investigated the accident.


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Light Rain
Wind: 8 mph
To The Editor:
Once again the town's taxpayers are being led down the proverbial garden path by a special interests group trying to run the town government.
Like the "big pipe" wet dream to nowhere, which took three separate votes to pass it because of a few private self-interested parties refusing to take a no vote as an answer in this Valley.
Thus, because of about 33 voters we all ended up with the whole town dug up, 90 places hooked up to water, the town taxpayer debt at $670,000 and one woman left without her aquifer!
Now they can't even construct a simple second ballot but appear to be muddying the waters on exactly what they want us to vote for.
Here's a very easy ballot:
Do you want a new town hall building costing $1.3 million at the Farm Stand? Yes or No.
Do you want a rehab. town hall building costing $2.1 million at the old Methodist Church? Yes or No.
Are you willing to pay for either of these choices by having the town secure a bond in the amount of the winning choice? Yes or No.
Instead, would you prefer to rent new town office space? Yes or No.
Charles Kettles
P.S. Don't be swayed by the possibility of a $750,000 grant – it may or may not be available. You have to stop being suckered into these big buck projects by the lure of a few grant dollars dangled in front of you. There is no free lunch. C.K.


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The 1964 year model was the fourth and final year of this body style. Interior trim was much altered, and the exterior featured a... More
1964 Ford Galaxy 500 2dr ht, 390 hi-po, fact 4 speed, ga car, good seats, new carpet and paint, newer tires, runs good. ... More


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http://www.mmafighting.com/2013/9/4/...xeira-mma-newsJon Jones, the current champion, puts his title on the line against Alexander Gustafsson at UFC 165 on Sept. 21, but none of them can match Teixeiras talent, according to former UFC champion and training partner Lyoto Machida.
"I believe Glover is the next champion," Machida told MMAFighting.com. "I dont see anyone in the light heavyweight division to stop Glover Teixeira. Not even Jon Jones."
Teixeira made his UFC debut on May 2012, and has defeated four opponents in one year. He has finished 15 of his 21 wins in the first round, and Machida guarantees hes ready to fight five rounds.
"We train together for a long time," he said. "To do well against him, you really, really need to know what youre doing. Hes too strong for this division.


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- About
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|Event Details
|Sunday, November 04, 2012
"Faust in France"
Fall Production--ClassicalAdaptation
A New Play by Christopher Shorr
Based on Christopher Marlowe's classical tragedy "Doctor Faustus" In the trenches of World War One, with bombs bursting overhead, a German scientist--John Faust--tries desperately to crack the riddle of creating poison gas. When all else fails, he turns to the evil Mephistophilis for help. Selling his soul for the secret, Faust is condemned to live with the murderous consequences of his actions.
Time: 2:00 pm
Location: Arena Theatre
|Contact: Christopher Shorr Phone: 610-861-1489
Email: email@example.com


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Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Toast almonds until crisp, lightly browned, and fragrant, about 7 minutes. Remove from oven and set aside. Meanwhile, place quinoa in a fine sieve and rinse under cold running water until the water runs clear; drain well.
In a medium saucepan, heat 2 teaspoons olive oil over medium heat. Add yellow pepper, garlic, scallions, and red-pepper flakes; cook until the pepper is crisp-tender, about 5 minutes.
Stir in quinoa, thyme, 1 cup water, and 1/4 teaspoon salt. Bring to a boil, reduce to a simmer, cover, and cook 7 minutes. Stir in zucchini, cover, and cook until quinoa is tender but not mushy, 5 to 8 minutes longer. Remove the saucepan from heat.
Stir in celery, almonds, and remaining 2 teaspoons oil, season with salt, and fluff with a fork. Cool to room temperature before packing into two containers and refrigerating. When ready to eat, squeeze lime over salad, if desired. Serve with additional lime wedge and thyme, if desired.


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March Profiles
Rising Leader U.S. Sen. Lisa Murkowski JD'85 has made a name for herself in the Senate's Republican ranks.03-26-2009
Is Study Abroad Sustainable? Professor Nathan Sivers Boyce gives his perspective for an Inside Higher Ed article on study abroad programs' environmental impact.03-25-2009
Interns Pick Up Political Experience Interns Pick Up Political Experience at the Capitol03-15-2009
The Economics of Fishing Exploring the Economics of Fishing03-15-2009
Student Athletes Score At Willamette you might meet a rower who plays brilliant cello, or a track star sprinting toward a career in medicine.03-15-2009
'Where Are My Nurses?' How does America's health care system relate to a nurse shortage in Ghana? Sarah Kutten '09 uses her undergraduate research grant from Willamette to reveal a surprising connection.03-15-2009
Playing with His Heart on His Sleeve03-03-2009
Dedicated to Philanthropy Dedicated to Philanthropy: Alumni Rank Tenth in Nation for Peace Corps Service03-01-2009


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ROSEMONT, Ill.---The Chicago Wolves kicked off the final quarter of their 2011-12 regular season Sunday afternoon at Allstate Arena with one of their finest wins of the year.
Mark Mancari delivered his second hat trick of the season and Darren Haydar registered his 100th goal with the Wolves as Chicago earned a 4-1 triumph over the Western Conference-leading Oklahoma City Barons.
Goaltender Eddie Lack rejected 32 shots as the Wolves (31-22-2-3) ended their season-high-tying five-game winless streak. They also pulled within three points of first-place Charlotte in the Midwest Division.
"We looked a lot better today than we did last night and it is a bit of a relief to get a win," said Wolves head coach Craig MacTavish. "Now we can build on this momentum instead of trying to rebuild after a loss."
The Wolves snapped two slumps in one fell swoop with the game's first goal, which came at the 10:15 mark of the first period. Mancari blasted a shot from the left point that whizzed through Byron Bitz' screen and past Oklahoma City goaltender David LeNeveu. Kevin Connauton and Haydar picked up assists on the score.
Mancari's first tally of the day ended a 220-minute, 45-second stretch where the Wolves managed just 1 goal. Chicago also earned its second power-play goal in the last 45 chances.
The Wolves' success on the power play set the stage for a flurry at the outset of the second period.
Just 26 seconds into the middle frame, Mancari gained possession of the puck in a crowd along the boards at the blue line and wristed the puck past an unsuspecting LeVeneu. Seven seconds later, Haydar took advantage of a turnover to give the Wolves a 3-0 lead. Andrew Gordon earned his first assist with the Wolves.
Haydar's first goal in 18 games enabled him to join Steve Maltais (454 goals), Rob Brown (157) and Brett Sterling (143) as the only players in Wolves annals to reach the 100-goal mark. It also knocked LeNeveu from the game in favor of Olivier Roy.
Oklahoma City (35-17-2-4) cut the margin to 3-1 with 42 seconds left in the second period on Linus Omark's sixth goal of the season.
Mancari iced the victory when he swiped the puck from Barons defenseman Taylor Chorney and raced in for a breakaway goal at 17:29 of the third period. Mancari owns five hat tricks in the last two seasons and eight multiple-goal efforts this year.
The Wolves return to the ice at 7 p.m. Wednesday to face Milwaukee in an Amtrak Rivalry game at Allstate Arena. For ticket information, visit ChicagoWolves.com or call 1-800-THE-WOLVES.
Oklahoma City 0 1 0 -- 1
Chicago 1 2 1 -- 4
First Period---1, Chicago, Mancari 23 (Connauton, Haydar), 10:15 pp. Penalties---Keller, Oklahoma City (holding), 7:08; Montgomery, Oklahoma City (holding), 9:24; Omark, Oklahoma City (high-sticking), 10:34; Lander, Oklahoma City (double minor high-sticking), 15:11; Matheson, Chicago (hooking), 17:45.
Second Period---2, Chicago, Mancari 24 (Reinprecht, Baumgartner), 0:26; 3, Chicago, Haydar 13 (Gordon), 0:33; 4, Oklahoma City, Omark 6 (VandeVelde, Paajarvi), 19:18. Penalties--Tyrvainen, Oklahoma City (roughing), 3:00.
Third Period---5, Chicago, Mancari 25 (unassisted), 17:29. Penalties---Polasek, Chicago (tripping), 11:42;
Shots on goal---Oklahoma City: 12-13-8—33; Chicago: 9-14-9—32. Power plays---Oklahoma City 0-2; Chicago 1-6. Goalies—Oklahoma City, LeNeveu (8-11), Roy (20-21); Chicago, Lack (32-33). A---10,725. Referee---Graham Skilliter. Linesmen---Brian Oliver and Mathieu Chenier.


text: Hi. I was wondering if there is any possible conection to past eating disorders and the development of pre-e in pregnancy... or the development of earlier onset pre-e. I developed pre-e at 29 weeks... i made it till 35 weeks before my doctors decied to induce due to CNS involvement. I was 24 during my pregnancy. I suffered from anorexia purging type from the age of 15-21. 2 other women I know who also suffered from eating disorders of similar type who also developed pre-e in their pregnancies before 31 weeks. Could there be a connection? I was wondering if maybe possible damage done to the body during the eating disorder contributed. Thank you.


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Results 31 to 37 of 37
How do those shoes work on different terrain?
I'm pondering to train for one of these survival parkours marathons (Tough Mudder - thx Pandinha for pointing me there), and the people that I talked to all wanted to sell me on those shoes.
Registered Member
- Join Date
- Oct 2010
- Location
- San Diego, CA
- Posts
- 146
Posted On:
4/14/2011 1:20am
Style: MT, BJJ, BBT--
Tough Mudder looks pretty sick. I've pondered the same a few times, but I'm apparently not man enough.
I like the VFF for a multi-surface run. The Vibram rubber is a good sole. I find the grip a little too much for dojo training, but I've loved them for running and climbing. The rubber itself has pretty decent grip, and it's got tons of micro-cuts running across it, which open very slightly when it's flexed. Adds even more grip.
However, as training for a marathon is already pretty difficult, be aware of the difference between "barefoot" running and traditional running shoes. I mean specifically the extra load it puts on a few of the muscles of your lower leg, and your increased risk of damage to the plantar fascia. Going into training slowly and carefully can save you time in the long run.
Thanks, man. - For me, the point is really, I got to work way more on cardio, and thus the crossfit-ish training TM preparation requires is just right for me at the moment. And ALL those guys do barefoot running, which indeed keeps me puzzled, mainly because of the risk of unjury you mentioned.
Registered Member
- Join Date
- Dec 2009
- Location
- Schofield Barracks, Hawaii
- Posts
- 35
Posted On:
4/14/2011 2:44am
Style: Wrestling and Boxing--
the smell doesnt go away with just machine washing or febreeze or any other deoderant type spray. I have always used vinegar to get the smell out of mine. it seems weird but i lightly douse them in vinegar and let them dry in the sun...BAM no more smell
the trick to keeping the smell away is being vigilant with washing them and to not store them in a gym bag while still wet from sweat. its best to let them dry in the sun
WHoever asked about running in the snow: its really all up to what your body can handle man. i was living in GA when i first got mine and couldnt run in them in the winter. my feet and ankles were too cold for it to be a pleasant experience
Dark Overlord of the Bullshido Underworld
- Join Date
- Jan 2003
- Location
- New York, NY USA
- Posts
- 5,601
Posted On:
4/14/2011 6:27am--Calm down, it's only ones and zeros.
"Your calm and professional manner of response is really draining all the fun out of this. Can you reply more like Dr. Fagbot or something? Call me some names, mention some sand in my vagina or something of the sort. You can't expect me to come up with reasonable arguments man!" -- MaverickZ
"Tom Kagan spins in his grave and the fucking guy isn't even dead yet." -- Snake Plissken
My Bullshido fan club threads:
Tom Kagan's a big hairy...
Tom Kagan can lick my BALLS
Tom Kagan teaches _ing __un and bigotry?
Tom Kagan: Serious discussion here
Lamokio asks the burning question is Tom Kagan a ***** or just cruising for some
I'm Dave the gay Kickboxer from Manchester and I have the hots for Tom Kagan
World Dominator 'Kagan' in plot to lie about real Kung Fu and Martial Arts
Tom Kagan just gave me my third negative rep in a day
I am infatuated with Tom Kagan
Tom Kagan is a fat balding white guy.
- Join Date
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Posted On:
4/15/2011 2:53pm


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