text:
A method and apparatus implementing a user interface device, such as a mouse or trackball, having electronically controllable tactile responsiveness which is flexibly programmable. A user interface device effects positioning of a cursor within a limited area, such as on a display screen, with limits imposed by controllable tactile responsiveness. Programmable force-position characteristics relate the tactile responsiveness of the interface device to the position of the cursor within the limited area or on the display screen. In a described embodiment, the interface device includes at least two sets of wheels that move as the interface device is actuated. The at least two sets of wheels are aligned on mutually orthogonal axes. A servo motor is attached to each of the at least two sets of wheels. A position encoder is associated with each servo motor and outputs position information to a controller that has access to force-position relation information that is a function of a screen display on which the cursor is manipulated. The controller outputs a digital signal, in accordance with the force-display position relation information. The digital signal is converted to an analog current signal applied to the servo motor(s) to generate force in the servo motor. The force, presenting a tactile response to a human interacting with the user interface device, is perceived as a resistance, tactile pressure or lack thereof, or as a positive, assisted motion which is indicative of position on a screen display.
1. A device, comprising:
an actuator having a user interface, the actuator being configured to output haptic feedback to the user interface, the haptic feedback including a modulating force simulating a plurality of electronically defined stop positions;
a data storage component configured to store torque data associated with the haptic feedback simulating a plurality of electronically defined stop positions, the torque data being associated with a force profiles, the torque data being provided by a host computer based on a selection of at least one force profile from the plurality of force profiles based on a host software application running on the host computer;
a sensor coupled to the user interface, the sensor being configured to send position information associated with a position of the user interface to the host computer; and
a local controller coupled to the data storage component and the actuator, the local controller being configured to be in communication with the host computer, the local controller being configured to receive position data from the host software application of the host computer, the local controller being configured to send a control signal to the actuator based on the position data and the torque data to simulate the plurality of electronically defined stop positions.
2. The device of
3. The device of
4. The device of
5. The device of
6. The device of
7. A device, comprising:
a user interface, the user interface being configured to provide haptic feedback simulating a plurality of electronically defined stop positions based on a plurality of torque data values associated with a processor executable application, the haptic feedback simulating a plurality of electronically defined stop positions being associated with a plurality of force output profiles, each of the plurality of force output profiles being uniquely associated with a torque data value from the plurality of torque data values;
a local data storage component configured to store the plurality of torque data values, the plurality of torque data values being provided by a host computer based on a selection of a force output profile from the plurality of force output profiles based on the processor executable application;
a sensor coupled to the user interface, the sensor being configured to send a position signal associated with a position of the user interface to the host computer; and
a local controller coupled to the local data storage component and the sensor, the local controller configured to receive position information from the host computer, the local controller being configured to control the haptic feedback simulating a plurality of electronically defined stop positions in response to the position information and based on the plurality of torque data values.
8. The device of
9. The device of
10. The device of
11. The device of
12. A method, comprising:
receiving a position signal at a local controller, the position signal being based on at least one of a position and a movement of a user interface;
generating a control signal based on torque data and the position signal, the torque data being provided to the local memory device by a host computer based on a selection of a torque profile associated with a computer program running on the host computer; and
transmitting the control signal to the user interface to output haptic feedback simulating a plurality of electronically defined stop positions at the user interface.
13. The method of
14. The method of
receiving at a local memory device the torque data from the host computer, the torque data including an input signal identifying the computer program running on the host computer.
This is a continuation of of prior U.S. application Ser. No. 09/253,392, filed on Feb. 19, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,876,891 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/585,198, filed Jan. 11, 1996, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,889,670, incorporated herein by reference, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/434,176, filed May 3, 1995, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,412, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/076,344, filed Jun. 11, 1993, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,414,337, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/783,635, filed Oct. 24, 1991, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,260.
The present invention relates to user interface devices and in particular to devices providing tactile responsiveness and having programmable force-position profiles defining tactile responsiveness in manipulating a cursor on a screen display.
In numerous contexts humans perform tasks by interacting with machines via actuators having knobs, dials or linear actuators. Such human interaction in many instances becomes conditioned upon the responsiveness of the actuator. The human operator interacts in accordance with tactile feedback perceived through contact with the actuator knobs, dials or handles.
For example, in video or film editing using systems as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,937,685 and 4,964,004 which are incorporated herein by reference, an editor edits video image information at a console having a plurality of "control wheels"(i.e. large dials or knobs). The film or video editor controls operation of a composition system from an operator's console, as illustrated in
The control wheels 112 exhibit tactile responsiveness, such as detents or clicks, as they are rotated. Typically, a full rotation of the wheel 112 is correlated to a unit of time, such as one second, of viewing the visual source material being edited. A corresponding number of "frames" of visual source material will be viewed during such a time period, depending on the medium or type of source material being edited. It is most desirable that the number of frames of source material be correlated to the tactile responsiveness, i.e. number of clicks, of the wheel 112 during rotation. For instance, film editing involves standardized source material of which twenty-four (24) frames are provided per second. Thus, it is most desirable that in a full rotation of the wheel 112 (presenting one second of source material), the wheel respond with twenty-four (24) clicks, each click corresponding to one frame of the visual source material.
While film editing involves source material having twenty-four (24) frames per second, other video medium standards require different frame rates. The frame rate, or number of frames per second according to the National Television System Committee (NTSC) is thirty (30) frames per second, a standard promulgated for television video in the United States. Standards such as PAL and SECAM provide for a standard frame rate of twenty-five (25) frames per second in England and France respectively. New standards for high definition television specify a frame rate of thirty (30) or sixty (60) frames per second.
Differing frame rate standards relating to visual source material and the nature of mechanical detents in actuators, presents the problem that multiple actuators are required to facilitate correlation between actuator tactile responsiveness and the various visual source material standards. As illustrated in
In addition to the lack of flexibility of use of fixed mechanical detent actuators, such actuators disadvantageously become worn and suffer tactile responsiveness degradation over time. Other mechanically/spring loaded linear or rotary actuators suffer similar deficiencies.
Likewise, other types of actuators or user interface devices are known for permitting users to interact with electronic devices, such as personal computers. Such user interface devices, like a trackball or mouse as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,868,549 ("the '549 patent"), may include tactile responsiveness in the form of resistance to movement of the device as the device is actuated and the cursor moves across predetermined areas of the display screen.
In the '549 patent a mouse is disclosed which has an electromagnetic means, in the form of an electromagnet in conjunction with a magnetic surface or an electromagnetic brake, which provides resistance to the movement of a "spherical ball pickup". Feedback or tactile responsiveness is achieved in one embodiment by controlling the degree of sliding friction between a magnetic portion of the mouse and a magnetic pad surface on which the mouse must be actuated. Disadvantageously, the magnetic pad surface is a requirement in such an embodiment, and the friction forces between the pad and the mouse may be affected in ways that may not be predictable and might be detrimental to the tactile responsiveness.
In another embodiment in the '549 patent, an electromagnetic brake is included and resistance is provided by the brake directly to the spherical ball or tracking element. The braking mechanism is totally self-contained within the mouse eliminating the need for a magnetic pad surface. However, while the electromagnetic brake provides a stopping mechanism, it cannot provide a continuous torque to the tracking element, i.e. no torque is applied when the tracking element is stopped. Such a mechanism cannot be used to change tactile responsiveness, e.g. to decrease resistance, as a function of characteristics of a particular screen display. The resistance provided is only opposed to motion and cannot aid motion by actively driving the ball to facilitate ease of motion in certain display areas or to keep the cursor off of the boundary of a restricted display area.
The present invention provides an actuator having electronically controllable tactile responsiveness which is flexibly programmable to facilitate provision in a single actuator of torque-position characteristics, such as a selectable number of detents per actuation through its full operative path. In an illustrative case of a rotary actuator the present invention facilitates provision in a single actuator, of torque versus angular position characteristics, such as a selectable number of detents per revolution.
According to the invention, an actuator is in communication with a servo motor having a position encoder which outputs position information to a controller that has access to torque-position relation information. The output of the controller is a digital torque signal, in accordance with the torque-position relation information, which is converted to an analog current signal applied to the servo motor to generate torque in the servo motor. The torque, presenting a tactile response to a human interacting with the actuator, is sensed as a detent or a plurality of detents.
In further accord with the invention, the controller is a microprocessor which receives position information, from the encoder, through a counter as a position count. Torque-position relation information is stored in microprocessor accessible firmware as a table containing a series of particular torque values corresponding to a series of particular position values. The torque values, output as digital signals and converted by a digital to analog converter, can be modified in accordance with a plurality of stored torque versus position tables to facilitate flexible programming of various torque profiles.
Features of the invention include the capacity to store and modify torque profiles and to select one of a predetermined set of torque profiles to provide an actuator with a desired tactile responsiveness. The torque profiles, stored for example, in electrically erasable programmable read only memory can be changed via a computer in communication with the microprocessor. Upon system power down and subsequent power up, a previously entered torque profile can be present as a default profile.
In a further embodiment of the invention, a user interface device, such as a trackball or mouse, is provided and implemented with programmable tactile responsiveness. In a mouse or trackball embodiment, the device includes an interface mechanism comprised of at least two sets of wheels that move as a spherical ball or tracking element is actuated by a user. The wheels are aligned on mutually orthogonal axes and each of at least two sets of wheels has a servo motor attached thereto and a position encoder associated with each servo motor. Position information from the position encoder is received by a controller that has access to tactile force information, i.e. torque-display position information.
The torque-display position information relates a position or coordinate of a display entity or cursor on a display screen of an electronic device to a force or torque applied to the user interface device, effecting tactile responsiveness of the user interface device as a function of the display screen on which the display entity or cursor is manipulated. The controller, having received the display entity or cursor position information from the position encoders, generates an output which is a digital signal in accordance with the force-display position relation information. The force can be positive or negative, to assist or resist motion. In a disclosed embodiment, a digital torque signal output in accordance with torque-display position information is converted via a digital to analog converter, to an analog current signal which is applied to servo motors to generate torque in the servo motors. The torque generated in the servo motors is translated to the tracking element or ball of the user interface device and perceived by the user as tactile responsiveness that is a function of the position of the cursor on the screen display.
Features of the invention include the capability to effect tactile screen boundaries, and "walls" and "troughs" which correspond to button bar functions or icon placement on a drag-down menu, by increasing and decreasing resistance to further manipulation of the interface device by the user, or by aiding motion of the device. "Bumps" and other textures can be implemented on the screen display and tactilely perceived as the cursor is moved. Cell boundaries can be defined by hard stops or "hills" which a cursor will roll off to limit access to screen areas or otherwise provide an indication of cursor position without requiring the user to look at the screen. Different tactile response profiles can be stored to correspond to different screen displays and user applications. Physically impaired people can interface to computer applications without the need for sight or fine motor skills.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent in view of the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, of which:
Referring now to
The position information received from the encoder 118 is processed by a controller 120 so that it represents a positional count. The controller 120 accesses stored input data 122 in the form of torgue-position relation information which correlates a received position count with a related torque value. As noted hereinbefore, the position count, which is a function of encoder output information, can be derived by electronically dividing position information provided by the encoder waveform, as desired into a selected number of positions or position values. The input data 122 accessed by the controller 120 will have stored torque values associated with the selected position values as provided in accordance with the desired torque profile. The controller 120 outputs the torque value as a digital signal which is converted by a latchable digital to analog converter 124 to an analog voltage. As a voltage applied to the motor would result in a proportional motor speed, the analog voltage is related to motor torque by generating a proportional motor current using a power amplifier 126 in conjunction with a motor power supply 128. The torque related current is applied to the motor 116 to present the desired torque which imparts the desired tactile responsiveness to the control knob 114.
In an embodiment illustrated in
A main application CPU 136 runs an application which requires and defines particular torque profiles for the actuator 114. The main application CPU may run an application which defines the functionality of a control wheel and related function buttons as illustrated in
The main application CPU 136, upon application initialization, down loads the desired torque profiles to the microprocessor accessible EEPROM, via an RS-232 serial, or other communication port. The desired torque profiles reside in EEPROM and are selectable via the microprocessor for providing the desired torque at the appropriate actuator position(s) in accordance with the requirements of the main application. A desired torque profile can be selected by a user operating the control knob 144 or outer dial 140 actuators, alone or with other control functions such as the alt or shift keys, to be responsive in accordance with the first or second function. A change in actuator function, and a corresponding change in actuator responsiveness (i.e. torque profile) can be effected via selected key strokes, such as a shift key or function key implementation discussed.
The EEPROM resident tables will not change until a new set of profiles is programmed, i.e down loaded, into the microprocessor accessible memory. Thus, when the system is powered down and subsequently powered up, the previously selected torque profile is resident and available as a default mode for the respective actuators.
As illustrated in
For instance, it is desirable when editing film, to turn the first actuator 114′ to add one or more frames to one end of the composition material while removing one or the same number of frames from an opposite end of the composition material controlled by the second actuator 150. In such a case, rather than trying to turn the respective control knobs exactly the same amount, it would be best to have the second actuator 150 respond according to the first actuator 114′ and its associated torque profile.
As the first actuator 114′ is manually rotated N clicks as sensed according to its torque profile implemented as discussed hereinbefore with respect to
While the implementation of a driven actuator describes a tachometer for determining velocity of the actuators, it will be appreciated that velocity can be derived by the microprocessor using a mathematical operation which takes the first derivative of the rate of change of position information, eliminating the need for a tachometer. Further, although a motor power supply is indicated in
Although the invention is described herein in the context of an actuator in a film/video editing context, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that selectably programmable tactile responsiveness according to the invention can be provided in many contexts in which mode selection of tactile responsiveness is desirable.
While the actuator having electronically controllable tactile responsiveness is described herein as providing a selectable number of detents or clicks per rotation of a control wheel, it can be appreciated that other torque profiles, such as progressively increasing torque in one direction or another or increasing torque to a point of a pseudo hard stop, can be achieved according to the invention by introducing a torque profile which results in an appropriate current applied to the servo motor.
Further, although programmable tactile responsiveness is described in the context of a rotary actuator application, it will be appreciated that selectable tactile responsiveness can be implemented according to the invention in other applications and actuator contexts, such as in linear actuator contexts.
Referring now to
Similarly, referring now to
A second servo motor 410 is mounted to a fixed frame or surface 412 and controls responsiveness of the joystick 406 as it is actuated in the direction indicated by arrow C-D. An assembly comprised of the sphere 404, joystick 406 and first motor 403 is capable of limited rotation about an axis formed by a shaft 414 which is connected at a first end to the second motor 410 and at a second end to a bearing 416. As the joystick 406 is actuated in the direction C-D, the sphere 404, and first motor 403 to which the joystick 406 is attached is actuated having a responsiveness as determined by at least a second profile table stored in the torque controller 402.
Although the illustrative embodiments of the exercise implementation and joystick implementation describe controlled tactile responsiveness in a single axis and double axis context respectively, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that tactile responsiveness can be implemented in a plurality of axes greater than 2.
Furthermore, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that various mechanisms, such as the spool of the exerciser implementation, are useful for translating torque into linear force and/or linear force into rotational torque, and that the tables discussed hereinbefore while containing torque versus position profiles can be programmed to comprise force versus linear position profiles.
Referring now to
In this illustrative embodiment, the tracking member or ball is interconnected in the user interface device by an interconnection mechanism comprised of sets of drive wheels. Each of the sets of drive wheels 502, best illustrated in
Each pair of frames 508 attached to a common hub 506 and with associated gripping members 510, constitutes a wheel set that is attachable, as illustrated in
To implement a two dimensional user interface device, e.g. trackball or mouse, the tracking element or ball 504 is configured to have at least two drive/position assemblies 516 positioned with the gripping members 510 in contact with the ball. As illustrated in
A second drive/position assembly 516′ is positioned on an axis orthogonal with respect to the first drive/position assembly 516 and has a servo motor and encoder attached thereto. A second complementary slave assembly 520′ is positioned opposed to the second drive/position assembly 516′ and has gripping members of its wheel set engaging the side of the ball 504 opposite the second drive/position assembly 516′. In the illustrative two dimensional implementation, the complementary slave assemblies include motors that are slaved to the motors of the drive/position assemblies. Such slaved motors produce a complementary torque to assist the drive/position assemblies in applying a more balanced torque to the ball. It will be appreciated that a less expensive device can be implemented according to the invention by merely having the wheel sets opposed to the drive/position assemblies configured with a bearing to passively engage the ball.
As illustrated in
Referring now to
The user interface device 500 includes at least a first and second drive/position assembly 516, 516′ each with a servo motor 534 and encoder 536 and associated first and second complementary slave assemblies 520, 520′ for respectively sensing y-axis and x-axis ball movement to be translated into a cursor position on the display. In this illustrative embodiment, each of the servo motors in the drive/position assemblies is connected in series with its respective complementary slave assembly motor which results in the motor pairs seeing the same current. In the present application each servo motor 534 is not used as a motor per se, but rather as a torque controller. The motor never runs at a significant amount of its rated revolutions per minute, but operates normally in this application in a stalled or semi-stalled state. The preferred motor, as discussed hereinabove, has an installed encoder 536. The encoder 536 is matched to the motor and the motor application as appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art.
The computer or electronic device 528, as known in the art, is configured to accept an interface board 532 which includes the mechanisms required to electronically interface the user interface device 500 to the computer system 528 and display 530. The interface board 532 is typically configured to reside in an I/O slot of the computer 528 and includes a microprocessor 538 which communicates with the computer 528 via a serial communication channel 540. In the embodiment illustrated in
The microprocessor 538 accesses torque profile information from a storage mechanism as a function of the coordinate position indicated via the encoders, i.e. x-axis position and y-axis position. The storage mechanism can be internal to the microprocessor and/or external in the form of additional torque profile storage 545 (such as EEPROM, ROM, disk, CDROM etc). The torque profile information provides an indication of a torque or force to be applied by/to the motor. The torque is a function of the position of the cursor on the screen and a function of the particular screen display on which the cursor is being manipulated.
As in the embodiments described hereinbefore, the torque value, in this case a value for each motor or axis, is output from the storage mechanism as a digital signal which is converted by a latchable digital to analog converter (D/A) 544 to an analog voltage. As a voltage applied to the motor would result in a proportional motor speed, the analog voltage is related to motor torque by generating a proportional motor current using a power driver or amplifier 546 (for each motor). The torque related current is applied to the motor(s) 516, 516′, 520, 520′, to present the desired torque which imparts the desired tactile responsiveness to the ball 504.
The computer 528 runs an application, or several applications, which requires and defines particular torque profiles for the user interface device 500. Each screen display of an application running on the computer has torque profile information associated with that particular screen display to effect a corresponding particular tactile responsiveness for that screen display. The torque profile information which is being processed is stored in the microprocessor. Additional torque profile information which is not immediately required for a running screen display can be stored in external memory associated with the microprocessor 545. The torque profile information represents a spatial array that indicates the relationship of motor currents or torques as a function of position parameters for each axis present in the embodiment. In this illustrative embodiment the array must contain torque information for x and y axis motor pairs as a function of the x and y coordinate position of the cursor on the particular screen display(s).
Preferably, a large volume of torque profile information defining the tactile responsiveness of numerous screen displays of an application software package or an operating system is stored in a database associated with a particular application or applications that run on the computer. As illustrated in
A database of torque profiles 552, as part of an application running under the operating system or with the application 550, defines the tactile responsiveness of the user interface device based on the screen displays of the application(s). The torque profile information 552 is accessible to the application(s) or operating system(s) via the application's application program interface (API), as known in the art. The torque profiles relate the tactile responsiveness of the user interface device 500 to the graphical user interface(s) or screen display(s) of the application 550, as respective torque profiles are downloaded or made available to the microprocessor 538 on the interface board 532 to generate the appropriate digital signals in response to the position information received from the encoders, as discussed hereinbefore.
A user interface device driver 554 facilitates communication between the microprocessor 538 on the interface board 532 for the user interface device 500, and the host computer 528. The microprocessor computes coordinates for a change of cursor position by processing the information received from the encoders and information known about the original position of the cursor as provided by the host computer over the serial channel 540. The driver communicates the information related to cursor position to and from the host computer which effects actual positioning of the cursor. In the present embodiment, the driver 554 is generic to the user interface device 500 and is modified slightly from a mouse or trackball I/O device driver as known in the art, in that the driver 554, through an interface to the torque profile information 552 and application software 550 coordinates the downloading of appropriate torque profile information to the microprocessor based on indications from the application 550 as to the appropriate torque profile.
Based on the application being run on the host 528, the driver 554 running on the host communicates relevant torque profile information to the microprocessor 538. The driver also communicates information to the microprocessor regarding the present position of the cursor on the display screen of the host 528. In response to the coordinate information of the cursor on the display screen, the microprocessor 538 generates digital information corresponding to the appropriate torque relative to the position of the cursor on the screen, in accordance with the relevant torque-position profile for that screen display. The D/A 544 for each axis receives the digital torque information and produces the appropriate analog signal to the power driver(s) 546 which generate a current to apply the positive or negative torque to the motors resulting in the applicable tactile responsiveness of the ball 504.
When the trackball or mouse is moved to effect a movement of the cursor on the display screen 530, each encoder 536 sends position information to the microprocessor 538. Position information in this illustrative embodiment includes an indication of the direction and number of steps the encoder is changed in response to actuation of the associated wheel set in contact with the manually manipulated ball 504. The microprocessor 538 receives the magnitude and direction information and tracks the position in the spatial array of relevant torque profile information to determine the appropriate torque corresponding to the position information received. The microprocessor 538 communicates the position information to the user interface device driver which effects a change in the position of the cursor by communicating with the computer as is appreciated by those of skill in the art. The microprocessor 538 also conveys torque information to the servo motors, via the D/As and power drivers as described, to effect appropriate tactile responsiveness based on cursor position within the screen display of the particular application and torque-position information.
The torque-position information stored and made accessible to the microprocessor for implementing tactile responsiveness of the user interface device according to the invention can be used to implement various tactile responses as a function of position of the cursor on the screen display. Boundaries for cursor containment and restricted display areas can be implemented by effecting stops using maximized motor torque. Among other responsiveness, tactile "hills" and "troughs" can be implemented to define tactile contours of a graphical user interface such as illustrated in
The command options banner is a button bar on which a cursor is positioned by a user using a user interface device to point and click to effect certain functionality. The various commands, i.e. "File," Options," "Window," "Help" can be delineated by tactile boundaries according to the invention, so that the proper positioning of the cursor within an appropriate area to click and invoke the command can be easily done and can be tactilely perceptible. With or without fine motor skills or vision, the user actuates the user interface device according to the invention and feels the position of the cursor on the screen display. Tactile boundaries are programmed, as discussed hereinbefore and as illustrated in
Moving the cursor vertically on the screen toward the button bar the user will perceive neutral or no resistance in the unrestricted area 560. A sharp increase in torque will be felt as the lower boundary 562 of the button bar is encountered. When the cursor is actuated to a position between the lower boundary and an upper boundary, i.e. in a trough 564, no resistance is perceived. As the upper boundary 566 is approached the torque increases and as the absolute boundary of the screen is encountered increased torque effects a perceptible stop 568. It should be noted that positive and negative torques can be generated according to the invention so that the user interface device includes a tendency to urge the cursor into a position centered within the boundaries.
Likewise, when the user interface device is actuated to move the cursor horizontally along the button bar, as illustrated in
It should be appreciated that in addition to boundaries formed by hills and troughs and walls, the tactile responsiveness of the user interface device according to the invention can be used to implement "texturing" that is tactilely perceptible. Slight increases in torque can be programmed at selected distances with lesser torque therebetween such that a feeling of bumpiness can be implemented as the cursor is actuated across a screen display. Elasticity, in the form of increasing torque to a point of reverse torque, can be implemented to simulate perceived stretching or resiliency. Furthermore, given the active nature of the torque assistance capability of the motor(s) in the user interface device according to the invention, motion assistance can be effected to make the device roll off of a bump or hill without manual assistance (such an application is especially useful where a user may not have fine motor skills).
The EEPROM resident tables or arrays of torque profile information will not change until a new set of profiles is programmed, i.e down loaded, into the microprocessor accessible memory. Thus, when the system is powered down and subsequently powered up, the previously selected torque profile is resident and available as a default mode for the respective actuators, unless a particular default state is desired and provided.
Although the invention is described hereinbefore with a singular screen display, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the torque position information can be structured in a manner such that screens can be nested, and their corresponding profiles nested so that invoking a new screen from a present screen invokes a corresponding new set of torque position information.
It should be appreciated that although tables or arrays of torque profile information are discussed in the illustrative embodiment herein for relating cursor screen position with tactile responsiveness of the user interface device, torque values may be calculated "on the fly" for particular screen displays rather than storing values associated with particular positions. Additionally, rather than having the user interface device providing information regarding position and changes thereof, torque values may be associated with particular cursor locations on a particular screen display such that the screen generates the position information which is processed according to the invention to provide resultant tactile responsiveness.
In the embodiment where a slave motor is connected in series, the slave motor will see the same current as the motor with which it is connected in series. In such a master/slave motor pair, the motors should be virtually identical motors to effect smoothness of rotation of the ball or tracking element. However, in order to minimize cost of a system according to the invention, it will be appreciated that it may be preferable to exclude the slave motor in favor of a passive bearing.
The description of the invention hereinbefore relates to a trackball, but it will be appreciated that tactile responsiveness according to the invention can be implemented in various other user interface devices, including a mouse, joysticks and other devices requiring actuation and benefitting from the tactile responsiveness as a function of position. Further, while "a cursor" is manipulated in the embodiment described herein, that term is used generically to describe something manipulated in a user interface of an electronic device, and it should be appreciated that any of various symbols and interface or display resident entities can be manipulated with tactile responsiveness, such as cursors, icons, windows, menus, or the like.
While various embodiments of the invention illustrated herein describe a main CPU to execute an application program requiring and defining torque profiles for an actuator, and a separate 6809 microprocessor implementing firmware specifying torque-position relationships, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that torque-position relationships can be implemented in the application CPU without the microprocessor or via numerous other microcontrollers. Further, while it is described that the torque profiles are in EEPROM accessible to the microprocessor it will be appreciated that the torque profiles can be stored in microprocessor resident or other storage means, such as ROM, RAM, PALs and the like, and accessed accordingly to implement the desired tactile responsiveness in an actuator.
Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to exemplary embodiments thereof, various other changes, additions and omissions in the form and detail thereof may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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Q:I really liked this eye cream, but it does not seem to be thick enough to keep my eye area hydrated (i.e. keep my eyelids from peeling and under eyes from cracking). I already know this is the only eye cream Lush has at the moment, but is there any other Lush product, a little thicker, which I could safely use on my eye area to keep it hydrated.Asked on 7/30/2012 by Ashley Oakley from The South
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A:Sadly, the only product that we're able to recommend for use around the eye is Enchanted Eye Cream. If you require to address more specific needs, it may be a good idea to consult your dermatologist.Answered on 10/30/2012 by Brandy from LUSH
Q:first let me say I LOVE LUSH products!!!! i have been using several of your products for about a month now and i love the way they make my skin feel and how my complexion has changed! u rock :) okay my questions is concerning your enchanted eye cream. i wanted to know will this product help get rid of dark circles under my eyes?Asked on 2/28/2012 by Anonymous
3 answers
A:The darkness seen in under eye circles is usually the bluish tone of the veins under the fine skin of the eye area, or if the skin is darker, they can also be from the pigmentation of melanin in the under eye area. Eye creams are not able to make the bluish veins invisible, nor are they able to remove or lighten the skin's pigment, but if there is puffiness or bags under the eyes, they can be helpful to calm and soothe the area. Since Enchanted Eye Cream is very lightweight, it is ideal for easy absorption in the fine pores of around the eyes, keeping the skin soft and smooth.Answered on 3/2/2012 by Megan from LUSH
A:According to derms nothing gets rid of those =( but using concealer and getting enough water and rest really helps!Answered on 4/24/2012 by Susie from Ohio
A:Yes! It helps significantly!Answered on 4/28/2012 by Aubrey from Denver, CO

subset: commoncrawl


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Sleep 'n Shade is perfect when baby needs to nap on-the-go. Solar mesh UPF 50+ fabric blocks sun and glare providing perfect sleeping conditions, all while keeping insects away. The breathable mesh weave means that baby stays cool and comfortable. Elastic sides keep it securely attached. Generously sized to fit infant carriers and strollers with a canopy. Machine washable.
Product Dimensions: 28" W x 25" D (71.12 x 63.5 cm)


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Company matriarch shares inspiration for small business ownersWritten by Bailey G. Dick | | email@example.com
When imagining who the owner of a manufacturing firm and a golf course might be, many people would picture a male.
But at an event hosted by the University of Toledo's Center for Family & Privately-Held Business, speaker Kathy Dul Aznavorian told the story of the woman who owned those companies: her mother.
Aznavorian, who now owns both Clips and Clamps Industries and Fox Hills Golf and Banquet Center, both near Detroit, spoke at a luncheon entitled "From Head of the Family to Head of the Firm: The Changing Role of Women in Family Business."
While Aznavorian is currently the matriarch running the family businesses, she focused on her mother, Estelle Dul. Dul left high school after the 11th grade, and got her first job as a receptionist at the age of 17.
"Mom eventually took over the duties of the five other girls in the office," Aznavorian said.
Dul became a partner in a few manufacturing companies with the help of a loan from her father, and purchased her first company prior to marrying her husband – no small feat for a woman in 1945. Nine years later, Clips and Clamps was formed.
Aznavorian showed one picture of the company's employees from its early days. Nestled in a crowd of men was Dul, who stood out not only because of her large white hat, but because she was the only woman in the photo.
Clips and Clamps had a successful run for many years, but Aznavorian said retirement wouldn't have suited her parents well. So, they made their next business move.
"At 50 year old, when many people are considering retiring, they bought a golf course," Aznavorian said. "This was a pretty adventurous move for them. After all, what did they know about golf courses?"
Aznavorian said that as her parents learned the ins and outs of the golf business, she did as well, as she spent her summers working in the family business. After a brief stint in accounting, Aznavorian and her sister, Sandy Mily, took over the business as their parents aged. Eventually, Kathy's husband Mike left his job at Ford to work in the company, and children Jennifer and Jeffrey soon joined in as well.
"It's fun to be in the family business," Aznavorian said. "You know them very well. You know they have your best interests at heart. You know you don't have to question their loyalty."
She also pointed to some of the perks of being a woman working in a family business, as opposed to a corporation. She said things like making your own schedule and being together at work (even on holidays) made some of her responsibilities as a mom easier to handle.
However, Aznavorian said the family faced its share of challenges. She said that some of those challenges, especially those that may be faced by women in small or family-owned businesses, were not as daunting for her, thanks to her family.
"There were no boys in the family, and your parents were great role models. We just followed their path. And as two women, we just had a chance to prove ourselves," Aznavorian said.
Currently, Aznavorian and her family are preparing to transition the leadership of the company from one generation to the next. Karen Cady and Dawn Jinsky, both with Plante Moran, an accounting and business advisory firm, are helping Aznavorian with her family's transition. The pair helped facilitate a question and answer session during the Sept. 17 luncheon.
In response to a question about her and her mother's experiences as a woman leading a company, Aznavorian called her mother "a trailblazer."
"In a lot of ways, my sister and I are trailblazers in our generation," Aznavorian said. "But if you knew mom, you would never know that she was running a company. She was a very humble woman, leading from behind. She never needed the spotlight."
Other attendees had questions for the family's younger members. One asked if they felt pressured to join the family business. Both had experience working outside of the family business before becoming involved — something their parents insisted upon.
"There was no convincing. There was no pressure," Jeffrey said. "For myself, I fell into it by taking a position in human resources."
"It was in my blood. I was running around at the age of 5 harassing the waitresses at Fox Hills. I started bussing tables at the age of 10," Jennifer said. "I tried to fight it a little bit, but every summer I was at the golf course and every weekend I was rushing home to work. I eventually said to myself, 'What are you fighting it for?'"
And as younger members of the family prepare to take on bigger roles, Aznavorian is taking on the challenges presented by transition. But she says she has one advantage many other retiring company owners don't: being a woman.
"Women tend to be more collaborative. We're more consensus builders," Aznavorian said.
Tags: Center for Family & Privately-Held Business, Clips and Clamps Industries, Dawn Jinsky, Estelle Dul, Family Business, Fox Hills Golf and Banquet Center, From Head of the Family to Head of the Firm: The Changing Role of Women in Family Busines, Golf, Karen Cady, Kathy Dul Aznavorian, Plante Moran, Sandy Mily, Small business, University of Toledo, Women in Business


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According to OB.
According to OB.
Solid player. Very productive.
Well, you need some guys who will be willing special teams players. Glue guys. That kind of thing. Here's to a kick-ass career stuffing kick returners inside the 15.
How did you get the beans above the frank?
The next Blake Gideon?
Obviously wanted to fill up the Hispanic quota quickly. Got to market that angle on BevoTV.
Anybody on here actually seen him play? Not much video out there.
I'm trying to think of difference maker white linebackers in the Mack Brown era, but can't think of anyone.
Welcome! watched one of the play off games...dude was all over the field.
mack speak: ' i wish i had roster full of (insert name)'
Kid doesn't look white to me.
The racism is full blown, already.
Denton Ryan represent. Mack's 3rd.
Tipsy Gypsy at Recruitocosm calls him a "Mack Brown comfort offer" and then tries to make that sound like a good thing. The more things change, the more they stay the same.
LB with a name of De La Torre?
$#@! it. I'm rooting for him now. You know, when Hicks or Edwards is getting a rest.
You know he is going to be in Mario Edwards' ear for the next 12 months.
One outlier that may be in play is Mario Edwards and how the De La Torre commitment might affect his decision. If you look at this logically, I would say not at all. Edwards has known for a long time in all likelihood that DLT was going to be an offer and commit and yet our status still slipped even before Muschamp left. On the flipside, if DLT was key to Edwards' commitment, Jimbo Fisher would be interested in DLT too.
I listened to a handful of Ryan HS games during this season. If Mario Edwards name wasn't being called, it was De La Torre's.
The guy is at 220lbs and he's the son of not only football factory's head coach, but he's the son of a former NFL player. He's got good instincts and solid athletic ability. The team needs LBs and he'll be a decent 4th or 5th guy in the rotation as a Junior or Senior.
He had offers from over 20 schools including a number of them in the SEC. They didn't want to do any hype and they're not going to waffle. He's not Taylor Doyle or Blake Gideon. Probably not Jaxson Shipley either though. I'll take it and I'd be violent otherwise.
We could have gotten him 8 months from now. That's my problem with him. I'm going to laugh hysterically with a knife on my wrists if somehow this pans out to not being able to give a scholly to someone like Nance because were "full up at LB."
4th or 5th option as a Junior or Senior seems like a stretch for an early offer.
Why aren't any of these 20 offers on his Rivals page? Does 247 have an offer list for him?
Well, within hours of DLT committing Mario Edwards shows up in Austin.
I already like where this is heading.
I don't understand how everyone has made up their mind about this guy so quickly. Is there some video out there that I can't find?
I'm half joking, half serious. Not being black ought not to be an indictment of his ability to be a productive college LB.
I don't think De La Torre is a white surname.
Well, FWIW Gerry Hamilton says Muschamp really liked him. Then again, Muschamp liked Nwokawakapara.
If we're playing on old school astroturf or other low friction surfaces, then I bet Randy is actually faster in his wheelchair than Scott Derry or Eric Hall.
Please stop quoting Slick16 so I don't have to read his never-ending anti-Mack agenda. His dumb ass is one of the select few on my ignore list.
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Wednesday, August 28, 2013
'Queen for a Year' held at Moncks Corner Baptist
The Antioch Baptist Association Women's Auxiliary conducted its annual Queen for a Year program, Aug. 17 at the Moncks Corner Baptist Church, with the Rev. Dr. Leon G. Brown as host pastor.
The following individuals served as contestants: Sister Lorraine Dingle, St. Stephen Baptist Church; Sister Mae Brown, Moncks Corner Baptist Church; Sister Tyra Braddom, New Providence; Sister Selina Milford, Jehovah Baptist Church; Sister Lajae A. Reed, Day Dawn Baptist Church; Sister Carletha Kelly, Bethlehem Baptist Church; and Sister Diane Brown, Greenland Baptist Church.
Serving as Association Queen for the 2013 – 2014 term is Sister Lorraine Dingle; First Runner-Up is Sister Mae Brown; and Second Runner- Up is Sister LeJai Reed.
Congratulations to all contestants, and to the winning churches and church representatives.
The Queen candidates for the program were presented to the audience by Sister Geraldean Smith, beginning with 2012 – 2013 Queen Sister Alexis Booker, who took her final walk as Queen.
Sister Florine Perry began her role as Mistress of Ceremony by calling forth Evangelist Sarah Milligan to bring greetings on behalf of the Moncks Corner Baptist Church Family and the Antioch Associations' Women's Auxiliary.
Sister Beverly Brown, favored the congregation with a beautiful poem, entitled "When I Kneel," which was followed by an offering and introduction of the speaker.
The speaker for the occasion, Sister Betty Chavis Francis Jones, electrified the sanctuary attendees with her words and spirited presentation. Sister Jones used as her topic the theme "It's Time to Praise the Lord." It was a moving and personal message that touched the heart of all present, and moved many to their feet.
Her remarks were followed by a selection performed by the Moncks Corner Baptist Church Combined Choir.
Closing remarks were made by Sister Ann Patterson, Queen's Contest Coordinator, Sister Eartha M. Dingle, Vice President of the Antioch Baptist Association's Women's Auxiliary, and the Rev. Dr. Brown.
Adopt –a-Highway Program
The family of the late Bradley S. Blake of St. Stephen adopted several highways in his memory earlier this summer.
Volunteers, including family members and environmentally-conscious friends, adopted three highways in Berkeley County.
The highways are Greentown Road in Alvin; Mendel Rivers Road in St. Stephen; and Highway 52, starting at Good Sheppard R. E. Church in the Forty-One Section of St. Stephen.
Bradley, a son of Louis and Sylvia Blake and the brother of Louis "Shea" Blake, and Tonya Blake, died on Dec. 27, 2012.
The family thanks everyone for their generosity, support and prayers as they pick up the mantle of service in his honor and memory.
They are also asking volunteers to assist them with their upcoming litter pickups on Sept. 14 and Dec .7. Contact Louis and Sylvia Blake at (843) 567-6964. Safety materials will be available to participants along with lots of refreshments.
We send expressions of sympathy to the family of the late Lavern Williams of Pineville, who went home to our Lord and Savior on Aug. 19, 2013.
Keeping in Prayer
Viola Middleton, Ruth Williams, Emily Jones, Vanilla Thompson, Lucille Edwards, Ernestine G. Williams, Ernestine M. Williams, Gracie Williams, Annie Wiggins, Lamont Halback, Louise King, Loretta White, Annie Graves, Deloris Montgomery, Dr. Hattie Martin, Noel Smalls, Margie Prioleau, Dorothy Williams, Rufus Smalls, Cousin Alice, Julia Jenkins, Victoria Middleton, Naomi Fashion, Monica Booker, Betty Ravenell, Barbara Manigault, Hazel Crawford, Rufus Smalls, Dorothy Williams, Elder Jeremiah Washington, Annie L. Crawford, Patricia Casey, Mable Dingle, George Casey Jr., and all others that are under the weather, shut-in, hospitalized or in need of our care and attention.
Items of Interest
Send items of interest to Yvonne J. Barnes, 1458 Colonel Maham Dr., Pineville, SC 29468. Call (843) 567-4182 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Published on Wednesday, September 14 2011 14:36
By Steve Wratten
I am writing to respond to several topics in the article by Kayann Short (Lyons Recorder, Sept. 1) about her concerns over genetically-modified (GM) crops. To avoid misunderstanding, GM crops have had a gene inserted into their chromosomes to confer a new desirable trait. Ms. Short's article consisted mainly of her opinions, which frankly do not agree with those of U.S. Federal regulatory agencies (EPA, USDA, FDA), nor those of states and many foreign
Login to read more: The Other Side of the GMO Issue
Published on Thursday, March 10 2011 00:00
You wouldn't believe what we heard buzzing about around PlanBoulder's year end Celebration event at the Boulderado Hotel! There was a greek style dinner buffet, swanky drinks (yumm) with featured keynote speaker, Van Jones, " Does dense make sense?," author of "The Green-Collar Economy: How One Solution Can Fix Our Two Biggest Problems."
Login to read more: Van Jones Dey-Notes are Heard
Published on Thursday, February 03 2011 00:00
In the interest of full disclosure, the author of this article is the domestic partner of Read Spear, owner of The Bud Depot and Lyons Indoor Gardening.
It doesn't surprise me that Mickey Lohr claims that marijuana is a dangerous, mind-altering drug. It does surprise me that he expects reasonable people to believe him.
Login to read more: Fact or Fiction? A Closer Look at Medical Marijuana
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Published on Thursday, February 03 2011 00:00
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Published on Thursday, January 20 2011 00:00
Login to read more: Marijuana... The Rest Of The Story


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19 November, 2013 | (01 hr)
Sign In to access this Webcast
In this webcast, Hans Decker shares several decades of experience as a CEO of a major division of one of the largest global conglomerates in the world. He discusses the theory and the practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and how to develop and implement risk and reputation management strategies. In this wide-ranging conversation about the role of CSR and risk and reputation management within the context of global business, viewers will gain the perspective of someone who has been doing this kind of work for decades and has strong ideas about where these trends might be heading.
Hans W. Decker
Hans W. Decker is the retired Vice Chair (1991–1993) and President and CEO (1971–1990) of the Siemens Corporation USA, based in New York. Prior to that, he served at Siemens Corporation's Central Finance Division, Munich (1970) and at the Legal Department (1958–1969). ??He...Full Bio
Andrea Bonime-Blanc, JD, PhD
Dr. Bonime-Blanc is CEO and founder of GEC Risk Advisory LLC, a global governance, risk, ethics, compliance and corporate responsibility management consulting and board advisory firm (www.GECRisk.com). Client assignments include strategic governance, risk and reputation management and restructuri...Full Bio


text: When I was a pre-teen I had, mostly thanks to Mr. King, already decided I was going to be a writer. I began "cutting my teeth" by imitating Mr. King. Oddly, the most influential book I read at the time was "Christine." This was the first book to demonstrate how different techniques could be used within the same book to tell a story. Recall that the point of view shifts from first person to third person and back to first person. When I was 13 I wrote a story called "The Mailbox" about a, well, mailbox, that was abused by some people for no reason. The mailbox then wrote letters to its owner explaining how to "correct" the abusers. The adults I showed the story to were very encouraging and now, twenty-four years later, I am a writer because of it.


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Mercy opens emergency medical center in PerrysburgWritten by Holly Tuey | | firstname.lastname@example.com
There's a new option in town for those seeking medical services. Mercy has opened a freestanding emergency medical center in Perrysburg, the first of its kind in the region.
Mercy Medical Center – Perrysburg (MMCP) was built with the goal of bringing quality testing and patient care to northern Wood County. It's not a full hospital, but the 17,600-square-foot facility is a full-service ER that can treat patients for a full spectrum of medical problems.
"Our design and focus of the building is to place the patient first," said Medical Director Dr. Chris Goliver.
The building was designed with patient comfort in mind, Goliver said. Painted in warm colors, the lobby features a fireplace and artwork on the walls. Some of the art was created by Perrysburg students to emphasize the connection between the facility and the community.
This dedication to patients continues to the 12 rooms. Each room has a decorating scheme, including two specifically designed for children. Goliver said patients are admitted to the room that the staff thinks might best suit them.
Where the facility is really unique is its MRI Caring Suite and Mammography Sensory Suite, Goliver said. MMCP is the only facility in Ohio with these suites, and the first in the country with this kind of mammography suite.
"A lot of women are scared of [getting] mammograms," said Kathy Valtin, marketing manager for Mercy. "It's all about relieving stress so that's not a barrier for having the test."
In the mammography suite, the lighting can be adjusted, patients can wear aromatherapy bracelets and play custom, relaxing sounds, all in an attempt to distract them from the testing.
For similar reasons, the MRI Caring Suite is set up with LED screens that can transform the room into an environment that the patient may find relaxing.
"I've never seen this technology before," Goliver said.
But patients at MMCP don't have to drain their bank accounts for these high-tech perks. Valtin said Mercy absorbs the added costs of the suites for the benefit of the patients.
Goliver said because they are not attached to an entire hospital, they are able to "deliver these services at a substantially lower investment cost."
Another perk of not being attached to a hospital is that turnaround times for diagnostic test results and labwork are usually faster than at a larger facility, Valtin said.
There are eight physicians at MMCP, all board-certified in emergency medicine. The nursing staff has the same qualifications as those at any other emergency room. Goliver said there are about 300 similar free-standing emergency facilities across the country.
If a patient needs to be admitted to a hospital after coming to MMCP, the staff will work with the patient to make that happen. As part of the Mercy system, MMCP has access to all Mercy's primary care physicians and specialists for patient referrals.
Goliver and others at Mercy are proud of the new facility, which cost $13.6 million to build.
"Everybody that works here is thrilled to be here," Goliver said.
Patients and family members are also pleased with the center.
"From the time we walked in yesterday, it was wonderful," said Rev. Sherry Schermbeck, whose husband was in the MRI Caring Suite. "The people are so friendly, everyone is so nice. It has been a joy."
Tags: LED screens, Mammography Sensory Suite, Medical Director Dr. Chris Goliver, Mercy Medical Center – Perrysburg (MMCP), MRI Caring Suite, Perrysburg, Rev. Sherry Schermbeck


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Ways to get involved in promoting the Victorious Gospel
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Nathan.......You should enjoy this comment about singing. Years ago, I asked the Lord what the "new song" was we were going to sing. He said, "To sing means to RAISE the voice", ie. resurrected out of speaking out of that which is corruptible, and into that which is of the NEW creation. Blessings...
While I generally agree Nathan, I try it out in other ways too, always seeking to have an open ear. One thing I figured out a few years ago was if there would come to be 144,000 people walking on the earth as Jesus walked, functioning in an hundredfold anointing...consider them evenly distributed over the whole earth according to population numbers in various countries. That would put something like 12,000 of them in the USA. Should that ever occur, things would never be the same again. Somehow we are looking for something like that to happen, the manifestation of the sons of God, sons being huis, mature inheritors standing in the full right of the family name "Jesus," the name to which all is subject.
I think the book of Revelation is both Spiritual and Literal. It depends on what part of it you are reading.
It's sad to see a conversation about something that's intended to bring light and freedom, instead bring dissention and condemnation. If I am at fault for this . . .I apologize.
Is it correct that there will be 144.000 witnesses send out in 72.000 pairs of 2 witnesses to 72 (Biblical) nations?
It baffles me that you openly claim your status as athieist and yet your the one that goes on the attack against someone who openly claims not just belief, but intimacy with the very thing you claim you don't believe in.


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Hilbert Held Scoreless In AMCC Game
- Release Date:
- September 25, 2012
- Contact:
- The Office of Sports Information
- (716) 649-7900 ext. 333
HAMBURG, NY – The Hilbert College women's soccer team fell 5-0 to cross-town rival Medaille College September 25 dropping their first Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference game. Candis Kapuscinski's four assists contributed to the Mavericks scoring success against the Hawks.
Hilbert's Nicole Blair switched to center mid today and led the Hawks' attack. Her three shots on goal and consistent play defensively gave the host team some life on the field. Mary Mabon earned the other Hilbert shot on goal. Erin Smith (1 save) took the loss in the goal and Ariana Scheidt {in photo to right} backed her up with two saves.
Medaille (4-5, 2-0) controlled the pace of the game, outshooting Hilbert 18-6. The Mavericks did not have any multiple goal scorers, but Kapuscinski contributed to the game's first four scores. In the 60th minute, Katie Botsford placed an unassisted ball in the upper ninety which finished the scoring for the day.
Hilbert (2-6-1, 0-1-1) hits the road again this weekend for their third AMCC contest when they face Pitt-Greensburg September 29.
Hilbert College, located in suburban Hamburg, N.Y., south of Buffalo, is a private four-year college founded in 1957 in the Catholic Franciscan tradition. With nearly 1,100 students, Hilbert is a dynamic Western New York college that offers career-focused majors, including one of the top criminal justice programs in the region, and more than 50 minors and concentrations. The college's engaging, student-centered campus community offers numerous leadership, internship, and service learning opportunities from which students launch successful careers while making positive changes in their communities. The Hilbert Blueprint promotes a well-rounded student experience over four years – starting with the Foundations Seminar in the freshman year, followed by Sophomore Service, Junior Symposium, and culminating with the Senior Capstone. Hilbert has expanded its academic offerings with the college's first graduate programs and new Accelerated Degree Programs geared to adult learners.
Upcoming Events
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 14, 2015
- Summer Session A2 Ends
- Aug 21, 2015
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 28, 2015


text:
Broadcom offering D3 chip with 5G Wi-Fi
Broadcom has introduced a chip for DOCSIS 3.0 gateways that offer 1 Gbps Wi-Fi.
The company has integrated a DOCSIS 3.0 modem with a new version of Wi-Fi that is expected to be ratified by the end of this year or early next year.
The introduction is interesting in that it supports two related goals of the cable industry: It will help expand the capabilities of in-home networks, and it will help with the industry's strategy to provide public wireless coverage using Wi-Fi.
IEEE 802.11ac operates in the 5 GHz band and is designed to be capable of throughputs up to 1 Gbps. Broadcom and others are referring to the technology as 5G (or fifth-generation) wireless.
The BCM3383 DOCSIS 3.0 cable gateway platform coupled with the company's BCM4360 5G Wi-Fi delivers DOCSIS 3.0-based 16 x 4 speeds over wireless throughout the entire home.
This version also relies on beamforming to improve wireless coverage, ideally eliminating dead spots in subscribers' homes.
Although the 802.11ac standard operates in the 5 GHz band, the chip supports simultaneous 2.4 GHz and 5G Wi-Fi WLAN support for backwards compatibility.
The Broadcom chip also features full-band capture digital tuning; it samples and digitizes the entire 1 GHz downstream spectrum of a cable plant, providing access to any channel anywhere.
Broadcom has reference platforms for gateways, and a suite of 5G Wi-Fi client reference platforms are available today.


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This stylish contemporary double dresser with the clean lines and subtle curves of Munire's Urban Collection of children's bedroom furniture includes 6 large drawers and plenty of storage space. It's also the perfect height to use as a changing table. Top it off with Munire's matching hutch for even more storage and display space.
Dimensions: 56"w x 20"d x 34"hShipping Note: This item ships directly from the manufacturer within contiguous United States only. Cannot be shipped to AK/HI, PO boxes, US territories, or APO/FPO addresses.


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Travis Bluemling
Pittsburgh, Pa.
High School:
Mount Lebanon Senior HS
Travis Bluemling appeared in 27 matches and 70 games as a junior ... led the Matadors with 803 assists (11.47 per game) while Northridge hit an impressive .293 as a team ... ranked ninth in the MPSF in assists per game at 11.72 ... currently ranks fifth on the career Cal State Northridge assists list with 2,449 in three seasons ... is 1,081 assists out of fourth place ... also ranked third on the Matadors in total blocks with 52 ... posted a Northridge season-high 62 assists on two occasions; vs. No. 4 Pepperdine (Jan. 31) and at No. 11 Loyola-Chicago (Feb. 9) ... had a season-high seven blocks (two solo) in Northridge's five-set win over No. 13 Long Beach State (Feb. 15) ... recorded 51 assists, three kills, three digs and two blocks in a 3-1 win at Stanford (Jan. 12) ... was one of six Matadors named to the 2007 MPSF Academic All-Conference Team.
Bluemling was the only Northridge player to appear in all 29 matches and 111 games ... led the Matadors and finished fifth in the nation averaging 13.41 assists per game (1,488 assists in 111 games) ... ranked seventh in the MPSF averaging 13.14 apg ... his total ranks eighth on the all-time Northridge single-season assists list ... also finished second on the Matadors in digs (186), third in blocks (76) and fourth in service aces (18) ... led the Northridge hitters to a .304 hitting percentage, the best by a Northridge team since 2003 ... recorded a season-best 70 assists to go with four digs and seven blocks at No. 2 Pepperdine (Feb. 18) ... posted his first collegiate double-double with 62 assists and 11 digs in the Matadors' 3-2 win at No. 15 IPFW (Jan. 20) ... posted 41 assists, four aces and nine digs in a 3-0 win over UC Santa Barbara (Jan. 7) ... was one of eight Northridge players named MPSF Academic All-Conference.
Appeared in 25 matches and 66 games as a redshirt freshman ... finished second on the team in assists with 158 ... also served up five aces and had 25 digs and eight blocks ... had a season-high 37 assists on two different occasions, vs. Hope International (Feb. 9) and at UC San Diego (Feb. 18) ... also recorded a season-high six digs to go with a pair of aces in the match against Hope ... served two aces in the MPSF Tournament Play-In match against Stanford (Apr. 20) ... recorded a season-high two block assists at No. 2 Pepperdine (Feb. 23) ... was one of seven Northridge players named MPSF Academic All-Conference.
Redshirted as a true freshman for the Matadors.
Lettered in both volleyball and basketball at Mount Lebanon Senior High School in Pittsburgh, Pa. ... spent his first two seasons as a setter/right side hitter, but was strictly a setter his final two seasons ... earned first team All-State honors in 2002 and was also named first team All-WPIAL ... was named WPIAL Most Valuable Player and earned second team All-State accolades in 2001 ... the Blue Devils won a league title in 2001 ... also played four seasons of basketball, earning three letters at the forward position ... graduated in 2003 with a 3.6 grade point average.
Born June 9, 1984 in Pittsburgh, Pa. ... parents are Cathy and Tom Bluemling ... has two older brothers, Tyler and Cory and an older sister, Katie ... Tyler plays basketball at Duquesne, Katie played volleyball for the U.S. Naval Academy and Cory also attends Northridge and is the internet radio voice of Matador men's volleyball ... favorites include the Pittsburgh Steelers, former NBA star Michael Jordan, "Friends" and "Dumb and Dumber" ... says the toughest thing about being an athlete is time management ... major is Kinesiology.


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I think Overeem has been a bit too over confident in his striking and allowed himself to get lazy and get caught. Going to Thailand and training against real killers, may sharpen his edge. I see Frank crumpling against the cage from knees....I'd love to see him rematch Browne or Bigfoot after that. Maybe a fight against Mark Hunt? Holy Shitsnacks!
Scarface: Fuck you, fuck you, fuck you, you're cool, and fuck you, I'm out!
"I don't call the fighting in my films 'violent', I call it 'action'. An action film borders between fantasy and reality. If I were to be completely realistic in my films, you would call me a violent, bloody man. I would simply destroy my opponent by tearing his guts out. I wouldn't do it so artistically." ~Bruce Lee
Sounds like Alistair doesn't think the fight will make it to the ground. Do we know if Mir is still training at Jackson's and is he getting any better... at anything?
Hunt would retire him
I really believe that people like Bill Murray or John Belushi are just as great and just as valid as Robert De Niro or Al Pacino. And I don't think you can say One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) is a better movie than Animal House (1978); they're different genres. I think they're both examples of great craftsmanship.
-Sam Rockwell
The question to me is did AO get any smarter. He's able to beat any body just not smart enough to finish the job in the past.
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1st, you do not need a particularly high BP to have a stroke, while generally a bp of like 140/110 will cause worry about sdtroke, some woman can go to 180/150 and never stroke while some woman can still be in the 130/80's when they do. It can be a very specific thing to you, and the lower your pre pregnancy BP the greater the differnece is to your body (if your normally like 110/60 and know your 130/90 thats a 20-30 point jump which is alot, if your 130/80 a 20-30 point rise would be 150/110!)
2nd, any rise in your BP will mean that either you or the baby is suffering a deterimental environment. Oxygen and blood supply can be limited to the placenta and thus to the baby. This can result in slower growth or growth stopped completely. In my first pregnancy I was diagnosed with PE at 24/25 weeks at which time my baby was estimated to be 2 to 2 1/2 lbs. Over the next 13 weeks, which is the time they gain the most weight, he only gained 3 more lbs. From week 34 to 37 in which babies gain on average 1/2 to 1 lb a week, he gained 1 lb. This was due to the fact that the blood supply getting to him was much lower then it should be. I was on bed rest and while lying down my BP's would clock in at 135/85-140/90 and standing up I was 150/98.
After reading several articles on the research database Lexis-Nexis and Eric, I have come to the conclusion that no long term studies have been done on how medicines affect the baby.
There are almost NO studies done on any medications on how they affect pregnant woman and the babies they carry. Almost everything that has been tested as either been tested on just woman, not pregnnat, or on pregnant test animals, usually rats. The issue that comes down to is that you need to address YOUR medical problems, and while it may run a risk to your child, you have to realize what the risks of not taking the medication maybe to your child as well.
I have heard from a lot of woman that stop taking their allergy medications while pregnant becuase its a type c drug (most meds are b or c drugs). They choose instead to be miserable through their allergy season instead. I've even been chewed out by some woman because I chose to take my medications instead of forgoing them, telling me how bad a mother I was. The difference is that if I don't take my allergy meds, then I have trouble breathing, and if I am not breathing, then neither is my baby. The possible effects of the medication, of which most are fairly rare, must be weighed against the dangers that occur by not treating whats wrong. Things to consider would be IUGR, prematurity, developmental delays, etc.. caused by the problems.
personally, my OB did not believe in giving the BP meds for my situation even when my BP was 150/105 because she felt that all it would do was mask my symptomns and prevent her from getting a true reading, thus limiting her ability to make a sound decision on when the pregnancy should end. She felt that even with the BP meds, what was going on internally to the baby would still be occuring.
You are looking at a fairly constant BP rise of 15-20 points on the top and 10-20 points on the bottom, this is an indication that something may be going on, further with the fact that most BP's drop in the 2nd trimester, you could easily be looking at third trimester readings of 140/90.
4th, I too wanted a natural child birth (almost made it but didn't) the first pregnancy I was on so many drugs it wasn't funny. I had the drugs for the induction, then the mag sulfate (if your BP goes up over whatever level your doc sets you'll get it) and then finally 24 hours into the induction and having hour long contractions ofr 6 hours an epi. My second pregnancy was much easier as my BP could be controlled via positioning and it wasn't until I started having asthma attacks that I got the epi (and he was born 3 hours later). Not to say you can't do a natural child birth, but you also need to be prepared for lots of intervention. Not just medication, but c-section as well as that is very common with PE patients (as the baby typically needs to be delivered NOW and they don't want to risk an induction failing, nor the fact that your BP can rise quickly when under the drugs for the induction and the pain of labor)
My blood work always came back perfectly normal and my urine tests were always in range. I think i tested +1 for protein maybe 2 times through 2 pregnancies, yet while that was good news, it did not mean everything was okay. My oldest son was born at 5lbs 10 oz (5th % in weight) have jaundice, blood sugar problems, etc at birth and now has language delays, which we will never know if it was caused by his rough start. I suffered with PE for 13 weeks and rising BP's since my first OB visit with him. My youngest son was born 4 weeks early, spent 4 days in the special care unti, but got a much easier start in life then my oldest. He has rarely been sick *knocks on wood* versus the 7 months of ear infections my oldest had his first year, he was a 1lb heavier at birth, and while also had some jaundice everything else has checked out.
While I personally don't think that BP meds help much if your suffering from PE (I also feel they mask one of the easiest symptomns and thus hide just how bad it may be getting), I feel that you have to weigh the risks of the medication versus the risks of not taking the medication and this goes for any medication. I am suprised though that your OB went for meds first versus trying bedrest. Though some OB's do not think bedrest works, it did work fairly well for me and since you showed a 10 point drop by lying on your left side, that may indicate that bedrest on your side would help control your BP as well as the medication, the only problems is that you do HAVE to stay down as your BP will rise back up within 1-3 minutes of sitting up and can take up to 15 minutes to drop back down again once you lie down. Also, some woman (like me) get no benefit by lying semi prone or by lying on their back (always had to be on a side, but didn't matter which side) I was able to control my BP through my second labor this way and thus avoid mag completely (I would be 120/70 on my side, 140/90+ on my back, sitting up, or standing)
My doc did weekly blood tests, urine tests, and NSTs which all came back normal. My symptomns ranged from the high BP, headaches, spots, blurry vision, and heart palpultations. Finally, we know it was truely real (and not a figment of my imagination like so many times I was starting to think it was) as I do have a blood clotting disorder which most likely caused my problems.
You will never get concrete data because it simply pretty much doesn't exist. Most woman who get PE delviery within the first 2 weeks. In fact, those that have it for a long time seem to be in the minority. Its also very difficult to seperate out what is causing the problem as it could be this med or that med, it could be the lack of blood, or it could be the age at which the child is born. One thing to also note is that with BP problems you do have a risk of having an abruption. Also, stess is typically not associated with a rise in your bottom number, but rather a rise in your top number. A general rule of thumb is your top number reacts to outside influences (stress, weather etc..) and your bottom number reacts to internal influnces (foods, illness, problems within your body).
Oh on the Low BP's, unless they are dropping like below 100/50 they really shouldn't cause you any problems. The preferred BP is between 110-120/60 so anything in that range is considered ideal. There can be problems with low BP and there are treatments for that, but usually people on BP meds do not hit BP's in an area that would even be considered low BP.
GL with the next few months
Mommy to Alex and Mason


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Inside Scoop On Line With Fresh Info, Pics
Friday, December 27, 2002
With all the hoopla surrounding some of the changes in 2003's Movie Maniacs 6 lineup, we here at spawn.com thought we'd share a bit of the latest information and photos of the line.
We're doing this for you, dearest MM fan, to keep you as far inside the inner circle as we can without actually having to give you a paycheck. (And we really just needed to share these cool photos).
As many of you know, the lineup for Movie Maniacs 6 - set for an April 2003 release - is based entirely on characters from the Alien and Predator film series. There are four standard clamshell-packed figures and a deluxe boxed set.
Here is some new information. Keep in mind, much of this is still in the production stage and may change slightly in its final version.
DOG ALIEN from Alien 3 will feature about 10 points of articulation (plus a bendy tail) and inner jaw play action similar to the Alien figure in the boxed edition of Movie Maniacs 5.
WARRIOR ALIEN from Alien Resurrection will feature about 12 points of articulation plus a bendy tail.
PREDATOR THE HUNTER from Predator 2 will feature more than a dozen points of articulation. This figure is helmetless with an open-mouthed face and has a long weapon with telescoping action. Also has forearm-mounted blade action.
PREDATOR from Predator 2 will have about a dozen points of articulation and a close-mouthed face with removable helmet. It includes a disc weapon, a removable cut-off arm and forearm-mounted blade action.
The deluxe boxed set for MM6 will be the ALIEN QUEEN from Aliens. This figure will have about 10 points of articulation and a bendy tail. The set includes a custom diorama base. The trapped human figure in the base has chest-burster play action.
Hope you enjoy the new details and photography of the upcoming series. Stay tuned to spawn.com for more info as it becomes available.


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Tanji Patton
Tanji Patton is an Emmy award-winning journalist who produces a fun, engaging and informative Web site called Good Taste With Tanji. You can read more about Tanji on her Web site and can follow her on Twitter at twitter.com/TanjiPatton and Facebook.
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