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The number of content addressable memory (CAM) lookups is reduced from two to one. Each side (left and right sides) of a CAM is programmed with network addresses, such as IP addresses, based on certain bits of the network addresses. These bits of the network addresses (which represent packet routes) are examined and used to determine whether the particular network address is to be placed on the left or right sides of the CAM. The grouping of certain network addresses either on the left or right sides of the CAM can be performed by examining an individual bit of each network address, by performing an exclusive OR (XOR) operation on a plurality of bits of each network address, and/or by searching for bit patterns of the network address in a decision table. Network addresses that cannot be readily assigned to a particular side of the CAM using these grouping techniques are programmed into both sides of the CAM. During packet routing, techniques similar to the grouping techniques that populated the CAM are used to determine which of the two sides of the CAM is to be searched.
1. A method comprising:
providing a content addressable memory (CAM) having at least first and second portions;
providing binary first data including a plurality of bits; and
determining whether to program the first data into the first portion or the second portion of the CAM based on at least one bit of the data.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
performing a function with the plurality of bits; and
determining whether to program the first data into the first portion or the second portion of the CAM based upon a result of performing the function.
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. An article of manufacture, comprising:
a machine-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processor to:
determine whether to program binary first data comprising a plurality of bits into a first portion or a second portion of a content addressable memory (CAM) based on at least one bit of the first data.
13. The article of manufacture of
examine a network address associated with a received packet, including a determination of a value related to at least one bit of the network address associated with the packet;
use the determined value to select either the first or the second portions of the CAM to search; and
search the selected portion of the CAM for routing information to be used for forwarding the received packet.
14. The article of manufacture of
instructions to determine whether to program the first data into the first portion or the second portion of the CAM based on a single bit of the first data;
instructions to determine whether to program the first data into the first portion or the second portion of the CAM based on a result obtained from performing a function using the plurality of bits of the first data; and
instructions to determine whether to program the first data into the first portion or the second portion of the CAM using a decision table and the plurality of bits of the first data.
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The article of manufacture of
The present application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/118,697, filed Apr. 28, 2005, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. �119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/623,435, entitled "DOUBLE DENSITY CAM LOOKUP SCHEME WITHOUT ACTUAL HARDWARE CAPABILITY," filed Oct. 29, 2004, assigned to the same assignee as the present application. The entire contents of the 60/623,435 and 11/118,697 applications are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
This disclosure relates generally to a content addressable memory (CAM), and to communication networks. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present disclosure relates to techniques to use an address portion of a packet to program and read a CAM residing in a networking device of a communication network.
In a communication network, data is typically encapsulated and transported within the communication network in units, which in certain contexts may be called frames, packets, Internet Protocol (IP) packets, cells, or the like. Herein, such units will broadly be called "packets" for ease of nomenclature, unless for the sake of example, a particular such unit is appropriate. Each such packet includes a header with a source address and a destination address, and a payload. The destination address may, for example, indicate a network address of a next intermediate "hop" for the packet and/or a network address of the ultimate destination for the packet.
Content addressable memories (CAMs) are used for a variety of functions in many different processing environments. CAMs are typically in the form of hardware that receives a piece of data and that returns a memory address storing information pertaining to that data. One use of CAMs is in the field of packet routing over a communication network.
For instance, CAMs may be used in the following manner by network devices to forward data packets. A typical network device has multiple ports that are connected to one or more other processing systems. The ports each receive packets from and send packets to the processing system(s) connected to the port. A switching fabric in the network device connects the ports of the network device to one another to allow the network device to pass a packet received on a first port to a second port of the network device, which then transmits the packet to the processing system(s) connected to the second port. In order to forward the packet, each port has a CAM that stores the prefixes of IP addresses and/or stores data that indexes or otherwise points to locations of a memory connected to the port. In the latter case, the CAM is used to return an address in the memory that stores next hop information for the IP address. When that next hop address ultimately is obtained, the packet is routed to that hop address via the associated port of the network device.
Typically, hardware within the network device (e.g., logic circuits, FPGAs, ASICS, etc.) is required to do two CAM lookups for every packet to find the route to forward the packet. If, for instance, a CAM with a length of 64 bits or greater is used, the hardware first masks the right 32 bits and finds the best path in the left side of the CAM. Next, the hardware masks the left 32 bits of the CAM and finds the best path in the right side of the CAM. Based on an assigned preference or some other criteria, the hardware will select the best path (e.g., identify a memory location that stores the network address of the next destination for the packet) between the two best paths identified in the searches of the left and right sides of the CAM. For the processes thus described, the hardware has to either be capable of doing parallel lookups on the left and right sides of the CAM or has to be able to do two lookups, while still meeting the timing requirements for forwarding the packet.
The need to perform two CAM lookups adds to the complexity and cost of the required hardware of the network device. Moreover, performing two CAM lookups can also adversely affect timing. The required hardware can be simplified if data is only stored in one side of the CAM, such as if the data occupies only the left (or the right) 32-bits in each 64-bit CAM entry, thereby allowing use of only one mask. However, such a scheme results in waste (non-use) of 50% of the available storage space in the CAM.
An embodiment of the present invention includes a method that associates a network address to either first or second sections of a memory (e.g., a CAM). The association to the first or to the second sections of the memory is based on a value of at least one bit of the network address.
For instance, a packet is received. A network address associated with the packet is examined, including determining a value related to at least one bit of the network address. The determined value of the bit of the network address is used to select either the first or the second sections of the memory to program or to search, depending on the context. In a program operation context, the selected section of the memory is then programmed with the network address. In a search operation context, the selected section of the memory is searched for an associated network address that matches the network address of the packet. The associated next hop information for the network address may be retrieved from the memory, and used in a further operation, such as a packet forwarding operation or a further lookup operation.
Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments are described with reference to the following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various views unless otherwise specified.
Embodiments of techniques to perform CAM lookups for use in connection with packet routing are described herein. In the following description, numerous specific details are given to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
As an introduction, an embodiment reduces the number of CAM lookups from two, as in the background example provided above, to one. To allow this, an embodiment initially populates each side (left and right sides) of a CAM based on a portion of a network address. More specifically according to various embodiments, certain bits of a network address of a packet are examined and used to determine whether the particular network address is to be placed on the left or right sides of the CAM. The determination of whether to program a network address either on the left or right sides of the CAM can be performed according various grouping techniques, including, without limitation, by examining an individual bit of the network address, by performing an exclusive OR (XOR) operation on a plurality of bits of the network address, or by searching for bit patterns of the network address in a decision table. Network addresses that cannot be readily assigned to a particular side of the CAM using these grouping techniques may be programmed into both sides of the CAM.
During a packet routing operation, a destination network address of a packet received by a network device is examined. More particularly, one or more bits of the destination network address of the received packet are examined to determine whether the left or right side of the CAM is to be searched. This determination uses the same criteria as the grouping technique that was used to program the CAM. When the side of the CAM to be searched is identified and selected, that side is searched to locate a network address that matches the destination network address specified in the received packet. The memory location of the matching network address in the CAM may be mapped or otherwise associated to another memory location that contains the network address of the next hop for the packet. That particular memory location is then accessed to obtain the address so that the packet may be routed thereto by the network device.
The communication network 100 includes a plurality of users 102, which can include any sort of suitable user-side client devices. The users 102 are communicatively coupled to a communication network 104, which can comprise the Internet, an intranet, local area network (LAN), virtual private network (VPN), or other network or portion or combination thereof. For purposes of explanation, the communication network 104 will be described in the context of the Internet herein.
Via the communication network 104, the users 102 can communicate with different networks 106. These individual networks 106 can comprise web sites, VPNs, LANs, server clusters, or other types of network arrangements. In an embodiment, each of the networks 106 can be associated with a network address.
Each network 106 comprises one or more routers 112. One or more switches 114 are coupled to the router 112. In an embodiment, a plurality of servers 120 and 122 are coupled to any one of the switches 114. In an embodiment, the routers 112, switches 114, servers 120 and 122, or any other network device also can be associated with a respective network address.
For ease of explanation and without intending to be limiting, examples herein of such network addresses will be described in the context of IP addresses, such as IPv6 addresses, Layer 3 addresses, etc. as some illustrative examples. It is appreciated that other types of network addresses, such as for example network addresses that have a parent-child or other hierarchical relationship, may operate in conjunction with other embodiments. A non-limiting example of a network address model with which an embodiment may operate is the Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) model, which is sometimes referred to as "super-netting."
The CIDR is an IP addressing scheme that replaces an older system that used 32-bit addresses that were in three classes: A, B, and C. Each address in this older system had two parts: one part to identify a unique network and the second part to identify a unique host in that network. Another way the old Class A, B, and C addresses were identified was by looking at the first 8 bits of the address and converting it to its decimal equivalent, as set forth in the table below.
Because Internet addresses were generally only assigned in these three sizes, there were a lot of wasted addresses. The overall result was that, while the Internet was running out of unassigned addresses during its rapid growth in the 1980s and 1990s, only a small percentage of the assigned addresses were actually being used. CIDR was developed to be a much more efficient method of assigning addresses.
A CIDR address includes the standard 32-bit IP address and also information on how many bits are used for a network prefix. For example, in the CIDR address 206.13.01.48/25, the "/25" indicates the first 25 bits are used to identify the unique network leaving the remaining bits to identify the specific host.
The table below shows the association between the prefix number and the number of hosts.
The CIDR addressing scheme also enables "route aggregation" in which a single high-level route entry can represent many lower-level routes in the global routing tables. Currently, big blocks of addresses are assigned to the large Internet Service Providers (ISPs) who then re-allocate portions of their address blocks to their customers. For example, a large ISP may be assigned a CIDR address block with a prefix of /15 (equivalent to 512 Class C addresses or 131,072 host addresses) and, in turn, may assigns its customers CIDR addresses with prefixes ranging from /27 to /19. These customers, who may be smaller ISPs themselves, in turn re-allocate portions of their address block to their users and/or customers. However, in the global routing tables all these different networks and hosts can be represented by a single Internet route entry. In this way, the growth in the number of routing table entries at each level in the network hierarchy has been significantly reduced. Currently, the global routing tables have approximately 135,000-150,000 entries.
Using the super-netting of the CIDR model, the IP address 192.168.2.0/24 and an adjacent IP address 192.168.3.0/24, for example, can be merged into 192.168.2.0/23. The "23" at the end of the address indicates that the first 23 bits are the network part of the address, leaving the remaining nine bits for specific host addresses. The network and hosts form a parent-child relationship in the CIDR model.
In an embodiment, the parent-child relationships associated with super-netting are preserved or otherwise maintained when programming sides of the CAM with IP addresses.
In one example embodiment, the CAM programming and lookup schemes are implemented in hardware (e.g., FPGA or ASIC) of the router 112 (or some other suitable Layer 3 network device). It is appreciated, however, that the CAM programming and lookup schemes of other embodiments may be implemented in other types of network devices (e.g., where it is desirable to minimize the number of memory lookups).
The router 112 receives an incoming packet 201 (such as an IP packet) at an input port or other communication interface 200. Part of the communication interface 200 can comprise a Media Access Control (MAC) interface. The received packet 201 is placed in a buffer 202. Once received from the communication interface 200, a packet lookup handler 204 analyzes the packet 201. The lookup handler 204 can comprise hardware, software, or a combination of both. The lookup handler 204 of an embodiment extracts relevant information from the packet 201 (e.g., the packet's IP destination address) as will be described in greater detail below), and initiates at least one CAM lookup based on the extracted bit(s).
The lookup handler 204 may also start a destination MAC address lookup, source MAC address lookup, ACL lookup, or other lookup. With regards to a CAM lookup, a CAM lookup buffer 206 stores data that will be a basis for the CAM lookup. Examples of such data is a binary value (1 or 0) of a particular bit of the IP destination address, an XOR value of bits of the IP destination address, or other information indicative of which side of a CAM 210 to search (i.e., CAM side selection). A CAM interface 208 applies the appropriate cam side mask for the IP destination address and performs the searching of the selected one of the sides of the CAM 210 to find a CAM index or row that contains information that identifies or is associated with the IP address of the packet 201 (i.e., CAM data lookup).
The CAM 210 of one embodiment has a section or portion where network masks for additional network addresses are stored. A network mask is applied to a destination IP address and then compared with the contents of the CAM 210. This section of the CAM 210 is called a "shadow section," where for every CAM entry, a corresponding network mask is stored. Other forms of mask storage may be used in other embodiments.
The matching result obtained from the searching of the CAM 210 is placed by the CAM interface 208 into a CAM result buffer 212. After the results of the CAM lookup are available in the CAM result buffer 212, a memory interface 214 obtains the next hop information (or other information associated with a subsequent IP address to route the packet 201) from a location in a memory 216 that corresponds to the CAM lookup results. In an embodiment, the memory 216 comprises a partitioned random access memory (e.g., PRAM), though it is appreciated that other types of memories may be used. In one embodiment, there is a one-to-one mapping between CAM and PRAM indexes. One or more CAMs 210 and memories (PRAMs) 216 can be provided for each router 112.
The memory interface 214 places the information obtained from memory 216 into a memory results buffer 218. The contents of the memory results buffer 218 are provided to a packet forwarding component 220, which controls forwarding of the packet 201 from the received packet buffer 202 to an appropriate output port 222, according to the information obtained from the memory 216.
In an embodiment, the router 112 can include one or more processors 224 to control operation of the various components of the router 112. For example, the processor 224 may control the address extraction performed by the lookup handler 204, the CAM lookups performed by the CAM interface 208, and so forth. One or more machine-readable storage media 226 can be accessible to the processor 224. The storage medium 226 can store software or other machine-readable instructions 228 that can be executed by the processor 224. For instance, the machine-readable instructions 228 of an embodiment can include instructions to maintain and operate a software version of a decision table, which will be described in further detail below. The instructions 228 can also include instructions to perform various calculations and operations to determine the proper side of the CAM 210 to search, alternatively or additionally to embodiments that perform such operations using hardware.
At a block 302, left and right sides of the CAM 210 of
At a block 304, a packet 201 is received, such as at the communication interface 200 of
Blocks 310 and 312 respectively depict lookups on the left or right sides of the CAM 210 based on the determination made in the block 308. For instance, if the determination at the block 308 yields a left-side lookup, then the left-most 32 bits of the CAM 210 are searched to locate a particular CAM index (which in one embodiment corresponds to a CAM row) that contains a network address that matches the received packet's network address in some manner, such as an exact match or a match of a child address to a parent address in a super-netting relationship. Meanwhile, the right-most 32-bits of the CAM 210 are masked.
At a block 314, the CAM index is obtained. In one embodiment, the CAM index is the row number of the location in the CAM 210 where the match or best fit to the term being searched (e.g., the packet destination address, which was located during the search in block 310 or 312). At a block 316, the obtained CAM index is used to obtain a memory index (e.g., a PRAM index) of the memory 216. In one example embodiment, there is a one-to-one mapping of CAM indices to PRAM indices.
In a situation where the CAM 210 includes a 64-bit column having an upper 32 bits, which may be termed the "left side" of the CAM 210 to be consistent with the discussion above, and a lower 32 bits, which may be considered the "right side" of the CAM 210 to be consistent with the discussion above, the searching of the CAM 210 will return the same CAM index (same CAM row) whether the "hit" or "match" from the lookups at the blocks 310 and 312 belongs to upper or lower 32-bit entry, an embodiment uses the following example technique in the block 316 to determine which PRAM index corresponds to the particular CAM index:
Such a technique to locate the appropriate PRAM index can be performed using a field programmable gate array (FPGA), which may comprise part of the memory interface 214 of
At a block 318, the specific PRAM index in the memory 216 is accessed to obtain the forwarding information for the received packet (i.e., the forwarding information is resident in the memory 216 at the location corresponding to the index). The forwarding information can include, for example, a next hop IP address to forward the packet.
To further illustrate operation of one or more embodiments in the context of programming and searching the CAM 210, such as in the blocks 302 and 316 of
When a packet is received and its or IP destination address is examined, selection of the particular side of the CAM 210 to be searched (i.e., mask selection) is based on a decision table as programmed by hardware and/or software or based on a special mode such as (28th bit or XOR), all of which will be explained below in further detail. The mask determines which side of the CAM 210 is being searched and is not being searched for this IP address. Based on this mask and extracted IP destination address from the packet, a single lookup (as opposed to two lookups in existing systems) is performed.
According to various example embodiments, mask selection (i.e., whether to search the left or right side of the CAM 210) could be based on a decision table or some special mode, such as: (1) examining the 28th bit of the IP destination address (yields a binary 1 or 0); (2) determining an Exclusive OR (XOR) result of the 26th and 27th bits of the IP destination address (yields a binary 1 or 0); or (3) using a plurality of the most significant bits (MSB) of the IP destination address as an index into a decision table containing binary data (yields a binary 1 or 0); for example, the software can specify to use bits 26, 27, and 28 of the IP address.
Examples of CAM Programming:
The following discussion provides various three specific examples of the manner in which the CAM 210 can be programmed or otherwise have CAM memory locations associated with IP addresses. As a baseline illustration, assume that, in each of the following three examples, five IP destination addresses are to be programmed into the CAM 210. The five IP destination addresses are:
10.0.0.0/8 (10 in binary is: 00001010)
10.10.0.0/16 (10 in binary is: 00001010)
188.8.131.52/16 (20 in binary is: 00010100)
22.214.171.124/8 (16 in binary is: 00010000)
188.8.131.52/24 (28 in binary is: 00011100)
Using the O-based indexing scheme, the first least significant bit (LSB) is indexed as bit 0 and the last MSB is indexed as bit 31st. Therefore, in the example address above for 28 in binary, the 31st through the 24th bits are, respectively, 00011100.
1. Using the 28th Bit of the IP Destination Addresses to Decide which Side of the CAM to Program IP Addresses:
In a first embodiment of a CAM programming scheme, a particular bit, e.g., the 28th bit, of an IP destination address of a packet 201 is examined to determine which of a plurality of sections of the CAM 210 should be programmed with that IP destination address. For example, using the left and right side partitioning terminology that is discussed above, such a programming scheme can determine whether to program the IP destination address in the left side bits or right side bits of the CAM 210. Using this technique, addresses to program into left side of the CAM 210 (since the 28th bit is 0) include:
That is, in this particular embodiment, the 28th bit of the IP destination address is examined to determine whether that bit is a 1 or a 0. A 0 is associated with the left side of the CAM 210, while a 1 is associated with the right side of the CAM 210. According to the information laid out above, both of these IP destination address have a 0 at the 28th bit, and therefore, these addresses are both programmed into the left side of the CAM 210.
It is noted that the first 8 bits (the 31st through the 24th bits) for these two IP destination addresses in the "10" network are the same (i.e., 00001010). It is also noted that the address 10.0.0.0/8 is a super-net route of 10.10.10.0/16.
Since these addresses are programmed on the same side of the CAM 210, an embodiment is able to preserve a parent-child relationship between these IP destination addresses by programming at different CAM levels (rows) with different priority in the left side. In an embodiment, a particular priority is assigned to a matching IP destination address with the larger prefix (e.g., 10.10.0.0/16), as opposed to another matching IP destination address with a smaller prefix (e.g., 10.0.0.0/8) in the parent child relationship.
For example in the super-netting scheme of the Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) model, the address 10.10.0.0/16 belongs to (is a child of) the parent address 10.0.0.0/8. Therefore, if a packet with a destination address 10.20.1.1 is received, this particular address can be matched to and is included in the range of addresses corresponding to the CAM entry 10.0.0.0/8. In comparison, if a packet with a destination address of 10.10.2.1 is received, this particular address is included in the range of addresses of both CAM entries 10.0.0.0/8 and 10.10.0.0/16. An embodiment matches this particular destination address with the CAM entry having the larger prefix (10.10.0.0/16) so as to obtain a closer address match.
Continuing with this example of examining the 28th bit, the IP destination addresses to be programmed into right side of the CAM 210 (since the 28th bit is 1) include:
In the above-described embodiments, the fourth MSB (the 28th bit) was examined to determine whether the particular IP destination address is to be programmed into the left or right side of the CAM 210. The 28th bit was selected since selection of this bit will divide addresses in each class into equal halves, and so addresses from each half can be equally distributed on both sides of the CAM 210. Theoretically, therefore, selection of the 28th bit as the criteria should provide a good distribution of routes on each side of the CAM 210 for at least the following classes:
In an embodiment, certain IP destination addresses that have bit(s) that do not fit the characteristics used in the 28th bit selection criteria are programmed on both sides of the CAM 210. Programming on both sides of the CAM 210 provides a measure of insurance that a match will be found in the CAM 210 if or when a packet 201 is received having one of these non-characteristic addresses. For example for the above-described embodiments that examine the 28th bit, all the routes that have a prefix length≦3 (i.e., addresses that fall within the address range specified by only the 31st through 29th bits) can be programmed on both sides of the CAM 210, such that children with fourth MSB=1 (i.e., the 28th bit=1) are on the right side and children with fourth MSB=0 (i.e., the 28th bit=0) are on the left side of the CAM 210. This arrangement preserves the super-net route's child and parent relationship in the CAM 210.
In practice, the number of such routes with prefix length 3 is limited to about six addresses, and hence only six entries need to be programmed in both the left and right sides of the CAM 210. Hence, the CAM 210 is not unduly overloaded with duplicative entries. In most network situations, there are usually routes having prefix lengths of 8 and higher.
2. Using an Exclusive Or (XOR) Result of the 26th and 27th Bits to Decide which Side of the CAM to Program IP Addresses:
Based on a statistical analysis of Internet routes, the XOR result of the 26th and 27th bits of the IP destination addresses divides the routes into equal halves for the CAM 210. Thus, an embodiment of this CAM programming performs an XOR operation to populate the CAM 210 with address entries and to double the number of CAM entries.
Referring back to the five example IP destination addresses listed above, performing an XOR operation on the 26th and 27th bits yields the following results.
Addresses to program into left side of CAM 210 (since XOR result bit is 0):
Addresses to program into right side of CAM 210 (since XOR result bit is 1):
It is noted that the groupings based on the XOR operation also preserve the parent-child relationship between the "10" network routes, as demonstrated above. In an embodiment, certain IP destination addresses that have bit(s) that do not fit the characteristics used in the XOR selection criteria are programmed on both sides of the CAM 210. Programming on both sides of the CAM 210 provides a measure of insurance that a match will be found in the CAM 210 if or when a packet 201 is received having one of these non-characteristic addresses. In an embodiment, both sides of the CAM 210 can be programmed similarly as described above for the 28th bit selection criteria for the non-characteristic addresses.
3. Using a decision table to decide which on side of the CAM to program IP addresses:
In this scheme, a decision table based on plurality of the MSB bits of an IP destination address is used to decide on which side of the CAM 210 the IP destination address is to be programmed. An exemplary decision table is provided below, which is based on the 28th, 27th, and 26th bits of the IP destination address.
For example, assuming that under the decision table's column labeled "Result" above, the right side of the CAM=1 and the left side of the CAM=0, the five exemplary IP destination addressed provided above may be programmed as follows:
Addresses to program into left side of CAM 210 (since Result=1):
Addresses to program into right side of CAM 210 (since Result=0):
The above groupings can be made by examining the 28th through the 26th bits of each IP destination addresses, and then trying to locate a decision table entry (row) that matches the bit pattern. The particular matching row specifies the side of the CAM 210 to program that address, under the column heading "Results."
According to one embodiment, software (running on a processor) can program the route (e.g., the next hop IP address and/or the PRAM index that identifies a location in the memory 216 that stores the next hop IP address) in the CAM 210 based on the decision table. Whether to designate the "Results" of any particular bit pattern combination as a 1 or as a 0 can be based on a number of factors. Such factors include but are not limited to user preference, statistical distribution of addresses to ensure substantially equal population of both halves of the CAM 210, least or most commonly accessed addresses, specific network configurations (e.g., availability or unavailability of certain routes in particular networks), or other factors
Using selected MSB bit(s) of the IP destination address, as part of the decision table (e.g., the 28th through the 26th bits as in the above example) allows one to program IP routes into the CAM 210 without violating the super-netting relationship of routes. The MSB bits of one example embodiment is chosen such that routes (e.g., b) are statistically divided into two substantially equal groups, so that the left and right side memory locations of the CAM 210 can be efficiently utilized.
In case there are IP addresses having prefix lengths smaller than the least MSB (e.g., the 26th bit in the example above) used in the decision process, then those IP addresses can be programmed on both sides of the CAM 210 to ensure that a match is found when a packet is received having that particular IP destination address. For example for the above-specified decision table, IP addresses with prefix lengths smaller or equal to 5 can be programmed on both sides of the CAM 210.
It is noted that the decision table can contain section numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, etc., for example) depending on the number of partitions that have been made in the decision table.
In a routing operation after the CAM 210 has been programmed, when a packet 201 is received, the 28th through the 26th bits of its IP destination address are examined (using hardware in an embodiment) and compared to entries in the decision table to find the appropriate CAM side. Based on the CAM side thus identified with the matching bit pattern, the hardware then performs a CAM lookup using an appropriate mask (e.g., the left or right side of the CAM 210) to identify a location in memory (e.g., the memory 216) that contains the address of the next hop. This process thus avoids having to perform a second lookup in the CAM 210, as with current techniques.
All of the above U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheet, are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety.
The above description of illustrated embodiments, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention and can be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention.
For example, various examples above have been described with reference to specific network addresses, message syntax, address formats, and so forth. It is appreciated that these are merely examples and that embodiments can be implemented with any type of suitable syntax or format. Moreover, embodiments can be provided for networks that do not necessarily use the addressing formats discussed herein. For example, there may be networks that use network addressing formats that are different than that of CIDR or IPv4. In such networks, embodiments can be provided that perform address programming into memory, as well as identifying network addresses in the routing path, based on the behavior or characteristics of one or more bits of an address associated with the received packet. Such an address need not necessarily be a destination address, and can, for instance, include a source network address alternatively or additionally to a destination network address. Furthermore in such embodiments, the 28th bit and/or the particular MSB bits need not necessarily comprise the bits that are examined. The determination of which specific bit(s) to examine can be based on the type of behavior or characteristics of the network addresses that are implemented in the particular network, using non-limiting factors such as the bit(s) that can be used to distinguish between network addresses, substantially equal distribution of network addresses in a CAM, and so forth.
These and other modifications can be made to the invention in light of the above detailed description. The terms used in the following claims should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims. Rather, the scope of the invention is to be determined entirely by the following claims, which are to be construed in accordance with established doctrines of claim interpretation.
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I like Justified, I love SOA.
I like Justified, I love SOA.
The Sox traded Bullfrog the only player they've got for Shottenhoffen. Four-eyes Shottenhoffen a utility infielder. They've got a whole team of utility infielders.
Great finale last night. Great action, fantastic story-telling, tied the last episode back to the first, brough the season to a satisying close, and set up some veeeeerrry interesting plot lines for next year with Boyd Crowder and the woman from Florida, Ava and Winona, and what to do about Arlo.
I think Walton Goggins is Emmy-worthy as Boyd Crowder.
Teach tolerance.
Loved the whole year. Fantastic series.
And now its on to Burn Notice....
"I came here to kick ass and chew bubble gum... and I'm all out of bubble gum."
- - Rowdy Roddy Piper
"It takes a big man to admit when he is wrong. I am not a big man"
- - Fletch
Great finale.
Raylan seems to say this every episode.
"I need an ambulance and the coroner"
Boyd Crowder is one of the most unique characters I have seen on TV recently.
Looking forward to March 2011 already.
The Sox traded Bullfrog the only player they've got for Shottenhoffen. Four-eyes Shottenhoffen a utility infielder. They've got a whole team of utility infielders.
Yeah, that was awesome. Last two episodes really picked up the pace.
Absolutely fantastic finale, Boyd Crowder is the best.
Awesome series, cannot wait until next year.
"Trying is the first step towards failure." Homer Simpson
"I wasn't looking too good but I was feeling real well." Keith Richards
We haven't commented much on Arlo, but man that guy is interesting too. Anyone notice that he pocketed the money the Marshalls gave him, instead of giving it to Bo Crowder?
Arlo gave the Crowders an envelope full of paper.
The scene with him and the guy with the grenade was good too.
The Sox traded Bullfrog the only player they've got for Shottenhoffen. Four-eyes Shottenhoffen a utility infielder. They've got a whole team of utility infielders.
Boyd will probably go back to his old ways, and become the king of Harlan crime now that Bo is dead.
Oh, and Raylin's ex-wife is HOT. That scene in the second to last episode with her in the light color dress, simply stunning.
Bo wasn't moving, but that doesn't mean he's dead!
0 Value Over Replacement Poster
"Sit over here next to Johnathan (Bench)...sit right here, he's smart."--Sparky Anderson
I kind of hope they take some of the focus away from the Crowders - except maybe for Boyd. Otherwise they are going to have to change the name of the show to Raylan vs. the Crowders.
The Rally Onion wants 150 fans before Opening Day.
And then you've got dad Arlo and the whole Ava vs. Winona love life thing.
But yeah, I'd like to see other plot lines. They did do a good job of developing other characters and plot lines up till the last couple episodes so I'm hopeful.
And I wouldn't be surprised to see Bo and Johnny and whoever else back again. Nobody was definitively dead.
And Boyd is an intriguing character with a wildly ambiguous relationship to Raylan. It wasn't that long ago that Raylan shot him and then the show ended with Boyd calling Raylan his only friend. And there is the born-again Christian vs. meth dealer part of it.
Teach tolerance.
I thought they took the easy way out involving the Dixie Mafia with the Crowders. But I thought they did it well.
I liked Arlo and I'd like to see more of him. I liked Ava too but it started getting to be too much of "The Perils of Pauline" with those two.
Boyd's great. I said upthread that I hoped it wasn't going to be like the Road Runner cartoons with Raylan and Boyd and it turned out not to be like that at all. I was pleased with the way they handled Boyd and he was great in the last episode. I know Raylan's his friend and he helped save Ava but he does have a couple murders to answer for and some other stuff.
I also said this upthread but it annoyed me the way they had Harlan be almost a suburb of Lexington. But I think you have to fanwank some things.
The Rally Onion wants 150 fans before Opening Day.
Just got to watch the finale. Excellent first season and quite the finale. It should be fun to see where they go with it in Season 2.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
If you would like to POP [pull] your Tech student email to a mailbox on another mail system.
[Gmail, Yahoo, WindowsLive/Hotmail, Bresnan, Quest...]
Please enter the following information into their POP-mail configuration screens to pull any mail located within your Tech student mailbox.
POP3/IMAP4 configuration information:
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text:
AIM715 - Virtual Heritage
Unit details
|2015 unit information
|Enrolment modes:
|Trimester 1: Burwood (Melbourne), Cloud (online)
|Credit point(s):
|EFTSL value:
|Unit chair:
|J Sweet
|Incompatible with:
|Contact hours:
Cloud (online): Learning experiences are via CloudDeakin.
Campus: Students are required to attend a 2 day a week intensive for 3 weeks.
This unit focuses on the theory, history and practice of virtual heritage. In it we will study how museums and heritage sites have engaged with the opportunities afforded by the 'digital revolution'. We will look into the early history of this engagement to understand the debates that developed around the introduction of digital media in museums. We will look into current practices and seek to understand how they are changing our understanding both of heritage and the cultural institutions that are charged with identifying, preserving and displaying it. We will do so by exploring a range of applications, in different institutional contexts and in different countries though reading and by visiting different sites. Finally, we will seek to use our new knowledge and understanding to develop an imaginary brief that encapsulates best practice for one aspect of this new world heritage institutions find themselves in – the development of a multimedia interactive.
Module 1: Virtual Heritage: The State of Play
- The impact of the contemporary media sphere on the world of museums and heritage sites
- Going deeper: What are the contours of some of the main debates around the introduction of digital technologies into cultural heritage practice?
Module 2: Virtual Heritage: Technologies
- The museum as a media institution: thinking about multimedia
- The World of interactives
- The World wide web
- Social media and their relevance to cultural heritage
- The world of visualisation and virtual reality
Module 3: Virtual Heritage: Applications
- Multimedia in exhibitions
- Collection Management, Research and Public Access
- Learning and virtual cultural heritage
- Collecting the digital
Site assessment through a review of a particular application in a museum/heritage site, 30%, 2000 words
Preparation of multimedia brief for an exhibition 40%, 2000 words
Assessment of current scholarly debate in the field of virtual heritage through a review of the two textbooks, 30%, 1000 words
Unit Fee Information
|Student Contribution Rate*
|Student Contribution Rate**
|Fee rate - Domestic Students
|Fee rate - International students
* Rate for all CSP students, except for those who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
** Rate for CSP students who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
Please note: Unit fees listed do not apply to Deakin Prime students.


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Carnival People Pack
6-24124 | Price: $26.99
Now you can populate your favorite Lionel operating accessories with Lionelville People Packs. The detailed, hand-painted figures are made of tough pewter, standing on sturdy bases.
- Features :
- Hand-painted pewter
Gauge: Traditional O Gauge
Dimensions: Average height: 1 3/8"
Lionel 2015 Ready-to-Run Catalog


text:
Friday, August 30, 2013
When people talk about business these days, the image of a stuffy office with people working silently in boxed cubicles seems a bit outdated.
Rather, the age of networking, social media and progressive thinking is upon us, and the 2013 Mount Pleasant Business & Community Expo, presented by the Mount Pleasant Business Association (MPBA), is one of the best ways to get involved in the evolution taking place in your own backyard.
The expo was established in 2011. The doors open at 2 p.m. on Thursday, Sept. 12, and plenty of vendors – from local eateries to financial planners – will be ready to greet you and share the goods and services they offer. Take your time and sign up for the iPad giveway, scheduled for 4 p.m.
You must be present in order to win, but you'll want to stick around anyway for the special speaker from Google. Happy hour is from 5 p.m. until 7 p.m.
"We wanted to make the expo more fun this year than it's been in the past," said expo committee chair Brian Sherman in a news release. "It was a great business event in 2011 and 2012, but this year will be bigger and better. One reason is that our vendors will be able to continue to do business during the happy hour."
Happy hour includes complimentary appetizers from local restaurants including Guadalupe Grill, Sticky Fingers, Jimmy John's and Raising Cane's.
Beer and wine will be on sale, and you'll be able to mingle with business owners and supporters to the sounds of the jazz trio Lyndsey and Friends. Earlier in the day, local radio personality Kelly Golden will be onhand.
"This is an event you won't want to miss," Sherman added.
For more information about the expo, visit www.mountpleasantbusiness.com/business-expo or contact Brian Sherman at firstname.lastname@example.com or 437-8817.
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School-Day Game
Don't miss the ultimate field trip experience! Book your group for the Chicago Wolves School-Day Games on December 19, 2012, & February 5, 2013.
Details | 2011 Workbook | Watch Video | Register Now
Choir & Band Performances
Have your choir or band perform before thousands of Chicago Wolves fans at the Allstate Arena. Your choir or band can showcase its talent by being a part of our pregame entertainment!
Details | Register Now | Photos
Read to Succeed: School Program
Help students make reading fun and rewarding! Geared toward students from 3rd to 8th grade, Read to Succeed, presented by Butternut & Vista Health System, is intended to serve as a reward and inspire students to excel at existing or new reading programs within their respective schools.
Details | Sign Up | Promotional Kit
Howl for Your Health
Challenge and encourage your students to incorporate daily activity and exercise into their lives. "Howl For Your Health," presented by Vista Health System, is designed to use Wolves' resources to bring America's sedentary habits to light and initiate changes that can be used to maintain a healthy lifestyle for our students. This program uses activity charts, healthy lifestyle tips and posters to create an environment of self-awareness in the home and the schools.
Future Journalist Programs
The Chicago Wolves offer two programs for aspiring journalists: the Writing Chance program and Future Journalist Media Day. Local high school and college students who participate in Writing Chance will get to experience a Wolves game as a member of the media, having full media credentials and access to postgame interviews. Future Journalist Media Day allows high school students the opportunity participate in a panel with noted Chicago media figures, as well as interview and photograph Wolves players and coaches.
Details | Sign Up | Future Journalist Media Day
Breslin Scholarship
The Chicago Wolves have created the Tim Breslin Memorial Scholarship in loving memory of former player Tim Breslin. Breslin, who was one of the first three players signed by the franchise, passed away on Feb. 9, 2005, due to complications from appendiceal cancer. Applications will be available in October 2011.


text:
Garden Kneeler
Customers Also Bought
Padded Kneeler Pampers Knees and Eases Back Stress
- Cushioned surface is easy on the knees during planting and tending
- Use your arm strength to raise and lower yourself, preventing back strain
- Sturdy kneeler flips to become a padded bench
- Choice of Green or Purple
Working in the garden is a whole lot easier with a Gardener's Supply Garden Kneeler. You can use your arm strength to lower yourself for weeding or planting, and then push yourself up again without straining knees or back. Flip the kneeler over and it becomes a convenient bench. Frame is rugged and sturdy with locking legs, and folds flat for storage. Weighs just 8 pounds, so it's easy to carry.
Note: This kneeler is compatible with the Standard Kneeler Tool Pouch (34-315). It is not compatible with the Deep-Seat Kneeler Tool Pouch (38-577).
- Powder-coated tubular steel, 3/4" thick foam pad
- 24" W x 7" D x 19-1/2" H with a 6-1/2" D cushion
- Holds 250 lbs.
- Weighs just 8 lbs.
- Folds flat for storage
Reviewed by 2 customers
Sort by
Best Uses
This gardening bench was just what my husband needed to work in the yard while he is awaiting hip replacement surgery. He could comfortably kneel down on it and then use the handles to push himself up.
- Was this a gift?:
- No
- Quality Pad And Frame
- Rusty Screws
Best Uses
I bought this as a gift for a friend. Perfect in every way except: The screw heads along one side were rusted. My husband replaced them so this now looks as good as new (never mind that it already is). If you buy one and find a similar problem get 10 x 1 replacement screws; they'll fit. Good price, heavy-duty construction, and a nice design. Excellent gift for a gardening friend.
There are no special shipping restrictions or charges associated with this item. For detailed information about our delivery methods and charges, click here.
We're proud of the fact that this item is shipped to you directly from our warehouse in Vermont, by one of our 250 employee-owners. In-stock items are packed with care and shipped within the next business day to ensure prompt delivery to your home and garden!


text:
Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at Broke Straight Boys
These boys are very hot and very straight but most of all they are broke. Rather then lose their apartment, girlfriend, etc. they do sexual things with other guys for some quick cash.
It is Zakk and Kyler and they are back. Now they are properly warmed up we can get them to do more.
Pixels: 320X240 | Bitrate: 350K
Pixels: 640X480 | Bitrate: 700K
Very hot vid --- gave me a hard on twice
Kyler (long hair) is a doll. So cute and adorable. Nice dick.
I have been with Zakk lol When he was 18 before he started doing this silly porn thing lol
They're so Fucking HOT!!!
Fucking HOT Dude!!!!
Good vid but I think these guys have been playing with each long before coming onto BSB.
I think Kyler is better cause he is hotter!!! But the other guys dick is hotter!
BSB always gets some of the cutest guys!
Dame! These are Str8 boys? Well ones Bi I guess. But these guys suck cock better than most gay guys I have seen!!! I agree with jauncaxo, I what to get it on with Zakk he has a very hot body and nice big cock!
Hottest couple on BSB
Great video! I'd LOVE to get fucked by the short haired guy!
I wanna being fucked by Zakk and his enormous dick. It doesn't mind if is gay or not... but I like his cock.
The short haired guy is a homo for sure....obviously.
More Zakk and Kyler!!!
Good vid.


text:
With many years of experience in professional audio supply, Studiocare can now offer an extensive range of services including Sales, Service and Hire. Boasting an enviable track record in the areas of consultancy, supply, installation and servicing, Studiocare is naturally placed to act as preferred supplier to the discerning industry professional. We aim to work with you in partnership from inception to completion.
Featured Products
Waves Gold Bundle - Special OfferThe Waves Gold Bundle includes over 30 high-quality, native plugins that will help you take your mixes to the next level. Including compressors, EQs, reverbs, effects and more. Learn More£199.00 £165.83 (ex. vat)
Moog Minitaur - Ultra Compact SynthThe Moog Minitaur is a powerful, compact Analog Bass Synthesizer that features a classic one knob per function design. It is the first instrument in the Taurus family that does not have foot pedals. Learn More£384.00 £320.00 (ex. vat)
Cascade Fathead II Blumlein Pair - Ribbon Microphones (Black/Silver)Unlike most ribbon motors designed today with an offset ribbon element, the Cascade FAT HEAD II houses a hand-tuned ribbon element that incorporates the legendary symmetrical ribbon design in a true, figure-of-8 pattern. The corrugated aluminum membrane itself is positioned in the center from front Learn More£330.00 £275.00 (ex. vat)
Softube Console 1 - Integrated Hardware/Software SystemThe Softube Console 1 is a next generation control surface designed to provide a more analogue workflow through hands-on operation, and provide the analogue sound that Softube plug-ins are known for. Learn More£555.00 £462.50 (ex. vat)
Avalon VT737SP Tube / Class-A Channel Strip - B-StockB-Stock - The Avalon VT-737SP combines a Class-A tube preamp, opto-compressor, sweep equalizer, output level and VU metering to create an industry standard channel strip found in studios all over the world. Learn More£1,620.00 £1,350.00 (ex. vat)
Production Bundle 3 - Avid MBox Pro, Artist Mix, Pro Tools, Waves Gold, Novation Impulse 61, Focal CMS50, DT770, Neumann TLM103 & MoreThe Production Bundle 3 is a complete production package made up of carefully selected, professional equipment from top pro audio brands including Neumann, Avid, Beyerdynamic, Waves & Focal. Learn More£3,499.99 £2,916.66 (ex. vat)
Production Bundle 2 - Focusrite Scarlett 6i6, Waves Gold, Q49 Keyboard, HD201, AKG C3000, Yamaha HS5, K&M Mic Stand Pop filter and CablesThe Production Bundle 2 offers a substantial upgrade compared to the Production Bundle 1. It is aimed at those who want to take their production forward with an expanded range of more professional equipment, adding a pair of monitors and a Waves plug-in suite to the package. Learn More£874.99 £729.16 (ex. vat)
Neumann TLM67 - Includes Free EA87 ShockmountThe Neumann TLM67 is multi-pattern condenser microphone based on the legendary U67. The TLM 67 uses the same capsule as the U67 - the K67 - and although this is a tubeless microphone, the new circuit design closely reproduces the same sound characteristics. Learn More£1,285.00 £1,070.83 (ex. vat)
Bock Audio iFetThe Bock Audio iFet is a condenser microphone capable of handling high SPL sources and delivering the sound of the classic Fet 47. The Bock iFet features a K47 type capsule and a Bock designed large core output transformer. Learn More£1,614.00 £1,345.00 (ex. vat)
Production Bundle 1 - Avid FT Duo with PT Express, Q49 Keyboard, HD201, AKG D5 Mic, K&M Mic Stand and CableThis Production Bundle 1 contains everything you need to start making music, right through from capturing the performance through to mixing. Learn More£359.99 £299.99 (ex. vat)


text:
Welcome to readers of the New York Post article "Off The Charts" by Mandy Stadtmiller! Here is a roundup of all Google Maps Mashups for New York City to help you to explore your city in a new way. For more, please check the Mashups and Tools Index in the right column..
Transit and Transportation: Subway Map, Subway Map (using Flash), Map Bars to Subway Stops, Subway Map + Apartments, Calculate quickest transit route, Top 50 NYC Subway Stations, NYC Trafficland, NYC Zip Car Rentals, RoadSummit Traffic
Around Town: Alkemis Local, NYC Weather, Watch Dave live in NYC, GarbageScout, New York Movie locations, Men's room baby changetables, NYC True Stories, Projects: Find Potholes in NYC, NYC Emergency Food Programs,
Shops & Restaurants: MenuPages, BYOB Restaurants in NYC, NYC Vegan Restaurants, NYC Pizza Places, NYC Wine Shops, DrVino NYC, NYC Restaurant Mashup, Cool NYC Cafes, Williamsburger, NYC Community Guide, Manhattan All Night, Village Voice Picks, Brooklyn Community Map, NYC Camera Shops
Bars: NYC Beer and Music, NYC Wine Bars, New York City Bar and Subway Map, New York City drink deals
Tourism & Recreation: Virtual New York City Tours, Virtual New York City Tour, NYC Bike Paths, MP3 Tours NYC
Real Estate: Trulia NYC, NateFind NYC, TenantNetwork NYC


text: Sable is described as a "cool bronze [with a Frost finish]." It's a medium-dark brown with warm, red undertones and a frosted sheen. The texture was soft, buttery, and very smooth, while it had excellent, full color coverage. The eyeshadow wore well for eight hours before it started to fade along the edges. Too Faced Cote d'Azur (P, $16.00) is less shimmery. Tom Ford Beauty Orchid Haze #2 (P) is cooler-toned. Sleek MakeUP Python (P, $9.99) is darker. MAC Pink Sensibilities #1 (LE, $21.00) is a touch lighter. Too Faced Amaretto (P, $16.00) is darker. Clarins The Essentials #9 (LE) is darker, less shimmery. MAC Her Cocoa #4 (LE, $15.00) is darker. CoverGirl Scorching Cocoa (355) (P, $4.99) is less shimmery. Clinique Ample Amber (P, $17.00) is a cream product. See comparison swatches / view dupes.


text:
404: Firefox NOT Coming to iPhone, Sorry Kiddies
The folks at Mozilla are still fuming mad over Safari-gate. The developers behind the popular open source browser Firefox stated flatly that no efforts will be made to port Firefox to iPhone, blaming Apple's Gestapo-like restrictive software license.
So this means I can't look forward to a browser that consumes half my memory and grinds to a halt on AJAX-heavy websites? Tragic.
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
404: Firefox NOT Coming to iPhone, Sorry Kiddies
Yep, you've outed me - I'm a n00b. I just happen to build websites for a living, develop web technologies that you use every day within your very browser but wouldn't understand, review technolgoy, build complex interfaces, you know... n00b things.
The point I was making is that Firefox is imperfect at best. FF3 beta 4 looks promising, but I still see lots of legacy code and interface conventions that gives the browser a clunky f
And I happen to use Firefox as my browser of choice on Windows, but not Mac... not anymore. Safari 3.1 has finally put Apple ahead of Mozilla in my opinion. It's leaner, meaner and overall faster than.
Absolutely agree with admin,
Firefox is great on the PC, well last time I looked, mainly because it's a far superior alternative to the atrocity that is IE.
Safari 3.1 has added some great tools over from WebKit that are indispensable, such as the Web Inspector window. Tools like this that used to make Firefox THE choice for web developers are now available and in some ways better on Safari.
On the Mac, at the moment, and on the iPhone of course, Safari is ahead by quite a margin.
I wonder if you realise that the whole tone of this blog entry, plus your response to "John", is both negative and aggressive. It's almost as if you want to badmouth Firefox just because they badmouthed Safari.
While I don't disagree that Firefox on the Mac can be quite slow at times, and it uses a lot of memory, it has many useful plugins that Safari does not.
I wonder if you realise that the whole tone of this blog entry, plus your response to "John", is both negative and aggressive.
Apparently you don't realize his response to me was negative and abrasive. Life lesson number one: You get back what you give out.
I concur. FF is what I use on both Windows and Linux (on the rare occasion I use that OS).... and can the fear mongering. People come to this site for iPhone news and commentary, not Firefox developments.
You may be right for some aspects but unfortunately Apple isn't really rigorous regarding security and Safari was the the first to be hacked:http://dvlabs.tippingpoint.com/blog/2008/03/27/day-two-of-cansecwest-pwn...
IPHONE 2.0 commercial are you serious? Thats gonna be awesome I wonder what they are going to do for it? Does anyone know?? I know its off topic but I just got my tax return back and am looking to upgrade my old IPHONE to the new one. If anyone knows anything about the new commercial and what features it will showcase I would be very happy to know.
Hey guys, I found more info here:
Check it!
Perhaps the good folks at Google is getting ready to launch their own mobile device and Firefox is its default browser.
If the iPhone Desktop ever happens, Firefox will run on it.
Very nice news. I love this site. You can check my celebrities wallpapers at:http://www.firefoxp.com Firefoxp Desktop Wallpapers.
I'm not dispaonted with this entry, from a guy with a blog called "Elitist snob" (I beat you: I'm french).
As a guy who also build websites for a living, I use Firefox on a daily basis : Webdevelopper toolbar, Firebug, etc. - Not so useful on a mobile device, I must agree.
But this immature fanboy tone doesnt really serve your cause.
Admin: YOU FAIL
Firefox 3 beta 5 consumes LESS memory on a Mac than Safari 3.1.1 It doesn't launch as quick on a fresh boot up of a computer as Safari does but on my Mac with a few configuration adjustments in Firefox, I find that Firefox 3 beta 5 renders webpages slightly faster.
@Admin: Apparently you don't realize his response to me was negative and abrasive. Life lesson number one: You get back what you give out.
Ok, but look at the picture of your post and even the contents. You're just inviting negative response from firefox users. Learn the lesson before you teach it to others. Sure it's your blog, but don't say someone is being negative first when they are only responding to your negative post!
iPhone has no Java and now no Firefox ... man it sucks balls when you have 10 years old technology with a license worse than Microsoft. I guess ya'll just going to entertain yourselves with blog posts like this
I'm working on a firefox iPhone port guys
And I'm adding some of chromes features that I loved
I'm doing it in my spare time so it'll take a couple I months :(
I'm working on a firefox iPhone port guys
And I'm adding some of chromes features that I loved
I'm doing it in my spare time so it'll take a couple F months :(
This post has been nothing but blatant Firefox trashing. Never bothering to take this crappy blog seriously again.
FYI, john's statement is perfectly acceptable.
I'm better than you. I use Firefox. Why did I even come to this mediocrity of a blog. Check your writing. It's boring. I don't even remember what you wrote about Firefox. (Just that you somehow don't like it.) The comments are very entertaining though. So I thought I'd help by adding more comment ketchup to your crap blog.
I'm better than you. I use Firefox.
Kent Pribbernow,
your argument for monopolization of browser technology, is it limited to the Iphone platform?
Opera mini is not happening either. Zero competition for browsers is not going to be helpful for Apple. Android had Opera mini, before it even had a device and is not stuffed with corporate crap ideas. I hope the sane alternative will win.
Er... Kent hasn't contributed to this site in over 6 months :)
Did this post just pop up somewhere else?
I can see a few issues with this article. For one, safari only works better On a mac because, like IE on a Pc, it Is constantly devouring system resourses in attempt to appear faster than it is.
One qustion:
You claim to build web applications and do programming, and that you do this all on a mac...
How does it feel to write programs for 1% of computers in the entire world?
Oh, and If you want to go on a credentials battle, let me slap mine on you:
3d modeling, rendering, animation, and voted top ten in the world at it from the google community.
-all of which require that which a mac just can't provide- software that isn't dominated by application Nazis....
"Yep, you've outed me - I'm a n00b. I just happen to build websites for a living, develop web technologies that you use every day within your very browser but wouldn't understand, review technolgoy, build complex interfaces, you know… n00b things. "
First of all, spell checkers are amazing things. Just because you can't type a single paragraph without a typographical error in it doesn't mean your computer should suffer you to.
Secondly, your sad attempts at humor are lost to us all, and if you'd have taken the time to read the article, being the "expert" that you are, you'd see that his argument was well founded. But I guess you're too busy being an "expert" to pay attention to any of those technical "internet" things. Douche.
Yeaaaaa haven't used firefox on a mac can't say it's better or worse. But attacking firefox isn't going to help your cause... Also I've seen myfox on cydia don't know if it's a true port or not but it's a definate check out for any firefox fan. Also apple does allow fullscreen browsers so apple probably just rejected it cuz it's well competiton
The author here is clearly biased against Firefox, because Firefox users who use Script Block/AdBlock Plus (WHICH YOU WONT FIND ON SAFARI/IE) aren't getting bombarded with tracking cookies and annoying pop ups/scripts, and losing his revenue on his site because of that.
Firefox is awesome for the fact of it's open source and user developed plugins/addons/themes. No other browser are you going to find the ability to block virtually all ads (AdBlock), disable all scripts (NoScript), syncronize all your bookmarks to an online server public or private (Foxmarks/Xmarks), or change your internet browser to look like a Nintendo with Megaman sprites (Megaman theme).
Power to the user.
Oh, and if it's lagging up your machine, UPGRADE IT, doofus.
John is right. Not sure what planet these Safari supporters are on (or which computer company they work for), but Firefox is vastly superior, even against Safari on Macs. FF is much quicker than safari, is able to run much more programs than Safari, and is much more user friendly. Other facts: Safari sucks for playing so many online movies and games. Apple needs to abandon it like a blind date and use FF.
I wanted to every so often non-standard due to you for this marvellous know!! I indisputably enjoying every small-minded grain of it I have you bookmarked to constraint way out snazzy essentials you transmit…


text:
Outdoor Living
false pdp {"scheme":"product1_cr"}
false pdp {"scheme":"product2_cr"}
55" Frontgate TEC Infrared Grill 1 1
Unbelievable I bought this grill about a month ago - at first skeptical about the price... It came on two large pallets, and took me about an hour to put together. Build quality - excellent (all 304 stainless steel....) Cooking Experience - incredible. Within 5-10 minutes the grille get to 1000F with the hood down using the infrared heat. You really have to watch what you're doing - otherwise you'll burn the food. The cleaning function (just leave the grille on high for 10 minutes after you good, burns off any residue... even fish skin.) Customer Service - TEC customer service is unheard of (they answer the phone, in english, with a friendly voice, and follow-up). No regrets (also - get the grille cover). cheers May 28, 2012
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55" Frontgate TEC Infrared Grill
0 answers
where in west Michigan can you get repairs for this grill?
Michigan, USA
Additional information about HQNN could not be loaded.
Length of Ownership: 2-5 years
2 days ago
Michigan, USA
Additional information about HQNN could not be loaded.
0out of 0found this question helpful.
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Has staff answer
55" Frontgate TEC Infrared Grill
1 answer
do two side shelfs come with this grill
Additional information about Proto could not be loaded.
2 years, 5 months ago
Additional information about Proto could not be loaded.
0out of 0found this question helpful.
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Answer:We appreciate your interest in this item. This grill features the pedestal base, which includes the 2 side shelves.
2 years, 5 months ago
West Chester, OH, USA
Additional information about KMFrontgateService could not be loaded.
0out of 0found this answer helpful.
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Has staff answer
55" Frontgate TEC Infrared Grill
1 answer
LPG gas?
Potomac, MD, USA
Additional information about Kimba41 could not be loaded.
Your website for this grill only offers a natural gas model. Do you offer the model operating on LPG.? Is the model offered 100% stainless steel?. Does it come with two side shelves?
Length of Ownership: 10+ years
3 years ago
Potomac, MD, USA
Additional information about Kimba41 could not be loaded.
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Answer:We appreciate your interest in this item. Unfortunately we have sold out of our inventory of this item with the LPG option and will not be receiving any more. We apologize for the inconvenience. The item offered is made from corrosion-resistant 304 stainless steel and does include the two side shelves.
3 years ago
West Chester, OH, USA
Additional information about KMFrontgateService could not be loaded.
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Product:48997-Frontgate Infrared Grill by TEC Grill


text:
Emergency NumbersPhone Book (Must be on-campus or have a valid network account)
Chapter 9: Chair Interaction with the Office for Education Abroad (OEA)Faculty Selection for Study Abroad
International Education is a signature program at CSB/SJU, and Department Chairs play an important role in the successful operation of many of our international programs. Of the 16 semester long study abroad programs managed by the Office for Education Abroad, 15 of the programs are led by a CSB/SJU faculty member. Department Chairs will be asked from time to time to support a faculty member's application to lead a study abroad program. Factors to consider with respect to this decision include:
- What courses will be taught during the semester abroad?
- Will other faculty members from the department have also requested to lead a program or be on leave or sabbatical?
- What is the potential impact that leading a study abroad program might have on a faculty member's progress toward promotion or tenure? (Examples include lack of availability of course observation, preparation of promotion/tenure files, ability to complete follow-up actions on third year review recommendations, and others.)
Decisions with respect to who will direct study abroad are generally made at least one year in advance. In the event that a faculty member in the department is selected to lead a program for the following academic year, chairs need to project staffing for the department in light of potential needs, changes, sabbaticals, and leaves of absence in order to determine whether replacement faculty may be required. At such time chairs should communicate department's needs to the Academic Dean so that the appropriate steps can be taken with respect to staffing.Short-term Programs
Faculty members also lead short term study abroad programs. Many departments offer the same short term programs every year. For example, the nursing department runs a program in South Africa, and Hispanic Studies operates a program in Spain. Department Chairs can discuss with their faculty members how to best utilize the short term model for study abroad to best meet their students' needs. The Office for Education Abroad can assist with the planning and promotion of these programs.
Department Chairs will also be asked from time to time to evaluate the awarding of credit to courses taught in the context of a study abroad program. Working with the Office for Education Abroad to procure the best information on the content and rigor of the courses taught overseas is an important factor in completing this responsibility.
Last updated: September 16, 2008


text:
The Mocs wrapped up play at the 2013 USTA/ITA Ohio Valley Regional Sunday. UTC dropped two singles matches in consolation action to close out its participation in the tournament in Knoxville, Tenn.
Sophomore John Peacey (Emerald, Australia) dropped his consolation match to Lipscomb's David Salazar (6-2, 6-3). Junior Pavels Grigorjevs (Riga, Latvia) advance in the bracket by default before losing to Butler's Pulok Bhattacharya (6-3, 6-2).
The Mocs have one more tournament on the fall schedule. They travel to the Grizzly Open at Gwinnett College in Lawrenceville, Ga., on Oct. 18-20.
David Salazar (Lip) def. John Peacey (UTC) – 6-2, 6-3
Pavels Grigorjevs (UTC) def. Iago Seffrin (Austin Peay) – Def.
Pulok Bhattacharya (Butler) def. Pavels Grigorjevs (UTC) – 6-3, 6-2


text:
State of the Apps: Dev-Cash in Hand, Keywords Spammed, iBoobs banned, Approval Process Jammed
While many iPhone devs probably haven't struck it rich (just as many of the apps flooding the store haven't yet been strike-it-rich worthy), quality products that find an audience are still proving to be massive income sources for some developers reports
Fake Steve Real Dan Lyons in Newsweek:
Greenstone, 41, has been writing games for Apple's computers for 21 years. But he says he's never seen anything like the iPhone apps phenomenon, which this year will deliver $5 million in revenue for him. "It's crazy. It's like lottery money. In the last four and a half months we've made as much money off the retail sales of iPhone apps as we've made with retail sales of all of the apps that we've made in the past 21 years—combined." Business is so good that Greenstone won't even bother writing for the Mac anymore.
Daniel wrote in to let us know the obvious: Apple rejected iBoobs from the App Store. Duh or d'oh, we guess, depending on your point of view. Did the dev think Pull my Finger made this okay? Cheer or jeer the video if you have to.
Tapbots developer Paul Hadda, whom TiPb interviewed a while back and whose awesome WeightBots app has just hit version 1.2, made a nasty discovery when searching the App Store: keyword spam:
I searched around for other high profile apps and found quite a few developers have chosen to SEO optimize their app description. So first we have apps naming themselves with blanks at the beginning to take advantage of alphabetical listing in the store. Then we have apps going from Free to Paid to take advantage of the top 100 list. And now this SEO hack, what's next?
Since astroturfing and mechanical turk paid ratings are already taken, we're betting "you may have already won..." scams, but who knows?
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
State of the Apps: Dev-Cash in Hand, Keywords Spammed, iBoobs banned, Approval Process Jammed
So the reason for rejection of this app was presumably, Boobs are bad mkay? Because surely this doesnt count as pornography. I expect an 'explicit' category/tag for the app store to eventually hit, which will allow for apps like this.
I look forward to endless iBoob clones when that day comes. For now i will make do with with the gazillion Fart machines now flooding the store.
for me, american idol this year is much better than the previous one.
Out of office, out of danger.
hey were turning a profit." One sure sign that the carts are catching on? Young customers are starting to text-message their food orders.


text:
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Tag Archives: Baronius Press
Knox Bible translation to be online
17 February will be the 125th Birthday of Fr. Ronald Knox, who did that amazing translation of the Bible. I got a note from the nice people at Baronius Press, who reprinted the Knox Bible recently, that they will be … Continue reading
Posted in Just Too Cool, The Campus Telephone Pole Tagged Baronius Press, Knox Bible, Msgr. .Ronald Knox, New Advent 6 Comments
Reader Feedback: the Knox Version
Do you remember my brief review of the new edition by Baronius Press of Ronald Knox's translation of the Bible? HERE. To buy it US HERE and UK HERE. I received this today from a reader: Through your link I purchased the Ronald Knox … Continue reading
Posted in Linking Back, Reader Feedback, The Campus Telephone Pole Tagged Baronius Press, feedback, Knox Bible, Knox version, Ronald Knox 22 Comments
Baronius Press beautiful new edition of the Knox Bible
While preparing my post about Faith Magazine, I saw an article about Ronald Knox. That reminded me that Baronius Press recently sent me a copy of their new, beautifully bound, edition of Knox's translation of the Bible. US HERE and … Continue reading
Posted in Just Too Cool, The Campus Telephone Pole Tagged Baronius Press, Knox Bible, Knox version, Msgr. .Ronald Knox, Scripture 25 Comments
Divine Intimacy
From a reader: Some time ago you wrote a post that mentioned the book Divine Intimacy. For whatever reason that stuck with me and after saving a little money in my book budget I purchased myself a copy. I have … Continue reading
REVIEW: New 3-volume (Extraordinary Form) Roman Breviary in Latin and English from Baronius Press
Have you wanted to use the older form of the office, the Roman Breviary, but haven't been able to do it because your Latin isn't strong enough or you couldn't figure out how to do it? You are in luck. … Continue reading
A liturgical, bliblical treasure hunt
I suppose it is a confluence of factors, including the rhythm of the liturgical year and various factors in life, I found the Introit for today's Mass, for Pentecost Tuesday, quite moving. Introitus 4 Esdr 2:36 2:37 Accípite iucunditátem glóriæ … Continue reading
Posted in "How To..." - Practical Notes, The Drill Tagged 4 Esdras, Apocrypha, Baronius Press, Clementine Vulgate 14 Comments
QUAERITUR: How to prepare for participation at Mass in the Extraordinary Form
From a reader: I am a great fan of your blog and I learn a lot on a regular basis. However, I am new to WDTPRS- have you in the past given tips and hints on how to start out … Continue reading
Baronius Press will soon issue Latin-English Breviarium Romanum
At long last the worthy Baronius Press is just about ready with its three volume, Latin-English edition of the Breviarium Romanum. Having the English side by side with the Latin could open a whole new liturgical world for many who … Continue reading
Posted in The Campus Telephone Pole Tagged Baronius Press, breviarium romanum 41 Comments
REVIEW: Catena Aurea of St. Thomas Aquinas (Baronius Press)
Latin catena means "chain". Catena came to be the label for a work which involved "chaining" the commentaries of previous previous writers so as to create a verse by verse biblical commentary. The best known of these catena was created … Continue reading
Posted in REVIEWS Tagged Baronius Press, Catena Aurea 14 Comments


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