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Focus Area:Prevention
- HIV Prevention Knowledge Base
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- Combination Approaches
- Biomedical Interventions
- Antiretroviral Therapy as an HIV Prevention Strategy
- Blood Safety and Availability
- Contraception to Prevent Unplanned Pregnancies among Women with HIV
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections
- HIV Testing and Counseling as Prevention
- Infant Feeding for Mothers Living with HIV
- Injection Safety
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- Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
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Biomedical Interventions: Contraception to Prevent Unplanned Pregnancies among Women with HIV
I. Definition of the Prevention Area
Family planning (FP) is a strategy to prevent vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child. Reducing the number of unplanned pregnancies in HIV-positive women reduces the number of infants exposed to HIV. Helping women with HIV meet their own family size and child spacing goals is one of four elements of a comprehensive approach to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. While this is still valid, in April, 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a programmatic update on "Use of ARVs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV Infection in Infants." In the executive summary, the WHO said: "Now a new, third option (Option B+) proposes further evolution—not only providing the same triple ARV drugs to all HIV-infected pregnant women beginning in the antenatal clinic setting but also continuing this therapy for all of these women for life.
Despite the approaches countries may undertake, there are several key factors to consider when planning and implementing programs to meet the family planning needs of women living with HIV:
- The social behavioral communication strategy being employed by the program should reinforce and complement approaches for meeting the family planning needs of HIV women and should extend between the community outreach efforts and the messages given at the health facility.
- Discuss and plan the family planning commodities (modern, traditional, and hormonal) that will be provided, the training of health providers and the health information system needed to document the challenges and successes.
- Promote the importance of using a condom for dual protection regardless of the other methods of family planning that may be used should be promoted. Condoms can prevent both an unplanned pregnancy and HIV transmission. Male and female condoms are effective at preventing HIV transmission among serodiscordant couples.
II. Epidemiologic Justification
During the PEPFAR expansion period, USAID funded several modeling studies showing that lowering the number of unplanned pregnancies among women with HIV can be as effective in reducing infant HIV infections as giving antiretrovirals (ARVs) to HIV-positive pregnant women. It is estimated that each year, contraceptive use prevents an estimated 577,200 unplanned pregnancies among HIV-positive women in sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in an estimated 173,000 HIV-positive births averted. Although many countries are planning to implement the new WHO policies, family planning is still a critical component for meeting the needs of all HIV positive women.
III. Core Programmatic Components
Contraception as an HIV prevention intervention is most cost-effective when implemented in settings with generalized HIV epidemics that disproportionately affect women of reproductive age. Given that most women do not know their HIV status, ministries of health and collaborating programs should make FP services available to all women to maximize their HIV-prevention impact as well as their impact on maternal-child health.
Women living with HIV should have access to high-quality information and services so they can make informed decisions about future pregnancies. These include information about the effectiveness, side effects, and interaction of contraceptive drugs with ARVs, and about the advantages of dual protection, delivered as part of measures to prevent vertical transmission of HIV. Discussing pregnancy intentions and providing access to contraceptives is an important service in HIV care and treatment settings because certain ARVs possess toxicities that can affect the fetus. Trained counselors who can provide comprehensive information geared to the needs of HIV-positive women are critical for high-quality FP and providing information about all available methods of family planning.
Women with HIV, including those taking ARVs, can use almost all contraceptive methods safely and effectively, In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) held a technical consultation to review studies of the use of hormonal contraception and whether it increases risk of HIV acquisition and transmission. A thorough review of the evidence and study designs led the WHO to retain its position that women with HIV can safely use hormonal contraception, with the new recommendation that women at high risk of HIV who choose progestin-only injectable contraceptives should also use condoms and other HIV-preventive measures.
IV. Current Status of Implementation Experience
Although integrated FP/HIV services are scaling up globally, a number of obstacles continue to impede this process. These include separate funding streams for FP and HIV programming, the vertical organization of health ministries and service facilities, and a lack of evidence for the effectiveness of integrated service delivery models. A publication by the WHO, USAID, and FHI 360 provides program planners, implementers, and managers with strategic considerations for implementing or strengthening integrated FP/HIV services.
The global health community, including the U.S. Government's Global Health Initiative, encourages investigation and expansion of promising approaches to service integration and delivery. The Country Operational Plan guidance issued by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) encourages country teams to consider co-locating FP and HIV services, particularly at the primary health care level. PEPFAR encourages the programs it supports to train health workers to deliver an enhanced package of maternal, newborn, and child health services, including FP, for women living with HIV.
Impact of Integrated Family Planning and HIV Care Services on Contraceptive Use and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Kosgei, R. J., Lubano, K. M., Shen, C., et al. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (2011), Vol. 58 No. 5, pp. e121-126.
The United States Agency for International Development–Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Partnership in Kenya assessed a pilot program intended to increase the use of family planning methods among HIV-positive women. The study sought to measure the differences between routine care (RC) and an integrated family planning services (IFP) model to determine the impact of the additional FP services in HIV care on the use of modern contraceptive methods and pregnancy rates. The AMPATH site was located in a hospital in Eldoret, Kenya, where more than 17,000 adult patients were receiving HIV care. In RC, two groups of patients, totaling 2578, received FP services that included condom counseling and condom availability as a means to reduce HIV transmission. In IFP, one group of patients, totaling 1453, were provided the RC in addition to visiting a reproductive health room staff by experienced nurses to obtain FP services. It was found that in the IFP group that the incidence of new condom use increased (16.7 percent; P < 0.001), the incidence of use of new FP methods including condoms increased (12.9 percent; P < 0.001), and the incidence of new FP use excluding condoms decreased (3.8 percent; P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in the number of new pregnancies in the IFP group (0.1 percent; P = 0.9). The results of the attributable risk of the incidence rate per 100-person-years of IFP and RC followed similar trends. The study demonstrates how an IFP model can be successful in HIV care sites.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Long-term Contraceptive Use Among HIV Serodiscordant and Concordant Positive Couples in Zambia
Stephenson, R., Vwalika, B., Greenberg, L., et al. Journal of Women's Health (2011), Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 567-574.
The study aimed to increase the use of modern family planning (FP) methods among HIV serodiscordant and HIV seroconcordant couples in Zambia. Data for the study came from a cohort of 1502 couples who were recruited through couples voluntary counseling and testing (CVCT) clinics, and then enrolled in a randomized controlled trail. There were four arms to the study. The methods group viewed one video that provided information on modern contraceptives. The motivational group viewed the second video that demonstrated positive future planning behaviors such as will preparation and pregnancy prevention. The third group viewed both videos. The control group watched a video on other healthy behaviors. Counselors were available after the groups watched the videos to answer any questions. Couples were given the opportunity to initiate, add, or change their modern contraceptive method free of charge. It was found that at baseline only 21.5 percent of couples reported use of a modern FP method. After the intervention, 1407 couples chose a new method or wanted to continue their current method. The most popular methods among new users were injectables (40.7 percent) and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) (40.5 percent). OCPs were the most popular method chosen postintervention among the 324 couples who were already using a contraceptive method at enrollment (62.7 percent) with injectables following (33 percent). It was also found that when couples switched from one method to another they most likely switched from OCP to Norplant and injectables. The study was highly successful in increasing the uptake of modern FP methods to high-risk couples.
Systematic Review of Integration of Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health and Nutrition, Family Planning, and HIV
Kennedy, G., Kennedy, C., Lindegren, M., et al; for the GHTech Project (2011).
The paper presents the findings from a Cochrane systematic literature review of peer-reviewed and gray literature on the effectiveness of the integration of HIV/AIDS services with maternal, neonatal, and child health and nutrition services, including family planning (MNCHN/FP) services. The paper also describes factors that support or limit service integration as well as lessons that were learned from program experiences. The review includes 20 studies from the peer-reviewed literature as well as 14 reports from unpublished and non–peer-reviewed sources. They all were published between 1990 and 2010 and evaluated programs that integrated HIV/AIDS and MNCHN/FP services. It was found that integration is possible and successful. Women's and children's health outcomes improved with the integration of services as well as the quality of services. Interventions that provided community and staff support, resources to train and supervise staff, and were simple and inexpensive were shown to be successful. The authors noted that the research methods should be more rigorous, use biomarkers (e.g., HIV incidence), and measure sociocultural factors (e.g., stigma, gender) as well as cost.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Family Planning in Reducing the Number of Children with HIV Infection
Stover, J. International Conference on AIDS/STIs in Africa (ICASA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2011).
The 12-slide presentation given at ICASA in 2011 demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of providing family planning to HIV-positive women. Overall expenditures can be reduced in prevention of mother-to-child-transmission, maternal and child health, and antiretroviral services if family planning programs are expanded.
Unmet Need for Contraception among HIV-positive Women in Lesotho and Implications for Mother-to-Child Transmission
Adair, T. Journal of Biosocial Science (2009), Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 269–278.
Despite one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world—26.4 percent among women of reproductive age (WRA)—few WRA in Lesotho know their HIV status. Furthermore, only 35 percent of WRA are using contraception. As such, increased contraceptive use has considerable potential in reducing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in Lesotho. Data from the 2004 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey indicate only 34 percent of women with HIV used contraception. Furthermore, nearly one-third of these women have an unmet need for contraception—that is, they do not want another child or want to wait two or more years to have a child, but are not using any contraceptive method. In addition to scaling up family planning (FP) services for all women in Lesotho, integrating FP services into prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) and voluntary counseling and testing programs can help all women achieve their fertility preferences while reducing the pediatric HIV burden.
Benefits and Costs of Expanding Access to Family Planning Programs to Women Living with HIV
Halperin, D. T., Stover, J.,& Reynolds, H. W. AIDS (2009), Vol. 23 Supplement 1, pp. S123-S130.
Preventing unwanted pregnancies is known to be an effective way of averting mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. This study, funded by USAID, models the effects of providing contraception to all women of reproductive age (WRA) and the cost-effectiveness of this strategy in 14 countries with the highest HIV prevalence among WRA. It also models the aggregate effect for 139 countries worldwide. The annual cost per infant infection avoided by offering antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to all women living with HIV was estimated to be $543 for the 14 high prevalence countries ($609 was the estimated cost worldwide), whereas the cost of a birth averted, if all women who wanted contraceptives received them, was $61 ($63 worldwide) by comparison. The authors believe that it is critical for high prevalence countries to offer and promote family planning as a cost effective means of preventing MTCT. The article is one of 14 articles in the AIDS supplement devoted to family planning and women living with HIV.
Family Planning and HIV
Wilcher, R., Cates, W., & Gregson, S. (eds.). AIDS (2009), Vol. 23 Supplement 1, pp. S1-S130.
The article is the first of 14 in the AIDS 2009 supplement devoted to family planning and women living with HIV. The goal of the supplement is to address the key gaps in the literature. It provides an introduction to the supplement by giving an overview of the evidence and studies contained within it. The article starts with a history of the programmatic relationship between family planning and HIV services. It is stated that the two fields have supported integration of services for over 15 years but oftentimes funding streams made it challenging to successfully fulfill this goal. There has been an emergence of new evidence and policy support to better integrate services which has been followed by increased funding and programs. In the supplement, there are articles devoted to behavioral, biomedical, and programmatic research. The authors hope that the supplement will further the discussion, support, and actual implementation of joint family planning and HIV services.
The Contribution of Family Planning Towards the Prevention of Vertical HIV Transmission in Uganda
Hladik, W., Stover, J., Esiru, G., et al. PLoS One (2009) Vol. 4 No. 11, p. e7691.
Data on fertility, HIV infection, FP use, and MTCT of HIV were used to create projections on the pediatric HIV burden in Uganda. These mathematical estimates indicate that FP use—by virtue of preventing pregnancies among women living with HIV—is more effective in preventing pediatric HIV than antiretroviral therapy (ART) for PMTCT. Furthermore, the study finds that unwanted fertility is a significant contributor to pediatric HIV cases. These greater benefits of FP use remain true even if ART use was scaled-up to 80 percent among pregnant women. Thus, comprehensive strategies to reduce MTCT of HIV must include FP. The authors argue that FP should be integrated in PMTCT programs, HIV CT programs, and postnatal care for all women of reproductive age, regardless of HIV status.
Reproductive Intentions and Outcomes Among Women on Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural Uganda: A Prospective Cohort Study
Homsy, J., Bunnell, R., Moore, D., et al. PLoS ONE (2009) Vol. 4 No. 1, p. e4149.
In a cohort of rural Ugandan women receiving ART, sexual activity and incidence of pregnancy significantly increased during follow-up, yet more than 93 percent of the women repeatedly expressed not wanting or not planning to have more children. In addition, more than 86 percent of sexually active women not desiring children were not using any modern contraceptive method other than condoms after two years on ART. In conclusion, women on ART and their partners should be consistently counseled on the effects of ART in restoring fertility and be regularly offered free and comprehensive FP services as part of their standard package of care.
Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV Linkages: Evidence Review and Recommendations
This report reviews 58 studies (peer-reviewed research and promising practices) documenting linkages between SRH and HIV services. Overall, findings indicate that integrated services improve behavioral, health, and societal outcomes. Results are disaggregated by type of clinic (antenatal, CT, HIV treatment, FP, primary health care, sexually transmitted infection [STI]), and factors that facilitate or impede effective integration are identified. The contributing authors provide recommendations for policymakers, program managers, and research evaluators to guide the implementation of integrated SRH and HIV service delivery.
Family Planning and Safer Sex Practices among HIV Infected Women Receiving Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Services at Kitale District Hospital
Bij SC, Otieno-Nyunya B, Siika A, et al. East African Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 46-50.
This descriptive cross-sectional study of 146 women in western Kenya assessed the usage of family planning services and safer sex practices among HIV-infected mothers who had received prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. The women were recruited from an existing PMTCT program at Kitale District Hospital between April and July 2005, and asked to complete a structured questionnaire. It was found that less than half of the women used a modern family planning method (44 percent). Of the women who were using a modern family planning method, the hormonal injectable (15 percent) was the most popular followed by bilateral tubal ligation (13 percent) and oral contraceptive pills (11 percent). Those who were married were more likely to use a family planning method compared to single women. Married women were also more likely to use a condom during sexual intercourse compared to single and widowed/divorced/separated women. Women aged 20-34 years old also were more likely to use a condom compared to women who were older or younger. Women who disclosed their status to their partner were more likely to use condoms compared to those who did not. The majority of women in this study were no longer planning to have children (73 percent), yet about half of these women (55 percent) were not using any form of family planning. There was a high level of unmet need among this group of women. This study demonstrates that family planning programs need to be strengthened in PMTCT programs.
The Value of Contraception to Prevent Perinatal HIV Transmission
Reynolds, H. W., Janowitz, B., Homan, R., et al. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (2006) Vol. 33 No. 6, pp. 350–356.
This study estimates the costs and effectiveness of traditional, vertically delivered FP programs to prevent HIV-positive births. In a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 WRA in sub-Saharan Africa, contraception averted 33.1 HIV-positive births while a single dose of nevirapine for PMTCT averted 32.5 HIV-positive births. The estimated cost per HIV-positive birth averted was $663 for contraception and $857 for nevirapine. The assumptions used vary depending on contraceptive and HIV prevalence, service delivery costs, and other factors in a country. In general, increasing contraceptive use is a viable and cost-effective strategy in averting HIV-positive births. The authors conclude that HIV prevention programs would benefit from including increased FP as part of their strategy for PMTCT and should fund such efforts accordingly.
Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Female-to-Male HIV Transmission: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence
Polis, C.B., Phillips, S.J., & Curtis, K.M. AIDS (October 2012), e-publication ahead of print.
This systematic review examines epidemiological evidence of the effects of hormonal contraceptives (HC) on the risk of HIV transmission from an HIV-positive woman to an HIV-negative man. The authors reviewed 12 studies with both direct evidence on HC use and HIV transmission and indirect evidence based on such proxy measures for infectivity in women as genital shedding or plasma viral load. The review identified only one study with direct evidence that both oral contraceptive pills and injectable HCs raise HIV risk (although only the estimates for injectables are significant). The 11 studies that yielded indirect evidence were very heterogeneous in size and approach, using different methods and providing a wide range of largely inconclusive results. For example, evidence of association with genital viral shedding was inconsistent for oral contraceptives and limited for injectables. The authors strongly recommend that, given how little direct evidence is available, more research be conducted on different HCs to determine their impact on HIV transmission. They note that understanding the effect of HCs on HIV transmission is especially important to support programmatic efforts to expand contraceptive choice for women in developing countries while simultaneously promoting HIV prevention efforts.
Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, Fourth Edition.
World Health Organization. (2009).
This guide, intended for policymakers, program managers, and the scientific community, provides evidence-based recommendations on whether an individual can safely use a contraceptive method. The 2008 update includes more detailed information on ARVs.
Strengthening Family Planning in a Large-Scale PEPFAR-Supported HIV Program
FHI 360 (September 2012).
This case study discusses the Zambia Prevention, Care and Treatment Partnership (ZPCT II), a five-year project funded by the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) that integrates family planning (FP) into HIV clinical services to prevent vertical HIV transmission and reduce unintended pregnancies. Implemented by FHI 360 and several partners, ZPCT II works with the Zambian Ministry of Health to strengthen HIV clinical and prevention services at more than 380 health facilities in six provinces. At most of these sites, FP counseling is a core element of counseling and testing, prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and antiretroviral therapy services. For these and other activities—including community mobilization, provider training, and monitoring and evaluation—FP content and messages are tightly woven into service delivery. The result has been a sharp increase in client access to and use of FP; for example, the number of counseling and testing clients referred for FP rose from 75 to more than 2,500 after ZPCT II was launched. While ZPCT II has helped many women and couples living with HIV meet their contraceptive needs, time and budgetary constraints limit the project's ability to offer more than basic FP counseling and support for clients. The case study concludes by predicting that ZPCT II, which is slated to end in 2014, will likely provide essential lessons learned on FP integration to other PEPFAR-funded HIV projects.
10 Essential Steps: How to Strengthen Family Planning and HIV Service Integration
Family Health International. (2010).
This one-page document outlines 10 steps to help develop and implement an integrated family planning and HIV program. The 10 steps are: 1) generate demand for integrated services, 2) organize services, 3) ensure commodity security, 4) train providers, 5) screen all clients from an unmet need for contraception, 6) foster dual protection and dual-method use, 7) challenge provider bias, 8) reinforce referral systems, 9) strengthen skills for supportive supervision, and 10) monitor and evaluate performance.
Integration of Family Planning into HIV Counseling and Testing, Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, and Antiretroviral Therapy Services, Training Facilitator's Guide
Pathfinder International. (2010).
Designed to train practicing HIV service providers in family planning (FP) counseling and service provision for FP/HIV integration, this new training resource includes a trainer's guide, participant's guide, presentations, and job aid. Participants trained with this manual will be able to implement effective FP counseling and services for HIV counseling and testing, preventing maternal-to-child transmission of HIV, and antiretroviral therapy clients.
Rapid Assessment Tool for Sexual & Reproductive Health Linkages: A Generic Guide
IPPF, UNFPA, WHO, et al. (2009).
The objective of this tool is to assess HIV and SRH linkages at the policy, systems, and service delivery levels. It may be used to identify gaps and to guide the development of country-specific action plans to forge and strengthen these linkages.
Family Planning Discussion Topics for Voluntary Counseling and Testing: A Reference Guide for FP Counseling of Individuals, Couples, and Special Groups by Trained VCT Counselors
Pathfinder International. (2009).
This job aid provides information to help providers of HIV CT integrate FP messages into their counseling sessions.
Assessing Integration Methodology: A Handbook for Measuring and Assessing the Integration of Family Planning and Other Reproductive Health Services
Population Council & the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). (2008).
This handbook offers methodological guidance on describing, measuring, or assessing the integration of FP with other facility-based health services, including those for HIV/AIDS.
Increasing Access to Contraception for Clients with HIV: A Toolkit
USAID, FHI, & ACQUIRE Project. (2008).
This toolkit provides in-depth training and performance support materials for trainers, providers, and program managers who want to provide FP services for their clients with HIV.
HIV and Family Planning Integration in Tanzania, Building on the PEPFAR Platform to Advance Global Health
Fleischman, Janet. Center for Strategic & International Studies (July 2012).
The report describes how Tanzania was able to integrate family planning and HIV services to improve the lives of women, girls, and ultimately, their families and communities. The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) as well as the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) Office of Population and Reproductive Health and other bilateral programs worked together to increase the access and availability of health services targeting women and adolescents. The authors note the successes and challenges of the program, and state that the approach could be replicated and scaled up in other countries.
Update to CDC's U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2010: Revised Recommendations for the Use of Hormonal Contraception Among Women at High Risk for HIV Infection or Infected with HIV
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (June 2012).
These revised recommendations by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) affirm previous guidance stating that there is no definitive link between hormonal contraceptives and an increased link of HIV infection among women, and that all women who use contraceptive methods other than condoms should be counseled on condom use and prevention of sexually transmitted infections. This report follows a thorough review by the CDC of recent studies examining this link. The CDC concludes, as does the World Health Organization, that women at risk for HIV infection or HIV-positive women can continue to use all hormonal contraceptive methods without restriction. This revision does include a clarification for women at high risk for HIV infection who use progestin-only injectables about the inconclusive nature of the evidence regarding the association between use of these injectables and HIV acquisition. It also stresses the importance of condom use and other HIV prevention measures, outlines the various contraceptive methods, and recommends the use of a contraceptive method mix.
Hormonal Contraception and HIV: Technical Statement
World Health Organization. (2012).
WHO convened a meeting from January 31 to February 1, 2012, with 75 key stakeholders to review recent epidemiological evidence on the effects of hormonal contraception on HIV transmission and acquisition. One of the goals of the meeting was to determine if the Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, Fourth Edition (2009) guidelines should be modified in light of the new evidence. It was found through the thorough review of existing evidence that WHO should continue to recommend that there be no restrictions on the use of any hormonal contraceptive method for women living with HIV or at high risk of HIV. However, a clarification is added stating that women who use progestogen-only injectable contraception should also always use a male or female condom correctly because there is conflicting evidence on the increased risk of HIV acquisition. The paper also provides sections summarizing the evidence and listing recommendations based on that evidence.
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WHO Upholds Guidance on Hormonal Contraceptive Use and HIV
World Health Organization. (2012).
WHO note on the results of the technical guidance on hormonal contraception and HIV.
View Note
USAID Communication to the Field (February 21, 2012): WHO Expert Consultation Assessing Evidence on Hormonal Contraception and HIV
USAID's message sent to all Missions regarding the technical guidance outcome on hormonal contraception and HIV.
View Statement (PDF, 106 KB)
Global HIV/AIDS Response. Epidemic Update and Health Sector Progress Towards Universal Access. 2011 UNAIDS Progress Report.
Chapter 7.3 provides a global overview and update on preventing unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV.
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Implementation of Global Health Initiative: Consultation Document
The Obama administration wishes to strengthen global health around the world. In this 2012 document, goals on HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, neglected tropical diseases, maternal and child health, family planning and reproductive health, and nutrition are outlined. The new model for the U.S. Government global health assistance program has dedicated $63 billion over six years, an unprecedented level. The implementation of the model began in 2010. One of its goals is to move from an emergency response to a sustainable, country-owned effort. An emphasis on having a woman- and girl-centered approach is a guiding principle. Other principles include increasing the impact through strategic coordination and integration; strengthening and leveraging key multilateral organizations, global health partnerships, and private sector engagement; encouraging country ownership and investing in country-led plans; building sustainability through health systems strengthening; improving metrics, monitoring, and evaluation; and promoting research and innovation. Criteria on how countries will be selected are listed, and up to 20 countries will be chosen by fiscal year 2014.
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PEPFAR Country Operation Plans FY 2012 Technical Considerations
The technical considerations document is to be used by the PEPFAR Technical Working Groups for program planning purposes. It is not to be used as policy guidance or required criteria for programs. For family planning (FP) and contraceptive use, PEPFAR is highly supportive of providing integrated FP and HIV services. "What's New for 2012" calls for an increased focus on integration, specifically integrating family planning services into HIV and maternal, neonatal, and child health programs. In addition, there are sections on integration of maternal child health and family planning, family planning and safer pregnancy counseling, prevention for people living with HIV, preventing mother-to-child transmission, and HIV-free survival.
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What Will it Take to Achieve Virtual Elimination of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV? An Assessment of Current Progress and Future Needs
Mahy, M., Stover, J., Kiragu, K., et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections (2010), Vol. 86, pp. ii48-ii55.
The paper describes five different preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) scenarios to estimate their results in the reduction of infant infections from 2010 to 2015. The World Health Organization's (WHO's) goal for its new PMTCT guidelines is to virtually eliminate mother-to-child transmission, which is defined as less than 5 percent transmission of HIV from mother to child or 90 percent reduction of infections among young children by 2015. Data was used from 25 countries with the largest number of HIV-positive pregnant women. Two software packages, Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) and Spectrum, were used to compute the results. The five scenarios were: 1) no PMTCT services; 2) WHO's 2009 recommendations are implemented through 2015; 3) in 2010, women currently on antiretrovirals (ARVs) were switched to the 2010 WHO recommended regime of starting ARVs at 14 weeks or earlier and continuing throughout breastfeeding; 4) included data from number 3 plus ensured that incidence was reduced by half for women of reproductive age and met all unmet need for family planning; 5) in addition to number 4, the average length of time for breastfeeding was reduced to one year. It was found that even in the best scenario (scenario number 5) that new child infections would be reduced by 79 percent among the 25 countries. Thus, although the reductions shown in some of the scenarios are positive, the 90 percent reduction in new child infections will be challenging to achieve. Enormous gains have been made in the last 10 years of PMTCT, but huge strides must be made if new pediatric infections are to be eliminated by 2015.
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The Case for Integrating Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Services: Evidence, Policy Support, and Programmatic Experience
Family Health International. (2010).
Eight short policy briefs summarize the current state of integration between the family planning (FP) and HIV/AIDS fields. The briefs highlight recent developments in FP/HIV integration, including changes in the policy environment, new programmatic examples, and the latest operations research results. Some briefs include links to additional key tools and resources.
Making the Case for Interventions Linking Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV in Proposals to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
World Health Organization. (2010).
This report provides the rationale for seven different interventions to HIV programming that can make good programs better through a holistic approach to HIV. Among these interventions is "PMTCT-Plus," which includes integrating family planning into services to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
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A Practical Guide to Integrating Reproductive Health and HIV/AIDS into Grant Proposals to the Global Fund
Hardee, K., Gay, J., & Dunn-Georgiou, E. (2009).
This document provides help to countries and organizations in integrating reproductive health, including family planning and HIV/AIDS, in proposals submitted to the Global Fund. Grounded in the research, programmatic, and policy literature on linkages and integration, this document addresses the following: 1) What is integration?; 2) Given a country's context, what policies and programs could be linked and integrated?; 3) What are the implementation challenges to integration to be aware of when writing a proposal?; and 4) How can integration be monitored and evaluated? In addition to providing evidence that integration makes a difference to HIV/AIDS outcomes, it also provides examples from country programs and the integration components of successful Round 8 proposals.
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Strategic Considerations for Strengthening the Linkages between Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Policies, Programs, and Services
World Health Organization, USAID, and Family Health International. (2009).
This document is designed to help program planners, implementers, and managers, including government officials and other country-level stakeholders, make appropriate decisions about whether to pursue the integration of family planning and HIV services. It also explains how to approach integration in a strategic and systematic manner in order to achieve maximum public health benefit. Links are given to resources that will support implementation, such as facility assessment tools, training curricula, and job aids.
Resources for HIV/AIDS and Sexual and Reproductive Health Integration
Johns Hopkins University-Center for Communication Programs. (2010).
A selected collection of documents and other materials that reflect field experience and the latest thinking of the health community on the integration of HIV and sexual and reproductive health services.
Strategic Approaches to the Prevention of HIV Infection in Infants
World Health Organization. (2003).
The report is based on a WHO meeting convened in March 2002 in Morges, Switzerland, to discuss the optimal approach to prevent HIV infection in infants. The goal of the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS was to reduce the proportion of infants infected by HIV by 20 percent by 2005 and by 50 percent by 2010. The approach decided upon during the meeting includes four pillars: 1) improving primary prevention to reduce overall HIV infection rates; 2) strengthening the prevention of unintended pregnancies among HIV-infected women; 3) improving the prevention of HIV transmission from HIV-infected women to their children; and 4) increasing care to HIV-infected mothers and their infants.
View Full Report


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War of 1812: The Gantlet — run for your life!Written by Frank Kuron | | firstname.lastname@example.com
Have you ever been to an authentic Polish wedding? If so, you probably partook in a festive dance called the Grand March.
Couples snake across the dance floor in a long line to the beat of Notre Dame's fight song. When the weaving stops, the pairs form parallel columns, and the last couple in line has to pass under the arch of all the upraised arms ahead of them. Naughty twosomes randomly drop their locked limbs and ensnare the runners, knowing that the only escape is a kiss for the trapper of the opposite sex. Although the scent of dozens of exposed, polka-infused shoulder hollows could be considered torturous, it simply doesn't compare with what history records to have transpired when a person ran between two rows of people in the past.
When you hear the term "running the gantlet," do you first think of the Native American accounts of its use? It seems embedded in our culture that this torture was something the Indians designed and used on captives. However, the truth is that this practice goes back to antiquity.
The earliest stories of its purpose come from ancient Rome. Marcus Crassus was one who decimated —meaning he put to death one tenth of his legion for the cowardice shown during the gladiator wars against the renowned Spartacus. Units of ten men would cast lots and the loser was forced to run between two rows of the remaining nine, who beat him with clubs until he died.
Since that time, running the gantlet has been adopted as punishment in versions either gentler or nastier by Germany, Russia, Sweden and numerous other countries. Some cultures used it as a light deterrent where the captive or criminal was absolved of wrongdoing after surviving a moderate whipping.
The British employed the gantlet run as corporal punishment in their military during the American Revolution and in their Royal Navy through the War of 1812.
Typically, an officer would lead, pace and point a sword at the accused as he made his way between the attacking columns. Another officer followed behind, similarly deterring an escape. Rawhides, tree limbs or ropes were used to whip the victim as he passed. Sometimes the ropes were unraveled into their nine main strands, and knotted several times at the ends, becoming the painful cat-o'-nine-tails whip.
Though impossible to prove, it would seem that the Native Americans may have learned this form of persecution from the Europeans they encountered, and used it in with various degrees of violence through the War of 1812. Such famous captives as Daniel Boone and Simon Kenton were subjected to it and survived during the late 1700s. But one of the most famous incidents of its use by Indians was in the ruins of Fort Miamis, in Maumee, during a siege of Fort Meigs in 1813.
Here, several hundred U.S. troops were taken prisoner by the British and Indians. British General Henry Proctor turned a blind eye to the Indians' torture of these prisoners, which included the running of a 60-foot-long gantlet lined by warriors armed with clubs, tomahawks, scalping knives and guns.
U.S. General Leslie Combs was one of the runners: "In doing this I was not touched, although the man ahead of me was shot down and fell across my way. I leapt over his body and went through double-quick. I was near Tecumseh when he made his speech … whereby hundreds of prisoners were saved — of whom I was one."
Tecumseh arrived with the gantlet already in progress, and proved his character by halting the action with a ferocious rebuke of his men and Proctor.
Frank McQueary of Toledo is mighty grateful for Tecumseh's integrity and timely arrival that day, as otherwise he wouldn't have been born to tout the greatest adventure of his great-great-grandfather, John McQueary, who was one of those prisoners spared from running that deadly course.
Let's hope that running the gantlet will never again mean running for your life, but only be a metaphor for getting through a series of difficulties, or the opportunity to snatch a kiss at your friend's wedding.
Frank Kuron is author of the War of 1812 book, "Thus Fell Tecumseh." Email him at email@example.com
Bugle Call: Upcoming events
OVisit Fort Meigs on July 4 when War of 1812 soldiers and civilians will re-create the July 4 of 1813 through cannon firings, demonstrations and hands-on activities for children. At 2 p.m. an 18-gun National Salute accompanied by toasts and fife and drum music will take place. Throughout the weekend, a War of 1812 living history encampment, weapons demonstrations and more will occur.
Visit: www.fortmeigs.org or call (419) 874-4121 for complete details about all upcoming events.
Tags: Frank McQueary, General Henry Proctor, John McQueary, Marcus Crassus, Tecumseh, U.S. General Leslie Combs, War of 1812

subset: commoncrawl


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vs. Grand Rapids Griffins
Allstate Arena
7:00 p.m.
To watch or listen to the action live online, click here
--- BRETT STERLING: Held off the scoresheet in Saturday's overtime loss, snapping a season-high 10-game point streak (8G, 8A) ... Potted his AHL-leading 52nd goal of the season on Friday, which is tied for the fifth-highest single-season total in franchise history ... Leads the league with 21 power-play markers and ranks second with 93 points and 262 shots in 72 tilts
--- DARREN HAYDAR: Leads the AHL with a career-high 111 points, the most by a Chicago player in 10 years and the fifth-highest single-season total in franchise history ... Held off the scoresheet in just nine of his 68 matchups with the Wolves this season, which includes Saturday's loss .. Paces the league with a career-best 73 assists - the third-highest total in club history - and ranks fourth with a career-most 38 goals
--- JASON KROG: Held without a point on Saturday, which ended an 11-game point streak and just the second time in 39 games with the Wolves he has not found the scoresheet ... Recorded multiple points 20 times with Chicago ... Ranks fifth in the AHL with a career-most 46 assists and 10th with a career-high 71 points despite playing in just 39 contests
--- MARK POPOVIC: Paced Wolves defensemen with four goals and 10 points in 14
outings during the month of March ... Netted his career-best 15th goal of the season on Saturday, which shares third among AHL blueliners ... Shares 10th among league defensemen with 37 points in 60 games, one shy of matching the career-high 38 points he racked up in 73 tilts with Chicago last season
For complete team statistics, click here
The Wolves clinched a spot in the 2007 Calder Cup Playoffs by earning a point in Saturday's 2-1 overtime loss in Grand Rapids on Saturday. Chicago has reached the playoffs 12 times in its 13 seasons, which includes five trips to the finals and three league titles (1998 and 2000 Turner Cups and 2002 Calder Cup). With five games left on its regular-season slate, Chicago currently holds the top spot in the West Division, two points ahead of Omaha, which holds three games in hand.
--- Two of Chicago's five remaining regular-season tilts are against third-place Milwaukee, which trails the Wolves by just four points; the Admirals have posted a 6-1-1-0 record in this year's season series against the Wolves.
--- The Wolves have been held to just one goal in each of their last two games; the squad paces the AHL with a franchise-record 310 goals, 29 more than the next closest club.
--- Saturday marked Chicago's third overtime loss this season; the squad has posted a 5-3 record in games decided in overtime this season and a 1-6 mark in the shootout.
--- The Wolves lost on Saturday in Grand Rapids despite leading after the second period, just the sixth time this season the squad paced an opponent after 40 minutes and did not post a victory (35-3-1-2).
--- Defenseman BRIAN SIPOTZ leads the AHL with a +32 plus/minus rating; ex-Wolves forward NIKLAS ANDERSSON set a franchise record with a +33 plus/minus rating during the 2000-01 season.
--- The Wolves have been blanked on the power-play in the last two games, the first time in 70 contests the squad has been held without a man-advantage marker in consecutive outings.
Skates, the Wolves mascot, will be out and about in the neighborhood visiting select houses between April 5 and April 11 as part of the team's "Skates Spring Basket Delivery." Fans interested in sending someone a surprise visit from Skates, along with a personalized spring-themed 8 x 10 autographed photo of their favorite Wolves player and more can sign up on chicagowolves.com or by calling 1-800- THE WOLVES.
Sat., March 31
(at) Grand Rapids 2, Chicago 1 (OT)
--- Chicago led 1-0 after 40 minutes of play but surrendered two goals, including the game-winner with 54 seconds remaining in overtime, as it dropped a 2-1 decision against the Grand Rapids Griffins at Van Andel Arena
--- Defenseman MARK POPOVIC netted the Wolves' lone tally with assists from forwards NIKO DIMITRAKOS and CORY LAROSE
--- Goaltender MICHAEL GARNETT registered 33 saves on 35 shots
Fri., March 30
Milwaukee 5, (at) Chicago 1
--- The Milwaukee Admirals pulled ahead of the Wolves with a late first-period short-handed goal and never looked back, earning a 5-1 win at the Allstate Arena
--- Left wing BRETT STERLING potted Chicago's only goal with linemates DARREN HAYDAR and JASON KROG posting assists
--- Netminder FRED BRATHWAITE posted 19 saves
Wed., March 28
(at) Chicago 5, Manitoba 2
--- The Wolves broke a 2-2 tie late in the second period with three straight goals en route to a 5-2 victory against the Manitoba Moose at the Allstate Arena
--- Center JASON KROG's two-goal effort led a pack of five Wolves that tallied two points
--- Goaltender FRED BRATHWAITE accrued 26 saves on 28 shots


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What CPU on the Intel side is better then the i7 4770K? Haswell? 1150 socket?
Need to upgrade my CPU so that it can do 2 to 3 transcoding streams at once (my current can hardly do one, to be clear, my listed specs is not my streaming PC). What would be the best option?


text:
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After a game of hard-hitting Cleveland Browns action, you like to go in your backyard and play a little football with your buddies. It sounds great, but once that full-size football crashes through one of your windows or slams into your precious grill, that smile on your face will quickly disappear. That's why you should always have this Browns soft touch mini football from Wilson on hand. Featuring a debossed Browns logo and team name on one side, and the NFL Shield on the other, this soft football will let you play all you want – without breaking anything!
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Library Advisory Boards are established by individual cities that have annexed to the King County Library System (KCLS). Members of these community boards are appointed by and serve in an advisory capacity to city officials on matters regarding the KCLS community library they represent.
- Laurie Beden (Term Expires: 2015)
- Lynne King (Term Expires: 2014)
- Catherine Ploue-Smith (Term Expires: 2016)
- Erica Richey (Term Expires: 2013)
- Suzi Ure (Term Expires: 2017)
Questions? John Sheller at 425-203-7931 or firstname.lastname@example.com


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Home Future StudentsCurrent StudentsFaculty & StaffPatientsAlumni
A-Z Index | Find a Health Care Provider
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Tom Blumenthal, PhDExecutive Director
Linda Crnic Institute for Down SyndromeResearch Complex 2Room P15-4014Mail Stop 8608 12700 E 19th Ave.Aurora, CO 80045Phone: 303-724-6599 Fax: 303-724-5741
Learn about the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome's research.
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Vacuum cleaning systems that offer the best cleaning ability – is that what you are seeking? It's also likely that you believe that cleaning ability is related to power or suction. Actually, it's not. While there's no single factor that determines the cleaning ability of the vacuum cleaner you use, understanding how vacuums work and how you can help maintain your vacuum cleaner to perform its best is important. Changing your vacuum cleaner bag is an important step in maintaining the efficiency of your vacuum cleaner. While most vacuum cleaners come with an indicator to help you determine when your cleaner's dust bag needs to be changed, you can perform a check yourself to see if it is over 50% full as that's when you need to replace it. Don't wait until the dust bag in your vacuum cleaner is completely full as it can reduce the suction and cleaning capacity of your vacuum cleaning system. If you use your vacuum cleaner frequently, it is recommended that you change vacuum cleaner bags once a month, especially if you are cleaning a large area over 2000 square feet or if your pet sheds a lot.
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text: i have the paper back version of this book and im curious why they have train which im asuming is blain. my question is why is train blue and not pink? I cant understand y the people who designed the cover made it blue instead. in the book they clearly say that blain is a pink monorail. could someone please explain to me why this is?


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Carolyn Stauffer
Office Phone: (540) 432-4453
Main Campus, Harrisonburg
Office Location: RLN 225
Assistant Professor
Applied Social Sciences Dept, MA in Biomedicine, and MA in Organizational Leadership
Carolyn Stauffer has taught at the graduate and undergraduate levels at 2 higher education institutions on the African continent and holds a Doctorate in Sociology from the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa. She has lived and worked in Africa (16 years), the Middle East (17 years) and has also engaged in various short-term assignments in North America, Europe and the Caribbean. As a veteran in cross-cultural settings, Stauffer is an agile educator whose pedagogy exemplifies the integration of both left and right brain educational approaches that pervade in our postmodern and global world.
Stauffer's research interests include Intersectionality theory applications, social capital formation and enhancement strategies, and violence mitigation within intimate and domestic domains. Undergirding Stauffer's academic pursuits has been a rich tapestry of work experiences in the human service and humanitarian aid arenas. While in the U.S., Stauffer worked in the mental health field in the Shenandoah Valley as well as researching urban demographics amongst marginalized center-city communities in Richmond, Virginia. During her decade and a half in Africa, Stauffer worked under the auspices of MCC, an international relief and development organization with development and emergency assistance training initiatives that took her from the southern-most tip of the continent (Cape Town) to the outlaying eastern parts of Uganda (Jinja).
During her time in South Africa, Stauffer worked as an organizational development consultant (with NGOs and blue chip companies undergoing dramatic post-Apartheid workplace diversity shifts), in the domestic and gender-based violence field (as a senior trauma counselor and public relations officer for a rape crisis support center), and as a community development specialist (and founding member of a Soweto-based HIV/AIDS Program servicing AIDS infected or affected communities living in the informal settlements surrounding Johannesburg). Stauffer weaves the depth and breadth of these many and varied experiences into her decade of teaching.
Carolyn is married to CJP professor Dr. Carl Stauffer, and together they have had the privilege of raising two university-age children. Carolyn is fluent in Hebrew, loves dance, music and art, and enjoys all things creative, imaginative and off the beaten track.
PhD in Sociology
July 2010
• University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
M.A. in Public Administration
February 1990
• Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
B.A. in Social Work
May 1984
• Eastern Mennonite College, Harrisonburg VA
"Gendermainstreaming in War & Peace: Panacea, Band-Aid or First Step?", Conference Paper: VCU – Women, War & Peace Conference. Richmond, VA: Sept 20-21, 2013.
"Africa: Fast Forwarding into the Future." FutureTakes: Transcultural Futurist Magazine. Washington, DC: vol.6, no.1, Spring 2007.
"Shifting Paradigms: Engaging in Peaceful Change in Southern Africa", MCC Peace Office, July-October, 2008 (co-editor).
Riding Waves of Change: Women in Church Leadership, VBI Publications: Southern Africa, Working Papers: August 2007.
"Peace Pathways Newsletters", Regional Peace Network, www.mcc.org/southafrica/peacepathways , 2005 – 2010 (co-editor).
"Nurturing the Tree of Peace", MCC Peace Office, Jan-March, Vol.32-1, 2002 (co-author).
Presenter: "Peace Building in Intimate Domains: Domestic Violence Unveiled"
June 5, 2014
Pacific Center for Peacebuilding, Suva, Fiji
Co-presenter: "A Subversive Shalom: Enacting Radical Peace"
Feb 1, 2014
Intercollegiate Peace Fellowship Conference, EMU Harrisonburg, VA
Plenary Speaker: "Christ in the Public Square: Transformational Development?"
February 1-3, 2013
• Calvin College, Faith and International Development Conference, Grand Rapids, Michigan
Presenter: "The Interplay Between Development and Gender Empowerment Issues: Where to From Here?"
February 2010
• Calvin College, Faith and International Development Conference, Grand Rapids, Michigan
Presenter: "Patterns of Social Reciprocity in the New South Africa"
September 4-5, 2009
• University of the Witwatersrand, Post Graduate University Colloquium, Johannesburg, South Africa
Keynote Address: "Teen Sexuality Unzipped"
September 24, 2009
• South African Department of Education, National Conference: Life & Love at Schools, Bedfordview, South Africa
Presenter: "Betwixt and Between: Gauteng's Black Professionals at the Nexus of Contradictory Class Locations?"
June 22-25, 2009
• University of Johannesburg, Comprehending Class Conference, Johannesburg, South Africa
Title:"The Secret Life of Accidental Heroes", Eastern Mennonite University: Baccalaureate Address, April 26, 2014.
Title:"Truth-telling in Intimate Domains: Domestic Violence Unzipped", CJP Summer Peacebuilding Institute – Frontier Luncheon, May 20, 2014.
Title:"Learning Cultural Intelligence", TranSend Orientation, Virginia Mennonite Conference, July 15, 2013.
Title:"Stereotypes that Divide: Understanding that Builds Relationship", Panelist, EMU Dialogue Sessions, Harrisonburg VA, April 8, 2013.
Title:"Miss Representation: Imaging Women in Leadership", Panelist, EMU EMSWA Event, Harrisonburg VA, March 14, 2013.
Title:"Faith: Vision Impossible?", EMU Chapel Speaker, Harrisonburg VA, August 31, 2012.
Title:"Cross Cultural Communication: Deconstructing Assuptions and Reconstructing Shared Space", TranSend Program:Virginia Mennonite Conference, Harrisonburg VA, July 17, 2012.
Title:"Global Citizenship", Panel Member, Third Culture Discussion, EMU, Harrisonburg, VA, March 15, 2012.
Title:"Sex, Power, and Lost Wonder: Re-Imaging the Possibilities", Speaker, Take Back the Night: EMU Chapel Service, Harrisonburg VA, October 2, 2011.
Title: "The Origins and Impacts of Porn Addiction", Session for EMU Student Women's Association, Northlawn 4th floor, 7:00-9:00 p.m., March 23, 2011.
Title: "Doing Peace: Here and Now", Chapel Service, Eastern Mennonite High School, 9:50-10:10, March 11, 2011.
One-on-One Interview for TV3 –WHSV: "The Middle East and Libya", 7:00 p.m. News, Harrisonburg, VA., February 23, 2011.
Title: "Politics and Protest: What's Going on in the Middle East", Panelist, campus-wide discussion sponsored by SMRI and EMU's Peace Fellowship, 8:00-10:00 p.m., EMU Common Grounds, February 23, 2011.
Title: "Representations of Race and Gender in Mass Media & Popular Culture", Session in Pop Culture & Mass Communication course, EMU Library 105, 11:40-12:30, November 19, 2010.
Title: "Land, Labor and Livelihoods: Peoples' Movements in South Africa"
Session for 'Power to the People' Kennesaw State University Exhibit, EMU Common Grounds, 11:30-12:30, November 15, 2010.
Title: "South Africa's Dialogue on Race and Diversity", EMU DORD Chapel, 10:00-10:30 a.m., November 10, 2010.
Title: "There is Life in the Water: Ezekiel 47", Parkview Mennonite Church, Devotional, 12:45-1:30, November 3, 2010.
Title: "Transforming Society: Revolution, Evolution or Devolution; Conversations on Constructing and Deconstructing Change", Session for Bible/Religion PXD Capstone course, EMU, 3:50-5:05 , October 21, 2010.
Title: "The Gulf Oil Spill: Accountability, Action, and Faith", Interdisciplinary Panel on Sustainability, EMU Common Grounds, 10:40-11:30, September 29, 2010.
Title: "Paradigms of Collective Life: Reflections on the Mennonite and
Anabaptist Experience", ACRS Seminar, EMU Brunk House Conference Rm, 4:00-5:30 p.m., March 23, 2010.
Title:"Social Capital: Past, Present & Future", Session for PXD 585 International Development course, EMU, 7:00-9:30 p.m., March 17, 2010.
Title:"Teen Addiction and Recovery: Mastering the Gauntlet", Ignite Youth, Johannesburg, South Africa, May 2009.
Title:"Campus Sexuality: Views, Values, and Volition", WITS University, Johannesburg, South Africa, March 2009.
Title:"Raising Teens: Unlocking Mysteries of the Teen Zone", His People Church, Johannesburg, South Africa, September 2008.
Title:"Family of Origin Dynamics: Rift, Drift, or Shift?", His People Church, Johannesburg, South Africa, May 2008.
- Principle Investigator, The Silent Violence Project
- Board Member, Valley Aids Network (VAN)
- Mentor, EMU Honors Mentorship Program
- Member, EMU Humanitarian Studies Task Force
- Member, EMU Graduate Leadership Task Force
- Member, EMU Pre-Professional Health Committee
- Member, UNESCO Regional Centers of Expertise on Education for Sustainable Development: Shenandoah Valley, VA
• Certified Trainer, Appreciative Inquiry, Case Western University
• Member, World Future Society, Washington DC
• Editorial Board, FutureTakes (e-journal)
• Founding Member, Emthonjeni HIV/AIDS Program, Soweto, South Africa
• Founding Member, Rape Crisis Support Center, Johannesburg, South Africa
Courses brand new to EMU:
- Biomedicine Practicum, BIOMED program, Summer 2014
- Transdisciplinary Seminar IV, BIOMED program, co-taught Spring 2014
- Leadership for Peacebuilding, CJP/WPLP program, Summer 2013
- Research in Biomedicine, BIOMED program, Summer 2013
- Sociology of Health, DASS, Spring 2013
- Biomedicine Seminar I , BIOMED, co-taught Fall 2012
New courses taught in the past 3 years:
Conflict, Violence and Terrorism, DASS, Spring 2011; Introduction to Sociology, DASS, Spring 2011; Environment and Society, DASS, Fall 2010; Social Stratification, DASS, Fall 2010; Theories for Social Change, DASS, Fall 2010; Cultural Perspectives, ADCP, Summer 2010; Food and Population, BIOL, Spring 2010


text:
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This delicate, lyric solo is presented here for C instrument with CD accompaniment. A version for C instrument, piano and string quartet is also available. It is sure to find a special place in...
This is a straightforward yet beautiful arrangement of the famous tune. It will require sensitive musicianship and good technique, but is such a fine piece, it practically plays itself.


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See how H&H assistant design editor Kai Ethier transformed her dated kitchen on a budget. Learn her tricks for creating a Parisian bistro look for less, from affordable butcherblock counters and repurposed open shelving to apartment-sized appliances and made-over dining chairs.
See more of this kitchen in our 2012 Kitchens & Baths special issue.
Carpentry, Matt Carlson, Construction Studio, (416) 698-6867 or Constructionstudio.ca; electrical work, RK Power Electric, (416) 315-0833; plumbing, George Milanis, Federal Plumbing, (416) 828-5361.
Kitchen: Cabinets, Habitat for Humanity ReStore, (416) 755-7353 or Torontohabitat.ca; floor tile, backsplash tile, Urban Zebra (416) 916-3601 or Urbanzebra.ca; radiant floor heating, Nuheat, 1-800-778-9276 or Nuheat.com; appliances, Electrolux, 1-800-668-4606 or Electrolux.ca; sink, tea towel, beige stoneware, countertop, mortar and pestle, Ikea, 1-866-866-IKEA or Ikea.com; colander, painting at sink, watering can, brass tin, bird paintings, Cynthia Findlay Antiques, (416) 260-9057 or Cynthiafindlay.com; black tray, black pot (with fern), Indaba, visit Indabatrading.com; salt cellar, pepper grinder, cookie jar, Crate & Barrel, 1-888-657-4108 or Crateandbarrel.ca; oils, Whole Foods Market, Wholefoodsmarket.com; tea towel, dish soap, La Merceria, (416) 848-0057 or Lamerceria.ca; faucet, Moen, 1-800-465-0279 or Moen.ca; hardware, Lee Valley Tools, 1-800-267-8767 or Leevalley.com; exterior cabinet colour, Light Blue (22), interior cabinet colour, Dove Tale (267), Farrow & Ball, 1-877-363-1040 or Farrow-ball.com.
Dining area: Artwork by Kris Knight, Katherine Mulherin Contemporary Art Projects, (416) 993-6510 or Katharinemulherin.com; bench, Barrymore Furniture, (416) 532-2891 or Barrymorefurniture.com; chair and pillow fabric, Kravet Canada (to the trade), 1-800-535-3258 or Kravetcanada.com; napkins, La Merceria, as above; mugs, Ikea, as above; wall colour, Light Blue (22), ceiling colour, All White (2005), trim colour, Dove Tale (267), Farrow & Ball, as above; lights, Elte, (416) 785-7885 or Elte.com; landscape painting (far right) Penney & Co. (905) 493-7300 or Michaelpenneystyle.com.


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On March 22, 2012, former President of the United States George Bush Sr. stopped in and ate at the Hill Country BBQ in Hempstead, TX. Hill Country BBQ is owned and operated by Jo Ellen Hedgecock Hill, a 1993 graduate of Antlers High School. She is the daughter of Raymond Jr. and Audrey Hedgecock of Antlers. Mr. Bush gave Jo Ellen a U.S. President Brooch and her husband Dan a set of U.S. President cuff links.
[1] http://www.theantlersamerican.com/sites/default/files/Prez Bush Sr.jpg


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Home >
Brooklyn >
Academics >
Faculty >
Faculty Profiles >
Scerbinski, Vincent
Acting Chair, Associate Professor of Accounting
A.B., Fairfield UniversityM.B.A., St. John's University
Professor Vincent S. Scerbinski, CPA, practiced in the private sector for over 20 years. He currently provides pro-bono accounting services to several East End charitable and nonprofit organizations. His research interests include the relationship between land use practice and property taxes.
Tax Planning, Managerial Accounting, Financial Statement Analysis
Return to Faculty Profiles
1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, New York 11201-8423 | Telephone: 718-488-1011


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Friday, March 22, 2013 - 5:30pm - 7:30pm
Kick off the weekend with J. Lohr. The J. Lohr after-hours
wine bar will be open on the last four Fridays of March with wine by the glass and selected cheese plates available for purchase. Each week will feature a special flight of four wines (2 oz pours) specially paired with four gourmet cheeses provided by The Little Cheese Shoppe of San Pedro Market Square. Wine and cheese flights will be available for $15 with advance ticket purchase only. Table seating is limited but can be reserved with purchase of the Wine & Cheese flight ($15). Walk-ins are welcome, but cheese and table availability is not guaranteed.
View menu here
J. Lohr San Jose Wine Center
1000 Lenzen Avenue, San Jose, CA 95126


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Hollywood Movies, Trailers, Pictures, News & DVDs
Movie Description(Click Here To Hide)
The love story of a man who is killed and comes back with the help of a spiritual advisor to solve his own murder and protect his lover. Patrick Swayze & Demi Moore star in the lead roles as the murder victim and the woman he wants to protect, respectively, while Whoop Goldberg plays a psychic who aids in his mission. Written by Bruce Joel Rubin and directed by Jerry Zucker.
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New Releases
Popular Movies
Movie News
Movie Picture for Ghost
Photo Credit: Paramount Pictures
Tags: Ghost, Demi Moore
Images from the fantasy romance/mystery film Ghost (1990)


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The Slim & Secure is a convenient and safe way to monitor your baby's activity! Its clever design allows clear audio monitoring without taking up counter space.
- 100% digital technology for a connection up to 650' range
- Blue LED sound lights to both see and hear baby's every sound
- 10-hour rechargeable battery
- Out-of-range indicator
- Low battery indicator
- Belt clip for monitoring on-the-go


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New England District
The New England District is in the Northeast region and encompasses Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine and Rhode Island.
Our active fleets are in Rockport MA, Duxbury Bay, MA, Lake Quannapowitt in Wakefield MA, Cape Cod in Brewster, MA, Cape Cod in Harwichport, MA, and Lake Massapoag in Sharon MA, Lake Massabesic in Manchester, New Hampshire that is growing, and Spofford Lake in Spofford, NH, trying to make a go of it.
Our District Governor is Skip Montello from Rockport, MA, and the New England District is the home to FSSA Commodore and Web Editor Diane Kampf.
Follow Fleet 76 on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/groups/Massapaog/
Upcoming Events
08/22/15New Hampshire
09/11/15 - 09/13/15Massachusetts
09/19/15 - 09/20/15New Hampshire
Regatta Results
2014 Chaos Cup - Quannapowitt Yacht Club, Wakefield, MA
Saturday, October 18, 2014
2014 Massapoag Yacht Club 65th Annual Regatta - Sharon, MA
Friday, September 5, 2014 - Sunday, September 7, 2014
2014 New England Districts - Sandy Bay YC, Rockport, MA
Saturday, July 26, 2014
2013 Chaos Cup at Quannapowitt YC in Wakefield, MA
Saturday, October 19, 2013
2013 Massapoag Yacht Club 64th Annual Regatta
Saturday, September 7, 2013 - Sunday, September 8, 2013


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Northern Arizona Lumberjacks
NAU wins first road game of the season at UC Davis
DAVIS, Calif. (AP) � Gabe Rogers scored 27 points and Dewayne Russell added 25 points as Northern Arizona spoiled UC Davis' home opener Sunday, winning 85-82.
Ephraim Ekanem added 12 points for the Lumberjacks (1-2), who gave up the game's first five points but took the lead for good at 11-10 on Russell's 3-pointer. UC Davis (0-2) got the lead down to 81-80 with 1:24 to play, but Rogers and Russell each hit a pair of free throws for NAU.
Corey Hawkins, a transfer from Arizona State playing in his second game for UC Davis, led all scorers with 30 points. Ryan Sypkens scored 25 on 9-of-13 shooting and Ryan Howley had 10 points and nine rebounds for the Aggies.
Most Popular
NAU Audio
- Bearing Down with Adam and Jarrett - 9/4 - Wednesday September 4The guys discuss NAU win, non-conference foes and UNLV.
- The Oddcast - March 8, 2013 - Friday March 8The Cardinals move from Flagstaff, baseball moves onto the world stage and Richard Sherman moves to
- Jack Murphy, Men's Basketball Coach at NAU - Tuesday November 27Jack Murphy joined 'Bearing Down with Adam and Jarrett' to talk about his journey towards being a he


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eBay and You:
eBay and You:
Together, we can reduce our environmental impact.
Video could not be played. Please make sure Adobe Flash is enabled and updated or upgrade your browser.
Took the pledge on Patagonia.com? Confirm your account
Every new thing carries an environmental cost, no matter how thoughtfully it's made. But together - as a shopper (you), producer (Patagonia) and marketplace (eBay) - we can reduce consumption and resource depletion by buying what's already made, or selling what we no longer use.
Here's how it works: You choose to buy only what you need and Patagonia agrees to build products that last. eBay creates a new storefront for used Patagonia gear. When you join us and take our Pledge, your pre-owned Patagonia listings become eligible for inclusion in the Patagonia Common Threads Partnership store on eBay and in the used clothing section on Patagonia.comTake the pledge


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U.S. agricultural exports benefit the U.S. balance of trade and compete for market share in the global market. Brazil is the world's second largest soybean exporter after the United States and one of the most important U.S. competitors in the world oilseeds market. Brazil's competitiveness in the world market depends largely on its transportation infrastructure and cost. Mexico is the third largest destination of U.S. agricultural exports after China and Canada. The United States buys about 80 percent of all Mexican exports. These market reports provide the latest transportation costs, volumes, and other market developments in Brazil and Mexico. Additional reports include analysis of the modal share of U.S. grain and soybean exports to Mexico and the impact of the Panama Canal expansion.
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The Complete Photo Guide to Felting is the ULTIMATE reference for all methods of felting--a comprehensive guide for the casual fiber enthusiast and experienced felt designer alike.
You'll find complete instructions for:
If you are just a beginner, you'll find learning easy with the step-by-step instructions, photos, and charts that teach you the basics and far beyond. Detailed analysis of various fibers provides a foundation for in-depth study of felting techniques for the experienced felter who wants to know more. An extensive gallery of felted pieces by many artists exhibits the vast range of possibilities. You'll return to this book for guidance and inspiration again and again!
Paperback; 240 pages.
We have a 3-5 day in-house process. There will be an additional 1-7 days for delivery.
**During peak Holiday Seasons (Mother's Day & Christmas) it can take an additional 1-2 business days to get your order shipped.
We do not accept International orders online.
To place an order with an International billing or shipping address:
You will need to order by calling 405-745-1275. Customer Service is available Monday - Friday 8:00-5:00 CST.
Your order will need to ship to a US Destination, such as a freight forwarder. By doing so your order will be eligible for our US shipping rates which often include free shipping.
If you would like for us to ship your order directly to you, you will be charged the actual postage amount. That amount is calculated once your order is picked, packed and ready to ship. International shipping address are excluded from all shipping discounts. All orders shipped to an International location are charged the actual cost of shipping.
Please note that this policy does not include Military Addresses, Guam, Puerto Rico & the US Virgin Islands. We will accept and ship orders to these destinations.
Expedited shipping is unavailable at this time.
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Find hotels in Commerce using the list and search tools below. Find cheap and discounted hotel/motel rates in or nearby Commerce, MI for your business or personal leisure travel. Discover the best Commerce, Michigan hotel and motel rooms. Browse the Commerce area hotels to find the perfect lodging! Please use the provided map of the Commerce hotels.The Commerce center is around 6 miles from DMC Health Care Center and 6 miles from The Metropolitan Detroit Jewish Community Center.
Commerce Hotels, Motels & Accommodations
Next 20 Commerce Hotels > [1 - 20 of 50]
Next: See My Commerce Hotels with Pricing >


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Washington, D.C.: Innovative, Neapolitan-Inspired Pies at Mike Isabella's Graffiato
On paper, Mike Isabella cuts an impressive figure. He's moved around the country, working with the likes of Marcus Samuelsson, Jose Garces, and José Andrés, and made appearances on Top Chef and Top Chef Masters. But pizza is a notoriously tricky endeavor, even for the most accomplished of chefs. More


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Schachenmayr Original
Schachenmayr Original offers a great range of yarns and patterns and are particularly good for autumn and winter accessories. We have two great ranges, Boston and Lova. Boston is a quick-to-knit chunky yarn and is ideal for textured knitting. Lova combines natural shades with highly contrasting neon colours for a vibrant, on-trend effect. We also stock Schachenmayr Pompons – these pompoms work brilliantly with Boston and Lova yarns.
Head back to our main Yarn Store page to choose from more top brands and ranges.
Schachenmayr Original Products
Schachenmayr Pompon Royal 00052SKU: 503497
Only £1.26
Schachenmayr Lova Beige-Pink Spot 00081SKU: 503500£3.50
Schachenmayr Boston Wool Blend Natural 00002SKU: 503508£3.25


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Thursday, February 13, 2014
Zeus Grill and Seafood in Mount Pleasant is bringing Las Vegas closer to home.
Elvis, Garth Brooks, Patsy Cline, Willie Nelson, Linda Rondstadt and Kenny Rogers are all coming to the party room at Zeus Grill and Seafood on Valentines night, Feb. 14.
Dont miss the Legends Eight-Piece Band for the best show, well since Elvis.
Doors open at 7 p.m. and the show starts at 8 p.m. Early bird specials on food include 20 percent off before 7 p.m.
The infamous Elvis impersonator, Ray Fischer, is the feature for the night. Tickets are $25 at the door and youll get $10 back as Elvis bucks to redeem for food and drink.
For tickets and information, call 843-388-9992. Visit ZeusGrill.com or TheVegasShows.com for more.
Moultrie News is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. We expect our readers to engage in lively, yet civil discourse. We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. Responsibility for the statements posted lies with the person submitting the comment, not Moultrie News.
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A Maryland woman was shocked after she received a traffic ticket on Interstate 95 -- because it wasn't for speeding. In fact, she was driving two mph under the speed limit.
The driver, who didn't want her name used, told News4 she was driving in the left lane of I-95 on Laurel last Friday when she was pulled over and cited for failing to move right.
According to the citation, she had been driving 63 mph in a 65 mph zone.
Md. Woman Cited for Driving Too Slowly in Left Lane | NBC4 Washington


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- all you need is an innertube and a sewing machine. It's soft, malleable, flexible, durable and aesthetically it's a nice looking design. the rubber is relatively easy to sew and the finished product will fit nicely in the back pocket of anyone who drives a prius or wants to seem just as green.
Step 1: Materials
- innertube - a 26 x 1.9/195 tube is the perfect height without having to trim.
- sewing machine - you'll need one with adjustable tensioning
- black thread
- scissors
- currency
- a license or card
- a ruler
Step 2: The backbone
- choose a portion of the innertube that has writing or doesn't depending on the aesthetic you want. hipsters will want to stay away from brands and might stick to writing that includes the dimensions of the tube. professionals may want to avoid any kind of writing all together for a sleeker, leathery look.
- cut the section of the tube that you want to use.
- make a cut where you want to start, then measure 9 inches down the tube and cut again
- do this twice
- make another cut down the seam so the innertube is no longer a tube. ( i noticed i got a straighter edge if i cut at a side seam verses the top or bottom seam.
- when you're done you'll have two opened pieces of inner tube ( see picture below) that measure 9 inches long by 3.75 inches high.
Step 3: Cut the pockets
- cut 6 more pieces of innertube to hold your cards similar to the way you cut the back bone, but use the following dimensions instead.
- each piece should be 3 3/4 inches wide and 1 1/2 inches high.
- a license or credit card is 3 3/8 inches wide but you want to leave some room on either side to sew the pocket down to the backbone.
This is very cool. We should have a crafting day together!
My purses always wear down pretty fast, so when i will have burned through the next one, i will give your design a try :)
Nice Instructabe.
May I make a suggestion?
If you treat yourself to a beverage before making the wallet, you can cut the can in two sheets that you can use to make the wallet RFID secure !
This is okay!
No reason to ever buy a inner tube, the bike shops i know , especially the ones that so a lot of business in nyc, just ask how many tubes i want, they are into seeing them being up-cycled too.
you can check mine out here:
My recommendation is to get a sewing machine that is old and powerful with a walking foot. I used one and it was a piece of cake; the first thing I've ever sewn.
I encourage anyone with access to a sewing machine to make one of these, a spare tube is less than 5 dollars and you probably already have one, thread is dirt cheap, and it should take less than 2 and a half hours!
I have access to industrial quantities of old innertubes and don't have a sowing machine, any other thoughts? I like the staple idea but think it might look a bit amateur???
My poor Janome....
I'm trying this out but I have a difficult time keeping the tube flatten when cutting or sewing. Is there a safe way of putting mild heat to this (similar to plastic fusion) to flatten the tube making the sewing easy?
Before I tried doing that, I wanted to see if anyone else has done this ...
Thanks for the awesome tutorial. I'm always looking for new ideas to recycle.


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It's so sad to live in a divided world where companies try to be better than their rivals by imitating everything the rival does. Yahoo's lack of creativity is proven by the latest partnership with PayPal to counter Google Checkout, which gained some traction thanks to Google's aggressive promotions.
"With the Yahoo! PayPal Checkout Program, a blue shopping cart icon appears next to your ad in Yahoo! search results. This can help your ad stand out, and let customers know you offer PayPal Express Checkout, from the brand known for security."
PayPal offers free processing until the end of the year, like Google. But there's more:
"The ability to quickly locate PayPal merchants will save you some time because the PayPal checkout system remembers all of your personal information, providing you (and me) with the convenience of a single username and password, as well as a consolidated look at your transaction history so you can view all of your purchases and track each items' shipping progress."
This seems pretty familiar, isn't it? Here's a fragment from a Google post written after Google Checkout's launch, in June last year:
"One cool feature of Google Checkout is that you can buy from stores with a single Google login – no more entering the same info each time you buy, and no more having to remember different usernames and passwords for each store. To help you find places to shop, you'll see a little icon on the Google.com ads of stores offering Google Checkout. It's an easy way to identify fast, secure places to shop when you search. And after you've placed your order, Google Checkout provides a purchase history where you can track your orders and shipping information in one place."
This is only about ads, Google and Yahoo have many common advertisers and there are some merchants who use both PayPal and Google Checkout. Google forgot about users' choices to promote Google Checkout, while Yahoo is always on Google's footsteps and replicates every new feature or product.
April 18, 2007
Yahoo PayPal Checkout
This blog is not affiliated with Google.


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The N.C. State Bureau of Investigation is nearing the completion of its investigation into the shooting death of a Laurel Springs man by three law enforcement officers last year, according to a spokesperson with the N.C. Department Justice.
"The SBI is in the final stages of this investigation. Once the final autopsy report is received, agents will compile their report to deliver to the district attorney," said Jennifer Canada, the assistant public information officer at the N.C. DOJ.
Canada could not provide a more concret timetable for the close of the investigation.
The shooting occured after four officers responded to a call about a man shooting a gun off of his porch on Gaither Poe Road at 11 p.m. on Monday, Nov. 19. The man was later identified to be Mark Houck, 47, of the Laurel Springs community.
"The officers identified themselves, and ordered the man to put down his weapon. Subject refused to comply, and began pointing the weapon at the officers. Officers fired their weapons, striking and killing the subject," said the Nov. 20 press release.
Sheriff James Williams later said "shots were fired both ways" during the incident. He also said "placing officers on leave after a shooting is standard procedure."
The officers involved in the shooting were Deputy Joshua Hopkins and Deputy Jeremy Munday from the Ashe County Sheriff's Office and Officer Jake Howell from the West Jefferson Police Department.
Those three officers were placed on administrative leave by Williams for several weeks after the shooting. The officers returned from leave on Jan. 5 (Hopkins and Munday) and Jan. 6 (Howell).
Deputy Brandon Howell from the Ashe County Sheriff's office also responded to the shots fired call but was not placed on administrative leave.
A release from the ACSO on Wednesday, Nov. 21 said "Williams further states that our hearts go out to the victim's family, as well as to our officers and departments involved."
After the shooting, the ACSO requested an investigation by the SBI, according to Noelle Talley, the public information officer with the N.C. Department of Justice.
Agents with the SBI, said Talley, are responsible for the investigation. Their role is to gather evidence, conduct interviews with those involved and then prepare a report for the local district attorney.
That report is expected to be completed soon, and afterward, the DA will determine if the shooting was justified or if charges will be filed.


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Our Egg Shakers w/ Handle, Wooden Pair Yellow are small maraca shakers that produce a bright and crisp sound. Use one, two or more in a single hand to play at
different volume levels. Goes with virtually all styles of music, and
they're so easy to play.
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I got this working great with DVD w/ menus, and SMB share streaming, but it will not recognize a USB (FAT32) thumb drive. Just doesn't show up under storage options. Ran the Cios202 installer. Running on 4.1. I am able to use USB loader to play backup games from a WBFS drive in the same port, however.
Any ideas?
Mine was 192.168.1.105 as i have a few pc's at home
wii setup screen
Display Name ____ Movies
Share IP ________ 192.168.1.1
Share Name______ Movies
everything is case sensitive.
i did not turn any passwords off, i just use my logon name and password and that works fine.
I also did not have the shared folder anywhere special it's on an external hdd eg //g/Movies
It seems to like the main folder shared not just the whole hdd. It will find the subfolders.
Hope this helps.
Yes. I plugged in the drive before starting the wii.
As for the ? about SMB, I used Mac OS 10.5 file sharing (Sharing under System Prefs.) and just told it where to look. Not sure if you're on Mac, tho.
I'm liking this app so far. Seems to give a better quality output than MPCE.
Haven't found out how to change the audio delay and aspect ratio on the fly yet though.
Not really doing much Wii stuff these days.
tried this today on my 4.2U with cios202 on 38 but it just keeps on failing in the middle of a video playback. Do I have to install cios202 on 60? My MPlayerCE works fine without any issues so I doubt its my hard drive's problem. Thanks in advance!
Hi gamecoxxxxx and Stomp,
I am running Hermes IOS 202 base 57 on a USB external HD with no problems. I decided to test the app with my 4GB fat32 thumb drive. WiiMC recognizes it with no problems. I also installed the WiiMC 202 installer which as Stomp says uses base 57. The app finds my drive just fine. Not sure why I am able to run base 57 and you guys are not. I wonder if cretain drives are not recognized?


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Shop By Collection
Shop By Fragrance Family
Bath + Body
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With a wholesome aroma and skin-supportive botanicals, this daily moisturizing lotion leaves skin radiantly hydrated and touched with fragrance. Enriched with antioxidant olive leaf extract, nourishing olive oil, shea butter, glycerin and vitamin E. View All Ingredients.
Simply wholesome. Naturally nourishing.
Fresh Sardinian laurel leaf. Sunny balsamic lavender flowers. Rich European patchouli. Crisp balsam.
View the Olive Leaf Collection.
jane anne
Exotic fragrance
Thymes Olive Leaf Body Lotion has a rich texture and a fresh yet spicy, exotic fragrance. The classy packaging, including the freshness seal, enhances the attractiveness of this high-quality product. I enjoy it for my own use and am proud to present it as a gift.
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Comforting fragrance...a little overpackaged
I first tried this as a lotion sample ---it is really surprisingly lovely despite the ordinary name. I ordered the cologne and came back for the wonderful lotion. I was a little concerned about the amount of packaging. A large box with so much packing material for one bottle of lotion! This is a great fragrance for summer!
Top Customer Service-As Always!
Fast shipping! I received an e-mail saying the order has shipped and I got it that day. Quality packaging! Everything was wrapped in a way that would endure any rough handling. Quality products! My wife loves these products over any store bought cosmetics/fragrances. Olive Leaf is now her new favorite fragrance. Nice FREE gifts! We received many sample envelopes of other fragrances which is nice because you can smell before you buy, not just imagine what the 'name' smells like. They also threw in a hanging fragrance ball that smells very good in our office. Thank you Thymes!
Wonderful soap...love the scent
I buy Olive Leaf soap most of the time. I just love it. It has such a smooth and creamy lather and I love the smell. Once in a while I buy Gold Leaf or a different scent of yours....there are so many that I like..... but... Olive Leaf is my favorite.
Oh Olive!
Olive Leaf Body Lotion by Thymes has been a favorite of many for years, but somehow I just discovered it. What a fabulous & fantastic scent! It's fresh & clean. Apply some after showering and you'll feel completely refreshed.
Cetyl Palmitate¹,
Olive Oil,
C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate,
Cetearyl Alcohol¹,
Decyl Oleate¹,
Glyceryl Stearate²,
Stearic Acid¹,
Olive Leaf Extract,
Shea Butter,
Tocopheryl (Vitamin E) Acetate,
C13-14 Isoparaffin,
Benzyl Salicylate,
Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde,
Butylphenyl Methylpropional,
Tetrasodium EDTA,
Potassium Sorbate,
Sodium Benzoate
¹Coconut and/or Palm, ²Mixed Plant, ³Silica
Featured Ingredients:
Olive Oil
Olive Leaf
Shea Butter
Vitamin E
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Whereas most books concentrate 100% on being the hero developer who fixes a broken system, this book will focus on being a solid producer of quality output. Rather than heroically fixing a broken system, I will show how to build systems that do not break. Over time, the person that builds unbreakable systems is the real hero
Discuss it with Tom here
This is an architectural level chapter about a) handling many concurrent users and b) handling storage space / large amounts of data, effectively. This is what Oracle was designed to do, so this chapter takes a look at some of the architectural ("macro-level") decisions that can help (or hinder) you in achieving the sort of scalability and performance of which Oracle is capable.
Discuss it with Tom here
This chapter is about optimizing "behind-the-scenes" processes; about making sure that the work you're getting Oracle to perform for you isn't an unnecessary drain on resources/performance.
The chapter also looks at a new feature of Oracle 9i, automatic PGA memory management, and how this can optimize this process by allowing memory to be used differently as the load on the system grows and shrinks.
Discuss it with Tom here