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Monona Rossol on http://www.wnyc.org/http://www.wnyc.org/people/monona-rossol/2015-07-29T16:32:15-04:00Think Before You Ink 2015-07-29T16:32:15-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/story/permanent-effects-tattoo-ink/
The FDA lists several risks from tattoos on its website: Infection, Allergies, Scarring, Granulomas, and MRI complications. However, tattoo inks are regulated as cosmetics in this country, which means that there is no federal agency that reviews, or approves, tattoo inks. A study in Lancet revealed titanium, barium, aluminum, and copper are predominantly used as colorants in tattoos, and there is little scientific information about the lifetime internal exposure to these ingredients. Monona Rossol, industrial hygienist and president of Arts, Crafts & Theater Safety, Inc., will discuss the latest study on what is known, and what is unknown, about the safety of tattoos.
 Monona Rossol Answers Reader Questions on the Dangers of Beauty Products 2015-05-29T15:48:59-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/story/monona-rossol-answers-reader-questions-dangers-beauty-products/
On Wednesday, Monona Rossol, industrial hygienist and president of Arts, Crafts & Theater Safety, Inc., discussed the potential dangers of beauty products. You can hear her interview with Leonard above.

Many of our listeners had questions for Monona, and while she could not get to all of them during the interview, she has answered most of them here.

Monona's Answers to Comments and Questions

TO ALL: I was asked if there was anything left that we can use that is safe or safer. And here's what I think.

First, we certainly can try to avoid the handful of chemicals that clearly have been identified as bad actors such as formaldehyde, toluene, and dibutylphthalate.

But that usually leaves you with a product containing substitutes for those chemicals. If those chemicals have not been tested for long term hazards, it is impossible to know whether or not you have a safer product or not. You cannot assess risk without data.

So we need to then turn to another strategy which is to reduce or even eliminate exposure. Here's some methods:

Avoid using with products that are sprayed. Spraying releases large amounts of chemicals in forms that are easily inhaled.

Avoid using products that come in a fine powdered form. These can easily get airborne, are hard to control, and have the potential to get deep into the lungs.

Pay special attention to products that brag of being "nano" in particle size. Nanoparticle powders not only can get deeper into the lungs than normal particles. Some nanoparticles applied to the skin can go through the skin and into the body. The only nanoparticle that has had a significant amount of study and appears to be safe for use on normal skin are titanium dioxide nanoparticles in liquid make ups and sun screens. (Never use them on broken skin.) But a nano-sized face or bath powder should be rejected out of hand since in that form titanium dioxide is a NIOSH and IARC listed lung carcinogen.

Try to avoid using products containing solvents. If you must use solvents, provide ventilation. One open window, for example, is not much, if any, ventilation. Two open windows on opposite sides of a room with an exhaust fan in one of them will provide ventilation. So will special mechanical systems properly engineered to both bring air in and exhaust contaminated air out. It is not cheap.

Read those labels and google information about the toxicity of various ingredients from governmental, university or other reliable sources.* Sites like Skin Deep may help. Do not waste time reading the findings on any site that is also selling the products. And if you can't find anything much about the chemical, or if the only data you find is acute animal ingestion data, realize that the chemical is untested for chronic hazards and you are the potential lab rat.

And lastly, lets remember that none of the appearance enhancement chemicals are vital to your life. We complain that we are all too obsessed with our outward appearance. Yet most of us spend a lot of time conforming to that look anyway. Maybe it is really time to reexamine this need.

* NOTE: If you have some heavy duty science background, one of the sources you can exploit is EU or major US exporter's GHS SDSs (safety data sheets) on individual ingredients (not mixtures). At a glance, Section 11 on the SDS will tell you both which studies have been done and their findings and which tests have never been done.

Monona Rossol, M.S., M.F.A., Industrial Hygienist
President: Arts, Crafts & Theater Safety, Inc.
Safety Officer: Local USA829, IATSE
181 Thompson St., #23
New York, NY 10012 212-777-0062
firstname.lastname@example.com www.artscraftstheatersafety.org

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Answers to comments and questions:

Emmy

Great show. Thank you! I wanted to clarify. Are saying that Aloe Vera juice is carcinogenic?

May. 28 2015 09:47 AM

Emmy, I'm not saying it. I'm just agreeing with the evaluations of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and two other agencies. It only applies to whole aloe juice and to the aloe latex. The gel has been run through a charcoal filter to remove the cancer-causing anthraquinones. The experts are especially concerned about the products selling the aloe juice as a health drink or as a laxative. Same with products made from goldenseal roots and stems.

Monona

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Mark Kutner from NYC

Monona,

Great presentation. Is 12.5 mg. of hydrocholorothiazide every day for hypertension really a cancer risk ? What do you recommend ?

May. 27 2015 04:42 PM

Mark, I didn't see any human dose-response calculation in the monograph. So the only thing I know is I take twice the dose you do so you are at half the risk that I am. I'm seeing my Doc in a couple of weeks and going to ask about a "substitute" an then I'll have to look that up. It never ends, right?

Monona

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Toni Roberts from New York City

Thank you, Monona Rossol, for such an enlightening presentation.

I wept with and for the young man who lost his mother to the hair dye(s) that slowly murdered her over the years as she labored in order to earn the money to feed and shelter him.

Your voice--one of many--is sounding a call of awakening to our individual and collective sleeping consciousness. There is still hope and time for humanity to pull itself back from the brink of self-annihilation.

You are a "Light" in the world; a true daughter of Gaia!

May. 27 2015 02:58 PM

Toni, Thanks for the kind words. They mean a lot to me.

Monona

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Marco from Fort Lee

I wonder about a compound sold as dietary supplement called Ascorbyl Palmitate, further labeled as "fat soluble vitamin C."

I occasionally take it when I am exposed to petroleum products and other chemicals, and it *seems to me* to cause an obvious exiting of (some??) of the nasty compounds fairly quickly and through a subsequent bowel movement.

I believe that I can clearly tell when these toxic chemicals exit my system!

Any thoughts about this compound as a way to mitigate damage, and clear the body of some types of compounds quickly, when exposure is unavoidable? How about taking absorbyl palmitate on a regular basis?

May. 27 2015 01:02 PM

Dear Marco,

I'm not sure about the advantages of taking this product over plain or ascorbic acid because it is quickly metabolized into ascorbic acid and the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid. Maybe it is less acidic on your stomach before it breaks down? That might be helpful.

If you really can tell when toxic chemicals exit your system, you are unique among humans. And I'm not sure how this product helps remove petroleum products. The various petroleum derived chemicals each have unique metabolic pathways in the body and they break down and leave without assistance from this or any other product. I don't think a chemical with a laxative effect will significantly accelerate this process.

Monona

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 dboy

The "Truth" needs to be "told".

May. 27 2015 01:02 PM

Dear dboy, Thanks. That means a lot to me.

Monona

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 dboy

Dr Bronner's castile!

No BS and fair trade to boot!

Use it for everything!

May. 27 2015 01:00 PM

The simpler the soap, the better. And using a vegetable oil soap is best.

Monona

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 BrooklynBen

Hello and thank you for this ALWAYS interesting topic.

One preservative I see all the time in food is Sodium Benzoate. I assume this is the Sodium salt of Benzoic acid.

On one hand, I'm always suspicious of aromatic hydrocarbons and Benzoic Acid seems like something I'd like to avoid. Also, it always says "less than 1/10th of 1 percent," so it must be toxic.

On the other hand, it has been used widely for years. Also, it always says "less than 1/10th of 1 percent," so it must be highly diluted.

What is your take, Wynona? [sic Monona]

May. 27 2015 12:45 PM

Dear Ben,

Of all the sources out there, Wiki does the best job of pulling together all of the bits of information, both good and bad, about sodium benzoate. Take a look. But who ever wrote it was clearly in favor of this chemical because they said there were no adverse effects in humans at 647-825 mg/kg doses like they were bragging. Well.......if that is the limit, it is very acutely toxic to humans. It would have to show no effect at 5000mg/kg to be classed as "nontoxic" in the US. But over on the left of that page is an LD50 for rats of 4100/mg/kg which is more reassuring.

Wiki even talks about the conversion to benzene when sodium benzoate is in the presence of ascorbic acid. I could spend a lot of time talking to you about this chemical, but go to Wiki because a lot of it is there.

Monona

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chris from Teaneck, NJ

1. Can you do a follow up on EPA, OSHA, NY State OSHA, NYS EPA and NYC DEP and Consumer protection enforcement budgets. Give us an idea of how effective the enforcement is among the different agencies. Please also discuss under funding.

2. How much would the average price of a mani/pedi increase if wage and safety regulations were followed ?

Thanks

Chris

May. 27 2015 12:44 PM

Chris, Interesting. What you have asked for is an economic and environmental assessment. Those take a dozen people and a couple of years to do properly. But the fast and dirty answer to your question comes in two major parts: 1) the budgets do not provide enough inspectors and staff and 2) the regulations are so weak that they don't accomplish much even when they are enforced.

The easiest example was the one I gave in the program where OSHA's director, David Michael's, said he has enough inspectors to visit each work place for 15 minutes once every 133 years. But the other half of OSHA's problem is their regulations. The average fine for an employer of a worker who is killed on the job because the employer failed to follow a regulation is $6000. So killing a worker has become just a cost of doing business in some industries such as the construction industry or small manufacturing plants.

For EPA, the problem with failure to test is both budgetary and the legislated lack of power EPA has in the Toxic Substances Control Act. This law allows EPA to require an industry to test a chemical if EPA can prove (usually to a court) that the untested chemical poses a "significant risk!" How do you assess a risk in the absence of any data? That would be funny if it was not part of what is doing us all dirt. So of the 70,000 chemicals over which they have jurisdiction, they have managed to get some testing done on about 560. But EPA tests are not "people" tests as the rule. They are often more concerned about the fate of the chemical in the environment. So very little chronic hazard testing is done by EPA.

As for the NYC and NYS organizations, well.....I don't see them doing squat. I work all over the US. There are only two states I haven't work in. And every state has a kind of regulatory "personality." Here in NYC in particular, the rules are just ignored and flaunted alarmingly. For example, what you call the NY State OSHA is usually called PESH and it is the OSHA for public employees like school teachers. I deal with teachers. I have never met one that has been OSHA trained--as required by PESH--in hazard communication. They are clueless about the chemical hazards of their art materials or their home economics products. PESh is not enforcing their own laws.

You shouldn't have asked this question because I could go on all day, but you get the idea.

Monona

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Ali from manhattan

I know it's a broad question, but can you PLEASE point those of us who are eager to minimize our exposure (and our children's) to harmful chemicals towards some guidance on the matter besides eating organic, using products we have investigated as omitting several known carcinogens, using a proper water filtration system, and working towards legislative change?

thanks!

May. 27 2015 12:44 PM

Ali, I have written something at the beginning of this list to answer part of what you are asking. But for children in particular, the strategy has to be to concentrate on their life styles. Just how important is it to have gaudy fingernails, tattoos, piercings, or bright green hair? If we can get the kids to focus on things other than their appearance, they won't need the chemicals used in the "appearance enhancement industry."

Filtering your water even with a Britta will help. If you go to more elaborate systems the results can be even better. And that is a very good idea. Especially in NYC where so much of the water is going though old lead pipes.

Legislation must be done at the state levels. The federal government is simply no longer functioning. I have no power to organize to do this, but I will certainly help and support anyone who wants to try. California, Massachusetts, Vermont and several other states have passed laws banning some of the known toxic chemicals. That's a start. But as I pointed out in the broadcast, if this is not coupled with a rule requiring testing of the substitute chemicals, we are going nowhere with this.

Read the post that the top of this list for more ideas.

Monona

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Alix Clyburn

Thank you for such an enlightening yet depressing show. So I have an "appearance enhancement" quesiton. How do I color my resistant gray hair without risking cancer? I have dark hair. (Except for these unwelcome grays...)

May. 27 2015 12:44 PM

Alix, I like gray hair, even my own. So I'm not the one to ask. I can tell you the answer is NOT Grecian Formula. This product is the only legal use of lead acetate, a skin-absorbing lead compound.

There are supposed to be some new dyes that are not the old cancer-causing ones. If you find a product you want to use, e-mail me the chemical name of that dye. I'll look up its structure and give you my opinion. Meanwhile, think "distinguished."

Monona

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 emjayay

Hair loss lady: Seriously, it hasn't occurred to you to go to a doctor? Try a dermatologist. Hair loss can be the result of hormonal changes. But mostly it is thought to be auto-immune and in some cases related to stress. It is highly unlikely that it is a shampoo, unless accompanied by irritation.

Meanwhile, if you suspect the shampoo - why not, um, do something about it? One inexpensive alternative is to use Dove unscented soap and body wash everywhere including your hair. Two drugstore chains also have cheaper house brand clones for the body wash. It does not suggest it as a shampoo, but you may have noticed that many body washes do, and the ingredients are about the same as shampoo.

May. 27 2015 12:42 PM

Emjayjay, Nice advice. I agree. In fact the advice about using plain old soap for most uses is so sensible.

Monona

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Katie

Any recommendations for make up brands that aren't loaded with untested chemicals? Is organic makeup a safer way to go, or does that have its issues as well?

May. 27 2015 12:42 PM

Katie, I almost never recommend any brand. By the time I've investigated the ingredients and recommended it, they change their formulas. So I stick to talking about ingredients. And the word "organic" has so many definitions and meanings. It depends on who is certifying the product is organic and what criteria they are using.

Also go to the general comments I wrote at the beginning of this list for information on titanium dioxide in makeup.

Monona

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Jeneba from Brooklyn

Mosquitos hate clove oil... Hope this isn't carcinogenic because I spray it all over my body.... I think this is one of THE scariest shows I have ever experienced! Thanks, (I think).

May. 27 2015 12:39 PM

Jeneba, You must smell wonderful. The reason they usually sell pure clove oil in a very tiny bottle is that it is extraordinarily acutely toxic by ingestion. I don't think there is much data on exposure by skin contact except that about 1.5% of the population is estimated to be allergic to it. Spraying it and inhaling some of the spray is probably a good way to develop an allergy to it. So you just might be the lab rat for this unusual use. If you survive, let us know.

Monona

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wendy from manhattan

what about perfume and cologne?

May. 27 2015 12:38 PM

Wendy, Fragrances are so often allergens. Some perfumes also contain the phthalates we were talking about. Since it is not a necessary use of a chemical, is best to either eliminate them or use them very sparingly.

Monona

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Sarah

Party beads! the plastic colored bead necklaces used as party favors - they smell very strong and toxic, got a high from smelling them

May. 27 2015 12:34 PM

Sarah. I've never seen them. I have no idea what they are made of so I can't comment. If you find out more about them, I'd be interested in looking into it.

Monona

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The Truth from Rebekkah!

LIFE is a health hazard, better we discuss what Is NOT hazardous!!

I mean NOW you tell us about black hair dye??!!

May. 27 2015 12:34 PM

Ah, Rebekkah, you would be amazed at how many people don't know about the darker hair dyes. And there's some lighter ones as well. And you are right. No matter what we do to protect ourselves, none of us are getting out of here alive.

Monona

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Rob from Flemington NJ

Disturbing how industry and lobbying keeps consumers ignorant and exposed...SAN Trimer, as discussed in Dan Fagin's Toms River, and how it was lobby to be designated "non-carcinogenic" is deeply troubling...

May. 27 2015 12:34 PM

Rob, I think you are referring to the utterly amazing story of the dye industry in Toms River. If you know this story, you know exactly what I'm talking about. This same story is being repeated over and over in different areas of the country and with different people being harmed by different chemicals. The one player in the story is always the same--big industry.

Monona

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sophia

Has Monona looked into whether TTIP cause Europeans to lower their safety standards?

May. 27 2015 12:33 PM

Sophia, VERY GOOD QUESTION! We will have to see. Almost 2 million EU petitioners are protesting against this agreement. I don't know which way is going to go in the end, but the US is just trying to hurl a wrench into their safety regulations and GMO rules.

Monona

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Michelle from Brooklyn

Let's talk about mercury fillings! I am mortified about getting my removed.

May. 27 2015 12:30 PM

Michelle, Don't be mortified and don't get them removed. It's simple. Some things are just better to leave alone. Stay away from certain fish and your mercury levels will be as low as most people's. And stop and think about the exposure you get when those fillings are all being drilled out. And what are they going to replace them with? Some two-component plastic material that has an active chemical monomer in it.

Nah, sit back, unmortify, and spend that money on something you really want.

Monona

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 dboy

..."why"?!?!?

Because there are 94...MILLION!!

It's IMPOSSIBLE to regulate that many things of ANY kind!

May. 27 2015 12:28 PM

Dboy, You got it. And it is now over 98,100,000 chemicals. 29 million are available for catalog purchase and nobody knows whose buying what and where it is all going. So we have to concentrate on requiring industry to register the chemicals they are intending to use in products they sell us and then require toxicity testing of many of them. The template for this regulation is already in existence. Google REACH regulations in the EU.

Monona

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 dboy

All the costs of these narcissistic indulgences need to be factored into the price; environment, mitigation, labor etc... ALL of it!

A "manu-pedi" should probably be around $100!

May. 27 2015 12:24 PM

Dboy, I wouldn't even touch any stranger's foot for $100. They should be paid very well, indeed.

Monona

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Truth & Beauty from Brooklyn

You talk about all the chemicals, but just go down the cosmetic aisle of any drug store and see the number of companies and variety of colors of the nail polish. There's no escaping it.

What drives me crazy, in addition to all the toxic chemicals in the products themselves, is that so much of the packaging - packages as well as the compacts, mascara tubes and brushes, etc. - is not biodegradable. And, I think you spoke at another time about all the little plastic balls in the scrubs. I try to use only the ones with ground walnut shells, but there is so much about the cosmetic industry that is just plain wrong. But considering the customers - like 51% of the population - good luck trying to fix this.

May. 27 2015 12:24 PM

T & B, Yes, I know. Not likely it will be fixed in the short time I have left on this planet. But one has to take a swing at it anyway. There's a little Don Quixote in all of us.

Monona

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 dboy

Where does all this crap go when it's disposed of at a nail salon??

May. 27 2015 12:18 PM

Dboy, Nice question. We want to ventilated it all out of the salon and to the outside air. But in NYC, that "outside" can be right into some poor slob's window. So the ventilation has to be well designed.

Monona

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CR from Trystate

Lenny - so GIGGLY! Have you been sniffing nail polish remover?!?

May. 27 2015 12:15 PM

CR, We were both pretty giggly. We have a good time talking. Or maybe we drank too much strong coffee. I'll leave the diagnosis to you.

Monona

 Can Cosmetics Pose a Health Hazard? 2015-05-27T12:36:08-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/story/how-do-chemicals-cosmetics-affect-us/
In light of the New York Times articles on the nail salon industry, and the announcements by Gov. Cuomo and Mayor De Blasio to protect workers, Monona Rossol, industrial hygienist and president of Arts, Crafts & Theater Safety, Inc., discusses the potential dangers of beauty products. She discusses the chemicals found in common beauty supplies, potential health hazards from these products, and whether there are safer alternatives.

Contact.
 Organic Trees, Offensive Scents, and the "George Burns Theory of Toxicology." 2014-12-10T11:43:11-05:00http://www.wnyc.org/story/organic-trees-offensive-scents-and-george-burns-theory-toxicology/
Many listeners had questions for industrial hygienist Monona Rossol on yesterday's show. We didn't have time to address all of them on-air, but Monona was kind enough to answer listener questions here.

Sabrina from Manhattan
Monona Rossol is a national treasure. Her breadth and depth of knowledge is...staggering.
My question for Monona is about toxins in materials related to sculpture. twofold:
1) Burning wax. My mother, a sculptor, burned sheets of black wax indoors, upstairs in one of the bedrooms of our house, which she converted into a studio. She burned the wax in order to shape it into medium-sized sculptures, which were then cast in bronze at a foundry. This was in the 70s, when I was age 10-18. The air was unbreathable in the room in which she worked, and being someone prone to upper respiratory issues as a teen (bronchial infections, allergies like two others in the family, asthma later in life) I found it insupportable to even enter the room, though it permeated the entire upstairs. She wore only a small mask, a white covering over her mouth of the kind that one wears when there is dust in the air. She made well over 30 sculptures this way over the years. Later, she had a small bit of mouth cancer, which was successfully removed, and she has no respiratory issues. And it would be hard to say whether the exposure to wax was as impactful as that of...
2) Epoxy resin. My mother used epoxy resin consistently for many years on her sculptures, mainly her outdoor monumental sculptures, which she would carve parts of in Styrofoam--another favorite material. These were carved and epoxied in the garage as well as outdoors. Epoxy resin is a smell so deeply familiar to me it is like mother's milk--the kind of smell that you recognize even before you know what it is.
For someone as skeptical, as she is, that there was any toxicity whatsoever in this continuous exposure to burning wax, epoxy resin, and styrofoam carving, can you shed some light? Thanks very much.

Sabrina: Your mother sounds amazing. She proves the George Burns theory of toxicology, that is, some people can drink a fifth of gin a day, chain smoke cigars and live to 100. There clearly is nothing I could say that would change her convictions one whit. She especially wouldn't want to hear what it might have done to you living in this atmosphere as a child. My hope for you is that you have the same genes that have protected her.
-Monona

Jean H. from United States
I had to chime in on the Bath and Body Works comments...Monona raised the important issue of asthma being exacerbated by the potent scents in stores and from burning candles. I don't have asthma but suffer from frequent migraines, and many strong fragrances (even ones I like) trigger a migraine for me. I have mostly resigned myself to avoiding burning scented candles and to be very cautious when trying new scented lotions and soaps. Very interesting that Monona stated that burning candles release actual "toxins" into the air....

Jean: we have migraines in common. There was a perfume used way back in the 60s called Black Narcissus that could give me a blinding one in an instant. So I know you are not making this up.
The wax candles release a number of toxic and regulated chemicals when the burn. I refer you to an EPA Report called "Candles and Incense As Potential Sources of Indoor Air Pollution: Market Analysis And Literature Review," dated Jan. 2001. (Search for EPA-600/R-01-001). The EPA summarizes data from air tests from all the studies and compared the amounts of various chemicals emitted by burning candles: acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acrolein, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzo[a]pyrene, and naphthalene. If you read this study and have questions, I'll be happy to answer them.
-Monona

Mia (a farmer) from California
There are lots of organic trees available if you look. The reason you want an organic tree has more to do with what Organic means for soil, water and workers than it does for you having this non-edible crop in your home. All fir and pine trees are naturally pest-resistant and don't typically need a lot of chemical intervention.
Christmas trees are farmed like any herbaceous crop, they do not devastate the forests any more than kale does. Plastic trees, on the other hand, never biodegrade, are made in China from fossil fuels, and take money away from actual American farmers.

Mia: Most of what you say is true. But preventative pesticide spraying of green trees to protect them from mountain pine beetles and other bark insects is being done in many states.
-Monona

Charles from Manhattan
Does Bed Bath & Beyond have a machine that automatically blasts fragrance in to the air believing that it stimulates shopping?

Charles, Interesting question. I don't know. Could just be that the products are kept out and they outgas their fragrances. Department stores used to squirt perfumes into the air around the perfume counters. Maybe the do something like that.
-Monona

Taher from Croton on hudson
Johns may have used artist bee wax. It comes in blocks. It is melted in a can and mixed with oil colors/ pigments then painted on surface.

Taher: Paraffin also comes in blocks so it is hard to say. There is also wax made especially for encaustic paintings. It is a mix of waxes usually. From a chemist's point of view, highly refined paraffin is the clearest wax so colors would be unaltered by any color in the wax. Wax molecules are white or clear when melted. Beeswax is typically yellow from the presence of natural non-wax contaminants.
-Monona

Matthew from New York
In regards to going into stores that sell fragrances (ie. Bath and Bodyworks, Yankee Candle,etc.) I have some advice: If you have an issue with the strong fragrances in the store, don't complain to the staff or management. They have no control over it on their level and all they can do is listen to your complaint. Contact the corporate headquarters,if you want to make an impact. but be sure to stay humble. You might come off as another nuisance, after all, you're complaining to a company that sells fragrances. Just don't go into the store! People don't like "Negative Nancy's". (I've learned my lesson)

Matthew: I'm and old lady who very much enjoys her nuisance status. I have also been around long enough to know that businesses that don't listen to consumer complaints don't stay in business long. A complaint about something the sales person didn't do and can't control should not be taken personally. The sales person's job is simply to pass the complaint on to management to do with as they will. Cutting down the intensity of the odor might get more customers in the store.
-Monona

Barb from NYC
When you go into a store playing terrible music, at any time of year, I urge you to (1) complain to management, and (2) put in your earbuds and listen to your own music on your phone or iPod. I put music on my phone purely to drown out the hideous crap dished out by store PA systems, and it's so sweet to be able to shield my ears! Since nearly everyone carries a music player with them at all times, there's no excuse for stores foisting corporate music product on a captive audience!

Barb: You go, girl!
-Monona

JKV from WESTCHESTER
I agree with the caller about fragrances at Bed Bath and Beyond. Last time I was in the store, I took a sample of their free coffee. While riding up their escalator I became overwhelmed by smells and started choking to death and the coffee came spilling out of my mouth all over my coat.

JKV: More than I need to know, but very illustrative of the problem.
-Monona

Lynn Decker from NYC
 Intrigued by your guest's expertise on candles. Could she address the vogue for soy candles, which I take to be an avoidance of animal based components. Do soy candles have different safety properties than other materials?

Lynn, The data sheet that should be out soon goes into this issue in detail. Soy wax is wax. And wax is wax. There really is no health advantage what ever to burning soy wax over the other waxes.
While soy wax is derived from renewable source, I'm not at all sure there is less of a carbon footprint for them when you look at the issues extracting the oils from the beans with hexane solvents, decolorizing the oil with chlorine bleach, deodorizing it by steam distillation, and then taking this unsaturated oil and hydrogenating it with high heat and a toxic metal catalyst into and unsaturated wax.
-Monona

Tim in Queens
Two Christmases ago I was a guest at the home of a couple who had candles on their (live) tree. As the evening went on they got drunker and drunker, until they were almost unconscious. I was relieved when it came time to go home.

Tim: That's a really scary story. A lot of the candle fires reported by the National Fire Protection Association also involved alcohol.
-Monona

wayne johnson Ph.D. from Bk
Synthetic trees have their issues, but cutting down real trees devastates the forests.

Wayne: That too. Some tree farms have a regular schedule of growing and cutting down trees. Most trees don't come out of real forests anymore. But these tree farms also are not very useful habitat for wild life. It is the combination of trees of all ages, dead trees and brush that are best for wildlife.
-Monona

soigne (swan-yay) from Madison, NJ
What is the danger of exposure to residual pesticides and herbicides on a natural Christmas tree that is brought into the home?

Soigne: There were six or seven different pesticides that I saw being used for protection from various types of pine bark beetles. I would assume they could off gas in a warm room or there might be some exposure by skin contact. But I have never seen any studies or documentation of this potential hazard.
-Monona

jf from NY
HOW DARE YOU MISSREPRESENT THE CONCEPT OF UTOPIA. YOU MEAN DYSTOPIA! USE THE RIGHT WORD!THERE IS A WORD FOR THAT! USE IT! I AM A UTOPIAN. I AM EXTREMELY INSULTED BY THIS SLANDER, THE CONTENT OF YOUR BOOK, SUGGESTS YOU ARE A UTOPIAN TOO. WHY WOULD YOU SHAME THE CONCEPT OF A WORLD WHERE WE DO THE RIGHT THINGS! USE THE WORD DYSTOPIA!

JF: I'm speechless.
-Monona
 The Hazards of Christmas Decorations 2014-12-09T00:00:00-05:00http://www.wnyc.org/story/hazards-christmas-decorations/
Industrial hygienist Monona Rossol discusses the potential hazards of Christmas decorations, and the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission's proposed rules about them. A chemist and an artist, Rossol is the president and founder of Arts, Crafts and Theater Safety, Inc., a not-for-profit corporation dedicated to providing health and safety services to the arts. She is the author of Pick Your Poison: How Our Mad Dash to Chemical Utopia is Making Lab Rats of Us All.

Many listeners had questions for industrial hygienist Monona Rossol. We didn't have time to address all of them on-air, but Monona was kind enough to answer listener questions here.
 The Dangers of Dust 2014-08-12T12:39:06-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/story/dangers-dust/
Industrial hygienist Monona Rossol talks about the hazards of dust, and what chemicals and toxins are present in dust found in your home and in factories. A lot of dust is actually flammable—cotton dust, grain dust in silos, sawdust, and coal dust—that can be ignited just with static electricity. Rossol is President/founder of Arts, Crafts and Theater Safety, Inc. She also is the Health and Safety Director for Local 829 of the United Scenic Artists, International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE). Her most recent book is Pick Your Poison: How Our Mad Dash to Chemical Utopia Is Making Lab Rats of Us All.

 Monona Rossol Responds to Your Questions and Comments 2013-12-09T16:28:08-05:00http://www.wnyc.org/story/monona-rossol-responds-your-questions-and-comments/
On November 27, industrial hygienist and chemist Monona Rossol talked about a study that showed that rich people and poor people have different toxic substances in their bodies (listen to that interview here). She answered to some of the questions listeners left. Here are her responses:

gene from NYC

Rossol seems ill-infomed on e-cigs, and not very rigorous in her approach to science, or her language.

I'd have been more comfortable had she said e-cigs SEEM to be safer. But that is far from proven. As she herself said just moments earlier (in regards to US v. European regulations), it's unfair to expose innocents to unknown chemicals. I am worried that she has some influence on their use on stage.

Re: propylene glycol as "safe." Ingestion is FAR different from inhalation. Water is safe if ingested; fatal if inhaled.

E-cig vapor contains far more than propylene glycol. See PLOS One's "Metal and Silicate Particles Including Nanoparticles Are Present in Electronic Cigarette Cartomizer Fluid and Aerosol" for one study.

Plus, this is a highly unregulated field, with hundreds of manufacturers of varying levels of competence. You often really don't know what you're inhaling; let alone the danger of explosions/fires.

As a person acting/appearing as some sort of health authority, Rossol can't just mindlessly spout e-cig manufacturers' propaganda and then expect to be considered seriously in anything else she says.

Nov. 27 2013 01:51 PM

Dear Gene,

I'm glad to have an opportunity to answer this, actually. I hope others will also read what I have to say.

First, while you are right about there being no animal tests of propylene glycol by inhalation, there is 40 years of human experience since it is one of the major theatrical fog chemicals. And there are 5 studies of the fogs' effects in performers including a big NIOSH report. The glycols can cause, at high levels, vocal problems and upper respiratory irritation in performers. I personally think the glycols can cause asthma in some people, but there is only anecdotal evidence of this effect. However, the amount of glycol in those e-cigs are magnitudes less than the exposures that were found to cause these symptoms.

Second, the study to which you refer analyzed the smoke and found particles of a number of chemicals including boron, iron, aluminum, sulfur, zinc, tin, lead, boron, chromium, nickel, manganese, titanium, and lithium. There are also some low toxicity silicate particles which should not be confused with highly toxic crystalline silica.

It is reassuring that the amounts of the chemicals found in the smoke was small. I recalculated the study's data in order to compare it to the workplace air quality standards for these substances. I found that the amounts from even 200 puffs a day don't even come close to these standards.

The chart in the study also compares the amounts of each of these e-cig chemicals with the amounts of these same chemicals found ordinary tobacco cigarette smoke. In almost all cases, the amounts of these chemicals in real cigarettes are much larger that those in e-cig smoke.

The most troubling data in the study is that some of these e-cig particles are in the tiny hazardous nanoparticle size. And the tin particles are in the form of "whiskers" or needles, a form some toxicologists associate with cancer. Several of the metals are also associated with cancer. But these same cancer causing metal particles are in tobacco smoke. And many of the cigarette smoke particles also are in nanoparticle size.

Before accepting this data, we might consider flaws in the study itself. This online journal charges most contributors for publishing their articles. The articles are peer-reviewed, but most of the reviewers are from rather small universities and institutions. The study only looked at one brand of e-cig which they didn't identify when there actually are dozens of brands.

In summary, I think that this study is a heads up that there probably are some hazards associated with this fake smoke. But what they found, with the exception of the tin whiskers, is smaller amounts of the same chemicals that are in tobacco smoke. Plus tobacco smoke has thousands of other toxic chemicals in it. I will continue to advise actors on stage not to inhale when faking smoking.

Monona

Amy from Manhattan

JF, it's been promoted as a supposed utopia. "Better living through chemistry," remember? We've been told these chemicals do wonderful things, but the reality is that they're poisoning us. That's the whole point.

Nov. 27 2013 12:47 PM

Dear Amy, I think you've said this well.

Monona

Alicia from NYC

Just caught a bit of the talk on chelating to get rid of lead. May have missed something, but I have to comment. I (and one of my 3 cats) got lead poisoning in my mid-40's from removing paint from my 1911 apartment--the cat began losing a lot of weight, and I felt like I had the flu--achy joints and tired. We both had chelation (am I spelling that right?) and my symptoms and his cleared up completely. The cat had lost a few lives earlier (he was rescued) but lasted until 18, and I'm quite healthy and full of IQ points almost 20 years later.

Nov. 27 2013 12:43 PM

Dear Alicia, I suspect you both would have felt better in time without any chelation.

I paid tuition in the 1960s to get acute lead poisoning. We were taught to do dripped lead sculpture, where we literally used welding torches to melt bars of lead near our faces and drip the hot lead into our molds. We all came down with what appeared to be "flu." My flu included uncontrolled vomiting and diarrhea. As is typical, these symptoms did not occur during the work but some hours later since lead fume takes time to dissolve in the lungs. I felt rotten and was losing weight, just like you. After I stopped doing this work, I got better over time. And like your cat, I have lived a long time and I am still rather bright. But I know, from the massive amounts of data on this subject, that I lost a few IQ points during that period that will not come back. It is also likely that my high blood pressure today is related. I also know, that none of this would have changed for the better with chelation. And there is significant evidence that chelation would have caused more harm than good.

 Monona

Amy from Manhattan

I'm glad to hear that the precautionary principle is followed in Europe, & I hope market forces will lead the US to change its laws, or at least lead US corporations to change their practices. But I've been hearing about a proposed trade agreement called the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), which among other things would allow private companies to sue gov'ts. that enact laws banning toxic manufacturing practices & toxic chemicals in food & other products. Has Ms. Rossol heard about this, & if so, what does she think about it?

Nov. 27 2013 12:40 PM

Amy, you can rejoice! Every employer in the US is required to retrain their workers who use chemical products in the new labeling and safety data sheet system being used in the EU. And the law you are talking about is another attempt to try to stop this kind of progress. They will have a hard time since the new system adopted by the EU has also been adopted by almost all major countries including China and Japan. And now our own OSHA has put it into law.

There are also three bills that would stop individual states from passing laws restricting or banning chemicals in products. Those I am more worried about. Because waiting for our legislators to pass any chemical safety bills is futile.

Monona

jf from DYSTOPIA

THE DIESEL IS ALL OVER FROM TRUCKS. ALL DAY EVERY DAY BUMPER TO BUMPER Traffic in Brooklyn. SANITATION TRUCKS COULD COLLECT BIO-DIESEL AND USE IT IN THEIR TRUCKS! BIO DIESEL IS COMPRESSED NOT BURNT.

Nov. 27 2013 12:39 PM

Dear JF.

Bio or not, the fuel in a diesel engine is combusted to create the large volume of gases needed to cause the engine to run. And while it is better to use biofuels, the amount of carbon created in burning either fuel is roughly comparable.

Monona

Curtis from Bronx

Is it also the case that poor people's bodies contain more toxins because poor people tend to live in areas, neighborhoods, that contain factories and industrial complexes.

Nov. 27 2013 12:38 PM

Dear Curtis,

Absolutely. Read the whole study and you will see how they looked at a number of factors. But it is interesting that living in the world of the rich also contributes significant amounts to one's blood levels of toxic chemicals.

Monona

genejoke from Brooklyn

Lead poisoning? "LET IT HEAL ON IT'S OWN." Next caller ...

Nov. 27 2013 12:38 PM

Dear gene,

No, it doesn't "heal." But don't make the problem worse by getting the lead out of the bones, into the blood stream, and back to your brain, kidneys and other organs. And we also know that a significant portion of the chelated lead also goes back into the bones. I wish dearly it were not so. I wish there were effective and safe treatments for all of the pollutants. Sadly, there are not.

Monona

Flame retardants

here is the series: http://media.apps.chicagotribune.com/flames/index.html

[[Chemical companies, Big Tobacco and the toxic products in your home
 The average American baby is born with 10 fingers, 10 toes and the highest recorded levels of flame retardants among infants in the world. The toxic chemicals are present in nearly every home, packed into couches, chairs and many other products. Two powerful industries — Big Tobacco and chemical manufacturers — waged deceptive campaigns that led to the proliferation of these chemicals, which don't even work as promised.]]

Nov. 27 2013 12:37 PM

Right on! And every generation of babies carries more flame retardants, PCBs, DDT, phthalates, dioxins, etc., etc., than then last because babies are born carrying about the same body burdens as their mothers. It is a good reason we need to become active on this issue.

Monona

CLO

[[JF from THE FUTURE DON'T CALL IT UTOPIA WHEN YOU MEAN DYSTOPIA. AS A UTOPIAN I AM EXTREMELY OFFENDED. DON'T POISON THE WORD UTOPIA WITH IT'S OPPOSITE MEANING. HOW COULD YOU DO THAT? Nov. 27 2013 12:23 PM]]

In my Utopia, people know how to turn CAPS LOCK off.

Nov. 27 2013 12:36 PM

Dear JF,

I agree about the caps. No need. Actually, it was the editors at Wiley & Sons that chose the title. They know how most people interpret words. That's good enough for me. And I'm sure people would not have understood the subtitle if we said "how our mad dash to chemical dystopia....." Hell, I wouldn't have even understood that.

Monona

Flame retardants

Has the author seen the Chicago Tribune reporting on flame retardants in furniture that are hazardous and the DON'T actually slow down fire?

Nov. 27 2013 12:34 PM

Yes, there are a number of studies that show they are ineffective in some types of flame ignition scenarios. I have mixed emotions here, because of the work I do. On stage, it is vital that all fabrics, flats, drops, and sometimes costumes (e.g., when flame effects are used on stage), be fire retarded. History is full of terrible theater and nightclub fires with piles of bodies involved. I also was one of the expert witnesses for one of the people involved in the Rhode Island nightclub fire in which 100 people died due to ignition of a non fire retarded plastic foam used to line the band shell area. So I hope these people have REALLY thought this through.

And I hope these activists stay away from the issues in my theater and entertainment. Strange things go on stages. Besides, there are inorganic fire retardants that can be used in theater that do not have the hazards of the brominated chemicals these people are concerned with.

Monona

Molly from NYC

Because the people who work in the gov't regulated orgs that are supposed to protect the public, EPA, USDA, are from the corporate sector beholden to corp interests. It's not a mystery why all these chemicals are allowed into our environment, before they are tested or even allowed into our products.

Nov. 27 2013 12:33 PM

Dear Molly,

Well, don't be too hard on EPA or USDA. Neither have the budgets or the mandates needed to do their jobs well.

EPA in particular is supposed to abide by the rules in the Toxic Substances Control Act which only gives them jurisdiction over a portion of the chemicals that might be used and then they can only demand an industry do tests if they can PROVE that the chemical poses a significant risk. Now just how can EPA prove a chemical which has never been tested for toxicity poses a significant toxic risk? So you see, the framers of this legislation never wanted it to work in the first place.

Monona

Hal from NYC

Please explain, for the benefit of the gullible woo-woo types, the difference between the actual toxins the guest is referring to, and the metabolic by-products that new age quacks refer to as 'toxins' when they try to sell a variety of bogus 'detoxification' treatments, snake oils and therapies.

Nov. 27 2013 12:27 PM

Dear Hal.

The best place for that is the Centers for Disease Control's website. One of their publications, the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (yes, there actually is a publication with this name!) covers every year recalls of herbal products that have caused serious injury in a number of people. Remember, FDA has no jurisdiction over the supplement world until there is a documented problem. So they have to wait for a body count before they can act.

If you want to see an interesting collection of information on liver damage from herbal medicines, google using some of the following bits of information.

West J Med. 2002 January; 176(1): 39–44.

PMCID: PMC1071652

Evidence-Based Case Reviews

Making a diagnosis of herbal-related toxic hepatitis

Christine A Haller,1 Jo Ellen Dyer,2 Richard Ko,3 and Kent R Olson4

After you do that, you can do the same for kidneys, lungs, or any other organ or system--your choice.

Monona

Truth & Beauty from Brooklyn

Leonard: Perhaps you are speaking to the lowest common denominator, but, yes, it is best to use (well-cleaned) glass for storage (plastic is porous and things spoil faster in plastic than in glass), and yes, it is best to eat natural and organic. We depend too much on chem labs for production of foods that should not be made in chem labs. Food is something that is grown in the earth - or, in the case of meat, grazed on plants that are grown in the earth - and the closer we get to that primordial state of food, the healthier we will be. Of course, this also means that chem labs should not be permitted to pollute the soil, air or water, because there is runoff that can spread to the most pristine environments, but as industrialization seems to have contamination as its parallel, we are all doomed unless this pollution is stopped.

Nov. 27 2013 12:25 PM

Most of what you say I agree with. Be sure the glass is a soda, lime, boron, type of composition. There are lead glass containers still in production. And recycled glass usually contains a mish mash of types of glass. Many antique glass containers also may be radioactive. But most glass food containers made in the US for this purpose will be fine.

When getting food "grown in the earth," remember that most farm land is already so contaminated that it still will not be contaminant free even after the 4 year period required by some of the organic standards. Further, over the years all of the ground water in the US is no longer deemed fit to drink due primarily to pesticide, fertilizer, and animal waste runoff. So even if the farm is organic, there are still going to be soil and ground water irrigation contamination of the products. It might be better, but never perfect.

We just need to do the best we can while being realistic that there is nothing perfect out there.

Monona

jf from TRUTHLAND

Corporation are making these things. Corporations are dispersing these things. They are poisoning us. They don't care. They are poisoning us. They are murdering us. They are destroying our thinking processes by destroying our brains. WHEN WILL WE GET JUSTICE? WHEN WILL THEY BE PUNISHED? EVERY MAJOR CAUSE OF DEATH IS CORPORATE. CORPORATIONS ARE PEOPLE, PSYCHOPATHS AND THEY NEED TOP BE LOCKED UP, AND NOT ALLOWED TO POISON AND MURDER US.

Nov. 27 2013 12:17 PM

I recognize your caps. But it is true that the problem is the corporations.

Monona

Evan S Cowit

Yes, Leonard, poor people have Teflon. And no, Ms. Rossol, they don't all buy things from late night television.

Pompous, elitist snobs.

Nov. 27 2013 12:17 PM

Oh Evan, we ARE the poor so we have the right. I don't know who you think I am, but being on the consumer side of chemistry rather than working for industry is the quickest way I know to end up poor.

Monona
 Toxins in Our Bodies 2013-11-27T12:43:30-05:00http://www.wnyc.org/story/chemicals-our-bodies/
Industrial hygienist and chemist Monona Rossol discusses a study showing that rich people and poor people have different toxic substances in their bodies. She's the author of Pick Your Poison: How Our Mad Dash to Chemical Utopia Is Making Lab Rats of Us All.
 Monona Rossol Talks Mold 2013-06-19T10:39:00-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2013/jun/19/monona-rossol-talks-mold/
Last fall, flooding from Superstorm Sandy resulted in mold damage in many homes, and industrial hygienist Monona Rossol helped us figure out how to prevent and treat it. Now that we're coming into humid summer weather, we'll take a look at how successful remediation efforts have been, and how we can prevent recurrences.

 Chemical Testing and Regulation 2013-04-22T13:54:57-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2013/apr/22/chemical-testing-and-regulation/
Ian Urbina, New York Times investigative reporter, and Monona Rossol, chemist, industrial safety expert and author of Pick Your Poison, talk about the lack of testing of chemicals found in shampoos, cosmetics, cleaners, and other household goods. They'll explain how the FDA regulates these chemicals, concerns about their safety, and how states are creating their own programs to police chemical safety.
 Theater Safety 2013-01-02T00:00:00-05:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2013/jan/02/theater-safety/
Chemist and industrial hygienist Monona Rossol talks about theater safety. She's the author of Pick Your Poison: How Our Mad Dash to Chemical Utopia is Making Lab Rats of Us All.
 Please Explain: Mold 2012-11-30T00:00:00-05:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2012/nov/30/please-explain-mold/
Mold is a common household nuisance—it can appear on shower curtains and in damp basements and on aging foods in the refrigerator, but it's a major concern in the aftermath of flooding caused by Sandy. Industrial hygienist and environmental health expert Monona Rossol and microbiologist Chin Yang, of Prestige EnviroMicrobiology, explain what mold is, where it comes from, how it grows, what it can do to your home and health, and how to get rid of it.

Resources on Mold:

http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/epi/moldrpt1.shtml

http://www.epa.gov/mold/mold_remediation.html

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pdfs/floods.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/insidestory.html#ref3

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/biologic.html

http://www.fema.gov/removing-mold-your-home

http://www.fema.gov/medialibrary/media_records/726

http://www.hud.gov/offices/lead/hhi/hhiresources.cfm

http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=DOC_10722.pdf

http://www.oehc.uchc.edu/clinser/MOLD%20GUIDE.pdf
 Monona Rossol Answers Your Questions 2012-06-22T16:38:36-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/blogs/lodown/2012/jun/22/monona-rossol-answers-your-questions/
Industrial hygienist and environmental health expert Monona Rossol was here last week to talk about the safety concerns about fire retardants. We got a lot of comments and questions during that segment, and Monona has responded with answers.

Kathy from Schenectady, NY
 Here's the thing:
 Chlorinated tris is carcinogenic
 Chlorinated tris does not prevent fires
 Chlorinated tris is not required to meet NY or federal flammability standards.
 Chlorinated tris was found in 50% of polyurethane foam samples from baby products tested in a Duke University study (that won the best published article of the year award from Environmental Science and Technology).
 Banning this single chemical from children's products would reduce children's cancer risk. Is it the ultimate answer? Of course not. Is it an important step in the right direction that is embattled by the chemical industry? Of course.

 One thing folks can do is seek products that contain polyester fiberfill, which achieves flammability standards without additive chemicals. The discussion should not be around which flame retardant chemicals are safer or more toxic, but how to achieve flammability standards without them. They're used in so many products that don't require them, such as nursing pillows. We're not talking about aircraft engines, the liner between a car engine and the cab, oven doors, or other points of ignition. We're all exposed, every day, without our knowledge or consent. The person who calls Ms. Rossol a 'chemophobe' is missing the point. We did not sign up for our babies to be the endpoint for dangerous, unnecessary chemicals.
 Jun. 18 2012 02:44 PM

Kathy,
No chemical is required to meet any fire regulation. The fabric, foam, or material must meet specified burn tests. The regs are silent on how manufacturers get their materials to pass the flame tests.

 I mostly agree with the rest of your statement. But polyester fiberfill doesn't stay fluffy. It mats. I've got pillows that make me dream I'm asleep in a quarry.

 I looked on various safe mattress websites and was disturbed by some of their suggestions, especially the use of "latex." When I checked it was either natural rubber latex or a combination of natural and synthetic rubber latexes. Well, as an old time polymer chemist, I can tell you that natural and synthetic rubber are full of additives. Natural rubber degrades rather quickly becoming yellowed and brittle so lots of additives are needed. Butadiene and other synthetic rubbers also are full of stuff including unreacted monomer.

 Then there are the natural rubber proteins to which about 14 % of medical personnel are now sensitized. There are 27 documented deaths and over 1000 documented anaphylactic shock reactions from rubber. And like all sensitizers, the more often you are exposed, the more likely you are to develop the allergy. It's a bad idea to sleep on it every night.

 Bottom line is I'm a chemist and I'm not sure which mattress foam or fill is best. And I don't think anyone except the manufacturers do. And they ain't talking.
Monona

 Bobbi from Albany
 Thank you so much for covering this important topic. I remain concerned about Ms. Rossol's insistence that foam children's products ought to contain flame retardants. It reveals some dangerous gaps in her understanding of the flammability/flame retardant issue.

 Everyone concerned about flame retardant chemicals should check out the Chicago Tribune series - which summarizes the science, interviews experts, and unveils the nasty Tobacco-playbook tactics the chemical makers are using to defend their toxic products. The whole multi-part series, complete with infographics and videos, is available here: www.chicagotribune.com/flames

 The fact is, we don't need to add flame retardant chemicals in our couches and children's products. By the time the fabric has burned and the fire is through to the foam, it's going to burn, with our without chemical additives. "The fire just laughs at it," said a fire safety expert interviewed by the Tribune.

 The best defense is flame-resistant outer coverings. 90% of upholstery fabric already resists smouldering. 23 million dollars have been poured into California ALONE to keep them from adjusting their regulations to meet the real world situations.

 Passing S. 6080 here in Albany would get a known carcinogen out of baby car seats and changing pads. Dismissing this small but significant Senate action leaves my children, and the rest of the East Coast's children, in harm's way.

I urge your listeners to contact Senate Majority Leader Skelos at (516) 766-8383 and demand that S. 6080 get a vote in the full Senate before they go home on Thursday.
Jun. 18 2012 02:19 PM Score: 0/0

Bobbi,
That response is well thought out, but not well-documented. Quoting a few experts as the Tribune articles do and lighting up a couch, doesn't work for me. I didn't mention on the program that I'm the Safety Officer for a local of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees and an expert in theatrical safety. I'm also a member of two national organizations that set standards for safety including fire safety, so I need to see test data.

 For example, fire effects or pyrotechnics can be used on stage. It is vital that all fabrics, props and costumes be fire retarded. These materials are checked with the same standard burn test that is used for curtains and clothing. The test is either done at a lab or by someone certified by the FDNY to do the field test. A strip of fabric of certain size and shape is exposed to flame for a given length of time and the test strip must self extinguish when the flame is removed. The fact that the fabric on that couch in the video did not self extinguish only means there was something wrong with that couch. I couldn't even allow it to be used on stage!

 As for the Albany bill, it already gives them the right to use the other cancer-causing Tris, so what is gained? I can also assure you there are a hundred other toxic chemicals they can replace the Tris with, some of which are probably worse.

 I wish you luck with the Albany bill, but I would hope that you might instead consider working for Sen.Lautenberg's Safe Chemicals Act. This bill would require industry to test 200 chemicals. I'm not thrilled with this bill either, since 200 chemicals out of the 19,000,000+ that are available by catalog today is pretty piddling. Hell, there are 209 polybrominated diphenyl ethers which are just one of dozens of classes of fire retardants. But it's a better number than one.
Monona

Amy from Manhattan
 CK, didn't you hear Ms. Rossol say the gov't. didn't regulate *enough*, so the chemical co's. were free to introduce chemicals w/out adequate testing? They should have intervened *more*, as California did w/its Prop 65, which *added* regulation to limit what kinds of fire retardants could be used.
 Jun. 18 2012 02:10 PM Score: 0/0

Amy,
Industry has always been free to put untested chemicals in our products. Government can't regulate unless our representatives give them the tools and the authority to regulate. But our representatives gave EPA the Toxic Substances Control Act which says EPA can't compel an industry to test a new chemical unless EPA can prove (usually to a court challenge) that there is a significant risk to the environment or workers manufacturing the new chemical. Now, how do you prove significant risk for an untested chemical? It's obscene. Of 83,000 chemicals in their charge, EPA has gotten a few tests on about 200 chemicals. And there are 19 million chemicals available for catalog purchase today. Almost none of the chemicals we use have been tested.

 The problem really is us. We have to understand the problem and demand our representatives address it. I don't think with the current status of education the electorate is up to this. But I keep trying anyway.

 Monona

Stephanie from Huntington, NY
 Do hoses such as garden hoses and the hose to your sink sprayer (or now the new faucets that have the sprayer built in that you can pull down to use) contain any of these dangerous chemicals? These are items that we use directly for watering our home garden or many use for cooking water. Thank you!
 Jun. 18 2012 01:52 PM Score: 0/0

Stephanie,
 The hose probably does not contain fire retardants. But it will contain plasticizers, dyes and pigments, fillers, preservatives, and more. There are dozens of chemicals in all plastics. We will never even be able to find out what most of these are.
Monona

 Molly from brooklyn, NY
 my husband and i are headed out on a two month road trip in our new van, which we also plan to sleep in. any suggestions on how we can lessen our exposure while on the road? or should we rethink the trip?
 many thanks...
 Jun. 18 2012 01:51 PM Score: 0/0

Molly,
Have a great trip! Sometimes you just have to take a risk. To lessen it, keep the windows open when you can. The more fresh air the better. Remember that the air conditioner does not provide much fresh air, it recirculates and cools the air inside the car.
Monona

jawbone
 Re: fire retardants affecting cat's thyroids --

 Do they also affect human's thyroids? Are cats the canaries in the coal minem as they've been found have higher incidences of hyperthyroidism since fire retardants were added to carpeting and other household items which burn.

 Re: mattresses -- Is it only foam mattresses which have fire retardant added?
 Jun. 18 2012 01:50 PM Score: 0/0

Dear jawbone!
You bring up an interesting point. It now is becoming clear that our pets are an important source of animal data. And vets have figured in some leads to chemical products when they notice many animals getting sick under unusual conditions. So maybe you have something there. The person to ask is your vet. S/he may have heard of cases like this. And since our pets have smaller body sizes and breathe and live closer to the dust and carpets, they are more at risk.

 The problem with your theory that it is the fire retardants in the carpet, however, is weak. There are a host of other chemicals that are emitted by new carpeting.

 Mattresses must meet certain fire tests. So either they are inherently fire-retarded or fire retardants have been added.
Monona

CK from YKT
 It just strikes me that this has been caused by government intervening to "save us" (and so creating fire retardant stuff) which now makes us sick. Maybe less government interference. Bloomberg should be all over this: he's busy saving us from soda.
 Jun. 18 2012 01:50 PM Score: 0/0

 Dear CK,
It would help for you to know the history of these regulations. They were started in the 1940s stimulated by horrendous fires due to the use of flammable and combustible materials in public places such as theaters and night clubs. One really pivotal event was in 1942 when the Coconut Grove night club's flammable and combustible materials ignited and 492 people were killed. That's when the fire standards for fabrics, wall treatments, insulation and the like were developed and soon these were incorporated into local fire codes and regulations. And only after this were some of these incorporated by reference into federal regulations.

 The activists and standard setters concentrated on the tests to prove materials would self-extinguish. I know a lot about this process because I'm a voting member of three standard setting organizations and have been since the middle 1980s. And the government is not represented on any of these organizations.

 The standards, however, only set the methods for proving materials will self extinguish under certain conditions. They do not dictate HOW the manufacturer gets their products to perform this way. It was the chemical industry that decided to use PCBs to retard stuff and then it all went sour.

 These standards have been in place since before you were probably born. They were not developed by the "government." If I were you, I would look really hard at your assumption that it was "caused by government intervening to 'save us.'" That says a lot about you.
Monona

Laura dupouy from uws
 Is it possible to get a safe mattress?
 Jun. 18 2012 01:49 PM Score: 0/0

Laura,
It would probably be possible if, and only if, any manufacturer would honestly tell you everything that is in the various materials they put together into the mattress. And since the mattress manufacturer puts the foam, the fabric, and other materials together, s/he is dependent on each manufacturer revealing what in each material. That's unlikely as well.

 I was a polymer chemist for 7 years, and I don't know what's in my foam mattress. And I know I never will. But I also know, the longer I keep it, the less is outgassing from it. That's about the best I can do.
Monona

 Jeb from Williamsburg
 I'm shocked that this environmental expert is being asked to comment on autism. She's an activist, not a physician. And surely they could have found someone with a deeper level of information beyond mere chemophobia. I feel like I'm trapped in a poorly managed chat room.
 Jun. 18 2012 01:48 PM Score: -1/1

Jeb, thanks for noticing that I'm an activist. That's the role I like best. But I'm a chemist and industrial hygienist by profession. Look up "industrial hygienist" and you'll see that basic toxicology and occupational and environmental diseases are part of our field.
Monona

Cynthia
 Would shopping at farmers market and buying used clothing, etc also help?
 Yes, please share what activist groups we can join to demand testing of these products.
 Jun. 18 2012 01:44 PM Score: 0/0

Cynthia,
 There are a lot of good reasons for shopping at a farmers market other than avoiding fire retardants. The used clothing is OK, too, provided you are sure the old stuff didn't come out of a home with bed bugs. A thrift shop in NYC had that problem--hell, Sax 5th Avenue had it, too. The best strategy is to buy good quality in a style that can be worn for many years. The longer you own things, the less is released by them.

 The two groups I like best are Earthjustice and the Environmental Working Group.
Monona

Ansje
 Yes, we need to pass comprehensive chemical laws in the United States. Until we get past that familiar problem of political will that Rossol mentioned earlier in order to make that happen, we need to at least get the known bad actor chemicals out -- which seems to be politically easier to do.
 Jun. 18 2012 01:42 PM Score: 0/0

Ansje,
 Actually, it is only a waste of the time, energy and commitment. Those resources would be better spent on the Safe Chemicals Act which would require testing of 200 chemicals and then working to expand that testing to larger groups of chemicals. When we have more data, we can begin to see the patterns of behavior in chemical classes and ban whole classes such as was done with all 209 PCBs.
Monona

Josh from New York, NY
 I'm a former forest fire fighter (I used to rappel out of helicopter), and was regularly exposed to fire retardants. Should I get tested for something in particular? Thanks (I think).
 Jun. 18 2012 01:41 PM Score: 0/0

Josh,
 I refreshed my memory after you asked that question on the radio. And I was right. Everything I saw was not much to worry about. You might want to google aerial fire fighting chemicals and take a look. I specifically looked at the most widely used Phos Chek and Phos Chek A Foam. The red dye is iron oxide and the chemicals are primarily inorganic low toxicity chemicals and a glycol in the foam product. I think you can relax.
Monona

Amy from Manhattan
 The other use of flame retardants that I remember was in airplanes--the seat covers, I think. It turned out that many people who might otherwise have survived low-altitude crashes died when the planes caught fire & the seat material was highly flammable, until retardants were added.
 Jun. 18 2012 01:38 PM Score: 0/0

Amy,
Right on. That was the same cyanide smoke problem. Urethane and nylon are nitrogen-containing polymers that release cyanide gas when burned.
Monona

jawbone
 Re: Fire retardants -- They've been found to have relationship (causal, iirc) with cats developing hyperthyroid conditions (an expensive ailment to treat, and a miserable illness for the cats).

 Is there any way other than plain uncarpeted floors to save our cats? It's hearbreaking to go through.

 The retardants are in our carpets, right, and our furniture. Mattresses?
 Jun. 18 2012 01:38 PM Score: 0/0

Jawbone,
 They are in all of those things and more. And fire retardants are only one of the types of chemicals being released. There is unreacted plastic monomer, plasticizers, preservatives, and a flock of other stuff.
 Monona

 Ansje
 Can you talk about the pending legislation in NY to ban chlorinated tris from children's products? It passed the Assembly unanimously but is stuck in the Senate. What's the hold-up? Folks need to let their Senators know we can easily protect kids from this toxic chemical.
 Jun. 18 2012 01:38 PM Score: 0/0

Ansje,
 There were two cancer causing Tris chemicals in that bill that were to be banned. One has already been banned. Now this bill would target the other one. And activists assume that ends Tris in fabrics. THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF OTHERS just waiting in the wings. They are probably already manufacturing some of these Tris chemicals. And there is no toxicity data on the new ones and every reason to assume they are just as toxic. If they declare their new ones trade secrets, no one will even know they are Tris! NOW how do you proceed? It will take a decade or more to get any data at all.

 It's like banning BPA when BPS is already being manufactured and there is no toxicity data on it.
Monona

Carol from Staten Island
 Do you recommend we remove meat from the packaging and re-package before freezing?
 Jun. 18 2012 01:33 PM Score: 0/0

Carol,
 As I said on the program, it is a very small amount of a problem and if you take it off, what do you wrap it in? I'm more concerned about the chemicals already in the fat of the meat.
Monona

Joel from WESTCHESTER
 Is anything being done about BENZOATE OF SODA?
 Jun. 18 2012 01:31 PM Score: 0/0

Joel,
 I looked at several compilations of data and studies from WHO and other agencies and I just don't see what all the fuss is about. This chemical doesn't release benzene on metabolism in the body as far as I could see. It does not seem to affect reproduction in animals. It has a few short term effects, most not serious. I've heard others voice concern about this chemical, so I'll keep watching for information. But as of now, it seems pretty innocuous to me.
Monona

 Laura from UWS
 Dr. Rossol is among the greatest guests, ever!

 What activist group(s) does she suggest we might join?
 Many, many thanks.
 Jun. 18 2012 01:28 PM

Laura,
 You are welcome. The two I like best are Earthjustice and The Environmental Working Group.
Monona
 Fire Retardants in Our Homes, Food, and Bodies 2012-06-18T15:07:00-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2012/jun/18/fire-retardants-our-homes-food-and-bodies/
Fire retardants are everywhere. They are emitted by the plastics in our cars, computers, TVs, and radios. They are in our synthetic clothing and carpets, fluorescent light ballasts, and other electrical equipment. They are in caulks, paints, floor tiles, and linoleum. They're leaking out of landfills, in the fish and meat we eat, and in our bodies. Our children have more fire retardants in their blood than we do, and each generation will have greater amounts. Our resident industrial hygienist and environmental health expert Monona Rossol explains how this has happened, how it affects our health, and what we can do about it.
 Table Saws and Preventing Injuries 2012-01-23T12:17:58-05:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2012/jan/23/table-saws-and-preventing-injuries/
In 1999, woodworker Steve Gass invented a device that makes it nearly impossible to be seriously injured by a table saw. His invention would prevent some 32,000 serious injuries—including 4,000 finger amputations—per year, but power tool companies resisted the change. Steve Gass and our resident safety expert, Monona Rossol, talk about why it's taken so long to have this and other safety devices accepted into everyday use.
 Monona Rossol on PCBs in New York Schools: A Follow-Up 2011-09-30T17:15:30-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/blogs/lodown/2011/sep/30/monona-rossol-pcbs-new-york-schools-follow-/
Industrial hygienist Monona Rossol was on the show Friday, September 23, along with Miranda Massie of New York Lawyers for the Public Interest, to look at the PCBs in schools and how to eliminate them. The segment got a lot of comments, and Monona offers responses to many of the questions listeners left that weren't answered during the interview on air. Listen to the interview and see Monona's responses here.

Here's an article about PCBs in New York Schools in the New York Times.
 PCBs in Schools 2011-09-23T11:10:48-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2011/sep/23/monona-rossol-pcbs-schools/
The Environmental Protection Agency has found PCB contamination to be "prevalent" in New York City schools, and as the school year gets under way, parent, teacher and community groups have been demanding the cleanup of affected schools. Industrial hygienist Monona Rossol, author of Pick Your Poison: How Our Mad Dash to Chemical Utopia is Making Lab Rats of Us All, and Miranda Massie of New York Lawyers for the Public Interest, explain the dangers of these chemicals and looks at how to eliminate them.
 Monona Rossol on Chemicals, Health and Safety 2011-03-01T15:52:49-05:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2011/mar/01/monona-rossol-chemicals-health-and-safety/
Chemist Monona Rossol, talks about how the chemicals in everyday products are harming us—scientists have started linking our increased rates of cancer, autism, obesity, and asthma to chemicals—and what the government is not doing about it. In her new book, Pick Your Poison: How Our Mad Dash to Chemical Utopia is Making Lab Rats of Us All, she explains how everyday toxins get into our bodies and accumulate over time and provides us with inspiration to make changes.
 PCBs at Home and School 2010-12-21T12:40:27-05:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2010/dec/21/pcbs-home-and-school/
Monona Rossol, industrial hygienist and founder and president of Arts, Crafts & Theater Safety, Inc., and Dr. Robert Herrick, senior lecturer on industrial hygiene, Harvard School of Public Health, discuss the health risks of PCBs in schools, homes, and other buildings.
 The Toxic Chemicals Safety Act 2010-08-04T12:14:03-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2010/aug/04/toxic-chemicals-safety-act/
Monona Rossol, chemist and industrial hygienist, talks about the Toxic Chemicals Safety Act currently before Congress and what changes it calls for. She'll also take calls and answer questions about the safetly of household chemicals.

Do you have a question about the safety of household chemicals? Leave a comment below!
 Chemical Regulation 2010-04-19T14:21:35-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2010/apr/19/chemical-regulation/Monona Rossol, industrial hygienist and founder and president of Arts, Crafts & Theater Safety, Inc., discusses the European Union's adopting new labeling and information systems and requirements for industry testing of chemicals before they're used in consumer products. She'll look at why U.S. manufacturers resist chemical testing and provide such limited safety information. The United States will either have to adopt the EU's policies by 2012 or find our products banned from the European market. Visit Monona's website  www.artscraftstheatersafety.org for more information. 50 Million Chemicals 2009-12-17T14:14:56-05:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2009/dec/17/50-million-chemicals/On September 7, 2009, scientists working for the Chemical Abstract Service (which assigns identification numbers to all new chemicals) entered the 50-millionth chemical substance into their Registry. Chemist and industrial hygienist Monona Rossol, President and Founder of Arts, Crafts & Theater Safety, takes a look at what all these new substances are, where they are coming from, and how they affect our health. And she'll take listener calls! Let's Go Swimming! 2009-07-17T14:06:46-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2009/jul/17/lets-go-swimming/According to the Centers for Disease Control, bacterial, viral, and parasitic organisms found in recreational water in the United States sicken thousands of people every year, and even result in deaths. We'll speak with chemist and industrial hygienist Monona Rossol about the protozoa, amoebas and other things that love to go swimming with us. Monona is also founder and President of Arts, Crafts and Theater Safety.

 Coming Clean on Cleaners 2009-05-11T14:02:10-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2009/may/11/coming-clean-on-cleaners/The Makers of many common household cleaning agents have been reluctant to disclose the ingredients in their products. We'll be joined by Keri Powell, a lawyer for the environmental group Earthjustice, who filed a suit requiring manufacturers to come clean on what's in their products. We'll also speak with industrial hygienist Monona Rossol from Arts Crafts and Theater Safety on why there's been such resistance to comply – and what it means for our health.

 You can hear Monona's last appearance on the show on "dangerous household chemicals" here. Dangerous Household Chemicals 2009-02-04T13:54:41-05:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2009/feb/04/dangerous-household-chemicals/Look under your sink lately? There are more than 100, 000 chemicals used in commercial products in this country, and only about 1% have been studied for any possible health consequences. We'll talk about the dangers these chemicals (and potential alternatives) with Monona Rossol. She is President and founder of Arts Crafts and Theater Safety. Toxic Mold 2008-09-01T13:45:38-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2008/sep/01/toxic-mold/Find out what you need to know about toxic mold. Chemical/industrial hygienist Monona Rossol of Arts Crafts and Theater Safety and Dr. Eckardt Johanning of the Fungal Research Group explain the health effects of mold exposure, and why court cases involving toxic mold are very difficult for plaintiffs to win. Call us at 212-433-9692 to ask the experts about toxic mold.
Weigh in: Have you ever had a problem with toxic mold? Tell us about your experiences.
 Toxic Mold 2007-06-26T13:27:26-04:00http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/2007/jun/26/toxic-mold/An upstate New York librarian claims that her MCS (Multiple Chemical Sensitivity) was caused by exposure to mold at the library where she worked. She's now so ill she can barely leave her house. Today industrial hygienist Monona Rossol and Dr. David C. Straus explain why some mold can be so toxic, and whether you should be concerned about your workplace. Ms. Rossol is also founder and president of Arts, Crafts & Theater Safety, Inc., and Dr. Straus is Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Texas Tech University.


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1783 TOKEN Georgivs Triumpho Token AU50 PCGS. CAC....
Description1783 TOKEN Georgivs Triumpho Token AU50 PCGS. CAC. Baker-7, W-10100, R.3. Unlike most examples, the present piece is from early dies, without any indication of a prominent vertical break from the grate. A golden-brown piece with a few wispy marks on the upper reverse field, and a minute rim ding at 1:30 on that side. Listed on page 75 of the 2009 Guide Book. Population: 11 in 50, 26 finer (3/09). (PCGS# 664)
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Courtesy of SI.com's Don Banks, here's a companion piece to our guest column this week on the worst playoff teams ever. Another way to compare this year's mushy playoff race to history is to look at teams that came from terrible starts to make major playoff runs.
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