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Khwarg et al (see
Partial mass excision including that of overlying thick conjunctiva, and free conjunctival autograft from the fellow eye is reported to be a simple and effective technique for the surgical management of conjunctival dermolipoma in a retrospective series of 13 cases.
Akuffo et al (see
In a community-living population of older adults aged 50 years or over in the Republic of Ireland, the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration is estimated at 7.2%. Age and family history is associated with this condition.
Tufail et al (see
Earlier treatment of neovascuar age-related macular degeneration in patients with good baseline visual acuity (better than 6/12) is associated with significantly better visual outcome.
Ishii et al (see
In a study of 17 patients with RP and 27 controls, fractional anisotropy values of the...]]>
This uproar can be traced to a recent study by Tseng et al.
To assess the association between visual impairment (VI) and subsequent presence of depressive symptoms among older persons.
Of the 3654 baseline participants (aged over 49 years) of the Blue Mountains Eye Study, 2334, 1952 and 1149 were re-examined after 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. VI was defined as best-corrected visual acuity <6/12 in either or both eyes. Presence of depressive symptoms was defined if mental health index (MHI) scores <59 or incident use of antidepressant medications. Persons with VI detected at the 5-year or 10-year follow-up visits were assessed for depressive symptoms in 5 years. Persons with VI detected at baseline or the 5-year follow-up were assessed for depressive symptoms over 10 years. Controls were persons without VI over the corresponding period. Discrete logistic regression models with time-dependent study and outcome variables were used, adjusting for potential confounders.
Of 1568 participants who had the MHI assessed at two consecutive visits, 226 had bilateral or unilateral VI detected 5 years earlier and 120 had VI detected over 10 years earlier. Depressive symptoms were reported in 27% and 31.6% of cases with VI detected 5 and over 10 years earlier, respectively, compared with 10.8%–11.5% of controls. There was a significantly greater odds of presenting depressive symptoms among VI cases detected 5 years earlier (OR, 3.06, 95% CI 1.72 to 5.44), but this was non-significant for cases detected over 10 years earlier (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.98).
VI was associated with subsequently presenting depressive symptoms over 5 years among older persons.
There is a paucity of data in the literature on the surgical management of conjunctival dermolipoma. In this study, we report outcomes of a partial mass excision technique (excision of the portion visible when eyes open) and free conjunctival autograft.
Medical records of 13 patients with dermolipoma who had undergone partial mass excision at Seoul National University Hospital from January 1999 to May 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. After resection of the visible part of tumour, including the overlying thick surface conjunctiva, the conjunctival defects were reconstructed with free conjunctival autograft harvested from the contralateral superior bulbar area.
The median postoperative follow-up period was 5 months (range 1–84 months). The cosmetic surgical results were satisfactory in all 13 patients. Three patients showed thick texture on the grafted surgical area postoperatively, but there was no significant scar formation resulting in restrictive symblepharon or eye movement limitation. There were no other significant complications, such as blepharoptosis, diplopia or keratoconjunctivitissicca during the follow-up period.
Partial mass (visible part only) excision, including that of the overlying thick conjunctiva, and free conjunctival autograft from the opposite eye, is a relatively simple and effective technique for the surgical management of conjunctival dermolipoma.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains the most common cause of visual loss among subjects over 50 years of age in the developed world. The Irish Longitudinal study on Ageing (TILDA) is a population-based study of subjects aged 50 years or older, designed to investigate factors that influence ageing, and has enabled this investigation of the prevalence of AMD in the Republic of Ireland (ROI).
Data collected from a nationally representative sample of community-living older adults aged 50 years and over in ROI over the period November 2009 to July 2011. 5035 participants attended the TILDA health centre for assessment. Retinal photographs were obtained in 4859 of these participants. Retinal grading was performed in a masked fashion using a modified version of the International Classification and Grading System for AMD.
Adjusting for lower response rates among older subjects, the estimated overall prevalence of any AMD was 7.2% (95% CI 6.5% to 7.9%) in the population aged 50 years or older. The estimated prevalence of early AMD was 6.6% (95% CI 5.9% to 7.3%), and the estimated prevalence of late AMD was 0.6% (95% CI 0.4% to 0.8%). Statistically significant associations with AMD included increasing age and family history of the condition.
This is the first study to provide prevalence estimates of AMD in ROI and will inform eye care professionals and policymakers involved in the delivery and planning of care for those afflicted with this condition.
To study the effectiveness and clinical relevance of eyes treated with good (better than 6/12 or >70 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters) visual acuity (VA) when initiating treatment with ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in the UK National Health Service. Currently eyes with VA better than (>) 6/12 are not routinely funded for therapy.
Multicentre national nAMD database study on patients treated 3–5 years prior to the analysis. Anonymised structured data were collected from 14 centres. The primary outcome was the mean VA at year 1, 2 and 3. Secondary measures included the number of clinic visits and injections.
The study included 12 951 treatment-naive eyes of 11 135 patients receiving 92 976 ranibizumab treatment episodes. A total of 754 patients had baseline VA better than 6/12 and at least 1-year of follow up. Mean VA of first treated eyes with baseline VA>6/12 at year 1, 2, 3 were 6/10, 6/12, 6/15, respectively and those with baseline VA 6/12 to >6/24 were 6/15, 6/17, 6/20, respectively (p values <0.001 for comparing differences between 6/12 and 6/12–6/24 groups). For the second eyes with baseline VA>6/12, mean VA at year 1, 2, 3 were 6/9, 6/9, 6/10 and those with baseline VA 6/12 to >6/24 were 6/15, 6/15, 6/27, respectively (p values <0.001–0.005). There was no significant difference in the average number of clinic visits or injections between those with VA better and worse than 6/12.
All eyes with baseline VA>6/12 maintained better mean VA than the eyes with baseline VA 6/12 to >6/24 at all time points for at least 2 years. The significantly better visual outcome in patients who were treated with good baseline VA has implications on future policy regarding the treatment criteria for nAMD patients' funding.
To evaluate alteration of the optic radiation (OR) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) using fractional anisotropy (FA) measured by diffusion tensor MRI.
We performed MRI and evaluated alteration of the ORs in 17 patients with RP and 27 healthy controls. Regions of interest were placed over the bilateral anterior and posterior areas of the ORs, and we measured the FA value of each region. Visual field (VF) tests were examined in all subjects, and we corrected the residual VF area according to the projection area to the striate cortex. Differences between the FA values of patients and healthy controls were tested. We performed regression analyses between the sum of the corrected VF areas and FA values in the anterior or posterior contralateral ORs in patients with RP. Moreover, we performed regression analyses between the average of FA values of ORs and the average of both eyes of visual acuity in patients with RP.
FA values of the bilateral anterior and posterior ORs were lower in patients with RP (anterior right, p=0.012; posterior right, p=0.0004; anterior left, p=0.0008; and posterior left, p=0.0004) compared with those of healthy controls. In patients with RP, significant correlations were observed between average FA values of anterior ORs and average visual acuity (correlation coefficient (r)=–0.54; p=0.025).
In patients with RP, alterations may occur not only in the retina but also in the brain.
Aflibercept is an approved therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular oedema (DME). In vitro and in vivo studies did not detect toxicity to the retinal pigment epithelium cells using the approved cancer protein, ziv-aflibercept. Our purpose is to determine if ziv-aflibercept can be used in AMD and DME without ocular toxicity, to test the stability of ziv-aflibercept, and to do a cost analysis.
Prospectively, consecutive patients with AMD or DME and poor vision underwent one intravitreal injection of 0.05 mL of fresh filtered ziv-aflibercept (1.25 mg). Monitoring of best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular inflammation, cataract progression, and retinal structure by spectral domain optical coherence tomography was done at 1 day and 1 week after injection. Ziv-aflibercept activity over 4 weeks was measured by capturing vascular endothelial growth factor by ELISA.
There were no signs of retinal toxicity, intraocular inflammation or change in lens status in four eyes with AMD and two eyes with DME. Visual acuity improved (p=0.05) and central foveal thickness decreased in all patients (p=0.05). Ziv-aflibercept had no loss of anti-VEGF activity when kept at 4°C in polycarbonate syringes over 4 weeks. Similar to bevacizumab, compounded ziv-aflibercept would yield a tremendous saving compared with aflibercept or ranibizumab.
Off-label use of ziv-aflibercept improves visual acuity without ocular toxicity and may offer a cheaper alternative to the same molecule aflibercept.
To determine the thickness of the fovea in eyes of children with anisohypermetropic amblyopia, their fellow eyes and eyes of age-matched controls. Additionally, to assess the effects of optical treatment on the foveal thickness in eyes with anisohypermetropic amblyopia.
Twenty-one patients (6.0±2.3 years, mean±SD) with anisohypermetropic amblyopia and 25 age-matched controls (5.6±1.9 years) were studied. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to obtain OCT images. The foveal thickness and the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), photoreceptor inner segment (IS) layer and outer segment (OS) layer were measured by the embedded OCT software.
The length of the OS was significantly greater in the fellow eyes (48.0±6.6 µm) than in the amblyopic eyes (42.4±4.6 µm, p=0.03). One year after the optical treatment of the anisohypermetropia, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved and the length of the OS was significantly increased (p=0.0001). After optical treatment, there was no more significant difference in the OS length between the amblyopic eyes and the fellow eyes (p=0.95). The change of BCVA was significantly correlated with the change of the length of the OS 1 year after the treatment (r=0.52; p=0.0004).
Anisohypermetropic amblyopic eyes have qualitative and quantitative differences in the retinal microstructures of the fovea from normal eyes. An increase in the OS length was detected in the amblyopic eyes after the optical treatment. A significant correlation was found between the increased OS length and better BCVA.
The trial registration number of the internal review board of Nara Medical University was 774.
To investigate the association of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) with aqueous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other inflammatory cytokines.
These are prospective comparative studies. Subjects comprised 98 eyes for VEGF concentration and 80 eyes for other cytokines, which are normal except for cataract. PVD was examined by B-mode ultrasonography, and the subjects were divided into complete PVD group (PVD group) or the other group (without PVD group). At the beginning of cataract surgery, aqueous humour was collected and the concentrations of VEGF and other inflammatory cytokines were determined using ELISA and a multiplex cytokine assay, respectively. The concentrations of these cytokines were compared between the two groups.
Complete PVD was observed in 56 (57%) eyes for VEGF concentration analysis, and 51 (64%) eyes for the other cytokines analysis. The concentrations of VEGF, adjusted for the average age, axial length and gender distribution, was 47 pg/mL in the PVD group and 72 pg/mL in the without PVD group. The concentrations of IP-10, MCP-1, CXCL13 and CCL11 were 53, 450, 3.8 and 6.0 pg/mL in the PVD group, and 100, 560, 7.0 and 8.4 pg/mL in the without PVD group, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the logarithmic concentration of VEGF, IP-10, MCP-1, CXCL13 and CCL11 were significantly lower in the eyes with PVD than in those without PVD independently of age, sex and axial length (p=0.01, p=0.002, p=0.009, 0.006 and 0.03, respectively).
PVD is related to the change in the multiple intraocular inflammatory cytokines.
To evaluate the long-term efficacy and complications of half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treating chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
A retrospective, interventional case series of patients with chronic CSC (symptoms greater double equals3 months) receiving half-dose PDT (3 mg/m2 verteporfin). Optical coherence tomography, fundus short-wave autofluorescence and near-infrared autofluorescence (SW-AF and NIR-AF) were taken at each visit. Central foveal thickness (CFT) and relative CFT (RCFT) were measured manually. Outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF), CFT and RCFT, and changes of SW-AF and NIR-AF.
56 eyes of 56 patients (45 male and 11 female patients; mean age 45 years) were included in this study. The anatomic resolution was obtained in 100% at 1 year and at the last follow-up, respectively. Four cases developed recurrence of SRF after one session of PDT. The mean session of PDT was 1.00. The mean follow-up was 55.5 months. Final CFT and RCFT showed a positive correlation with final BCVA. Complications included enlargement of retinal pigment epithelial atrophy in one case and choroidal neovascularisation in another two cases at 12 and 14 months after PDT.
PDT with half-dose verteporfin has a long-term efficacy and safety profile in chronic CSC. However, complications may still happen despite the reduced dosage.
The CCH IRB No. 131007.
Macular traction may influence the formation and response to treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DME). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associations of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) evident epiretinal membrane (ERM) and/or partial vitreomacular separation (pVMS) in consecutive patients undergoing macular photocoagulation for centre involving DME.
A single-centre retrospective cross-sectional observational study.
198 eyes of 198 patients were included. Twelve per cent of eyes demonstrated pVMS and 14% ERM. All cases of pVMS had vitreoretinal adhesion located in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid central 1 mm subfield. In 2/3 of ERM cases, ERM was either found in the central subfield or the thickening associated with ERM was contiguous with the thickening in the central subfield. Patients with signs of ERM or pVMS were significantly older and had significantly worse acuity than those without (mean age 67.2 vs 62.8 years (p=0.02); 0.49 vs 0.31 logMAR, p=0.0006). Macular thickness was similar in both groups. The prevalence of pVMS and/or ERM were 31% in Caucasian, 5% in Asian and 24% in Afro-Caribbean subjects (p=0.11).
ERM or pVMS was found on SD-OCT scanning in 25% of patients undergoing laser for centre involving DME. In 20% of all patients, these potentially tractional elements were either present in the central subfield scan or the traction was contiguous with the central macular thickening, suggesting a possible role for surgical or enzymatic relief of traction in their management. This requires targeted investigation.
To analyse changes in choroidal thickness and retinal sensitivity (Se) in patients with geographic atrophy (GA) with or without choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in the fellow eye.
Patients with bilateral GA (B-GA group) and patients with unilateral GA and CNV in the fellow eye (U-GA group) were followed every 6 months, and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT), blue and near infrared-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (B- and NIR-FAF), and microperimetry were evaluated.
GA area, choroidal thickness, and Se were measured in the eye with GA at baseline and every 6 months up to the last follow-up visit.
19 patients (8 in the B-GA group (16 eyes) and 11 in the U-GA group (11 eyes)) were studied. The mean±SD follow-up was 1.66±0.71 years (range 0.74–2.60 years) in the U-GA group, and 1.51±0.86 years (range 0.58–2.95 years) in the B-GA group (p=0.6766). Mean GA area was not significantly different between groups at baseline (p=0.4118 in the B-FA and p=0.6806 in the NIR-FAF) or at follow-up (p=0.5734 in the B-FAF and p=0.8945 in the NIR-FAF). Mean GA area significantly increased in both groups during follow-up (p=0.0050 for B-FAF and p=0.0052 for NIR-FAF in the U-GA group; p=0.0049 for B-FAF and p=0.0072 for NIR-FAF in the B-GA group). Choroidal thickness was significantly greater in the B-GA group compared with the U-GA group both at baseline (mean choroidal thickness 170.5±78.5 μm vs 129.1±36.1 μm; p=0.0371) and at last follow-up (173.2±86.1 μm vs 123±32.1 μm; p=0.0340). During follow-up mean choroidal thickness significantly decreased only in the U-GA group (p=0.0276); conversely mean Se significantly decreased only in B-GA group (p=0.0405).
During follow-up, changes in Se and choroidal thickness differed in patients with GA with or without CNV in the fellow eye. These results identify at least two GA phenotypes, in which the development and progression of GA may be primarily due to different pathophysiologic mechanisms.
This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intravitreal aflibercept injection for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).
Eighteen eyes of 17 consecutive patients with PCV received three consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of aflibercept and one additional injection 2 months later (four injections totally). All patients underwent eye examinations, which included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography. The primary endpoint of the study was the regression of polypoidal lesions. The secondary endpoints were BCVA, central retinal thickness (CRT) and changes in retinal exudation.
Six months after the first aflibercept injection, the polypoidal lesions were completely resolved in 14 eyes (77.7%) and partially resolved in 4 eyes (22.2%). Although branching choroidal vascular networks were still present in all eyes, retinal exudative changes had completely resolved in 17 eyes (94.4%), and the mean CRT decreased significantly from 407.2±100.1 µm to 229.1±57.2 µm (p<0.0001). BCVA (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution, logMAR) improved significantly from 0.414±0.384 at baseline to 0.297±0.334 after 6 months (p=0.016).
At 6 months, aflibercept monotherapy effectively reduced polyps, retinal exudation and CRT in patients with PCV.
To introduce a novel ab interno 360° trabeculotomy for treating primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG) and report preliminary results.
A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent a gonioscopy assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) procedure by four of the authors (DSG, OS, RLF and DGG) between October 2011 and October 2013. The surgery was performed in patients ≤30 years old with a dysgenic anterior segment angle and uncontrolled PCG and JOAG.
Fourteen eyes of 10 patients underwent GATT with follow-up >12 months (12–33 months; mean 20.4). Patients ranged in age from 17 months to 30 years (mean=18.4 years), and five (50%) were female patients. No complications occurred during or following surgery except for early postoperative hyphema in five (36%) of eyes, all cleared by 1 month. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased from 27.3 to 14.8 mm Hg and the mean number of medications required decreased from 2.6 to 0.86. Five eyes had a drop in IOP ≥15 mm Hg (range 15–39).
The preliminary results and safety for GATT, a minimally invasive conjunctival sparing circumferential trabeculotomy, are promising and at least equivalent to previous results for ab externo trabeculotomy for the treatment of PCG and JOAG. All eyes in the study were considered a clinical success.
To evaluate quantitative changes in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) parameters at 4 years in subjects with open angles on gonioscopy at baseline.
339 gonioscopically open-angle subjects aged >50 years underwent AS-OCT imaging (Visante, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) at baseline and at 4 years. Customised software was used to analyse images. Linear regression was performed to assess baseline predictors of change in mean trabecular iris space area (TISA).
Of the 339 subjects, 204 (61%) had good images for analysis. The mean age at baseline was 60 (SD 6.42) years; 55.4% were women and 87.7% were Chinese. Overall, there was a decrease in anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber area (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and angle opening distance at 500/750 µm, TISA 500/750 µm, iris thickness at 2000 µm and iris area in both nasal and temporal quadrants (p<0.05) at 4 years. There was an increase in iris curvature (ICURV) and lens vault (LV) (p<0.05). With univariate analysis, shorter axial length (AxL), shallower ACD, greater LV, smaller ACA/ACV and larger mean ICURV at baseline were associated with less change in TISA750 at follow-up. On multivariate analysis, only baseline mean ICURV and shorter AxL were predictive of less change in TISA750 at 4 years.
Angle width significantly decreased; ICURV and LV increased in subjects with gonioscopically open angles followed at 4 years. Eyes with shorter AxL and greater ICURV at baseline had lesser decrease in angle width.
Since the start of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, the numbers of young service personnel who have sustained a combat-related visual impairment have increased. This cross-sectional study examined the mental well-being of ex-servicemen (aged 22–55 years) with a visual impairment and determined if the mental health of those with a combat-related visual impairment differed from those whose visual impairment is not combat-related.
Male ex-service personnel with a visual impairment completed a telephone interview assessing the presence of depressive symptomatology, probable anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and alcohol misuse. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.
77 participants were included in the study, reflecting a response rate of 76.2%. Of those with complete data (n=74), 20 ex-servicemen had a combat-related visual impairment. Among ex-service personnel with a combat-related visual impairment, 10.0% (95% CI 0 to 23.2) screened positive for a probable depression, 25.0% (95% CI 6.0 to 44.0) for probable anxiety and 10.0% (95% CI 0 to 23.2) for probable PTSD. The prevalence of probable depression and probable PTSD differed among those with a non-combat-related visual impairment, namely 18.5% (95% CI 8.1 to 28.9) and 16.7% (95% CI 6.8 to 26.7), respectively. Probable anxiety was 18.5% (95% CI 8.1 to 28.9) among non-combat-related visually impaired ex-service personnel. 45.0% (95% CI 23.2 to 66.8) of combat-related visually impaired personnel reported hazardous drinking, compared with 20.4% (95% CI 9.7 to 31.2) of those with a non-combat-related visual impairment.
Mental health problems were prevalent among visually impaired younger ex-servicemen. No statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of mental health problems among ex-servicemen with a combat-related visual impairment compared with those with a non-combat-related visual impairment.
To investigate whether there is an association between penetrating eye injuries and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children.
45 children aged 3–18 years who were treated due to penetrating ocular injuries (patient group) and 75 control subjects (control group) were enrolled in the study. The symptoms of ADHD were evaluated by the Turkish adapted and validated form of the Conner Parent Rating Scale (CPRS).
The mean age was 8.9±4.1 years in the patient group and 9.7±3.7 years in the control group. All subscale scores of CPRS were higher in the patient group compared with the control group (all p<0.05). Gender-specific analyses showed that the boys of the patient group had significantly higher mean scores of all subscales, including inattentiveness, hyperactivity, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, compared with the boys of the control group (all p<0.05). However, the girls of the patient group had higher mean scores of only the conduct disorder subscale (p<0.05) compared with the girls of the control group. Three of 45 patients (6.6%) and 0 of 75 control subjects (0%) had a history of previous ocular trauma (p<0.05).
There was an association between penetrating eye injuries and inattentiveness, hyperactivity, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in boys, and conduct disorder in girls. An appropriate evaluation of ADHD symptoms may prevent vision loss due to penetrating eye injuries in children. In addition, evaluation by a child psychiatrist of children presenting with penetrating eye injuries may prevent repetition of injuries.
To assess the influence of visual acuity (VA) on suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and depression.
From 2008 to 2012, a total of 28 919 nationally representative participants aged 19 years or older in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey underwent additional ophthalmological examinations by the Korean Ophthalmologic Society. Associations between best corrected VA in the better-seeing eye based on decimal fraction and mental health were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting for possible biopsychosocial confounders. Self-reported mental health (suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and depression), Euro Quality of Life-Visual Analog Scale and counselling experience were evaluated by direct interviews. A nomogram for risk of suicidal ideation was generated.
By multivariable logistic regression analysis, low VA was significantly associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt but not depression. Participants with a VA of no light perception to 0.2 had a nearly twofold and threefold increased risk of suicidal ideation (adjusted OR, 1.85; 95% CI 1.04 to 3.27) and suicidal attempt (adjusted OR, 3.44; 95% CI 0.92 to 12.79), compared with participants with a VA of 1.0. Sociodemographic disparities, including age and socioeconomic status, existed for suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt and depression. Euro Quality of Life-Visual Analog Scale significantly decreased as VA decreased and was lower in participants who attempted suicide.
Low VA was associated with the occurrence of suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt. Ophthalmologists should embrace their responsibility to help reduce suicidality and prevent suicides in patients with low VA by encouraging them to seek psychiatric care.
To compare intraobserver repeatability and interobserver and intersession reproducibility of lower tear meniscus height measurements (LTMH) obtained with the new Keratograph 5M and a Fourier-domain optical-coherence tomography (OCT; Spectralis OCT) and to assess the agreement between the two devices.
This is a observational cross-sectional study. Thirty eyes of 30 normal subjects were randomly imaged twice with both devices in our setting. Two examiners randomly made LTMH measurements using the devices. To assess intraobserver repeatability and interobserver and intersession reproducibility within-subject SD (Sw), test–retest repeatability, coefficient of variation (CoV) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. Agreement between both devices was also determined.
Average LMTH for Keratograph was 235.46±57.61 μm, whereas the mean LTMH measured by OCT was 245.84±67.18 μm. Intraobserver repeatability and interobserver and intersession reproducibility were moderate with Keratograph (CoV ≥0.16%, ≥0.19%, ≥0.17% and ICC ≤0.83, ≤0.76, ≤0.83, respectively) and high for the Spectralis OCT (CoV ≤0.13%, ≤0.12%, ≤0.11% and ICC ≥0.9, ≥0.92, ≥0.92, respectively). No statistically significant difference was detected in mean LMTH measurements made with both devices, although correlation was low (CoV 0.25%, ICC 0.55).
Spectralis OCT LTMH measurements were more reliable than the new Keratograph data. Agreement between the devices was poor.
To evaluate the relationship between dry eye symptoms, non-ocular conditions and tear film parameters.
Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants/setting: The study population consisted of patients who were seen in the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic. Patients filled out standardised questionnaires assessing dry eye symptoms (dry eye questionnaire 5 (DEQ5) and ocular surface disease index (OSDI)), non-ocular pain, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and also underwent measurement of tear film parameters. Main outcome measures: Correlations between dry eye symptoms and non-ocular conditions as compared with tear film parameters.
136 patients with a mean age of 65 (SD 11) years participated in the study. All correlations between the dry eye questionnaire scores (DEQ5 and OSDI) and (A) self-reported non-ocular pain measures (numerical rating scale and pain history), (B) depression and (C) PTSD were significant and moderate in strength (Pearson's coefficient 0.24 to 0.60, p<0.01 for all). All correlations between the dry eye questionnaires and tear film measures were weak (Pearson's coefficient –0.10 to 0.18) and most were not significant. Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that PTSD and non-ocular pain more closely associated with dry eye symptoms than did tear film parameters. Specifically, non-ocular pain and PTSD accounted for approximately 36% of the variability in DEQ5 scores (R=0.60) and approximately 40% of variability in OSDI scores (R=0.64). Of note, none of the tear parameters remained significantly associated with dry eye symptoms in either model.
Dry eye symptoms more closely align to non-ocular pain, depression and PTSD than to tear film parameters.
We report the results and clinical effectiveness of transcanalicular diode laser-assisted revision surgery for failed endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR).
We reviewed electronic charts of 53 eyes in 51 revision surgery patients, with anatomical failure after primary EDCR.
The major cause of failed EDCR was membranous obstruction of the rhinostomy site (36/53 eyes, 67.9%). The second most common cause of failure was granulomatous obstruction (13/53 eyes, 24.5%). The overall success rate of the first revision surgery was 83.0% (44/53 eyes). Revision surgery for membranous obstruction (36 eyes) showed a 100% success rate, while a 50% success rate was achieved in granulomatous obstruction (13 eyes). 2 patients with synechial obstruction also showed good results (100%). Sump syndrome (two eyes) showed a 100% failure rate after revision surgery. When granuloma was the main cause of obstruction (13 eyes), the size of the granuloma was correlated with the success of revision surgery. Granuloma size was larger in failed revision surgery (p=0.002).
A diode laser can achieve effective tissue dissection with minimal damage and is a good alternative technique for patients with membranous obstruction who had a failed EDCR. However, it may not be appropriate for large granulomatous obstruction and sump syndrome.
To evaluate the long-term prevalence of canaliculitis associated with the use of SmartPlugs.
This retrospective study included 42 eyes of 25 dry eye patients at our institution who received a SmartPlug insertion between 2004 and 2008. Irrigation of the lacrimal system was performed in all patients prior to SmartPlug insertion to ensure the patency of the system. The median follow-up time was 7.9 (5.6–10.5) years after plug insertion.
Six patients (seven eyes) of 25 patients (42 eyes) developed canaliculitis. The prevalence of canaliculitis per patient was 24%, and the prevalence of canaliculitis per SmartPlug was 16.6%. The median time from SmartPlug insertion to the onset of canaliculitis was 4.7 (1.4–6.0) years. The median age of the affected patients was 61.5 (36–74) years. Five of these patients were women and one was man. The pathogens were identified as Actinomyces in four eyes and as Staphylococcus aureus in three eyes. In five patients (six eyes), the canaliculitis was resolved by the application of topical antibiotics and repeated lacrimal irrigations with antibiotics and povidone-iodine. In one patient, a canaliculotomy was necessary to cure the condition.
The late onset of complications after SmartPlug insertion requires long-term observation to identify the majority of complications associated with SmartPlugs. In our patients with a follow-up of up to 10.5 years, the use of SmartPlugs was associated with the highest prevalence of canaliculitis published thus far.
We define the ideal anterior capsulotomy through consideration of capsular histology and biomechanics. Desirable qualities include preventing posterior capsular opacification (PCO), maintaining effective lens position (ELP) and optimising capsular strength.
Laboratory study of capsular biomechanics and literature review of histology and published clinical results.
Parameters of ideal capsulotomy construction include complete overlap of the intraocular lens to prevent PCO, centration on the clinical approximation of the optical axis of the lens to ensure concentricity with the capsule equator, and maximal capsular thickness at the capsulotomy edge to maintain integrity.
Constructing the capsulotomy centred on the clinical approximation of the optical axis of the lens with diameter 5.25 mm optimises prevention of PCO, consistency of ELP and capsular strength.
To evaluate the effect of temperature on the restoration of the optical properties of hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) after ejection through a cartridge into a temperature-controlled water chamber.
Acrylic IOLs (SA60AT; iSert 251; W-60; X-70; and VA-70AD) were loaded into a cartridge with viscoelastic material and ejected into a water chamber at 24°C or 34°C. A wavefront analyser was used to measure the spherical and cylindrical powers, and the higher-order aberrations of the optics of the IOLs. The time to restore the cylindrical power to within 0.1 dioptres of the baseline power was determined.
Surface irregularities of the IOLs after ejection were detected in the dioptric power maps but not in the higher-order aberration maps. The cylindrical power and the astigmatic and coma aberrations recovered immediately at 34°C but were delayed at 24°C. The restoration time of all IOLs at 24°C was significantly longer than that at 34°C (p<0.05).
The dioptric power maps determined by the wavefront analyser can detect and follow the restoration of the optical properties of hydrophobic acrylic IOLs immediately after ejection. The restoration time was dependent on the temperature of the water chamber.
Bach2 was reported to play a key role in T lymphocyte development and maturation to mediate immunological homeostasis. Several autoimmune and immune-related diseases were shown to be associated with Bach2 gene polymorphisms. The current study was designed to explore the association between Bach2 gene polymorphism with Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) syndrome and Behcet's disease (BD) in a Chinese Han population.
–427 patients with BD, 422 patients with VKH and 623 controls were recruited for the first stage from a Chinese Han population. The second stage included another set of 388 patients with BD and 460 healthy subjects. PCR fragment length polymorphism methodology was used for genotyping. Frequencies of genotypes and alleles were measured by direct counting and compared between cases and controls by 2 test.
No difference could be detected between patients suffering from BD or VKH with healthy controls concerning allele and genotype frequencies of rs11755527, rs3757247, rs12212193 and rs2474619. Although in the first stage the frequencies of genotype CC and AC of rs2474619 showed a weak statistical difference between BD and the control group (Pc=0.02), the difference was lost after the second stage and combined stage experiment.
The investigated Bach2 gene polymorphisms (rs11755527, rs3757247, rs12212193 and rs2474619) are not related to the susceptibility to either VKH or BD in our investigated Chinese Han population.
This project was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR-CCC-12002184).


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Photo by Daniel Hetzel
Seen along many Park trails; appear to contain nuts. Photo by Daniel Hetzel
Emerged after rains, along many trails, in decomposed granite. Photo by Daniel Hetzel
Male spider, identification by arachnologist Rick Vetter. Photos by Dolores Ibarra
Adult butterfly. Photo by Debora Martin
Adult bird. Photos by Patt French
Egg case. Photo by
Egg case on Peruvian pepper tree
Larva. Photo by Monique Lopez
Adult insect.
Dead adult moth. Photo by Carol Heller
Larva in last instar. Photo by Aaron Lily
Adult insect. Photo by Niessa Munoz
Identification per James Bryant: an immature Cooper's hawk. "The spotty plumage is similar to the sharp-shinned hawk, and I can't see the tip of the tail, but given the scale of the fence I can see this is a bigger bird." Photo by Deborah Martin
Adult beetle. Photo by Bobby Gillespie
Juvenile with blue tail
Adult lizard. Photo by Monique Lopez
Photo by Kim Wilshire; identification by Rick vetter
Adult beetle.
Adult moth in Apple Valley. Photo by Amanda Steenson. The nearest habitat for the larvae of this species would be the Mojave River bed to the west. California's native wild grape (Vitis girdiana) has been recorded from where Interstate 15 crosses the river.
Adult female. Photo by Debora Martin
Larva with sunflower seed for scale. Photo by Yvonne Perez
Photo by Gail Vonalt
Adult wasp. Photo by Shannon Clark
Adult feeding at yellow blossoms of decorative backyard shrub. Photos by Monique Lopez
Photo by Susan Savolainen
Identification by entomologist Rick Vetter. Photo by Isaac Williams
Adult insect.


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• Words on Will: Teller. The magician of Penn & Teller fame talks with "Macbeth" director Aaron Posner on magic's thematic and inspirational role in their staging of the play. Lutheran Church of the Reformation, 212 East Capitol St. NE. 6 p.m. Feb. 27. $25.
• PEN/Faulkner Reading Series: Washington Writers: Beyond the Capitol. PEN/Faulkner finalist Edward P. Jones and writer Dinaw Mengestu, both Washington residents, read from their latest works. 8 p.m. Feb. 29. $15.
• PEN/Faulkner Reading Series: An Irish American Evening: Alice McDermott, Frank McCourt, introduced by Richard McCann. 8 p.m. March 14. $15.
Goethe-Institut of Washington
812 Seventh St. NW. 202/289-1200, www.goethe.de/washington
• Multimedia Presentation: "Islam and Muslims in Germany." Mohamed Esa, professor of German, McDaniel College, on Muslim integration into German society. 6:30 p.m. Feb. 20. Registration at 202/289-1200 ext. 163.
• Film Series: "Michael Haneke: A Cinema of Provocation." In German with English subtitles. All films 6:30 p.m. $4.75-$6.75 through the Web site: "The Castle" (1997), Feb. 25; "Fraulein" (1984/85), March 3; "The Rebellion" (1993), March 10; "Who Was Edgar Allan?" (1984), March 13; "Three Paths to the Lake" (1976), March 17.
International Spy Museum
800 F St. NW. Unless otherwise noted, advance registration required; tickets do not include admission to the museum. Tickets through Ticketmaster at 800/551-SEAT, online at ticketmaster.com, in person at the museum or through 202/393-7798. www.spymuseum.org.
• Operation Night Spy: Espionage in the Dark. 7-9 pm. Feb. 28. Sold out.
Kennedy Center
Literature, manga and anime at the Japan! Culture + Hyperculture Festival. F Street and New Hampshire Avenue NW. All events free unless otherwise noted. 202/467-4600.
• Manga Cafe and Reading Lounge. Casual fare spiced by anime trailers, popular manga for reading and a vintage robot toy collection. South Gallery. Through Feb. 17. Manga author Robin Nishi captures festival happenings in a "Daily Manga" drawing and conducts a free public workshop for ages 10 and up, 11 a.m. Feb. 16.
• Genius Party Premieres. Original films by top anime talents Shinichiro Watanabe, Koji Morimoto and Mahiro Maeda, introduced by Genius Party Executive Producer Eiko Tanaka. Family Theater. 7:30 p.m. Feb. 15, 16. $25.
• Panel discussion: "A Thousand Years of Genji." Jeffrey Angles of Western Michigan University and scholars Naomi Fukumori and Melissa McCormick examine the 11th-century Japanese classic "The Tale of Genji." Family Theater. 1:30 p.m. Feb. 16. $10.


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A Woman Inspired - Today's Christian Videos
'The Unmaking' – Beautiful Acoustic Performance From Nichole Nordeman - @nichole-nordeman
00:03:53 2267 views
Embed awomaninspiredconference 2406 views 2010-10-02T00:29:33 This conference is about taking your foundation and building upon it according to God's design. We are not all the same. Each of us are unique in our gifts and talents and they way God would have us to use them. A Woman Inspired by God's Word and His design for her life is unstoppable in her pursuit of His destiny for her. For some that may be as a writer; a doctor; an arborist; a teacher; an organizer; a blogger; a hair stylist; an interior designer; a speaker; or anything else that God may have planned for you. We pray that the principles you are taught during this conference will help you to become closer to His design. Join us: www.awomaninspiredconference.org
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Explore the personal stories of Syrian refugees in Lebanon
Ghana's mixed fortune as a dumping ground for e-waste
22 May 2013 13:39 GMT | Asia Pacific, New Zealand
New Zealand police acted unlawfully and unreasonably during armed raids near a small Maori settlement in 2007, an independent report has said.
Police accepted the findings of the Independent Police Conduct Authority report on Wednesday, but said they were targeting military-style camps based in Ruatoki Valley in the remote Urewera mountain range of New Zealand's north island and the operation had to be taken in context.
The Maori tribe of Tuhoe called for a formal police apology after the report said that police unnecessarily intimidated people during the operation and acted unlawfully in establishing road blocks and detaining people during the raids.
The police arrested 18 people in the raids, which uncovered illegal firearms and Molotov cocktails, and sought charges under the Terrorism Act.
Only four people stood trial and were found guilty of firearms charges, but they were not found to be part of an organised criminal group.
Prosecutors had said that the group was planning to use guerrilla warfare to achieve self-determination in the Tuhoe region if negotiations over the issue with the government had failed.
'Unjustified and unreasonable'
The report found that the detention of some Ruatoki residents while their properties were searched was "contrary to law, unjustified and unreasonable".
With regard to road blocks established by police in the towns of Ruatoki and Taneatua, Sir David Carruthers, a judge and chairman of the Independent Police Conduct Authority, said in a written statement on Wednesday: "Police had no legal basis for stopping and searching vehicles or photographing drivers or passengers."
The report also found that police planning and preparation for the establishment of the road blocks was deficient and intimidating.
Peter Marshall, New Zealand's police commissioner, said that he accepted the report's findings and apologised for the impact on "innocent residents of the Ruatoki Valley and elsewhere", but later said he offerred no apology to those who were involved in the investigation.
Ruatoki residents said they were still traumatised by the actions of police during the raids and the Tuhoe was seeking a formal apology in a face-to face meeting.
Ruatoki resident Molly Turnbull said police acted like "terrorists" during the operation. "It's something you read about in the movies, not in our community," she said.
'Significant changes'
Marshall said in a written statement that the police had made significant changes to address many of the issues noted.
But he said the context of the anti-terrorism operation involving more than 300 police was important.
"It followed an almost two-year investigation into a group of people involved in military style training camps using Molotov cocktails, semi automatic rifles, threats to kill people and destroy property," Marshall said.
"When Police executed the 41 search warrants they found 26 firearms. Seventeen were found in Ruatoki including a loaded pistol under the mattress of a suspect."
But he apologised for police officers' failure to meet expected standards when carrying roadblocks in Ruatoki and the town of Taneatua, and five of the 41 property searches.
The report cleared the decision of Howard Broad, the former police commissioner, to authorise the raids and said that he was justified to do so.
Source: Al Jazeera and agencies
A look at the controversy surrounding the arrests of Maori activists in New Zealand.
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One model for reviving dying languages focuses on immersing children and their parents within the Maori culture.
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There is a unique and dangerous commerce system at work in Amazonia, where children risk their lives for a few pennies.
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Music blared and colours blazed at Christian Dior's autumn/winter haute couture show, but fashionistas said the collection sorely missed former designer John Galliano's direction.
The Parisian house known for untouchably chic and bold designs has yet to choose a successor for Galliano, who was fired from his role as top designer in March after a video surfaced of him making anti-Semitic comments at a Parisian bar.
In his absence, studio head and longtime Galliano collaborator Bill Gaytten put together an eclectic collection that pleased buyers, but failed to convince fashion die-hards that Dior can sail on much longer without a skipper at the helm.
Famous faces were few and far between at the show, which was staged with less than usual fanfare in the sun-splashed Left Bank Parisian garden of the Musee Rodin - a sign that Dior's executive caste may be waiting for new direction before splashing out on heavy marketing.
Dior Chief Executive Sidney Toledano, speaking to journalists after the show, gave no hint that the search for a suitable successor to Galliano would end soon.
"We are taking our time, we want to find a long-term solution... All options are still open," said Toledano, who declined to specify how long the search could last.
Gaytten, helped by assistant Suzanna Venegas, gave an explosive start to his show with a bass boom that startled audiences and a series of layered taffeta aquamarine skirts paired with three-dimensional geometric headdresses.
Models with outlandish, finger-in-the-socket hairstyles marched out wearing outfits whose angular details and cheerful colour-scheme vaguely recalled 1990s roller-skating chic.
As DJs blasted music mixed from traffic sounds, the collection lurched in a different direction, with a series of rose- and khaki-coloured short jackets festooned with layers of shimmering mirrors, blinking gold and white in the spotlights.
Another mini-collection featured floor-length, sari-like gowns encrusted with glinting jewels, in what some said was an outstretched hand to emerging market buyers from the Far East.
"I loved the colourful long dresses," said Ekaterina Kormich, a Russian model and haute couture buyer.
"I don't think it has lost the Dior touch at all," said Stephanie Kauffman, also a high fashion buyer, from New York.
Bernadette Chirac, wife of former French president Jacques Chirac and a fixture at Parisian haute couture shows, told Reuters she liked a series of flowing gowns with arms like wings: "It was beautiful, the long dresses were superb."
The fashion press, however, was less enthused by Gaytten's collection, which many criticised as lacking a unifying idea and too clearly geared toward emerging market buyers.
"I miss so much John Galliano," said Anna Dello Rosso, fashion editor-at-large for Vogue Japan. "This is closer to the market, but now I miss the strong ideas."
Others were harsher. "If this is any proof, they need to find someone to replace Galliano fast," said one fashion journalist who asked not to be named.
- Reuters
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We had almost given up on these franchises either because they were starting to suck or they had been gone too long. The triumphant return of this franchise will be remembered until the next one. Alien: Isolation How many times has a game starring a xenomorph let you down? My counter says, every time but one… Continue reading
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In honor of the greatest create-a-character in Horrible Night history, we do not take our relationships with video game characters lightly. This new character stole the show. Fergus Reid – Wolfenstein: The New Order Sorry to those who chose Private Wyatt, but Fergus is the man. He manages to be the biggest fan of Blazko (the… Continue reading
The 2014 Grimmys: F*** Me Award
Our level of frustration is only matched by the few sharp moments of pure bliss that come from being one step ahead of the pure evil that this game is designed around. We love to hate you. Alien: Isolation We knew the alien would have it in for us, but those creepy androids didn't have… Continue reading
The 2014 Grimmys: Day Three Awards
We cross the midway point in our Games of the Year deliberations. Day Three gives all the F's, has plenty of characters, and welcomes back an old friend. We try to keep it together as these awards' mood swings are getting out of control. This special episode is a part of The 2014 Grimmys, Horrible Night's game… Continue reading
The 2014 Grimmys: BFG Award
Overachievers are fine by us when they blow our minds and exceed our wildest expectations. This game in particular didn't have to try so hard, but we're happy it did. South Park: The Stick of Truth The best case scenario after Ubisoft salvaged this game from THQ's bankruptcy was that it get released but would… Continue reading
The 2014 Grimmys: Quickie Award
Where do you turn when you don't have enough time for a long play session? You look for a filler game. This is the best 15 minutes we had all year, so much so we kept going back for more, and more, and more, and we were late to wherever we were supposed to be… Continue reading
The 2014 Grimmys: More of These Award
Some of our favorite games are caught in an identity crisis and are being made less and less these days. This game personifies a 2nd class of video games and should be proud of who it is. We are. Valiant Hearts: The Great War This is one of the most memorable adventure games we've played… Continue reading
The 2014 Grimmys: Not Entertained Award
Bad games come in many forms, but a disappointing game at one point showed promise. Unfortunately, this game not only failed to live up to its hype, it collapsed underneath it. Destiny That was an awful lofty hype ceiling. I mean, no one really expected Destiny to meet those goals right out of the gate…. Continue reading
The 2014 Grimmys: Old Game of the Year
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The 2014 Grimmys: Day Two Awards
Games of the year deliberations and award selections continue on. Day Two features old games, disappointments, promises, fast games, and overachievers. Nothing goes as planned, sometimes that is a good thing. This special episode is a part of The 2014 Grimmys, Horrible Night's game of the year awards. This show was recorded live on Twitch.tv/HorribleNight. The 2014 Grimmys… Continue reading
The 2014 Grimmys: Video Game Ass Video Game of the Year
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The 2014 Grimmys: Best Gunz
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Benefit Hoola Bronzing Powder Reviews
Good for a Matte BronzerTo start with, I'm not a big fan of matte bronzers. They usually look like I've smeared dirt on my face. This blends better than that, so it doesn't look like dirt, but still. It doesn't give much of a glow. Good for contouring, but I can't say it is my favorite. — 1 year agoBekkia | 78 reviews
greatthis is a really good color for fair/light skin tones. its natural looking, not orange at all. just dont use the brush that comes with it. — 4 years agomamalicious | 196 reviews
Perfect shade, perfect finishReally, really natural. Benefit hits the mark with this bronzer. It is the perfect shade and does not make you look like a cast member of Jersey Shore or a glittery, tan, disco ball. Your skin is left glowy and with warmth. It is buildable, too; you can use a little for everyday color (I do or I'd look like a corpse) or more when you have some color or want a more "tan" look. The only drawback is ...read morethe awkward box size and the dinky, superfluous little brush it comes with. Use a big, fluffy brush and glow! — 4 years, 4 months agocherrypie | 196 reviews
Best Bronzer for acne prone skin!I have been using this product for 4 years!!!! It's part of my makeup bag, and everyday use! The only bad thing about it is the brush. The rest is perfect, and it will last you a very long time! — 3 years, 10 months agolisiana_de_bem_justino | 101 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 2 of 3 people said helpful
Good for a lighter personI bought this 4 years ago and still have some. These box of powders last FOREVER. It's a nice matte bronzer that compliments a fairer skin tone. I like it a lot and tend to go back to it often as the shimmer in some bronzers can be off-putting to me. — 6 months, 1 week agoMsAtomicBomb | 180 reviews
Good stuffI use this daily and it works well with my pale skin. If I don't blend it properly it does tend to look muddy though. But over all I really like it and think it would work well with a variety of skin tones — 3 weeks, 5 days agovanesserz72 | 21 reviews
Awesomethis is my favorite bronzer,there's a bunch others that I like a lot,but this is the best one I've used by far,the color is just perfect and natural looking,does't look orange at all,or a fake brown,it just blends well with your skin tone,the finish is matte,but it's kinda creamy at the same time. It's good for contouring as well,and lasts a looong long time,a little bit goes a long way — 8 months agohazl | 43 reviews
Great Matte BronzerI'm always on the hunt for a matte bronzer, and this one is amazing! Shimmer is everywhere you look-- so this was a welcome find. I hate the brush that comes with it, but if you use a nice fluffy brush you will be golden! This is good for a range of skin tones, and it's easy to blend. — 9 months, 4 weeks agomhoward | 34 reviews
Good bronze!Bought this for the reviews! LOVE it. — 1 year, 1 month agorhale4645 | 5 reviews
Bronzer +/or Cheek Color!Love this one! My all-time favorite Benefit color! Blends smoothly + looks naturaL! Love in a box! — 1 year, 3 months agolialou | 16 reviews
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Star Tracks
The heiress gets cracking as a domestic fräulein in Berlin. Plus: The Spice Girls, Britney, Brad and more
Credit: Maurucci Maurizio/ Pacific Coast News
Published: Thursday Dec 13, 2007 | 06:15 PM EST
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- Mike Sando, NFL Insider
SEATTLE -- Percy Harvin might not remember much from his return to the Seattle Seahawks following an extended injury layoff. Harvin might not want to remember much after the New Orleans Saints roughed him up repeatedly during the Seahawks' 23-15 victory in the NFC divisional playoffs Saturday. Doctors checked Harvin for a concussion twice and ultimately banned him from finishing the game after Seattle built a 16-0 lead.
As disappointing as Harvin's return was from both injury and individual-production standpoints, the time Harvin spent on the field revealed plenty about the Seahawks' championship outlook. Home-field advantage and a generally dominant defense might be enough for the Seahawks to reach the Super Bowl, but Harvin's availability could be the key to winning it.
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Good eating habits early on result in better long-term health
When toddlers eat chips, sweets and soft drinks, their IQ at age 8 is several points lower than kids with a healthier diet
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"Jenny's in a fix/With her arithmetics/Poor concentration/Boys in the classroom cause agitation/ She's a junk food junky/Blame it on the food, yeah/Blame it on the food."
Almost 30 years ago, X-ray Spex got it right with those lyrics.
When toddlers eat chips, sweets and soft drinks, their IQ at age 8 is several points lower than kids with a healthier diet. Add this to info that when mom eats junk while she is pregnant, her child will likely be a fast-food aficionado, too; and even if the kid later upgrades his or her diet, lifelong health problems (high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, heart disease, cancer, brain dysfunction and behaviour problems) often persist.
So remember:
• Smart, healthy kids start before conception! You want to be a healthy weight and take prenatal vitamins with DHA omega-3s even before you get pregnant. And when pregnant, you're not eating for two; you need only 10 per cent more calories.
• Stick to a diet of 100 per cent whole grains, limited saturated fats, no trans fats, no added sugars or sugar syrups and lots of fresh veggies and fruit. Your diet affects the dopamine in your baby's brain, a reward system that can be programmed to respond to fatty, fried foods or veggies and whole grains, depending on what you eat.
• Breastfeeding, at least partially for four to six months, gives your child the best chance for a healthy weight and brain as a teen.
• When you introduce solid food, offer plenty of legumes (that's beans and peas), fruits and vegetables.
Ask health questions at doctoroz.com. Drs. Oz and Roizen are authors of YOU: Stress Less. Order it at StarStore.ca
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1995 Mazda 626 Repair and Maintenance
A guide to problems, costs, maintenance and repair for your 1995 Mazda 626
- Timing Belt Replacement $281 - 362
- Starter Replacement $262 - 426
- Fuel Pump Replacement $433 - 627
- Intake Manifold Gasket Replacement $306 - 477
- Head Gasket(s) Replacement $1,011 - 1,619
- Ray & Dana's Inman Auto Care (732) 856-5054 | 3.46mi
- 12 Volt Doctor (718) 412-9553 | 2.98mi
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1995 Mazda 626 Problems
If the engine cranks but does not start, it may be caused by a tripped inertia switch. Switch the key to "ON" and the fuel pump should be heard running for a second or two. Listen at the gas filler if necessary. If you do not hear the pump the inertia switch should be reset, it will "click" when it is reset.
Premature automatic transmission failure is common. Diagnoses of the fault will be necessary to determine if repair or replacement is the proper repair.
If the engine cranks but will not start, it may be due a failed distributor. In the diagnosis, it may be discovered that the Electronic Engine Control (EEC) Unit is the cause if ignition spark is restored after disconnecting the Spark Output (SPOUT) Connector.
1995 Mazda 626 Questions
My engine revvs itself in neutral, overheats, I smell coolant in the engine steam, and my heat is gone. I believe it may be the intake gasket but I'm not sure.
After driving sometimes the engine will develop a ticking noise from the top. It will get progressively louder to the point where it's quite annoying. Then out of nowhere it will go away. It comes and goes with no warning and I cant figure it out. I run 10w-30 mobile 1 full synthetic and chan...
1995 Mazda 626 Recalls
1995 Mazda 626 Reviews
engine light comes on and off
Car is 16 years old with 138000 miles. Just replaced rear brakes for the first time. Just had first engine repair-water pump. Clear coat on paint just beginning to wear through, on a car that has been outside it's whole life. Now the bad. Auto trans rebuilt at 50 and 85 thousand miles. It has unrepairable cooling issues, just a poor design. There was a recall movement, but nothing ever c...