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GLASS TO GLASS ADHESIVES Filed Nov. 16, 1966 emss *T' INVENTORS JAMES J. HRZDRA HUBERT M Lon-r2 Q M a M ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,341,399 GLASS T0 GLASS ADHESIVES James J. Hazdra, Joilet, Ill., and Hubert M. Lontz, Brockway, Pa., said Hazdra assignor to Brockway Glass Company, Inc., Broclrway, Pa., a corporation of New York Filed Nov. 16, 1966, Ser. No. 594,818 22 Claims. (Cl. 161-193) This application is a continuation-in-part of applicants copending application Ser. No. 305,803, filed on Aug. 30, 1963, now abandoned.
This invention is directed to the bonding of glass surfaces by an adhesive layer comprising a combination of a triethoxysilane and a thermoplastic aldol condensation polymer. More specifically, this invention relates to the use of a triethoxysilane, e.g., gamma aminopropyl triethoxysilane in combination with polyvinyl butyral as an adhesive composition for securing together glass surfaces.
Heretofore, various silanes have been used as the initial coating for glass surfaces primarily in the application of coating glass fibers prior to impregnating them with a thermosetting resin. These resins, such as, for example, the polyesters, phenolics, epoxides, melamines and the like, have been used with various triethoxysilanes. Of these resins, however, the epoxy resins have been found to be very practical as an adhesive in preparing glass laminates. The use of the epoxy resins is restricted, however, because of their thermosetting characteristics to the application on the glass substrates in the form of a liquid and, therefore, require elaborate equipment in addition to their comparatively higher cost.
To avoid these problems, it has been found in accordance with this invention that the thermoplastic aldol resins may be used in combination with the triethoxysilanes as an adhesive for joining glass surfaces, such as laminates or the like, and have been found to have shear strengths comparable to those obtained by the use of the epoxy adhesives. The use of these aldol condensation resins in comparison to the resins used heretofore minimizes the initial cost of the materials and avoids the necessity of having to use liquid thermosetting resins. A particular aldol condensation resin which is useful for purposes of this invention may be prepared by the condensation of polyvinyl alcohol, for example, with the isomers of butyraldehyde.
The preferred condensation resin, for purposes of this invention, includes the polyvinyl butyral referred to hereinafter as PVB which has the advantage that it may be prepared in the form of films of 5 to mils in thickness and in a variety of commercially useful colors. These films may be positioned between the glass surfaces which have been pretreated with the triethoxysilane and then heated to the flow point temperature of the butyral resin with pressure, e.g., approximately 15 p-.s.i., until the surfaces of the glass adhere to one another. Since the PVB can be used in the form of films of the desired thickness, they can be precut to any size and placed easily in between the glass surfaces which are to be bound together. The use of dry films obviously facilitates the procedure in that no curing time is necessary as is in the case of the thermosetting resins, e.g., the epoxy resins.
The use of an epoxy resin, for example, in combination with an aminoalkyl triethoxysilane,requires that the silane be applied in the form of a solution onto the surfaces of the glass to be bonded together and that the epoxy resin be applied in the fluid state onto the treated surface of the glass prior to being cured. The uncured epoxy resins contain epoxy groups which react with the amino groups of the silane, thereby securing a bond between the treated glass surfaces. In comparison, the polyvinyl butyral lacks the reactive groups similar to the epoxy compounds but nevertheless, reacts with the triethoxysilanes and particularly the aminoalkyl triethoxysilanes to form a bond between the glass surfaces comparable in strength to that of the epoxy resins used in the same manner.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a method of preparing assembled glass articles by coating at least two glass surfaces with an alcoholic solution of a triethoxysilane and subsequently applying a film of polyvinyl butyral between said surfaces, thereby causing the treated glass to form a bond.
It is another object of this invention to provide a composition which may be used as an adhesive in preparing laminates of glass structures.
It is another object of this invention to provide a method of bonding together glass surfaces characterized by high adhesion shear strengths which is obtained by utilizing a combination of a triethoxysilane and polyvinyl butyral as the adhesive composition.
These and other objects of the invention will become obvious from a further and more detailed description to follow.
It has been found that assembled laminates of glass, can be obtained by coating at least two glass surfaces with an aqueous solution of a triethoxysilane containing small amounts of the lower alcohols such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl or butyl alcohol and the like. The solution of the silane applied to the surface of the glass is heated at temperatures ranging from about 25 C. to 50 C. over periods of 2 to 48 hours. Thus, for example, as the reaction time between the silane and the surfaces of the glass increases from 2 to 48 hours, the temperature may be decreased from 50 C. to 25 C. Moreover, the reaction between the silane and the surfaces of the glass may take place at temperatures ranging from C. to 200 C. for even lesser periods of time ranging from about 10 to 20 minutes. Thus, the amount of time in which the silane is permitted to react with the surface of the glass will increase as the reaction temperature decreases. Subsequent to the treatment of the glass surfaces with the silane, the polyvinyl butyral is placed between the surfaces of the glass, e.g., two glass laminates, and adhered together as a permanent bond by subjecting the glass structure to low pressure, e.g., 15 psi, while being subjected to temperatures ranging from approximately 400450 F. (204-232 C.), which is the temperature referred to hereinafter as the flow point of the polyvinyl butyral. The glass articles prepared in accordance with this invention are characterized by having high shear strengths and high moisture resistance which are obtained by coating the treated surfaces of the glass with a solution of the triethoxysilane. This solution may contain up to about 0.5% by weight of the silane, e.g., aminopropyl triethoxysilane, in water, with small amounts glass articles, e.g.,
3 of up to about 30% of a lower alcohol, such as methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl alcohol.
In a specific example of this invention, the solution used to treat the glass surface consisted essentially of a 30 70% by weight solution of ethyl alcohol in water with about 0.5% by Weight of gamma aminopropyl triethoxysilane with the polyvinyl butyral being used in the form of layers having a thickness between 5 and 15 mils. When using the gamma aminoalkyl triethoxysilane, for example, as the treating agent for the surfaces of the glass, the polyvinyl butyral may be free of hydroxyl groups, whereas it is necessary to use polyvinyl butyral having up to 13 mol percent of hydroxyl groups in combination with other triethoxysilanes such as the alkyl or aryl triethoxysilanes.
The relative proportion of the polyvinyl butyral and the triethoxysilane used in preparing the adhesive bond between the glass surfaces may range from about 1:1 to :1 (PVBzsilane).
In addition to the adhesive composition, the present invention also encompasses the novel glass-adhesive-glass connection and the articles or structures obtained thereby.
The method of preparing these glass connections or assemblies and the articles obtained therefrom are more particularly described in detail as set forth in the drawings, wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional corner of the glass connection of this invention; and
FIGURE 2 illustrates a modification of the glass connection in a cross-sectional corner view.
Referring now to FIGURE 1, the first modification is shown wherein a bottom glass layer has coated on the upper surface thereof a silane, e.g., hydrolyzed gamma aminipropyl triethoxysilane, which has been treated under conditions which cause the silane to react with the surface of the glass as described in more detail hereinbelow. The polyvinyl butyral is bonded to the silane by a reaction of the amino groups with the silane. The uppermost surface of the polyvinyl butyral adhesive layer is contacted with a second silane layer, e.g., reacted residue of hydrolyzed gamma aminopropyl triethoxysilane, which has been reacted on the undersurface of the topmost layer. As an alternative, the polyvinyl butyral layer may contain a relatively small percentage, e.g., 1l0%, of the silane if desired.
In FIGURE 2 a modification of this invention is shown wherein the bottom glass layer is contacted directly with a mixture of PVB and the silane used in FIGURE 1. This mixture contacts the underside of the topmost glass layer and adhesively binds two layers together to form the glass-PVB-glass connection. Since the triethoxysilane is an amino propyl triethoxysilane, it is not necessary in this particular example to use a polyvinyl butyral which has h ydroxyl groups. In other words, a PVB having no hydroxy groups may be used in combination with the aminoalkyl triethoxysilane.
As illustrated in FIGURES 1 and 2, various types of glass may be used in preparing the glass structures, the controlling factor being that the glass should exhibit a reaction with the triethoxysilane which may be char acterized by the following structure:
I) OH OH Lanai In addition, it is obviously important that the layers of glass have no obstructive film or impurities on the surface thereof which would prevent the silanes from reacting or uniting with the surface of the glass.
As a specific embodiment, the structure pointed out in the drawings was prepared by the following steps:
(1) A 0.5% by weight solution of gamma aminopropyl triethoxysilane in a 70:30 water to alcohol mixture was prepared by dissolving the silane in ethyl alcohol and then by diluting same with water until the ratios were obtained. The alcohol lowers the surface tension of the solution and provides better wetting onto a glass surface. Where desirable and where less wetting is necessary, increased proportions, up to of water, may be used, with no alcohol.
(2) Two glass plates previously cleaned were dipped or sprayed with the composition described above to form a complete coating on at least one surface of each glass plate which is to be joined together. A monomolecular coating thickness is suflicient.
(3) The treated glass plates, e.g., the glass treated with the silane composition, is permitted to dry and react for a period of about 2 days at room temperature (25 0.). In lieu of the room temperature reaction, however, it is obvious that increased temperatures ranging from 50200 C. may be used over shorter reaction periods of anywhere of from 2 hours at the lower temperature for periods of 10 to 20 minutes at the higher temperatures.
(4) A dry film of PVB having a thickness in the range of 5 to 15 mils and having an area equivalent to the area between the glass plates tobe joined was placed between the silane-treated glass plate surfaces.
(5) The bond or connection between the treated glass surfaces was obtained by heating the structure to temperatures of about 275300 F. for a period of about 15 seconds at a pressure of about 10-15 p.s.i., the pressure being applied for compacting the glass surfaces during the curing at the temperatures of 275300 F. A temperature of 400 F. may be used over a shorter period of time. Likewise, higher temperatures between 400 and 450 F. are preferred for melting the polyvinyl butyral to its flow point when a small amount of plasticizer is present.
As previously indicated, the silane solution may be prepared by employing the lower alcohols having 18 carbon atoms per molecule which include, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isoproyl, butyl, etc. The solution may be prepared by utilizing up to 30% of the lower alcohols in water or water alone may be used as the diluent. The primary function of the alcohol is to reduce the surface tension of the coating composition onto the surface of the glass. In addition, other triethoxysilanes may be used in place of the aminoalkyl triethoxysilanes. These may include, for example, methyl triethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, phenyl triethoxysilane, alkyl-substituted phenyl triethoxysilane, and various other alkyl and/or aryl triethoxysilanes having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl or aryl group. In addition, other primary or secondary amine-substituted alkyl or aryl triethoxysilanes may be used wherein the alkyl or aryl group has from 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
As an alternative to the fourth step above, it was found possible to include a relatively small percentage of an aminoalkyl triethoxysilane with the PVB which constitutes the middle layer. Thus, for example, a film of PVB and the silane may be formed by dissolving about one mol of PVB in dioxane and then adding about 0.1 mol of the gamma aminopropyl triethoxysilane. The films are then obtained by removing the dioxane which are then employed in step (4) mentioned above.
The connections in the glass laminate structures produced by the above method may be employed, for example, in assembling glass articles such as adhesively securing handles of glass tumblers, joining parts of pedestal ware, e.g., candy or cake plates, joining parts of glass fuse plugs and the bonding of various parts of miscellaneous stem ware. In the adhesive bonding of a two-part fuse plug, the major manufacturing requirement is that the final plug will pass the Underwriters Laboratory tests which specify that the adhesive used for the glass parts not give away after 30 days exposure to 100% humidity while being held at a temperature of 212 F. Thus, it has been found that the method set forth in this invention .may be used to manufacture two-part fuse plugs which comply with the tests.
The method employed in preparing the glass laminate shown in FIG. 2 was as follows:
TABLE II.SHEAR STRENGTH OF PVB LAMINATES (1) A dry film of PVB having substantially no hy- PVB PVB droxyl groups was prepared by dissolving about one mol t e t of des r 70 of PVB and 0.1 mol of gamma aminopropyl triethoxyp.s.i. .s.i. silane in dry dioxane. The dioxane was removed and dry 1 NO Sil n rem m films of the composition were obtained. The film thicka f ff j 915 1,887 ness was held within 5 to 15 mils. b i d 511M182 and BY 1, 80
TWO Clean glass plate Surfaces e placed on iiiitlztii iiiiiiigifp iib ijj III: iiigg opposite sides of a precut portion of the dry films pre- 2 ie t PVB 1,800 pared as mentioned above in (l). gfbg fi m 'vp 2,377
(3) The stacked laminate formed was heated to a temb s011 ti n:r Y 1 3 1 2,835 perature sufiicient to bring the film to the flow point to 3 1 22135 23; PVB, 2315151510128 insure good wetting of the glass surfaces. The temperature was held at about 275-300 F. for a period of about 15 lnfusible resin.
15 seconds at a pressure of between 10 and 15 p.s.i. This 2 Triethylene (zethyl) butymtetemperature range was suflicient for most PVB films In obtaining the data as set forth in Table I, clean, which contained a plasticizer. For pure PVB, however, new, microscope slides were used as the glass plates for the flow point is substantially higher, at between 400 the manufacturing of the laminates to be tested. The and 450 F., and the time required is less than 15 secslides were marked for an area equal to 0.64 square inch onds. and the major adhesive component with a curing agent (4) The final assembled and bonded laminate was (when necessary) were applied and cured according to cooled at room temperature. The shear strength of the known methods for that particular resin. In the group bond achieved was generally lower than that achieved by of slides prepared from the use of the gamma aminothe method described in preparing the structure of FIG- propyl triethoxysilane, the glass plates were first coated URE l, but nevertheless, adequate for employing same With a 0 .5% solution in an aqueous medium of 70:30 for various purposes described herein. water to alcohol and then allowed to dry. In each group As previously stated, one of the advantages of using of the slides prepared, /2 of the specimens were subthe above-described method wherein the films of PVB jected to conditions for days at 100% humidity at were formed is that the butyral can be precut to the de 30 212 F. The samples were subjected to a shear test carsired size and handled by automatic machinery in both ried out by placing the laminates in a compression shear the cutting and the placing steps. Moreover, these films apparatus specifically designed and constructed by Hazelmay be colored with known dyes or pigments to virtual- Atlas Glass Division of Continental Can Company, Inc. ly any color or pattern or may be transparent, depending A Gynes engineering compression tester was used to on the ultimate use to which the particular article being apply a shear force to the specimens. The results of these manufactured is to be used. compression shear strength tests are set out in Table I In determining the effectiveness of the invention, a above. series of tests were conducted to compare the assembled In comparison, the data in Table I shows that a much structures of this invention with structures wherein epoxy quicker curing time may be used with the PVB and that resin-s were used as the adhesive component. In these when used in conjunction with a silane pretreatment, the tests, the glass layers were divided into two groups, the shear strength compares favorably with the epoxy resin first being treated with the solution of aminopropyl triafter 100% humidity exposure. In all of the epoxy resins ethoxysilane as set out in the description in preparing used, it should be noted that two components were necesthe article of FIGURE 1, and the second group of consary prior to the application on the glass surfaces, thus nections being prepared by a method wherein no silane incurring additional expenses. Moreover, the curing time compound was used. The data from the tests is set out of 15 seconds or less for the PVB as compared to the hereinbelow in Table I. Another series of tests were conmuch longer curing times for the epoxy resins is an outducted to determine the effect of the presence of the hystanding commercial advantage. Moreover, the film thickdroxyl groups in the PVB. One group of structures were ness of the PVB was greater than that of the epoxy resins prepared by using, for example, PVB, which were shown and nevertheless, the glass plates using the PVB were by infra-red analysis to be substantially free of hydroxyl secured together with less expense which particularly groups. Another group of structures were prepared with points out the desirable economic advantages of the PVB which contained, for example, 9-13 mol percent instant invention. of hydroxyl groups. In both of these groups, the glass As shown in the shear strength data, all of the adhesive layers prepared with the composition having no silane resins tested, both with and without the silane pretreatpretreatment were compared with the structures proment, exhibited high strengths prior to the humidity duced in accordance with the method set forth hereinconditioning. If no silane pretreatment was used, all of above. The results of these tests are more particularly the adhesive resins tested failed after the l00% humidity pointed out in Table II. exposure. The PVB shear strength after the condition- TABLE I Cure Shear Strength Prior to Shear strength after 30 days, 100% humidity 30 days, 100% humidity Film Resin Naof Adhesive Plastrelzer Thickness, Layer Reagents Catalyst Adhesive mils Silane No Silane No F. Time Pretreat- Pretreat- Pretreat' Pretreatment, p.s.i. lnent, p.s.i. ment, p.s.i. ment, p.s.i. PVB 1 15 see 5-8 1, 800 1,800 1,100 0 Epoxy N0. 1. 2 5 min- 2-5 2, 400 2, 200 800 0 Epoxy No. 2 2 481m... 2-5 2,900 2, 900 1,100 0 Epoxy No. 3.. 2 8 days- 2-5 2, 500 2, 500 800 0 Epoxy No. 4 2 1 hr. 2-5 2, 500 2, 500 1,800 0 1 Triethylene glycol di (2-ethyl) butyrate.
ing compares favorably with the commercially available epoxy resins.
The term curing time is employed herein to designate the period for optimum strength of the epoxy resins and has been retained to show the heating time in which the PVB softens, conforms or bonds to the glass. Tests have shown that it is only necessary that the time and temperature applied be sufficient to soften the adhesive resin in order to obtain good wetting properties on the surface of the glass.
It can be seen from the data in Table II that the higher shear strengths are present when the silane pretreatment is used and in particular, improved results are obtained when PVB is used which contains hydroxyl groups.
While it is not completely understood, it may be theorized that the hydrogen atoms of the amino groups present in the silane are bonded to the ether oxygen of the PVB by hydrogen bonding. It does not appear that the aminoalkyl group in the silane breaks the ether oxygen link of the PVB. However, the high shear strength values for the adhesive layer wherein no hydroxyl groups are present in the PVB indicate some chemical action or molecular attraction. In selecting the silane, it is preferred that the amino group be removed from the silicone atoms of the silane by a sufficient number of methylene groups so that the amino group will not hydrolyze in the waterzalcohol solutions as described herein. Thus, it has been found that the propyl group is of sutficient length to guard against hydrolysis and other aminoalkyl groups having up to about 12 carbon atoms per molecule may be used as the aminoalkyl substituent on the ethoxy silane.
The following table specifically points out other triethoxy silanes which may be used in accordance with this invention in combination with PVB having up to about 13% or more of hydroxyl groups:
TABLE III.ADHESION SHEAR STRENGTH ON GLASS SLIDE 1 Each result is an average from 3 to 10 samples.
2 PVB Polyvinylbutyral (913% OH).
The pretreatments from which the data in the above table were obtained comprise the application of the silane in an alcohol2water solution in amounts ranging from 0.5 to .0% by weight. The pretreated glass surfaces were allowed to dry for approximately 10 minutes. Subsequently, the pretreated glass slides were then heated for about minutes at 210 C. When the slides cooled to about room temperature, a 16% polyvinyl butyral in dioxane was applied. These PVB slides were then allowed to dry at room temperature for about 48 hours.
It was noted that the slides prepared in accordance with the above procedure which were not pretreated demonstrated adhesive layer slippage. In such instances, the PVB merely slipped or pulled away from the glass surface. However, this did not occur in any of the glass slides that were pretreated in accordance with this invention and it may be deduced that the pretreatment causes the glass to be more firmly bound to the PVB adhesive. Thus, it appears that the amino group is not the only group that increases the shear strength of the glass-toglass PVB adhesive. The shear strength did increase whenever a pretreatment was used and in no instance was there any demonstration of bond slippage. Thus, it is apparent that since the organo silicate ester was the only group present in the adhesive mass, the increase in shear strength must be due to the presence of the silane. This may be explained by the fact that instead of the amino group participating in hydrogen bonding with the ether oxygens, the silicate ester or silane may be reacting with the hydroxyl groups of the polymer forming chemical bonds that cause a greater strength between the PVB and the glass. The silicone oxygen forms its bonding with the alkaline surface of the glass While the silicate ester groups also react with the PVB. It is evident by the data in Table III that any of the silicate esters set forth in accordance with this invention will increase the shear strength or glass-to-glass adhesion when the PVB contains hydroxyl groups, e.g., up to 13% or more.
While this invention has been described with respect to a number of specific embodiments, it is obvious that there are other variations and modifications which can be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention, as particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of preparing an assembled glass article which comprises treating first and second glass surfaces with an aqueous solution of a triethoxysilane containing a lower aliphatic alcohol and subsequently placing a film of polyvinyl butyral between said treated glass surfaces and pressing said glass surfaces together at a temperature approximating the flow point of the polyvinyl butyral; said triethoxysilanes being selected from the group consisting of aminoalkyl triethoxysilanes, alkyl triethoxysilanes, aryl triethoxysilanes, and vinyl triethoxysilanes.
2. The method of claim 1 further characterized in that the polyvinyl butyral has up to 13 mol percent of hydroxyl groups on the polymer chain.
3. The method of claim 1 further characterized in that the triethoxysilane is an aminopropyl triethoxysilane and the polyvinyl butyral is substantially free of hydroxyl groups.
4. The method of claim 1 further characterized in that the polyvinyl butyral contains an effective amount of plasticizer.
5. The method of claim I further characterized in that the polyvinyl butyral is substantially free of hydroxyl groups and contains therein up to 10 mol percent of an aminoalkyl triethoxysilane wherein the alkyl group has at least three carbon atoms.
6. The method of claim 1 further characterized in that the film of polyvinyl butyral is placed between the treated glass surfaces in thicknesses ranging from 5 to 15 mils.
7. The method of claim 1 further characterized in that the triethoxysilanes are present in the aqueous solution in amounts of about 0.5% to 5.0% by weight.
8. The method of claim 1 further characterized in that the aqueous solution of the triethoxysilane comprises a lower aliphatic alcohol in water in amounts ranging up to 30% by weight.
9. The process of claim 2 further characterized in that the triethoxysilane is an aryl triethoxysilane.
10. The method of claim 2 further characterized in that the triethoxysilane is a vinyl triethoxysilane.
11. A glass-polyvinylbutyral-glass article characterized by high-shear strength and high-moisture resistance which comprises at least two glass surfaces bonded together by an organic adhesive, said adhesive comprising a combination of a triethoxysilane and polyvinyl butyral on the inner surfaces of said glass;'said triethoxysilane being selected from the group consisting of aminoalkyl triethoxylsilanes, alkyl triethoxysilanes, aryl triethoxysilanes, and vinyl triethoxysilanes.
12. The glass article of claim 11 further characterized in that the polyvinyl butyral has up to 13 mol percent of hydroxyl groups on the polymer chain.
13. The article of claim 12 further characterized in that the triethoxysilane is an alkyl triethoxysilane.
14. The article of claim 12 further characterized in that the triethoxysilane is an aryl triethoxysilane.
15. The article of claim 12 further characterized in that the triethoxysilane is vinyl triethoxysilane.
16. The article of claim 11 further characterized in that the polyvinyl butyral is substantially free of hydroxyl groups and the triethoxysilane is an aminoalkyl triethoxysilane.
17. A method of preparing an assembled glass article Which comprises treating first and second glass surfaces With an aqueous solution of a triethoxysilane containing a lower aliphatic alcohol, heating the treated glass surfaces at temperatures ranging from 25 C. to 200 C. for periods ranging from about 10 minutes to 48 hours; subsequently placing a film of polyvinyl butyral between the treated glass surfaces and pressing said surfaces together at a temperature approximating the flow point of the polyvinyl butyral.
18. The method of claim 17 further characterized in that the treated glass surfaces are heated at a temperature of 25 C. to 50 C. for periods ranging from 2 to 48 hours.
19. The method of claim 17 further characterized in that the polyvinyl butyral contains up to about 13 mol percent of hydroxyl groups in the polymer chain.
20. The method of claim 19 further characterized in that the triethoxysilane is an alkyl triethoxysilane.
21. The method of claim 19 further characterized in that the triethoxysilane is an aryl triethoxysilane.
22. The process of claim 17 further characterized in that the polyvinyl butyral is substantially free of hydroxyl groups and the triethoxysilane is an aminoalkyl triethoxysilane containing at least three carbon atoms in the substituent.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,763,629 9/ 1956 Gottfurcht 117-126 2,845,364 7/1958 Waggoner 117-46 3,160,551 12/1964 Buetow et al 161208 ALEXANDER WYMAN, Primary Examiner.
W. J. VAN BALEN, Assistant Examiner.
Patent Citations
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Mike Kopp, Colorado Republican Senate leader, hopes Obamacare ruling is a death sentence
Yesterday's ruling by Virginia judge Henry Hudson voiding the health-care-bill requirement that citizens buy insurance may not mean much long-term according to this Washington Post piece, but it's certainly given opponents of what many conservatives call Obamacare an early Christmas present. Mike Kopp, minority leader in the Colorado Senate, was designated by fellow Republicans to crow about the decision. Here's what he had to say.
Colorado Senate GOP press release:
Senate Minority Leader Kopp's statement on health care ruling
[Yesterday], Senate Minority Leader Mike Kopp issued the following statement in regards to the ruling of District Judge Henry E. Hudson -- the requirement for people to purchase health care exceeds the power of Congress under the Constitution's Commerce.
"In March of this year Republicans in the Senate & House held a press conference calling into question the legality of the mandatory purchase of health insurance written in the federal health care law. [Yesterday's] ruling confirms our belief that the federal government was overreaching and acting outside of its powers defined in the Constitution. While this is just one victory in what will ultimately be a long fought battle, I believe we cannot overlook its significance."
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Buy this photo Ali Taylor, of Battersea Dogs & Cats Home with Chihauhaus Nancy and Betty
Dan Robinson, Reporter covering Witney and West Oxfordshire. Call me on 01865 425483 / / News
SHOTGUNS, animals and tweed jackets were out in force at the CLA Game Fair over the weekend.
Tens of thousands attended the countryside pursuits event at Blenheim Palace, in Woodstock, from Friday until yesterday.
The event's interim director, Tony Wall, said: "It has been absolutely fantastic."
Traffic plans implemented after severe congestion in 2008 also kept queues under control. Mr Wall said it "ran as smoothly as possible and it worked very well".
Clay pigeon shooting, fishing, archery and celebrity cookery demonstrations were among attractions at the 181-acre showground.
About 1,000 stalls sold wares such as tweed headbands, dog accessories, art, crockery, farming machinery and wealth management services.
- Tens of thousands attended the CLA Game Fair at Blenheim Palace over the past three days
Mr Wall said: "The traders have done incredibly well, some have sold fantastic amounts of stock."
Displays of Bentleys and Lamborghinis, hot tubs, boats and luxury garden furniture brought some glamour.
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On Friday, hundreds crammed into the Game Fair Theatre for a debate on whether the countryside would be better with the UK outside the European Union. Going head-to-head were UK Independence Party leader Nigel Farage, Ross Murray, the deputy president of the CLA, which organises the fair, Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust chairman Ian Coghill and Daily Telegraph columnist Robin Page.
- Nigel Farage
Mr Farage said afterwards: "Over the past 15 years we've gone towards the soundbite and people think public debate doesn't matter, but you couldn't move in there.
"The whole agricultural and countryside sector hasn't debated the issue at all.
"There's a whole slew of EU directives, such as the list of pesticides that will not be allowed to be used over the next few years without proving whether they are dangerous or not."
- Clay pigeon shooting enthusiast Alice King looks at shotguns
Celebrities like former JLS singer JB Gill, ex-England rugby captain Phil Vickery and TV gardener Alan Titchmarsh led walks through the grounds as part of a Prince's Countryside Fund initiative.
Wood-cutting, equestrian circuits and polo matches were amongst the sporting attractions.
For more photographs, see oxfordmail.co.uk/pictures
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Oxford's hotel rooms are among the most expensive in the UK
7:00am Tuesday 4th August 2015
A TOURISM manager has called for more mid-range hotels in Oxford after the city was revealed as one of the most expensive destinations for travellers booking rooms.
West End transformation hits delay as a major partner withdraws from scheme
6:30am Tuesday 4th August 2015
A SCHEME to transform the city's West End will be delayed after the developer lined up to be a major partner pulled out.
Morale 'awful' as GPs examine fall-out of seven-day contracts
6:00am Tuesday 4th August 2015
PLANS to force new medical consultants to sign seven-day contracts have been described as "cynical" by doctors in Oxfordshire.
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West Union, IA Traffic and Road Conditions
- Click or touch the map to move in different directions.
- If you do not see any markers on the map, try zooming in one or two levels using "+" on the top left side. However, they are not always available.
- Click an incident icon on the map to get more information.
West Union Traffic Alerts
Statewide Iowa 511 on Twitter
I-235 WB: Right lane of exit ramp closed from I-35; I-80 (West Des Moines) to 2nd Avenue (near Des Moines). http://t.co/k2js1kNwLF
I-235 WB: Right shoulder closed from IA 163; East University Avenue to I-35; I-80 (Des Moines). http://t.co/gYDusWfUlC
I-35: Road closed intermittently from Exit 52 - County Road G50 to Exit 65 - County Roads G4R and G14 (near Beving... http://t.co/UbnudchpRN
I-80 WB: Ramp partially blocked at University Avenue (West Des Moines). http://t.co/bWgsImBiza
I-80 EB: Left lane of exit ramp closed from Exit 122 - 60th Street (near Clive) to University Avenue (West Des Moi... http://t.co/2IoRtjhpR1
IA 9: Road closed intermittently at IA 86 (near Okoboji). Delays. http://t.co/EEtsZAtTh7
IA 7: Road closed from County Road M36 to US 71 (near Storm Lake). Detour in operation. http://t.co/LUwCJZAJWk
US 30 WB: Right lane closed from County Road W8E to US 151; IA 13 (near Bertram). http://t.co/SgFBT9tTSB
US 30 WB: Left lane closed from US 151; IA 13 to IA 1 (near Bertram). http://t.co/mJjXz5CDFF


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- Articles tagged "gk104"
NVIDIA GeForce GTX 670 SLI Performance Analysis
We've seen how powerful a single GeForce GTX 670 is. Now, we turn our attention to two of them in a 2-way SLI configuration. Just how much power will it afford? Read our performance analysis to find out!
NVIDIA GeForce GTX 670 - Gaining Momentum, Building Steam
NVIDIA is building momentum with the all-new GeForce GTX 670. Essentially a cutdown GeForce GTX 680, we check out the reference card as well as two customized ones from ASUS and Palit to see what it brings to the table. High-end graphics card shoppers should be pleased.
- Virtual Reality camera for filmmakers is Nokia's next big thing
- Amazon wants commercial drones to have a place in the sky
- Android security flaw puts your phone into a completely unresponsive state
- G.Skill readies new Trident Z, Ripjaws V DDR4 RAM for upcoming Intel Z170 motherboards
- Google's Translate app can now translate printed text in real-time in 27 languages
- The LG UF860T is the second ColorPrime 4K TV to go on sale here
- Samsung begins mass production of mobile image sensor with 1.0μm pixels
- Acronis opens Singapore R&D facility with support of EDB
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$3.99Successful rancher Trace Armstrong has made his mark as a man. So what's throwing the lanky Texan? A rough, tough, sexy-as-sin cowgirl-his head wrangler!Jo Atchison is a cocksure ex-Marine, and she's aiming to corral her boss right into her bed. Trace knows he should put business before pleasure but when Jo slides into her chaps, all he wants to do is take her on a long, sweaty ride!They both know
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$4.99'TWAS NO LAUGHING MATTERWhen fleeing an odious arranged match, the Lady Elizabeth Hayward found herself under the protection of famed court jester Richard Tarleton. But even disguised as the fool's boy apprentice, there was no hiding the fact that she'd fallen hopelessly in love!Though Tarleton's ready wit had won him royal favor, his tongue was tied in the presence of the sweet-voiced Elizabeth
$3.99Four words continue to haunt me . . . You. Have. Breast. Cancer. I associate them with the upheaval of my life to this point. The last few months have been a test of my strength . . . mentally, emotionally, and physically. Cancer is a monster. It preys on your mind and it consumes you, consistently reminding you of how your life used to be. Life before cancer. I was a successful business woman,
Hot Fun in the Sun (Age Play Older Man Younger Woman Erotica)'Hot Fun in the Sun' is a tale of explicit erotica between a young woman and her friend's Father. Mr. Thompson. When Meagan's shower breaks in her own apartment while on holiday, she's forced to go and use her friend's father's. The only problem is: he's in it! Or maybe it isn't a problem at all. Meagan soon finds out that her naughty thoughts are shared by Mr. Thompson as well and the two wind up
$3.99Six months apart is a long time. For security expert Megan McGowan, it feels like forever since she's felt the strong arms of Darius Folsom around her. Since Dari's military deployment six months ago, every minute apart is another minute that Megan finds herself tempted .Bad boy Jason Savage is Dari's best friend- and a partner in the new private security firm Dari and Megan have formed. Only as
Destiny (Psychic Werewolves #1)Like hot paranormal romance? Dive into the world of psychic werewolves in this new adult paranormal romance by Tori Simms. If you've encountered one, you're soon not to forget the experience. Immortal werewolves and witches fight for love--and sometimes their lives--in this sexy new series.At twenty-one, Jacqueline Adams has given up on love, not because she can't find someone. That would be easy.
$2.99Lactating teacher Erin is keen to help student Tommy improve his suffering grades. After-school tutoring is put on hold when Tommy gives away a secret and both he and Erin give way to their desires. This 3,000 word story contains scenes of lactation, suckling, nursing and steamy sex.
A Montana Sky Series AnthologyCome celebrate the holidays in 1895 Sweetwater Springs, Montana, as ten Western Romance authors join New York Times Bestselling author DEBRA HOLLAND in telling SHORT STORIES of love and laughter, heartbreak and healing, and most of all, Christmas joy. E. AYERS - A CHRISTMAS FAR FROM HOME Far from home and with love in their hearts, a young Wyoming rancher and the daughter of a Montana railroad
My Teacher's Punishment (Spanking BDSM Student Teacher Age Play Age Difference Erotica)Heather's teacher, Mr. Blake, is a hot, silver-fox with a stern and commanding voice. He lectures History and when he's not doing that, he's busy being the object of Heather's lustful affection.When Heather's grades begin to slip, she goes to Mr. Blake in the hope that he can help. Her real motive is far from innocent and Mr. Blake obliges, doling out a bout of punishment that Heather won't
The Complete Workbook for Planning, Developing and Writing Successful Proposals
The Jossey-Bass Nonprofit Guidebook SeriesPrevious Praise for Winning Grants Step by Step "Warning: this book works. It provokes you to ask the right questions, hand-holds you through practical exercises, and offers a map that includes paths to develop strategic relationships with funders." —E. Eduardo Romero, Nonprofit Roundtable "Winning Grants Step by Step is a very practical A-to-Z resource that speaks to the importance of staying


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Some sugar cos in western Maha pursuing hidden age
Yavatmal: Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee president Manikrao Thakre on Wednesday appealed to owners of sugar factories in western Maharashtra to spell out their stand on increasing price of sugarcane as demanded by agitating farmers.
"We want the management of sugar companies to drop their hidden agenda and sit across the table with farmers so that they can get competitive price for their produce," Thakre told reporters at a press conference here.
He denied the allegation levelled by Swabhiman Shetkari Sanghatana chief Sadubhau Khot that the "cold war" between NCP chief Sharad Pawar and his nephew Ajit Pawar is denying farmers the appropriate price for their produce.
NCP controls a sizable number of sugar factories in the party stronghold of western Maharashtra.
Farmers have been protesting since last few days against refusal of cooperative sugar factories in Sangli, Satara and Kolhapur districts of western Maharashtra to give Rs 3,000 per ton as first advance on sugarcane purchase this season. Factories have agreed to pay Rs 2,300 per ton.
When asked whether Maharashtra in general and Vidarbha region in particular was kept out of recent reshuffle of Union Council of Ministers, Thakre replied in affirmative.
"Centre has ignored the interests of backward region of Vidarbha despite speculation over the inclusion of an additional minister in the Union Cabinet causing utter dismay to people. The MPCC has brought this injustice to the notice of the Congress high command and requested for reconsideration at the earliest," he said.
Thakre said that MPCC will be organising division-wise rallies to be followed by a state-level rally for creating awareness among people about the benefits of FDI in retail.
Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan will address the state- level rally that will be held in Akola on November 17.
On procurement of cotton, Thakre said the party unit has suggested NAFED and Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) to open at least 10 centres in each district. "A few centres have already been opened by them in Vidarbha region," he added.
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J. Devien Capital LLC
3003 Summit BoulevardSuite 1500
Atlanta, GA 30319
Phone: 404-460-5510
Fax: 770-638-3945
Not Available
Not Available
SIC Code:
Full company description is available with the free trial.
Additional Info:
J. Devien Capital LLC, a Other company, is based in Atlanta, GA. They can be reached through J. Devien Capital LLC email format addresses indicated on their Lead411 profile with a domain of @jdeviencapital.com. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
Company Background:
Full company description is available with the free trial.
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144th Marketing Group
144th Marketing Group, is in the Other industry. Their main office can be found in Peachtree City, GA, and they can be contacted through 144th Marketing Group email using the domain @144thmarketinggroup.com format, some important contact information like linkedin data, phone numbers, contacts for cfos, etc of which can be found on their Lead411 profile. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
Want to know how to get in touch with them? Lead411 has the email addresses of 1FORCE's top officials for the company domain @1force.com format. 1FORCE is a Other company centred in Sandy Springs, GA and our profiles could include more contact information like cfo people, linkedin contacts, phone numbers and facebook pages. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
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Company Directory > J. Devien Capital LLC


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View all available promotions
Overall score
would recommend to a friend.
Reviewer score
Would recommend
Customer Service Above and Beyond!
Our stay at The DuPont Circle Hotel was from March 23- March 28. My 2 daughters, grandson and I were in one room together and my sister and her husband were in another room.
From the bellmen to the conceirge, the staff was helpful and
We ate breakfast in the hotel every morning and had the same waitress each day. On the second day Katia (the waitress) remembered what each person in our party of 6 wanted to drink and any extra we might have requested.
The conceirge and front desk personnel answered any questions we asked; their answers given with a smile and a final question back to us.... do you need additional information? Requested directions were accompanied by a map and readily visible landmarks to watch for.
Although the room was not the largest, it was certainly clean and comfortable and we didn't stay in the room that much anyway. Even the less than usual private bathroom situation was acceptable by the 4 of us sharing one room.
Our early morning check-out (6 a.m.) was smooth and the bellman prompt to pick up our luggage. The cab I had requested the night before was waiting to take us to the airport.
All in all a most pleasant stay. The friendly, knowledgeable staff made our stay one we will remember for good reasons and I would certainly return and recommend The DuPont Circle Hotel to one and all.
Location! Location! Location!
This is by far the best hotel for Dupont Circle travelers!
Excellent Hotel
I was comfortable from the moment I arrived until the moment I left. Great room., excellent food, very helpful staff. The bed was extremely comfortable and the room size way more than adequate. People were gracious and respectful. Nothing but
praise for this seasoned and updated hotel.
Great stay in DC!
The hotel is located near DuPont Circle, which has a lot of great restaurants, bars, and coffee shops. The hotel room is also clean and comfortable!
Dupont Chicque
Enjoyed my stay at this property. My single king room was smaller than I am used to but comfortable and contemporary. Especially liked the heated bathroom floors and outdoor light provided by the large windows. Thee best thing about this hotel was
the location; right on the circle with easy walking access to stores and eateries. I did not try the restaurant on premises, but the bar was great and quite lively on the weekend. I drove to the hotel and the parking fees were expensive.
Good Location
The hotel is located in a nice area surrounded by some good breakfast options.
Great work visit
Room was comfy and quiet. The metro stop for the redline is close and easy to get all over the city.
Nicely located
Good location near great food, metro access, etc. Bathroom was a bit odd/modern in that it was basically in the same room with a glass door, so it wasn't the most "private" of bathrooms. Coffee downstairs in lobby.
Would not recommend
Service has slipped; location remains perfection
This has been my go-to hotel for my business trips to DC. But something was different this time. Starting with check-in, when the desk person could not answer basic questions about the room (which way it faced) to a middle-of-the-night, wrong-room
call from the desk about an emergency visit from a physician (which startled me awake and cost me a night's sleep), I could not deny that this hotel was not as sharp as in other recent visits.
Even the complimentary bedside eye masks, necessary because the shuttered windows allow in too much light at night, were forgotten -- an oversight by a maid, for each of the three nights I was there. The maid also attempted to enter the room while I was dressing, despite a "do not disturb" signal on the door.
The manager was apologetic, and provided a free breakfast. It was a nice gesture, but the missing night's sleep had a bad effect on my visit.
The parting shot: a long wait at checkout. I waited 20 minutes as two clerks without obvious haste worked the long line, one by one. Finally, with three people still ahead of me and my taxi to the airport waiting, I handed my key and business card to a bellman, forgetting to tip him in my haste and irritation, and feeling bad about that. Did I mention that I missed a full night's sleep? I still have not seen my final bill, which he said would be send via email.
I remain hopeful. This hotel, in walkable distance to every place that matters to me, remains golden for its location.
The location was perfect, the room very clean,with modern amenities. Customer service was excellent. Staff couldn't have been more helpful. They give you complimentary bottles of water and they have complimentary tea and coffee. I tried to put one
of the bottles of water they gave me inside the refrigerator in the room, did not know it could not be used as a refrig. It was a vending machine, only. Once you pull the flap, you get charged. So don't pull the flap!
I called the front desk to inform them what had happened, they took off the charge and sent me a working mini refrigerator! It was unexpected and it was a very nice gesture.
I will definitely stay there again.
There are several restaurant's around the hotel, there is also a restaurant in the hotel.
Great gay getaway
Always stay here when i want to be in the gayborhood
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Sandra Deal paid her second visit to the Newton Medical Center Thursday, walking the halls of the birthing unit, meeting with its nurses and doctors ...
COVINGTON - Bridge reconstruction project will shut down two westbound Interstate 20 traffic lanes near Exit 90 all weekend.
The crew of The Vampire Diaries presented a $1,500 check to the Garden of Gethsemane homeless shelter during the Salem Camp Meeting Wednesday evening.
Larry LaFornace Mann, of Tampa, was arrested in the shooting of a 35-year-old female at an adress off Flat Rock Road Wednesday evening.
Atlanta, at once representative of the old South-anything fried is yummy-while being unabashedly open to any and all cuisines from around the world ...
A man was arrested for driving with a suspended license and making terroristic threats after he pulled a BB gun on another driver during a ...
One of the two men shot by Newton County Sheriff's deputies Friday night in the Ellington subdivision off of Brown Bridge Road died at ...
Newton County has handed over one of two letters requested by the East Georgia Land & Development company and ordered by the Georgia Supreme Court, as ...
W. Gregory Pope of The Pope Law Firm P.C. in Covington was elected to serve on the Board of Governors of the 47,000-member ...
Two ordinances were approved and a Porterdale resident recognized for his action in the recent shooting at the Magnet Bottle Store in Conyers at the ...
The 187th Salem Camp meeting kicked off Friday with families from around Georgia and the United States returning for the week-long revival.
There are two oaths Jack Simpson has lived by for most of his entire life: "I will do my best to do my duty to ...
It's the little things that are taken for granted-like picking up a fork or scratching a nose.
MCDONOUGH - Sculptor Andy Davis, who created a sculpture for the Light House Village in Conyers and was recently tapped to create a statue of Dr ...
The bond millage rate in the Newton County School System (NCSS) will be reduced to exactly zero for the upcoming fiscal year.
ATLANTA - State Labor Commissioner Mark Butler says Georgia's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate declined to 9.9 percent in April, down one-tenth of a percentage point from a revised 10 percent in March.
The state's jobless rate was 10.1 percent in April a year ago.
UPDATE: James Dailey will get the ashes back of his deceased wife.
When a tornado packing 105 mph wind ripped through Newborn on April 28, it left a wake of destruction.
A realignment of the Newton County School System central office staff will take effect on July 1.
The Covington City Council had several contentious split votes Monday night regarding parking rules on the square, more land purchases in the Walker's Bend subdivision and even a fireworks bid for the July 3 celebration.
Members of Covington's healthcare community will now be honored annually by the Rotary Club.
Bobby Joe Fowler, first degree forgery, 10 years probation, 180-240 days detention center, $1,000.
Bobby Joe Fowler, first degree forgery, 10 years probation, 180-240 days detention center, $1,000.
Calvin Nathaniel McCutchen, 20, 9445 Tara Drive, Covington, May 5. Terroristic threats and acts.
Expect some cool sounds on a warm night at the Homegrown Jazz by the River concert from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. Friday at the Porterdale Mill Lofts, 1109 Main St. in Porterdale.
Students looking for summer employment or adults looking for a job-hunting edge can attend seminars on dressing for success and customer service from 6:30 to 8 p.m. Thursday at the Nelson Heights Community Center at the intersection of Laseter and Puckett streets.
Students looking for summer employment or adults looking for a job-hunting edge can attend seminars on dressing for success and customer service from 6:30 to 8 p.m. Thursday at the Nelson Heights Community Center at the intersection of Laseter and Puckett streets.
CANTON - Cherokee County officials say a woman who claimed she was being kidnapped has been charged with making a false report of a crime and making false statements.
When you fill up your car in Newton County, you're paying for some of the highest-priced gas in Georgia.
Floyd Street in Covington is the county's most recognizable corridor, lined with antebellum mansions, impeccably manicured landscaping and..."for rent" signs?
ATLANTA - Atlanta police say they made nearly 80 arrests in "Operation Summer Heat" targeting prostitution and narcotics on city streets.
Police say more than 60 of the arrests were connected to prostitution during the six-day operation that ended Sunday morning.
Newton County officials and residents are in for a tough decision this budget year: Should the county cut services or choose some combination of raising the property tax rate and implementing new fees for the right to own pets, to use parks or to use county recycling centers?
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text:
400 1st Avenue N
Minneapolis, MN 55401
Phone: 952-294-0451
Fax: N/A
100 - 249
10 - 20 Million
Software->Internet/Web->B2B eCommerce
SIC Code:
4813 - Telephone Communication, Except Radio
Full company description is available with the free trial.
Additional Info:
Four51, is in the B2b ecommerce industry. Their main office can be found in Minneapolis, MN, and they can be contacted through Four51 email using the domain @four51.com format, some important contact information like linkedin data, phone numbers, contacts for cfos, etc of which can be found on their Lead411 profile. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@example.com addresses.
Company Background:
Full company description is available with the free trial.
Ceo Reference:
Mark Johnson
Mark Johnson is part of Four51, an organization which has its main offices in Minneapolis, MN. Mark serves as the CEO at Four51. If you're searching for Four51 email addresses, you can also find those on their Lead411 profile with the domain @four51.com along with Mark Johnson's linkedin name, twitter tweets, wiki, phone numbers, and biography.Four51's Lead411 profile is categorized under the B2b ecommerce industry. Some possible email formats for Mark Johnson are firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, and email@example.com. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@example.com addresses.
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eBureau, a company that works within the B2b ecommerce industry. Their profile on Lead411 presents significant contact information such as cfo contacts, phone numbers, linkedin data, and Ebureau email addresses with the @ebureau.comdomain format. They have their head office in St. Cloud, MN. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
ClickToShop, LLC.
If you don't want to waste too much time looking for company information regarding Clicktoshop, Llc., a B2b ecommerce company, check out their Lead411 profile. Our profiles have linkedin data, phone numbers, cfo contacts, and more. It contains helpful contact information regarding top company officials, including that of Clicktoshop, Llc.'s CEO Brendan Alexander, and other Clicktoshop, Llc. email format addresses within the @clicktoshop.com domain. Clicktoshop, Llc. is based in Roseville, MN. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our firstname.lastname@example.com addresses.
Company Directory > Four51


text:
Americas Best Value Inn - Indy Northwest
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Day 5, Into the Mid west, I think
A cold and Pleasent start to the ride and only around 340 miles to cover. Easy.... LMAO. If not for the great people I met today it would have been a quicker ride :)
The roads where Uneventful.
So I leave I70 and jump onto 312, I am getting use to the road system lol. 312 is a nice country road that winds down to Quaker city. As i Pull …
Stop TWELVE Brownsburg IN
Had to get another delicious burger, sad to say goodbye to Kelly's. Started out a good travel day, cloudy and a little rainy but not bad. Rained pretty ******* us for little bit but slowed back down by the time we hit Indianapolis. Stopped ...
Day 36: Indianapolis
Main fact for the day: 3 doughnut day. Mmmm. Was a short day cycling so took it nice and easy. Stopped at the Roark factory which make aerospace stuff and titanium bikes.
Cycled through a pretty park and also stopped at the Speedway circuit and velodrome.
Heating up again now as clouds are clearing but still nice riding temps in the 30s.
Tomorrow is a rest day ahhh. Who knows may even update the missing blog bits...
Children's Museum and Drive to Naperville
... 160; The Corvette Museum ended up being a REALLY cool experience. With Chevy in our blood and Adam's love of classic Vettes, it was hard to not spend hours there. We got to see the repairs going on where the sinkhole sucked in a dozen Vettes in 2014 and got to see several prototype Vettes we never knew existed. It was a great place with a lot of history. Several fun photos and souvenirs later we were in the car and on the way to ...
Omni Severn hotel is amazing!!!
Got to Indianapolis just in time to swim in pool before it closed! Woman at front desk felt bad for us all crammed into one room so she gave us a suite and it has a pull out sofa in a sep room and the sofa has a 3rd section that is a mini day bed so everyone has a spot to sleep!!! Then the nice man who brought us pillows said he would keep the pool open an extra 10mins for us! This ...


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|Reviews for Secret's never last
| PiffyEQ chapter 6 . 5/4
Why do all the good stories always seem to get dropped :(
Does anyone have any good recs for other Female Sev stories? I've only found a few :(
| Good Idea chapter 5 . 3/30
I don't know. But Regulus seems like a good choice since the Marauders don't like Slytherins.
| enasencca chapter 6 . 12/18/2014
Snupin!Update soon!
| Lily Umbra chapter 3 . 12/5/2014
why would lily share the entire truth, did sev tell her to? It was very personal, esp the full extent of the abuse.
| arisflame chapter 6 . 12/4/2014
Sev & Reg... (& please no Snupin, there is far too much as is) so please! a rare pairing for a rare genre... it's fairly difficult to find a (good) fem!Snape fic.
On that note, you never did answer the question as to what caused those injuries that put Sev in the infirmary (revealing her secret) in the first place...
| Guest chapter 6 . 11/3/2014
Awesome story!
| Guest chapter 6 . 8/14/2014
Aahh you have to finish. It's so good. Pleeaase add more.
| peach 3 chapter 5 . 6/23/2014
| Guest chapter 6 . 6/5/2014
Regulus/ Snape
| Mari Wollsch chapter 6 . 3/27/2014
great, can't wait for more xxxxxxxxxxxx
| Ahiru28886 chapter 6 . 2/10/2014
Remus please remmy such a sweety
| Reader chapter 6 . 2/4/2014
Please come back and make another chapter soon! This was amazing! I only thought people made Fem!Severus fanart! And then I saw that they made fanfics too! BOO YA!
PLEASE make another chapter for the soon!
| BarbarafromGR chapter 6 . 2/2/2014
Please update soon!
| Joey Danny Ketail chapter 6 . 1/6/2014
Hahaha, poor Peter. Please, please, please, update! I can't wait for the next chapter! I can't wait to see who will be paired with Severina!
| usuihentai727 chapter 6 . 12/17/2013
Love the story! I hope you can continue! I hope they all become friends... I am probably gonna write all the hopes I have...so bear with me.
I hope Severus ends up with Remus (I love that couple, and Severus (as well as Remus) deserves someone to be with), I hope Regulus and Sirius reconcile as brothers, and that Severus and Regulus don't become death eaters.
Please update soon! :D


text:
Last updated 07/30/2015 12:54 PM
Catholic News Around Indiana
The Catholic newspapers of the five dioceses of Indiana -- Evansville, Fort Wayne-South Bend, Gary, Indianapolis and Lafayette -- have agreed to share news stories with each other on a regular basis. They are compiled by Brandon A. Evans.
Sometimes these new stories appear in the print edition of The Catholic Moment; many more will be appearing here.
Diocese of Evansville
Ignite Your Torch Conference attended by Daylight parishioners
"Ignite your torch! Conquer for Christ!"
This was the cry of nearly 300 youth gathered in the gym on the campus of St. Catharine College in Springfield, Ky. Since 2009, this campus has become the training ground for Catholic high schoolers as they go forth amongst their peers as martyrs – witnesses to the faith.
The Ignite Your Torch Conference was created in response to World Youth Day, started by our beloved St. John Paul II. It places a strong emphasis on our individual, particular calls to holiness and better prepares youth to proudly cling to their Catholic identity, even in the midst of our often anti-religious society.
On this retreat, the youth are able to partake in the Sacraments of Reconciliation and the Holy Eucharist; share in the community of youth from other parts of our country; interact with many priests and religious; attend workshops where they may learn how to better defend their Faith; and to stand up for Life as they pray and silently witness outside of the abortion mill in downtown Louisville, Ky.
IYT begins and ends with the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. Devotion to Our Lady also sets the tone for the weekend, as at the end of the first night the participants all join in a candlelit Rosary procession with her image.
The youth and adults also have the opportunity to praise God joyfully through recreation and music. There is a religious vs. youth dodgeball tournament, line dancing, praise and worship throughout the weekend and other fun activities.
Adoration of Our Dear Lord in the Most Blessed Sacrament is a very central part of the weekend. IYT participants are able to have that time to become intimate with their Eternal Love, the Most Blessed Trinity. It is in adoration that the rest of the weekend finds its place, and by which the conference bears fruit. It is that time during which attendees may sit with their Creator, Savior, Friend and King. They all have the opportunity to kiss or touch the veil around Jesus, just as the woman in the Gospel touched Him and was healed.
The great spiritual warfare that surrounds us is brought to light in this conference. This war – which Christ has already won – is ever waged on us, the Church militant, by Satan. During this retreat, participants are on the front lines as they go before the abortion mill to pray for the women and children inside. It is that ancient struggle between life and death. And it is Christ, our Life, who triumphs. All at IYT are reminded, "Jesus is Lord!"
'Tech It Easy': MEO hosts summer day camp
By Katelyn Klingler (The Message Intern)
From July 13-16, Marian Educational Outreach hosted "Tech it Easy," a summer day camp for diocesan students in grades 3-12 who benefit from assistive technology.
Assistive technology allows students of various learning needs to discover and create personalized ways of learning that optimize and enhance their classroom experiences.
This goal ties in with the mission of Marian Education Outreach, "a ministry of the Catholic Diocese of Evansville committed to providing opportunities for students with unique learning needs to reach their highest potential while remaining in the Catholic school system."
This year's camp, which focused on using iPads and a variety of apps, was held in the Reitz Memorial High School media center, and it was broken into sessions for students in elementary, middle school and high school grade levels. Resource teachers and tech specialists from diocesan Catholic schools directed the camp, which included scavenger hunts and other activities designed to make learning as engaging as possible.
During the camp, elementary school students used the app Pic Collage to create digital poster boards about themselves, and they used apps like Photofunia and Puppet Pals to create other engaging videos and presentations.
High schools students used a "smart pen" and special paper to take recorded notes; they were then able to review their notes and listen to what their teachers had been saying as they wrote.
Students also used an app called Green Screen to create videos of themselves, to which they could add recordings and images. They worked in groups to create video reports using the app, and they used various tools to label and add notes to assignments and projects.
The technology tools incorporated during the camp will provide students with knowledge and resources they can carry into the school year as alternative tools to complete class work. If a student struggles to present in front of his or her classmates, for example, that student could create a video or virtual presentation instead.
"Students who learn differently often need alternative options to demonstrate their understanding of a particular standard or subject content they have learned in the classroom," said Bart Burke, technology coordinator at Sts. Peter and Paul School in Haubstadt. He taught at this year's camp and also serves as MEO's social media coordinator.
(For news from the Diocese of Evansville, log on to the website of The Message at www.themessageonline.org)
Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend
Mishawaka man's books chosen for World Meeting of Families
MISHAWAKA — Franciscan Music of Mishawaka has been selected to provide two books that will be used at the Youth Congress of the World Meeting of Families in Philadelphia this September. The two books, a 32-page coloring book and a 64-page storybook, are based on the spiritual classic, "Little Flowers of Saint Francis of Assisi," which was written around 700 years ago. These fanciful tales, abridged for children by Joe Higginbotham, a member of the Secular Franciscan Order, and edited by Jill Boughton, will encourage young readers to imitate the love and virtue of the humble man who rebuilt the Church and forever changed the world. In addition to the World Meeting of Families, Scholastic Book Club has added the storybook to their catalog. Scholastic sells books to children throughout the country.
Higginbotham, the director of liturgy and music at St. Bavo Parish in Mishawaka and spokesman for Franciscan Music said, "We are honored to have two of our products chosen by the World Meeting of Families and Scholastic Book Club. Our goal is to offer inspiring music and books in the spirit of St. Francis of Assisi. We want to make accessible the love, joy and goodness of St. Francis through materials based on Franciscan spirituality." The books chosen contain engaging tales that capture these Franciscan traits. A special prayer to help the child engage from their heart follows each story.
Artist Andrea Pynaert, also of Mishawaka, has crafted warm and vibrant illustrations that make this an appealing coloring book or storybook for children of all ages.
Jennifer Farrell, a local first-grade teacher, said, "The children in my class look forward to getting their other work finished so they can take out their St. Francis coloring books and continue their artistic work. What a beautiful way to engage young children in the lives of the saints. The students in my class learned a great deal about this popular saint."
Bishop Kevin C. Rhoades has said, "The books are excellent."
Marsha Jordan, superintendent of Catholic Schools for the Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend, said, "The Little Flowers of St. Francis Story Book and companion "Little Flowers of St. Francis Coloring Book" are both delightfully presented for young children to enjoy and be captivated by the story of St. Francis of Assisi. The animation of the characters and animals depicted will attract the attention of any young child, while presenting themes of faith, holiness and a love of Jesus by St. Francis."
(For news from the Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend, log on to the website of Today's Catholic at www.todayscatholicnews.org)
Diocese of Gary
10 years: Soup kitchen continues serving up good food, fellowship
By Steve Euvino
CEDAR LAKE—It started 10 years ago with a handful of volunteers, 25 hungry mouths, and a blessing from Bishop Dale J. Melczek. Ten years, countless meals, and many devoted volunteers later, St. Clare's Kitchen is still in operation, serving up food and friendship.
Bishop Donald J. Hying was there June 16 for the 10-year anniversary dinner, passing out napkins and utensils to the people lined up for hot turkey, mashed potatoes, and a piece of cake bearing the image of St. Clare, a contemporary of St. Francis of Assisi who also served the poor.
Located in the basement of Holy Name Church, St. Clare's Kitchen today serves an average of 100 people every Tuesday from 5 to 6 p.m. The weekly meal began when members of Our Lady of Lourdes Fraternity of the Secular Order of Franciscans contacted the former pastor, the late Father Edward Kennedy, about starting such a ministry. Father Kennedy approached the parish council about the idea, and the council gave its approval.
Jim Metro, who served on the Holy Name finance council when the soup kitchen started, was attending recently with his son James. Saying the project "took off very well," Metro noted, "It's great that people come, not just because they're hungry, but for the fellowship. They come for a meal and a smile."
Franciscan Father Edward Tlucek, Holy Name pastor, observed the number of elderly who come to enjoy others' company and the growing number of families attending. The pastor said the free meal is open to anyone, regardless of economic status.
"You come, you get fed, no questions asked," Father Tlucek said.
Kathy Georgelas, a Secular Franciscan who with Sharon Marmalejo began the soup kitchen, has witnessed its growth, as well as community support for the project. That includes donations of bread products from a local supermarket which are placed on a table for patrons to take home.
"It's in my blood. I enjoy it. I look forward to it," Georgelas said. "Part of our mission as Secular Franciscans is serving the poor. We're serving people who are in need and people who need fellowship. There are a lot of hungry people and lonely people out there."
(For news from the Diocese of Gary, log on to the website of the Northwest Indiana Catholic at www.nwicatholic.com)
Archdiocese of Indianapolis
Officials hope eliminating fees will dispel annulment misconceptions
By Sean Gallagher
Archbishop Joseph W. Tobin has chosen to eliminate all fees previously connected to canon law investigations related to petitions for declarations of nullity of marriages, commonly known as annulments.
In an interview with The Criterion, Archbishop Tobin said that "my heart goes out to the many good people who have suffered the tragic breakup of their marriage."
"My hope is that the decision to waive the fees for the annulment process may encourage these brothers and sisters who have a doubt regarding the sacramentality of their previous marriage to submit a petition to our Metropolitan Tribunal," he added.
As archdiocesan vicar judicial, Father Stanley Pondo leads the ministry of the archdiocese's Metropolitan Tribunal.
He said that the investigations tribunal staff members carry out can help petitioners to come to terms with aspects of their own lives related to their failed marriages in ways that the civil divorce process doesn't address.
"When a person goes through a divorce, a lot of times it's a traumatic experience and there's not a lot of self-reflection that occurs as a part of the civil process," Father Pondo said. "The civil process essentially deals with the civic effects, such as custody of children and division of property that results from a civil divorce.
"The civil courts really don't encourage any sort of reflection about what the marriage was, what the behaviors in the marriage were, what may have contributed to the breakup of the marriage. One of the things that happens in the annulment process is that the person is encouraged and helped to consider those kinds of issues. That can have a healing effect."
Archbishop Tobin noted that the waiving of fees related to annulment investigations is part of a broader effort of the Church in central and southern Indiana to support couples preparing for marriage and thse already married.
"Christian marriage is a precious gift and holy lifestyle that is beset by new stressors and whose meaning is blurred by cultural confusion," he said. "The Catholic community must respond to these challenges with prophetic witness and pastoral charity."
Archbishop Tobin blesses first of its kind Intercultural Pastoral Institute, praises local Church's diversity
By Victoria Arthur (Special to The Criterion)
A diverse group of Catholics from across central and southern Indiana gathered on July 16 to witness the blessing of the new Intercultural Pastoral Institute in Indianapolis—and a new beginning for the building that it will call home.
The institute will offer programs that promote and celebrate the rich diversity within the Church and the archdiocese in particular. It is located at the former St. Bernadette Parish on the east side of Indianapolis. St. Bernadette merged in November with nearby Our Lady of Lourdes Parish as a result of the Connected in the Spirit planning process.
"This is a building for all of us," said Franciscan Brother Moises Gutierrez, director of the archdiocesan Office of Intercultural Ministry, which developed the concept for and will operate the institute. "We can use our imagination because now we have a really good place as a platform for living out our call to communion in this diverse Church of ours."
The institute's facilities, located at 4838 Fletcher Ave. in Indianapolis, will host classes for the Office of Intercultural Ministry's four ethnic pastoral formation programs and other cultural events.
An ethnic dinner series began on July 18, with an evening celebrating the food, culture and spirituality of Vietnam. Future evenings will focus on Korea, Mexico, the Philippines, Myanmar (formerly Burma), and Africa—all orchestrated by Catholics in the archdiocese with ties to those cultures. Ultimately, according to Brother Moises, the programming offered at the institute is intended to strengthen ministry and outreach to diverse cultural groups at the parish level.
The Intercultural Pastoral Institute is the first of its kind in the United States, he said, because of its all-encompassing scope.
"There are Hispanic institutes, but ours is the first pastoral institute serving multiple cultures," he said. "This says a lot about the leadership of the archdiocese … that it is responding to the needs of the Church."
Before blessing the new institute, Archbishop Joseph W. Tobin compared the idea behind it to concepts set forth by Pope Francis in "Laudato Si', on Care for Our Common Home," his encyclical on protecting the environment. He noted that Pope Francis refers to care for our common home, the Earth—and respect for the diversity of life that dwells there.
"We must recognize the relationship that exists between us and the world around us," Archbishop Tobin said. "We are all connected. We all must recognize the bonds of faith, hope and charity that unite us without erasing the diversity that is the Spirit's gift to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis."
(For news from the Archdiocese of Indianapolis, log on to the website of The Criterion at www.CriterionOnline.com) †


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Sweary Berger delights race viewers, mortifies broadcastersAs a television journalist, former F1 leadfoot Gerhard Berger makes an excellent race car driver. A member of the Ferrari stable in the late 1980s and early '90s (except for a brief flirtation with McLaren), the Austrian played a feature off-track ... Sydney Morning Herald, 1 month ago
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Berger delights race viewers, mortifies broadcasters - Queensland Country Life, 1 month ago
The F1 2015 title race is finally on
"Why don't you drive every race like this?" former grand prix driver Gerhard Berger asked Nico Rosberg on the podium in Austria on Sunday after arguably the most impressive win of the German's Formula 1 career. With that one cheeky question, ...BBC, 1 month ago Austrian GP as it happened: Nico Rosberg wins the race after overtaking Hamilton on lap 1 Firstpost.com, 1 month ago
Ferrari not quite ready for 2015 title Berger
Jul.31 (GMM/Inautonews.com) Gerhard Berger has hailed the performance in 2015 of his old team Ferrari. Earlier, some were arguing that Ferrari only appeared to have improved this year due to the collapse of its rival grandees like Red Bull and ...Inautonews, 2 days ago Hulkenberg has possibility of Ferrari chair thinks Berger GrandPrix NewsListOnline, 1 month ago Hulkenberg has chance of Ferrari seat Berger Inautonews, 1 month ago
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Once, I had an opportunity to get a lift from a certain Gerhard Berger around Hockenheimring in a BMW M1 ProCar . Unfortunately, the skies opened up and deposited roughly 2 inches of rain over the entire course. The M1 ProCar is a pretty good track ...Road & Track, 2 weeks ago
Red Bull chief Christian Horner denies rumours that his job is under threat
Reports had suggested that the Red Bull principal was set to be replaced by Gerhard Berger, a friend of owner Dietrich Mateschitz Mark Thompson Denial: Horner says his future remains at Red Bull Red Bull chief Christian Horner says he ...Irish Mirror, 1 month ago Horner denies Berger to replace him Inautonews, 1 month ago Red Bull F1 chief Christian Horner shocked by rumours about his future at the team The Press NZ, 1 month ago Red Bull Could Sack Team Boss Christian Horner Daily Car Blog, 1 month ago
Five things we learned from the Hungarian Grand Prix
Mercedess poor starts are great for Formula One, Ferrari enjoy the benefits of clean-air racing and Daniel Ricciardos smile is back on full beam It may have been what head of motorsport, Toto Wolff, called a crappy day at the office for Mercedes ...Demanjo, 4 days ago Rosberg triumphs in Spielberg Times of Malta, 1 month ago German Wins to Turn up Pressure on Hamilton New Indian Express, 1 month ago Rosberg takes Austria F1 Grand Prix ENCA, 1 month ago
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Formula One is one of the most adrenalin-thumping sports in the world and the drivers who participate in the races are often just one crash away from ending their careers, and sometimes, their lives. Many notable legends have suffered crashes over ...MensXP.com, 1 week ago Mercedes boss Toto Wolff says Formula One grid still has characters Auto Week, 1 month ago F1 grid still has characters Wolff Inautonews, 1 month ago
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Oprah discusses HIV/AIDS and life on the "down low" April 16
BY admin
April 16 2004 12:00 AM ET
Oprah will host a discussion on the phenomenon of African-American men who don't identify as gay but have sex with other men--known as "living on the down low"--on the Friday, April 16, episode. (Check local listings.) Guests will include Phill Wilson, executive director of the Black AIDS Institute, and J.L. King, author of the upcoming book On the Down Low. For more information visit www.Oprah.com or www.BlackAIDS.org or www.LivingDownLow.com.
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text: Nicole Scherzinger Wearing Latex Spandex Cat Woman Suit To Jonathan Ross Halloween Party Nov 2, 2013 Nicole Scherzinger Place your ad here Loading... Like the article? Please share on your social network. :) Facebook Google+ Twitter Reddit LinkedIn Pinterest You may also like ... Nicole Scherzinger – 2015 Special Olympics Inaugural Dance Challenge In Beverly Hills Nicole Scherzinger Upskirt At Michael Costello Capsule Collection Launch Party In LA Nicole Scherzinger Leaving SiriusXM Studios In NYC


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Great Alaska Beer & Barley Wine Festival 2014 January 17 - January 18, 2014 — TBA
There are two sessions:
General Session $40 per person
Friday, January 17,[masked]:00pm - 10:00pm (Last Call 9:30pm)
Saturday, January 18,[masked]:00pm - 10:00pm (Last Call 9:30pm)
Connoisseur Session $50 per person
Benefits Brewers Guild of Alaska
Saturday, January 18,[masked]:00pm – 5:00pm
Admission price includes 6 oz. Commemorative glass, 30 samples, ID band, and official program.
Must be 21 years of age or older with proof to attend – NO EXCEPTIONS!
We just grab a coffee and speak French. Some people have been coming every week for months... it creates a kind of warmth to the group.
— Rafaël, started French Conversation Group
Meetup members, Log in
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*La La Vasquez Anthony's life is an open book at this point, especially with her current reality show, "La La's Full Court Life."
On the series she often highlights her hubby Carmelo Anthony and son Kiyan. Her best friends are frequently talked about and occasionally peep their heads in. But one special person who may be overlooked by others is her lesbian cousin Dice.
According to La La, she's a big part of her inner circle, but is challenged with identity issues.
In a cover story for Vibe Vixen she said:
"My cousin Dice is a big part of my reality show and what's important to me about Dice besides, obviously, that being my cousin and one of my best friends, is Dice is dealing with sexuality issues and different things like that," she said, explaining that her documenting her struggle may serve a purpose for the larger LGBT community.
"I think it's important to see things like that on television because you have a lot of people struggling with who they are and trying to find themselves and worrying about if people aren't going to accept them, and it's good that we touch on these issues on the show," she continued. "I think that can help a lot of people."
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