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Bathroom Wall Sconces
We offer a variety of wall sconces for your bathroom unlike any other company. We carefully select sconces we know will be simple to install, but offer maximum lighting in your bathroom. Wall sconces are an ideal choice when you want to create a better bathroom.
Minka-Lavery - 6820-14 - Calavera 1 Light Wall Sconce$63.00
Minka-Lavery - 348-37B - Wall Sconces 1 Light Wall Sconce$74.55
Schonbek - Trilliane 16 Light Wall SconcePrice From: $6,061.00 - $8,855.00
Minka-Lavery - 6360-281 - Harvard Court 1 Light Bath$63.00


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My first time in Disney was made stress free by the amazing service and food supplied by the garden grocer it also saved us money and time!We will use them every time we make it from the UK!
Order was complete and in our room when we arrived at resort.
Garden Grocer is a fabulous service. Before arriving at Disney World, we ordered groceries to see us through the week. Everything arrived as ordered and right on time. We will happily use this service again.

subset: commoncrawl


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In addition to the site redesign, the Selling Timeshares writing team maintains a timeshare blog on the site, offering up-to-date content geared towards a variety of topics, such as timeshare resale, vacation planning, resort reviews and general timeshare travel tips.
To better assist with convenience and accessibility, they have updated some of the most popular sections of their site. These include their Resort Directory, Timeshare Keyword Glossary, and Points Charts.
The Resort Directory is a vacation planning tool which helps owners understand what resorts belong to which of the various clubs. It also gives information such as street address, resort pictures, links to points charts, a review of the resort, as well as maps for each resort. By listing the entirety of each club's resort inventory, the directory can be used as a reference point for owners looking to book within their respective resort network or trade within another.
The company's Points Charts are another vacation planning tool which illustrates the amount of points it takes to book at various locations at certain times of the year. This tool can be used when initially purchasing a timeshare in order to determine how many points an owner will find conducive to their travel each year, but will also help in long-term vacation planning.
Finally, the glossary assists in understanding key words within the industry. New keywords have been added, and a new visual redesign has been implemented. By adding more terms to the glossary, the site is taking steps to further teach the nuances of timeshare ownership to existing and prospective owners.
David Van Norman, a licensed agent at Selling Timeshares, Inc. said, "We've completely re-imagined our site to make it much more modern and user-friendly. Our development team has been working around the clock to roll out the new design and the response we've seen so far has been amazing!"
About Selling Timeshares, Inc.
Selling Timeshares is comprised of a group of Licensed Real Estate Professionals with over 10 years of timeshare resale experience. The group possesses extensive knowledge of the most valuable vacation networks offered in today's market. They are a full service timeshare resale brokerage that does not charge any upfront fees, and offers free consultations with their licensed agents.
Richard Perryman
Richard Perryman


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Body pulled from River Lea after 'man flees from police and drowns in canal'
A young man fleeing from police drowned in the River Lea this afternoon, according to reports.
IT worker facing jail for buying enough ricin to kill up to 1,400 people over the Dark Web
An IT worker faces jail at the Old Bailey for buying over the Dark Web enough of the chemical weapon ricin to kill up to 1,400 people.
Two people interviewed by police after clubber is injured in New Cross
Two people have been interviewed under caution by police investigating how a clubber sustained a horrific facial injury after leaving a New Cross nightclub.
Relief as inflation falls to lowest in three years
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Published: 16 October 2012
Cash-strapped families were given temporary relief today as inflation fell to its lowest for nearly three years.
The CPI measure of inflation dropped to 2.2 per cent in September, down from 2.5 per cent in August, and the lowest since November 2009.
The fall will ease the squeeze on living standards suffered by many individuals who have seen their earnings eroded by fast-rising inflation.
But inflation is still above many pay increases, particularly those in the public sector.
Chancellor George Osborne welcomed the halving of inflation since its peak last September of 5.2 per cent, saying it would bring "relief to the budgets of families and businesses".
But economists warned that the cost of living is set to rise again.
"This may very well be as good as it gets on the consumer price inflation for the time being, as we suspect it could be pushed back above 2.5 per cent in the near term by rising utility prices, likely higher food prices due to poor grain harvests and elevated petrol prices," said Howard Archer, chief UK economist at IHS Global Insight.
The State pension and many benefits are linked to September's CPI (Consumer Prices Index) inflation which meant a controversial boost of 5.2 per cent this April.
A triple lock will mean that the State pension should rise by at least 2.5 per cent even though inflation is below this level.
But the Government is considering ditching the link between benefits and inflation and could instead impose a freeze, a smaller rise or linking it with the increase in average earnings.
Inflation at 2.2 per cent was also below the 2.6 per cent predicted by the Office for Budget Responsibility, whose forecasts are used by the Treasury, and so should lower the benefits bill which was expected to be £183 billion next year.
The Office for National Statistics said CPI fell last month when hefty energy bill hikes seen in 2011 dropped out of the index.
But with SSE, npower, British Gas and Scottish Power having announced moves to increase tariffs, CPI is expected to start rising once more after a year of falls.
The ONS said the recent spate of energy bill increases would likely lead to similar increases in inflation as seen last year, when utility price increases added 0.45 per cent to CPI.
Rising fuel prices also put upward pressure on CPI last month, when petrol rose by 3.9p a litre between August and September compared with a fall of 0.3p a year ago, according to the ONS.
Today's figures showed the Retail Prices Index (RPI), which includes housing costs, also eased back last month, to 2.6 per cent from 2.9 per cent in August.
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Top stories in News
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- 'Cheaper to commute from Madrid each day than rent in Camden Town'
- Chelsea boss Jose Mourinho: Rafael Benitez's wife should take care of her husband's diet instead of calling me out
- British Airways flight to Heathrow makes emergency landing in Montreal over 'bomb threat'
- Police hunt for woman who tried to access 'highly restricted area' of Westminster
- Calais chaos: Migrant dies as 1,500 attempt to storm Eurotunnel terminal in escalating crisis
- District Line delays: Seven drivers 'sent home for refusing to take trains into service on safety grounds'
- Tesco announces plans to ban Ribena and Capri-Sun
- 'Rip-off' rickshaw driver claims £206 one-mile journey was worth DOUBLE that amount
- Cable Street museum which promised to celebrate East End women now devoted to Jack the Ripper
- 'Cheaper to commute from Madrid each day than rent in Camden Town'
- Tesco announces plans to ban Ribena and Capri-Sun
- Couple 'engaged in inappropriate sexual behaviour' for over half an hour on train to Essex
- British Airways flight burst into flames on approach to Heathrow after engineers checked WRONG PLANE before takeoff
- British Airways flight to Heathrow makes emergency landing in Montreal over 'bomb threat'
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Win a ticket to an evening of inspiration
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Jim Fleeting jacked in his steady job to become a guitar guru
Jim Fleeting gave up his steady IT job, dream of a London house, new car and his savings – to follow his dream career making bespoke guitars. Read more...
Sheffield's urban festival is back and it's bigger than ever
Yorkshire's finest old pubs & abandoned Victorian factories are amongst the venues that will all play host to the biggest musical event on Sheffield's calendar later this month.
Want to get the Mod look?
Watch our video interview with TV magician Ben Hanlin and his mod makeover...
BBQ tips for the perfect summer grub
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text:
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Lonny Magazine Jul/Aug 2011 | Photography by Patrick Cline; Interior Design by Jarlath Mellett
Cool tree branch wall decal. A tree in my bedroom would make me very happy. Add a few birds - ecstatic!
Cinderella Carriage vinyl wall art sticker with Live like there's no Midnight vinyl wall quote -Choose your own Color. $32.00, via Etsy....
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I want this for my teeny tiny room at the cottage. Too bad the top bunk containing my kids kind of ruins the whole shelf idea :0)


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I always wanted to build a Gir. Maybe one day I will make it with trash. But first, I built it using 123D Design and the Objet Connex 500 3D printer.I wanted to experiment with some character development, trying to design a statue the most similar possible to the real one.
At end, I printed two Girs: a bigger one (made with VeroWhite and TangoBlack) and a smaller one (made with VeroClear and VeroBlue). And I found two interesting tips about materials:
1. See the big one. The "zebra" coloration is not a Photoshop alteration or a problem with the lights. It happened because I choose the automatic mode in Objet Studio, that allows the 3D printer to manage the materials for completing the print. There was a small amount of VeroWhite and enough TangoBlack, so Gir was printed on diferent materials layers.
2. The smaller one: The 3D printer gives you two finish options: Mate and Glossy. I chose Glossy. But there is a problem: a glossy finish only works on simple proyotypes that have only a thin and uniform support material layer. On uneven pieces, where complete parts are covered with support material, the ultraviolet light won't cure uniformly the piece's surface, so at end, you will have a piece with glossy patches and mate patches. Then you will have to polish or use sand paper.
This design is not so complicated. Even, you can try to do it on the 123D Design app for iPad.
Step 2: Body and neck
Step 3: Paranormal Size Head
Step 5: Shoulders and Eyes
Step 6: Making a Better Head
Step 7: Mouth
Step 8: Arms and Some Details
On the front of the body, I put a box, like some kind of door to the circuits.
Step 9: Colors
Step 10: Hands and Antenna
The antenna, on top of the head, is a high cone with a sphere at the end.
Step 11: 3D Printing
The prototype is awesome, but has some problems:
1. The figure can stand alone, but any movement can make it fall
2. The head is to big and heavy, and any small hit can broke the neck.
So, I had to think in any solution. I didn't want a beheaded Gir.
Step 12: Base
Step 13: Two Pieces Base
Step 14: Printing the base and the small Gir
I printed the small Gir, with the base already attached and assembled. The green parts in the design and the base, were printed in VeroBlue. The rest of the body was printed in VeroClear.


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Tamojyoti Bose
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Finance Department, Directorate of Accounts & Treasuries
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Transcript of "Boss gnome user-manual"
1. BOSS GNU/Linux User Manual Quick Guide For Using BOSS Version 3.0 1
Table of Contents1.Introduction.......................................................................................................... 8 1.1 What is BOSS GNU/Linux?............................................... .............................8 1.1.1 INSTALL ...................................................................................... ..........8 1.1.2 BOSS Live................................................................. ..............................9 1.1.3 UTILITY ................................................................................................. .9 1.1.4 BOSS GNU/Linux Components............................................. ..................9 18.104.22.168 Components of GNOME Desktop......................................... ............9 1.2 BOSS GNU/Linux Licensing...................................................... ...................10 1.2.1 The BOSS Free & Open Source Software Guidelines (BFOSSG) ..........112. Installation Steps.................................................................................... ...........13 2.1 Before You Begin..................................................................... ....................13 2.1.1 System Requirements........................................................ ...................13 2.1.2 Overview of the Installation Process....................................................14 2.1.3 Back Up Your Existing Data!........................................................... ......15 2.2 Beginning the Installation................................................... ........................15 2.3 Booting from Disc............................................................................ ............16 2.4 Language Selection................................................................................. .....17 2.5 Country Selection .............................................................. .........................18 2.6 Keyboard Configuration................................................ ..............................18 2.7 Network Configuration................................................................... .............19 2.8 Disk Partitioning Setup............................................................................. ...22 2.9 Setting the System Clock...................................................... .......................53 2.10 Installing the Base System................................................................ .........54 2.11 Set the Root Password.................................................................... ...........54 2.12 Create User Account .......................................................... .......................55 2.13 Software Selection........................................................................... ..........57 2.14 Selecting the Default Display Manager................................................ ......59 2.15 Setting Resolution........................................................... ..........................60 2.16 Samba Server.......................................................................................... ...613. GNOME Desktop............................................................................. ...................63 3.1 Logging In and Selecting a Desktop............................................................63 3.1.1 Switching Desktops................................................ ..............................63 3.1.2 Locking Your Screen................................................................. ............64 3.2 Logging Out............................................................................... ..................64 3.3 Desktop Components.............................................................................. .....64 3.3.1 Desktop Icons................................................................. ......................65 3.3.2 Panel............................................................................................... ......65 3.4 Handling Removable Media......................................................................... 66 3.4.1 Removing Media Safely............................................... .........................67 3.5 Managing Trash ............................................................................... ...........67 3.6 Managing Folders and Files with Nautilus..................................................67 3.6.1 File Manager Functionality........................................................ ...........68 3.6.2 File Manager Presentation............................................................... .....68 3.6.3 File Browser Window Components..................................................... ..69 2
3.6.4 Searching For Files.......................................................... .....................71 220.127.116.11 Saving Searches................................................................... ..........72 3.6.5 Using Views to Display Your Files and Folders.....................................72 3.6.6 Moving a File or Folder....................................... .................................72 3.6.7 Copying a File or Folder............................................. ..........................73 3.6.8 Duplicating a File or Folder...................................................... ............74 3.6.9 Creating a Folder..................................................................... .............74 3.6.10 Renaming a File or Folder............................................ ......................74 3.6.11 Moving a File or Folder to Trash........................................................74 3.6.12 Deleting a File or Folder....................................................... ..............75 3.6.13 Creating a Symbolic Link to a File or Folder ........................75 3.6.14 File Permissions............................................................................. .....75 3.6.15 Changing Permissions.......................................... ..............................76 22.214.171.124 Changing Permissions for a File..................................................76 18.104.22.168 Changing Permissions for a Folder........................................ ......76 3.6.16 Writing CDs or DVDs.............................................. ............................77 220.127.116.11 Creating Data Discs......................................... ............................77 188.8.131.52 Copying CDs or DVDs....................................... ...........................78 126.96.36.199 Creating a Disc from an Image File.............................................78 3.6.17 Accessing a Remote Server................................................... ..............79 3.7 Finding Data on your Computer.................................................. ................79 3.7.1 To Perform a Basic Search............................................................. .......79 3.7.2 To Add Search Options........................................................... ..............80 3.7.3 To Stop a Search.............................................................................. .....80 3.7.4 To Open a Displayed File.............................................................. ........80 3.7.5 To Delete a Displayed File............................................... .....................81 3.7.6 To Save the Search Results.......................................................... .........814.Customizing Desktop Settings........................................................ ....................82 4.1 Changing Individual Desktop Elements ............................................. .........82 4.1.1 Creating New Desktop Objects ............................................................82 4.1.2 Changing Panel Elements.................................................. ...................82 4.2 Changing the Desktop Settings............................................................. .......83 4.2.1 Changing the Desktop Background......................................................83 4.2.2 Changing the Desktop Font........................................ ..........................83 4.2.3 Changing the Desktop Theme.......................................................... .....84 4.2.4 Changing the Screen Saver........................................................ ...........85 4.3 gDesklets........................................................................ .............................855. Linux Basics with BOSS GNU/Linux..................................... .............................87 5.1 Opening a Shell Prompt.............................................................................. .87 5.2 Create a New User................................................................. .....................88 5.3 Documentation for Linux Commands................................................ ..........896. Localization.............................................................................. .........................90 6.1 Desktop in various Languages..................................................... ................90 6.2 Keyboard Input Method to support different keyboard layouts .................91 6.3 OnScreen Keyboard.................................................................. ...................947. Networking ....................................................................................... ................96 3
7.1 Networking through Ethernet.................................................................... ..96 7.2 Setting up Dialup connection in BOSS.......................................................97 7.2.1 Configuring a DialUp Connection using Networking option...............98 7.2.2 Configuring a DialUp Connection using GNOME PPP........................100 7.2.3 Configuring a DialUp Connection using wvdial & wvdialconf...........102 7.3 Setting up Broadband Internet connection in BOSS..................................103 7.4 Wireless Connection................................................................. .................1048. Hardware Configurations......................................................... .......................105 8.1 Printers........................................................................................ ..............105 8.2 Scanner Usage.................................................................... .......................108 8.3 USB........................................................................................... .................108 8.4 Webcam, Digital Camera.................................................... .......................108 8.5 Bluetooth Support.......................................................... ...........................1099. BharateeyaOO................................................................................................. .111 9.1 The OpenOffice.org 2.2 Application Modules ...........................................112 9.2 Word Processing with Writer ................................................................. ...112 9.3 Using Spreadsheets with Calc............................................................. .......114 9.4 Using Presentations with Impress.............................................................116 9.5 Using Databases with Base ..................................................... ..................11710. Internet.................................................................................................... ......121 10.1 Browsing with Iceweasel.................................................. .......................121 10.1.1 Tabbed Browsing................................................................ ..............121 10.1.2 Using the Sidebar................................................ .............................122 10.1.3 Finding Information.............................................. ...........................122 10.1.3.1 Finding Information on the Web...............................................122 10.1.3.2 Searching in the Current Page........................................... ........122 10.1.4 Managing Bookmarks....................................................... ................123 10.1.4.1 Using the Bookmark Manager...................................................123 10.1.4.2 Importing Bookmarks from Other Browsers.............................123 10.1.4.3 Live Bookmarks................................................. ........................123 10.1.5 Using the Download Manager..........................................................124 10.1.6 Adding Smart Keywords to Your Online Searches............................124 10.1.7 Printing from Iceweasel................................................................. ...124 10.2 Mail Client......................................................................... ......................125 10.2.1 Icedove................................................................... ..........................125 10.3 Ekiga............................................................................................... .........131 10.3.1 Calling and being called............................................ .......................132 10.3.2 Sending Instant Messages................................................................133 10.3.3 Managing Calls............................................................. ....................134 10.3.4 Managing Contacts......................................................... ..................136 10.3.5 Troubleshooting.................................................. .............................137 10.3.6 Glossary............................................................................... .............137 10.4 Pidgin Internet Messenger.................................................................. .....138 10.5 Liferea Feed Reader........................................................................ .........140 10.6 XChat IRC..................................................................... ...........................144 10.7 Dictionary................................................................................ ................145 4
11. Accessibility Tools......................................................... ................................149 11.1 ESpeak......................................................................................... ...........149 11.2 Orca........................................................................................ .................14912. Graphics......................................................................................................... 150 12.1 Document Viewer........................................................... .........................150 12.2 Image Viewer..................................................................................... ......152 12.2.1 Sort Images...................................................................................... .153 12.2.2 To Add a Folder to the Bookmarks...................................................153 12.2.3 Viewing Images.................................................. ..............................153 12.2.4 Viewing the Image Properties........................................................... 153 12.2.5 To View the Image EXIF Data........................................ ...................154 12.2.6 Comments....................................................................................... ..154 184.108.40.206 Adding Comments............................................ .........................154 18.104.22.168 Add Comments to Many Images................................................154 188.8.131.52 Removing Comments............................................................ .....154 18.104.22.168 To View an Image Comment...................................................... 155 12.2.7 Catalogs............................................................................... .............155 184.108.40.206 To Create a Catalog............................................ .......................155 220.127.116.11 To Add Images to a Catalog................................................... ....155 126.96.36.199 To View the List of Catalogs......................................................155 220.127.116.11 To View a Catalog.............................................................. ........155 126.96.36.199 To Remove Images from a Catalog............................................156 126.96.36.199 To Rename, Remove or Move a Catalog....................................156 12.2.8 Slide Show........................................................................... .............156 184.108.40.206 Automatic Presentation.......................................... ...................156 126.96.36.199 Manual Presentation.................................................................15713. Special Purpose Tools............................................................................ ........158 13.1 Migration Tool............................................................................. ............158 13.2 BOSS Presentation Tool................................................................... ........161 13.3 3D – Desktop........................................................... ................................16814. Playing Music and Movies............................................. ................................170 14.1 Volume Control...................................................... .................................170 14.1.1 Changing Mixer Volume............................................ .......................170 14.1.2 To Lock the Mixer Channels................................... ..........................170 14.1.3 Silencing a Mixer............................................................... ...............170 14.1.4 Specify the Current Recording Source...................................... ........170 14.2 Banshee Music Player............................................................ ..................170 14.2.1 Importing Music ..................................................... .........................171 14.2.2 Playing Music ............................................... ...................................171 14.2.3 Podcasts ...................................................................................... .....172 14.2.4 Burning Music ................................................ .................................172 14.2.5 Internet Radio .................................................. ...............................174 14.2.6 Digital Audio Players .................................................. .....................174 14.3 Movie Player............................................................................ ................175 14.3.1 Opening a File.................................................... ..............................176 14.3.2 Opening a Location........................................ ..................................177 5
14.3.3 Play a Movie (DVD or CD)...................................... ..........................177 14.3.4 Eject a DVD or CD.................................................................... .........177 14.3.5 Pause a Movie or Song.................................... .................................177 14.3.6 View Properties of a Movie or Song.................................................177 14.3.7 Changing the Video Size........................................................ ...........177 14.3.8 Adjusting the Volume............................................... ........................178 14.3.9 Make Window Always On Top............................................. .............178 14.3.10 Repeat Mode............................................................................... ....178 14.3.11 Shuffle Mode.................................................. ................................178 14.3.12 PlayList..................................................................... ......................178 14.4 CD Player.................................................................................. ...............179 14.4.1 Play a CD............................................................... ...........................179 14.4.2 Move Through Tracks....................................................... ................179 14.4.3 Fast Forward a Track.............................................................. ..........179 14.4.4 Rewind a Track.......................................................................... .......179 14.4.5 Pause a CD................................................................................. .......180 14.4.6 Stopping a CD.......................................................................... .........180 14.4.7 Adjusting the Volume............................................... ........................180 14.5 Sound Recorder....................................................................... ................180 14.5.1 Recording.............................................................. ...........................181 14.5.2 Playing a Sound File...................................................... ...................181 14.6 Restricted Formats ................................................ .................................18115. Burning CDs and DVDs............................................................... ...................183 15.1 Creating a Data CD or DVD.................................................................... ..183 15.2 Creating an Audio CD........................................................... ...................184 15.3 Copying a Data CD or DVD................................................ ......................185 15.4 Copy an Audio CD................................................................................ ....186 15.5 Blank a CDRW............................................................ ............................187 15.6 Burn an ISO Image....................................................... ...........................18716. Partition Editor.................................................................................. ............18817. Securing Your Files from Unauthorized Access.............................................190 17.1 Creating OpenPGP Keys.................................................................... .......190 17.2 Creating Secure Shell Keys................................................. .....................191 17.3 File Manager Integration.......................................................... ...............191 17.3.1 Encrypting Files................................................................. ...............191 17.3.2 Signing Files............................................................. ........................191 17.3.3 Decrypting Files..................................................................... ...........192 17.3.4 Verifying Signatures................................................. ........................19218. Changing the name of Applications in BOSS.................................................193 18.1 Changing the name of main menu..........................................................194 18.2 Changing the name of sub menu................................................ .............19519 How to install ANYTHING in BOSS !!............................................................196 19.1 Synaptic Package Manager.................................................... ..................196 19.2 Where is my Binary File ?....................................................... .................19920. Project Planner........................................................................ ......................200 20.1 Task View................................................................. ...............................204 6
20.2 Resource View................................................................ .........................208 20.3 Gantt View ................................................................................ ..............209 20.4 Resource Usage View........................................................................ .......21121. About BOSS Live........................................................................... .................21222. About Utility ..................................................................... ............................21323.Troubleshooting BOSS GNU/Linux.................................................... .............215 23.1 Forgotten User Password.................................................................... .....215 23.2 Error Messages during installation of deb packages...............................21524. Conclusion...................................................................................... ...............217 24.1 About CDAC............................................................................. ................217 24.2 About NRCFOSS................................................................................. ......217 24.3 Contact Us................................................................. ..............................218 24.4 BOSS Support Centres........................................................ .....................218 7
1.IntroductionWe are delighted that you have decided to try BOSS GNU/Linux, and are sure that you will find that BOSS GNU/Linux distribution is unique. BOSS GNU/Linux brings together highquality free software from around the world, integrating it into a coherent whole. We believe that you will find that the result is truly more than the sum of the parts. We understand that many of you want to install BOSS GNU/Linux without reading this manual, and the Debian Installer is designed to make this possible.1.1 What is BOSS GNU/Linux?BOSS( Bharat Operating System Solutions) is a GNU/Linux distribution developed by CDAC for enhancing the use of Free/Open Source Software in the country. Made specifically for the Indian environment, it consists of a pleasing Desktop environment coupled with Indian language support and other packages that are most relevant for use in the government domain. Subsequent versions will support the educational domain, server release as well. BOSS DVD pack consists of 3 sections. The Install section which gives you a BOSS Desktop in your system, a Live section which allows you to try BOSS without installing on the Hard Disk and without disturbing your existing OS and the Utility section which has some of the extra packages like OpenOffice fonts, Apache web server, scripting languages etc. You can get more details about BOSS DVDs and their functionality in our website http://bosslinux.in1.1.1 INSTALL To install BOSS , you need to have a minimum of 2.0 GB of hard disk space, 512 MB of RAM and a DVDROM drive. Insert the BOSS GNU/Linux DVD into the drive, restart your computer and boot from DVD by editing the BIOS setup. The BOSS screen appears with two options: 1) Start BOSS Live 2) Install BOSSTo use BOSS Live select the "Start BOSS Live" option.You can proceed with the default installation by clicking "Install BOSS" or do custom installation. The details about the installation options and screen shots can also be found at BOSS GNU/Linux website http://bosslinux.in. 8
1.1.2 BOSS LiveThe BOSS GNU/Linux Live project aims to create BOSS Live CDs, DVDs and USBs for all the releases of BOSS (and newer). BOSS Live is a GNU/Linux distribution that boots and runs completely from DVD. It includes recent linux software and desktop environments, with programs such as OpenOffice.org, GIMP, Iceweasel, Pidgin, Totem and hundreds of other quality open source programs. It also includes document converter, Presentation tool, 3D effects, bluetooth device support and Input method for Indian Languages. Using BOSS Live you can test BOSS before installing it on your harddisk. Later Proceed with Installation 1.1.3 UTILITY The DVD consists of workstation related packages, like Apache webserver, egroupware collaboration tool, webmin – GUI for administrative tasks PHP, Mysql, Postgresql, Educational tools, Openoffice fonts and some other language fonts ,etc. You can find out the usage of the Utility and about these extra packages below. This BOSS Utility disc or Addon disc contains the packages related to workstation. Usage of Utility:1. Insert the DVD ,make sure it mounts properly.2. Click "BOSS Utilities from CD" menu item from main menu i.e System > Administration > BOSS Utilities from CD.3. Continue with instructions provided.4. Go through the README file available in DVD.1.1.4 BOSS GNU/Linux Components 1) Kernel – 2.6.223486 2) GNOME – 2.20 3) KDE – 22.214.171.124.1 Components of GNOME Desktop 1) Iceweasel Web Browser 2) Pidgin Internet Messenger 3) Icedove Mail Client 9
4) Compiz 3D Desktop 5) BharateeyaOO 6) BOSS Presentation Tool 7) Bulk Document Converter 8) Totem Movie Player 9) Banshee Music Player 10)gThumb Image viewer 11) XSane Image scanning program 12) Gnome Baker – CD/DVD Writer 13)SCIM – Smart Common Input Method 14)Ekiga Soft Phone 15)ESpeak 16)Orca 17)Planner 18)gDesklets 19)Document Viewer 20)Password and Encryption Keys 21)Partition Editor 22)Liferea Feed Reader 23)XChat – Internet Relay Chat 24)Synaptic Package Manager1.2 BOSS GNU/Linux LicensingBOSS GNU/Linux is a collection of many computer programs and documents created by BOSS Team. Each of these works might come under a different license. Our License Policy describe the process that we follow in determining which software we will ship and by default on the BOSS Install, Live and Utility. The BOSS team is committed to Free and Open Source Software. The world is a better place if you have the source code to all the software on your computer, and the right to use that source code in constructive ways. We would invite you to read more about our Free Software Philosophy and help to shape this policy further. Categories of software in BOSS GNU/Linux 10
We organize the thousands of software packages available for BOSS GNU/Linux into three key components: main, contrib, nonfree. Software is published in one of those components based on whether or not it meets our Free Software Philosophy, and the level of support we can provide for it. This policy really addresses the software that you will find in main and nonfree. Those components contain software that is fully supported by the BOSS team and must comply with this policy. All software in BOSS main and nonfree must be licensed in a way that is compatible with our license policy. There are many definitions of "free" and free software so we have included our own set of guidelines, listed below. BOSS GNU/Linux "main" Component License Policy All application software included in the BOSS GNU/Linux main component: Must include source code. The main component has a strict and nonnegotiable requirement that application software included in it must come with full source code. Must allow modification and distribution of modified copies under the same license. Just having the source code does not convey the same freedom as having the right to change it. Without the ability to modify software, the BOSS community cannot support software, fix bugs, translate it or improve it. 1.2.1 The BOSS Free & Open Source Software Guidelines (BFOSSG) 1.Free Redistribution The license of a BOSS GNU/Linux component may not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license may not require a royalty or other fee for such sale. 2.Source Code The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. 3.Derived Works The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software. 4.Integrity of The Authors Source Code The license may restrict sourcecode from being distributed in modified form _only_ if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software. (This is acompromise. The BOSS group encourages all authors not to restrict any files, source or binary, from being modified.) 11
5.No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. 6.No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research. 7.Distribution of License The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties. 8.License Must Not Be Specific to BOSS GNU/Linux The rights attached to the program must not depend on the programs being part of a BOSS GNU/Linux system. If the program is extracted from BOSS GNU/Linux and used or distributed without BOSS GNU/Linux but otherwise within the terms of the programs license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the BOSS system. 9.License Must Not Contaminate Other Software The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be free software. 10.Example Licenses The "GPL", "BSD", and "Artistic" licenses are examples of licenses that we consider "free" 12
2. Installation StepsThis manual helps you to install BOSS GNU/Linux on desktops and laptops. The installation system is flexible enough to use even if you have no previous knowledge of Linux or computer networks. If you select default options, BOSS GNU/Linux provides a complete desktop operating system, including productivity applications, Internet utilities, and desktop tools. This document does not detail all of the features of the installation system. If you want the complete details of the features during installation please check our BOSS website at http://bosslinux.in2.1 Before You Begin2.1.1 System RequirementsBOSS GNU/Linux does not impose hardware requirements beyond the requirements of the Linux kernel and the GNU toolsets. Therefore, any architecture or platform to which the Linux kernel, libc, gcc, etc. have been ported, can run BOSS GNU/Linux. To install BOSS GNU/Linux you need very minimum system configurations. Currently the 3D desktop feature of BOSS works with only Intel chipsets. For the other chipsets, work is going on. The other hardware requirement details are as follows: ➢ Hard Disk – 2.0 GB (unpartitioned space) ➢ RAM – 512 MB ➢ DVDROM driveTo install BOSS GNU/Linux from disc, you need the installation DVD, currently, BOSS GNU/Linux supports the i386, ppc, and x86_64 architectures. These architectures are described below: i386Intel x86compatible processors, including Intel Pentium and PentiumMMX, Pentium Pro, PentiumII, PentiumIII, Celeron, Pentium 4, and Xeon; VIAC3/C3m and Eden/EdenN; and AMD Athlon, AthlonXP, Duron, AthlonMP, and Sempron x86_6464bit AMD processors such as Athlon64, Turion64, Opteron; and Intel 64bit processors such as EM64T 13
2.1.2 Overview of the Installation ProcessFirst, just a note about reinstallations. With BOSS GNU/Linux, a circumstance that will require a complete reinstallation of your system is very rare; perhaps mechanical failure of the hard disk would be the most common case. Many common operating systems may require a complete installation to be performed when critical failures take place or for upgrades to new OS versions. Even if a completely new installation isnt required, often the programs you use must be reinstalled to operate properly in the new OS. Under BOSS GNU/Linux, it is much more likely that your OS can be repaired rather than replaced if things go wrong. Upgrades never require a wholesale installation; you can always upgrade inplace. And the programs are almost always compatible with successive OS releases. If a new program version requires newer supporting software, the BOSS packaging system ensures that all the necessary software is automatically identified and installed. The point is, much effort has been put into avoiding the need for reinstallation, so think of it as your very last option. The installer is not designed to reinstall over an existing system. Heres a road map for the steps you will take during the installation process. 1. Back up any existing data or documents on the hard disk where you plan to install. 2. Gather information about your computer and any needed documentation, before starting the installation. 3. Create partitiontable space for BOSS on your hard disk. 4. Set up the first boot drive to DVD drive (through CMOS setup) and restart your system. 5. Insert the BOSS GNU/Linux DVD into the drive 6. Boot the installation system. 7. Select installation language. 8. Activate the ethernet network connection, if available. 9. Create and mount the partitions on which BOSS GNU/Linux will be installed. 10. Watch the automatic install/setup of the base system. 11. Installs additional software (tasks and/or packages), at your discretion. 12. Installs a boot loader which can start up BOSS GNU/Linux on your existing system. 13. Load the newly installed system for the first time, and make some initial system settings. 14. If you have problems during the installation, it helps to know which packages are involved in which steps. 15. Introducing the leading software actors in this installation drama: The installer software, debianinstaller, is the primary concern of this manual. It detects hardware and loads appropriate drivers, uses dhcpclient to set up the network 14
connection, and runs debootstrap to install the base system packages. Many more actors play smaller parts in this process, but debianinstaller has completed its task when you load the new system for the first time. Upon loading the new base system, baseconfig supervises adding users, setting a time zone (via tzsetup), and setting up the package installation system (using aptsetup). It then launches tasksel which can be used to select large groups of related programs, and in turn can run aptitude which allows you to choose individual software packages. 2.1.3 Back Up Your Existing Data!Before you start, make sure to back up every file that is now on your system. If this is the first time a nonnative operating system has been installed on your computer, its quite likely you will need to repartition your disk to make room for BOSS GNU/Linux. Anytime you partition your disk, you should count on losing everything on the disk, no matter what program you use to do it. The programs used in installation are quite reliable and most have seen years of use; but they are also quite powerful and a false move can cost you. Even after backing up be careful and think about your answers and actions. Two minutes of thinking can save hours of unnecessary work. If you are creating a multiboot system, make sure that you have the distribution media of any other present operating systems on hand. Especially if you repartition your boot drive, you might find that you have to reinstall your operating systems boot loader, or in many cases the whole operating system itself and all files on the affected partitions.2.2 Beginning the InstallationTo begin installation of BOSS GNU/Linux, boot the computer from the boot media i.e from CD or DVD or any other storage bootable media like USB . The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) on your computer must support the type of boot media you select. The BIOS controls access to some hardware devices during boot time. Any computer that meets the minimum recommended specification for BOSS GNU/Linux can boot from a CD or DVD drive with the first disc.If you are not sure what capabilities your computer has, or how to configure the BIOS, consult the documentation provided by the manufacturer. Detailed information on hardware specifications and configuration is beyond the scope of this document. Aborting the InstallationTo abort the installation process at any time before the Installing Packages screen, either press Ctrl+Alt+Del or power off the computer with the power switch. BOSS GNU/Linux makes no changes to your computer until package installation begins. 15
2.3 Booting from DiscTo boot your computer from disc: 1. Switch on the computer. 2. Insert the disc into the DVD drive. 3. A screen appears to ask for a booting option., 1. Start BOSS Live (or) 2. Install BOSS 4. Booting through "BOSS Live" will take you a tour around BOSS virtually . Using this Live Boot you can check out the BOSS desktop and its applications and once you are satisfied with BOSS., you can come back and choose for "Install BOSS". 5. Below is a set of Help options from F1 to F6 where you can find more information about BOSS and installation steps. Figure 1. Boot ScreenIf you select "Install BOSS" and press Enter, the installation runs in default mode. In the default mode, the installation runs from DVD , and uses a graphical interface. If you want any changes with the kernel options., Press F9 for help and you can do the editing. Few possible and useful kernel options are listed below. ➢ To install from a hard drive or network server, add the directive askmethod. ➢ To use a text interface, add the directive text. 16
➢ To retry installation because the installation aborted at an early stage, add the directive acpi=off. During this step you can type F1 which will display the help for other modes of installation like expert mode installation, beginner mode installation etc.2.4 Language SelectionThe installation program displays a list of languages which are supported by BOSS GNU/Linux. Select the Language as "English" / "Tamil" / "Hindi" (or any other). Click "Continue" to proceed. Figure 2. Language Selection Screen 17
2.5 Country Selection Next the country selection screen appears. Select the appropriate country from the list. Click "Continue" and proceed further Figure 3. Country Selection Screen2.6 Keyboard ConfigurationThe installation program displays a list of the keyboard layouts supported by BOSS GNU/Linux. Highlight the correct layout on the list, and select "Next". Figure 4. Keyboard Configuration Screen 18
2.7 Network ConfigurationConfiguring Network AutomaticallyIf you have a DHCP Server, then the Network will be automatically configured. There is no need for the user to bother about the network configuration. Figure 5. Network Configuration Click "Continue" to proceed.Configuring Network ManuallyIf that is not the case, you need to manually configure the network. When the DHCP server is not available, the following screen appears which means you need to configure manually. Figure 5.1 Network ConfigurationClick on "Continue" to proceed towards Manual Network configuration. 19
Figure 5.2 Network Configuration Select "Configure Network Manually" and set the IP address and configure network. Figure 5.3 Network Configuration 20
The screen shots are as follows: Figure 5.4 Network Configuration Figure 5.5 Network Configuration 21
Figure 5.6 Network Configuration2.8 Disk Partitioning SetupIf you are new to Linux, you may want to use the automatic partitioning method. If you are a more experienced Linux user, use the manual partitioning method for more control over your system configuration, or select and modify the automatically defined partitions.The Screen below shows the way you would like to partition. These are the following ways in which you can partition the hard diska)Automatic partitioningb)LVM partitioningc)Manual partitioning.a) Automatic PartitioningBy selecting automatic partitioning ,you will not have to use partitioning tools to assign mount points,create partitions,or allocate space for your installation. You will be provided with two options in automatic partition ➢ Format entire Hard Disk ➢ Use Existing Hard disk Space 22
Figure 6.1 Format Entire Hard Disk Figure 6.2 Use the largest Free Space Available 23
Figure 6.3 Allot the space for different directoriesb) LVM partitioningLVM is a tool for logical volume management which includes allocating disks, resizing logical volumes. The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) enables flexible distribution of hard disk space over several file systems. As it is difficult to modify partitions on a running system, LVM was developed. It provides a virtual pool (Volume Group — VG for short) of memory space from which logical volumes (LV) can be generated if needed. The operating system accesses these instead of the physical partitions. 24
The screen shots are as follows: Figure 6.4 LVM Partitioning Figure 6.5 Select the disk to partition 25
Figure 6.6 LVM Partitioning Figure 6.7 Finish Partitioning 26
Figure 6.8 LVM PartitioningFigure 6.9 LVM Partitioning 27
Use Existing Hard disk SpaceThis means that you need to have an empty unpartitioned free space which is not used for any other OS like Windows or Linux. Once you select this option it will ask you for the partition space details and then format it, later the installation proceeds. c)Manual PartitioningCreating a new partitionTo partition manually , the following screen shots will help you setting up the partition. 1. A screen with name "Partition disks" will be displayed. In that click "Manual" and then click "Continue." 28
2. After clicking "Manual" a screen will be displayed which contains overview of your currently configured partitions. Click on free space and then click "Continue".3. Create new partition for BOSS GNU/Linux by double clicking "Create a new partition" 29
4. A screen appears showing the maximum size that can be assigned for this partition. In this screen change the size to your required size. The minimum should be 2.0 GB. Then click "Continue". 30
5. Select the type for the new partition. 6. Specify whether the partition should be at the beginning or at the End. 31
7. Click "Done setting up the partition" and then click "Continue".After selecting the partition for the "/", you need to select a partition for the "swap" space. If you are already having linux installed on your system then you will be having a swap space in your system. If so no need of another swap space. The swap should be double the RAM size. If there is no swap space then create a new swap space. The screen shots are as follows: 8. Create a swap area of 1GB from free space. 32
9. Click "Create a new partition" and then click "Continue".10. Specify the partition size for swap area as 1.0 GB. 33
11. Select the type for the new partition.12. Specify whether the partition should be at the beginning or at the End. 34
13. Change default file system ext3 to swap by double clicking "Ext3 journaling file system" in the screen shown below.14. Double click "swap area". 35
15. Creation of swap area is completed. Click "Done setting up the partition" and then click "Continue"16. Finish the partitioning process. 36
17. Write the changes to disk by clicking "Yes".Deleting the hard disk partitionTo partition manually , the following screen shots will help you setting up the partitioning separately for "/" and "swap". 1. A screen with name "Partition disks" will be displayed. In that click on "Manual" and then click on "Continue." 37
2. After clicking "Manual" a screen will be displayed which contains overview of your currently configured partitions and mount points. Then click on partition which you want to delete and then click "Continue".3. Click on "Delete the partition" and then click "Continue". 38
4. Once that partition is deleted you will get some free space.5. To create a new partition using that free space doubleclick on "Create a new partition". 39
6. In the next screen specify the new partition size. The minimum size should be 2.0GB. 7. Select the type for the new partition. 40
8. Specify whether the partition should be at the beginning or at the End.9. Click "Done setting up the partition" and then click "Continue". 41
After selecting the partition for the "/", you need to select a partition for the "swap" space. If you are already having linux installed on your system then you will be having a swap space in your system. If so no need of another swap space. The swap should be double the RAM size. If there is no swap then create a new swap space. The screen shots are as follows: 10. Create swap area of 1GB from free space 11. Create new swap area by double clicking "Create a new partition". 42
12.Specify the partition size for swap area as 1.0 GB.13. Select the type for the new partition. 43
14. Specify whether the partition should be at the beginning or at the End.15. Change default file system ext3 to swap by double clicking "Ext3 journaling file system" in the screen shown below. 44
16. Double click on "swap area".17. Creation of swap area is completed. Click on "Done setting up the partition" and then click "Continue" 45
18. Finish the partitioning process.19. After all the partitions are allocated, you need to write the changes to disk. For this select "Yes" in in the following screen and then click "Continue". 46
Resizing the Hard disk PartitionTo resize hard disk partition at the time of installing BOSS GNU/Linux on system, follow these steps: 1. A screen with name "Partition disks" will be displayed. In that click "Manual" and then click "Continue." 2. After clicking "Manual" a screen will be displayed which contains overview of your currently configured partitions and mount points. Then click on the partition which you want to resize and then click "Continue". 47
3. Double click on "Resize the partition".4. It will ask for write the changes to disk or not. Click "Yes" and then click "Continue". 48
5. This screen will show by default maximum size as a new partition size which you can change as per requirement. You can give new partition size 2 GB more than whatever required to that particular file system then click "Continue".6. Now you have done resizing. You will get some free space to install BOSS GNU/Linux. Click on free space. 49
7. Create new partition for BOSS GNU/Linux by clicking "Create a new partition".8. Give partition size for BOSS GNU/Linux installation it should be minimum 2.0 GB 50
9. Select the type of partition.10. Specify whether the partition should be at the beginning or end. 51
11. Partition setting is covered. Click "Done setting up the partition" and click "Continue".After selecting the partition for the "/", you need to select a partition for the "swap" space. If you are already having linux installed on your system then you will be having a swap space in your system. If so no need of another swap space. The swap should be double the RAM size. If there is no swap then create a new swap space by following the steps 8 to 15 in "Creating a new partition" section. 12. Finish the partitioning process. 52
13. After all the partitions are allocated, you need to write the changes to disk. For this select "Yes" in in the following screen and then click "Continue". 2.9 Setting the System ClockAfter the partitions are completed the next step is to set the System clock. A screen appears as shown below. Click "Yes" and then click "Continue" to proceed. Figure 7. Setting System Clock 53
2.10 Installing the Base SystemBOSS GNU/Linux is ready to install the packages into your system now. 2.11 Set the Root PasswordEvery Linux uses a special account named root for system administration. The rootaccount on every Linux system is only limited by SELinux. It is not subject to any other normal account restrictions. As the system owner or administrator, you may sometimes require unrestricted access to configure or modify the system. In those cases, use the root account. Avoid logging in to BOSS as root when possible. Any administration tools which require root privileges will prompt you for the password. The root account may potentially control any part of the system, use the following guidelines to create a good password: ➢ Use a combination of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation and other characters. ➢ Do not use a word or name. Obscuring the word or name with substitute characters is not effective. ➢ Do not use the same password for more than one system. The following are examples of good passwords: ➢ f9*@1Ls99A ➢ HL8$391%%rb ➢ Iwtb,10^th Enter the root password into the Root Password field. Type the same password into the Confirm field to ensure that it is set correctly. 54
Figure 8. Set Root Password2.12 Create User Account Next step is to create a user account and setting password for the user. You can use this user account for logging into BOSS GNU/Linux. And this user will be used for auto login to BOSS GNU/Linux after certain time period. The screen shots are as follows: Figure 9. Set up user account 55
Figure 9.1 Set up user accounts username Figure 9.2 Set up user accounts password 56
2.13 Software SelectionThe first step is to select the packages to be installed. Here BOSS GNU/Linux provides five categories of packages with a DVD.Gnome Desktop Environment: This installs the GNOME, Office, Games, Editors, Icedove mail client , softwares essential for printing etc. All Desktop Based packages, and this options will be enabled by defaultKDE Desktop Environment:This installs the KDE, Office, Games, Editors, KMail client softwares essential for printing etc. All Desktop Based packages, and this options will be enabled by defaultLaptop: This installs the laptop related tools like wirelesstools etc.Standard System:This option is enabled by default, as this includes all the standard packages for a system to work properly and some additional packages. BOSS GNU/Linux recommends not to disable this option. Figure 10.a Software SelectionIn the listed options it is very much needed to set the Standard System always selected., since it installs the basic set of Linux. And along with that it is highly recommended to select atleast one Desktop Environment say Gnome or KDE., for the user to have Graphical User interface. 57
Figure 10.b Selection of Gnome Desktop Figure 10.c Selection of Both Gnome and KDE 58
The above pictures shows the selection of both the desktops in the system. So both Gnome and KDE desktops get installed with all their applications. The user can always make a choice between the two desktops., (ie. whether he needs a GNOME Desktop Environment with all the Gnome applications or a KDE Desktop Environment with all the KDE applications ) in every login.2.14 Selecting the Default Display ManagerThis situation will occur if and only if you have chosen to install both Gnome and KDE desktop together in your system. Normally both the desktop environments have their own Login Managers say ● GDM – GNOME Display Manager ● KDM – KDE Display ManagerBoth of these managers are responsible for displaying the Login Window., which prompts for a Username and Password entry in their own way and with their own configuration settings.If the user is installing Gnome desktop environment alone then GDM will get installed without any question to the user and similarly if only KDE is installed then KDM will get installed without any queries. But if the user selects both the desktop environment to get install, then you will be prompted to choose the default Display Manager to be used.The user has to choose any one of the Display Manager whichever he feels comfortable 59
with.Note: If a user selects to install both Gnome and KDE desktops and if he has chosen GDM as the Default Display Manager, then the system will login to GNOME environment by default. If the user wants to change KDE as the default desktop, it can do that just by changing the "Default Session" as KDE in the Login Window. It is the same for the reverse case also.And also, if a user has specified KDM to be the Default Display Manager and if he wants to change as GDM he can very well do that at any point of time. Follow the below steps to do that..Open a terminal from Applications > Accessories > TerminalType sudo dpkgreconfigure kdm or sudo dpkgreconfigure gdmand in the window you can change the Display Manager as you wish.2.15 Setting ResolutionThe following screen appears. By default the last three options will be selected. Click "Continue" to proceed. Figure 11.1 Setting Resolution 60
Figure 11.2 Setting Resolution2.16 Samba ServerThe screen shots for Samba Server are as follows:In the above screen there is no need to give any workgroup/Domain Name. Click "Continue" to proceed. 61
Click "Yes" and click "Continue" to proceed.Once the installation process gets completed the system restarts automatically. Enjoy working with BOSS GNU/Linux. 62
3. GNOME DesktopGNOME is a Graphical User Interface that has many applications designed to help you in your daily work.3.1 Logging In and Selecting a DesktopTo start a normal login, just enter your username and password.LanguageBy default the desktop will be displayed in English. To change the language click "Language" and select the language of your choice. While logging in the desktop will be displayed in the selected language.Session TypeSpecifies the desktop to run when you log in. If desktops other than GNOME are installed, they appear in the list. Make changes only if you want to use a session type other than your default (The default session is specified during installation). Future sessions are automatically of the same type unless you change the session type manually.SystemPerforms a system action, such as shutting down the computer or starting different login actions. Remote Login enables you to log in on a remote machine.3.1.1 Switching DesktopsIf you installed both the GNOME and the KDE desktops, use the following instructions to switch desktops. 1. If you are logged in to GNOME, select System > Log Out... . On the following login screen, click "Session". 2. Select the KDE desktop. 3. Enter your username. 4. Enter your password. The KDE desktop is started. 5. To switch back to GNOME again, click K Menu > Log Out... The session is closed and the login screen reappears. 6. Before logging in again, click "Session" and select GNOME in the login screen. 63
3.1.2 Locking Your ScreenTo lock the screen use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+ Alt+L.3.2 Logging OutWhen you are finished using the computer, you can log out and leave the system running or restart or shut down the computer. If your system provides power management, you can also suspend the computer, making the next system start much faster than a complete boot.To log out and leave the system running, do one of the following: ● Select System > Log Out.... ● Use the keyboard shortcut that is defined in the GNOME keyboard shortcuts. Usually, to log out with confirmation, this is Ctrl+Alt+Del. 3.3 Desktop ComponentsThe main components of the desktop are the icons on the desktop and the panel at the top and bottom of the screen. 64
3.3.1 Desktop IconsThe desktop has the following icons by default:Trash Contains files and folders that have been deleted. ComputerDisplays information about hardware, network status, operating system, hard disks, common folders, and removable devices.HomeDisplays the files and folders in the home folder.3.3.2 PanelThe panel is a bar, typically located at the top and bottom of the screen. It is designed to provide information about running applications or the system and easy access to some applications. If you hold your pointer over an icon on the panel, a short description is displayed.Top PanelThe top panel typically consists of the following items:Menu BarBy default, Menu Bar appears at the left end of the panel. The Menu Bar has a wellordered structure for accessing the main applications. It also contains menu items for major functions like logging out or searching for applications. The following icons by default appears in the right side of the top panelNotification AreaThe notification icons like Update Manager, Compiz Fusion Icon appears in the notification area.ClockThe clock icon displays the current date and timeVolume ControlThe Volume Control icon is useful for controlling the speaker volume.Window SelectorThis icon when clicked displays the applications running on different windows.Bottom PanelThe bottom panel consists of the following items: 65
Show DesktopThis icon appears at the left side of the bottom panel. Click that icon to hide all the windows and show the desktop.Window ListThe Window List is located next to the "Show Desktop" icon. By default, all started applications and open windows are displayed in the Window List, which allows you to access any application regardless of the currently active desktop. If you click a window title in the Window List, the application is moved to the foreground. If it is already in the foreground, clicking minimizes the application.Workspace SwitcherBy default, the right end of the bottom panel has an icon which shows your different desktops. These virtual desktops enable you to organize your work. If you use many programs simultaneously, you might want to run some programs in one desktop and other programs in the other desktop. To switch between desktops, click the desktop symbol in the panel.3.4 Handling Removable MediaIf you insert or connect removable media to your computer (such as CDROMs or USB sticks), these are usually mounted automatically. 66
3.4.1 Removing Media SafelyIf you want to remove or disconnect a medium from your computer, make sure that the data on the medium is currently not accessed by any application or user. Otherwise, you risk a loss of data. To safely remove the medium rightclick the medium to remove and select "Safely Remove" or "Eject". "Safely Remove" unmounts the medium after which you can disconnect the medium from your computer. "Eject" automatically opens the CD or DVD drive of your computer.3.5 Managing Trash The trash is a directory for files marked for deletion. Drag icons from the file manager or the desktop to the trash icon by keeping the left mouse button pressed. Then release to drop them there. Alternatively, rightclick an icon and select "Move to Trash" from the menu. Doubleclick the trash icon to view its contents. You can retrieve an item from the trash if desired.Files removed with Shift+Delete are not moved to the trash bin, but deleted completely. To delete the files in the trash bin completely, rightclick the trash bin icon then click "Empty Trash".3.6 Managing Folders and Files with NautilusNautilus is a file manager. The following sections cover using Nautilus for file management. 67
3.6.1 File Manager FunctionalityThe Nautilus file manager provides a simple and integrated way to manage your files and applications. You can use the file manager to do the following: ● Create folders and documents ● Display your files and folders ● Search and manage your files ● Run scripts and launch applications ● Customize the appearance of files and folders ● Open special locations on your computer ● Write data to a CD or DVD ● Install and remove fontsThe file manager lets you organize your files into folders. Folders can contain files and may also contain other folders. Using folders can help you find your files more easily.Nautilus also manages the desktop. The desktop lies behind all other visible items on your screen. The desktop is an active component of the way you use your computer.Every user has a Home Folder. The Home Folder contains all of the users files. The desktop is another folder. The desktop contains special icons allowing easy access to the users Home Folder, Trash, and also removable media such as floppy disks, CDs and USB flash drives.Nautilus is always running while you are using GNOME. To open a new Nautilus window, doubleclick on an appropriate icon on the desktop such as "Home" or "Computer", or choose an item from "Places" menu on the top panel.In GNOME many things are files, such as word processor documents, spreadsheets, photos, movies, and music.3.6.2 File Manager PresentationNautilus provides two modes in which you can interact with your filesystem: spatial and browser mode. You may decide which method you prefer and set Nautilus to always use this by selecting (deselecting) "Always open in browser windows" in the "Behavior" tab of the Nautilus preferences dialog.The following explains the difference between the two modes:Browser mode: browse your files and foldersThe file manager window represents a browser, which can display any location. Opening a folder updates the current file manager window to show the contents of the new folder.The browser window displays a toolbar with common actions and locations, a location bar that shows the current location in the hierarchy of folders, and a sidebar that can 68
hold different kinds of information.In Browser Mode, you typically have fewer file manager windows open at a time. Spatial mode: navigate your files and folders as objects The file manager window represents a particular folder. Opening a folder opens the new window for that folder. Each time you open a particular folder, you will find its window displayed in the same place on the screen and the same size as the last time you viewed it (this is the reason for the name spatial mode).Using spatial mode may lead to more open file manager windows on the screen. 3.6.3 File Browser Window ComponentsThe nautilus file browser window consists of the following elements:Menu BarYou can also open a popup menu from file manager windows. To open this popup menu rightclick in a file manager window. The items in this menu depend on where you rightclick. For example, when you rightclick on a file or folder, you can choose items related to the file or folder. When you rightclick on the background of a view pane, you can choose items related to the display of items in the view pane. 69
ToolbarContains buttons that you use to perform tasks in the file manager. ● Back returns to the previously visited location. The adjacent drop down list also contains a list of the most recently visited locations to allow you to return to them faster. ● Forward performs the opposite function to the "Back" toolbar item. If you have previously navigated back in time then this button returns you to the present. ● Up moves up one level to the parent of the current folder. ● Reload refreshes the contents of the current folder. ● Home opens your Home Folder. ● Computer opens your Computer folder. ● Search opens the search bar.Location BarThe location bar is a very powerful tool for navigating your computer. ● Zoom buttons Enable you to change the size of items in the view pane. ● View as dropdown list Enables you to choose how to show items in your view pane.Side PanePerforms the following functions: ● Shows information about the current file or folder. ● Enables you to navigate through your files.To display the side pane, choose View > Side Pane. The side pane contains a dropdown list that enables you to choose what to show in the side pane. You can choose from the following options: ● Places Displays places of particular interest. ● Information Displays the icon and information about the current folder. ● Tree Displays a hierarchical representation of your file system. You can use the Tree to navigate through your files. ● History Contains a history list of files, folders, FTP sites, and URIs that you have recently visited. ● Notes Enables you to add notes to your files and folders. ● Emblems Contains emblems that you can add to a file or folder.To close the side pane, click on the "X" button at the top right of the side pane. 70
3.6.4 Searching For FilesThe Nautilus file manager includes an easy and simple to use way to search for your files and folders. To begin a search press Ctrl+F or select the "Search" toolbar button.Enter characters present in the name or contents of the file or folder you wish to find and press Enter. The results of your search should appear in the view pane If you are not happy with your search you can refine it by adding additional conditions. This allows you to restrict the search to a specific file type or location. To add search conditions click the "+" icon. 71
126.96.36.199 Saving SearchesNautilus searches can also be saved for future use. Once saved, searches may be reopened later. Saved searches behave exactly like regular folders, for example you can open, move or delete files from within a saved search.3.6.5 Using Views to Display Your Files and FoldersThe file manager includes views that enable you to show the contents of your folders in different ways, icon view, and list view. ● Icon view Shows the items in the folder as icons. ● List view Shows the items in the folder as a list.3.6.6 Moving a File or FolderYou can move a file or folder by dragging it with the mouse, or with the cut and paste commands. The following sections describe these two methods.Drag to the New LocationTo drag a file or folder to a new location, perform the following steps: 1. Open two file manager windows: ● The window containing the item you want to move. ● The window you want to move it to, or the window containing the folder you want to move it to. 72
2. Drag the file or folder that you want to move to the new location. If the new location is a window, drop it anywhere in the window. If the new location is a folder icon, drop the item you are dragging on the folder.To move the file or folder to a folder that is one level below the current location, do not open a new window. Instead, drag the file or folder to the new location in the same window.Cut and Paste to the new locationYou can cut a file or folder and paste the file or folder into another folder, as follows: 1. Select the file or folder that you want to move, then choose Edit > Cut. 2. Open the folder to which you want to move the file or folder, then choose Edit > Paste. 3.6.7 Copying a File or FolderYou can copy a file or folder by dragging it with the mouse, or with the copy and paste commands. The following sections describe these two methods. Drag to the New LocationTo copy a file or folder, perform the following steps: 1. Open two file manager windows: ● The window containing the item you want to move. ● The window you want to move it to, or the window containing the folder you want to move it to. 2. Drag the file or folder that you want to move to the new location. If the new location is a window, drop it anywhere in the window. If the new location is a folder icon, drop the item you are dragging on the folder.To copy the file or folder to a folder that is one level below the current location, do not open a new window. Instead, grab the file or folder, then pressandhold Ctrl. Drag the file or folder to the new location in the same window.Copy and Paste to the New LocationYou can copy a file or folder and paste the file or folder into another folder, as follows: 1. Select the file or folder that you want to copy, then choose Edit > Copy. 2. Open the folder to which you want to copy the file or folder, then choose Edit > Paste. 73
3.6.8 Duplicating a File or FolderTo create a copy of a file or folder in the current folder, perform the following steps: 1. Select the file or folder that you want to duplicate. 2. Choose Edit > Duplicate. A copy of the file or folder appears in the current folder. 3.6.9 Creating a FolderTo create a folder, perform the following steps: 1. Open the folder where you want to create the new folder. 2. Choose File > Create Folder. Alternatively, rightclick on the background of the window, then choose "Create Folder". An untitled folder is added to the location. The name of the folder is selected. 3. Type a name for the folder, then press Enter.3.6.10 Renaming a File or FolderTo rename a file or folder perform the following steps: 1. Select the file or folder that you want to rename. 2. Choose Edit > Rename. Alternatively, rightclick on the file or folder, then choose "Rename...". The name of the file or folder is selected. 3. Type a new name for the file or folder, then press Enter.3.6.11 Moving a File or Folder to TrashTo move a file or folder to Trash perform the following steps: 1. Select the file or folder that you want to move to Trash. 2. Choose Edit > Move to Trash. Alternatively, rightclick on the file or folder, then choose "Move to Trash".Alternatively, you can drag the file or folder to the Trash object on the desktop.When you move a file or folder from a removable media to Trash, the file or folder is stored in a Trash location on the removable media. To remove the file or folder permanently from the removable media, you must empty Trash. 74
3.6.12 Deleting a File or FolderWhen you delete a file or folder, the file or folder is not moved to Trash, but is deleted from your filesystem immediately. The "Delete" menu item is only available if you select the "Include a Delete command that bypasses Trash" option in the Edit > Preferences dialog.To delete a file or folder perform the following steps: 1. Select the file or folder that you want to delete. 2. Choose Edit > Delete. Alternatively, rightclick on the file or folder, then choose "Delete".Alternatively, select the file or folder you want to delete, and press Shift+Del3.6.13 Creating a Symbolic Link to a File or Folder A symbolic link is a special type of file that points to another file or folder. When you perform an action on a symbolic link, the action is performed on the file or folder to which the symbolic link points. However, when you delete a symbolic link, you delete the link file, not the file to which the symbolic link points.To create a symbolic link to a file or folder, select the file or folder to which you want to create a link. Choose Edit > Make Link. A link to the file or folder is added to the current folder.Alternatively, grab the item to which you want to create a link, then pressandhold Ctrl+Shift. Drag the item to the location where you want to place the link.By default, the file manager adds an emblem to symbolic links.The permissions of a symbolic link are determined by the file or folder to which a symbolic link points.3.6.14 File PermissionsPermissions are settings assigned to each file and folder that determine what type of access users can have to the file or folder. For example, you can determine whether other users can read and edit a file that belongs to you, or only have access to read it but not make changes to it.Each file belongs to a particular user, and is associated with a group that the owner belongs to. The super user "root" has the ability to access any file on the system.You can set permissions for three categories of users:Owner The user that created the file or folder.Group A group of users to which the owner belongs.Others All other users not already included. 75


text:
|By Marketwired .
Article Rating:
|November 6, 2012 12:00 AM EST
STUTTGART, GERMANY -- (Marketwire) -- 11/06/12 -- VISION 2012 - Lumenera Corporation, www.lumenera.com, a leading manufacturer and developer of high performance digital cameras and custom imaging solutions for industrial, scientific and surveillance markets, today announced at VISION 2012 that its USB 3.0 CMOSIS sensor-based camera series is now shipping.
The Lt425 and Lt225 were created for speed using the latest USB 3.0 technology to ensure the fastest image delivery, up to 170 fps at maximum resolution. Image captures can be synchronized using either a hardware or software trigger and are complemented by 128 MB of onboard memory. Built-in memory buffer guarantees the delivery of images. Images are never lost due to competing requests on a host computer, as the images are temporarily held within the camera until the host computer is ready to receive them.
The compact, lightweight design of this camera, measuring 40 x 40 x 53 mm, ensures easy integration into tight spaces with 4 mounting points on all 4 sides. The fully locking USB 3.0 cabling and digital interface ensure a simple plug-and-play installation. No framegrabber is required. Simplified I/O cabling is provided through a locking Hirose connector supporting external power input along with 1 optically isolated output, 1 optically isolated input and 2 configurable I/O ports. The Lt225 and Lt425 camera series is offered in color or monochrome as well as NIR models.
"The built-in camera memory in the Lt camera series delivers a dependable, reliable flow of quality images, without exception." said Dany Longval, Director of Product Management at Lumenera Corporation. "This is very important for mission critical applications such as transportation, high-speed inspection and motion capture."
Live demonstrations are available at the VISION 2012 tradeshow from November 6 to 8, 2012 in Stuttgart, Germany, Hall 1, booth C42. Contact Lumenera at [email protected] to schedule a viewing, or visit their website at www.lumenera.com for additional information.
About Lumenera
Lumenera Corporation, a division of Roper Industries, and headquartered in Ottawa, Canada, is a leading developer and manufacturer of high performance digital cameras and custom imaging solutions. Lumenera cameras are used worldwide in a diverse range of industrial, scientific and security applications.
Lumenera solutions provide unique combinations of speed, resolution and sensitivity in order to satisfy the most demanding digital imaging requirements. Lumenera customers achieve the benefit of superior price to performance ratios and faster time to market with the company's commitment to high quality, cost effective product solutions. For further information about Lumenera, please visit www.lumenera.com or call 613-736-4077. To receive Lumenera press releases as they are issued, contact us at [email protected].
Tasha McDonald
Marketing Communications Specialist
1.613.736.4077 x113
[email protected]
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