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Al-BawabaDimension Data Completes Big Data Analytics And Digital Delivery Platform For ...Equity BullsDimension Data's Executive Chairman, Jeremy Ord, said, "The technology will allow cycling fans to follow the race in ways they've never been able to before. Until now it was difficult ...See More to understand what was happening outside of what could be shown on ...Tour De France Wild Card Team Gets a Boost with Dimension Data SponsorshipBusiness Wire India (press release)all 34 news articles »
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Firstpost'We are now competition to IBM, HP': Dimension DataFirstpostOne of the niche players in Gartner's cloud infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) Magic Quadrant 2015, Dimension Data feels that it is in the right position with the right offerings to compete in the Indian data centre ...See More market. With the market heating up ...and more »
The Indian ExpressBandwidth is the demolisher of imbalances, a great leveller: APJ Abdul KalamThe Indian Express... A P J Abdul Kalam. Edited excerpts of then President A P J Abdul Kalam's speech on December 20, 2005 at 'The Indian Express' India Empowered summit. .... An important ...See More dimension of the internet's potential is the possibility of providing services ...and more »
Indiantelevision.comOne year down, Max 2 eyes hike in ad ratesIndiantelevision.com"We are not doing anything currently as we are waiting for the rural and LC1 data to come in from BARC India. There is a lot of imbalance currently and everyone is struggling to understand the data. Coupled with ...See More this, is the fact that a whole new ...
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The Indian ExpressWhy 'caste-neutral' women hold key in Nitish poll battle in BiharThe Indian ExpressFor years now, Nitish's social engineering project has had both a caste and a caste-neutral dimension. ... Some stories from 2010, when the NDA won 206 out of the 243 seats, are now part ...See More of India's election folklore: about girls in Class 8 asking their ...and more »
Yakub hanging: Change the law, don't condemn death penaltyDailyORight wing loonies feeling macho-istic did their bit in robbing the discourse of an ethical dimension and attempted to reduce it to a communal one. Just as ... Those among both communities trying to communalise death penalty ...See More deserve this piece of data ...and more »
MNCs Mar India (ns)MainstreamRevising the raw annual suicide data for Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and Maharashtra during 2001-2010, the study found 86,607 of 549,414 suicides were by farmers, and 87 per cent were men with numbers peaking in the 30-44 age-group. The study is ...
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Sunday, June 03, 2012
4 Comments | 5954 Views | Copyright: IANS
Megastar Amitabh Bachchan and Jaya Bachchan celebrated their 39th marriage anniversary Sunday. Big B says it has brought the memories of the their wedding day flooding back.
The couple got married June 3, 1973 and have two children - son Abhishek and daughter Shweta.
"39 years! And just made it to the blog in time to write. A minute more and all the headers would have had to undergo change. Greetings have been exchanged, family has gathered round with wishes...and dear occupy most of the space in the house...Now .. a time to reminisce, to go back and relive those moments, to remember all that transpired," the 69-year-old posted on blog bigb.bigadda.com.
Amitabh says he and Jaya had planned a holiday in London to celebrate "Zanjeer" success, but his father Harivansh Rai Bachchan wanted them to get married before going on the vacation.
" 'Zanjeer' had just released. And Jaya and I and a few dear friends had decided that if the film did well we would all go to London for a holiday. After a few anxious days on the results of the box office, it was time to put our decision 'in line'.
"So I told my parents, who I had now invited to come and live with me, as is the culture in our land, about our decision. And my Father came down heavily on me - 'If you are planning a holiday with this girl, you will have to marry her and go, else your decision is denied.'
"I was an obedient child! I got married the very next day in a quickly organized wedding with family and some dear friends, without any fanfare, and left for the holiday that very night," he further posted.
Big B says that his marriage was not a lengthy affair.
"Marriages and weddings entail great amount of ritual and protocol and decorum and priests and pundits and maulvis. They last for days with great fanfare. Ours was a simple Bengali pundit wedding, exchange of flowered garlands, the mangal sutra, the sindoor and it was all over before the women from Jaya's side could stop their finger in mouth screams of 'odododooo' ... or words to that effect," he added.
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NZXT Phantom 530 Mid-Tower Chassis Review - Inside the Phantom 530
Inside the Phantom 530
Unscrewing the panels, slightly pulling them to the rear of the case, and then opening them like a car door, is how these are removed. Out of the way, the interior shot looks impressive out of the box; there is a lot to cover in here.
The top of the bays drives is widened to allow for fans or a radiator above it, and offers room for three drives. The 5.25" devices then get held into place with the tool-free latches on this side, and can be backed up with screws on the other.
The hard drive rack is assembled with a three drive cage, a dual drive cage, and a single cage at the bottom. They are fully removable and customize their position to fit your needs, and the triple bay even offers an angled fan mount on it.
On the flip side of that coin, you could just get rid of all of them, along with the support plate at the bottom. This opens up both the front and the floor of the chassis to more cooling, and water cooling potential.
The top of the chassis has very little steel left with all the options. You can install a pair of 200mm fans, a pair of 140mm fans or three 120mm fans. There are plenty of options and plenty of room for water cooling in there, too.
Even the motherboard tray keeps with the angled theme with the oddly angular access hole. There are seven wire management holes, four of which have grommets in them. To tie up the wiring, this chassis offers over 20 places to do just that.
Under the PSU there are six feet to support it, four for the shorter units, and the two further out are for kilowatt or larger units. Between the feet the floor is louvered to allow cleaner air flow, and the dust filter is much appreciated.
The rear of the chassis has the 140mm white bladed fan to exhaust the chassis. I also like that the expansion slot covers are blacked out. This way they match the newer VGA brackets, and it breaks up the white just like the water cooling grommets to the left of them.
NZXT does offer some very basic management to keep the wiring from flopping around and getting damaged, but the sheer amount of space is impressive, not to mention the two cool features offered here.
Zooming in quite a bit, you can more easily see, what essentially is the Grid 10-port fan hub - just without the plastic covering included. Next to it you can find the +1 that was listed in the drive bays, and I will be using this for my SSD.
I like that NZXT took the effort to black out all of the cabling, and in it you will find what is shown here. There are the various connections for power and LEDs, Native USB 3.0, HD Audio, and a pair of extra fan power lead extensions for the fan hub.
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Bolivian president kicks soccer opponent in the groin
- By Joshua Keating
Joshua Keating is associate editor at Foreign Policy and the editor of the Passport blog. He has worked as a researcher, editorial assistant, and deputy Web editor since joining the FP staff in 2007. In addition to being featured in Foreign Policy, his writing has been published by the Washington Post, Newsweek International, Radio Prague, the Center for Defense Information, and Romania's Adevarul newspaper. He has appeared as a commentator on CNN International, C-Span, ABC News, Al Jazeera, NPR, BBC radio, and others. A native of Brooklyn, New York, he studied comparative politics at Oberlin College.
There's not much to add by way of commentary here. Bolivian President Evo Morales, who plays for a minor-league soccer team in La Paz, was caught on tape giving a blatant kick to the groin of an opposing player who had committed a hard foul on him earlier. Somehow Morales didn't get a red card and went on to score a goal in the game, presumably because no one really wants to play defense on someone with presidential immunity.


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*Burglaries are occurring more and more everyday, so it's important for us to protect ourselves.
But now there is a freak nasty freak out there that doesn't want to take anything but your Internet…and some of your Vaseline and towels.
A neighborhood in Eugene, Oregon, was terrorized by 21-year old Antone Forrest Deedward Owens, who obviously didn't make a successful transition out of puberty.
Since last September, Owens has been breaking into homes and (more…)
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Sunday, 26 Sep 2010 07:09 AM
WASHINGTON (AP) — Fending off demands that he resign over the Abu Ghraib prison scandal, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld told Congress he had found a legal way to compensate Iraqi detainees who suffered "grievous and brutal abuse and cruelty at the hands of a few members of the United States armed forces."
"It's the right thing to do," Rumsfeld declared in 2004. "And it is my intention to see that we do."
Six years later, the U.S. Army is unable to document a single payment for prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib.
Nor can the more than 250 Iraqis or their lawyers now seeking redress in U.S. courts. Their hopes for compensation may rest on a Supreme Court decision this week.
The Army says about 30 former Abu Ghraib prisoners are seeking compensation from the U.S. Army Claims Service. Those claims are still being investigated and many do not involve inmate abuse.
The Army added that U.S. Forces-Iraq looked at its records and could not find any payments to former detainees. The Army also cannot verify whether any such payments were made informally through Iraqi leaders.
From fiscal years 2003 to 2006, the Defense Department paid $30.9 million to Iraqi and Afghan civilians who were killed, injured, or incurred property damage due to U.S. or coalition forces' actions during combat. The Army has found no evidence any of those payments were used to compensate victims of abuse at Abu Ghraib.
So instead of compensation, the legacy of the most infamous detainee abuse episode from President George W. Bush's tenure is lawsuits, and the court battle mirrors the Iraq war — a grinding, drawn-out conflict.
At the U.S. Supreme Court, the former detainees are asking the justices to step into a case alleging that civilian interrogators and linguists conspired with soldiers to abuse the prisoners. All the detainees, who allege they were held at Abu Ghraib or one of the other 16 detention centers in Iraq, say they were eventually released without any charges against them.
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My View of Llanview
My View of Llanview: July 15 Edition
on Friday, July 15, 2011 @ 12:01 AM
(SoapOperaNetwork.com) — "One Life to Live" gets a last minute reprieve and will continue to air new episodes online. But will it mean that the show's second life will be as good as its first? First of all, it was 43 years ago today that "One Life to Live" made its television debut so Happy Anniversary! Nearly three months of protesting, boycotting, and keeping "One Life to Live" and "All My Children" in the forefront of everyone's minds came to an abrupt end just over a week ago when fans received the shocking news that ABC had agreed to license both...
AMC Recap: Thursday, July 14, 2011
on Thursday, July 14, 2011 @ 6:10 PM
(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "All My Children" Episode Recap - Thursday, July 14, 2011. IT HAPPENED TODAY... Opal tells Jackson she feels like she's lost her best friend. Jackson's tried to get Erica help but it hasn't worked. Jane starts coming onto David and he pulls away, saying he has a meeting. Her mission is no longer to be the most famous woman, she just wants David, and if he doesn't stay she will tell everyone she was blackmailed. David shoots back that Kendall could go to jail if the truth comes out but Jane doesn't care about Erica's family. In order to...
OLTL Recap: Thursday, July 14, 2011
on Thursday, July 14, 2011 @ 6:05 PM
(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "One Life to Live" Episode Recap - Thursday, July 14, 2011. IT HAPPENED TODAY... Blair takes Sam to the police station in the hope she'll be able to put to rest the issue of his imaginary friend. It's her belief that Sam's mysterious conversation partner is the unidentified man (Kent) who turned up dead on the grounds of La Boulaie. Sam confirms that he knows the dead man, but not that he is the imaginary friend. The dead man, in fact, tried to kill Sam. But Sam's friend, the man with the line on his face, saved him. Elsewhere, Tomas...
GH Recap: Thursday, July 14, 2011
on Thursday, July 14, 2011 @ 6:00 PM
(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "General Hospital" Episode Recap - Thursday, July 14, 2011. IT HAPPENED TODAY... Will Jax gain sole custody of Josslyn? Jax and Brenda things discuss as Carly takes unusual comfort from Alexis's advice. Jax falls trap to Sonny's devious plans to grossly incriminate him as Sonny and Brenda seemingly reconcile. Molly and Morgan take matters into their own hands and they run away with Josslyn. Lulu refuses to abandon the ruse in hopes her quest to find Luke will succeed. Meanwhile, Javier kills Lupe over her betrayal/protection of Dante and Lulu. Ethan exaggerates again, hoping to scare Kristina away by inviting her...
Ratings: New Low for GH/DAYS
on Thursday, July 14, 2011 @ 3:20 PM
Ratings Report for the Week of July 4-8, 2011
AMC Alerts: Week of July 18 Edition
on Thursday, July 14, 2011 @ 8:10 AM
(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "All My Children" DVR Alerts for the Week of July 18, 2011. ALL MY CHILDREN: DVR ALERTSMonday: Ben decides to set Erica free but something get in the way. Maya feels a surprising connection to Lucy. Marissa has a heart to heart with Krystal about her love life.Tuesday: Griffin tells Kendall the David he knows taught him everything he knows about medicine including how to save her life in that ambulance. Tad receives an old diary that belonged to Dixie. Dixie gathers enough energy to get on her feet.Wednesday: Greenlee awakes from a nightmare and...
OLTL Alerts: Week of July 18 Edition
on Thursday, July 14, 2011 @ 8:05 AM
(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "One Life to Live" DVR Alerts for the Week of July 18, 2011. ONE LIFE TO LIVE: DVR ALERTSMonday: The two Todds meet face-to-face. Rick makes a pact with Nate. Nora tells Destiny about the clue she found.Tuesday: Tomas is confronted by John. Jack admits that someone attacked him. Viki tries to calm David's fears.Wednesday: Baz has a few questions for Tomas. David and Dorian reconnect. Blair is concerned about Sam.Thursday: John is worried how far Rex will go to get revenge. Natalie and Jessica remain at odds. Kelly and Joey grow closer....
GH Alerts: Week of July 18 Edition
on Thursday, July 14, 2011 @ 8:00 AM
(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "General Hospital" DVR Alerts for the Week of July 18, 2011. GENERAL HOSPITAL: DVR ALERTSMonday: Carly, Kristina and Ethan set out to find Morgan, Molly and Josslyn. Lulu struggles against Javier. Will Dante rescue her? Kristina remains set to accompany Ethan to Vegas.Tuesday: Custody of Josslyn is awarded. Sonny is determined not to lose Brenda. Lucky and Elizabeth come together for Aiden's birthday.Wednesday: Jax makes plans to leave Port Charles. Siobhan attacks Elizabeth for putting on an act of kindness. Jason picks out an engagement ring for Sam.Thursday: Jax says goodbye to Michael, Morgan...
Bermudez Returns to 'One Life' Amidst Glitz, Glamour, and Drama
on Wednesday, July 13, 2011 @ 10:23 PM
(SoapOperaNetwork.com) — "One Life to Live" is rolling out the red carpet for the return one of Llanview's infamous investigative journalists -- literally. Radio personality Carolina Bermudez returns as the hard nosed WVL-TV reporter Blanca Morales later this month as David's (Tuc Watkins) biopic "Vicker Man" finally makes it long-awaited premiere. However, don't expect things to go off without a hitch. On Thursday, July 28, Blanca catches up with Llanview's first couple on the red carpet at the movie's star-studded debut for an exclusive interview, and gets more than she bargained for when Dorian is confronted by her big screen...
AMC Recap: Wednesday, July 13, 2011
on Wednesday, July 13, 2011 @ 6:10 PM
(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "All My Children" Episode Recap - Wednesday, July 13, 2011. IT HAPPENED TODAY... Jake tells Amanda that he knows it must have been hard to hear from Cara that she has an STD and stresses that she must tell her former partners, including JR and David. Amanda admits she slept with JR after watching him and Cara in the tent. Jake blames JR for taking advantage of Amanda and blames himself for driving her to this after indulging in a fantasy of what he and Cara had. Jake says he doesn't hate her but she feels a rift between...
OLTL Recap: Wednesday, July 13, 2011
on Wednesday, July 13, 2011 @ 6:05 PM
(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "One Life to Live" Episode Recap - Wednesday, July 13, 2011. IT HAPPENED TODAY... Todd wants to make love to Téa but things are still tense regarding Jack. Tomas and Baz spar over music. Dani is distracted because of Nate and neither kid will eat the breakfast Tomas prepared. Tomas goes up to summon Téa for breakfast and sees Todd grab Téa angrily. He tells Todd to take his hands off Téa. Téa leaves them to argue, and the subject of their secret deal comes up. They both threaten that each has secrets that the other could expose. Baz...
GH Recap: Wednesday, July 13, 2011
on Wednesday, July 13, 2011 @ 6:00 PM
(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "General Hospital" Episode Recap - Wednesday, July 13, 2011. IT HAPPENED TODAY... Egged by Asher, Tracy needles Michael's seeming lack of commitment to ELQ. Edward remains convinced in Michael's potential and we realize Asher has another agenda! Lupe warns Lulu that Dante is a cop. Later, Lulu and Dante strategize as Javier dangerously overhears. Anthony can't believe Spinelli's behavior. As Sam tells Spinelli there are no marriage plans, Jason asks Maxie for help in organizing the best proposal. Ethan continues to exaggerate his interest in Abby, but Kristina does not buy it. On the Next General Hospital...Will Jax gain sole custody of Josslyn? ...
Y&R Recap: Tuesday, July 12, 2011
on Wednesday, July 13, 2011 @ 12:35 AM
(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "The Young and the Restless" Episode Recap - Tuesday, July 12, 2011.IT HAPPENED TODAY...Rafe showed up at Victoria's to find out if she had seen Billy at all. She said she hadn't seen him, and he said that today was the custody case, but he didn't know where he was. Back at Crimson Lights, Chloe was talking about how she was doing the right thing and didn't have any regrets in her decision to obtain sole custody of Delia. Back at the trailer, a passed out Billy, obviously on a drinking bender, didn't hear his cell phone.Sam...


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The Key to the Iron City by Donna Hawk
Price: $1.99 USD. Words: 60,940. Language: English. Published: August 18, 2014. Categories: Fiction » Young adult or teen » Fantasy, Fiction » Young adult or teen » Sci-Fi & fantasy(5.00 from 1 review)
Clarie and Patrick are called away from the Earth world by an object that needs to return to its home realm. When they get to the Iron City, they are confronted by danger and jealousy. They must find the key to save the Iron City from disaster or be destroyed by fear.
Seventh Dimension - The Door by Lorilyn Roberts
Series: Seventh Dimension. Price: $2.99 USD. Words: 60,600. Language: English. Published: July 25, 2012. Categories: Fiction » Fantasy » Paranormal, Fiction » Young adult or teen » Religion(5.00 from 5 reviews)
In this classic coming-of-age story, an estranged 14-year-old girl is befriended by a stray dog that leads her into the Seventh Dimension. There she learns the secrets of a powerful king as she battles underlings, her past, and forbidden love.
Bound by Duty by Stormy Smith
Price: $2.99 USD. Words: 104,310. Language: English. Published: July 1, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Fantasy » Contemporary, Fiction » Young adult or teen » Fantasy
Amelia Bradbury is the last living Elder. She has power she can't control and has been forced to hide, while a prophecy dictates her fate even as she fights for a normal life. She faces a betrothal she can't stop and, on top of it all, she's lost her heart to a human. When the whole truth comes to light, will Amelia choose her duty or her heart?
Beyond Earth by Arlene Lagos
Series: Beyond Earth, Book 1. Price: $2.99 USD. Words: 45,700. Language: English. Published: June 7, 2013. Categories: Fiction » Young adult or teen » Sci-Fi & fantasy
Hidden in the fabric of our own galaxy are five planets, anchored to Earth and thriving with life. When young Adaminia walks through a doorway and onto another planet, she learns the truth about her destiny. She must locate the other six warriors and unite their shared power in order to fight off the growing darkness set to destroy their existence.
The Chosen by Sheenah Freitas
Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 88,050. Language: American English. Published: July 17, 2015 by Paper Crane Books. Categories: Fiction » Young adult or teen » Fantasy, Fiction » Young adult or teen » Sci-Fi & fantasy
Would you help save a world you've never heard of? Kaia and Reeze quickly meet the Tueors, a group of people many thought extinct, and they are searching specifically for Kaia. As Kaia discovers more about the truth and her family's past, she also learns of the Tueors' bloody secret. Will Kaia be the savior the gods have been waiting for? Or will she let the prophesy come true?
Speaking Emotions by Terra James
Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 4,850. Language: English. Published: June 27, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Young adult or teen » Drama, Fiction » Young adult or teen » Literary(5.00 from 1 review)
A short story based on a young girl's struggle with life. She's unable to communicate. Her mother discovers a way to allow her to express herself differently. She has a suppressed secret that's affecting her life. Will she eventually be able to communicate or will this secret continue to destroy her?
Unknown by M J Porter
Series: Unknown Serial. Price: $1.49 USD. Words: 20,240. Language: English. Published: July 3, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Science fiction » Utopias & dystopias, Fiction » Young adult or teen » Sci-Fi & fantasy
She knows only two things about herself; her name is Frey and the boy with the troubled brown eyes, snatched from her arms by the soldiers in full body armour, loves her. They know everything about her and yet, they're the one's asking her the questions. From an iron-grey prison cell they ask her question after question, and the more they ask, the more she learns about herself.
Where Darkness Walks (Mortgatha Trilogy Book 1) by Donna Hawk
Series: Mortgatha Trilogy, 1. Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 95,880. Language: English. Published: February 9, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Young adult or teen » Fantasy, Fiction » Young adult or teen » Sci-Fi & fantasy
Clarie's world is about to change for the darker. However, when she uncovers a secret in the hidden back of an armoire, and meets Patrick and starts to realize that things could definitely be worse. She is accidentally pushed against a set of dark doors into the shadow realm of Mortgatha, everything she fears is set into motion to keep her away from her beloved Earth world.
Snail's Pace by Susan McDonough-Wachtman
Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 33,950. Language: English. Published: July 27, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Young adult or teen » Sci-Fi & fantasy, Fiction » Science fiction » Space opera
Do you like science fiction that includes humor, adventure and cultural clashes? Snail's Pace is a novella which throws Victorian orphan Susannah into the challenging diversity of an alien spaceship. Can Susannah survive as governess to a snail child? Snail's Pace is a quirky science fantasy, a "comedy of manners that is unlike any you've read" according to Lisa DuMond of SF Site.
Burden by Lila Felix
Series: Bayou Bear Chronicles. Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 62,740. Language: English. Published: February 5, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Young adult or teen » Fantasy(5.00 from 7 reviews)
In the depths of the Louisiana swamps, clans of bear shifters roam freely. Hawke Turnclaw, the Alpha over all of his kind, is drowning in the legacy left to him by the Alpha before him, his own father. When he goes on a rescue mission to save a rogue Black bear from the clutches of a Grizzly clan, he finds more than just a Black bear, he finds his mate. young adult shapeshifter romance for teens
SHIFT (Shift Series #1) by Elle Beauregard
Series: Shift, Book 1. Price: $2.99 USD. Words: 79,570. Language: English. Published: April 12, 2011. Categories: Fiction » Young adult or teen » Fantasy(3.67 from 3 reviews)
When Leah's inability to control her new-found skill nearly sends her into a full blown shifter-tantrum in front of the entire high school, even she has to admit that the last week of school is no place for a new shapeshifter.
Drasal Lands:The Ozemis Prophecy by Kalynn Bayron
Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 11,440. Language: English. Published: July 10, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Fantasy » Short stories, Fiction » Young adult or teen » Fantasy
Princess Erelia Starsinger is heir to the throne of the Kingdom of Drasal and her father is dying. When Erelia is told by the soothsayer, Ozemis, that her life and Kingdom are in grave danger she must decide who she can trust.Can Princess Erelia change the future that seems so bleak? Join Princess Erelia and her childhood friend Sharian Waterarrow as they fight to save her kingdom.
Grey Haven by Lynnie Purcell
Series: The Dreamer Chronicles, Book 1. Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 107,010. Language: American English. Published: September 11, 2012. Categories: Fiction » Young adult or teen » Horror, Fiction » Fantasy » Paranormal
Julie Aim is a dreamer. At night she falls asleep with a mission: to kill evil spirits known as shades. For Julie, killing shades is not the difficult part. Staying alive is. A traitor is killing off dreamers, and her name is on his list. Now, it's up to Julie and her two best friends, Tommy and Carrie, to stop more deaths. But they may just be in far over their heads.


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This article is part of the They Came From the Kindle series.
By Sage Reamen
Eccentric billionaire Ferris Khan is a distant descendant of Mongol warlord Genghis Khan, and he's interviewing fat women to help him breed a new master race of Khans. It's all part of his plan called the Mongol Imperative. BBW Mina Elway arrives at his sprawling mansion and undergoes and interview before agreeing to sign up and become a part of his eugenics program.
The premise may sound amusing, but the reality is anything but. This is tedious billionaire porn with odd sex scenes that just happen to feature a guy with a plan straight of a GI Joe episode. There are frequent descriptions of sweaty, hairy bodies and Mina Elway literally breaks a chair being fat during the first sex scene.
It's not that the graphic sex in the book is horrifying, like monster sex or rape or incest or something, it just reads like descriptions of two average people having unpleasant sex. Imagine an erotic description of your mom and dad having sex. I mean, really going to town, leg up on a chair, balls swinging everywhere, grunting like obese mules, room smelling like a storm drain emptied onto a dirty clothes hamper. All to make a new generation of Genghis Khans.
Khan Logistics
Much like the centaurs of last time around, Ferris Khan likes to use some elaborate furniture in his breeding program.
It was a large room, dimly lit by candles and decorated in red velvet and gold trim. At the center of the room was a tall wooden stand. Mina sucked in her breath. It looked ominously like the breeding stands she used back home to mate the mares with the stallions.
This is also where Mina breaks the chair:
"I...I don't know what happened," she breathed. It was then she noticed that the cushioned straps were still on her arms, as were pieces of the broken wood attached to them. Mina followed Ferris' disbelieving gaze to the stand. She had ripped it apart.
This being BBW erotica, Ferris is totally impressed with her wrecking his fancy sex chair.
Classic Kindle line:
(Following the climactic gross sex scene)
"Now grab me a pillow so I can prop it under my hips. We've got to let this stew simmer."
Please see him, Genghis Khan. He's a good man, and thorough.
Also from this author: Forced and Milked by the Vikings
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The SA Goons guide our hero through the pages of a classic but rare Choose Your Own Adventure book!
The Something Awful front page news tackles anything both off and on the Internet. Mostly "on" though, as we're all incredible nerds.
An exploration of the unusual, unpleasant, and downright awful things available on Amazon's Kindle store.
Copyright ©2015 Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka & Something Awful LLC.


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22 Comments | Add Yours
I have cute purple ones- not much of a design but still, they were a GREAT price and they're super cute! c:
by i<3cake on 2/8/2013 3:16:13 PM
They have the gummy bear ones at Hot Topic, for a cheaper price, and they come in more colors then just pink. I have purple ones. ^o^ Soooo fab!
by rawrxcupcake on 2/2/2013 2:40:07 PM
I barely allow myself to spend 5 dollars on ear buds let alone 42 dollars! Cute though...
by MadisonRL on 1/29/2013 3:48:06 PM
Hey girls! Need help finding outfits for your first day of school or your first date? Join Fashion ASAP and Get advice and awesome outfits here that fit your taste and style! I will help you with your problems ASAP (usually within 24 hours) and you'll receive fabulous answers. Thank you!
by Emilicious on 1/25/2013 12:14:08 AM
if it $42 then youll probably be better off buying beats!
by gl300013 on 1/22/2013 7:06:47 PM
These are sooo cute! I have the generic white ones with my iPod, these are so cool! I love the gummy bears!
by Allicat13 on 1/19/2013 9:40:27 AM
Cute! I just got new headphones for Christmas.
by myfatsquirrel on 1/18/2013 10:32:57 PM
by Sparklysharpie on 1/18/2013 9:57:04 PM
I got super cute ones shaped as paws for xmas but I think I lost them already
by cupcakecutie325 on 1/18/2013 7:51:04 PM
by xwer34 on 1/18/2013 7:51:01 PM
Hey girls!!!
Come ckeck out my clubs! "School Girls " or "Total Princesses"!!! I also have an advice queen page and feel free to ask me anything on my profile and I will answer you ASAP!!!!!! I hope I can help! (just tell me in your question if you want my answer to be posted on your profile or mine! iF you don't say or your profile is invisible then I will just post the answer on mine ok?)
by cupcakecutie325 on 1/18/2013 7:50:22 PM
by Sparklysharpie on 1/18/2013 7:48:35 PM
by 86cutie on 1/18/2013 6:52:31 PM
Join my club Its all about Fashion adn Beauty. There are 2 positions opena dn the application is on my profile page. We will have a outfit of the day and a tip of the day, everyday!!! I can't wait to see you on my club(:
by nazirah817 on 1/18/2013 5:47:26 PM
by Lovekatniss23 on 1/18/2013 5:37:42 PM
by pussycat103 on 1/18/2013 4:36:16 PM
the heart earbuds r to die for but for 42 bucks that's just crazy I guess I will stick to my own earbuds
by cherrypop123 on 1/18/2013 2:38:51 PM
OMG, they are so cute!!!!!!!
by GoddessOfBooks on 1/18/2013 2:26:14 PM
$42 for earbuds?! Nope, I'm sticking with my purple ones, thank you very much!
by hidi75 on 1/18/2013 12:28:40 PM
join my club, "Beauty Tips & Tidbits"! just starting out, all officer/council positions are available. apply now!
there is a Tip of the Day and Quote of the Week. can't wait to have you join
by alindgren on 1/18/2013 11:52:49 AM
The bears are sooo cute! they sell them at Walmart and a few other stores as well. plus they are scented so they smell like the flavor of the color!!!!
by wishing13 on 1/18/2013 10:39:53 AM
by WinnieGirlie on 1/18/2013 10:21:36 AM
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text:
LOS ANGELES (AP) -- Calvin Chitwood and Deon Tresvant scored 16 points apiece and Tremaine Townsend scored 14 to lead Cal State Northridge to an 82-47 victory over UC Davis, giving the Matadors wins in their first three conference games for the first time in 18 years.
Chitwood, Jonathan Heard and Townsend combined for 18 points in a decisive 27-12 run for Cal State Northridge (11-3, 3-0 Big West) in the game's first 14:05.
UC Davis (7-8, 1-1) never got closer than nine points after that. The Aggies trailed 35-22 at the half, and trailed by as many as 35 in the second half.
Tresvant scored 14 of his 16 in the second half. Heard scored all eight of his points in the first.
Northridge won its fourth straight and is off to its best start since opening 14-2 in 1981-82.
David Carter led UC Davis with 22 points. He was the only Davis player to score in double figures.


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Pleasant weather, nice views, not much parking. Be patient, as you are looking to park, once you do you will get some good photos! Enjoyed walking around and seeing the sea lions.
If you own or manage La Jolla Cove, register now for free tools to enhance your listing, attract new reviews, and respond to reviewers.


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Tags: mine operator rights
Denial of walk around rights during impact inspection may lead to vacated citations
Denial of walkaround rights during impact inspection may lead to vacated citations.
Since April 2010, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) has conducted special inspections known as impact inspections that target mines MSHA has purportedly identified as requiring increased attention ... Read More...
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Advanced Notice
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Amber Wind Retrievers - Alaska Golden Retriever Breeders
Want to list your puppies for sale? Post a classified today!
About Amber Wind Retrievers
5 beautiful med-dark golden pups born 2-4-09. These pups are from goldens born to hunt and compete. Sired by a master hunter who hunts every season and a dam who loves birds and competition.These pupswill soon be ready to arrive in a new home. They will have the first puppy shots, health checks, wormed, dew claws removed and micro chipped.. Call for additional information and photos. Sire pedigree Wildfire Dash 'O Tobasco,seen at http://www.K9data.com/pedigree.asp?ID=92812 Dam pedigree,The Alaskan Quail seen at http:www.K9data.com/pedigree.asp?ID=164485
Hunting Dog Breeds Raised
Golden Retriever
Breeder Contact Info
Daryl Jones
pobox 521724
Big Lake Alaska, Alaska 99652
Breeding quality gun dogs for over 2 years.
509-754-1260Send Email to Amber Wind RetrieversClick here to visit Amber Wind Retrievers website
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Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services: Medicare Program; Changes to the Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System and Calendar Year 2004 Payment Rates, GAO-04-268R, B-293238, November 19, 2003
B-293238: Nov 19, 2003
Additional Materials:
Edda Emmanuelli Perez
(202) 512-2853
(202) 512-4800
(202) 512-2853
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
This is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services. It was published in the Federal Register as a "final rule with comment period" on November 7. Whichever is later. 5 U.S.C. 553 (a)(3)(A). The rule was not published in the Federal Register until November 7. The final rule does not have the required 60-day delay in its effective date. Enclosed is our assessment of the CMS's compliance with the procedural steps required by section 801(a)(1)(B)(i) through (iv) of title 5 with respect to the rule. If you have any questions about this report. The official responsible for GAO evaluation work relating to the subject matter of the rule is William Scanlon.
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After making it through to the semi-final round on Tuesday night's "Dancing with the Stars" results show, Kyle Massey proved he is the competition's wild card, and he has a secret weapon (and reward) in his armor – pizza.
"Pizza is the bomb dude!" Kyle told Access Hollywood's Tony Potts backstage of his post-show treat.
He's only 19, so when Kyle wants to celebrate, the Disney star turns to the cheesy pie – something he and Lacey enjoyed after they were saved at the start of Tuesday's show.
"I'm not kidding — it's good all the time," Kyle laughed.
Kyle's love of food has been documented on "Dancing," and following last night's show, the smiley teen – the youngest member of the celebrity cast on the show – told Tony he'd be indulging some more.
"Right to the restaurant," Kyle said when Tony asked what was next.
"Has he ever been at a gym?" partner Lacey chimed in, probing her partner.
"Gyms? Yeah, I went to a gym before – YMCA," he laughed.
"That's not a gym," Lacey said.
"They have a pool table," Kyle laughed.
While Kyle now has Bristol Palin, Jennifer Grey and Brandy, to take on for the prize, he took a moment last night to share some words about former football star Kurt Warner, who was booted from the ballroom.
"Dude, I'm going to miss everything about Kurt," Kyle said of saying goodbye to the football star on "Dancing." "He's such a cool guy."
Copyright 2015 by NBC Universal, Inc. All rights reserved.This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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United States PatentOfiFice 2,762,694 7 Patented Sept. 11, 1956 METHOD OF ETCHING F ALUMINUM AND ITS ALL OYS Kenneth Walter Newman, Burbank, Calih, assignor to Turco Products, 'Inc., Los Angeies, Calif, a corporation of California No Drawing. Application July 22, 1954, Serial No. 445,196
23 Claims. (Cl. 41-43) This invention relates to a method of etching of aluminum and its alloys used in decorative arts or in structures or machine arts, hereinafter collectively referred to as aluminum, by means of alkaline etching agents.
In such methods, it is at times desirable to coat selected portions of the aluminum surface with a protective masking coating to inhibit or prevent attack by such etching agents While adjacent portions are available for such attack. The edge of the mask thus is along a line of separation between the masked and unmasked portion.
In such procedures it is of importance to assure a sulfioient bond between the metal at its surface with masking material since as the etchant corrodes the unmasked metallic surface it also corrodes laterally underneath the masking coating adjacent the unmasked portion. Thus in some operations the surface will be etch-ed underneath the edge of the mask for a lateral distance substantially equal to the depth of the etch.
If the bond is uniform then the etching rate laterally is controlled so that it undercuts the mask at a uniform rate underneath the entire line of separation of the masked portion and the adjacent unmasked portion undergoing the attack by the etching solution. However, if the bond be not uniform then the etching solution will creep by capillary action between the mask and the base metal at the portions Where the bond is insufiicient.
In order to avoid this difiiculty it is possible to improve the bond by first coating the aluminum or aluminum alloy with a primer undercoat which will improve the adhesion of the superimposed overcoat of the surface coating composition used. This procedure is similar to that generally employed in the paint and lacquer industry.
Thus, if the surface coating composition is an alkali resistant surface coating compositions in which the film former is a resin of the following types which are alkali resistant, i. e., acrylate, phenol-fomnaldehyde, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride-polyvinyl acetate copolymer, or alkyd or modified alkyd epoxy resin, silicone resin, melamine resin base, one may first coat the clean aluminimum surface with .a conventional acid wash primer usually used as undercoats for such paints in the paint industry Where aluminum is to be painted. A suitable example for this purpose, as is well known in such arts, are the zinc chromate acid Wash primers.
The grave difiiculty presented by the use of such acid wash primers is that while they give an excellent bond between the mask and the aluminum, they are extremely diflicult to remove. Since such removal of the mask is in most cases important, a serious dilemma ispresented.
Therefore, Where I wish to employ the mask tor the purposes of modifying a portion of the surface by removing a superficial layer of aluminum for purposes of changing the appearance of the surface, or etch deeply so as to modify the aluminum article in its structural characteristic or to change its mechanical utility as a machine part or a structural part, I must use a highly adherent mask to avoid uncontrolled undercutting and am then completelya procedure which becomes ofextreme importance where the etched part must be Worked on or must receive a spot weld or similar operation. Or, if I use a more easily removable mask which is not :so adherent, I am faced with the d-ifiiculty of accidental and uncontrolled undercutting.
I have solved this dilemma by discovery that I can so condition the surface of an aluminum part so that surface coating compositions, which otherwise require the presence of an acid wash primer in order to bond sufficiently to prevent deleterious and uncontrolled undercutting may be bonded to the base metal so that such uncontrolled undercutting is "avoided and limit the undercut to be at a uniform rate along the entire line of juncture of the masked and unmasked portion. The masking coat in my process has, however, an inferior adhesion to the metal than Where the undercoat is used so that it is relatively easy to remove to give a clear base metallic surface. The process thus permits of the etching in a sharp edged predetermined pattern 'to a desired depth, and results in -a clean and bare metallic part on the subsequent removal of the mask.
I have'discovered that an aluminum part which normally requires an undercoat of the acid Wash type 'to bond surface coatings of the type described can be treated to avoid the necessity of the undercoat by con- Taming the surface with a solution which has a suitable acid pH. The acid modified surface is then receptive to coating with the paint or lacquer to form the desired pattern of masked and unmasked portions of the surface. I may then expose the masked and unmasked portions to attack by the etching solution to etch the unmasked port-ion to any desired depth, etching also under the masked port-ion, uniformly along the line of juncture between the masked and unmasked portion and laterally underneath the masked portion for a distance substantially equal to the depth of etch from the adjacent surface and then after interrupting the etch and washing the part, I may readily remove the masked portion by any conventional paint remover solvent used to remove such paints or lacquers.
In carrying out my process, I prefer to treat the aluminum par-t, after it is cleaned to remove superficial dirt and oils, by reacting the surface with an acid solution. I prefer to employ acidic Water solutions which will not markedly attack the aluminum metal, since my purpose is not to dissolve the base aluminum metal but rather to condition the surface.
Thus, I may use water solutions of HNO3, Water solutions of H2804, Water solutions of acid salts, such as sodium acid sulphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dichromate or sodium nitrate acidified with sulphuric acid, all such solutions having a pH value of about 4 or less. All of these will condition the surface without substantially corroding, i. e., dissolving the base aluminum metal. Aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid, are not included in this class vsince such acid, along with chlorides generally, are highly corrosive to the base metal and cannot be classed as safe on aluminum as the term is employed herein to classify the group of acidic solutions which I .find desirable to employ. The distinguishing chemical characteristics of these solutions which are suitable for the purposes of this invention are in that they have a high solvency power for aluminum oxide but have a very low or insubstantial corrosive action on the base aluminum surface especially when this surface is of a massive aluminum, such as cast, rolled, forged vor machined sheet or part having extended surfaces as distinguished from aluminum powder or chips.
The acidity of such acidic solutions suitable for the use are such as to give a pH value of less than about 4. The temperature at which the treatment is conducted is suitable for removal of the oxide coat but sufficiently low to aid in the limitation of this corrosive attack on the aluminum.
While I do not wish to be bound by any theory of the chemical and physical mechanism whereby the aluminum surface is conditioned to improve the binding power between the surface and the surface coating composition, I believe a result of such surface treatment is that the acidic solution removes oxide film on the metal and the substantially oxide free metallic surface is thus contacted with the acidic solution. This produces, when the metal is removed, a metal surface substantially free of oxides and having a surface which is acidic in nature. This acidic surface retains its acidic nature even after it is thoroughly washed.
'In order to further reduce and make sure the metallic surface of the aluminum is not substantially attacked or .corroded by the acidic solutions, while permitting the removal of any aluminum oxide film on the surface of the aluminum, I may employ corrosion inhibitors to protect the aluminum against the corrosive attack of the acidic solution.
' Such corrosion inhibitors are nitrate ions, nitrite ions, chromate ions, bichromate ions, mercapto benzothiazole and other mercapto compounds, alkyl sulfides, such as amyl sulfide and anthraquinone.
Such aluminum corrosion inhibitors, to inhibit the corrosive attack of inorganic acid solutions on aluminum in arts other than those to which the present invention is directed are well known as will be understood by those skilled in this art.
These acidic solutions which, either used alone or after addition to the acidic solutions of such inhibitors against acidcorrosion of aluminum, will not corrode the aluminum, in the manner discussed at the temperatures at which they are employed, but will dissolve aluminum oxide film onthe aluminum and will also condition the surface to improve the bond to the surface of coating compositions as described, may be termed aluminum non-corrosive acidic solutions or acidic solutions safe .on aluminum and will be so termed in this specification and claims.
Examples of such acid solutions which may be used are as follows:
HNO3 solution in water, preferably not containing more than 25% volume of concentrated HNOa in the solution; H2504 in water 1 to about 25% by weight H2504.
I may employ NaHSO4 or KHSO; to which may be added sodium or potassium dichromate in amount of about 25 to 30% by weight of the acid sulfate. I may employ NaHzPO4 acidified with a small amount of phosphtzlric acid for example 23% by weight of phosphoric ac1 I have also found that the addition of wetting agents to the acid solution improves the treatment and the conditioning of the surface. I prefer to use the acid stable non-ionic wetting agents. Such wetting agents are well known in the wetting agent art and form a well recognized class of wetting agents. Examples of these are: Alkyl aryl polyether alcohols (Triton X-45 and Triton X-lOO,
.sold by Rohm and Haas Co. of Philadelphia), alkyl phenoxy p'olyoxyethylene ethanols (Igepal CO-630, Igepal CO-730 and Igepal CO850, sold by Antaro Products Div., General Dyestuffs Corp. of N. Y.), polyoxyethelene thioether (Sterox SK, sold by Monsanto Chemical Co. of St. Louis, Mo.).
They are widely known and commercially produced and need not be further identified since those skilled in this art will recognize them readily.
I prefer to use these non-ionic Wetting agents since the cationic wetting agents appear to be less useful. While I do not desire to be bound by any theory, I believe that they plate out on the aluminum and interfere with the conditioning of the surface in the manner described above.
The metal, when washed clean of dirt and oils, and other superficial coatings removable by ordinary washing solutions, as for example, detergent solutions, and when treated as above with aluminum noncorrosive acidic solutions, as described above, may now be directly masked at the selected parts with the coating composition which may be sprayed on or painted on or applied by dipping to give the desired surface pattern of coated and uncoated aluminum surface or which may produce such selectively coated and uncoated surfaces after photographic development as is conventionally employed in the printing art. Nio undercoat such as an acid wash primer or other undercoat is employed between the outer layer of the surface coat and the metal surface to bridge the bond between the outer coat and the metallic surface.
I select as a coating material those materials which will make a sufficiently tight bond with the base metal when treated with the acidic solutions described above.
The coating composition should be able to withstand the attack of the alkaline etching agent as should also the bond between the acid washed surface, and the bond should not be so strong as to cause diificulty in removing the masking coat when the etching process is completed. Such coating compositions are those well known alkali resistant coatings of which the film formers are the alkali resistant resins specified above. Such coatings are well known as useful for painting aluminum but require and are generally used together with acid wash primers as described above when they are employed in paints for aluminum. I shall refer to such paints as resin based coating compositions for aluminum. They are well known and those skilled in the art will be able to identify the commercially available film formers and coating compositions which are useful in my invention.
The above important advantages of my process for conditioning the surface of the aluminum body to be etched is accompanied by another effect which is important in etching aluminum bodies whether or not they be partly masked to expose portions only of the surface of the aluminum body or whether the aluminum body he not partially masked so as to expose all surfaces thereof to corrosive attack.
This invention thus also relates to a method for the controlled etching of aluminum and aluminum alloys. Etching solutions employed are alkaline solutions. Such procedures involve the exposure at suitable temperatures of the aluminum body to corrosive attacks by the etching solutions. The procedure depends on the end to be sought. For example, where the object is an aluminum part whose surface is to be altered in appearance, the part is only superficially etched in order to change the appearance of the surface. When the aluminum body is to'be deeply etched in order to modify the mechanical characteristics of the aluminum as a structural part or a machine part, the aluminum body is etched for a degree sufiicient to alter the mechanical or structural character of the part.
In such cases the part, in order to control the appearance or mechanical characteristics of the part, may be masked at selected'portions with a mask which isolates, i. e., separates from the etching solution the part of the object which it is desired not to react with the etching solution. Experience with such etching process has shown that where it is used for alteration of surface appearance of the aluminum part that the surface instead of being of a uniform matt finish contains portions of greater lightreflectivity than adjacent portions giving a surface with highlights; This I believe is due to the fact that the depth of etch, where it is not uniform across the entire surface, results in high lights but where it is uniform a 'llnifolm matt surface is produced. When the procearea-s94 dure is used as a substitute 'for mechanical forming or machining to give aluminum bodies of altered mechanical and structural characteristics, the process results in abody which is not etched to a uniform depth across the entire exposed surface. This does not give the desired contour to the etched parts to conform with design characteristics.
I have found that the non-uniformity of the depth of etch across the entire exposed surface may be avoided and a uniform depth of "etch across such entire surface achieved by a proper conditioning of the surface prior to etching.
I have found that if the surface to be etched is treated with the above aluminum non-corrosive acidic solutions, the surface may thereafter be etched with an alkaline etchantin such manner .that the etching rate is uniform across the entire etched surface. In such case the surface is etched to a substantially uniform depth across the entire surface.
While I do not wish 'to be bound by any theory of Why :the process .of my invention produces uniformly etched surfaces, I believe that the uniformity :of etch produced by .my process results from the .fact that .1 expose the base elemental metal or alloyed surface to the etching solution.
As is Well known, aluminum surfaces are coated with thin films .of aluminum oxide produced :by atmospheric oxidation of the aluminum. These aluminum oxide surfaces may or may not be uniformly distributed over the surface since the depth and density of the oxide coating depends upon factors. The influence of many of these factors are not known to the knowledge :of applicant. However, .I have postulated that #the depth of etch of the alkaline etchant depends upon the thickness and density of the oxide coat for in order to reach the base .metal the alkali etchant must .first remove the oxide coat. However, if the coat is not uniform across the entire surface part of the base metal will be exposed to the etching solution before other parts are so exposed. Therefore, even if the etching rate is uniform after the base metal is reacted the etched metallic surface will have a topograph which indicates a variation in depth of etch across its area.
I have found, however, that by removing the oxide film by solution with 'a deoxidant solution (i. e., one that reacts with the oxide film to .remove .it), which however, unlike the alkali etching solutions, does not .react at a substantial rate with the base metal at the temperature of treatment, I may produce a surface which may then be etched with an alkaline etching agent :at :a uniform rate across the entire surface of the etched aluminum part.
If such elemental metallic surface as it is produced is immediately etched before any substantial build-up of oxide occurs on the surface of the exposed metal :such uniform corrosion is obtainable. I have found that an aluminum or aluminum alloy surface after such treatment may be safely stored for about one-half hour to an hour without any substantial oxidation occurring sufficiently to interfere with the uniform rate of attack described above.
I cannot say with assurance that the metal after such .storage does not have an oxide film. It may be that as :a result of the exposure of the elemental metallic surface an oxide film of uniform character forms across the surface. If any oxide coating is formed it is a uniform coating throughout the entire surface so that the subsequent corrosion attack by the alkali etching solution results in a uniform rate of solution of the oxide coat followed by a uniform corrosion of the metal across the entire surface of the etched part. This also will give .a uniform depth and rate of etch across the entire surface.
The following examples are given for the purposeof illustrating my invention rather vthan as limitations thereof.
6 Example 1 The aluminum part to be etched, if it is not clean, as for example, if it is coated with a forming or heat treating oil, is washed thoroughly in an alkaline or other detergent solution. It is then thoroughly rinsed to produce a clean washed aluminum piece. i
The washed aluminum part is sprayed with or immersed in a solution made by dissolving from 4 to 30 ounces per gallon of water, of a mixture composed of the following:
77.1% by weight of NaHSO4 (sodium acid sulfate) 1% by weight of NH4F.HF (ammonium bifiuoride) 21.8% by weight KzCrzOv (Potassium dichromate) 0.1% by weight Nacconol Z Naoconol Z (alkyl aryl sodium sulfonate) is sold by Na tional Aniline Div., Allied Chemical & Dye Corp.
I have found that about 16 oz. of the above mixture in a gallon of water will result in a satisfactory surface if the metal is immersed in the solution for about 3 minutes, at atmospheric temperatures for example about 60 to about F. Higher concentration will give these results in a shorter time.
Care must be taken to remove the part when the base metal is exposed, i. e., after solution of the oxide film, since especially in the presence of dissolved oxygen in the solution or if the solution is sprayed on to the metal part, the ambient or dissolved oxygen readily attacks the highly reactive metal surface produced by this conditioning operation, and the rate of oxide formation may exceed the rate of solution so that the resultant part is coated with an oxide film. Experience .has shown that with a 3 minute exposure of a solution of the above character, the oxide formation is not a material factor and the surface is successfully conditioned in the manner described above.
The treated surface is then thoroughly washed with plain water and dried and is ready for application of the coating compositions such as described above.
' The masking composition is painted directly on the dried surface in the desired pattern, covering the portions which it is not desired to etch. For example, by coating the part of the object to be protected against etching with a coating composition having the following formulation:
88% polyvinyl acetate 4% polyvinyl chloride 6% vinyl alcohol 2% dioctyl phtha-la-te Dissolved in methyl isobutyl ketone.
The part to be etched is thus outlined by the coating and the coating is cured in the conventional manner. After drying the coated object may be etched. It is etched by contact with an alkali solution of, for example, aqueous caustic soda solution and other alkaline solutions in water, such as solutions of trisodium phosphate, sodium carbonate and the corresponding potassium compounds. I may add to such solutions a small percentage gluconic or saccharic acid in the range of about .1 to 20% of the alkali, preferably about 3-5 and more preferably about 3-5 of citric acid or citrate salts, based on the alkali as disclosed in the copending application, Serial No. 445,197, filed of even date herewith, .now Patent No. 2,739,883, granted March 27, 1956.
The masked aluminum part is reacted with the above solutions by immersion or by a spray of such solutions at an elevated temperature of from F. to 210 degrees F. and cause a reaction between the alkali etching solurion and the unmasked (exposed) portions of the surface of the aluminum object.
Thus, for example, an aluminum sheet of 0.250 inch thickness is sprayed with such a water solution containing 7 parts by weight of a mixture composed of v96 parts by Weight of dry NaOH and 4 parts by weight of dry citric acid crystals for one hour at F. to cause an etch which is approximately 0.060 inch in depth on each surface exposed to the etching solution and which undercuts the mask on such surface at the line of juncture for a distance of approximately 0.060 inch. The exposure time depends on the depth of etch desired. The etch line, i. e.,
the edge of the edge pattern of the etch will be sharp and ,aid of a paint remover such as is used for aluminum paints of the kind described above. It will be much more easily and thoroughly removed than when an acid .wash primer coat is employed.
Example 2 The above procedures may be carried out substantially as described with like results employ-ing as the acid conditioning agent which is aluminum noncorrosive, a mixture made up as follows:
84.6% by weight of dihydrogen sodium phosphate (NaHzPOr) 2.0% by weight of orthophosphoric acid acid HaPO4 5.0% by weight sodium pyrophosphate (NazPzo'z) 7.0% by weight nonionic agent Triton X-100 1.4% by weight of isopropyl alcohol Triton X-lOO is alkyl aryl polyether alcohol sold by Rohm & Haas Co.
The above mixture is added to water in the ratio of 2 to 6 oz. per gallon of Water and the aluminum is treated and etched by the procedure substantially in the manner of Example 1.
The etch rate across the entire surface in both of the above examples will be uniform without the highlights and that with a perfectly flat plate and uniform distribution of the etching solution or/and uniform movement of the etching solution if etching solution is sprayed on the surface, will be etched to a uniform depth. The rate of attack will be the same across the entire surface similarly exposed to the etching solution.
It will be clear that where I wish to rely on the function of my process to cause uniform etching of the surface of the aluminum object and do not wish to mask portions thereof, my process may be employed for such purpose on a completely unmasked article. Thus, after treating the cleaned surface with the acidic solution safe on aluminum, and rinsing, I may pass the part directly or after storage, to the alkaline etchant.
Example 3 The above procedure described under Example 1 may .be employed with the following composition instead of p the Example 1:
93.6 parts by weight of sodium acid sulfate (NaI-ISOi) 6 parts by weight of chromic oxide (CraOs) .0.4 part by weight of Nacconol Z, identified above I Example4 p The procedures of Example 1 may be employed using the composition given below in place of the composition of Example 1.
-81 parts by weight of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (Na1-I2PO4) 5 parts by weight of sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate (NaHzPzOv) Y 2 parts byweight of ortho-phosphoric acid (HsPOr) 5 parts by weight of sodium nitrate (NaNOa) 1 part by weight of sodium silico fluoride (NazSiFe) 6 parts by weight of Sterox SK (a polyoxyethylene thioether sold by Monsanto Chemical Co.)
The above mixture may be used in water in concentrations ranging from 2 to 6 oz. per gallon. A preferred concentration is 5 oz; per gallon of water.
Example 5 The following composition which'is a liquid may also beemployed in the procedure of Example 1:
72.8 parts by weight of water 22.0 parts by [weight of concentrated sulfuric acid 3.96 parts by weight of chromic oxide (Cr-20a) 1.24 parts by weight of ammonium silico. fluoride (NH4)2SiFs The above composition is used diluted in water in amounts ranging from 2 to 20 volumes of water to 1 volume of .the above composition. A preferred concentration is 1 part of the above liquid to 10 parts of water.
While I have described a particular embodiment of my invention for the purpose of illustration, it should be understood that various modifications and adaptations thereof may be made within the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
I claim:
l. A method of etching an aluminum object which comprises: treating the aluminum with an aluminum noncorrosive acidic solution, the temperature and acid concentration of said treating solution being related to render the solution an active reagent for the removal of aluminum oxide from said object and substantially noncorrosive to aluminum, the duration of said treating being only substantially for the time required to remove an oxide coating from said object; and treating the aluminum object with an alkaline etching solution; thereby etching the surface of said object treated with said etching solution.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said acidic solution is chosen from the group consisting of the water solutions of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium acid sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and the equivalent potassium salts of said acid salts, said solution having a pH value of about 4 or less.
3.. A method as set forth in claim 2, wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with water before being treated with said alkaline solution.
4. A method as set forth in claim 2, wherein said acidic solution also contains an aluminum corrosion inhibitor.
5. A method as set forth in claim 4, wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with water before being treated with said alkaline solution.
6. A method of etching an aluminum object which comprises: treating the aluminum with an aluminum noncorrosive acidic solution, the temperature and acid concentration of said treating solution being related to render the solution an active reagent for the removal of aluminum oxide from said object and substantially non-corrosive to aluminum, the duration of said treating being only substantially for thetime required to removean oxide coating from said object; coating a portion only of the treated surface of the object with an alkali resistant resin based coating composition for aluminum; and treating the aluminum object with an alkaline etching solution; thereby etching said surface treated with said etching solution.
7. A method as set forth in claim 6, wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with water and dried prior to said treating with said alkaline solution.
9. A method as set forth in claim 8, wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with Water and dried prior to said treating with said alkaline solution.
10. A method as set forth in claim 6, wherein said acidic solution is chosen from the group consisting of the water solutions of nitric acid, .sulfuric acid, sodium acid sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and the equivalent potassium salts of said acid salts, and said acidic solution has a pH value of about 4 or less.
11. A method as set forth in claim 10, wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with water and dried prior to said treating with said alkaline solution.
12. A method as set forth in claim 10, wherein said acidic solution contains an aluminum corrosion inhibitor.
13. A method as set forth in claim 12, wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with water and dried prior to said treating with said alkaline solution.
14. A method as set forth in claim 10, wherein said acidic solution contains a non-ionic Wetting agent.
15. A method as set forth in claim 14, wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with water and dried prior to said treating with said alkaline solution.
16. A method as set forth in claim 10, wherein said acidic solution contains an aluminum corrosion inhibitor and a non-ionic wetting agent.
17. A method as set forth in claim 16, wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with water and dried prior to said treating with said alkaline solution.
18. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said acidic solution contains sodium acid sulfate, potassium dichromate, and ammonium bifluoride, said sodium acid sulfate being present in a major proportion, said acidic solution having a pH value of about 4 or less, and wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with water prior to said treating with said alkaline solution.
19. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said acidic solution contains sodium dihydrogen phosphate, orthophorphoric acid, sodium pyrophosphate, and a nonionic wetting agent, said sodium dihydrogen phosphate being present in a major proportion, said acidic solution having a pH value of about 4 or less, and wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with water prior to said treating with said alkaline solution.
20. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said acidic solution contains sodium acid sulfate, chromic oxide, and a non-ionic wetting agent, said sodium acid sulfate being present in a major proportion, said acidic solution having a pH value of about 4 or less, and wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with water prior to said treating with said alkaline solution.
21. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said acidic solution contains sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, orthophosphoric acid, and sodium nitrate, said sodium dihydrogen phosphate being present in a major proportion, said acidic solution having a pH value of about 4 or less, and wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with water prior to said treating with said alkaline solution.
22. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said acidic solution contains sulfuric acid, chromic oxide, and ammonium silico fluoride, said sulfuric acid being present in a major proportion, said acidic solution having a pH value of about 4 or less, and wherein the aluminum treated with said acidic solution is washed with water prior to said treating with said alkaline solution.
23. A method as set forth in claim 6, wherein the aluminum treating temperature of said acidic solution is from about to about F., and wherein the aluminum surface is washed with water and dried after said treating with said acidic solution.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,472,304 Mason June 7, 1949
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